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Surfactant Administration via Thin Catheter During Spontaneous Breathing: Randomized Controlled Trial
CONCLUSIONS: The Take Care technique is feasible for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in infants with very low birth weight. It significantly reduces both the need and duration of MV, and thus the bronchopulmonary dysplasia rate in preterm infants.
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Kanmaz, H. G., Erdeve, O., Canpolat, F. E., Mutlu, B., Dilmen, U. Tags: Premature & Newborn Article Source Type: research

Hospital Admissions for Childhood Asthma After Smoke-Free Legislation in England
CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm those from a small number of previous studies suggesting that the well-documented population health benefits of comprehensive smoke-free legislation appear to extend to reducing hospital admissions for childhood asthma.
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Millett, C., Lee, J. T., Laverty, A. A., Glantz, S. A., Majeed, A. Tags: Respiratory Tract Article Source Type: research

A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Web-Based Tobacco Cessation Education Program
CONCLUSIONS: The WeBREATHe program is the first evidence-based education program in tobacco cessation designed specifically for pediatric RTs, RNs, and NPs. Engagement in WeBREATHe increased participants’ tobacco cessation-related behaviors.
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Gordon, J. S., Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Andrews, J. A., Christiansen, S. M., Byron, D. J. Tags: Respiratory Tract Article Source Type: research

The Burden of Influenza in Young Children, 2004-2009
CONCLUSIONS: Despite expanded vaccination recommendations, many children are insufficiently vaccinated, and substantial influenza burden remains. Antiviral use was low. Future studies need to evaluate trends in use of vaccine and antiviral agents and their impact on disease burden and identify strategies to prevent influenza in young infants.
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Poehling, K. A., Edwards, K. M., Griffin, M. R., Szilagyi, P. G., Staat, M. A., Iwane, M. K., Snively, B. M., Suerken, C. K., Hall, C. B., Weinberg, G. A., Chaves, S. S., Zhu, Y., McNeal, M. M., Bridges, C. B. Tags: Infectious Disease & Immunity Article Source Type: research

Surfactant Administration via Thin Catheter During Spontaneous Breathing: Randomized Controlled Trial
A policy of intubation, mechanical ventilation, and surfactant administration is commonly used for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome worldwide; however subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains as risk with this standard approach. Noninvasive surfactant administration technique during spontaneous breathing (Take Care) along with nasal continuous positive airway pressure support successfully reduces the need for further respiratory support and bronchopulmonary dysplasia rate in very low birth weight infants. (Read the full article)
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research

A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Web-Based Tobacco Cessation Education Program
Children exposed to second-hand smoke have high rates of hospitalization for respiratory illness. These visits represent a "teachable moment" when parental smokers can be motivated to quit. However, pediatric health care practitioners receive little training in tobacco cessation. The Web-Based Respiratory Education About Tobacco and Health online training program was effective at increasing the provision of an effective tobacco cessation intervention by pediatric hospital-based respiratory therapists, registered nurses, and nurse practitioners to adult smokers. (Read the full article)
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Pediatric Specialty Outpatients
This study provides additional evidence to suggest the use of CAM be included in routine patient history taking. (Read the full article)
Source: PEDIATRICS - February 1, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Tags: Pediatrics Digest Summary Source Type: research

Use of the PiCCO system in critically ill patients with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
DiscussionWe investigate whether the use of PiCCO monitoring will improve patient outcomes in critically ill patients with ARDS or septic shock. This will provide additional data on hemodynamic monitoring and help clinicians to make decisions on the use of PiCCO.Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01526382
Source: Trials - February 1, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Zhongheng ZhangXiao XuMin YaoHuilan ChenHongying NiHaozhe Fan Source Type: research

