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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory.

Glyceollins, a novel class of soybean phytoalexins, inhibit SCF-induced melanogenesis through attenuation of SCF/c-kit downstream signaling pathways.
Abstract The anti-melanogenesis effect of glyceollins was examined by melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity assay in zebrafish embryos and in B16F10 melanoma cells. When developing zebrafish embryos were treated with glyceollins, pigmentation of the embryos, melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were all decreased compared with control zebrafish embryos. In situ expression of a pigment cell-specific gene, Sox10, was dramatically decreased by glyceollin treatment in the neural tubes of the trunk region of the embryos. Stem cell factor (SCF)/c-kit signaling pathways as well as expression of microphthalmia-associ...
Source: exp Mol Med - May 23, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Shin SH, Lee YM Tags: Exp Mol Med Source Type: research

Spinning a stem cell ethics web.
Abstract The goal of this study was to provide an ethics education resource for trainees and researchers in the Canadian Stem Cell Network that would address the multiple ethical challenges in stem cell research including accountability in and for research across its multiple dimensions. The website was built using a bottom-up type approach based on an ethics needs assessment in combination with a top-down expert-driven component. There have been 3,615 visitors to the website since it was launched in July, 2011. The ongoing rate of returning visitors (20%) indicates that the website is becoming a valuable tool used...
Source: Accountability in Research - May 23, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: McDonald M, Longstaff H Tags: Account Res Source Type: research

RNA: DIS3L2, the final player in let-7 degradation
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 14, 328 (2013). doi:10.1038/nrm3595 Author: Rachel David The pluripotency factor LIN28 maintains stem cells in an undifferentiated state by blocking the expression of let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs). LIN28 achieves this by recruiting 3′ terminal uridylyl transferases, which add a terminal oligouridine tail to pre-let-7 that inhibits its processing and promotes miRNA decay. This (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - May 23, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Rachel David Tags: Research Highlight Source Type: research

Molecular regulation of stem cell quiescence
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 14, 329 (2013). doi:10.1038/nrm3591 Authors: Tom H. Cheung & Thomas A. Rando Subsets of mammalian adult stem cells reside in the quiescent state for prolonged periods of time. This state, which is reversible, has long been viewed as dormant and with minimal basal activity. Recent advances in adult stem cell isolation have provided insights into the epigenetic, (Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology)
Source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology - May 23, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Tom H. CheungThomas A. Rando Tags: Review Source Type: research

H3K9/HP1 and Polycomb: Two Key Epigenetic Silencing Pathways for Gene Regulation and Embryo Development.
Abstract Proper development of an embryo requires tightly controlled expression of specific sets of genes. In order to generate all the lineages of the adult, populations of pluripotent embryonic stem cells differentiate and activate specific transcriptional programs whereas others are shutdown. The role of transcription factors is obvious in promoting expression of such developmental genes; however maintenance of specific states throughout cell division needs additional mechanisms. Indeed, the nucleoprotein complex of DNA and histones, the chromatin, can act as a facilitator or barrier to transcription depending o...
Source: Current Topics in Developmental Biology - May 22, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Nestorov P, Tardat M, Peters AH Tags: Curr Top Dev Biol Source Type: research

Reprogramming and the pluripotent stem cell cycle.
Abstract Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self renew and retain the potential to differentiate into each of the cell types within the body. During experimental reprogramming, many of the features of ESCs can be acquired by differentiated target cells. One of these is the unusual cell division cycle that characterizes ESCs in which the Gap (G) phases are short and DNA Synthesis (S) phase predominates. Growing evidence has suggested that this atypical cell-cycle structure may be important for maintaining pluripotency and for enhancing pluripotent conversion. Here, we review current knowledge of cell-cycle regulation i...
Source: Current Topics in Developmental Biology - May 22, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Tsubouchi T, Fisher AG Tags: Curr Top Dev Biol Source Type: research

