Zoology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 10.
Natural history of the slaty grey snake (Stegonotus cucullatus) (Serpentes : Colubridae) from tropical north Queensland, Australia
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Dane F. Trembath, Simon Fearn, Eivind Andreas Baste Undheim - Volume 57(2)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - July 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Developmental control of segment numbers in vertebrates.Email this article to a colleague.
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Segmentation or metamery in vertebrates is best illustrated by the repetition of the vertebrae and ribs, their associated skeletal muscles and blood vessels, and the spinal nerves and ganglia. The segment number varies tremendously among the different vertebrate species, ranging from as few as six vertebrae in some frogs to as many as several hundred in some snakes and fish. In vertebrates, metameric segments or somites form sequentially during body axis formation. This results in the embryonic axis becoming entirely segmented into metameric units from the level of the otic vesicle almost to the very tip of the tail. T...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - July 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Gomez C, Pourquié O Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Lateral-line activity during undulatory body motions suggests a feedback link in closed-loop control of sea lamprey swimmingEmail this article to a colleague.
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A. Ayali, S. Gelman, E. D. Tytell, and A. H. Cohen - The lateral-line system is common to most aquatic organisms. It plays an important role in behaviours involving detection of other animals and obstacles. In gnathostome...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - July 18, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Influence of alternative mating tactics on predation risk in the damselfly Calopteryx virgoEmail this article to a colleague.
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Tero Toivanen, Markus J. Rantala, and Jukka Suhonen - Alternative mating tactics are a widespread feature in insects. A typical form of alternative mating behaviour is being a sneaker in the vicinity of a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - July 18, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Mitochondrial Proton Conductance in Skeletal Muscle of a Cold‐Exposed Marsupial, Antechinus flavipes, Is Unlikely to Be Involved in Adaptive Nonshivering Thermogenesis but Displays Increased Sensitivity toward Carbon‐Centered RadicalsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract The organs and molecular mechanisms contributing to adaptive thermogenesis in marsupials are not known because some species apparently lack brown adipose tissue (BAT). The increased oxidative capacity and presence of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in skeletal muscle led to speculations on whether uncoupled respiration sustains endothermy in the cold, as found for BAT. Here, we investigated the role of mitochondrial proton conductance in the small Australian marsupial Antechinus flavipes during cold exposure. Although there was ...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - July 17, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Spermiogenesis and spermatozoal ultrastructure in Trichomycteridae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, the ultrastructural characterization of spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in specimens of Copionodontinae (the sister group to all other trichomycterids), Trichomycterinae (a derived trichomycterid group), and Ituglanis (a genus not assigned to any trichomycterid subfamily) is presented. The comparative analyses of the data show that trichomycterid species share six of seven analyzed spermiogenesis characters, reinforcing the monophyly of the group. Analyses of trichomycterid sperm ultrastructure showed that the species studied share the same character states for nine of seventeen characters analyzed. Copionodo...
Source: Acta Zoologica - July 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Maria Angélica Spadella, Claudio Oliveira, Irani Quagio-Grassiotto Source Type: journals
Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) are sensitive to others' reward: an experimental analysis of food-choice for conspecifics.Email this article to a colleague.
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The issue whether non-human primates have other-regarding preference and/or inequity aversion has been under debate. We investigated whether tufted capuchin monkeys are sensitive to others' reward in various experimental food sharing settings. Two monkeys faced each other. The operator monkey chose one of two food containers placed between the participants, each containing a food item for him/herself and another for the recipient. The recipient passively received either high- or low-value food depending on the operator's choice, whereas the operator obtained the same food regardless of his/her choice. The recipients we...
Source: Animal Cognition - July 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Takimoto A, Kuroshima H, Fujita K Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) interacting with humans.Email this article to a colleague.
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Most horses have a side on which they are easier to handle and a direction they favour when working on a circle, and recent studies have suggested a correlation between emotion and visual laterality when horses observe inanimate objects. As such lateralisation could provide important clues regarding the horse's cognitive processes, we investigated whether horses also show laterality in association with people. We gave horses the choice of entering a chute to left or right, with and without the passive, non-interactive presence of a person unknown to them. The left eye was preferred for scanning under both conditions, b...
