Virology This is an OPML file. It can be used to export all the MedWorm RSS feeds on this topic into your personal RSS reader (usually you have to save this file to your own computer before clicking on an Import OPML command in your own feed reader to upload the file which will then import all the feeds) or it can be used by webmasters to integrate MedWorm feeds with their own website. This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader, such as GoogleReader, or to display this data on your own website or blog. Subscribe to this data using MyMedWorm.Subscribe to this data using GoogleReader.Subscribe to this data using Bloglines.Subscribe to this data using MyYahoo.

This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 6.

Interferon‐gamma with peginterferon alpha‐2a and ribavirin in nonresponder patients with chronic hepatitis C (ANRS HC16 GAMMATRI)
ConclusionAmong the strictly selected nonresponders, IFN‐γ‐1b (at a dosage of 100 μg thrice a week) in combination with PEG‐IFN‐α‐2a and ribavirin failed to show virological efficacy.
Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - January 22, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Patrice Couzigou, Sophie Pérusat, Marc Bourlière, Pascale Trimoulet, Thierry Poynard, Vincent Leroy, Patrick Marcellin, Juliette Foucher, Jean‐Pierre Bronowicki, Geneviève Chêne, Tags: Hepatology Source Type: research

Environmental surveillance of enterovirus in Northern India using an integrated shell vial culture with a semi‐nested RT PCR and partial sequencing of the VP1 gene
Abstract Enteroviruses have been reported in epidemic form during last 10 years in northern India. Environmental surveillance of sewage is the method of choice in limited resources countries for detection of enterovirus serotypes circulating in the community. Twenty‐four sewage samples collected between January, 2009 and December, 2010 were tested for enterovirus by using a new modified integrated shell vial culture (ISVC) with a semi‐nested RT‐PCR of a partial VP1 gene and virus isolation integrated with semi‐nested RT‐PCR of a partial VP1 gene. Twenty‐one (87.5%) out of 24 samples were positive for enteroviru...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - January 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Deepti Shukla, Arvind Kumar, Shalini Srivastava, Mohammad Z. Idris, Tapan N. Dhole Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Allium sativum‐derived allitridin inhibits treg amplification in cytomegalovirus infection
In conclusion, allitridin can promote MCMV‐induced Treg expansion and Treg‐mediated anti‐MCMV immunosuppression. Therefore, allitridin may be useful as a therapeutic agent to enhance the specific cellular immune responses against CMV. J. Med. Virol. 85:493–500, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - January 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Ya‐nan Li, Fei Huang, Xing‐lou Liu, Sai‐nan Shu, Yong‐jian Huang, Huan‐ji Cheng, Feng Fang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C and B virus infections in hemodialysis patients and their spouses: A multicenter study in Beijing, China
This study investigated the prevalences and risk factors of HCV and HBV infection and the distribution of HCV genotypes among hemodialysis patients and their spouses. From August to November 2011, a cross‐sectional study was conducted on 20 hemodialysis units in Beijing to investigate prevalences and risk factors for markers of HCV and HBV among 2,120 patients and 409 spouses. In hemodialysis patients, prevalences of anti‐HCV, HCV RNA, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were 6.1%, 4.6%, and 7.0%, respectively. The prevalence of HCV antibodies among spouses was 0.5%, of HCV RNA was 0.2%, and of HBsAg was 4.2%. Risk...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - January 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Yingying Su, Ruixue Yan, Zhongping Duan, Jessie L. Norris, Lu Wang, Yan Jiang, Wenge Xing, Yu Chen, Yao Xiao, Lu Li, Jun Tao, Ning Wang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Subtype CRF01_AE dominate the sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Guangxi, China
In this study, HIV‐1 seropositive drug‐naïve patients infected by heterosexual transmission were enrolled. The full length gag and pol genes were sequenced followed by phylogenetic analysis, recombinant analysis and drug resistant analysis. Multiple subtypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (80.1%), CRF07_BC (6.4%), CRF08_BC (10.2%), subtype B (1.7%), and URFs (1.7%). In the phylogenetic tree, two large CRF01_AE clusters were identified. One cluster is originating from Vietnam strains as being reported previously in intravenous drug users. One novel cluster was identified and showed close relationship to strains fr...
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - January 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Lin Li, Lili Chen, Shujia Liang, Wei Liu, Tianyi Li, Yongjian Liu, Hanping Li, Zuoyi Bao, Xiaolin Wang, Jingyun Li Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus genotype C/C1 in the Minangkabau ethnic group in Indonesia
Conclusion: HBV/C with subgenotype C1 was the predominant HBV genotype among HBV carriers of Minangkabau ethnicity. The prevalence of pre-S, A1762T/G1764A, and T1753V genotypes was higher among the Minangkabau compared to Indonesian HBV carriers in general.
Source: Virology Journal - January 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Marlinang SiburianAndi UtamaRama DhenniArnelis ArnelisIsmail FananyMariana IntanTri KurniasihFebi AndrianiSzeifoul AfadlalErlys JuliantoWidyarman RasmanNasrul ZubirGeorge Mathew Source Type: research

