Zoology Research 
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 33.
Association of toll‐like receptor 2 polymorphisms with somatic cell score in Xinjiang Brown cattle
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This study aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the TLR2 gene, and analyze the association of SNPs or haplotypes and somatic cell scores in 151 Xinjiang Brown cattle and 138 Holsteins to evaluate the role of TLR2 during intramammary infections. TLR2 coding region was amplified by PCR and screened for SNP sequencing. Genotypes and frequencies of SNPs were identified. Finally, the associations of genotypes or haplotypes and somatic cell scores (SCS) were analyzed. The results showed that: (i) 15 SNPs (E+653, E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1250, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1891, E+1995, E+2...
Source: Animal Science Journal - August 2, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Jie BAIJiapeng LINWenrong LIMingjun LIU Source Type: research
Effects of estrogen on estrogen receptor expression in the bursal cells of chick embryos and steroidogenic enzymes gene expression in the bursa: Relevance of estrogen receptor and estrogen synthesis in the bursa of chick embryosEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we attempted to demonstrate the hypothesis that B cell genesis is controlled by estrogen receptor (ER) in the bursal cells and steroidogenic enzymes synthesized in the bursa. We previously reported the presence of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the bursa during the late stage of embryogenesis and an increase in the expression of ERα messenger RNA (mRNA) between the 13th day and 16th day. The number of ER‐positive cells was maximal on the 16th day. In the present study, ER‐positive cells in the bursa during the late stage of embryogenesis increased 4 h after β‐estradiol treatment on the 14th to 18th...
Source: Animal Science Journal - August 1, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Young‐Ha SHINShunta SHIRAISHIKiyoaki NARABARAAsaki ABEYasuhiro KONDO Source Type: research
The effect of lighting conditions on the rhythmicity of growth hormone secretion in Holstein steersEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTGrowth hormone (GH) secretion regularity and the effects of lighting condition and GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH) on GH release were determined in steers. First, steers were kept under 12:12 L : D conditions (light: 06.00–18.00 hours). The animals were then subjected to a 1‐h advancement in lighting on/off conditions (05.00 and 17.00 hours, respectively). Blood was sampled for 24 h at 1‐h interval on the seventh day of each condition. Second, GHRH was injected intravenously (IV) at 12.00 and 00.00 hours under 12:12 L : D and blood was sampled at 15‐min interval for 4‐h (1 h before and 3 h aft...
Source: Animal Science Journal - August 1, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Etsuko KASUYAShiro KUSHIBIKIKen‐ichi YAYOUKoichi HODATEMizuna OGINOMadoka SUTOH Source Type: research
Effect of time from estrus to AI on pregnancy rates in estrous synchronized beef heifers.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
For the last 65 years, the industry standard for time of artificial insemination (AI) relative to onset of estrus has been established as 12h after observed estrus. More recent experiments indicated the optimum time for AI was 4-12h after onset of estrus in dairy cattle, but little recent information is available on the effect of time of AI relative to the onset of estrus in beef cattle. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study on the impact of time from onset of estrus to artificial insemination using records from estrous synchronized crossbred Angus heifers (n=1205). Data were compiled from experime...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - August 1, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Dorsey BR, Kasimanickam R, Whittier WD, Nebel RL, Wahlberg ML, Hall JB Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: research
Investigation into the dosage of dietary sphingomyelin concentrate in relation to the improvement of epidermal function in hairless miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we investigated the dosage of dietary SPM concentrate from bovine milk in relation to the improvement of epidermal function. Thirteen‐week‐old hairless male mice were separated into four experimental groups, each fed one of four types of experimental diet: the control group, the low SPM group, the medium SPM group and the high SPM group. The mice were each fed the experimental diet for 6 weeks. The stratum corneum hydration and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured using a Corneometer and a Tewameter at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. After the feeding period, ceramides in the stratum corneum were anal...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Yuko HARUTA‐ONOHiroshi UENONoriko UEDAKen KATOToshimitsu YOSHIOKA Source Type: research
The effects of replacement of antibiotics with by‐products of oriental medicinal plants on growth performance and meat qualities in fattening pigsEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTThe effect of by‐products of oriental medicinal plants (OMP; T1) containing 0.03% herb extracts (T2) or 0.1% aminolevulinic acid (T3) on the production performance of swine during the finishing period and on its meat quality were investigated. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate among the tested groups (P > 0.05). But the treated group showed higher (P < 0.05) moisture and ash and lower protein than the control group. The T3 group showed a lower meat cholesterol content (38.42 mg/100 g) compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Suk Nam KANGGyo Moon CHUYoung Min SONGSang Keun JINIn Ho HWANGIl Suk KIM Source Type: research
Behavioral Syndromes Break Down in Urban Song Sparrow PopulationsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we examine boldness and aggression in several urban and rural populations of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). We found that urban birds were both bolder toward humans and also showed higher levels of aggression. We found a correlation between boldness and aggression in all populations combined, but no correlation within urban populations. Our results agree with other recent studies of song sparrow behavior, suggesting that greater boldness and aggression are general features of urban song sparrow populations, and a lack of a correlation between boldness and aggression in urban habitats is a general phenome...