Source: Animal Cognition - July 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Farmer K, Krueger K, Byrne RW Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Preface to the symposium "Trends in the Evolution of Amniote Embryos"Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19618381 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - July 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Blackburn DG, Richardson MK Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Meta‐Analysis and the Comparative Phylogenetic MethodEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Meta‐analysis has contributed substantially to shifting paradigms in ecology and has become the primary method for quantitatively synthesizing published research. However, an emerging challenge is the lack of a statistical protocol to synthesize studies and evaluate sources of bias while simultaneously accounting for phylogenetic nonindependence of taxa. Phylogenetic nonindependence arises from homology, the similarity of taxa due to shared ancestry, and treating related taxa as independent data violates assumptions of statistics. Give...
Source: The American Naturalist - July 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Guo, P., Jadin, R.C., Malhotra, A. and Li, C. 2009. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis[mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx: 00[ndash]00. We investigated the evolution of 12 cranial characters of 31 species of Asian pitvipers by examining the character state changes on a consensus tree modified from broadly consistent molecular results. We found that these characters appear stable with only one intraspecific polymorphism. Nine of the 12 characters form useful synapomorphies, whereas three are ambiguous and ...
Source: Acta Zoologica - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Peng Guo, Robert C. Jadin, Anita Malhotra, Cao Li Source Type: journals
Silencing of genes involved in Anaplasma marginale-tick interactions affects the pathogen developmental cycle in Dermacentor variabilisEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The results of this RNAi and light microscopic analyses of tick tissues infected with A. marginale after the silencing of genes functionally important for pathogen development suggest a role for these molecules during pathogen life cycle in ticks.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Katherine KocanZorica ZivkovicEdmour BlouinVictoria NaranjoConsuelo AlmazanRuchira MitraJose de la Fuente Source Type: journals
The roles of pH in regulation of uterine contraction in the laying hens.Email this article to a colleague.
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In the laying hens, the uterus (shell gland) plays essential roles in calcium transfer for calcification of the eggshell and expulsion of the egg through the vagina for oviposition. Much is known about the effects of pH changes on eggshell production of the uterus. However, very little is understood about the effects of pH changes on uterine contractility. We investigated the effects of pH changes on uterine contraction in the laying hens. The laying hens were humanely killed, and strips of uterine smooth muscles were isolated. Isometric force was measured and the effects of intracellular and extracellular pH changes s...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kupittayanant S, Kupittayanant P Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Spatiotemporal Structure of Host‐Pathogen Interactions in a MetapopulationEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: The ecological and evolutionary dynamics of species are influenced by spatiotemporal variation in population size. Unfortunately, we are usually limited in our ability to investigate the numerical dynamics of natural populations across large spatial scales and over long periods of time. Here we combine mechanistic and statistical approaches to reconstruct continuous‐time infection dynamics of an obligate fungal pathogen on the basis of discrete‐time occurrence data. The pathogen, Podosphaera plantaginis, infects its host plant, Plant...
Source: The American Naturalist - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Cell Size but Not Genome Size Affects Scaling of Metabolic Rate in Eyelid GeckosEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) predicts the ubiquity of the of 3/4 scaling exponent relating metabolic rate (MR) to body mass, as well as cell‐size invariance coupled with body‐size dependence of cellular MR in quickly dividing cells. An alternative prediction is that MR scales interspecifically with a coefficient that is between 2/3 and 1, depending on the cell size and cell MR, which is mostly driven by the cell surface‐to‐volume ratio. We tested (1) the contribution of cell size to interspecific differences in MR and (2...
Source: The American Naturalist - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article ‐Article Source Type: journals
Averaging of temporal memories by rats.Email this article to a colleague.
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Rats were trained on a mixed fixed-interval schedule in which stimulus A (tone or light) indicated food availability after 10 s and stimulus B (the other stimulus) indicated food availability after 20 s. Testing consisted of nonreinforced probe trials in which the stimulus was A, B, or the compound AB. On single-stimulus trials, rats responded with a peak of activity around the programmed reinforced time. On compound-stimulus trials, rats showed a single scalar peak of responding at a time midway between those for stimulus A and B. These results suggest that when provided with discrepant information regarding the temporal ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Swanton, Dale N.; Gooch, Cynthia M.; Matell, Matthew S. Source Type: journals
Learning about associations: Evidence for a hierarchical account of occasion setting.Email this article to a colleague.