Functions of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in Mammalian development.
Abstract DNA methylation occurs at cytosines, predominantly in the CpG dinucleotide context and is a key epigenetic regulator of embryogenesis and stem-cell differentiation in mammals. The genomic patterns of 5-methylcytosine are extensively reprogrammed during early embryonic development as well as in the germ-cell lineage. Thanks to improvements in high-throughput mapping technologies, it is now possible to characterize the dynamics of this epigenetic mark at the genome scale. DNA methylation plays multiple roles during development and serves to establish long-term gene silencing. In 2009, it was revealed that 5-...
Source: Current Topics in Developmental Biology - May 22, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Guibert S, Weber M Tags: Curr Top Dev Biol Source Type: research

Nucleotides metabolizing ectoenzymes as possible markers of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation.
In this study, we also realized that osteoblasts effectively metabolize ADP to ATP and AMP. The enzymatic activity of adenylate kinase (AK) is consistent with the high expression level of the AK gene. Therefore, it was tempting to suggest that this enzyme, together with NTPDase1 and NTPDase8, assume the role of specific markers that allowed distinction between differentiated osteoblasts and early undifferentiated MSCs. Additionally, unlike osteoblasts, undifferentiated MSCs demonstrated the activity of 5'-nucleotidase (CD73). However, the expression analysis of CD73 mRNA did not show any differences; CD73 mRNA was expresse...
Source: Biochemistry and Cell Biology - May 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Roszek K, Błaszczak A, Wujak M, Komoszyński M Tags: Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

Phenotypic alteration of limbal niche-associated limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency by ultraviolet-B exposure-induced phototoxicity in mice.
Abstract Good vision requires a healthy cornea, and a healthy cornea needs healthy stem cells. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are a traditional source of corneal epithelial cells and are recruited for the continuous production of epithelium without seizing throughout an animal's life, which maintains corneal transparency. Like the maintenance of other adult somatic stem cells, the maintenance of LESCs depends on the specific microenvironmental niche in which they reside. The purpose of this study was to determine the microenvironmental damage associated with LESCs fate due to ultraviolet (UV)-B exposure in a ...
Source: Biochemistry and Cell Biology - May 22, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Das P, Pereira JA, Chaklader M, Law A, Bagchi K, Bhaduri G, Chaudhuri S, Law S Tags: Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research

TRAIL-Based Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Pediatric Malignancies.
We describe the extrinsic and intrinsic pro-apoptotic pathways of TRAIL, together with the evidences for its pro-survival signaling, and with the relevance of these pathways in therapy. Possible mechanisms of resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis are highlighted (i.e. c-FLIP, Bcl-2, IAPs, p53, NF-κ B) and the rationale for the combined administration of TRAIL with drugs targeting these mechanisms is provided. Preclinical data are reported and show encouraging evidences for TRAIL consideration in pediatric malignancies (i.e., leukemia, lymphomas, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, medulloblastoma). Clinical trials of TRAIL-based...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - May 22, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Gasparini C, Brumatti LV, Monasta L, Zauli G Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induced embryotoxicity and disruption of cardiogenesis.
In conclusion, PFOS altered the expression of crucial genes, reduced ATP production, induced ROS, and stimulated apoptosis during the early stages of cardiogenesis; these effects may result in poor developmental outcomes. PMID: 23562911 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Toxicology in Vitro)
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - May 22, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cheng W, Yu Z, Feng L, Wang Y Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: research

Oxidative stress mediates apoptotic effects of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate in human Myelodysplasia cells in vitro.
This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of vitamin C in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs). F36P cells (MDS cell line) were treated with ascorbate and dehydroascorbate alone and in combination with cytarabine. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by trypan blue assay and cell death was evaluated by optical microscopy and flow cytometry. The role of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, BAX, BCL-2 and cytochrome C were also assessed. Vitamin C decreases cell proliferation and viability in a concentration, time and administration dependent-manner inducing cell death by apoptosis, which was...
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - May 22, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gonçalves AC, Alves V, Silva T, Carvalho C, Oliveira CR, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: research

