Stem Cells This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 35.

Generation of Functional Multipotent Keratinocytes from Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Recent advances in reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the possibility of developing new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including inherited skin disorders. While the ultimate goal is the use of iPSCs in the treatment of human diseases, extensive research is still required with preclinical mouse models before iPSC technology can be introduced into the clinic. Therefore, the methodology for the derivation of multipotent keratinocytes from mouse iPSCs is of particular importance since it may allow for the assessment of the feasibility of using iPSCs...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Molecular Medicine - December 19, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: news

Isolation of Melanoma Tumor-Initiating Cells from Surgical Tissues
A new model of cancer progression has been put forward that predicts existence of tumor stem cells (TSCs) in the heterogeneous bulk tumor mass that self-renew, are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapies, and sustain tumor growth during the course of its progression or relapse (Ailles and Weissman, Curr Opin Biotechnol 18:460–466, 2007; Chan et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:14016–14021, 2009; D’Angelo and Wicha, Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 95:113–158, 2010; O’Brien, Semin Radiat Oncol 19:71–77, 2009; Park et al., Mol Ther 17:219–230, 2009). Using most advanced methods of cell purif...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Molecular Medicine - December 19, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: news

MicroRNA Profiling During Human Keratinocyte Differentiation Using a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Method
The terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes requires transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play key roles during differentiation processes by regulating protein expression at the posttranscriptional level. Several studies have investigated miRNA expression in murine or human skin using northern blotting, microarrays, deep sequencing, or real-time PCR (Andl et al., Curr Biol 16:1041–1049, 2006; Hildebrand et al., J Invest Dermatol 131:20–29, 2011; Sonkoly et al., PLoS One 2:e610, 2007; Yi et al., Nat Genet 38:356–362, 200...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Molecular Medicine - December 19, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: news

Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Stem cell transplantation
Abstract The role of SCT in pediatric oncology has continued to evolve with the introduction of new therapeutic agents and immunological insights into cancer. COG has focused its efforts on the study of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of pediatric malignancies in several major multi‐institutional Phase II and Phase III studies. These studies include addressing the impact of allogenicity in ALL (ASCT0431), and establishing autologous stem cell transplant as the standard of care in neuroblastoma. Reducing transplant‐associated toxicity was addressed in the ASCT0521 study, where the TNFα inhibito...
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - December 19, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stephan A. Grupp, Christopher C. Dvorak, Michael L. Nieder, John E. Levine, Donna A. Wall, Bryan Langholz, Michael A. Pulsipher, Tags: Review Source Type: research

Fadd and Skp2 are possible downstream targets of RUNX1-EVI1.
Abstract RUNX1-EVI1 generated by t(3;21) is a causative gene in the leukemic transformation of chronic hematopoietic stem cell tumors. Recruitment of histone deacetylase via carboxyl terminal-binding protein by RUNX1-EVI1 results in transcriptional dysregulation in target genes of wild-type RUNX1, leading to differentiation block and apoptotic prevention of myeloid precursor cells. In the present study using mouse primary hematopoietic cells, we confirmed that RUNX1-EVI1 enhances replating activity of hematopoietic colonies and represses differentiation along the myeloid lineage under treatment with granulocyte col...
Source: International Journal of Hematology - December 19, 2012 Category: Hematology Authors: Maki K, Sugita F, Nakamura Y, Sasaki K, Mitani K Tags: Int J Hematol Source Type: research

Induction of senescence pathways in Kindler syndrome primary keratinocytes.
Conclusions: Our data directly imply kindlin-1 in preventing premature senescence of keratinocytes. PMID: 23278235 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The British Journal of Dermatology - December 19, 2012 Category: Dermatology Authors: Piccinni E, Di Zenzo G, Maurelli R, Dellambra E, Teson M, Has C, Zambruno G, Castiglia D Tags: Br J Dermatol Source Type: research

Different roles of PD-L1 and FasL in immunomodulation mediated by human placenta -derived mesenchymal stem cells.
This study explored the roles of some of cell surface molecules expressed on human PMSCs (hPMSCs) in hPMSC mediated immunomodulation. hPMSCs strongly suppressed mitogen and allogeneic peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced T cell activation and proliferation. hPMSCs constituently expressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Fas ligand (FasL) molecules. Neutralising antibodies to-PD-L1 and FasL significantly reduced the suppressive effect of hPMSCs on T cell proliferation. However, only anti-PD-L1 antibody partially restored early T cell activation suppressed by hPMSCs. Anti-FasL antibody but not anti-PD-L1 antibod...
Source: Human Immunology - December 19, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gu YZ, Xue Q, Chen YJ, Yu GH, Qing MD, Shen Y, Wang MY, Shi Q, Zhang XG Tags: Hum Immunol Source Type: research

