Respiratory Medicine Research This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 18.

Accessible and diverse educational strategies
The art of medicine consists of amusing the patient while nature cures the disease. ∼Voltaire We would like to think much progress has been made over the last 300 years in medicine. These include chest radiographs, antibiotics, computer imaging and of course electronic billing for those in private practice. Beyond the tools of the trade there is the approach to teaching and learning that is so fundamental to medicine. Varying phenotypes of physicians as clinicians and educators have been previously suggested, but clearly these only apply to colleagues working at other institutions. In recognition of the fact that others...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A. Fitzgerald Tags: Main Editorial Source Type: research

High-Dose N-Acetylcysteine in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: the 1-Year, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled HIACE Study.
CONCLUSION: 1-year treatment with high-dose NAC resulted in significantly improved small airways function and decreased exacerbation frequency in patients with stable COPD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov ID # NCT01136239. PMID: 23348146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tse HN, Raiteri L, Wong KY, Yee KS, Ng LY, Wai KY, Loo CK, Houng CM Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Toll-like receptor 3 stimulation causes corticosteroid-refractory airway neutrophilia and hyperresponsiveness in mice.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TLR3 stimulation is involved in corticosteroid refractory airway inflammation in lung, which is enhanced by cigarette smoking, and this may provide a model for understanding virus induced exacerbations in COPD and their therapy. PMID: 23348232 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kimura G, Ueda K, Eto S, Watanabe Y, Masuko T, Kusama T, Barnes PJ, Ito K, Kizawa Y Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Comorbid Conditions and Outcomes in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A REVEAL Registry Analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other analyzed comorbidities in PAH patients, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and COPD were associated with significantly worse 6MWD; obesity and COPD with worse FC; and diabetes and COPD with increased risk of death. Further investigation of the effects of treating these comorbidities in patients with PAH is warranted. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00370214. PMID: 23348820 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Poms AM, Turner M, Farber HW, Meltzer LA, McGoon MD Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Airway Vascular Endothelial Function in Healthy Smokers without Systemic Endothelial Dysfunction.
CONCLUSION: Healthy smokers with no signs of systemic inflammation or endothelial dysfunction, display impaired airway vascular endothelial function, possibly preceding systemic endothelial dysfunction. Airway endothelial function was restored with an ICS and the response was directly related to the severity of endothelial dysfunction. PMID: 23348843 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mendes ES, Cancado JE, Rebolledo P, Arana J, Parker M, Gonzalez A, Hurwitz BE, Wanner A Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Is an endotracheal routine cultures-based strategy the best way to prescribe antibiotics in ventilator-associated pneumonia?
CONCLUSION: the ATS/IDSA guidelines-based approach was more accurate than the ETA-based strategy, for prescribing appropriate initial empiric antibiotics in VAP, unless a sample is available ≤2 days of the onset of VAP. The ETA-based strategy led to fewer prescribed antimicrobial days. PMID: 23348886 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Luna CM, Sarquis S, Niederman M, Sosa A, Otaola M, Bailleau N, Vay CA, Famiglietti A, Irrazabal C, Capdevila A Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Sildenafil Preserves Exercise Capacity in IPF Patients with Right Ventricular Dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil treatment in IPF with RVSD results in better preservation of exercise capacity as compared to placebo; sildenafil also improves quality of life in subjects with RVH and RVSD. PMID: 23348910 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Han MK, Bach DS, Hagan P, Yow E, Flaherty K, Toews GB, Anstrom KJ, Martinez FJ Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Prognostic factors and the significance of treatment after recurrence in completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer.
CONCLUSION: PRT, gender and differentiation were independently associated with PRS. In the patients who underwent any PRT, PRS was related to EGFR-TKIs, chemotherapy, histology, and initial recurrence sites. One challenge for the future will be to create systematic treatment strategies for recurrent NSCLC according to the risk factor status of individual patients. PMID: 23348916 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Shimada Y, Saji H, Yoshida K, Kakihana M, Honda H, Nomura M, Usuda J, Kajiwara N, Ohira T, Ikeda N Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Validation of an Interventional Pulmonary Examination.
CONCLUSION A validated MCQ examination can measure IP knowledge. PMID: 23348963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lee HJ, Feller-Kopman D, Shepherd RW, Almeida FA, Bechara R, Berkowitz D, Chawla M, Folch E, Haas A, Gillespie C, Lee R, Majid A, Malhotra R, Musani A, Puchalski J, Sterman D, Yarmus L Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
CONCLUSION: In patients hospitalized with an acute exacerbation impaired cognitive function is associated with worse health status and greater hospital length of stay. A significant proportion of patients are discharged home with unrecognized mild-severe cognitive impairment, which may not improve with recovery. PMID: 23349026 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dodd JW, Charlton RA, van den Broek MD, Jones PW Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Biodegradable cisplatin-eluting Tracheal Stent for malignant airway obstruction: In vivo and in vitro studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the biodegradable stents provided physical properties comparable to the properties of SEMs and a sustained release of cisplatin for more than 5 weeks, which showed great potential in the treatment of malignant airway obstruction. PMID: 23349039 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Chao YK, Liu KS, Wang YC, Huang YL, Liu SJ Tags: Chest Source Type: research