Establishment of adult mouse Sertoli cell lines by using the starvation method.
Abstract Sertoli cells were isolated from the testes of 6-week-old mice and stable Sertoli cell lines with higher proliferation rates were subcloned after starvation of primary cultured cells. After two rounds of this subcloning, 33 subcloned lines were selected on the basis of their proliferation rates. In addition, these subclones were screened according to their phagocytic activity and the characteristics of mature Sertoli cells, such as the expression of androgen receptors (ARs) and progesterone receptors, by using western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis, in addition to their morphology and proliferati...
Source: Reproduction - May 22, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Sato Y, Yoshida K, Nozawa S, Yoshiike M, Arai M, Otoi T, Iwamoto T Tags: Reproduction Source Type: research

Stress responses at the endometrial-placental interface regulate labyrinthine placental differentiation from trophoblast stem cells.
Abstract Development can happen in one of two ways. Cells performing a necessary function can differentiate from stem cells before the need for it arises and stress does not develop. Or need arises before function, stress develops and stress signals are part of the normal stimuli that regulate developmental mechanisms. These mechanisms adjust stem cell differentiation to produce function in a timely and proportional manner. In this review, we will interpret data from studies of null lethal mutants for placental stress genes that suggest the latter possibility. Acknowledged stress pathways participate in stress-indu...
Source: Reproduction - May 22, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Rappolee DA, Zhou S, Puscheck EE, Xie Y Tags: Reproduction Source Type: research

Status of human germ cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells.
Abstract Historically, the quality of life of infertile couples has been greatly diminished by the loss of opportunity to conceive. However, beginning with the advent of IVF in the late 1970s, novel clinical interventions have greatly changed the outlook for those with severe forms of infertility. Yet, in cases in which the quality and quantity of germ cells are most compromised, there are few options. In the present paper, the current status of germ cell development from stem cells is reviewed in light of potential utility for basic science and clinical applications. PMID: 23445816 [PubMed - in process] (Sourc...
Source: Reproduction, Fertility, and Development - May 22, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Pera RA Tags: Reprod Fertil Dev Source Type: research

Transgenerational Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Testicular Germ Cell Associations and Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Mice.
In conclusion, embryonic exposure to DEHP was found to disrupt testicular germ cell organization and SSC function in a transgenerational manner. PMID: 23536373 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biology of Reproduction)
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 22, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Doyle TJ, Bowman JL, Windell VL, McLean DJ, Kim KH Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Gonadal expression of foxo1, but not foxo3, is conserved in diverse Mammalian species.
Abstract The Foxos are key effectors of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulate diverse physiologic processes. Two of these factors, Foxo1 and Foxo3, serve specific roles in reproduction in the mouse. Foxo3 is required for suppression of primordial follicle activation in females, while Foxo1 regulates spermatogonial stem cell maintenance in males. In the mouse ovary, Foxo1 is highly expressed in somatic cells (but not in oocytes), suggesting an important functional role for Foxo1 in these cells. Given that invertebrate model species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster harbor a single ance...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 22, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Tarnawa ED, Baker MD, Aloisio GM, Carr BR, Castrillon DH Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Disruption of a spermatogenic cell-specific mouse enolase 4 (eno4) gene causes sperm structural defects and male infertility.
Abstract Sperm utilize glycolysis to generate ATP required for motility, and several spermatogenic cell-specific glycolytic isozymes are associated with the fibrous sheath (FS) in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum. We used proteomics and molecular biology approaches to confirm earlier reports that a novel enolase is present in mouse sperm. We then found that a pan-enolase antibody, but not antibodies to ENO2 and ENO3, recognized a protein in the principal piece of the mouse sperm flagellum. Database analyses identified two previously uncharacterized enolase family-like candidate genes, 64306537H0Rik and Gm...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - May 22, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Nakamura N, Dai Q, Williams J, Goulding EH, Willis WD, Brown PR, Eddy EM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

GPAT2, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, in piRNA biogenesis in germline stem cells.
Abstract piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNA) is a germ cell-specific small RNA in which biogenesis PIWI (P-element wimpy testis) family proteins play crucial roles. MILI (mouse Piwi-like), one of the three mouse PIWI family members, is indispensable for piRNA production, DNA methylation of retrotransposons presumably through the piRNA, and spermatogenesis. The biogenesis of piRNA has been divided into primary and secondary processing pathways; in both of these MILI is involved in mice. To analyze the molecular function of MILI in piRNA biogenesis, we utilized germline stem (GS) cells, which are derived from testicular ste...
Source: RNA - May 22, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Shiromoto Y, Kuramochi-Miyagawa S, Daiba A, Chuma S, Katanaya A, Katsumata A, Nishimura K, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Nakamura T, Yoshinaga K, Asada N, Nakamura S, Yasunaga T, Kojima-Kita K, Itou D, Kimura T, Nakano T Tags: RNA Source Type: research