Source: Ethology - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Jennifer ScalesJeremy HymanMelissa Hughes Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research
Seasonal Feeding Rhythm Associated with Fasting Period of Pangasianodon gigas: Long-Term Monitoring in an Aquarium.Email this article to a colleague.
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The Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas is endemic to the Mekong River basin, and is recognized as endangered species, largely due to overfishing and development of the river basin. We monitored food intake of P. gigas in a stable environment in an aquarium over a 6-year period and analyzed their feeding rhythm and fasting periods. The daily food intake for each fish was recorded from 18 June 2004 to 17 June 2010. The feeding rhythm or pattern was determined by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. The FFT analysis revealed that different cycles of feeding rhythm (168.8, 313.1, and 365.3 days) in three catfis...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Ikeya K, Kume M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Characterization of Lipovitellin 2 as a Tyrosine-Phosphorylated Protein in Oocytes, Eggs and Early Embryos of Xenopus laevis.Email this article to a colleague.
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A tyrosine-phosphorylated protein of 33 kDa is shown to be present in the solubilized yolk fraction of Xenopus laevis oocytes, eggs, and early embryos. The phosphoprotein is lipovitellin 2 as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry studies, and is termed pp33/LV2. Sub-cellular fractionation and immunoblotting studies demonstrate that pp33/LV2 is stably present in the Triton X-100-resistant and SDS-soluble yolk fractions during oogenesis, oocyte maturation, and early embryogenesis. From after the swimming tadpole stages (stage 39∼), however, it becomes partly soluble to Triton X-100-containing buffer...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Kushima S, Mammadova G, Mahbub Hasan AK, Fukami Y, Sato K Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Origin of Agouti-Melanistic Polymorphism in Wild Black Rats (Rattus rattus) Inferred from Mc1r Gene Sequences.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined nucleotide changes that underlie coat color variation in Black Rats (the Rattus rattus species complex), which show polymorphism in dorsal fur color, including either grayish brown (agouti) or black (melanistic) forms. We examined the full coding sequence of a gene known to produce melanism in other vertebrates-melanocortin-1-receptor gene Mc1r (954 bp) -using samples of both R. rattus (with 2n = 38) and its close relative Asian Black Rat (R. tanezumi; 2n = 42). We used 61 specimens from Japan with karyotype-known individuals and four samples from Pakistan. We found 11 allele sequences and constructed a network...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Kambe Y, Tanikawa T, Matsumoto Y, Tomozawa M, Aplin KP, Suzuki H Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Phylogenetic characterization of three morphs of mussels (bivalvia, mytilidae) inhabiting isolated marine environments in palau islands.Email this article to a colleague.
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Marine lakes in the Palau Islands are known to harbor unique marine fauna that have remained isolated since the formation of the lakes after the Last Glacial Maximum. We analyzed mussels from marine lakes located on different islands and conducted morphological, phylogenetic and population genetic characterization to clarify their evolutionary history. The mussels were morphologically classified into three differentiated morphs: NS, ON, and MC. Their common characteristics were consistent with the Brachidontes-Hormomya complex of the Mytilidae family. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene su...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Goto TV, Tamate HB, Hanzawa N Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Microsatellite Variability of Sardinian Pine Martens, Martes martes.Email this article to a colleague.