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 Controls Adult Neural Stem Cell Expansion by Regulating Sox2 Gene Expression.
Abstract In the adult brain, continual neurogenesis of olfactory neurons is sustained by the existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subependymal niche. Elimination of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) leads to premature exhaustion of the subependymal NSC pool, suggesting a relationship between cell cycle control and long-term self-renewal, but the molecular mechanisms underlying NSC maintenance by p21 remain unexplored. Here we identify a function of p21 in the direct regulation of the expression of pluripotency factor Sox2, a key regulator of the specification and maintenance of neural progeni...
Source: Cell Stem Cell - December 19, 2012 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Marqués-Torrejón MA, Porlan E, Banito A, Gómez-Ibarlucea E, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Fernández-Capetillo O, Vidal A, Gil J, Torres J, Fariñas I Tags: Cell Stem Cell Source Type: research

H2A.Z Facilitates Access of Active and Repressive Complexes to Chromatin in Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation.
Abstract Chromatin modifications have been implicated in the self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, the function of histone variant H2A.Z in ESCs remains unclear. We show that H2A.Z is highly enriched at promoters and enhancers and is required for both efficient self-renewal and differentiation of murine ESCs. H2A.Z deposition leads to an abnormal nucleosome structure, decreased nucleosome occupancy, and increased chromatin accessibility. In self-renewing ESCs, knockdown of H2A.Z compromises OCT4 binding to its target genes and leads to decreased binding of MLL complexes to active...
Source: Cell Stem Cell - December 19, 2012 Category: Stem Cells Authors: Hu G, Cui K, Northrup D, Liu C, Wang C, Tang Q, Ge K, Levens D, Crane-Robinson C, Zhao K Tags: Cell Stem Cell Source Type: research

Repair of meniscal lesions using a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct derived from allogenic synovial MSCs in a miniature swine model.
Abstract The menisci of the knee are fibro-cartilaginous tissues and play important roles in the joint, and the loss of the meniscus predisposes the knee to degenerative changes. However, the menisci have limited healing potential due to the paucity of vascularity. The purpose of the present study was to test the feasibility of a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair incurable meniscal lesions. Porcine synovial MSCs were cultured in monolayers at high density in the presence of ascorbic acid followed by the suspension culture to develop a three...
Source: Biomaterials - December 19, 2012 Category: Materials Science Authors: Moriguchi Y, Tateishi K, Ando W, Shimomura K, Yonetani Y, Tanaka Y, Kita K, Hart DA, Gobbi A, Shino K, Yoshikawa H, Nakamura N Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: research

Repeated, Long-Term Cycling of Putative Stem Cells between Niches in a Basal Chordate.
Abstract The mechanisms that sustain stem cells are fundamental to tissue maintenance. Here, we identify "cell islands" (CIs) as a niche for putative germ and somatic stem cells in Botryllus schlosseri, a colonial chordate that undergoes weekly cycles of death and regeneration. Cells within CIs express markers associated with germ and somatic stem cells and gene products that implicate CIs as signaling centers for stem cells. Transplantation of CIs induced long-term germline and somatic chimerism, demonstrating self-renewal and pluripotency of CI cells. Cell labeling and in vivo time-lapse imaging of CI cells reve...
Source: Developmental Cell - December 19, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Rinkevich Y, Voskoboynik A, Rosner A, Rabinowitz C, Paz G, Oren M, Douek J, Alfassi G, Moiseeva E, Ishizuka KJ, Palmeri KJ, Weissman IL, Rinkevich B Tags: Dev Cell Source Type: research

