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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 20.

Counteracting stem cell expansion during wound repair: Distinct roles of non-canonical Wnt and TGF-β
Abstract Comment on: Miyoshi H, et al. Science 2012; 338:108-13. PMID: 23324346 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Cycle - January 16, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Miyoshi H, Stappenbeck TS Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 signaling acts as a molecular switch between syngenic differentiation and neural transdifferentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells.
In this study, we unexpectedly found that treatment of human adipose- and bone marrow-derived MSCs with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, in particular CDK4 inhibitor, selectively led to transdifferentiation into neural cells with a high frequency. Specifically, targeted inhibition of CDK4 expression using recombinant adenovial shRNA induced the neural transdifferentiation of human MSCs. However, the inhibition of CDK4 activity attenuated the syngenic differentiation of human adipose-derived MSCs. Importantly, the forced regulation of CDK4 activity showed reciprocal reversibility between neural differentiation and d...
Source: Cell Cycle - January 16, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee J, Baek JH, Choi KS, Kim HS, Park HY, Ha GH, Park H, Lee KW, Lee CG, Yang DY, Moon HE, Paek SH, Lee CW Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Sorafenib selectively depletes human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells from primary cultures.
Abstract Glioblastomas are grade IV brain tumors characterized by high aggressiveness and invasiveness, giving patients a poor prognosis. We investigated the effects of the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib on six cultures isolated from human glioblastomas and maintained in tumor initiating cells-enriching conditions. These cell subpopulations are thought to be responsible for tumor recurrence and radio- and chemo-resistance, representing the perfect target for glioblastoma therapy. Sorafenib reduces proliferation of glioblastoma cultures, and this effect depends, at least in part, on the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ...
Source: Cell Cycle - January 16, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Carra E, Barbieri F, Marubbi D, Pattarozzi A, Favoni RE, Florio T, Daga A Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Conditioned Media Inhibits Hypoxic-Induced Apoptosis in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells and Cardiac Myocytes by Activation of the Survival Protein Akt.
Abstract We have previously demonstrated in acute myocardial infarctions that Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells (HUCBCs), which contain hematopoietic, endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells, reduce acute myocardial infarction size by ≥50% and preserve LV contractility. We hypothesize that the beneficial effects of HUCBCs are due to secretion of biologically active factors that activate in cardiac endothelial cells and myocytes the cell survival protein Akt. We determined by protein microarrays the growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by HUCBCs into culture media during 12 hours of hy...
Source: Cell Transplantation - January 16, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Jin H, Sanberg P, Henning RJ Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research

Hypothalamic tanycytes: potential roles in the control of feeding and energy balance.
Abstract Tanycytes, glial-like cells that line the third ventricle, are emerging as components of the hypothalamic networks that control body weight and energy balance. They contact the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and send processes that come into close contact with neurons in the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Tanycytes are glucosensitive and are able to respond to transmitters associated with arousal and the drive to feed. At least some tanycytes are stem cells and, in the median eminence, may be stimulated by diet to generate new neurons. The quest is on to understand how tanycytes detect and respon...
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - January 16, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bolborea M, Dale N Tags: Trends Neurosci Source Type: research

hTERT Gene Immortalized Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and its Multiple Differentiations: a Preliminary Investigation.
Abstract Human adipose-derived adult stem cells (hADSCs) can express human telomerase reverse transcriptase phenotypes under an appropriate culture condition. Because adipose tissue is abundant and easily accessible, hADSCs offer a promising source of stem cells for tissue engineering application and other cell-based therapies. However, the shortage of cells number and the difficulty to proliferate, known as the "Hayflick limit" in vitro, limit their further clinical application. Here, hADSCs were transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene by the lentiviral vector to prolong the lifespan o...
Source: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - January 16, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Wang L, Song K, Qu X, Wang H, Zhu H, Xu X, Zhang M, Tang Y, Yang X Tags: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Source Type: research