Strategies to Develop Antivirals against Enterovirus 71
A timely review of small molecules that may be effective against the emerging pathogen, Enterovirus 71, cause of hand, foot and mouth disease, including known drug resistance and animal models for evaluating efficacy
Source: Virology Journal - January 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Rei-Lin KuoShin-Ru Shih Source Type: research

Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic
Conclusion: This suggests the widespread existence of highly divergent HIV lineages in Cameroon. While the genetic complexity of the Cameroonian HIV-1 epidemic has potentially serious implications for the design of biomedical interventions, detailed analyses of divergent Cameroonian HIV-1M lineages could be crucial for dissecting the earliest evolutionary steps in the emergence of HIV-1M.
Source: Virology Journal - January 22, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Marcel TongoDarren MartinLycias ZembeEitel Mpoudi-NgoleCarolyn WilliamsonWendy Burgers Source Type: research

Epidemiology of Mammalian Hepatitis E Virus Infection
Intervirology (DOI:10.1159/000342301)
Source: Intervirology - January 21, 2013 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Polymorphisms near Interleukin 28B Gene Are Not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Clearance, Hepatitis B e Antigen Clearance and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence
Intervirology (DOI:10.1159/000342526)
Source: Intervirology - January 21, 2013 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Epidemiology of Mammalian Hepatitis E Virus Infection
Intervirology (DOI:10.1159/000342301)
Source: Intervirology - January 21, 2013 Category: Virology Source Type: research

The Cellular Protein TIP47 Restricts Respirovirus Multiplication Leading to Decreased Virus Particle Production.
Abstract The cellular tail-interacting 47-kDa protein (TIP47) acts positively on HIV-1 and Vaccinia virus production. We show here that TIP47, in contrast, acts as a restriction factor for Sendai virus production. This conclusion is supported by the occurrence of increased or decreased virus production upon its suppression or overexpression, respectively. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling of viral proteins under conditions of TIP47 suppression reveals an increased rate of viral protein synthesis followed by increased incorporation of viral proteins into virus particles. TIP47 is here described for the first time as a ...
Source: Virus Research - January 21, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Bampi C, Grenet AS, Caignard G, Vidalain PO, Roux L Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Quantitation of HIV DNA integration: effects of differential integration site distributions on Alu-PCR assays.
Abstract In many studies of HIV replication, it is useful to quantify the number of HIV proviruses in cells against a background of unintegrated forms of the HIV DNA. A popular method for doing so involves quantitative PCR using one primer complementary to the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR), and a second primer complementary to a cellular Alu repeat, so that PCR product only forms from templates where a provirus is integrated in the human genome near an Alu repeat. However, several recent studies have identified conditions that alter distributions of HIV integration sites relative to genes. Because Alu repeats are ...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - January 21, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Brady T, Kelly BJ, Male F, Roth S, Bailey A, Malani N, Gijbsers R, O'Doherty U, Bushman FD Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: research

Direct-acting antiviral therapies for hepatitis C genotype 1 infection: a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis
Discussion: Boceprevir and telaprevir exhibit similar effects among hepatitis C genotype 1 treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients.
Source: QJM - January 21, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Cooper, C., Lester, R., Thorlund, K., Druyts, E., El Khoury, A. C., Yaya, S., Mills, E. J. Tags: Original papers Source Type: research