Lin28 regulates BMP4 and functions with Oct4 to affect ovarian tumor microenvironment.
Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating cancer stem cells (CSCs) and tumor progression through both autocrine and paracrine signaling. Elevated production of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) from human ovarian cancer cells and stroma has been shown to increase CSC proliferation and tumor growth. Here, we report that Lin28, a stem cell factor, binds to BMP4 mRNA in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells, thereby promoting BMP4 expression at the post-transcriptional level. As co-expression of Lin28 and Oct4 (another stem cell factor) has been implicated in...
Source: Cell Cycle - December 19, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Ma W, Ma J, Xu J, Qiao C, Branscum A, Cardenas A, Baron AT, Schwartz P, Maihle NJ, Huang Y Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Molecular regulation of determination in asymmetrically dividing muscle stem cells.
Abstract Comment on: Kawabe Y, et al. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 11:333-45. PMID: 23255099 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Cycle - December 19, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang YX, Bentzinger CF, Rudnicki MA Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

p53 restoration kills primitive leukemia cells in vivo and increases survival of leukemic mice.
Abstract Loss of p53 function is a common feature of human cancers and it is required for differentiated tumor cell maintenance; however, it is not known whether sustained inactivation of the p53 pathway is needed for cancer stem cell persistence. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by a chromosome translocation that generates the BCRABL oncogene encoding a constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase. The disease originates in a hematopoietic stem cell and is maintained by leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Treatment with specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors does not eliminate LSCs because they do not depend on the ...
Source: Cell Cycle - December 19, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Velasco-Hernández T, Vicente-Dueñas C, Sánchez-García I, Martin-Zanca D Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Metformin selectively affects human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cell viability: A role for metformin-induced inhibition of Akt.
We report that metformin treatment reduced the proliferation rate of tumor-initiating cell-enriched cultures isolated from four human glioblastomas. Metformin also impairs tumor-initiating cell spherogenesis, indicating a direct effect on self-renewal mechanisms. Interestingly, analyzing by FACS the antiproliferative effects of metformin on CD133-expressing subpopulation, a component of glioblastoma cancer stem cells, a higher reduction of proliferation was observed as compared with CD133-negative cells, suggesting a certain degree of cancer stem cell selectivity in its effects. In fact, glioblastoma cell differentiation s...
Source: Cell Cycle - December 19, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Würth R, Pattarozzi A, Gatti M, Bajetto A, Corsaro A, Parodi A, Sirito R, Massollo M, Marini C, Zona G, Fenoglio D, Sambuceti G, Filaci G, Daga A, Barbieri F, Florio T Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Stacking the DEK: From chromatin topology to cancer stem cells.
Abstract Stem cells are essential for development and tissue maintenance and display molecular markers and functions distinct from those of differentiated cell types in a given tissue. Malignant cells that exhibit stem cell-like activities have been detected in many types of cancers and have been implicated in cancer recurrence and drug resistance. Normal stem cells and cancer stem cells have striking commonalities, including shared cell surface markers and signal transduction pathways responsible for regulating quiescence vs. proliferation, self-renewal, pluripotency and differentiation. As the search continues fo...
Source: Cell Cycle - December 19, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Privette Vinnedge LM, Kappes F, Nassar N, Wells SI Tags: Cell Cycle Source Type: research

Analysis of human embryos from zygote to blastocyst reveals distinct gene expression patterns relative to the mouse.
Abstract Mammalian embryogenesis is controlled by mechanisms governing the balance between pluripotency and differentiation. The expression of early lineage-specific genes can vary significantly between species, with implications for developmental control and stem cell derivation. However, the mechanisms involved in patterning the human embryo are still unclear. We analyzed the appearance and localization of lineage-specific transcription factors in staged preimplantation human embryos from the zygote until the blastocyst. We observed that the pluripotency-associated transcription factor OCT4 was initiated in 8-cel...
Source: Developmental Biology - December 19, 2012 Category: Biology Authors: Niakan KK, Eggan K Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research

Collagen-targeting parathyroid hormone-related peptide promotes collagen binding and in vitro chondrogenesis in bone marrow-derived MSCs.
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CBD-PTHrP is a collagen-targeting system and promotes in vitro chondrogenesis in BM-MSCs. We suggest that this is an efficient delivery system for cartilage tissue engineering in clinical application. PMID: 23254644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - December 19, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wu XC, Huang B, Wang J, Li CQ, Zhou Y Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: research

Induction of senescence pathways in Kindler syndrome primary keratinocytes
Conclusions: Our data directly imply kindlin‐1 in preventing premature senescence of keratinocytes.
Source: British Journal of Dermatology - December 19, 2012 Category: Dermatology Authors: E. Piccinni, G. Di Zenzo, R. Maurelli, E. Dellambra, M. Teson, C. Has, G. Zambruno, D. Castiglia Source Type: research