Outcomes of Morbidly Obese Patients Receiving Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Nationwide Analysis.
CONCLUSION: Morbidly obese persons undergoing IMV have similar risk of death than non obese persons if only respiratory failure is present. When more organs fail, they have increased mortality. PMID: 23349057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Chest - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kumar G, Majumdar T, Jacobs E, Danesh V, Dagar G, Deshmukh A, Taneja A, Nanchal R Tags: Chest Source Type: research

The Lung Microbiota and Bacterial Abundance in Patients With Bronchiectasis When Clinically Stable and During Exacerbation.
CONCLUSIONS: A complex microbiota is present in the lungs of bronchiectasis patients which remains stable through treatment of exacerbations suggesting that changes in microbiota composition do not account for exacerbations. PMID: 23348972 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Tunney MM, Einarsson GG, Wei L, Drain M, Klem ER, Cardwell C, Ennis M, Boucher RC, Wolfgang MC, Elborn JS Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

β2-Agonist Therapy in Lung Disease.
Abstract β2-Agonists are effective bronchodilators due primarily to their ability to relax airway smooth muscle (ASM). They exert their effects via their binding to the active site of β2-adrenoceptors on ASM, which triggers a signaling cascade that results in a number of events, all of which contribute to relaxation of ASM. There are some differences between β2-agonists. Traditional inhaled short-acting β2-agonists, albuterol, fenoterol and terbutaline, provide rapid as-needed symptom relief and short-term prophylactic protection against bronchoconstriction induced by exercise or other stimuli. The twice daily ...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cazzola M, Page CP, Rogliani P, Matera MG Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Effects of Prone Positioning on Lung Protection in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS: Prone positioning enhances lung recruitment and decreases alveolar instability and hyperinflation observed at high PEEP in ARDS patients. PMID: 23348974 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cornejo RA, Diaz JC, Tobar EA, Bruhn AR, Ramos CA, Gonzalez RA, Repetto CA, Romero CM, Gálvez LR, Llanos O, Arellano DH, Neira WR, Diaz GA, Zamorano AJ, Pereira GL Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Mechanisms of Cardiac and Renal Dysfunction in Patients Dying of Sepsis.
CONCLUSIONS: Cell death is rare in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction but cardiomyocyte injury occurs. Renal tubular injury is common in sepsis but present focally; most renal tubular cells appeared normal. The degree of cell injury and death does not account for severity of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. PMID: 23348975 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Takasu O, Gaut JP, Watanabe E, To K, Fagley RE, Sato B, Jarman S, Efimov IR, Janks DL, Srivastava A, Bhayani SB, Drewry A, Swanson PE, Hotchkiss RS Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Physiological Basis and Methodological Concerns.
Abstract Exercise stresses the pulmonary circulation through increases in cardiac output and left atrial pressure. Invasive as well as non-invasive studies in healthy volunteers show that the slope of mean pulmonary artery pressure-flow relationships ranges from 0.5 to 3 mmHg.L.min-1. The upper limit of normal of mean pulmonary artery pressure at exercise thus approximates 30 mmHg at a cardiac output of less than 10 L.min-1, or a total pulmonary vascular resistance at exercise of less than 3 Wood units. Left atrial pressure increases at exercise with an average upstream transmission to pulmonary artery pressure in ...