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In 2 experiments rats were trained on a switching discrimination, with 4 occasion setters, A, B, C, and D and 2 target stimuli, x and y. When signaled either by A or by B, x was reinforced with food and y was not, whereas when signaled either by C or by D these reinforcement relations were reversed (i.e., A: ? x+, A: y ? -, B: x ? +, B: y ? -, C: x ? -, C: y ? +, D: x ? -, D: y ? +). In a subsequent Stage A was paired with shock, and then the degree to which food–reinforced (Experiment 1a) and nonreinforced (Experiment 1b) presentations of x and y were capable of eliciting fear was assessed. Those conditioned stimulus (C...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Bonardi, Charlotte; Jennings, Dómhnall Source Type: journals
Resistance to change within heterogeneous response sequences.Email this article to a colleague.
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Three experiments investigated how instrumental and Pavlovian contingencies contribute to resistance to change (RTC) in different ordinal response positions within heterogeneous response sequences in pigeons. RTC in the initial and terminal response positions of a three-response sequence were compared in Experiment 1, which presented three colored key lights in succession in each trial; and in Experiment 2, which severely degraded Pavlovian contingencies by presenting the lights simultaneously at each ordinal position. Experiment 3 eliminated the instrumental contingency in a high-order sign-tracking procedure. When the in...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Reid, Alliston K. Source Type: journals
Learned predictiveness effects in humans: A function of learning, performance, or both?Email this article to a colleague.
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Many previous studies of animal and human learning indicate a processing advantage for cues previously experienced as good predictors of outcomes over those experienced as poorer predictors. Four studies of human associative learning investigated whether learned predictiveness acts at the level of learning (modulating the rate at which cue–outcome associations form), performance (modulating the strength of behavioral responses), or both. In Experiments 1–3, it was found that retrospectively altering the learned predictiveness of cues influenced responding to those cues, demonstrating that learned predictiveness influen...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Le Pelley, M. E.; Suret, M. B.; Beesley, T. Source Type: journals
The loss of latent inhibition across compound conditioning.Email this article to a colleague.
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Six experiments used a magazine approach paradigm with rats to investigate latent inhibition (LI). Experiment 1 found that compound conditioning did not increase evidence for LI, in contrast to predictions from acquisition-deficit models that are based on a common error term (e.g., J. M. Pearce & G. Hall, 1980; A. R. Wagner, 1981). Instead, it appeared that preexposed and non-preexposed stimuli conditioned to the same asymptote following compound conditioning, as is the case when these stimuli are conditioned separately. This was confirmed in three further experiments that used probe trials to measure conditioning to each ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Holmes, Nathan M.; Harris, Justin A. Source Type: journals
Potentiation and overshadowing in Pavlovian fear conditioning.Email this article to a colleague.
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The present experiments addressed a fundamental discrepancy in the Pavlovian conditioning literature concerning responding to a target cue following compound reinforced training with another cue of higher salience. Experiment 1 identified one determinant of whether the target cue will be overshadowed or potentiated by the more salient cue, namely contiguity between compound CS termination and US presentation. Overshadowing and potentiation were observed with delay and trace procedures, respectively. Experiments 2 and 3 contrasted elemental and configural explanations of potentiation. Both experiments supported a configural...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Urcelay, Gonzalo P.; Miller, Ralph R. Source Type: journals
Absence of overshadowing between a landmark and geometric cues in a distinctively shaped environment: A test of Miller and Shettleworth (2007).Email this article to a colleague.
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Rats in the first 2 experiments, which were designed to test predictions from a model of spatial learning by N. Y. Miller and S. J. Shettleworth (2007), had to escape from a triangular pool by swimming to a submerged platform in a geometrically unique corner. A spherical landmark was suspended above the platform for an overshadowing group. A control group was trained with the same arrangement and with a second, identical landmark suspended in another corner. The platform could thus be found by reference to the landmark or the geometric cues in the overshadowing group, whereas the control group had to rely on geometric cues...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: McGregor, Anthony; Horne, Murray R.; Esber, Guillem R.; Pearce, John M. Source Type: journals
The psychological organization of “uncertainty” responses and “middle” responses: A dissociation in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).Email this article to a colleague.
