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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 26.

Cattle herd vulnerability to rainfall variability: responses to two management scenarios in southern Ethiopia
Abstract We examine how the system of grazing management of cattle in savanna rangelands affects the herd response to drought. We have used long-term time series data to evaluate the effects of management on drought-induced cattle mortality using traditional livestock management practices. There was no control of stocking densities, as compared to a government ranch where stocking densities would be adjusted in accordance with available pasture. We tested the responses under two scenarios. Scenario 1: Response of cattle herds to inter-annual rainfall variability (IRV) under a regulated grazing management syst...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - October 6, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Tropical Animal Health and Production Source Type: research

Tropical tanniniferous legumes used as an option to mitigate sheep enteric methane emission
This study presents the first results from Brazil using SF6 tracer technique adapted from cattle to evaluate the capability of condensed tannin (CT) present in three tropical legume forages, Leucaena leucocephala (LEU), Styzolobium aterrimum (STA), and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth (MIM) to reduce enteric CH4 production in Santa Inês sheep. Twelve male lambs [27.88 ± 2.85 kg body weight (BW)] were allocated in individual metabolic cages for 20-day adaptation followed by 6 days for measuring dry matter intake (DMI) and CH4 emission. All lambs received water, mineral supplement, and Cynodon dactylon v. coa...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - October 6, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Tropical Animal Health and Production Source Type: research

Effect of three feeding management systems on some reproductive parameters of Scorpion mud turtles (Kinosternon scorpioides) in Brazil
Abstract Chelonians have been exploited since ancient times for their meat, eggs, fat, and offal, among other things. Among these animals, there is Scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) which is an omnivorous turtle with semiaquatic habits and is widely consumed in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different feeding management systems on the reproductive performance of captive-bred Scorpion mud turtles, including egg quality and chemical composition. Study animals included 15 males and 48 females, divided into three groups. Animals were fed with either a commercial diet o...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - October 6, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Tropical Animal Health and Production Source Type: research

Comparability of differential proteomics data generated from paired archival fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed samples by GeLC-MS/MS and spectral counting.
In conclusion, archival FFPE samples can be reliably used for differential proteomics studies employing a spectral counting GeLC-MS/MS approach, although some typical biases need to be taken into account, and FrFr specimens (when available) should still be considered as the gold standard for clinical proteomics. PMID: 23043969 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Proteomics - October 5, 2012 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tanca A, Pagnozzi D, Burrai GP, Polinas M, Uzzau S, Antuofermo E, Addis MF Tags: J Proteomics Source Type: research

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Syringohydromyelia and Segmental Hypoplasia of the Lumbar Spinal Cord in a Calf
Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - October 5, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. Testoni, S. Mazzariol, D.P. Daniele, A. Gentile Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Acute Deterioration and Death with Necrotizing Enteritis Associated with Lawsonia intracellularis in 4 Weanling Horses
Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - October 5, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: A.E. Page, L.H. Fallon, U.K. Bryant, D.W. Horohov, T.W. Luna, P.S. Marsh, N.M. Slovis, K.A. Sprayberry, A.T. Loynachan Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Erratum
Source: Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia - October 5, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Effect of yohimbine on detomidine induced changes in behavior, cardiac and blood parameters in the horse
Conclusions and clinical relevance Intravenous administration of yohimbine effectively reversed detomidine induced sedation, bradycardia, atrio‐ventricular heart block and hyperglycemia.
Source: Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia - October 5, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Heather K DiMaio Knych, Vanessa Covarrubias, Eugene P Steffey Source Type: research

The impact of acepromazine on the efficacy of crystalloid, dextran or ephedrine treatment in hypotensive dogs under isoflurane anesthesia
Conclusions and clinical relevance Acepromazine (0.05 mg kg−1 IV) enhanced the hypotensive effect of isoflurane, although it maintained CO. Administration of LR significantly worsens ABP initially by further vasodilation. D caused minimal improvement in ABP. At the infusion studied, Eph effectively countered the cardiovascular depression produced by deep isoflurane anesthesia, but extremes in ABP associated with initial vasoconstriction prevent our recommendation at this dose.
Source: Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia - October 5, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Melissa D Sinclair, Doris H Dyson Source Type: research