Conception and development of the Second Life® Embryo Physics Course.
Abstract The study of embryos with the tools and mindset of physics, started by Wilhelm His in the 1880s, has resumed after a hiatus of a century. The Embryo Physics Course convenes online allowing interested researchers and students, who are scattered around the world, to gather weekly in one place, the virtual world of Second Life®. It attracts people from a wide variety of disciplines and walks of life: applied mathematics, artificial life, bioengineering, biophysics, cancer biology, cellular automata, civil engineering, computer science, embryology, electrical engineering, evolution, finite element methods, hi...
Source: Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine - May 22, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Gordon R Tags: Syst Biol Reprod Med Source Type: research

Without Glia, the Brain Would Starve
The brain is voracious: compared with other organs, it consumes 10 times more oxygen and nutrients, receiving them by way of dense networks of blood vessels. Scientists know how these networks initially grow, but a surprising new study suggests that they are stabilized in early life by stem cells in the brain called radial glia. The finding could have significant implications for our understanding of Alzheimer's disease, a condition characterized in part by brainwide vascular problems. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)
Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed - May 21, 2013 Category: Science Tags: Mind & Brain,Neuroscience,Everyday Science,More Science,Health,Mind Source Type: research

Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons to Evaluate Candidate Parkinson's Disease Therapeutic Agents in MPP+ and Rotenone Models
To begin to develop a high-throughput assay system to evaluate potential small-molecule therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD), we have performed a low-throughput assay with a small number of compounds using human pluripotent stem cell–derived dopaminergic neurons. We first evaluated the role of 44 compounds known to work in rodent systems in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) assay in a 96-well format using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay as a readout for neuroprotection. Glial cell–derived neurotrophic factor was used as a positive control because of its well-docu...
Source: Journal of Biomolecular Screening - May 21, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Peng, J., Liu, Q., Rao, M. S., Zeng, X. Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Conditioned serum-free medium from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has anti-photoaging properties.
Abstract Chronic exposure to solar radiation is the primary cause of photoaging and benign and malignant skin tumors. A conditioned serum-free medium (SFM) was prepared from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) and its anti-photoaging effect, following chronic UV irradiation in vitro and in vivo, was evaluated. UC-MSC SFM had a stimulatory effect on human dermal fibroblast proliferation and reduced UVA-induced cell death. In addition, UC-MSC SFM blocked UVA inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity. Topical application of UC-MSC SFM to mouse skin prior to UV irradiation blocked the inhibition of supero...
Source: Biotechnology Letters - May 21, 2013 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Liu Q, Luo Z, He S, Peng X, Xiong S, Wang Y, Zhong X, Zhou X, Eisenberg CA, Gao BZ Tags: Biotechnol Lett Source Type: research

miR‐10a restores human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation by repressing KLF4
In conclusion, miR‐10a restores the differentiation capability of aged hMSCs through repression of KLF4. Aging‐related miRNAs may have broad applications in the restoration of cell dysfunction caused by aging. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology)
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - May 21, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Jiao Li, Jun Dong, Zhen‐hui Zhang, Dong‐Cheng Zhang, Xiang‐Yu You, Yun Zhong, Min‐Sheng Chen, Shi‐Ming Liu Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Stem-cell treatment restores sight to blind man
A man blinded by the degeneration of his retinal cells can see well enough to get a driver's licence after receiving a stem-cell transplant (Source: New Scientist - Health)
Source: New Scientist - Health - May 20, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: research