Intermediate Acting Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Risk of Postoperative Respiratory Complications: Prospective Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study: Grosse-Sundrup M, Henneman JP, Sandberg WS, et al. BMJ 2012;345:e6329.
Approximately 400 million patients receive neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) annually, predominantly in the operating room, intensive care unit, or Emergency Department. However, the very paralysis that makes these drugs beneficial may render them detrimental when recovery of full muscle strength is essential for post-operative extubation. The present study sought to examine whether this mechanism resulted in a higher rate of post-operative hypoxia and unplanned reintubation when intermediate acting non-depolarizing NMBAs were used during surgery. The relationship between the depth of neuromuscular blockade during anes...
Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine - February 1, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Benjamin Easter Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Mike Yeadon
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 12, 96 (2013). doi:10.1038/nrd3936 When Pfizer announced the closure of its research operations in Sandwich, UK, former head of allergy and respiratory biology Mike Yeadon decided to form his own start-up company together with several former colleagues. His company, Ziarco, has licensed several former Pfizer compounds and recently secured UK£16.8 million in venture funding. Here, he talks to Charlotte Harrison about the challenges so far and the company's plans for the future.
Source: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery - February 1, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: News and Analysis Source Type: research

Correction
With regard to the May 2012 article entitled “Influence of maternal asthma on the cause and severity of infant acute respiratory tract infections” (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129:1236-42), the third sentence under the Study design and setting heading inaccurately describes the cohort. The sentence should read “The TCRI is a prospective cohort of 673 term (≥37 weeks) infants with birth weight ≥2275 g and their mothers designed to investigate the association of characteristics of infant viral ARIs, such as severity and cause, and familial atopic predisposition on the development of early childhood asthma and atopy.23”
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Rhinovirus has the unique ability to directly activate human T cells in vitro
Conclusion: Rhinovirus has the unique ability to bypass antigen presentation and directly infect and activate human T cells. This could explain the strong association of rhinovirus with exacerbation of airway diseases.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ramses Ilarraza, Yingqi Wu, Christopher D. Skappak, Farnam Ajamian, David Proud, Darryl J. Adamko Tags: Rhinitis, sinusitis, and upper airway disease Source Type: research

Insights into pediatric asthma with hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging of the lung
The application of sophisticated quantitative imaging techniques in the developing lung might provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of respiratory disease beyond that we can obtain from physiologic testing alone. Hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can assess the functional alterations of airflow within the lung resulting from the structural changes occurring in the central and distal small airways and lung parenchyma of asthmatic patients. Hyperpolarized gases are used as inhaled contrast agents for MRI of the lung and provide images of the lung airspaces with high spatial resolution. 3Heliu...
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mario Castro, Jason Woods Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

A cross-sectional study of secondhand smoke exposure and respiratory symptoms in non-current smokers in the U.S. trucking industry: SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms
Conclusions: In this group of trucking industry workers, childhood and recent exposures to SHS were related to respiratory symptoms.
Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles - February 1, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Francine LadenYueh-Hsiu ChiuEric GarshickS HammondJaime Hart Source Type: research