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Naeije R, Vanderpool R, Dhakal BP, Saggar R, Saggar R, Vachiery JL, Lewis GD Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Characteristics of Lung Cancers Detected by Computer Tomography Screening in the Randomized NELSON Trial.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite stringent criteria for a positive screening, an increasing length of the screening interval and few female participants, the screening strategy of the NELSON trial resulted in a favorable cancer stage distribution at diagnosis, which is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of our screening strategy. PMID: 23348977 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Horeweg N, van der Aalst CM, Thunnissen E, Nackaerts K, Weenink C, Groen HJ, Lammers JW, Aerts JG, Scholten ET, van Rosmalen J, Mali W, Oudkerk M, de Koning HJ Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Hemodynamic Predictors of Mortality in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease.
CONCLUSION: Mortality in adults with SCD and PH is proportional to the physiological severity of pre-capillary PH, demonstrating its prognostic and clinical relevance despite anemia-induced high cardiac output and less severely elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID: 23348978 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mehari A, Alam S, Tian X, Cuttica MJ, Barnett CF, Miles G, Xu D, Seamon C, Adams-Graves P, Castro OL, Minniti CP, Sachdev V, Taylor Vi JG, Kato GJ, Machado RF Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Early Identification of Patients at Risk for Difficult Intubation in ICU: Development and validation of the MACOCHA Score in a Multicenter Cohort Study.
CONCLUSIONS: Difficult intubation in ICU is strongly associated with severe life-threatening complications. A simple score including seven clinical items provides good prediction of difficult intubation in ICU. PMID: 23348979 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: De Jong A, Molinari N, Terzi N, Mongardon N, Arnal JM, Guitton C, Allaouchiche B, Paugam-Burtz C, Constantin JM, Lefrant JY, Leone M, Papazian L, Asehnoune K, Maziers N, Azoulay E, Pradel G, Jung B, Jaber S, AzuRéa Network for the FridaRéa study group Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

A Multicentre Randomised Trial of Atorvastatin Therapy in Intensive Care Patients with Severe Sepsis.
CONCLUSIONS: Atorvastatin therapy in severe sepsis did not affect IL-6 levels. Prior statin use was associated with a lower baseline IL-6 concentration and continuation of atorvastatin in this cohort was associated with improved survival. Clinical trial registration information available at http://www.anzctr.org.au, i.d. = ACTRN12607000028404. PMID: 23348980 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kruger P, Bailey M, Bellomo R, Cooper DJ, Harward M, Higgins A, Howe B, Jones D, Joyce C, Kostner K, McNeil J, Nichol A, Roberts MS, Syres G, Venkatesh B, The ANZ- STATInS Investigators - ANZICS Clinical Trials Group Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

[Clinical impact of introducing ventilation with high flow oxygen in the treatment of bronchiolitis in a paediatric ward.]
CONCLUSIONS: High-flow ventilation therapy achieved a significant improvement in heart rate, respiratory rate, and scale of severity in patients with bronchiolitis. This novel therapeutic strategy allows safe management of bronchiolitis patients in the regular ward, reducing admissions to the PICU. PMID: 23352386 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Anales de Pediatria - January 24, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: González Martínez F, González Sánchez MI, Rodríguez Fernández R Tags: An Pediatr (Barc) Source Type: research