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The pine marten, Martes martes, is a medium-sized terrestrial carnivore associated with woodland habitats of the western Palearctic region. The present distribution area of the species also includes six islands of the western Mediterranean basin. The origin of these insular populations and their taxonomic status are still debated; their molecular characterization appears relevant for conservation purposes. To describe the genetic variability of the pine martens from Sardinia we characterized 40 insular and 14 Italian individuals at seven nuclear microsatellite loci. The identification of private alleles and the calcula...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Colli L, Cannas R, Deiana AM, Tagliavini J Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Male Dimorphism in the Harem-Forming Gnathiid Isopod Elaphognathia discolor (Crustacea: Isopoda).Email this article to a colleague.
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Previously unreported males of a gnathiid isopod were found in reproductive aggregations of the harem-forming gnathiid Elaphognathia discolor. Although the male gnathiids were small in size and morphologically different from E. discolor males, the male sexual organ, appendix masculina, was similar to that of E. discolor males, and possible conspecific larvae and females of the small male gnathiid were never found. In the laboratory, the small male gnathiids as well as male E. discolor successfully copulated with female E. discolor, and the development of embryos in female brood pouches was observed. Offspring of small ...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Tanaka K, Nishi E Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Habitat use and Movement Patterns of the Viviparous Aquatic Snake, Oocatochus rufodorsatus, from Northeast Asia.Email this article to a colleague.
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To determine the habitat usage and movement patterns of the viviparous aquatic snake Oocatochus rufodorsatus (formerly Elaphe rufodorsata), we radio-tracked 21 snakes on agricultural lands during two active seasons in 2007 and 2008. Male and female snakes stayed close to aquatic habitats such as paddy fields and agricultural ponds during both breeding and non-breeding periods, except when the snakes moved to dry terrestrial areas to hibernate in late fall. The use of different structural features in the habitat, such as ground, tree, underground, and water, varied depending on the air and water temperatures, female's r...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Lee HJ, Lee JH, Park D Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Biochemical analysis of female mice urine with reference to endocrine function: a key tool for estrus detection.Email this article to a colleague.
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Species-specific chemical signals released through urine, sweat, saliva and feces are involved in communication between animals. Urinary biochemical constituents along with pheromones may contribute to variation across reproductive cycles and facilitate to estrus detection. Hence, the present study was designed to analyze such biochemical profiles, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, in response with steroid hormones such as estradiol and progesterone. The experimental groups were normal, prepubertal, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized with estrogentreated female mice. In normal mice, the protein and ...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Achiraman S, Archunan G, Sankarganesh D, Rajagopal T, Rengarajan RL, Kokilavani P, Kamalakkannan S, Kannan S Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Markers for the Oriental White Stork, Ciconia boyciana.Email this article to a colleague.
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Following FIASCO protocol and across-amplification approach, we present eleven microsatellite primers of the Oriental White stork, Ciconia boyciana in this article. All loci were polymorphic, except for locus Cbo235, which possessed two alleles but was homozygous in all 23 individuals of C. boyciana used in this study. The number of the alleles per locus ranged from two to eight, and the observed heterozygosity (H(o)) and expected heterozygosity (H(E)) ranged from 0 to 0.857 and 0.222 to 0.851, respectively. These markers are proved useful in genetic study of C. boyciana.
PMID: 21801002 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Wang H, Lou X, Zhu Q, Huang Y, Zhou L, Zhang B Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Identification of Novel Bombyxin Genes from the Genome of the Silkmoth Bombyx mori and Analysis of their Expression.Email this article to a colleague.
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Insulin family peptide members play key roles in regulating growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Bombyxin is an insulin-related peptide of the silkmoth Bombyx mori. We analyzed the full genome of B. mori and identified five novel bombyxin families, V to Z. We characterized the genomic organization and chromosomal location of the novel bombyxin family genes. In contrast to previously identified bombyxin genes, bombyxin-V and -Z genes had intervening introns at almost the same positions as vertebrate insulin genes. We performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in different tissue...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Aslam AF, Kiya T, Mita K, Iwami M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue in the Estuarine Dolphin (Sotalia guianensis van Bénéden, 1864).Email this article to a colleague.