The stress signalling pathway nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 is activated in the liver of sows during lactation
Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that the Nrf2 pathway in the liver of sows is activated during lactation. The activation of Nrf2 pathway during lactation in sows might be interpreted as a physiologic means to counteract the inflammatory process and to protect the liver against damage induced by inflammatory signals and ROS.
Source: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica - October 5, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Susann RosenbaumRobert RingseisSonja HillenSabrina BeckerGeorg ErhardtGerald ReinerKlaus Eder Source Type: research

Pulpal and periodontal diseases increase triglyceride levels in diabetic rats
Conclusions We found that the association of pulpal and periodontal diseases with diabetes increased triglyceride levels in rats. Clinical significance Changes in lipid profile may be related to the presence of oral infections and diabetes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00784-012-0853-7Authors Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra, Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, R. José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, 1193 São Paulo, BrazilAguinaldo Cândido da Silva Facundo, Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual ...
Source: Clinical Oral Investigations - October 4, 2012 Category: Dentistry Tags: Clinical Oral Investigations Source Type: research

Notch Signaling Promotes Intestinal Crypt Fission in the Infant Rat
Conclusions We conclude that Notch signaling promotes crypt fission and growth of the intestine by maintaining low apoptosis of crypt cells. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2422-yAuthors Adrian G. Cummins, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, AustraliaJoshua A. Woenig, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, AustraliaRino P. Donato, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville Sou...
Source: Digestive Diseases and Sciences - October 4, 2012 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Digestive Diseases and Sciences Source Type: research

Spatially controlled photothermal heating of bladder tissue through single-walled carbon nanohorns delivered with a fiberoptic microneedle device
This study evaluates the utilization of sharp, silica, fiberoptic microneedle devices (FMDs) to deliver single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) serving as exogenous chromophores in conjunction with a 1,064-nm laser to amplify thermal treatment doses in a spatially controlled manner. Experiments were conducted to determine the lateral and depth dispersal of SWNHs in aqueous solution (0.05 mg/mL) infused through FMDs into the wall of healthy, inflated, ex vivo porcine bladders. SWNH-perfused bladder regions were irradiated with a free-space, CW, 1,064-nm laser in order to determine the SWNH efficacy as exogenous chro...
Source: Lasers in Medical Science - October 4, 2012 Category: Laser Surgery Tags: Lasers in Medical Science Source Type: research

Follow‐up study comparing necropsy rates and discrepancies between clinical and pathologic diagnoses at a veterinary teaching hospital: 2009 versus 1989 and 1999
ObjectivesA follow‐up, retrospective study to determine whether the proportion of discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses made during 2009, 1999 and 1989 and the proportion of dogs necropsied have changed. MethodsMedical records of 148 hospitalised dogs that died or were euthanased in a veterinary medical teaching hospital during 2009 were reviewed. Clinical and pathological diagnoses were recorded, categorised and compared to historical controls using a data set of 623 dogs from a previous study. ResultsThe proportion of discrepancies was significantly (P<0·001) lower in 2009 (14·9%), compared to ...
Source: The Journal of Small Animal Practice - October 4, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: G. Dank, G. Segev, D. Moshe, M. S. Kent Tags: Paper Source Type: research

Determination of the cause of selected canine urolith formation by advanced analytical methods
ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine the cause of selected canine urolith formation using less conventional but more advanced analytical methods. MethodsA routine laboratory specialising in urinary calculi analysis noticed a special type of core zone in some canine uroliths, which was typically made up of cylindrical holes. Of 4028 canine samples analysed, non‐absorbable suture material was detected in 9 (0·22%) cases. A hollow cylindrical central area was found in a further 13 (0·32%) samples. X‐ray microtomography (μCT) was utilised in order to reveal the channel structure inside this urolith sample. M...
Source: The Journal of Small Animal Practice - October 4, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. Kaiser, K. Stĕpánková, T. Koř istková, O. Šedo, G. Melnyk, M. Hartl, D. Paloušek, J. Kuc̆era Tags: Paper Source Type: research