Genetic heterogeneity and subtyping of human Hepatitis E virus isolates from Uruguay.
Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important public health concern in many developing countries causing waterborne outbreaks, as well as sporadic autochthonous hepatitis. It is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. However, zoonotic transmission from animal reservoirs to human has also been suggested. Genotype 3 is the most frequent genotype found in South America and the HEV epidemiology in this region seems to be very complex. However, data about the molecular characterization of HEV isolates of the region is still lacking and further investigation is needed. Our study characterized human H...
Source: Virus Research - January 20, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Mirazo S, Ramos N, Russi JC, Arbiza J Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

HSV-1 strain McKrae is more neuroinvasive than HSV-1 KOS after corneal or vaginal inoculation in mice.
Abstract Strains of HSV-1 have been noted to vary in their pathogenesis. We compared the replication of strains KOS and McKrae in mice by two routes of infection, ocular and vaginal. Peripheral replication of KOS was similar (cornea) or attenuated over time (vagina) compared with McKrae; however, McKrae replicated in the nervous system to significantly higher levels than KOS after inoculation by either route. Host genetic background strongly influenced the capacity for virus entry into the nervous system from the vagina. KOS and McKrae replicated equivalently after intracranial inoculation, indicating that McKrae's...
Source: Virus Research - January 20, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Wang H, Davido DJ, Morrison LA Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

A mouse mammary epithelial cell line permissive for highly efficient human adenovirus growth.
Abstract Although a few immunocompetent animal models to study the immune response against human adenoviruses (HAdV) are available, such as Syrian hamsters and cotton rats, HAdV replication is several logs lower compared to human control cells. We have identified a non-transformed mouse epithelial cell line (NMuMG) where HAdV-2 gene expression and progeny formation was as efficient as in the highly permissive human A549 cells. HAdV from species, D and E (HAdV-37 and HAdV-4, respectively) also caused a rapid cytopathic effect in NMuMG cells, while HAdV from species A, B1, B2 and F (HAdV-12, HAdV-3, HAdV-11 and HAdV-...
Source: Virology - January 20, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Wu C, Oberg D, Rashid A, Gupta R, Mignardi M, Johansson S, Akusjärvi G, Svensson C Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Canine distemper virus with the intact C protein has the potential to replicate in human epithelial cells by using human nectin4 as a receptor.
Abstract Recent outbreaks in monkeys have proven that canine distemper virus (CDV) causes diseases in a wide range of mammals. CDV uses SLAM and nectin4 as receptors to replicate in susceptible animals. Here, we show that human nectin4, but not human SLAM, is fully functional as a CDV receptor. The CDV Ac96I strain hardly replicated in nectin4-expressing human epithelial NCI-H358 cells, but readily adapted to grow in them. Unsurprisingly, no amino acid change in the H protein was required for the adaptation. The original Ac96I strain possessed a truncated C protein, and a subpopulation possessing the intact C prote...
Source: Virology - January 20, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Otsuki N, Sekizuka T, Seki F, Sakai K, Kubota T, Nakatsu Y, Chen S, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K, Yamaguchi R, Kuroda M, Takeda M Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Interactions between E6AP and E6 proteins from alpha and beta HPV types.
In this study, a proteomic analysis of cells transfected with the E6 proteins from cutaneous HPV types specifically identified E6-interacting proteins involved in the ubiquitination pathways. These include the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases E6AP and UBR4/p600. We also show that E6AP can contribute towards the steady-state levels of E6 and, conversely, that certain E6 proteins, in addition to those derived from the high-risk mucosal HPV types, can enhance levels of E6AP turnover. These results define important differences and commonalities in how HPV E6 proteins of mucosal and cutaneous origin interact with cellular ubiquitin...
Source: Virology - January 20, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Thomas M, Tomaić V, Pim D, Myers MP, Tommasino M, Banks L Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Simian-Human immunodeficiency viruses expressing chimeric subtype B/C Vpu proteins demonstrate the importance of the amino terminal and transmembrane domains in the rate of CD4(+) T cell loss in macaques.
In this study, we have generated SHIVs that express either the subtype B or subtype C N-terminal (NTD) and transmembrane (TMD) domains and the opposing cytoplasmic domain (SHIV(VpuBC), SHIV(VpuCB)). In culture systems, SHIV(VpuBC) replicated faster than SHIV(VpuCB) while both proteins exhibited similar ability to down-modulate CD4 surface expression. Following inoculation into macaques, SHIV(VpuBC) resulted in rapid CD4(+) T cell loss similar to the parental SHIV(KU-1bMC33), while the rate of CD4(+) T cell loss in those inoculated with SHIV(VpuCB) was intermediate of SHIV(SCVpu) and SHIV(KU-1bMC33). These results emphasize...
Source: Virology - January 20, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Ruiz A, Schmitt K, Culley N, Stephens EB Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus E protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and up-regulates interleukin-8 expression
Conclusions: This study shows that the PEDV E protein is localized in the ER and the nucleus and it can cause ER stress. The PEDV E protein had no effect on the IEC growth and cell cycle. In addition, the PEDV E protein is able to up-regulate IL-8 and Bcl-2 expression.
Source: Virology Journal - January 19, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Xingang XuHonglei ZhangQi ZhangJie DongYabing LiangYong HuangHung-Jen LiuDewen Tong Source Type: research