A phase 2 open-label safety and immunogenicity study of a meningococcal B bivalent rLP2086 vaccine in healthy adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Bivalent rLP2086 is a promising vaccine candidate for broad protection against MnB disease-causing strains. PMID: 23352429 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vaccine - January 24, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marshall HS, Richmond PC, Nissen MD, Wouters A, Baber J, Jiang Q, Anderson AS, Jones TR, Harris SL, Jansen KU, Perez JL Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

PKA Iα Regulates Na,K-ATPase Endocytosis in Alveolar Epithelial Cells Exposed to High CO2 Levels.
Abstract Elevated levels of CO2 (hypercapnia) leads to alveolar epithelial dysfunction by promoting Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. In the present report, we studied whether the CO2/HCO3- activated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) regulates this process. We found that hypercapnia increased the production of cAMP and stimulated PKA activity via sAC, which was necessary for Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. During hypercapnia, cAMP was mainly produced in specific micro-domains at the proximity of the plasma membrane leading to PKA type Iα activation. In alveolar epithelial cells exposed to high CO2 levels, PKA type Iα regulated the ...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 24, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Lecuona E, Sun H, Chen J, Trejo HE, Baker MA, Sznajder JI Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Macrophage A2A Adenosinergic Receptor (ADORA2A) Modulates Oxygen-Induced Augmentation of Murine Lung Injury.
Conclusions: ADORA2A is protective against lung injury after LPS and oxygen. Oxygen after LPS increases macrophage activation to augment lung injury by inhibiting the ADORA2A pathway. PMID: 23349051 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 24, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Aggarwal NR, D'Alessio FR, Eto Y, Chau E, Avalos C, Waickman AT, Garibaldi BT, Mock JR, Files DC, Sidhaye V, Polotsky VY, Powell J, Horton M, King LS Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Pulmonary NKT Cells Play an Essential Role in Mediating Hyperoxic Acute LungInjury.
Abstract Critically ill patients are routinely exposed to high levels of supplemental oxygen for prolonged periods of time, which can be life saving in the short term but also causes severe lung injury and increases mortality. To address this therapeutic dilemma, we have studied mechanisms of tissue-damaging effects of oxygen in mice. Unexpectedly, we show that the pulmonary natural killer T-(iNKT) cells, are crucial for the development of acute oxygen induced lung injury. iNKT cells express high levels of the ectonucleotidase CD39 which regulates their state of activation. Both iNKT cell deficient (Jα18-/-) as we...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 24, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Nowak-Machen M, Schmelzle M, Hanidziar D, Junger W, Exley M, Otterbein L, Wu Y, Csizmadia E, Doherty G, Sitkovsky M, Robson SC Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Fine Characterization of the Recurrent c.1584+18672A>G Deep-Intronic Mutation in the CFTR Gene.
Fine Characterization of the Recurrent c.1584+18672A>G Deep-Intronic Mutation in the CFTR Gene. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013 Jan 24; Authors: Costantino L, Rusconi D, Soldà G, Seia M, Paracchini V, Porcaro L, Asselta R, Colombo C, Duga S Abstract Splicing mutations account for ∼12% of the 1,890 CFTR mutations described in cystic fibrosis (CF); however, their impact on pre-mRNA processing frequently remains unclear. An interesting opportunity to study CFTR transcripts in vivo is the use of RNA from nasal brushings. We previously identified through this approach a deep-intronic mutation (c.1584+18672...
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - January 24, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Costantino L, Rusconi D, Soldà G, Seia M, Paracchini V, Porcaro L, Asselta R, Colombo C, Duga S Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Andean and Tibetan patterns of adaptation to high altitude
ConclusionsThese results contribute to our understanding of the unique set of adaptations developed in different highland groups to the hypoxia of high altitude. Overall, the results provide key insights into the patterns of geneticadaptation to high altitude in Andean and Tibetan populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: American Journal of Human Biology - January 24, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Abigail W. Bigham, Megan J. Wilson, Colleen G. Julian, Melisa Kiyamu, Enrique Vargas, Fabiola Leon‐Velarde, Maria Rivera‐Chira, Carmelo Rodriquez, Vaughn A. Browne, Esteban Parra, Tom D. Brutsaert, Lorna G. Moore, Mark D. Shriver Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