Constitutive nuclear lamina-genome interactions are highly conserved and associated with A/T-rich sequence [RESEARCH]
In metazoans, the nuclear lamina is thought to play an important role in the spatial organization of interphase chromosomes, by providing anchoring sites for large genomic segments named lamina-associated domains (LADs). Some of these LADs are cell-type specific, while many others appear constitutively associated with the lamina. Constitutive LADs (cLADs) may contribute to a basal chromosome architecture. By comparison of mouse and human lamina interaction maps, we find that the sizes and genomic positions of cLADs are strongly conserved. Moreover, cLADs are depleted of synteny breakpoints, pointing to evolutionary selecti...
Source: Genome Research - December 19, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Meuleman, W., Peric-Hupkes, D., Kind, J., Beaudry, J.-B., Pagie, L., Kellis, M., Reinders, M., Wessels, L., van Steensel, B. Tags: RESEARCH Source Type: research

Children's Oncology Group's 2012 blueprint for research: Stem cell transplantation
Abstract The role of SCT in pediatric oncology has continued to evolve with the introduction of new therapeutic agents and immunological insights into cancer. COG has focused its efforts on the study of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of pediatric malignancies in several major multi‐institutional Phase II and Phase III studies. These studies include addressing the impact of allogenicity in ALL (ASCT0431), and establishing autologous stem cell transplant as the standard of care in neuroblastoma. Reducing transplant‐associated toxicity was addressed in the ASCT0521 study, where the TNFα inhibito...
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - December 19, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stephan A. Grupp, Christopher C. Dvorak, Michael L. Nieder, John E. Levine, Donna A. Wall, Bryan Langholz, Michael A. Pulsipher, Tags: Review Source Type: research

Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Neuroblastoma
Abstract Estimated 5‐year survival rates for patients with non‐high‐risk and high‐risk neuroblastoma are 90% and 50%, respectively. Recent clinical trials have shown excellent outcomes with reduced therapy for non‐high‐risk disease. For patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma treated with chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and stem cell transplantation, the addition of anti‐disialoganglioside (GD2) immunotherapy plus cytokines improves survival. Upcoming trials will study the incorporation of targeted radionuclide therapy prior to myeloablative chemotherapy into high‐risk treatment. Phase 2 trials will investigate...
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - December 19, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Julie R. Park, Rochelle Bagatell, Michael Hogarty, Tags: Review Source Type: research

Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Acute myeloid leukemia
Abstract For the 365 children diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in the US annually, 5‐year survival for patients on COG trials with low, intermediate, and high risk disease is 83%, 62%, and 23%, respectively. Recent advances include improved therapeutic stratification, improved survival with dose intensification, and further elucidation of the heterogeneity specific to childhood AML. These discoveries now guide current strategy incorporating targeted agents to pathways specific to childhood AML as well as evaluating methods to increase the sensitivity of the leukemic stem cell, first in Phase II feasibility trials fo...
Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer - December 19, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alan S. Gamis, Todd A. Alonzo, John P. Perentesis, Soheil Meshinchi, Tags: Review Source Type: research

Evaluation of nano-biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics for bone tissue engineering applications: In vitro and preliminary in vivo studies
Reconstruction of critical sized bone injuries is a major problem that continues to inspire the design of new materials and grafts. Natural ceramics (hydroxyapatite (HA) coralline HA, or synthetic HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are being explored for use as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, among several other materials. The present study evaluated the bone forming capacity of nanosize bioceramics synthesized in situ in poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) with different ratios of HA and β-TCP; the Ca/P ratio was 1.62 for bioceramic P1, 1.60 for P2 and 1.58 for P3. Further osteogenesis in vitro with mesenchy...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - December 19, 2012 Category: Materials Science Authors: Reddy, S., Wasnik, S., Guha, A., Kumar, J. M., Sinha, A., Singh, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

The adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promoted by nanoparticle surface
This study's aim consists of evaluating the adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from rat bone marrow on nanoparticle Titanium (Ti) surface. Hence, passage 3 MSCs were, respectively, seeded on nanoparticle Ti and pure Ti surfaces and then cultured for 32 h. Cell morphology and viability were separately examined by scanning electron microscopy and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazsol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Moreover, the mitotic rate of the attached MSCs was observed through immunocytochemistry. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the adhesion-associated me...
Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications - December 19, 2012 Category: Materials Science Authors: Chen, L., Sun, J., Zhu, Z., Wu, K., Li, W., Liu, H., Xu, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Cardiomyocyte proliferation and progenitor cell recruitment underlie therapeutic regeneration after myocardial infarction in the adult mouse heart
Abstract Cardiosphere‐derived cells have been shown to regenerate infarcted myocardium in patients after myocardial infarction. However, whether the cells of the newly‐formed myocardium originate from the proliferation of adult cardiomyocyte or from the differentiation of endogenous stem cells remains unknown. Using genetic fate mapping to mark resident myocytes in combination with long‐term BrdU pulsing, we investigated the origins of postnatal cardiomyogenesis in the normal, infarcted and cell‐treated adult mammalian heart. In the normal mouse heart, cardiomyocyte turnover occurs predominantly through proliferati...
Source: EMBO Molecular Medicine - December 19, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Konstantinos Malliaras, Yiqiang Zhang, Jeffrey Seinfeld, Giselle Galang, Eleni Tseliou, Ke Cheng, Baiming Sun, Mohammad Aminzadeh, Eduardo Marbán Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Hepatic lentiviral gene transfer is associated with clonal selection, but not with tumor formation in serially transplanted mice
In conclusion, we did not find evidence for vector induced tumours. LV hepatic gene therapy showed a favourable risk profile for stable and long term therapeutic gene expression. Polyclonality of hepatocyte regeneration was maintained even in an environment of enforced proliferation. (HEPATOLOGY 2012.)
Source: Hepatology - December 19, 2012 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ina Rittelmeyer, Michael Rothe, Martijn H. Brugman, Marcus Iken, Axel Schambach, Michael P. Manns, Christopher Baum, Ute Modlich, Michael Ott Tags: Liver Biology and Pathobiology Source Type: research

Transplanted neural stem cells slows als onset and progression in mouse models
(University of Massachusetts Medical School) Promising new research provides evidence that ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, may be treatable using neural stem cells.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - December 19, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

NYSCF and CUMC scientists develop scientific technique to help prevent inherited disorders in humans
(New York Stem Cell Foundation) A joint team of scientists from the New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory and Columbia University Medical Center has developed a technique that may prevent the inheritance of mitochondrial diseases in children. The study is published online today in Nature.
Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science - December 19, 2012 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Seven diverse human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrogenic clonal embryonic progenitor cell lines display site-specific cell fates
Regenerative Medicine , Ahead of Print, Pages 1-20.
Source: Future Medicine: Regenerative Medicine - December 18, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: article Source Type: research

Myelofibrosis stem cells may exist in spleens of patients
Wang X. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:3888-3899.
Source: HemOncToday.com - December 18, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Stem Cell Research Shows ALS May Be Treatable
Brigham and Women's Hospital is Part of Major ALS Study
Source: BWH for Journalists - December 18, 2012 Category: Research Source Type: news

[Correspondence] Reanalysis of TransVax immunogenicity
Further to the correction to our report of the results of a phase 2 trial of a novel immunotherapeutic cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation, we thought it necessary to reassess our original analysis so as to examine the strength of evidence for the immunogenicity of the TransVax vaccine. To that end, we propose a more appropriate statistical method for measurement of phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) immunogenicity.
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - December 18, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja, Michael Boeckh, Marissa B Wilck, Amelia A Langston, Alice H Chu, Mary K Wloch, Larry R Smith, Alain P Rolland, Richard T Kenney Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

[Corrections] Corrections
Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Boeckh M, Wilck MB, et al. A novel therapeutic cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12: 290–99. In figure 2, the p values should have been 0·232 in part A, 0·204 in part B, and 0·749 in part C. The corresponding text in paragraph 9 in the Results section should have read “The number of phosphoprotein 65 interferon-γ-producing T cells was increased, although not significantly in a repeated-measurements ANOVA, in the vaccine group compared with the placebo group at all...
Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases - December 18, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Identification Of New Biomarker For Cancer In Bone Marrow Offers Hope For Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Singapore scientists have identified FAIM, a molecule that typically prevents cell death, as a potential biomarker to identify an incurable form of cancer in the bone marrow. Patients with this form of cancer usually do not get cured with current standard treatments such as chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, with an average survival of only about four years. FAIM could thus be a therapeutic target in these patients, as drugs developed to target the molecule could destroy multiple myeloma cells and hence eradicate the cancer...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - December 18, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Lymphoma / Leukemia / Myeloma Source Type: news