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Some studies of nonhuman animals’ metacognitive capacity encourage competing low-level, behavioral descriptions of trial–decline responses by animals in uncertainty-monitoring tasks. To evaluate the force of these behavioral descriptions, the authors presented 6 capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) with 2 density discrimination tasks between sparse and dense stimuli. In one task, difficult trials with stimuli near the middle of the density continuum could be declined through an “uncertainty” response. In the other task, making a “middle” response to the same stimuli was rewarded. In Experiment 1, capuchins essential...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Beran, Michael J.; Smith, J. David; Coutinho, Mariana V. C.; Boomer, Joseph; Couchman, Justin J. Source Type: journals
Resolution of conflict between goal-directed actions: Outcome encoding and neural control processes.Email this article to a colleague.
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According to O-R theory of instrumental learning, incongruent biconditional discriminations should be impossible to solve in a goal-directed manner because the event acting as the outcome of one response also acts as a discriminative stimulus for an opposite response. Each event should therefore be associated with two competing responses. However, Dickinson and de Wit (2003) have presented evidence that rats can learn incongruent discriminations. The present study investigated whether rats were able to engage additional processes to solve incongruent discriminations in a goal-directed manner. Experiment 1 provides evidence...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: de Wit, Sanne; Ostlund, Sean B.; Balleine, Bernard W.; Dickinson, Anthony Source Type: journals
Early maternal separation increases symptoms of activity-based anorexia in male and female rats.Email this article to a colleague.
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Running activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, increasing the release of stress hormones known to exert anorexic effects. HPA axis reactivity is strongly influenced by early postnatal manipulations, including removal of pups from the dam for short (handling) or prolonged (maternal separation) durations during the preweaning period. The authors examined the effects of handling and maternal separation on food intake, body weight loss, and running rates of young adult male and female rats in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm. Postnatal treatment did not affect adaptation to a 1-hr restricted fee...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hancock, Stephanie; Grant, Virginia Source Type: journals
Attentional and error-correcting associative mechanisms in classical conditioning.Email this article to a colleague.
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R. A. Rescorla (2000, Rescorla, 2001, Rescorla, 2002) reported that the associative changes undergone by 2 conditioned stimuli that are reinforced or not reinforced in compound depend on their initial associations. The results contradict the predictions of simple error-correction models but can be explained by models that incorporate a “constrained” error-correction rule. A model of classical conditioning presented by N. A. Schmajuk, Y. Lam, and J. A. Gray (1996) suggests that attentional mechanisms, acting during both compound training and testing, have an important role in producing those results. Moreover, the model...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Schmajuk, Nestor Source Type: journals
Spontaneous recovery of excitation and inhibition.Email this article to a colleague.
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In two conditioned suppression experiments with rats as subjects, the authors examined two classes of accounts of spontaneous recovery of excitation and inhibition. One view suggests that spontaneous recovery occurs due to greater temporal instability of inhibitory associations, whereas the other posits that spontaneous recovery occurs due to greater temporal instability of second-learned associations. These accounts diverge in predictions concerning spontaneous recovery when the first-learned association is inhibitory and the second-learned association is excitatory. Using different designs, Experiments 1 and 2 found spon...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sissons, Heather T.; Miller, Ralph R. Source Type: journals
Hysteresis effects in a motor task with cotton-top tamarins (Sanguinus oedipus).Email this article to a colleague.