EVIDENCE FOR DISTINCT GENETIC EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPONSE TO 35% CO2
ConclusionsThese data suggest that there are distinct genetic factors associated with responsivity to respiratory stimulation via 35% CO2.
Source: Depression and Anxiety - January 24, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Roxann Roberson‐Nay, Sara Moruzzi, Anna Ogliari, Elettra Pezzica, Kristian Tambs, Kenneth S. Kendler, Marco Battaglia Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Inhibition of neutrophil elastase attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a mouse model of secondary allergen challenge: neutrophil elastase inhibition attenuates allergic airway responses
Conclusion: These data indicate that neutrophil elastase plays an important role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and would suggest that the neutrophil elastase inhibitor reduced AHR to inhaled methacholine indicating the potential for its use as a modulator of the immune/inflammatory response in both the neutrophil- and eosinophil-dominant phases of the response to secondary allergen challenge.
Source: Respiratory Research - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hikari KogaNobuaki MiyaharaYasuko FuchimotoGenyo IkedaKoichi WasedaKatsuichiro OnoYasushi TanimotoMikio KataokaErwin GelfandMitsune TanimotoArihiko Kanehiro Source Type: research

Translation and validation of Berlin questionnaire in primary health care in Greece
Conclusions: In conclusion, the Greek Version of the BQ is a useful instrument for identifying patients at risk for OSAS in primary health care in Greece. The findings of our study confirm that such screening tools should be used by primary care clinicians for OSAS prediction.
Source: BMC Pulmonary Medicine - Latest articles - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Izolde BouloukakiIoannis KomninosCharalampos MermigkisKaterina MicheliMaria KomninouVioleta MoniakiEleni MauroudiNikolaos SiafakasSophia Schiza Source Type: research

Management of patients with chronic cough using a clinical protocol: a prospective observational study
Conclusion: It is possible to manage a majority of chronic cough patients successfully using a protocol based on presenting symptoms and therapeutic trials for the common causes of cough.
Source: Cough - January 24, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Josephine OjooCaroline EverettSiobhain MulrennanShoaib FaruqiJack KastelikAlyn Morice Source Type: research

Association of proximity to polluting industries, deprivation and mortality in small areas of the Basque Country (Spain)
Conclusion: There is a higher proportion of more deprived census sections around polluting industries in the Basque Country. Risks of mortality associated with proximity to polluting industries tend to be higher in more deprived areas.
Source: The European Journal of Public Health - January 24, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cambra, K., Martinez-Rueda, T., Alonso-Fustel, E., Cirarda, F. B., Audicana, C., Esnaola, S., Ibanez, B. Tags: Miscellaneous Source Type: research

BET 1: Cricoid pressure in emergency rapid sequence induction
Report by: John Butler, Consultant in Emergency Medicine/Critical Care Search checked by: Ayan Sen Institution: Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK Abstract A short-cut review was carried out to establish whether the application of cricoid pressure during the induction of general anaesthesia reduced the incidence of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents. One good quality review article, two studies and two abstracts provided the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of ...
Source: Emergency Medicine Journal - January 24, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: EMJ Best evidence topic reports, Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Trauma CNS / PNS, Other anaesthesia, Trauma Source Type: research