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The importance of the tongue during feeding, and the limited information on the tongue of most aquatic mammals led us to investigate its morphological aspects in sexually immature and mature Sotalia guianensis. Six tongues were measured and photo-documented after their removal from the oral cavity. The samples were divided into rostral, middle, and caudal regions, and examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.). Sotalia guianensis tongue presented lateral grooves from the apex to the middle portion, while the anterolateral region presented marginal papillae. Histological characteristics re...
Source: Zoological Science - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Guimarães JP, Mari Rde B, Marigo J, Rosas FC, Watanabe IS Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: research
Effects at early stage of life of elevated milk replacer feeding on growth rate, plasma IGF‐I concentration and intestinal nutrient transporter expression in Holstein bull calvesEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTIn order to evaluate the effects of an elevated amount of modified milk replacer on body weight, daily gain, starter intake, plasma endocrine parameters and expression of nutrient transporters in small intestinal epithelia, Holstein bull calves (n = 24) were fed for 60 days either with the usual amount of 24% crude protein (CP) and 20% fat milk (CF) replacer (C group), or with a double amount of a modified milk replacer of 28% CP and 16% CF (E group). Body weight from D20 to D60 and daily gain before D40 was greater or tended to be greater for the E group than the C group. Plasma concentrations of insulin‐l...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Takenori ORIHASHITakanori MASHIKOKenji SERASang‐Gun ROHKazuo KATOHYoshiaki OBARA Source Type: research
Amnion formation in the mouse embryo: the single amniochorionic fold modelEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Paulo PereiraMariya DobrevaLiz GrahamDanny HuylebroeckKirstie LawsonAn Zwijsen Source Type: research
Benefits and costs of Leptophlebia (Ephemeroptera) mayfly movements between river channels and floodplain wetlandsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Canadian Journal of Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 714-723, e-First articles.
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - July 31, 2011 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: research
Impacts of generalist mesopredators on the demography of small-mammal populations in fragmented landscapesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Canadian Journal of Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 724-731, e-First articles.
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - July 30, 2011 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: research
Transplantation of non-visceral fat to the visceral cavity improves glucose tolerance in mice: investigation of hepatic lipids and insulin sensitivityEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions/interpretation Increases in visceral fat, via transplantation of visceral or non-visceral adipose tissue, is not a major risk factor for
glucose intolerance. In fact, there are dynamic metabolic improvements following transplantation that include decreased portal
lipids and improved liver metabolism, but these improvements are transient under certain circumstances.
Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00125-011-2259-5Authors
M. T. Foster, Obesity Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, 2170 E. Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USAH. Shi, Dep...
Source: Diabetologia - July 30, 2011 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Diabetologia Source Type: research
Associations among milk production and rectal temperature on pregnancy maintenance in lactating recipient dairy cows.Email this article to a colleague.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations among milk production, rectal temperature, and pregnancy maintenance in lactating recipient dairy cows. Data were collected during an 11-mo period from 463 Holstein cows (203 primiparous and 260 multiparous) assigned to a fixed-time embryo transfer (ET) protocol. Only cows detected with a visible corpus luteum immediately prior to ET were used. Rectal temperatures were collected from all cows on the same day of ET. Milk production at ET was calculated by averaging individual daily milk production during the 7d preceding ET. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by tr...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - July 30, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Vasconcelos JL, Cooke RF, Jardina DT, Aragon FL, Veras MB, Soriano S, Sobreira N, Scarpa AB Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: research
Dolphin Bait‐Balling Behaviors in Relation to Prey Ball Escape BehaviorsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we described prey ball escape behaviors and investigated how prey ball behaviors related to dusky dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, prey herding and capturing behaviors using above‐water and underwater video methods. Prey balls exhibited horizontal and vertical movements, both of which would have increased feeding costs for dolphins compared with feeding on stationary prey at the surface. The only prey ball behavior that we observed to precede escape was ‘funneling’ or the brief formation of a prey ball shape where the height was at least twice the width. Funneling was observed most often for large pre...