Genome-wide maps of polyadenylation reveal dynamic mRNA 3'-end formation in mammalian cell lineages.
Abstract Post-transcriptional regulation, often mediated by miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins at the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs, is implicated in important roles in the output of transcriptome. To decipher this layer of gene regulation, it is essential to measure global mRNA expression quantitatively in a 3'-UTR-specific manner. Here we establish an experimental and bioinformatics pipeline that simultaneously determines 3'-end formation by leveraging local nucleotide composition and quantitatively measures mRNA expression by sequencing polyadenylated transcripts. When applied to purified mouse embryonic ...
Source: RNA - January 16, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Wang L, Dowell RD, Yi R Tags: RNA Source Type: research

Fibroblast-Derived CCL2 Induces Cancer Stem Cells--Letter
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gunaydin, G., Dolen, Y., Kesikli, S. A. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

BMP Signaling Governs Mammary Tumor Stem Cell Activity
We report that ΔNp63α activates bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) signaling by inducing the expression of BMP7. Immunohistochemical analysis indicates that hyperactivation of BMP signaling is common in human breast cancers, most notably in the basal molecular subtype, as well as in several mouse models of breast cancer. Suppression of BMP signaling in vitro with LDN193189, a small-molecule inhibitor of BMP type I receptor kinases, represses clonogenicity and diminishes the cancer stem cell–enriched ALDH1+ population. Importantly, LDN193189 blocks reconstitution of mixed ALDH1+/ALDH1− cultures indicating that BMP signal...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Balboni, A. L., Hutchinson, J. A., DeCastro, A. J., Cherukuri, P., Liby, K., Sporn, M. B., Schwartz, G. N., Wells, W. A., Sempere, L. F., Yu, P. B., DiRenzo, J. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

NF-{kappa}B Regulates Cell Surface GRP78
In this study, we describe a novel mechanism of antiapoptosis by NF-κB, revealing that it can block PAR-4–mediated apoptosis by downregulating trafficking of the PAR-4 receptor GRP78 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NF-κB mediated this antiapoptotic mechanism by upregulating expression of UACA, a proinflammatory protein in certain disease settings. In clinical specimens of cancer, a strong correlation existed between NF-κB activity and UACA expression, relative to normal tissues. UACA bound to intracellular PAR-4 in diverse cancer cells, where it prevented tr...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Burikhanov, R., Shrestha-Bhattarai, T., Qiu, S., Shukla, N., Hebbar, N., Lele, S. M., Horbinski, C., Rangnekar, V. M. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

DLX4 Induces TOP2{alpha} but Reduces Sensitivity to TOP2 Poisons
In this study, we identified that TOP2A expression is induced by DLX4, a homeoprotein that is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers. Analysis of breast cancer datasets revealed that TOP2A-high cases that also highly expressed DLX4 responded more poorly to anthracycline-based chemotherapy than TOP2A-high cases that expressed DLX4 at low levels. Overexpression of TOP2A alone in tumor cells increased the level of DSBs induced by TOP2 poisons. In contrast, DLX4 reduced the level of TOP2 poison-induced DSBs irrespective of its induction of TOP2A. DLX4 did not stimulate homologous recombination–mediated repair of DSBs. H...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Trinh, B. Q., Ko, S. Y., Barengo, N., Lin, S.-Y., Naora, H. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

miR-204 Suppresses Glioma Stem Cell-like Phenotype
Phenotypic similarities have long been recognized between subpopulations of glioma and neural stem cells. Many of these similar properties, including the robust abilities to self-renew, migrate, and invade, are hallmarks of glioma cells that render them extremely aggressive. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this character, particularly in glioma stem-like cells that drive this disease, remain poorly understood. Here, we report the results of a differential miRNA expression screen that compared glioma and neural stem cells, where we found that miR-204 was markedly downregulated in both types of cells. Mechanisti...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ying, Z., Li, Y., Wu, J., Zhu, X., Yang, Y., Tian, H., Li, W., Hu, B., Cheng, S.-Y., Li, M. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