Structure determination from a single high-pressure-frozen virus crystal
Successful cryogenic X-ray structure determination from a single high-pressure-frozen bovine enterovirus 2 crystal is reported. The presented high-pressure-freezing procedure is based on a commercially available device and allows the cryocooling of macromolecular crystals directly in their mother liquor without the time- and crystal-consuming search for optimal cryoconditions. The method is generally applicable and will allow cryogenic data collection from all types of macromolecular crystals.
Source: Acta Crystallographica Section D - January 19, 2013 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Burkhardt, A.Wagner, A.Warmer, M.Reimer, R.Hohenberg, H.Ren, J.Fry, E.E.Stuart, D.I.Meents, A. Tags: virology cryocooling high-pressure-freezing short communications Source Type: research

Infant mouse brain passaged Dengue serotype 2 virus induces non-neurological disease with inflammatory spleen collapse in AG129 mice after splenic adaptation.
Abstract AG129 mice are known to be permissive to infection by multiple serotypes of Dengue virus (DENV). There exists a concern that mouse passaged strains of the virus may induce neurological complications rather than increased vascular permeability in these mice, hence the use of human clinical isolates of the virus to develop the AG129 mouse model of Dengue disease with increased vascular permeability. The present study evaluated four mouse brain passaged DENV strains, each belonging to a different serotype and three of them having an original isolation history in India, for their suitability to serve as candid...
Source: Virus Research - January 18, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Rajmane Y, Shaikh S, Basha K, Reddy GE, Nair S, Kamath S, Sreejesh G, Rao H, Ramana V, Kumar AS Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

A multicenter survey of re‐treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C in Japan
Conclusion: Relapse after previous treatment and a low baseline HCV RNA level have predictive values for a favorable response of PEG IFN plus ribavirin re‐treatment for HCV genotype 1 patients. Re‐treatment for 72 weeks may lead to clinical improvement for genotype 1 patients with complete early virological response and without rapid virological response on re‐treatment.
Source: Hepatology Research - January 18, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Tsugiko Oze, Naoki Hiramatsu, Eiji Mita, Norio Akuta, Naoya Sakamoto, Hiroaki Nagano, Yoshito Itoh, Shuichi Kaneko, Namiki Izumi, Hideyuki Nomura, Norio Hayashi, Tetsuo Takehara Tags: Special Report Source Type: research

Simultaneous detection and differentiation of Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) by duplex real time RT-PCR
Conclusion: The duplex RT-qPCR assay provided as a sufficiently sensitive, specific, accurate, reproducible and rapid tool for the detection and differentiation of RBSDV and SRBSDV. The RT-qPCR assay can be used in routine diagnostic of these two viruses in order to study the disease epidemiology in rice crops.
Source: Virology Journal - January 18, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Peng ZhangThi MarWenwen LiuLi LiXifeng Wang Source Type: research

Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence among 12 393 rural women of childbearing age in Hainan Province, China: a cross-sectional study
Conclusions: There is a high HBsAg seroprevalence rate among rural women of childbearing age in Hainan province. Hence, it is necessary to take preventive measures to reduce the seroprevalence of HBsAg and to control its associated risk factors.
Source: Virology Journal - January 18, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Yu ZhangWeiming FangLichun FanXiaohui GaoYan GuoWenming HuangYukai Du Source Type: research