Prevalence and nature of dentoalveolar injuries among patients with maxillofacial fractures
Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe findings of this study serve to encourage veterinarians to fully assess the oral cavity in patients with maxillofacial fractures as dentoalveolar injuries are common and can be predicted by age and mechanism of trauma.
Source: The Journal of Small Animal Practice - October 4, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. W. Soukup, B. L. Mulherin, C. J. Snyder Tags: Paper Source Type: research

Effect of analgesic therapy on clinical outcome measures in a randomized controlled trial using client-owned dogs with hip osteoarthritis
Background: Pain and impaired mobility because of osteoarthritis (OA) is common in dogs and humans. Efficacy studies of analgesic drug treatment of dogs with naturally occurring OA may be challenging, as a caregiver placebo effect is typically evident. However, little is known about effect sizes of common outcome-measures in canine clinical trials evaluating treatment of OA pain. Forty-nine client-owned dogs with hip OA were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled prospective trial. After a 1 week baseline period, dogs were randomly assigned to a treatment (ABT-116 -- transient receptor potential vanill...
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles - October 4, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Sarah MalekSusannah SampleZeev SchwartzBrett NemkePeer JacobsonElizabeth CozziSusan SchaeferJason BleedornGerianne HolzmanPeter Muir Source Type: research

Risk factors for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and resulting challenges for effective disease surveillance
Conclusions: Risk factors identified highlight the importance of biosecurity measures for the incursion of PRRSV infection. The results further indicate that a combined approach of surveillance for infection and disease diagnosis is needed to assist effective control and/or elimination of PRRSV from the pig population.
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles - October 4, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Martina VelasovaPablo AlarconSusanna WilliamsonBarbara Wieland Source Type: research

Shifting priorities in the aftermath of a Q fever epidemic in 2007 to 2009 in The Netherlands: from acute to chronic infection.
Abstract From 2007 to 2009, the Netherlands faced large seasonal outbreaks of Q fever, in which infected dairy goat farms were identified as the primary sources. Veterinary measures including vaccination of goats and sheep and culling of pregnant animals on infected farms seem to have brought the Q fever problem under control. However, the epidemic is expected to result in more cases of chronic Q fever among risk groups in the coming years. In the most affected area, in the south of the country, more than 12% of the population now have antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Questions remain about the follow-up of ac...
Source: Euro Surveill - October 3, 2012 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: van der Hoek W, Schneeberger PM, Oomen T, Wegdam-Blans MC, Dijkstra F, Notermans DW, Bijlmer HA, Groeneveld K, Wijkmans CJ, Rietveld A, Kampschreur LM, van Duynhoven Y Tags: Euro Surveill Source Type: research

Expression and localization of nodal in bovine oviduct and uterus during different functional stages of oestrus cycle and pregnancy
Abstract Members of TGF-β superfamily play a major role in the endometrial changes involved in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Their deregulated expression and action could lead to absolute or partial failure of embryo implantation. Nonetheless, the precise function and mechanism of many of these cytokines remain unclear. Nodal, a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily member, was characterized in the human and rodent uterus and implicated in the tissue remodeling events during menstruation and embryo implantation. In order to study its possible role in the cattle reproductive ...
Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology - October 3, 2012 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Histochemistry and Cell Biology Source Type: research

Pathway analysis in blood cells of pigs infected with classical swine fever virus: comparison of pigs that develop a chronic form of infection or recover
Abstract Infection of pigs with CSFV can lead to either acute disease, resulting in death or recovery, or chronic disease. The mechanisms by which CSFV manipulates the pig’s first line of defence to establish a chronic infection are poorly understood. Therefore, pigs were infected with moderately virulent CSFV, and whole blood was collected on a regular basis during a period of 18 days. Using whole-genome microarrays, time-dependent changes in gene expression were recorded in blood cells of chronically diseased pigs and pigs that recovered. Bioinformatics analysis of regulated genes indicated that dif...
Source: Archives of Virology - October 3, 2012 Category: Virology Tags: Archives of Virology Source Type: research