Relevance of NK‐mesenchymal stem cell interactions in AN in vivo model of fulminant liver failure
(Source: Hepatology)
Source: Hepatology - May 20, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Stefania Bruno, Ciro Tetta, Giovanni Camussi Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with primary immunodeficiency diseases: Single center experience in Jordan
Abstract HSCT can be curative for many PID. Little is known about the outcome of HSCT for patients with PID in the developing countries. We retrospectively reviewed all children with PID who received HSCT at KHCC in Jordan between August 2003 and October 2011. Twenty‐eight patients were identified. The median age was 16 months (3 months–17 yr). Patients' diagnoses were SCID (n = 16), CHS (n = 3), HLH (n = 3), WAS (n = 2), Griscelli syndrome (n = 1), ALPS (n = 1), Omenn's syndrome (n = 1), and DiGeorge syndrome (n = 1). Seventeen patients received HLA‐matched related HSCT, eight received maternal un...
Source: Pediatric Transplantation - May 20, 2013 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Nisreen Amayiri, Abdulhadi Al‐Zaben, Lubna Ghatasheh, Haydar Frangoul, Ayad Ahmed Hussein Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

131I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine conditioning regimen in children with neuroblastoma undergoing stem cell transplantation
(Source: Pediatric Transplantation)
Source: Pediatric Transplantation - May 20, 2013 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Erman Atas, Vural Kesik, Erol Kismet, Vedat Koseoglu Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Isolation, Genetic Manipulation, and Transplantation of Canine Spermatogonial Stem Cells: Progress Toward Transgenesis Through the Male Germ Line.
Abstract The dog is recognized as a highly predictive model for pre-clinical research. Its size, life span, physiology and genetics more closely match human parameters than do those of the mouse model. Investigations of the genetic basis of disease and of new regenerative treatments have frequently taken advantage of canine models. However, full utility of this model hasn't has not been realized because of the lack of easy transgenesis. Blastocyst-mediated transgenic technology developed in mice has been very slow to translate to larger animals, and somatic cell nuclear transfer remains technically challenging, exp...
Source: Reproduction - May 20, 2013 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Harkey MA, Asano A, Zoulas ME, Torok-Storb B, Nagashima J, Travis AJ Tags: Reproduction Source Type: research

Tissue engineering rib with the incorporation of biodegradable polymer cage and BMSCs/decalcified bone:an experimental study in a canine model
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that biodegradable PDO cage in combination with two short BMSCs/DBM cuboids can repair large rib defects. The satisfactory repair rate suggests that this might be a feasible approach for large bone repair. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery)
Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery - May 20, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Hua TangBin WuXiong QinLu ZhangJim KretlowZhifei Xu Source Type: research

The effect of rabbit antithymocyte globulin on human mesenchymal stem cells
Summary Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties which are of key interest for their application in autoimmunity and transplantation. In transplantation, administration of MSCs has shown promising results in preclinical models and has recently moved to clinical trials. Therefore, it is important to study the interactions between MSCs and immunosuppressive drugs currently used in transplantation. We aimed to analyze the effect of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) MSCs. MSCs were obtained from perirenal fat of kidney donors and exposed to ranging doses of rATG (Thymoglobulin®, Genzyme; 0.5–100�...
Source: Transplant International - May 19, 2013 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: Marcella Franquesa, Carla C. Baan, Sander S. Korevaar, Anja U. Engela, Marieke Roemeling‐van Rhijn, Willem Weimar, Michiel G. H. Betjes, Josep M. Grinyo, Martin J. Hoogduijn Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Plant-Produced Human Recombinant Erythropoietic Growth Factors Support Erythroid Differentiation In Vitro
Stem Cells and Development , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Stem Cells and Development)
Source: Stem Cells and Development - May 17, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Tags: article Source Type: research

Molecular and Functional Evidence of HCN4 and Caveolin-3 Interaction During Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Stem Cells and Development Jun 2013, Vol. 22, No. 11: 1717-1727. (Source: Stem Cells and Development)
Source: Stem Cells and Development - May 17, 2013 Category: Stem Cells Tags: article Source Type: research

Evidence for a common progenitor of epithelial and mesenchymal components of the liver
, P Bianco & M Tripodi (Source: Cell Death and Differentiation)
Source: Cell Death and Differentiation - May 17, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: A ConigliaroL AmiconeV CostaM De Santis PuzzoniaC ManconeB SacchettiC CicchiniF GaribaldiD A BrennerT KisselevaP BiancoM Tripodi Tags: liver stem cell hepatic stellate cell cell transplantation differentiation Source Type: research