Restriction of V3 region sequence divergence in the HIV-1 envelope gene during antiretroviral treatment in a cohort of recent seroconverters
The authors show, through a cross-sectional study of sequence diversity of the env V3 in 30 antiretroviral-naive patients during primary infection that considerable population structure diversity exists, with some individuals exhibiting highly constrained plasma virus diversity. Diversity was independent of clinical markers (viral load, time from seroconversion, CD4 cell count) of infection.
Source: Retrovirology - January 18, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Astrid GallSteve KayeStéphane HuéDavid BonsallRichard RanceGregory BaillieSarah FidlerJonathan WeberMyra McClurePaul Kellam Source Type: research

Clash of the microbes: let’s bring back the good guys
A 38-year-old man with a history of HIV infection virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy presents to his gastroenterologist for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia and weight loss. A diagnostic colonoscopy demonstrates a two-centimeter ulcerated mass in the cecum. Biopsies of the lesion return moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma that is wild type for the KRAS mutation by real-time PCR.
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 17, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Martin J. Wolff, Michael A. Poles, Judith A. Aberg Source Type: research

Recombinant equine herpes virus 1 (EHV-1) vaccine protects pigs against challenge with influenza A(H1N1)pmd09.
Abstract Swine influenza virus (SIV) is not only an important respiratory pathogen in pigs but also a threat to human health. The pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus likely originated in swine through reassortment between a North American triple reassortant and Eurasian avian-like SIV. The North American triple reassortant virus has genes from avian, human and swine influenza viruses. An effective vaccine may protect the pork industry from economic losses and curb the development of new virus variants that may threaten public health. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant equine herpesvi...
Source: Virus Research - January 17, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Said A, Lange E, Beer M, Damiani A, Osterrieder N Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Aptamers targeting rabies virus-infected cells inhibit viral replication both in vitro and in vivo.
In this study, sixteen high-affinity single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers were generated by cell-SELEX. Viral titer assays revealed aptamers could specifically inhibit the replication of RABV in cells but did not inhibit the replication of canine distemper virus or canine parvovirus. In addition, the FO21 and FO24 aptamers, with and without PEGylation, were found to effectively protect mice against lethal RABV challenge. When mice were inoculated with aptamers for 24h prior to inoculation with CVS-11, approximately 87.5% of the mice survived. Here, we report aptamers that could significantly protect the mice from a lethal ...
Source: Virus Research - January 17, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Liang HR, Liu Q, Zheng XX, Gai WW, Xue XH, Hu GQ, Wu HX, Wang HL, Yang ST, Xia XZ Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research

Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical use of HIV integrase inhibitors
Source: PLoS One Area: News Integrase inhibitors have swiftly been adopted as part of current antiretroviral regimens. This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried of current evidence regarding the use of these agents in various clinical settings. A search was conducted of the literature from April 2006 until November 2012, for RCTs and non-RCTs, and cohort studies. A total of 48 unique studies (including 15 abstract-only reports) were included on the use of integrase inhibitors in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients and treatment-experienced patients with either virological failure or switching to in...
Source: NeLM - News - January 17, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Systemic distribution of different low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses in chicken
Conclusion: We speculate that chicken isolated LPAI viruses are spreading systemically in chicken, independently of the strain.
Source: Virology Journal - January 17, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Jacob PostEveline de GeusLonneke VerveldeJan CornelissenJohanna Rebel Source Type: research

Cellular Immunogenicity of a Multi-Epitope Peptide Vaccine Candidate Based on Hepatitis C Virus NS5A, NS4B and Core Proteins in HHD-2 Mice.
Abstract To develop a vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV), a multi-epitope peptide was synthesized from nonstructural proteins containing HLA-A2 epitopes inducing mainly responses in natural infection. The engineered vaccine candidate, VAL-44, consists of multiple epitopes from the HCV NS5A, NS4B and core proteins. Immunization with the VAL-44 peptide induced higher CTL responses than those by the smaller VL-20 peptide. VAL-44 induced antigen-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. VAL-44 elicited a Th1-biased immune response with secretion of high amounts of IFN-γ and IL-2, compared with VL-2...
Source: Journal of Virological Methods - January 16, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Huang XJ, Lü X, Lei YF, Yang J, Yao M, Lan HY, Zhang JM, Jia ZS, Yin W, Xu ZK Tags: J Virol Methods Source Type: research