Risk Assessment of the Introduction of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Boar Semen into Switzerland as an Example of a PRRSV‐Free Country
Summary Switzerland is currently porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) free, but semen imports from PRRSV‐infected European countries are increasing. As the virus can be transmitted via semen, for example, when a free boar stud becomes infected, and the risk of its import in terms of PRRSV introduction is unknown, the annual probability to accidentally import the virus into Switzerland was estimated in a risk assessment. A quantitative stochastic model was set up with data comprised by import figures of 2010, interviews with boar stud owners and expert opinion. It resulted in an annual median number...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - February 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: C. Nathues, U. Zimmerli, R. Hauser, H. Nathues, E. grosse Beilage, G. Schüpbach‐Regula Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Integrating the Overlap of Obstructive Lung Disorders with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: OLDOSA Syndrome
Abstract Obstructive lung disorders (OLDs), such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are very prevalent conditions. Disease phenotypes (e.g., chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc) often overlap, and significant confusion exists about their optimal nosologic characterization. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is also a common condition, which features bidirectional interactions with OLDs. OSA appears to be more commonly seen in patients with OLD, perhaps as a result of shared risk factors, e.g., obesity, smoking, increased airway resistance, local and systemic inflammation, anti‐inflammatory therapy. Conv...
Source: Respirology - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Octavian C. Ioachimescu, Mihaela Teodorescu Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Accurate scoring of the apnea–hypopnea index using a simple non‐contact breathing sensor
Summary Sleep apnea is a serious condition that afflicts many individuals and is associated with serious health complications. Polysomnography, the gold standard for assessing and diagnosing sleep apnea, uses breathing sensors that are intrusive and can disrupt the patient's sleep during the overnight testing. We investigated the use of breathing signals derived from non‐contact force sensors (i.e. load cells) placed under the supports of the bed as an alternative to traditional polysomnography breathing sensors (e.g. nasal pressure, oral‐nasal thermistor, chest belt and abdominal belt). The apnea–hypopnea index esti...
Source: Journal of Sleep Research - January 31, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Zachary T. Beattie, Tamara L. Hayes, Christian Guilleminault, Chad C. Hagen Tags: Regular Research Paper Source Type: research

Successful hematopoietic engraftment with gray platelets after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from gray platelet syndrome donor
Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by the absence of α-granules and their constituents. It may be present with thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency. Platelets have a large and gray appearance under light and electron microscope. A 19-year old female patient with her second relapse acute lymphoblastic leukemia had to be consolidated with allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after achieving remission with induction chemotherapy. The only available and one mismatch compatible donor was her brother, who was previously diagnosed as GPS. Allogeneic HSCT was performed from he...
Source: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis - January 31, 2013 Category: Hematology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Local Intensity Feature Tracking and Motion Modeling for Respiratory Signal Extraction in Cone Beam CT Projections
Accounting for respiration motion during imaging can help improve targeting precision in radiation therapy. We propose local intensity feature tracking (LIFT), a novel markerless breath phase sorting method in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan images. The contributions of this study are twofold. First, LIFT extracts the respiratory signal from the CBCT projections of the thorax depending only on tissue feature points that exhibit respiration. Second, the extracted respiratory signal is shown to correlate with standard respiration signals. LIFT extracts feature points in the first CBCT projection of a sequence and t...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - January 31, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Quantitative Evaluation of Two-Factor Analysis Applied to Hepatic Perfusion Study Using Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound
Focal liver lesions (FLLs) are usually quantitatively assessed by time-intensity curves (TICs) extracted from contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) image sequences. To overcome the subjectivity of manual region of interest (ROI) selection and automatically extract TICs, a novel factor analysis method called replace approximation (RA) was proposed. Assuming that the two factors are the arterial and portal vein phases, respectively, the high-dimensional time-series data are mapped into 1-D space, where the TIC at each pixel in the image becomes a point along a one-dimensional axis. The RA method aims to seek two apexes corresp...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - January 31, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Clinical manifestations and outcome of anti-PL7 positive patients with antisynthetase syndrome.
CONCLUSION: Our series mainly underscores that ILD is frequent in anti-PL7 patients, leading to high morbidity. Our study further suggests that patients with predictive factors of ILD deterioration may require more aggressive therapy, especially the group of patients with DLCO<45% at ILD diagnosis and UIP pattern on HRCT-scan. PMID: 23375620 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Marie I, Josse S, Decaux O, Diot E, Landron C, Roblot P, Jouneau S, Hatron PY, Hachulla E, Vittecoq O, Menard JF, Jouen F, Dominique S Tags: Eur J Intern Med Source Type: research