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The way human adults grasp an object is influenced by their recent history of motor actions. Previously executed grasps are often more likely to reoccur on subsequent grasps. This type of hysteresis effect has been incorporated into cognitive models of motor planning, suggesting that when planning movements, individuals tend to reuse recently used plans rather than generating new plans from scratch. To the best of our knowledge, the phylogenetic roots of this phenomenon have not been investigated. Here, the authors asked whether 6 cotton-top tamarin monkeys (Saguinus oedipus) would demonstrate a hysteresis effect on a reac...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - July 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Weiss, Daniel J.; Wark, Jason Source Type: journals
The caudal regeneration blastema is an accumulation of rapidly proliferating stem cells in the flatworm Macrostomum lignanoEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Regeneration after artificial amputation of the tail plate of adult specimens of Macrostomum lignano involves wound healing and the formation of a regeneration blastema. Neoblasts undergo extensive proliferation within the blastema. Proliferation patterns of S-phase neoblasts indicate that neoblasts are either determined to follow a specific cell fate not before, but after going through S-phase, or that they can be redetermined after S-phase. In pulse-chase experiments, dispersed distribution of label suggests that S-phase labeled progenitor cells of the male genital apparatus undergo further proliferation bef...
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - July 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Bernhard EggerRobert GschwentnerMichael HessKatharina NimethZbigniew AdamskiMaxime WillemsReinhard RiegerWilli Salvenmoser Source Type: journals
Temperature, phenotype, and the evolution of temperature-dependent sex determination: how do natural incubations compare to laboratory incubations?Email this article to a colleague.
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Phenotypic variation is a fundamental component of the process of evolution and understanding the factors that create this variation is critical to investigations of this process. We test the hypothesis that phenotypic variation created under natural incubation conditions will differ from that created under constant laboratory conditions in a reptile species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). Using a split clutch design, we demonstrate that offspring morphology, behavior, and sex differed between hatchlings incubated in the field and those from the labor...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - July 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Paitz RT, Gould AC, Holgersson MC, Bowden RM Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
In vitro efficacy of praziquantel against the cercariae of Diplostomum sp., Rhipidocotyle fennica and R. campanulaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - July 13, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: A Voutilainen, M Saarinen, A Suonpää, J Taskinen Source Type: journals
Signals use by leaders in Macaca tonkeana and Macaca mulatta: group-mate recruitment and behaviour monitoring.Email this article to a colleague.
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Animals living in groups have to make consensus decisions and communicate with each other about the time, or the direction, in which to move. In some species, the process relies on the proposition of a single individual, i.e. a first individual suggests a movement and the other group members decide whether or not to join this individual. In Tonkean (Macaca tonkeana) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), it has been observed that this first individual displays specific signals at departure. In this paper, we aimed to explore the function of such behaviours, i.e. if these behaviours were recruitment signals or only cues ...
Source: Animal Cognition - July 13, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sueur C, Petit O Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Long-tailed macaques display unexpected waiting abilities in exchange tasks.Email this article to a colleague.
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The ability of animals to delay gratification is crucial for complex goal-directed action. It may help them in making effective decisions when facing a choice. We tested the ability of nine long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to delay gratification in several experiments. In exchange tasks, subjects had to keep a small piece of cookie before returning it to an experimenter in order to get a larger food amount. Results showed that animals could wait between 10 s and 10 min depending on individual and sizes of reward. In another experiment, subjects could immediately give back the initial piece of cookie then wait...
Source: Animal Cognition - July 13, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Pelé M, Dufour V, Micheletta J, Thierry B Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Ecology Predicts Levels of Genetic Differentiation in Neotropical BirdsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Despite the theoretical link between the ecology and the population genetics of species, little empirical evidence is available that corroborates the association. Here, we examined genetic variation in 40 codistributed species of lowland Neotropical rain forest birds that have populations isolated on either side of the Andes, the Amazon River, and the Madeira River. We found widely varying levels of genetic divergence among these taxa across the same biogeographic barriers. Our investigation of the extent to which ecological traits predi...
Source: The American Naturalist - July 13, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Functions in Biological and Artificial WorldsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Acta Zoologica - July 12, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Gerhard Schlosser Source Type: journals
Sensory structures involved in prey detection on the labial palp of the ant-hunting beetle Siagona europaea Dejean 1826 (Coleoptera, Carabidae)Email this article to a colleague.
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Giglio, A., Ferrero E.A., Perrotta, E., Talarico, F.F. and Zetto Brandmayr, T. 2009. Sensory structures involved in prey detection on the labial palp of the ant-hunting beetle Siagona europaea Dejean 1826 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx: 00[ndash]00 The ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the labial palps of a myrmecophagous carabid beetle, Siagona europaea, were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Five types of sensilla were identified: three types of sensilla basiconica on the apical sensory area and two types, one sensillum trichodeum and ...