Evaluation of Antiherpetic Activity of Crude Extract and Fractions of Avicenna marina, in vitro.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, LMEG isolated from A. marina could probably inhibit HSV attachment to the cell membrane and it's entry into the cell. PMID: 23333436 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Antiviral Research - January 16, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Behbahani M, Zadeh MS, Kar HM Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research

Characterization of dominant-negative and temperature-sensitive mutants of tombusvirus replication proteins affecting replicase assembly.
Abstract The assembly of the viral replicase complex (VRC) on subcellular membranes is a key step in the replication process of plus-stranded RNA viruses. In this work, we have identified lethal and temperature sensitive (ts) point mutations within the essential p33:p33/p92 interaction domain of p33 and p92 replication proteins of Cucumber necrosis virus, a tombusvirus. Mutations within the p33:p33/p92 interaction domain also affected viral RNA recombination in yeast model host. An in vitro approach based on yeast cell free extract demonstrated that several p33 and p92 mutants behaved as dominant-negative during VR...
Source: Virology - January 16, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Pathak KB, Jiang Z, Ochanine V, Sharma M, Pogany J, Nagy PD Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Economic savings versus health losses: The cost-effectiveness of generic antiretroviral therapy in the United States
Source: Ann Intern Med Area: News The Annals of Internal Medicine has featured a cost-effectiveness analysis of a 3-pill, generic-based antiretroviral regimen compared with a branded, co-formulated regimen. U.S. HIV treatment guidelines recommend branded once-daily, 1-pill efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). With the anticipated approval of generic efavirenz in the United States, a once-daily, 3-pill alternative (generic efavirenz, generic lamivudine, and tenofovir) will decrease cost but may reduce adherence and virological suppression. The analysis was base...
Source: NeLM - News - January 16, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Immunological Nonresponse to ART Drugs in HIV InfectionImmunological Nonresponse to ART Drugs in HIV Infection
What is the best approach to treating the immunological nonresponse to ARV drugs in HIV infection? Future Virology
Source: Medscape Today Headlines - January 15, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: HIV/AIDS Journal Article Source Type: news

ESCV Membership
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - January 15, 2013 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Varicella gastritis in an immunocompetent child
Abstract: The varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a very rare cause of gastritis. Gastritis caused by VZV can be presented as abdominal pain, vomiting. Most of the cases reported with varicella gastritis in the literature are immunocompromised patients with various kinds of malignancy, and most of these patients are adults. Here we report an adolescent girl with acute abdominal pain. The girl was immunocompetent. Her endoscopically taken biopsy material revealed varicella, and her gastritis was healed with acyclovir therapy. This is a very rare condition and not frequently reported in the literature. The authors want to drive ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - January 15, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Meltem Ugras, Ayca Vitrinel, Gulden Yilmaz, Kenan Midilli, Ferda Ozkan Tags: Full length articles Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Source: Journal of Clinical Virology - January 15, 2013 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Intrahost mechanisms governing emergence of resistance-breaking variants of Potato virus Y.
Abstract The emergence of resistance breaking (RB) variants starting from the avirulent Potato virus Y NN strain (PVY(NN)) was analyzed after imposing different selective host constraints. Tobacco resistance to PVY(NN) is conferred by va in both NC745 and VAM genotypes, but VAM carries an extra resistance gene, va2. RB-variants emerged only in NC745 and unexpectedly accumulated higher in the original host, tobacco B21, than the parental PVY(NN). However, the recovery of RB-variants was interfered by PVY(NN) in mixed infections. Further analysis indicated that RB-variants also arose in tobacco VAM, but they were lim...
Source: Virology - January 15, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Acosta-Leal R, Xiong Z Tags: Virology Source Type: research

Economic savings versus health losses: the cost-effectiveness of generic antiretroviral therapy in the United States.
CONCLUSION: Compared with a slightly less effective generic-based regimen, the cost-effectiveness of first-line branded ART exceeds $100 000/QALY. Generic-based ART in the United States could yield substantial budgetary savings to HIV programs. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. PMID: 23318310 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of Internal Medicine - January 15, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Walensky RP, Sax PE, Nakamura YM, Weinstein MC, Pei PP, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD, Schackman BR Tags: Ann Intern Med Source Type: research