Histological and prognostic importance of CD44+/CD24+/EpCAM+ expression in clinical pancreatic cancer
In conclusion, CD44+/CD24+/EpCAM+ expression overlapped with poorly differentiated cells and possessed high proliferative potential in clinical pancreatic cancer. In particular, the presence of double‐positive CD44+/CD24+ expression seemed to have clinical relevance, associating with poor prognosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)
Source: Cancer Science - May 17, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yusuke Ohara, Tatsuya Oda, Masato Sugano, Shinji Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Enomoto, Keiichi Yamada, Yoshimasa Akashi, Ryoichi Miyamoto, Akihiko Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Fukunaga, Yukio Morishita, Nobuhiro Ohkohchi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

CD34+/CD38‐ acute myelogenous leukemia cells aberrantly express aurora kinase A
This study attempted to identify therapeutic targets in CD34+/CD38‐ AML cells and found that CD34+/CD38‐ AML cells isolated from patients (n=26) expressed larger amounts of AURKA than their CD34+/CD38+ counterparts and CD34+ normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) isolated from healthy volunteers (n=6), as measured by real‐time RT‐PCR. Blockade of AURKA by the specific inhibitor MLN8237 or an short hairpin (sh)RNA against AURKA significantly inhibited proliferation, impaired self‐renewal capability and induced apoptosis of CD34+/CD38‐ AML cells, in association with modulation of levels of Bcl‐2 fam...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - May 17, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jing Yang, Takayuki Ikezoe, Chie Nishioka, Atsuya Nobumoto, Keiko Udaka, Akihito Yokoyama Tags: Cancer Therapy Source Type: research

Expression of seven stem-cell-associated markers in human airway biopsy specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy
Conclusion: Nanog may serve as a promising diagnostic maker of lung cancer and potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. (Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research)
Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research - May 17, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Laodong LiHuina YuXiaoyang WangJinrong ZengDangyu LiJingyan LuChangming WangJiying WangJianghong WeiMing JiangBiwen Mo Source Type: research

Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells as a regenerative therapy for a murine steatohepatitis‐induced cirrhosis model
Conclusion: These results suggest that ADSC therapy is beneficial in cirrhosis as it can repair and restore the function of the impaired liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2013.) (Source: Hepatology)
Source: Hepatology - May 17, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Akihiro Seki, Yoshio Sakai, Takuya Komura, Alessandro Nasti, Keiko Yoshida, Mami Higashimoto, Masao Honda, Soichiro Usui, Masayuki Takamura, Toshinari Takamura, Takahiro Ochiya, Kengo Furuichi, Takashi Wada, Shuichi Kaneko Tags: Liver Injury and Regeneration Source Type: research

Mechanisms and models of somatic cell reprogramming
Nature Reviews Genetics 14, 427 (2013). doi:10.1038/nrg3473 Authors: Yosef Buganim, Dina A. Faddah & Rudolf Jaenisch Conversion of somatic cells to pluripotency by defined factors is a long and complex process that yields embryonic-stem-cell-like cells that vary in their developmental potential. To improve the quality of resulting induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which is important for potential therapeutic applications, and to (Source: Nature Reviews Genetics)
Source: Nature Reviews Genetics - May 17, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Yosef BuganimDina A. FaddahRudolf Jaenisch Tags: Review Source Type: research

miR-322 and Tob2 Regulate Osx mRNA Decay [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices]
In this study, we performed miRNA expression profiling and identified miR-322, a BMP-2-down-regulated miRNA, as a regulator of osteoblast differentiation. We report miR-322 gain- and loss-of-function experiments in C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells and primary cultures of murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We demonstrate that overexpression of miR-322 enhances BMP-2 response, increasing the expression of Osx and other osteogenic genes. Furthermore, we identify Tob2 as a target of miR-322, and we characterize the specific Tob2 3′-UTR sequence bound by miR-322 by reporter assays. We demonstrate that Tob2 is a negati...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 17, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Gamez, B., Rodriguez–Carballo, E., Bartrons, R., Rosa, J. L., Ventura, F. Tags: Gene Regulation Source Type: research