Novel Cell Lines and Prostate Cancer Progression
Herein, murine prostate cancer cell lines, generated via selective transduction with a single oncogene (c-Myc, Ha-Ras, and v-Src), showed oncogene-specific prostate cancer molecular signatures that were recapitulated in human prostate cancer and developed lung metastasis in immune-competent mice. Interrogation of two independent retrospective cohorts of patient samples using the oncogene signature showed an ability to distinguish tumor from normal prostate with a predictive value for prostate cancer of 98% to 99%. In a blinded study, the signature algorithm showed independent substratification of reduced recurrence-free su...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ju, X., Ertel, A., Casimiro, M. C., Yu, Z., Meng, H., McCue, P. A., Walters, R., Fortina, P., Lisanti, M. P., Pestell, R. G. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

DKK2 in Ewing Sarcoma Pathology
In this study, we identified the pro-metastatic gene DKK2 as a highly overexpressed gene in Ewing sarcoma compared with corresponding normal tissues. Using RNA interference, we showed that DKK2 was critical for malignant cell outgrowth in vitro and in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model in vivo. Analysis of invasion potential in both settings revealed a strong correlation of DKK2 expression to Ewing sarcoma invasiveness that may be mediated by the DKK effector matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Furthermore, gene expression analyses established the ability of DKK2 to differentially regulate genes such as CXCR4, PTHrP, RUNX2...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hauer, K., Calzada-Wack, J., Steiger, K., Grunewald, T. G. P., Baumhoer, D., Plehm, S., Buch, T., da Costa, O. P., Esposito, I., Burdach, S., Richter, G. H. S. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

BM11-AURKA Axis in Cancer Progression
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is widely considered a hallmark of cancer, but its precise roles in cancer stem cells (CSC) and malignant progression remain uncertain. BMI1 is a member of the Polycomb group of chromatin-modifier proteins that is essential for stem cell self-renewal. In human cancers, BMI1 overexpression drives stem-like properties associated with induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) that promotes invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Here, we report that BMI1 mediates its diverse effects through upregulation of the mitotic kinase Aurora A, which is encoded by the AURKA gene. Two mechani...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Chou, C.-H., Yang, N.-K., Liu, T.-Y., Tai, S.-K., Hsu, D. S.-S., Chen, Y.-W., Chen, Y.-J., Chang, C.-C., Tzeng, C.-H., Yang, M.-H. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

Molecular Determinants for PCa Cell Breaching of BMEC
Advanced prostate cancer commonly metastasizes to bone, but transit of malignant cells across the bone marrow endothelium (BMEC) remains a poorly understood step in metastasis. Prostate cancer cells roll on E-selectin+ BMEC through E-selectin ligand-binding interactions under shear flow, and prostate cancer cells exhibit firm adhesion to BMEC via β1, β4, and αVβ3 integrins in static assays. However, whether these discrete prostate cancer cell–BMEC adhesive contacts culminate in cooperative, step-wise transendothelial migration into bone is not known. Here, we describe how metastatic prostate cancer cells breach BMEC ...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Barthel, S. R., Hays, D. L., Yazawa, E. M., Opperman, M., Walley, K. C., Nimrichter, L., Burdick, M. M., Gillard, B. M., Moser, M. T., Pantel, K., Foster, B. A., Pienta, K. J., Dimitroff, C. J. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

ZMIZ1 Collaborates with NOTCH1 in T-ALL
Activating NOTCH1 mutations are found in 50% to 60% of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples. In mouse models, these mutations generally fail to induce leukemia. This observation suggests that NOTCH1 activation must collaborate with other genetic events. Mutagenesis screens previously implicated ZMIZ1 as a possible NOTCH1 collaborator in leukemia. ZMIZ1 is a transcriptional coactivator of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS)-like family. Its role in oncogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that activated NOTCH1 and ZMIZ1 collaborate to induce T-ALL in mice. ZMIZ1 and activated NOTCH1 are coexpres...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Rakowski, L. A., Garagiola, D. D., Li, C. M., Decker, M., Caruso, S., Jones, M., Kuick, R., Cierpicki, T., Maillard, I., Chiang, M. Y. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