Protecting Pediatric Oncology Patients From Influenza.
Abstract Influenza is a common respiratory pathogen. Its severity can be unpredictable, but people with chronic illness are at increased risk of severe infection, complications, and death from influenza. This review examines evidence to support various strategies to protect pediatric oncology patients from influenza-related morbidity. Influenza vaccination should be considered standard. Additional evidence-supported measures include antiviral treatment, antiviral prophylaxis, cohorting of patients, and hospital infection control measures. Data from other high-risk populations support the vaccination of family membe...
Source: The Oncologist - January 31, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kersun LS, Reilly AF, Coffin SE, Sullivan KE Tags: Oncologist Source Type: research

Characterization of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei integrin β and its role in immunomodulation by dsRNA-mediated gene silencing.
Abstract The full sequence of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei integrin β (LV-B) is 2879 bp which encodes 787 amino acids (aa) of the open reading frame (ORF). The mature protein (764 aa) contains 1) an extracellular domain (ED) of 692 aa, 2) a transmembrane domain (TD) of 23 aa, and 3) a cytoplasmic domain (CD) of 49 aa. The cloned LV-B grouped together with crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus integrin β (PL-B1), but was far away from vertebrate integrin β1, β3, β5, β6, β7, and β8, and another L. vannamei integrin β (LV). A Southern blot analysis indicated that the cloned LV-B was a single copy of genomic ...
Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology - January 31, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lin YC, Chen JC, Chen YY, Liu CH, Cheng W, Hsu CH, Tsui WC Tags: Dev Comp Immunol Source Type: research

Smoke Extract Impairs Adenosine Wound Healing: Implications of Smoke-Generated Reactive Oxygen Species.
In conclusion, our data suggest that cigarette smoke exposure impairs A2A-stimulated wound repair via a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism and provides a better understanding of adenosine signaling that may direct the development of pharmacological tools for treatment of chronic inflammatory lung disorders. PMID: 23371060 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 31, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Allen-Gipson DS, Zimmerman MC, Zhang H, Castellanos G, O'Malley JK, Alvarez-Ramirez H, Kharbanda K, Sisson JH, Wyatt TA Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Interleukin-1 Receptor and Caspase-1 are Required for the Th17 Response in NO2-Promoted Allergic Airway Disease.
Abstract Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) is an environmental pollutant and endogenously-generated oxidant associated with the development, severity and exacerbation of asthma. NO(2) exposure is capable of allergically sensitizing mice to the innocuous inhaled antigen ovalbumin (OVA), promoting neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment, and a mixed Th2/Th17 response at antigen challenge that is reminiscent of severe asthma. However, the identity of IL-17A-producing cells and the mechanisms governing their ontogeny in NO(2)-promoted allergic airway disease remain unstudied. We measured the kinetics of lung inflammation followin...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 31, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Martin RA, Ather JL, Lundblad LK, Suratt BT, Boyson JE, Budd RC, Alcorn JF, Flavell RA, Eisenbarth SC, Poynter ME Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Autoreactive T and B cells Induce Development of BALT-like Tissue in the Lung.
Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Studies in humans have found that the incidence of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) correlates with the severity of lung injury. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of BALT during systemic autoimmunity are not known. We have determined whether systemic autoimmunity in a mouse model of autoimmune arthritis can promote the development of BALT by generating a novel mouse model derived from the K/BxN mice. Transgenic mice with the KRN T cell receptor specific for the ...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 31, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shilling RA, Williams JW, Perera J, Berry E, Wu Q, Cummings OW, Sperling AI, Huang H Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Hedgehog Signaling in Neonatal and Adult Lung.
Abstract Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signals from epithelium to mesenchyme during embryonic lung development, but the roles of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in postnatal lung development and adult lung are not known. Using Gli1nlacZ reporter mice to identify cells with active Hh signaling, we found that Gli1nlacZ-positive mesenchymal cells are densely and diffusely present up to 2 weeks after birth and decline in number thereafter. In adult mice, Gli1nlacZ-positive cells are present around large airways and vessels and are sparse in alveolar septa. Hh-stimulated cells are mostly fibroblasts; only 10% of Gli1nlacZ-positive cells...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 31, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu L, Kugler MC, Loomis CA, Samdani R, Zhao Z, Chen GJ, Brandt JP, Brownell I, Joyner AL, Rom WN, Munger JS Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Isolation and Characterization of a Marine Cyclohexylacetate-Degrading Bacterium Lutimaribacter litoralis sp. nov., and Reclassification of Oceanicola pacificus as Lutimaribacter pacificus comb. nov.
Abstract A novel aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, pleomorphic, and rod-shaped bacterium designated KU5D5(T) was isolated from seawater that was obtained from the coastal region of the Goto Islands, Japan, on the basis of its ability to utilize cyclohexylacetate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Strain KU5D5(T) grew at pH 6.0-8.0 and 10-35 °C in the presence of 1.0-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this strain was affiliated to the family Rhodobacteraceae in the class Alphaproteobacteria and was related most closely to Lutimaribacter saemankumensis (96.6 % si...
Source: Current Microbiology - January 31, 2013 Category: Microbiology Authors: Iwaki H, Yasukawa N, Fujioka M, Takada K, Hasegawa Y Tags: Curr Microbiol Source Type: research