Source: Ethology - July 29, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Robin L. VaughnElisa MuziJessica L. RichardsonBernd Würsig Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research
Changes in biochemical composition of follicular fluid during reproductive acyclicity in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, results of the present study indicate an alteration in the biochemical composition of follicular fluid during reproductive acyclicity in buffalo. The findings provide further support to the notion that poor nutrition is an important factor triggering reproductive acyclicity in buffalo.
PMID: 21840653 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - July 29, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Khan FA, Das GK, Pande M, Mir RA, Shankar U Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: research
Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) through pressure shock.Email this article to a colleague.
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Abstract
The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, is one of the most important species for commercial fisheries and a promising candidate for aquaculture. Precocious sexual maturation of males is one of the major issues compromising large scale production. The potential approaches to this problem include production of all female populations. Consequently, the objective of this study was to develop an effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis in the Atlantic cod by using hydrostatic pressure shock. Our first experiment tested the relevance of gamete quality on achievement of chromosome manipulation and identified the ...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - July 29, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Ghigliotti L, Bolla SL, Duc M, Ottesen OH, Babiak I Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: research
Combination of geometric morphometric and genetic approaches applied to a debated taxonomical issue: the status of Onthophagus massai (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) as an endemic species vicarious to Onthophagus fracticornis in Sicily.Email this article to a colleague.
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The present study deals with the phenomenon of insular speciation and discusses, as a case study, the debated taxonomical issue of the status of Onthophagus massai (Coleoptera, Sarabaeidae) as an endemic species vicarious to Onthophagus fracticornis in Sicily. The authors investigated the differentiation patterns between an insular population belonging to the supposed species O. massai (collected in its locus typicus, Piano Battaglia) and three Italian O. fracticornis populations (collected along a N-S latitudinal gradient). These patterns are described and analysed using multiple approaches: the qualitative inspection...
Source: Zoology - July 28, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Pizzo A, Mazzone F, Rolando A, Palestrini C Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: research
Experimental Validation of Sex Differences in Spatial Behavior Patterns of Free‐Ranging Snakes: Implications for Social InteractionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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AbstractSocial interactions often play a significant role in determining patterns of spatial use. Although snakes are generally thought of as asocial, recent spatial dispersion studies suggest that the spatial ecology of snakes may be more strongly influenced by social interactions than previously thought. We investigated the spatial behavior patterns of a western cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) population in east Texas by uniquely combining radio‐telemetry studies on free‐ranging snakes with experimental arena trials with captive individuals from the same population. Observations from the radio‐telemetry study ...
Source: Ethology - July 28, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Eric D. RothWilliam I. Lutterschmidt Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research
Analysis of the dynamics of limb transcriptomes during mouse developmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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The transcriptome of mouse limb bud development at three different stages reveals the changes in gene expression underpinning major developmental events and the role of non-coding RNAs during this process.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - July 28, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Istvan GyurjanBernhard SondereggerFelix NaefDenis Duboule Source Type: research
Submaximal leaping in the grey mouse lemur.Email this article to a colleague.
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In arboreal animals such as the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus Miller, 1777), leaping is the most frequent strategy for predator avoidance. The aim of this study was to characterise the locomotor adaptation in response to the structural constraint of the habitat (i.e., position of the landing substrate). Thus, we characterised the push-off phase by inducing the lemurs to leap up to a range of heights from horizontal to their own individual highest performance. Using uniplanar high-frequency cineradiographs collected in a sagittal plane, the relative contributions of the centre of mass (CoM) velocity vector magnit...