AML Exosomes
In this study, we examined the role of exosomes in developing the AML niche of the bone marrow microenvironment, investigating their biogenesis with a focus on RNA trafficking. We found that both primary AML and AML cell lines released exosome-sized vesicles that entered bystander cells. These exosomes were enriched for several coding and noncoding RNAs relevant to AML pathogenesis. Furthermore, their uptake by bone marrow stromal cells altered their secretion of growth factors. Proof-of-concept studies provided additional evidence for the canonical functions of the transferred RNA. Taken together, our findings revealed th...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Huan, J., Hornick, N. I., Shurtleff, M. J., Skinner, A. M., Goloviznina, N. A., Roberts, C. T., Kurre, P. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

Glutathione Deficiency and Transplacental Ovarian Cancer
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in tobacco smoke, air pollution, and grilled foods. Prenatal exposure to BaP causes premature reproductive senescence in mice, and other PAHs are transplacental ovarian carcinogens. Glutathione (GSH) is critical for detoxification of the reactive metabolites of PAHs. Therefore, we hypothesized that mice that are genetically deficient in GSH synthesis, due to deletion of the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have increased destruction of oogonia, pre...
Source: Cancer Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lim, J., Lawson, G. W., Nakamura, B. N., Ortiz, L., Hur, J. A., Kavanagh, T. J., Luderer, U. Tags: Tumor and Stem Cell Biology Source Type: research

Dynamic DNA methylation across diverse human cell lines and tissues [RESOURCES]
This study provides an atlas of DNA methylation across diverse and well-characterized samples and enables new discoveries about DNA methylation and its role in gene regulation and disease.
Source: Genome Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Varley, K. E., Gertz, J., Bowling, K. M., Parker, S. L., Reddy, T. E., Pauli-Behn, F., Cross, M. K., Williams, B. A., Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., Crawford, G. E., Absher, D. M., Wold, B. J., Myers, R. M. Tags: RESOURCES Source Type: research

Efficient drug screening and gene correction for treating liver disease using patient‐specific stem cells
Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the feasibility of effective large‐scale drug screening using an iPSC‐based disease model and highly robust gene targeting in human iPSCs; both of which are critical for translating the iPSC technology into novel therapies for untreatable diseases. (HEPATOLOGY 2013.)
Source: Hepatology - January 16, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Su Mi Choi, Yonghak Kim, Joong Sup Shim, Joon Tae Park, Rui‐Hong Wang, Steven D. Leach, Jun O. Liu, Chu‐Xia Deng, Zhaohui Ye, Yoon‐Young Jang Tags: Liver Injury/Regeneration Source Type: research

Stem cells: Surf the waves of reprogramming
lmonte Cellular reprogramming to a stem-cell-like state is inefficient and poorly understood, despite its biomedical potential. Detailed molecular analyses of this process are now reported, and should help to overcome these limitations.
Source: Nature - January 16, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Ignacio Sancho-MartinezJuan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte Tags: News & Views Source Type: research