Comparison of overlapping (OP) and adjacent thumb positions (AP) for cardiac compressions using the encircling method in infants
Conclusion Higher intrathoracic pressures were achieved by OP in this study. However, further studies are needed to validate these effects of overlapping thumbs technique in infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation, not manikin.
Source: Emergency Medicine Journal - January 24, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Lim, J. S., Cho, Y., Ryu, S., Lee, J. W., Kim, S., Yoo, I.-S., You, Y., Lee, B. K., Min, J. H., Jeong, W. J. Tags: Hypertension, Resuscitation Original articles Source Type: research

Safety profile and outcome of mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients following cardiac arrest: systematic review and meta-analysis
Evidence has shown that mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) could improve survival and neurological outcome in patients following cardiac arrest. But this therapy may cause some adverse effects. The authors sought to take a systematic approach to describe the safety aspects and outcome of MTH following cardiac arrest to help clinical practice. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, BIOSIS Previews and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to June 2011. Bibliographies of relevant studies were also reviewed. Comparative studies reporting the mortality or any other studies reporting any kind of adve...
Source: Emergency Medicine Journal - January 24, 2013 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Xiao, G., Guo, Q., Shu, M., Xie, X., Deng, J., Zhu, Y., Wan, C. Tags: Bradyarrhythmias and heart block, Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Coma and raised intracranial pressure, Pneumonia (respiratory medicine) Review Source Type: research

Extravascular lung water and the pulmonary vascular permeability index may improve the definition of ARDS
The recent Berlin definition has made some improvements in the older definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although the concepts and components of the definition remained largely unchanged. In an effort to improve both predictive and face validity, the Berlin panel has examined a number of additional measures that may reflect increased pulmonary vascular permeability, including extravascular lung water. The panel concluded that although extravascular lung water has improved face validity and higher values are associated with mortality, it is infeasible to mandate on the basis of availability and the fac...
Source: Critical Care - January 24, 2013 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Azriel Perel Source Type: research

Expression of the ghrelin receptor gene in neurons of the medulla oblongata of the rat
Abstract There is ambiguity concerning the distribution of neurons that express the ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the medulla oblongata. In the current study we have used a sensitive non‐radioactive method to investigate GHSR mRNA distribution by in situ hybridization. Strong expression of the GHSR gene was confirmed in neurons of the facial nucleus (FacN, 7), the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and the semi‐compact (but not compact) nucleus ambiguus (AmbSC and AmbC). In addition, expression of GHSR was found in other regions, where it had not been described before. GHSR‐positive neurons were observed in the gustatory rostra...
Source: The Journal of Comparative Neurology - January 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Romke Bron, Lei Yin, Domenico Russo, John B. Furness Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Lung Diseases: Oasis or Mirage
Respiration (DOI:10.1159/000346642)
Source: Respiration - January 23, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Reversal of pulmonary hypertension in children after adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy
Abstract: Introduction: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common condition in pediatric patients with upper respiratory airways complaints, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may be one complication of that condition.Objectives: To study the occurrence of PAH (mean pulmonary artery pressure higher than or equal to 25mmHg) in a group of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and upper respiratory complaints (snoring or oral breathing), and to verify the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) changes after adenotonsillectomy.Study design: Case–control prospective study.Settings: Study conducted at São Lucas Hospital, ap...
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Viviane Feller Martha, José da Silva Moreira, Aline Silveira Martha, Flávio José Velho, Renato George Eick, Sandro Cadaval Goncalves Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

Future of pediatric tonsillectomy and perioperative outcomes
Conclusion: Tonsillectomy in children carries a high risk of perioperative complications and malpractice claims. Though postoperative bleeding is the most common complication associated with malpractice claims, anoxia related to anesthesia and opioids had the greatest overall risk from a monetary standpoint.
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology - January 23, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Rajeev Subramanyam, Anna Varughese, J. Paul Willging, Senthilkumar Sadhasivam Tags: Research papers Source Type: research