MECHANISMS OF DECREASE IN FRACTIONAL EXHALED NITRIC OXIDE DURING ACUTE BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.
In conclusion, the changes in airway caliber induced by non-inflammatory stimuli alters NO transport in the lung. The changes in NO dynamics are limited to conductive airways and are characterized by a reduction of NO flow to luminal space. PMID: 23370456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cattoni I, Guarnieri G, Tosetto A, Mason P, Scarpa MC, Saetta M, Maestrelli P Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Simulation-based Bronchoscopy Training: systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Simulation-based bronchoscopy training is effective in comparison with no intervention. Comparative effectiveness studies are few. PMID: 23370487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kennedy CC, Maldonado F, Cook DA Tags: Chest Source Type: research

COPD Patients with Higher Levels of Anxiety Are More Physically Active.
CONCLUSIONS: The increased PA associated with anxiety in COPD is a novel finding. However, it is unclear whether anxious COPD patients are more restless with increased psychomotor activity as a coping mechanism or whether those with COPD who push themselves to be more physically active experience more anxiety symptoms. Future studies should evaluate for anxiety and PA to better inform how to improve clinical outcomes. PMID: 23370503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Nguyen HQ, Fan VS, Herting J, Lee J, Fu M, Chen Z, Borson S, Kohen R, Matute-Bello G, Pagalilauan G, Adams SG Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Interobserver variability in grading transbronchial lung biopsies after lung transplantation.
CONCLUSION: These results expand upon previous reports of interobserver variability in grading transbronchial biopsies after lung transplantation. Given the variability in the grading transbronchial biopsies, we advocate further education of the histopathologic findings in lung transplant biopsies as well as revisiting the current criteria for grading transbronchial biopsies in order to improve concordance among lung transplant pathologists. PMID: 23370547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Bhorade SM, Husain AN, Liao C, Li LC, Ahya VN, Baz MA, Valentine VG, Love RB, Seethamraju H, Alex CG, Bag R, Deoliveira NC, Vigneswaran WT, Garrity ER, Arcasoy SM Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Iloprost Improves Gas Exchange in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension and ARDS.
CONCLUSIONS: The improvement in gas exchange without any detrimental effects on pulmonary mechanics or systemic hemodynamics suggests nebulized iloprost may be a useful therapeutic agent to improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS.ClinTrials.gov NCT01274481. PMID: 23370599 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sawheny E, Ellis AL, Kinasewitz GT Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Clinical features and outcomes in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: CPFE was identified in 8% of patients with IPF and is a distinct clinical phenotype with potential therapies that remain underutilized. CPFE and non-CPFE IPF patients have similar mortality. PMID: 23370641 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ryerson CJ, Hartman T, Elicker BM, Ley B, Lee JS, Abbritti M, Jones KD, King TE, Ryu J, Collard HR Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Arm Elevation and Coordinated Breathing Strategies in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
CONCLUSION: A specific breathing strategy, exhalation during the lift, improved task performance. Co-ordinating exhalation with lifting may be of value to hyperinflated patients with COPD engaged in arm and shoulder training exercise or daily activities that involve arm elevation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00836108. PMID: 23370697 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dolmage TE, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Hill K, Price S, Brooks D, Goldstein RS Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Cortical tibial osteoperiosteal flap technique to achieve bony bridge in transtibial amputation: experience in nine adult patients.
Abstract Amputation, especially of the lower limbs, is a surgical procedure that gives excellent results when conducted under the appropriate conditions. In 1949 Ertl developed a technique for transtibial osteomyoplastic amputation which restored the intraosseous pressure through canal obliteration and expanded the area of terminal support through a bony bridge between the fibula and distal tibia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a modification of the original Ertl's technique in which a cortical osteoperiosteal flap created from the tibia is used to form a bony bridge during transtibia...
Source: Respiratory Care - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mongon ML, Piva FA, Mistro Neto S, Carvalho JA, Belangero WD, Livani B Tags: Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr Source Type: research