Preliminary findings suggest hidradenitis suppurativa may be due to defective follicular support
ConclusionsBMZ PAS‐positivity of clinically uninvolved FPSUs of HS patients appears to be wispy or missing entirely. It is speculated that this may explain the apparent fragility of the sebofollicular junction. There is an increased concentration of inflammatory cells adjacent to these areas, whilst inflammatory cells are scarce in areas where the PAS material is intact.It is hypothesised that the PAS gap identifies areas susceptible to leakage, trauma and rupture, leading to release of materials that trigger inflammatory mediators, and the seeding of the dermis with free‐living stem cells generating benign but invasiv...
Source: British Journal of Dermatology - January 16, 2013 Category: Dermatology Authors: F. William Danby, G.B.E. Jemec, W.Ch. Marsch, M. Laffert Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Glucocorticoid-Related Molecular Signaling Pathways Regulating Hippocampal Neurogenesis
relli & Carmine M Pariante Keywords: Biological Psychiatry; Neuropharmacology; Animal models; Receptor Pharmacology; hippocampus; stress; stem cells; molecular signaling pathways; glucocorticoids
Source: Neuropsychopharmacology - January 16, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Christoph AnackerAnnamaria CattaneoAlessia LuoniKsenia MusaelyanPatricia A ZunszainElena MilanesiJoanna RybkaAlessandra BerryFrancesca CirulliSandrine ThuretJack PriceMarco A RivaMassimo GennarelliCarmine M Pariante Tags: Biological Psychiatry Neuropharmacology Animal models Receptor Pharmacology hippocampus stress stem cells molecular signaling pathways glucocorticoids Source Type: research

MicroRNA-140 Expression During Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Stem Cells and Development , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: Stem Cells and Development - January 15, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Tags: article Source Type: research

Nanomaterials and Stem Cells for Dental Tissue RegenerationNanomaterials and Stem Cells for Dental Tissue Regeneration
Stem cell biology combined with tissue engineering technology utilizing nanomaterials is an exciting new approach for the development of innovative strategies for dental tissue regeneration. Nanomedicine
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - January 15, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Dental & Oral Health Journal Article Source Type: news

Genea Stem Cells 25 new disease-specific pluripotent stem cell lines now commercially available
Genea Stem Cells (GSC), a supplier and developer of disease-specific human stem cells, has reported that 25 new pluripotent stem cell lines have been placed on the USA National Institute of Health (NIH) human stem cell registry.
Source: Drug Development Technology - January 15, 2013 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: news

The Effect of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate on Odontogenic Differentiation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Conclusions: This result shows that MTA stimulates the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, and the effects of MTA are drastically increased in uninduced pulp cells compared with odontogenic-differentiated cells.
Source: Journal of Endodontics - January 15, 2013 Category: Dentistry Authors: Min-Seock Seo, Kyung-Gyun Hwang, Jaeseon Lee, Hyongbum Kim, Seung-Ho Baek Tags: Biology Source Type: research

Pathogenic Cellular Phenotypes are Germline Transmissible in a Transgenic Primate Model of Huntington's Disease
Stem Cells and Development , Vol. 0, No. 0.
Source: Stem Cells and Development - January 15, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Tags: article Source Type: research

IPSCs Define Optimal Treatment For Managing Life-Threatening Arrhythmias
Researchers used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a young patient with Long QT syndrome (LQTS), a congenital heart disorder, to determine a course of treatment that helped manage the patient's life-threatening arrhythmias. The results, which appear in The Journal of General Physiology, could lead to improved treatments for LQTS and other channelopathies, diseases caused by disturbed ion channel function...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - January 15, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart Disease Source Type: news

BioLamina Increases The Width Of Its Cell Culture Tools By In-Licensing A Unique Cryopreservation Medium From Vitrolife
BioLamina (Stockholm, Sweden), which develops and distributes novel tools for cell culturing based on recombinant proteins, has recently entered into an exclusive global distribution agreement with Vitrolife (Gothenburg, Sweden) regarding their cryopreservation medium, F1 OMNI, for various cell types including human pluripotent stem cells
Source: Medical Design Online News - January 15, 2013 Category: Medical Equipment Source Type: news

The Transcription Factor Fli-1 Regulates Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cell Development in Mice.
This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. PMID: 23320737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Immunology - January 15, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Suzuki E, Williams S, Sato S, Gilkeson G, Watson DK, Zhang XK Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