A Bayesian Phylogeographical Analysis of Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)
This study also provided statistical evidence for the existence of an ORF5‐based phylogeographical structure of type 1 PRRSV, in which the virus tended to cluster by geographical locations more tightly than expected by chance. In contrast to this tight geographical structure, the evolution of the ORF5 gene, based on mapping of non‐synonymous/synonymous substitutions, was best described by a non‐homogeneous process that could be implicated as a mechanism for viral immune evasion.
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - January 23, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: V. G. Nguyen, H. K. Kim, H. J. Moon, S. J. Park, H. C. Chung, M. K. Choi, B. K. Park Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Longitudinal Measurements of Oxygen Consumption in Growing Infants during the First Weeks after Birth: Old Data Revisited.
Conclusions: Generation of RIs for minimal rates of V·O(2) in growing infants from the 1960s was enabled by application of mixed-effects statistical models for analyses of longitudinal data. Results apply to the precaffeine era of neonatal care. PMID: 23364102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neonatology - January 23, 2013 Category: Perinatology & Neonatology Authors: Sinclair JC, Thorlund K, Walter SD Tags: Neonatology Source Type: research

Iatrogenic Tracheal Stenosis Presenting as Persistent Asthma.
We report a case of tracheal stenosis that developed after a brief period of endotracheal intubation that was misdiagnosed and treated as asthma and panic attacks. PMID: 23345469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Respiratory Care - January 23, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Barreiro TJ, Ghattas C, Valino CA Tags: Respir Care Source Type: research

Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction For Pulmonary Emphysema: Preliminary Experience With Endobronchial Occluder.
Conclusions:The preliminary study demonstrates early significant improvements in pulmonary function, 6MWD test, dyspnea grades, BODE index, Quality-of-life, and ease of placement and acceptable safety post BLVR with SEEOs. But the initial improvements were only maintained long term for a minority of patients. PMID: 23345470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Respiratory Care - January 23, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Song L, Zhao F, Ti X, Chen W, Wang G, Wu C, Li Y Tags: Respir Care Source Type: research

Inhaled corticosteroid effects on pneumonia severity and antimicrobial resistance.
Conclusions:Our results suggest that prior ICS use is associated with higher severity of illness at admission and increased incidence of antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogens in CAP hospitalized patients. PMID: 23345471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Respiratory Care - January 23, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sibila O, Laserna E, Mortensen EM, Anzueto A, Restrepo MI Tags: Respir Care Source Type: research

High cardiac vagal control protects against future depressive symptoms under conditions of high social support.
Abstract High cardiac vagal control (as measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) is associated with lower depression. Recent theories argue that people's responsiveness to social resources is a key mechanism in this association. This argument implies two hypotheses: first, high RSA should be related to decreased depressive symptoms only when social resources (social support) are available; second, utilization of available social resources (social engagement) should serve as a mechanism for the positive effects of RSA. To test these hypotheses, we measured RSA in 131 adults. Participants reported their social ...
Source: Biological Psychology - January 23, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hopp H, Shallcross AJ, Ford BQ, Troy AS, Wilhelm FH, Mauss IB Tags: Biol Psychol Source Type: research

The role of PPAR¿ in carbon nanotube-elicited granulomatous lung inflammation
Conclusions: Overall, data indicate that PPARγ deficiency promotes inflammation and granuloma formation, suggesting that PPARγ functions as a negative regulator of chronic granulomatous inflammation.
Source: Respiratory Research - January 23, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Isham HuizarAnagha MalurJanki PatelMatthew McPeekLarry DobbsChristopher WingardBarbara BarnaMary Jane Thomassen Source Type: research

The self-reported density of truck traffic on residential streets and the impact on asthma, hay fever and eczema in young adolescents.
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest an aggravating effect of truck traffic on current asthma symptoms, but not on asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema diagnoses. It seems that it probably has an impact as a direct respiratory irritant in early adolescence. PMID: 23352596 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia - January 23, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Vlaski E, Stavric K, Seckova L, Kimovska Hristova M, Isjanovska R Tags: Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) Source Type: research