Sustained hcv clearance and increased HBsAg seroclearance in patients with dual chronic hepatitis C and B during post‐treatment follow‐up
Conclusion: Peginterferon alfa‐2a and ribavirin therapy provides a good durability of HCV SVR and a high accumulative HBsAg seroclearance rate in patients dually infected with HCV and HBV. (HEPATOLOGY 2013.)
Source: Hepatology - January 15, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Ming‐Lung Yu, Chuan‐Mo Lee, Chi‐Ling Chen, Wan‐Long Chuang, Sheng‐Nan Lu, Chen‐Hua Liu, Shun‐Sheng Wu, Li‐Ying Liao, Hsing‐Tao Kuo, You‐Chen Chao, Shui‐Yi Tung, Sien‐Sing Yang, Jia‐Horng Kao, Wei‐Wen Su, Chih‐Lin Lin, Hung‐ Tags: Viral Hepatitis Source Type: research

Systematic review: Effectiveness of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in adults
Source: Ann Intern Med Area: News This systematic review compared the safety and efficacy of various antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in treatment-naive adults. The researchers searched Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, PsychINFO, and clinical trial registries for English-language randomised controlled trials of antiviral treatments and cohort studies examining associations between sustained virological response (SVR) after therapy and clinical outcomes. The following findings were noted: . No trial was identified that evaluated effectiveness of treatment on lo...
Source: NeLM - News - January 15, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: news

Gender differences in HIV disease progression and treatment outcomes among HIV patients one year after starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Conclusion: We observed women were starting treatment at a less advanced disease stage, but they had a lower socioeconomical status. After one year, both men and women had similar clinical and immunological conditions. It is not clear why women lose their immunological advantage over men despite a better virological treatment response. We recommend continuous follow up of this and more cohorts of patients to better understand the underlying causes for these differences and whether this will translate also in longer term differences.
Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles - January 15, 2013 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Fausta MoshaVictor MuchunguziMecey MateeRaphael SangedaJurgen VercauterenPeter NsubugaEligius LyamuyaAnne-Mieke Vandamme Source Type: research

Efficacy of pegylated interferon alpha2a in patients without HBeAg loss after the withdrawal of long-term lamivudine therapy
Conclusion: Retreatment with PEG-IFN alpha2a was effective and safe for patients without HBeAg loss after the withdrawal of long-term lamivudine therapy. HBsAg levels at the baseline, 12 and 24 weeks of therapy, and HBV DNA levels at 24 weeks of therapy, can predict the effect of PEG-IFN alpha2a after 48 weeks of therapy.
Source: Virology Journal - January 15, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Xu-Qing ZhangHui-Yan ZhangJian-Ping YouQing Mao Source Type: research

News: The Five Things Reviewers Wish Authors Would Do
It’s no exaggeration to write that volunteer peer reviewers are the foundation of scholarly communication. The contributions they make are enormous but the nature of the conventional independent blind peer review process means that the...
Source: Advances in Tumor Virology - January 14, 2013 Category: Virology Source Type: research

HIV-1 subtype distribution and its demographic determinants in newly diagnosed patients in Europe suggest highly compartmentalized epidemics
The association of subtype with demographic parameters suggests highly compartmentalized epidemics, determined by social and behavioural characteristics of the patients.
Source: Retrovirology - January 14, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Ana AbecasisAnnemarie WensingDimitris ParaskevisJurgen VercauterenKristof TheysDavid Van de VijverJan AlbertBirgitta AsjöClaudia BalottaDanail BeshkovRicardo CamachoBonaventura ClotetCillian De GascunAlgis GriskeviciusZehava GrossmanOsamah HamoudaAndrzej Source Type: research

In vitro inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus replication by capsid-targeted virus inactivation.
Abstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading member of the mosquito-transmitted flavivirus family, and is mainly distributed in China, India and South East Asia, where it can cause the central nervous system disease with irreversible neurological damage in humans and animals. Few effective anti viral drugs are currently available against JEV infections. To explore the feasibility of using capsid-targeted viral inactivation (CTVI), as an anti viral strategy against JEV infection, a plasmid pcDNA-Cap-SNase was constructed for expressing a fusion protein of JEV capsid (Cap) and Staphylococcus aureus nucleas...
Source: Antiviral Research - January 12, 2013 Category: Virology Authors: Pang R, He DN, Zhou B, Liu K, Zhao J, Zhang XM, Chen PY Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research