PRDM14 Ensures Naive Pluripotency through Dual Regulation of Signaling and Epigenetic Pathways in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.
Abstract In serum, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) fluctuate between a naive inner cell mass (ICM)-like state and a primed epiblast-like state, but when cultured with inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 pathways (2i), they are harnessed exclusively in a distinct naive pluropotent state, the ground state, that more faithfully recapitulates the ICM. Understanding the mechanism underlying this naive pluripotent state will be critical for realizing the full potential of ESCs. We show here that PRDM14, a PR-domain-containing transcriptional regulator, ensures naive...
Source: Cell Stem Cell - January 15, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Yamaji M, Ueda J, Hayashi K, Ohta H, Yabuta Y, Kurimoto K, Nakato R, Yamada Y, Shirahige K, Saitou M Tags: Cell Stem Cell Source Type: research

BCL-2 Inhibition Targets Oxidative Phosphorylation and Selectively Eradicates Quiescent Human Leukemia Stem Cells.
Abstract Most forms of chemotherapy employ mechanisms involving induction of oxidative stress, a strategy that can be effective due to the elevated oxidative state commonly observed in cancer cells. However, recent studies have shown that relative redox levels in primary tumors can be heterogeneous, suggesting that regimens dependent on differential oxidative state may not be uniformly effective. To investigate this issue in hematological malignancies, we evaluated mechanisms controlling oxidative state in primary specimens derived from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Our studies demonstrate three striki...
Source: Cell Stem Cell - January 15, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Lagadinou ED, Sach A, Callahan K, Rossi RM, Neering SJ, Minhajuddin M, Ashton JM, Pei S, Grose V, O'Dwyer KM, Liesveld JL, Brookes PS, Becker MW, Jordan CT Tags: Cell Stem Cell Source Type: research

A Pan-BCL2 Inhibitor Renders Bone-Marrow-Resident Human Leukemia Stem Cells Sensitive to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition.
eson CA, Morris SR, Messer K, Goldstein LS, Hudson TJ, Marra M, Frazer KA, Pellecchia M, Reed JC, Jamieson CH Abstract Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play a pivotal role in the resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and its progression to blast crisis (BC), in part, through the alternative splicing of self-renewal and survival genes. To elucidate splice-isoform regulators of human BC LSC maintenance, we performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing, splice-isoform-specific quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), nanoproteomics, stromal coculture, and BC LSC xenotransplantation analyses....
Source: Cell Stem Cell - January 15, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Goff DJ, Recart AC, Sadarangani A, Chun HJ, Barrett CL, Krajewska M, Leu H, Low-Marchelli J, Ma W, Shih AY, Wei J, Zhai D, Geron I, Pu M, Bao L, Chuang R, Balaian L, Gotlib J, Minden M, Martinelli G, Rusert J, Dao KH, Shazand K, Wentworth P, Smith KM, Jam Tags: Cell Stem Cell Source Type: research

PI3K-Akt pathway regulates polycomb group protein and stem cell maintenance.
Abstract Comment on: Liu Y, et al. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra77. PMID: 23287474 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cell Cycle - January 15, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Liu Y, Yu H, Nimer SD Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

IL-17 inhibits adipogenesis in part via C/EBPα, PPARγ and Krüppel-like factors.
In this study, we addressed this question by evaluating the impact of IL-17 on a variety of transcription factors (TFs) that control adipogenesis, using 3T3-L1 cells to model adipocyte differentiation. Surprisingly, IL-17 does not suppress adipogenesis via C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ, TFs often considered to be central regulators of adipogenesis. Rather, IL-17 suppresses expression of several pro-adipogenic TFs, including PPARγ and C/EBPα. Moreover, we found that IL-17 regulates expression of several members of the Krüppel-like family (KLF). Specifically, IL-17 suppresses KLF15, a pro-adipogenic TF, and enhances expression of K...
Source: Cytokine - January 15, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ahmed M, Gaffen SL Tags: Cytokine Source Type: research

The Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway is associated with determination of the differentiation fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vascular calcification.
This study aimed to investigate whether the Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway is associated with determination of the differentiation fate of MSCs in vascular calcification. Direct co-cultures were established by seeding smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or calcified SMCs and MSCs together at ratios of SMCs or calcified SMCs 15x104; SMCs or calcified SMCs 5x104: MSCs 10x104, SMCs or calcified SMCs 10x104: MSCs 5x104. Osteosynthesis-inducing medium (OS) was added to the culture medium in the groups of MSCs with non-calcified SMCs. Cells were cultured for nine days. Osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated by cell morphology and the activity of...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - January 15, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xin H, Xin F, Zhou S, Guan S Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: research

Glioblastoma Tumor Initiating Cells: Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Apoptosis and MicroRNA Pathways.
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor known for its invasiveness and aggressive resistance to standard treatment. It is currently the most common primary brain tumor which is associated with a high mortality rate. Tumor initiating cells (TICs) are a subpopulation of GBM stem cells which are capable of self-renewal and apoptotic resistance, and are thought to account for GBMs aggressive nature. Recent efforts have focused on therapies which target key intracellular apoptotic pathways which may confer tumor resistance, such as Akt, p53, Bcl-2 family proteins, caspase family proteases, ...
Source: Current Molecular Medicine - January 15, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu J, Albrecht AM, Ni X, Yang J, Li M Tags: Curr Mol Med Source Type: research

Proteomics using Mammospheres as a Model System to Identify Proteins Deregulated in Breast Cancer Stem Cells.
Abstract Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) exist within many types of breast cancers, functioning to initiate tumorigenesis and augment its progression. The protein profile associated with BCSC has yet to be extensively studied. Mammospheres have been widely employed as a model system to study BCSC. We used proteomics on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line to compare protein expression in mammosphere-derived cells compared to parental monolayer cells. We identified 34 differentially expressed proteins, seven of which were overexpressed, with the remaining downregulated in mammosphere-derived cells. These differentially...
Source: Current Molecular Medicine - January 15, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Li G, Zhao F, Cui Y Tags: Curr Mol Med Source Type: research

Technological overview of iPS induction from human adult somatic cells.
Abstract The unlimited proliferation capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) combined with their pluripotent differentiation potential in various lineages raised great interest in both the scientific community and the public at large with hope for future prospects of regenerative medicine. However, since ESCs are derived from human embryos, their use is associated with significant ethical issues preventing broad studies and therapeutic applications. To get around this bottleneck, Takahashi and Yamanaka have recently achieved the conversion of adult somatic cells into ES-like cells via the forced expression of four ...
Source: Current Gene Therapy - January 15, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Cohen-Haguenauer O Tags: Curr Gene Ther Source Type: research

Translating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Bench to Bedside: Application to Retinal Diseases.
Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc) are a scientific and medical frontier. Application of reprogrammed somatic cells for clinical trials is in its dawn period; advances in research with animal and human iPSc are paving the way for retinal therapies with the ongoing development of safe animal cell transplantation studies and characterization of patient-specific and disease-specific human iPSc. The retina is an optimal model for investigation of neural regeneration; amongst other advantageous attributes, it is the most accessible part of the CNS for surgery and outcome monitoring. A recent clinical trial s...
Source: Current Gene Therapy - January 15, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Maclaren R Tags: Curr Gene Ther Source Type: research

Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on circulating immune and stem cells in septic shock: revisit the basics and consider giving it another chance.
PMID: 23322799 [PubMed - in process]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 15, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Skirecki T, Kawiak J, Hoser G, Tarnowski W, Zlotorowicz M, Zielinska-Borkowska U Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

Court lifts cloud over embryonic stem cells
Nature 493, 7432 (2013). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/493282a Author: Monya Baker But research on induced stem cells may be the real winner.
Source: Nature - January 15, 2013 Category: Research Authors: Monya Baker Tags: News Source Type: research