Source: Zoology - July 27, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Legreneur P, Monteil KM, Pellé E, Montuelle S, Bels V Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: research
Tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced inflammatory responses in cattleEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTTumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is recognized as a cytokine because of its involvement in inflammation‐mediated biological defense functions. Although TNF‐α is primarily produced by macrophages, it is also produced by other cells, including lymphocytes, Kupffer cells, natural killer cells and adipocytes. While TNF‐α has diverse immune system functions, including antitumor activity, antimicrobial activity and mediation of inflammation, it also regulates a number of physiological functions, including appetite, fever, energy metabolism and endocrine activity. Factors such as viruses, parasites, other ...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 27, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Shiro KUSHIBIKI Source Type: research
Studies of composition and major protein level in milk and colostrum of maresEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to determine the changes in composition and physicochemical features (pH, density, thermostability and acidity) of mare colostrum and milk, and of protein fraction contribution (serum albumin, β‐casein, γ‐casein, α‐lactalbumin, G class immunoglobulins) depending on lactation stage. The research material was colostrum and milk samples from 12 Arabian mares. Colostrum samples were collected within 2 h after parturition and milk samples were collected twice, in the 3rd and 6th weeks of lactation. The level of basic milk components decreased significantly (only lactose content increa...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 27, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Ewa PECKAZbigniew DOBRZAŃSKIAndrzej ZACHWIEJATadeusz SZULCKatarzyna CZYŻ Source Type: research
Digestive performance in neonatal Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus helleri)Email this article to a colleague.
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Canadian Journal of Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 705-713, e-First articles.
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - July 27, 2011 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: research
Long-term memory of color stimuli in the jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos).Email this article to a colleague.
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This study is the first to show long-term memory capacity of color stimuli in corvids following a brief training that memory rather than rehearsal was apparent. Memory of visual color information is vital for exploitation of biological resources in crows. We suspect that jungle crows could remember the learned color discrimination task even after a much longer retention interval.
PMID: 21792628 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Cognition - July 26, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Bogale BA, Sugawara S, Sakano K, Tsuda S, Sugita S Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: research
The ultrastructure of book lung development in the bark scorpion Centruroides gracilis (Scorpiones: Buthidae)Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Frontiers in Zoology - July 26, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Roger Farley Source Type: research
Hematology of the Mediterranean population of sea turtle (Caretta caretta): comparison of blood values in wild and captive, juvenile and adult animalsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Abstract In order to establish baseline hematological and biochemical values in loggerhead turtles from the Mediterranean Sea, 84 specimens
were sampled, comprising 24 wild turtles in good health at the time of capture and 60 turtles tested after indoor rehabilitation
at the Sea Turtle Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre of the Zoological Station Anton Dohrn in Naples, Italy. The following parameters
were evaluated: red cell counts (RBC, 488–575 × 103/μL), white cell counts (WBC, 17–24 × 103/μL) and thrombocyte counts (TBC, 19–49 × 102/μL), hemoglobin (Hb, 8–14 g/dL), hematocrit (H...
Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology - July 26, 2011 Category: Pathology Tags: Comparative Clinical Pathology Source Type: research
Population structure of pigs determined by single nucleotide polymorphisms observed in assembled expressed sequence tagsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we tentatively chose 222 SNPs observed in assembled ESTs to study pigs of different breeds; 104 were selected by comparing the cDNA sequences of a Meishan pig and samples of three‐way cross pigs (Landrace, Large White, and Duroc: LWD), and 118 were selected from LWD samples. To evaluate the genetic variation between the chosen SNPs from pig breeds, we determined the genotypes for 192 pig samples (11 pig groups) from our DNA reference panel with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Of the 222 reference SNPs, 186 were successfully genotyped. A neighbor‐joining...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Toshimi MATSUMOTONaohiko OKUMURAHirohide UENISHITakeshi HAYASHINoriyuki HAMASIMATakashi AWATA Source Type: research
Differences in the behavior of the crossbred steers of different sire lines of Japanese Black cattleEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTWe determined differences in the behavior of the progeny of two major sire lines of Japanese Black cattle by recording the behavior of 35 and 70 half‐sib steers of sires from fast (FG) and slow (SG) growing lines, respectively. Two sire lines of steers were mixed and allocated to nine pens with 11–12 animals per pen. The proportion of steers lying was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the SG line (43.4 ± 5.7% compared to 40.3 ± 6.0%). The proportion of time spent eating concentrate feed (FG: 12.1 ± 2.3%; SG: 11.4 ± 2.1%), drinking (FG: 0.8 ± 1.1%; SG: 0.4 ± 0.6%), licking ...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Katsuji UETAKEToshie ISHIWATARobert J. KILGOURToshio TANAKA Source Type: research