Hope For Wilms' Tumour Patients Following Isolation Of Cancer Stem Cells From Kidney Tumors
Scientists have isolated cancer stem cells that lead to the growth of Wilms' tumours, a type of cancer typically found in the kidneys of young children. The researchers have used these cancer stem cells to test a new therapeutic approach that one day might be used to treat some of the more aggressive types of this disease. The results are published online in EMBO Molecular Medicine...
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - December 18, 2012 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer / Oncology Source Type: news

Cell-material interactions on biphasic polyurethane matrix.
In this study, we have demonstrated that nanostructured phase morphology of synthetic matrix can control adhesion, proliferation, organization and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Nanostructured biodegradable polyurethanes (PU) with segmental composition exhibit biphasic morphology at nanoscale dimensions and can control cellular features of MSCs. Biodegradable PU with polyester soft segment and hard segment composed of aliphatic diisocyanates and dipeptide chain extender were designed to examine the effect polyurethane phase morphology. By altering the polyurethane composition, morphological architecture ...
Source: Biomed Res - December 18, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Dicesare P, Fox WM, Hill MJ, Krishnan GR, Yang S, Sarkar D Tags: J Biomed Mater Res A Source Type: research

Global Remodeling of the Vascular Stem Cell Niche in Bone Marrow of Diabetic Patients: Implication of the miR-155/FOXO3a Signaling Pathway.
Conclusions: We provide new anatomical and molecular evidence for the damaging effect of diabetes on human BM, comprising microvascular rarefaction and shortage of PCs due to activation of pro-apoptotic pathway. PMID: 23250986 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - December 18, 2012 Category: Cardiology Authors: Spinetti G, Cordella D, Fortunato O, Sangalli E, Losa SP, Gotti A, Carnelli F, Rosa F, Riboldi S, Sessa F, Avolio E, Beltrami AP, Emanueli C, Madeddu PR Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Breast Cancer Stem Cells: We've got them surrounded.
Abstract Breast cancer stem cells are regulated by cell intrinsic pathways, as well as by elements in the tumor microenvironment. New evidence suggests an important interaction between the IL-8 receptor CXCR1/2 and HER2 are involved in this regulation. Simultaneous targeting of these pathways provides a novel therapeutic approach. PMID: 23251003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Cancer Research - December 18, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wicha MS, Korkaya H Tags: Clin Cancer Res Source Type: research

Impairment of glioma stem cell survival and growth by a novel inhibitor for Survivin/Ran protein complex.
CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of Survivin-Ran complex by LLP-3 abolishes GSCs' survival and growth both in vitro and in vivo, indicating an attractive novel therapeutic approach for GBM. PMID: 23251006 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Cancer Research - December 18, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Guvenc H, Pavlyukov MS, Kurt H, Joshi K, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK, Mao P, Hong C, Yamada R, Kwon CH, Bhasin D, Chettiar SN, Kitange GJ, Park IH, Sarkaria JN, Li C, Shakhparonov MI, Nakano I Tags: Clin Cancer Res Source Type: research

The effect of microgrooved culture substrates on calcium cycling of cardiac myocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) have been widely proposed as in vitro models of myocardial physiology and disease. A significant obstacle, however, is their immature phenotype. We hypothesised that Ca(2+) cycling of iPSC-CM is influenced by culture conditions and can be manipulated to obtain a more mature cellular behaviour. To test this hypothesis we seeded iPSC-CM onto fibronectin coated microgrooved polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffolds fabricated using photolithography, or onto unstructured PDMS membrane. After two weeks in culture, the structure and function of iPSC-CM ...
Source: Biomaterials - December 18, 2012 Category: Materials Science Authors: Rao C, Prodromakis T, Kolker L, Chaudhry UA, Trantidou T, Sridhar A, Weekes C, Camelliti P, Harding SE, Darzi A, Yacoub MM, Athanasiou T, Terracciano CM Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: research

Pifithrin-α Enhances the Survival of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells in Stroke Rats by Inhibiting p53 Nuclear Translocation.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that PFT-α enhances the survival of grafted NSCs through the inhibition of p53 translocation into the nucleus. PMID: 23253187 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 18, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lei XH, Zhao D, Li YL, Li XF, Sun X, Du WZ, Sun Y, Hao ZF, Xin SY, Liu C, Zhang ZR, Jiang CL Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

mTOR: on target for novel therapeutic strategies in the nervous system.
Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the key component of the protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, plays a critical role in cellular development, tissue regeneration, and repair. mTOR signaling can govern not only stem cell development and quiescence but also cell death during apoptosis or autophagy. Recent studies highlight the importance of both traditional and newly recognized interactors of mTOR, such as p70S6K, 4EBP1, GSK-3β, REDD1/RTP801, TSC1/TSC2, growth factors, wingless, and forkhead transcription factors, that influence Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, tubero...
Source: Trends in Molecular Medicine - December 18, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S Tags: Trends Mol Med Source Type: research