Critical Care of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Approximately 11 000 people suffer traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in the United States, each year. TSCI incidences vary from 13.1 to 52.2 per million people and the mortality rates ranged from 3.1 to 17.5 per million people. This review examines the critical care of TSCI. The discussion will focus on primary and secondary mechanisms of injury, spine stabilization and immobilization, surgery, intensive care management, airway and respiratory management, cardiovascular complication management, venous thromboembolism, nutrition and glucose control, infection management, pressure ulcers and early rehabilitation, pharmacol...
Source: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine - January 15, 2013 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Jia, X., Kowalski, R. G., Sciubba, D. M., Geocadin, R. G. Tags: Analytic Reviews Source Type: research

Aberrant RNA editing in CML progression [Medical Sciences]
The molecular etiology of human progenitor reprogramming into self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSC) has remained elusive. Although DNA sequencing has uncovered spliceosome gene mutations that promote alternative splicing and portend leukemic transformation, isoform diversity also may be generated by RNA editing mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 15, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Jiang, Q., Crews, L. A., Barrett, C. L., Chun, H.-J., Court, A. C., Isquith, J. M., Zipeto, M. A., Goff, D. J., Minden, M., Sadarangani, A., Rusert, J. M., Dao, K.-H. T., Morris, S. R., Goldstein, L. S. B., Marra, M. A., Frazer, K. A., Jamieson, C. H. M. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Metformin inhibits the inflammatory response [Cell Biology]
Metformin, the first-line drug for treating diabetes, inhibits cellular transformation and selectively kills cancer stem cells in breast cancer cell lines. In a Src-inducible model of cellular transformation, metformin inhibits the earliest known step in the process, activation of the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Metformin strongly delays cellular transformation in...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 15, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Hirsch, H. A., Iliopoulos, D., Struhl, K. Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Haploinsufficiency of the paternal-effect gene Dnmt3L results in transient DNA hypomethylation in progenitor cells of the male germline
STUDY QUESTION How does haploinsufficiency of the paternal-effect gene Dnmt3L affect DNA methylation establishment and stability in the male germline? SUMMARY ANSWER Reduced expression of DNMT3L in male germ cells, associated with haploinsufficiency of the paternal-effect gene Dnmt3L, results in abnormal hypomethylation of prenatal germline progenitor cells. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The DNA methyltransferase regulator Dnmt3-Like (Dnmt3L) is a paternal-effect gene required for DNA methylation acquisition in male germline stem cells and their precursors. In males, DNMT3L deficiency causes meiotic abnormalities and infertility...
Source: Human Reproduction - January 15, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Niles, K. M., Yeh, J. R., Chan, D., Landry, M., Nagano, M. C., Trasler, J. M. Tags: Reproductive genetics Source Type: research

Telomeric repeat-containing RNA and telomerase in human fetal oocytes
We present a descriptive/qualitative study of TERRA in human fetal ovarian tissue. Given the difficult access and manipulation of fetal samples, the number of fetal ovaries used in this study was limited. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first report on TERRA expression in oocytes from human fetal ovaries. The presence of TERRA at the telomeres of oocytes from the leptotene to pachytene stages and its co-localization with the telomerase protein component suggests that this RNA might participate in the maintenance of the telomere structure, at least through the processes that take place during the female meio...
Source: Human Reproduction - January 15, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Reig-Viader, R., Brieno-Enriquez, M. A., Khouriauli, L., Toran, N., Cabero, L., Giulotto, E., Garcia-Caldes, M., Ruiz-Herrera, A. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

Effect of Cardiac Stem Cells on Left-Ventricular Remodeling in a Canine Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction [Original Articles]
Conclusions— Intramyocardial injection of autologous CSCs in a late phase model of chronic infarction resulted in less increase in LV end-systolic volume and preservation of LV ejection fraction.
Source: Circulation: Heart Failure - January 15, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Welt, F. G. P., Gallegos, R., Connell, J., Kajstura, J., D'Amario, D., Kwong, R. Y., Coelho-Filho, O., Shah, R., Mitchell, R., Leri, A., Foley, L., Anversa, P., Pfeffer, M. A. Tags: Congestive, Animal models of human disease, Other Vascular biology Original Articles Source Type: research