Effect of feeding non‐fibrous carbohydrate before grazing on intake and nitrogen utilization in dairy cows throughout the grazing seasonEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTTen lactating cows were used to determine the effect of feeding non‐fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) supplement before grazing on feed intake and nitrogen (N) utilization throughout a grazing season. The experiment was conducted from June to September. Cows grazed twice a day (2.5 h × 2) under a set stocking system and were fed NFC supplement (1 kg/4 kg of milk yield) 2 h before grazing (PRE) or immediately after grazing (POST). Cows were also fed a grass and corn silage mixture ad libitum. Herbage dry matter intake (DMI) was greater for PRE than for POST throughout the experiment and decreased from June t...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Tomohiro MITANIKoichiro UEDATetsushiro ENDOMakoto TAKAHASHIHiroki NAKATSUJISeiji KONDO Source Type: research
Effects of fermented mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by‐product diets on growth performance and carcass traits in growing‐fattening Berkshire pigsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study was conducted to investigate effects of fermented mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by‐product diets on the growth performance and carcass traits in growing‐fattening Berkshire pigs. The fermented diets mainly contained 40.0% mushroom by‐product, 20.0% formula feed, 26.0% rice bran and supplemental 0.1% probiotics. The mixed ingredients were fermented for 5 days at room temperature. Berkshire pigs (n = 225) were divided into five groups and three replications. The basal diets (C) were substituted by 10% (T1), 30% (T2), 50% (T3) and 70% (T4) fermented mushroom by‐product diets. Crude protein concentra...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Gyo Moon CHUJeong Mo YANGHoi Yun KIMChung Hui KIMYoung Min SONG Source Type: research
Addition of erythrocytes to in vitro culture medium attenuates the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species on bovine preimplantation embryo developmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTErythrocytes were recently found to improve the early development of mice embryos by their antioxidant effect. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of erythrocytes on the in vitro development of bovine in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos in medium supplemented with reactive oxygen species (ROS). IVF embryos were cultured in CR1aa medium supplemented with oxidizing agents, 0.5 mmol/L hypoxanthine and 0.01 U/mL xanthine oxidase (HX/XOD), in the presence and absence of erythrocytes (5 × 104, 5 × 105, 5 × 106 and 5 × 107 erythrocytes/mL). After 8 days, blastocysts were examin...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Atsushi IDETAKanami TSUCHIYAYoshito AOYAGI Source Type: research
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Italian ryegrass silageEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTTwenty‐three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three cultivars (Akiaoba, Nagahahikari and Tachiwase) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were precisely characterized by a combination of phenotypic tests, genotypic 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and rapid PCR‐based analyses, focusing on their useful phenotypes for silage preparation as inoculants. We successfully identified both at the species and subspecies levels: phenotypically novel Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. p...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Masanori TOHNOHisami KOBAYASHIMasaru NOMURAMaki KITAHARAMoriya OHKUMARyuichi UEGAKIYimin CAI Source Type: research
Identification of divergently selected regions between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle using bovine 50k SNP arrayEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objective of this study was to identify the divergently selected regions between Japanese Black (JB) and Japanese Holstein (JH) cattle based on genotypic information obtained through a high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. After genotyping of 54 001 SNP markers on 100 animals (50 JB and 50 JH), 40 635 SNPs were suitable for the analysis. For each of these SNPs, the absolute difference between allelic frequencies of JB and JH was calculated. In the current study, 10 consecutive SNPs were defined as components of a window. For each window, the average difference in allelic frequency was calculate...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Daisuke HOSOKAWAAtsushi ISHIIKeita YAMAJIShinji SASAZAKIKenji OYAMAHideyuki MANNEN Source Type: research
Positive effects of treatment of donor cells with aphidicolin on the preimplantation development of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in Chinese Bama mini‐pig (Sus Scrofa)Email this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTTo optimize somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedures in mini‐pigs, the present study was designed to examine the effects of donor cell types and aphidicolin (APC) treatment on in vitro development of reconstructed embryos. Oviduct epithelial cells (OEC), ear fibroblast cells (EFC) and cumulus cells (CC) derived from mini‐pigs were treated with serum starvation only or serum starvation followed by treatment of 0.1 µg/mL APC. The reconstructed embryos were cultured for 7 days to evaluate their developmental competency. Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of reconstructed embryos derived from the O...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Ting‐Yu ZHANGJian‐Jun DAICai‐Feng WUXiao‐Long GULiang LIUZhi‐Qiang WUYi‐ Ni XIEBin WUHui‐Lan CHENYao LIXue‐Jin CHENDe‐Fu ZHANG Source Type: research
Effects of plane of nutrition on growth, feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in Murrah graded male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves in NepalEmail this article to a colleague.