Host predilection and transmissibility of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus strains in domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and swine (Sus scrofa)
Conclusions: Differences in clinical presentation and extent and duration of viral shedding may have direct impacts on viral spread during epidemics. Viral transmission via animal-to-animal contact and insect vectored transmission are likely to occur at higher rates when affected animals are presenting severe clinical signs and shedding high concentrations of virus. More virulent viral strains resulting in more severe disease in livestock hosts are expected to spread more rapidly and greater distances during epidemics than those causing mild or inapparent signs.
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles - October 3, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Paul SmithElizabeth HowerthDeborah CarterElmer GrayRaymond NobletRoy BerghausDavid StallknechtDaniel Mead Source Type: research

Higher Education: Beyond the farm
Nature (2012). doi:10.1038/nj7418-131a Author: Amy Maxmen Veterinary expertise is an advantage for researchers hoping to stem disease outbreaks and bolster food safety.
Source: Nature - October 3, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Amy Maxmen Tags: Naturejobs Source Type: research

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: current status and strategies to a universal vaccine
Summary Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of PRRS, the most significant infectious disease currently affecting swine industry worldwide. In the United States alone, the economic losses caused by PRRS amount to more than 560 million US dollars every year. Due to immune evasion strategies and the antigenic heterogeneity of the virus, current commercial PRRSV vaccines (killed‐virus and modified‐live vaccines) are of unsatisfactory efficacy, especially against heterologous infection. Continuous efforts have been devoted to develop better PRRSV vaccines. Experimental PRRSV va...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - October 3, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: J. Hu, C. Zhang Tags: Review Source Type: research

Comparison of the efficacy of autogenous inactivated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) vaccines with that of commercial vaccines against homologous and heterologous challenges
Conclusions: The experimental homologous inactivated vaccines significantly shortened viremia upon challenge. Despite the concerns regarding the efficacy of the commercial attenuated vaccines used on the farms where the field isolates were obtained, use of commercial attenuated vaccines clearly shortened the viremic phase upon challenge. In contrast, the experimental heterologous inactivated vaccines and the commercial inactivated vaccine had no or only a limited influence on viremia. The observation that homologous BEI-inactivated vaccines can provide a more or less standardized, predictable degree of protection against a...
Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles - October 3, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Marc GeldhofMerijn VanheeWander Van BreedamJan Van DoorsselaereUladzimir KarniychukHans Nauwynck Source Type: research

Ethno-veterinary control of bovine dermatophilosis and ticks in Zhombe, Njelele and Shamrock resettlement in Zimbabwe
Abstract A structured questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the ethno-veterinary practices and other control methods used by smallholder farmers for the management of bovine dermatophilosis and ticks. A total of 153 farmers were interviewed from Njelele, Zhombe communal and Shamrock resettlement areas. Crop production contributed most to livelihoods (83.2 %) while livestock contributed 9.0 %. Over 90 % of the respondents had attended school up to primary level, with 11.4 % undergoing animal health and husbandry training. Treatment of livestock diseases was practised by 96 %...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - October 2, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Tropical Animal Health and Production Source Type: research

Nutritive value of fermented and amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprouts for growing pigs
Abstract Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at −4 °C. Four diets, a basal diet, bas...
Source: Tropical Animal Health and Production - October 2, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Tropical Animal Health and Production Source Type: research