Targeting Hypoxia for Sensitization of Tumors to Radio-and Chemo-therapy.
Abstract The heterogeneous distribution of hypoxic regions within solid tumors renders them refractive to chemo- and radio-therapies and contributes positively to tumor invasion and metastasis. Moreover, hypoxia favors the enrichment of cancer stem cells by interacting with differentiation signals via the maintenance of stem cell properties of undifferentiated cells or via the induction of cellular dedifferentiation. The discovery of the hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1α) has led to the current extensive interest in the signal molecules related to tumor hypoxia and the major regulatory pathways that control ...
Source: Current Cancer Drug Targets - May 17, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ghattass K, Assah R, El-Sabban M, Gali-Muhtasib H Tags: Curr Cancer Drug Targets Source Type: research

Adoptively transferred TRAIL+ T cells suppress GVHD and augment antitumor activity
Current strategies to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) also compromise graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses. Furthermore, most experimental strategies to separate GVHD and GVT responses merely spare GVT function without actually enhancing it. We have previously shown that endogenously expressed TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is required for optimal GVT activity against certain malignancies in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In order to model a donor-derived cellular therapy, we genetically engineered T cells to overexpress TRAIL and adoptively transferred ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - May 16, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Arnab Ghosh, Yildirim Dogan, Maxim Moroz, Amanda M. Holland, Nury L. Yim, Uttam K. Rao, Lauren F. Young, Daniel Tannenbaum, Durva Masih, Enrico Velardi, Jennifer J. Tsai, Robert R. Jenq, Olaf Penack, Alan M. Hanash, Odette M. Smith, Kelly Piersanti, Cecil Source Type: research

Chemistry: Shepherding Stem Cells
Stem cells, because of their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, are of interest in aiding tissue repair and for treating diseases such as diabetes. However, their lack of … [Read more] (Source: Editors' Choice)
Source: Editors' Choice - May 16, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Stewart Wills (mailto:swills at aaas.org) Source Type: research

Editors' Choice
Geophysics: Hawaii's Deep Plumbing System | Economics: A Look at the Data | Pathogens: The End of Antiquity | Chemistry: UN Coaxed to Neutrality | Chemistry: Shepherding Stem Cells | Physics: Spin Thermometers | Developmental Biology: Putting on the Brakes (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - May 16, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Stewart Wills (mailto:swills at aaas.org) Source Type: research

[News & Analysis] Biomedicine: Human Stem Cells From Cloning, Finally
This time it looks like it's for real: Researchers have made personalized human embryonic stem cells with a method similar to how Dolly the sheep was cloned—though with an added jolt of caffeine.Author: Gretchen Vogel (Source: Science: Current Issue)
Source: Science: Current Issue - May 16, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Gretchen Vogel Source Type: research

Stem cells: Back to the future
The unexpected return of therapeutic cloning could reopen ethical arguments that seemed to have been laid to rest (Source: New Scientist - Health)
Source: New Scientist - Health - May 16, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: research

Development of cardiac support bioprostheses for ventricular restoration and myocardial regeneration [BASIC SCIENCE]
CONCLUSIONS Myocardial infarction treated with stem cells associated with a collagen matrix and ventricular constraint device improves systolic and diastolic function, reducing adverse remodelling and fibrosis. The application of bioactive molecules and the recent development of nanobiotechnologies should open the door for the creation of a new semi-degradable ventricular support bioprosthesis, capable of controlled stability or degradation in response to physiological conditions of the left or right heart. (Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)
Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery - May 16, 2013 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Shafy, A., Fink, T., Zachar, V., Lila, N., Carpentier, A., Chachques, J. C. Tags: BASIC SCIENCE Source Type: research

Human stem cells created by cloning
Nature 497, 7449 (2013). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497295a Author: David Cyranoski Breakthrough sets up showdown with induced adult lines. (Source: Nature)
Source: Nature - May 15, 2013 Category: Research Authors: David Cyranoski Tags: News Source Type: research