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ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted using 17 male buffalo calves to assess the effects of plane of nutrition on dry matter intake (DMI), daily gain (DG), body size measurement, apparent digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance. To attain 250 kg BW, the calves were allocated into three groups: H, L‐H and L, receiving the concentrate at 1.50% of BW, 0.75% of BW until 190 kg BW and 1.50% thereafter and 0.75% of BW, respectively. The animals had ad libitum access to urea‐treated rice straw (UTRS). The DMI of UTRS through the experiment was higher in L and L‐H than H, showing 3.52, 2.90 and 2.62 kg/day, respectively (...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Hajime KUMAGAIBodh R. BARALTatsu SHIINONaba R. DEVKOTAKazato OISHIHiroyuki HIROOKAMana R. KOLACHHAPATIIshwor C. P. TIWARI Source Type: research
Effects of growth rate on carcass and meat quality traits and their association with metabolism‐related gene expression in finishing pigsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different growth rates on carcass characteristics and meat quality and their relationship with myogenesis and lipogenesis in finishing pigs. Pigs were slaughtered at the same age and were assigned to high (HGR) or low (LGR) growth rates with 120 kg or 110 kg final body weights at slaughter. The results indicated that pigs with HGR had heavier (P < 0.05) final body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of fat in the muscle and higher (P < 0.05) total RNA concentration in muscle than p...
Source: Animal Science Journal - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Yuxin YANGJia GUOJinSoo KIMMyeongHyeon WANGByungJo CHAE Source Type: research
Quantity judgments of auditory and visual stimuli by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).Email this article to a colleague.
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Many species can choose between two visual sets of stimuli on the basis of quantity. This is true when sets are both visible, or are presented one set at a time or even one item at a time. However, we know comparatively little about how well nonhuman animals can compare auditory quantities. Here, three chimpanzees (
Pan troglodytes
) chose between two sets of food items when they only heard each item fall into different containers rather than seeing those items. This method prevented the chimpanzees from summing the amount of visible food they saw because there were no visual cues. Chimpanzees performed well, and their per...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Beran, Michael J. Source Type: research
Summation of reinforcement rates when conditioned stimuli are presented in compound.Email this article to a colleague.
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Three experiments used delay conditioning of magazine approach in rats to examine the summation of responding when two conditioned stimuli (CSs) are presented together as a compound. The duration of each CS varied randomly from trial-to-trial around a mean that differed between the CSs. This meant that the rats' response rate to each CS was systematically related to the reinforcement rate of that CS, but remained steady as time elapsed during the CS (Harris & Carpenter, 2011; Harris, Gharaei, & Pincham, 2011). When the rats were presented with a compound of two CSs that had been conditioned separately, they responded more ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Andrew, Benjamin J.; Harris, Justin A. Source Type: research
Response rate and reinforcement rate in Pavlovian conditioning.Email this article to a colleague.
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Four experiments used delay conditioning of magazine approach in rats to investigate the relationship between the rate of responding, R, to a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the rate, r, at which the CS is reinforced with the unconditioned stimulus (US). Rats were concurrently trained with four variable-duration CSs with different rs, either as a result of differences in the mean CS-US interval or in the proportion of CS presentations that ended with the US. In each case, R was systematically related to r, and the relationship was very accurately characterized by a hyperbolic function, R = Ar/(r +c). Accordingly, the recipro...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 25, 2011 Category: Zoology Authors: Harris, Justin A.; Carpenter, Joanne S. Source Type: research