Diminazene Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension and Improves Angiogenic Progenitor Cell Functions in Experimental Models.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a therapeutic potential of DIZE in PH therapy. PMID: 23370913 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Shenoy V, Gjymishka A, Yagna J, Qi Y, Afzal A, Rigatto K, Ferreira AJ, Fraga-Silva RA, Kearns P, Yellowlees Douglas J, Agarwal D, Mubarak KK, Bradford C, Kennedy WR, Jun JY, Rathinasabapathy A, Bruce E, Gupta D, Cardounel AJ, Mocco J, Patel JM, Francis J, Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Pathogenic Bacteria Colonizing the Airways in Asymptomatic Neonates Stimulates Topical Inflammatory Mediator Release.
CONCLUSION: M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae colonization of the airways of asymptomatic neonates is associated with an inflammatory immune response profile of the airway mucosa which may result in chronic inflammation. PMID: 23370914 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Følsgaard NV, Schjørring S, Chawes BL, Rasmussen MA, Krogfelt K, Brix S, Bisgaard H Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Inhaled Corticosteroids in Lung Diseases.
Abstract Inhaled corticosteroids are used extensively in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease due to their demonstrated efficacy in reducing exacerbations and improving overall control. Their beneficial effect is based on their broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The available inhaled corticosteroids vary in their therapeutic index based on individual drug potency, pharmacokinetics and specific delivery system. Although ICS are used in all age groups including children, younger and smaller children may be at a greater risk for adverse systemic effects as they can receive h...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Raissy HH, Kelly HW, Harkins M, Szefler SJ Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Controlled Human Infection and Re-Challenge with Streptococcus Pneumoniae Reveals the Protective Efficacy of Carriage in Healthy Adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Experimental human carriage resulted in mucosal and systemic immunological responses that conferred protection against re-colonization and invasive pneumococcal disease. These data suggest that mucosal pneumococcal vaccination strategies maybe important for vulnerable patient groups, particularly the elderly, who do not sustain carriage. PMID: 23370916 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ferreira DM, Neill DR, Bangert M, Gritzfeld JF, Green N, Wright AK, Pennington SH, Moreno LB, Moreno AT, Miyaji EN, Wright AD, Collins AM, Goldblatt D, Kadioglu A, Gordon SB Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Comparison of the Berlin Definition for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Autopsy.
CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological findings were correlated to severity and duration of ARDS. Using clinical criteria the revised Berlin definition for ARDS allowed the identification of severe ARDS of more 72 hours as a homogeneous group of patients characterized by a high proportion of DAD. PMID: 23370917 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P, Rodriguez JM, Aramburu JA, Peñuelas O, Cortés-Puch I, Cardinal-Fernández P, Lorente JA, Frutos-Vivar F Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Asthma in patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection--United States, 2009
The objective was to compare characteristics of hospitalized pH1N1 patients with and without asthma and assess factors associated with severity among asthma patients. Methods: Patient data were derived from two 2009 pandemic case-series of U.S. pH1N1 hospitalizations. A case was defined as a person >= 2 years old hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed pH1N1. Asthma status was determined through chart review. Results: Among 473 cases, 29% had asthma. Persons with asthma were more likely to be 2--17 years old (39% vs. 30%, p = 0.04) and black (29% vs. 18%, p < 0.01), and have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13% vs. 9%...
Source: BMC Infectious Diseases - January 31, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: John McKennaAnna BramleyJacek SkarbinskiAlicia FryLyn FinelliSeema Jain Source Type: research