Development and preliminary validation of an antibody filtration-assisted single-dilution chemiluminometric immunoassay for potency testing of Piscirickettsia salmonis vaccines.
This study reports the development and preliminary validation of a single-dilution filtration-assisted chemiluminometric immunoassay (SD FAL-ELISA) applied to measure anti Piscirickettsia salmonis IgM in individual or pooled serum and mucus samples. The assay was set up to test a single-dilution of the sample. Serum SD FAL-ELISA yielded a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 96%. SD FAL-ELISA was applied to evaluate pooled and individual samples from P. salmonis challenge assessments. Relative-light units values (RLU) obtained by SD FAL-ELISA were proportional to antibody levels in serum. RLU values obtained from poole...
Source: Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization - October 2, 2012 Category: Biotechnology Authors: Wilda M, Lavoria MA, Giráldez A, Franco-Mahecha OL, Mansilla F, Erguiz M, Iglesias ME, Capozzo AV Tags: Biologicals Source Type: research

In Vitro efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri
Conclusions: The atypical pathogen M. mycoides capri was sensitive to extracts from many medicinal plants commonly used as antimicrobials in states of preparation and concentrations currently available for purchase in the United States and Europe. Variation in bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities between species and extracts indicates that multiple effecter compounds are present in these plant species.
Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine - October 2, 2012 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Amanda ArjoonCharlotte SaylorMeghan May Source Type: research

Co-occurrence of resistance to different antibiotics among aquatic bacteria
Conclusions: We conclude that there is no massive spread of multiresistance determinants in the studied environment, although some specific cases can be found, awaiting for molecular characterization of the resistance mechanisms.
Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles - October 2, 2012 Category: Microbiology Authors: Veiko VoolaidArvi JõersVeljo KisandTanel Tenson Source Type: research

New emergency and specialty hospital for pets opens in Fairfax
MedVet Medical & Cancer Centers for Pets opened its new medical center in Fairfax Monday, offering medical services and 24-hour emergency care. The 30,000-square-foot hospital is staffed with clinical experts in veterinary anesthesiology, cardiology, internal medicine, oncology, surgery, rehabilitation, ophthalmology and neurology, as well as a team dedicated to emergency medicine. “We are very grateful for the tremendous support of the Greater Cincinnati and Tri-State community during the past…
Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Pharmaceuticals headlines - October 1, 2012 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Prevalence, organ distribution, risk factors, and financial losses of hydatid cysts in sheep and goats slaughtered in restaurants in Jimma, south western Oromia
In this study, a total of 168 from sheep and 135 cysts from goats collected from different infected organs were subjected to fertility and viability studies. Results of the study revealed that out of the total 95 (56.5 %) of the fertile cysts in sheep, 81 (85.3 %) were viable; however, the rest 14 (14.7 %) were nonviable. In goats, out of the total 59 (43.7 %) of the fertile cysts, 44 (74.6 %) were viable; however, the rest 15 (25.4 %) were nonviable. Significantly higher numbers of fertile cysts were recorded in the livers than in the lungs in both sheep and goats hosts. The total annual ...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - October 1, 2012 Category: Pathology Tags: Comparative Clinical Pathology Source Type: research

Erratum - CJVR 2012;76:174.
Authors: Abstract [This corrects the article on p. 174 in vol. 76.]. PMID: 23413318 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Can J Vet Res Source Type: research

Experience of the Use of Table-top Simulators as Alternatives in the Primary Surgical Training of Veterinary Undergraduate Students.
PMID: 23215665 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals : ATLA - October 1, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Perez-Rivero JJ, Rendon-Franco E Tags: Altern Lab Anim Source Type: research

Animal use in veterinary education - the need for a fourth R: respect.
PMID: 23215669 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals : ATLA - October 1, 2012 Category: Research Authors: Tiplady C Tags: Altern Lab Anim Source Type: research

Table of Contents
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: research

Abstracts
This report describes the deaths of 2 rainbow lorikeets and an eclectus parrot that developed minimal to no overt clinical signs over a 23-day period. The birds were housed in a mixed-species aviary. One of the lorikeets and the eclectus parrot were submitted for necropsy examination. The lorikeet was found on the aviary floor ataxic and unable to fly shortly before death. The eclectus parrot had been removed from the aviary because of cage-mate aggression and was being treated with dexamethasone, vitamins, and meloxicam before dying 3 days later with no overt clinical signs of illness. Sections of all organs from the necr...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Connie Orcutt Tags: Literature Review Source Type: research