Source: Acta Zoologica - July 12, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Anita Giglio, Enrico Antonio Ferrero, Enrico Perrotta, Federica Fabia Talarico, Tullia Zetto Brandmayr Source Type: journals
Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against Taura syndrome virusEmail this article to a colleague.
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We produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from the fusion of Taura syndrome virus variants from Belize (TSV-BZ) immunized BALB/cJ mouse spleen cells and non-immunoglobulin secreting SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells. One antibody, 2C4, showed strong specificity and sensitivity for TSV in dot-blot immunoassay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The MAb reacted against native TSV-BZ, TSV variants from Sinaloa, Mexico (TSV-SI) and TSV variants from Hawaii (TSV-HI) in dot-blot immunoassay. By IHC, the antibody identified the virus in a pattern similar to the digoxigenin-labelled TSV-cDNA probe for the TSV-BZ, TSV-HI and...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - July 12, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: I Côté, B T Poulos, R M Redman, D V Lightner Source Type: journals
The invasion of Argentina by the European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculusEmail this article to a colleague.
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We provide an updated distribution and dispersal rate of the introduced European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in Argentina. According to our results this invasive species is currently colonizing parts of Mendoza and Neuquén Provinces, where rivers are very important in the spread of the rabbits, especially in unfavourable areas. The maximun rate of dispersal registered in this study was 9 km/year. Some information was obtained to indicate that the presence of this exotic species threatens agriculture, livestock, forestry, and natural ecosystems of the Patagonia region.
Source: Mammal Review - July 10, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: NEVER BONINO, RAMÓN SORIGUER Source Type: journals
Representational insight in pigeons: comparing subjects with and without real-life experience.Email this article to a colleague.
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Understanding the relation between objects and their pictures at a level beyond mere feature discrimination is by no means a trivial cognitive ability, and support of this is still weak in nonhuman species. Here, we report evidence of representational insight in pigeons. Responding to pictures of human body parts was compared in birds that had extensive pre-experience with live humans and in birds that had never seen any human heads. In a two-alternative forced-choice procedure the pigeons were trained to discriminate between pictures of either handless or headless humans and nonhumans. On test, the birds had to choose...
Source: Animal Cognition - July 10, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Aust U, Huber L Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
The Life of a Dead Ant: The Expression of an Adaptive Extended PhenotypeEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Specialized parasites are expected to express complex adaptations to their hosts. Manipulation of host behavior is such an adaptation. We studied the fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, a locally specialized parasite of arboreal Camponotus leonardi ants. Ant‐infecting Ophiocordyceps are known to make hosts bite onto vegetation before killing them. We show that this represents a fine‐tuned fungal adaptation: an extended phenotype. Dead ants were found under leaves, attached by their mandibles, on the northern side of saplings ∼25 cm...
Source: The American Naturalist - July 10, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Natural History Note Source Type: journals
Hierarchical Metapopulation Dynamics of Two Aphid Species on a Shared Host PlantEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: We modeled hierarchical multiscale colonization‐extinction dynamics of two aphid species living in a shared host plant. We parameterized the model with data collected at the level of individual ramets of the host plant, with the plants being organized as groups within islands. As expected, the extinction rates and per capita colonization rates decreased with increasing spatial scale. The per capita colonization rates were greater for winged than for unwinged individuals, but as the unwinged individuals were much more abundant, they act...
Source: The American Naturalist - July 10, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
The female reproductive system and control of oviposition in Locusta migratoria migratorioidesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Angela B. Lange - The spermatheca acts as a repository for sperm deposited by the male and, in the African migratory locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Fairmaire and Reiche, 1849)),...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - July 10, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Molecular differentiation of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolates from farmed and wild salmonids in IrelandEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study investigated the genotypes and sub-groups of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) present in farmed and wild salmonid fish in Ireland. An 1100-bp portion of the VP2 region of segment A from each of 55 IPNV isolates collected over 2003[ndash]2007 was amplified by reverse-transcription[ndash]polymerase chain reaction and the product directly sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each isolate were aligned and compared with each other and with the corresponding sequences of a number of reference isolates. All the 55 sequenced isolates belonged to genogroup 5 (Sp serotype) and could be divided into two subgro...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: N M Ruane, L J McCarthy, D Swords, K Henshilwood Source Type: journals
Increased survival by feeding tetradecylthioacetic acid during a natural outbreak of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in S0 Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.Email this article to a colleague.