Subclassification of chronic rhinosinusitis
ConclusionsWell‐characterized and distinct groups of CRS have been defined for targeted treatment and research studies. Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 2013
Source: The Laryngoscope - January 31, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Joseph K. Han Tags: Allergy/Rhinology: Triological Society Candidate Thesis Source Type: research

Analysis of different model-based approaches for estimating dFRC for real-time application
Conclusions: The results suggest that model-based, single breath and non-invasive approaches to estimating dFRC may be viable in a clinical scenario, ensuring no interruption to MV. The models provide a means of estimating dFRC at any PEEP level. However, model limitations and large estimation errors limit the use of the methods at very low PEEP.
Source: BioMedical Engineering OnLine - January 31, 2013 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Erwin van DrunenJ ChaseYeong ChiewGeoffrey ShawThomas Desaive Source Type: research

The Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency in Athletes
Vitamin D acts to maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis within the body. It is now estimated that 1 billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient. This problem is particularly important to athletes of all ages, as vitamin D plays a significant role in bone health, immune function, and physical performance. In the deficient state, the athlete may be at an increased risk for potential problems such as stress fractures, respiratory infections, and muscle injuries. The purpose of this article is to examine vitamin D deficiency and review its relationship to the athlete.
Source: The American Journal of Sports Medicine - January 31, 2013 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Angeline, M. E., Gee, A. O., Shindle, M., Warren, R. F., Rodeo, S. A. Tags: Epidemiology, Muscle, Nonoperative Current Concepts Source Type: research

An interesting application of lung ultrasonography
In the previous issue of Critical Care, Raimondi and colleagues investigate whether lung ultrasonography has utility for the assessment of respiratory distress in the neonate. This commentary reviews the results and implications of their study.
Source: BioMed Central - January 31, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Paul H Mayo Source Type: research

Obstructive sleep apnea: should weight loss be prescribed?
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine , February 2013, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pages 1-3.
Source: Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine - January 30, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: article Source Type: research

Review article: extubation of the difficult airway and extubation failure.
Abstract Respiratory complications after tracheal extubation are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, suggesting that process improvements in this clinical area are needed. The decreased rate of respiratory adverse events occurring during tracheal intubation since the implementation of guidelines for difficult airway management supports the value of education and guidelines in advancing clinical practice. Accurate use of terms in defining concepts and describing distinct clinical conditions is paramount to facilitating understanding and fostering education in the treatment of tracheal extubation-rel...
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - January 30, 2013 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Cavallone LF, Vannucci A Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: research

New technique to identify cause of respiratory illnesses
Georgia Regents Health System physicians have developed what they say is a quick, thorough method to identify the viruses and bacteria causing respiratory illness. Within an hour, the technique, called polymerase chain reaction (PCR), determines which of 21 common viruses and bacteria are causing coughing, hacking, wheezing and other respiratory symptoms. That information tells physicians how best to treat – or not treat – the illness. It’s also giving physicians an accurate snapshot of circulating…
Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Hospitals headlines - January 30, 2013 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Urvaksh Karkaria Source Type: research