Forced mastication increases survival of adult neural stem cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.
In this study, we examined the effect of forced mastication on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mice. Six-week-old mice were subjected to either a hard or normal diet for 13 weeks. They received a daily injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 12 consecutive days beginning at 14 weeks of age. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the DG was counted 1 day after and 5 weeks after the final BrdU injection. The number of BrdU-positive cells 1 day after injection did not differ between the 2 diet groups. However, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the group fed the hard diet was significantly i...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - December 18, 2012 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Akazawa Y, Kitamura T, Fujihara Y, Yoshimura Y, Mitome M, Hasegawa T Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: research

Current and Potential Treatments for Cervical Cancer.
Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common carcinoma in women worldwide. Despite increasing efforts to improve therapy in this disease, a significant proportion of women still die, mostly from recurrent or chemoresistant disease. This review discusses current treatments for early cervical cancer, advanced disease, and recurrent cervical cancer, and covers concurrent chemoradiation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and radiation, single agent treatment, combination treatment, platinum-based and non-platinum based therapy. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer including t...
Source: Current Cancer Drug Targets - December 18, 2012 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yee GP, de Souza P, Khachigian LM Tags: Curr Cancer Drug Targets Source Type: research

Seven diverse human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrogenic clonal embryonic progenitor cell lines display site-specific cell fates.
Conclusion: The scalability of site-specific clonal human embryonic stem cell-derived embryonic progenitor cell lines may provide novel models for the study of differentiation and methods for preparing purified and identified cells types for use in therapy. Original submitted 16 October 2012; Revised submitted 22 November 2012. PMID: 23249126 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Regenerative Medicine - December 18, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Sternberg H, Kidd J, Murai JT, Jiang J, Rinon A, Erickson IE, Funk WD, Wang Q, Chapman KB, Vangsness Jr CT, West MD Tags: Regen Med Source Type: research

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry: Volume 114, Number 2, February, 2013
Abstract Cover: The Cover presents an image of fibiddast‐like mesenchymal stem cells. Please see article in this issue by Guan et Al., pages 323–335. Cover designed by Lucia Sagredo Sanchez.
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - December 18, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Tags: Cover Source Type: research

EMT markers in lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusion spheroid cells
Abstract Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a process in which cells undergo a developmental switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. This process has been related to embryologic morphogenesis but also to cancer progression and metastasis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of EMT related markers in adherent and spheroid cell cultures derived from Malignant Pleural Effusions (MPEs) of patients affected by lung adenocarcinoma. On the basis of efficient in vitro propagation, six cases of MPEs were selected and analyzed by immunocytochemistry staining for EMT markers and by R...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - December 18, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Enrico Giarnieri, Claudia De Vitis, Alessia Noto, Giuseppe Roscilli, Gerardo Salerno, Salvatore Mariotta, Alberto Ricci, Bruno Pierdonato, Giuseppe Russo, Andrea Laurenzi, Maria Rosaria Giovagnoli, Gennaro Ciliberto, Rita Mancini Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Itch, an e3 ligase of oct4, is required for embryonic stem cell self‐renewal and pluripotency induction
Abstract Itch, a C2‐WW‐HECT domain ubiquitin E3 ligase, plays an important role in various biological processes. However, its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains unknown. Here, we report that Itch interacts with and targets pluripotency‐associated transcription factor Oct4 for ubiquitination. Moreover, Itch enhances Oct4 transcriptional activities and controls Oct4 protein stability dependent on its catalytic activity. Importantly, silencing Itch expression compromises ESC self‐renewal capacity and somatic cell reprogramming efficiency. Taken together, our study identifies Itch as a regulator of Oct4 stabil...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - December 18, 2012 Category: Cytology Authors: Bing Liao, Xiaoming Zhong, Huiming Xu, Feng Xiao, Zhuoqing Fang, Junjie Gu, Yue Chen, Yingming Zhao, Ying Jin Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research