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We have previously documented increased survival by feeding tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) during a natural outbreak of infectious pancreatic necrosis in post-smolt S1 Atlantic salmon. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of dietary TTA in S0 smolt at a location where fish often experience natural outbreaks of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) during their first spring at sea. The experimental groups were fed a diet supplemented with 0.25% TTA for a 6-week period prior to a natural outbreak of HSMI in May 2007. Relative percent survival for the groups fed TTA was 45% compared with control diets...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: H Alne, M S Thomassen, H Takle, B F Terjesen, F Grammes, M Oehme, S Refstie, T Sigholt, R K Berge, K-A Rørvik Source Type: journals
Melanomacrophages in three species of free-ranging sharks from the northwestern Atlantic, the blue shark Prionacae glauca (L.), the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrhinchus Rafinesque, and the thresher, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre)Email this article to a colleague.
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The melanomacrophage aggregates or cells (MMC) are commonly used as biomarkers of exposure to pollution in fish, albeit their numbers and morphological characteristics can be influenced not only by environmental toxins but also by a range of physiological parameters and pathological conditions. Accordingly, before we can use MMC as biomarkers in any fish species, their normal, 'background' characteristics have to be established in apparently healthy fish. The knowledge of MMC in sharks is minimal. The aim of this study was to characterize MMC from 51 free-ranging, large pelagic sharks from the northwestern Atlantic, includ...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: J D Borucinska, K Kotran, M Shackett, T Barker Source Type: journals
Identification and pathogenicity to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), of some aeromonadsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Twelve strains of fish pathogenic aeromonads were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Aeromonas bestiarum, A. hydrophila, A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, A. sobria biovar sobria and A. veronii biovar sobria. Following intramuscular injection, A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis caused dark liquefying, raised furuncle-like lesions in rainbow trout within 48 h. Extracellular products of all cultures contained gelatinase and lecithinase, and most revealed lipase. Congo red absorption and siderophore production was recorded, but not so the suicide phenomenon or slime production. Sodium dodecyl su...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: P Orozova, M Barker, D A Austin, B Austin Source Type: journals
Forty keratin-associated beta-proteins (beta-keratins) form the hard layers of scales, claws, and adhesive pads in the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis.Email this article to a colleague.
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Using bioinformatic methods we have detected the genes of 40 keratin-associated beta-proteins (KAbetaPs) (beta-keratins) from the first available draft genome sequence of a reptile, the lizard Anolis carolinensis (Broad Institute, Boston). All genes are clustered in a single but not yet identified chromosomal locus, and contain a single intron of variable length. 5'-RACE and RT-PCR analyses using RNA from different epidermal regions show tissue-specific expression of different transcripts. These results were confirmed from the analysis of the A. carolinensis EST libraries (Broad Institute). Most deduced proteins are 12...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Dalla Valle L, Nardi A, Bonazza G, Zuccal C, Emera D, Alibardi L Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Co-occurrence of two tadpole shrimp, Triops cf. australiensis (Branchiopoda : Notostraca), lineages in middle Paroo, north-western New South Wales, with the first record of Triops hermaphrodites for the Australian continentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Gopal Murugan, Hortencia Obregón-Barboza, Alejandro M. Maeda-Martínez, Brian V. Timms - Volume 57(2)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
So long as it's near water: variable roosting behaviour of the large-footed myotis (Myotis macropus)Email this article to a colleague.
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Susan Campbell - Volume 57(2)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Mating system and genetic structure in the paper wasp (Polistes humilis)Email this article to a colleague.
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Stephen J. Hoggard, Andrew J. Beattie, Michael R. Gillings, Adam J. Stow - Volume 57(2)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - July 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