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The Quick Reference Guide to Unique Pet Species is a full-color, highly visual digital resource that provides a clinical overview of exotic pet mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. The compiled information addresses husbandry, nutrition, and health issues for many of the species that are commonly presented to exotic animal practices. The list of international contributors includes dozens of veterinarians from both clinical and institutional practice. Most of the content has been adapted and expanded from exotic animal care articles that originally appeared in Exotic DVM magazine and were later pub...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Dan Johnson Tags: Literature Review Source Type: research

Diagnostic Challenge
A 5-year-old female sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) was presented to the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine (Baton Rouge, LA USA) as an emergency for disuse and injury of the right pelvic limb. Two days prior, the owner had found the sugar glider with her pelvic limbs caught in a towel, but the pet appeared to recover without difficulty. However, early on the day of presentation, the owner found the animal with her right pelvic limb caught in the cage. Since the second incident, the sugar glider had reportedly been dragging the leg behind her, had decreased appetite and energy, and was unusually agg...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Krista L. Jones, Thomas N. Tully Tags: Diagnostic Challenge Source Type: research

Therapeutic Review: Alfaxalone
Alfaxalone (3-alpha-hydroxy-5-alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione) is a neurosteroid anesthetic widely used by veterinarians in Australia and the United Kingdom. Neuroactive steroid compounds have been used as anesthetic agents in human and veterinary medicine for more than 50 years. These therapeutic agents serve as agonists of the GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptor, leading to hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron cell membrane through increased transmembrane chloride ion transport. Therefore, neuroactive steroid compounds lead to inhibition of action potential propagation and decreased activation of pathways related to...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Krista L. Jones Tags: Therapeutic Review Source Type: research

An Update on Ferret Lymphoma: A Proposal for a Standardized Classification of Ferret Lymphoma
Abstract: Lymphoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions in ferrets in the United States and in Europe. Despite the high frequency of occurrence, ferret lymphoma is poorly understood and is considered to be one of the more difficult diseases to diagnose accurately and successfully treat in these animals. An update on ferret lymphoma will be provided, along with a proposal to standardize a classification system for this common disease presentation.
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jörg Mayer, Kristine Burgess Tags: AEMV Forum Source Type: research

Successful Treatment of Idiopathic Sebaceous Adenitis in a Lionhead Rabbit
Abstract: A 15-month-old, ovariohysterectomized female Lionhead rabbit was presented with generalized chronic exfoliative dermatitis and patchy alopecia. General physical examination revealed no abnormalities apart from a body condition score of 4 of 9. Ectoparasitic infestation, dermatophytosis, Malassezia dermatitis, epitheliotropic lymphoma, thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis-associated exfoliative dermatitis were excluded on the basis of skin scrapings, fungal culture, cutaneous histopathology, thoracic radiography, and the results of hematologic and biochemical analyses. Histopatholog...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Marcel Kovalik, Keith L. Thoday, Kevin Eatwell, Adri H.M. van den Broek Tags: AEMV Forum Source Type: research

Comparison of 4.7-mg Deslorelin Implants and Surgery for the Treatment of Adrenocortical Disease in Ferrets
Abstract: Ferrets exhibiting overt clinical signs consistent with adrenocortical disease (ACD) were separated into 2 treatment groups. One group received surgical therapy (n = 28), whereas the other group was administered a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant (n = 35). Each group was evaluated for clinical response to therapy and time to return of overt disease signs. The mortality rate was calculated for the deslorelin group and for a larger pool of surgical cases (n = 54). This larger surgical group included ferrets for which follow-up to evaluate time to return of disease was not possible. The time from treatment to retu...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Angela M. Lennox, Robert Wagner Tags: AEMV Forum Source Type: research

Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Tegus (Tupinambis spp.)
This article describes the prevalence of Salmonella spp., distribution of serotypes, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns from isolates cultured from cloacal swabs obtained from 14 tegu lizards (Tupinambis spp.). Eighteen strains of Salmonella belonging to different serotypes were obtained from the 14 tegu lizards. Of the 18 Salmonella spp. isolates, 8 (44.4%) were from Salmonella subspecies I, with a majority of isolates belonging to the Eastbourne serotype (3 strains), Nottingham serotype (2 strains), and Brancaster serotype (2 strains), and only 1 belonging to the Apapa serotype. Less common serotypes were detected in...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Cristina Giacopello, Maria Foti, Vittorio Fisichella, Giuseppe Latella, Aurora Aleo, Caterina Mammina Tags: Research Source Type: research

Emergency Presentations Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in Exotic Herbivores
Abstract: Exotic animals, including small herbivores, are increasing in popularity as companion animals. Commonly owned exotic herbivores include guinea pigs, chinchillas, and rabbits. These animals fall into the category of prey species with an inherent instinct to hide their illness until severely affected by the disease process. Therefore, any of these animals presented as an emergency case must be carefully evaluated for chronic underlying illness. Cardiovascular emergency and critical care principles are similar across all mammalian species. However, specialized techniques and adaptations are occasionally required be...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Rodney Schnellbacher, Emily E. Olson, Joerg Mayer Tags: Topics in Medicine and Surgery: Emergency Presentation of Exotic Mammal Herbivores Source Type: research

Emergency Presentations of the Exotic Small Mammalian Herbivore Trauma Patient
Abstract: Trauma is a common complaint by owners of small exotic mammalian herbivores (e.g., rabbits, rodents) presented to veterinary hospitals. The term “trauma” is a broad disease category applied to patients with physical debilitation associated with injury often classified as “blunt,” “penetrating,” or “burn” in origin. Because many small exotic mammalian herbivores are prey animals, clinical signs of trauma may be masked until the effects of the injury outweigh the innate nature to survive. Small exotic mammalian herbivores are disproportionately sensitive to stress; thus, pain management and support...
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Dan H. Johnson Tags: Topics in Medicine and Surgery: Emergency Presentation of Exotic Mammal Herbivores Source Type: research

Emergency Presentations of Exotic Mammal Herbivores
This article describes a selection of chronic disease conditions that one may diagnose in guinea pigs (e.g., hypovitaminosis C, trixacariasis, urolithiasis, dental disease), chinchillas (e.g., dental disease), and rabbits (e.g., dental disease, renal failure, cranial thoracic mass disease). Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease problems diagnosed in companion exotic mammal herbivores are covered elsewhere in this journal issue.
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: David Vella Tags: Topics in Medicine and Surgery: Emergency Presentation of Exotic Mammal Herbivores Source Type: research

Critical Care of the Exotic Companion Mammal (With a Focus on Herbivorous Species): The First Twenty-Four Hours
Abstract: The number of pet herbivorous exotic mammals is increasing, and their owners are demanding quality medical care. Successful treatment of the critical herbivorous exotic mammal patient is complicated by small patient size, physiological diversity, and a lack of research and clinical data regarding therapeutic response to disease conditions. Despite these impediments, the same principles and techniques used in other domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, can be applied to the herbivorous exotic mammal patient.
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Marla Lichtenberger, Angela M. Lennox Tags: Topics in Medicine and Surgery: Emergency Presentation of Exotic Mammal Herbivores Source Type: research

Introduction: Emergency Presentation of Exotic Mammal Herbivores
It is near closing time and the call comes in: an anorexic rabbit in distress. The local emergency facilities are turning down non-traditional exotic pet species, and the local exotics expert is … you! At this point, you are already formulating a differential diagnosis and may have a plan in mind, but are you and your team truly prepared?
Source: Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine - October 1, 2012 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Marla Lichtenberger Tags: Topics in Medicine and Surgery: Emergency Presentation of Exotic Mammal Herbivores Source Type: research