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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 12.

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White-winged vampire bats (Diaemus youngi) exchange contact callsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
G. G. Carter, M. B. Fenton, and P. A. Faure - Temporally precise vocal exchanges, termed “antiphonal calling”, might allow pair or group members to maintain social contact with greater efficiency than when calling independently. The...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 26, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

Peck tracking: a method for localizing critical features within complex pictures for pigeons.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The pigeon is a standard animal in comparative psychology and is frequently used to investigate visuocognitive functions. Nonetheless, the strategies that pigeons use to discriminate complex visual stimuli remain a difficult area of study. In search of a reliable method to identify features that control the discrimination behaviour, pecking location was tracked using touch screen technology in a people-absent/people-present discrimination task. The correct stimuli contained human figures anywhere on the picture, but the birds were not required to peck on that part. However, the stimuli were designed in a way that only ...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Dittrich L, Rose J, Buschmann JU, Bourdonnais M, Güntürkün O Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals

Evolution of developmental regulation in the vertebrate FgfD subfamily.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) encode small signaling proteins that help regulate embryo patterning. Fgfs fall into seven families, including FgfD. Nonvertebrate chordates have a single FgfD gene; mammals have three (Fgf8, Fgf17, and Fgf18); and teleosts have six (fgf8a, fgf8b, fgf17, fgf18a, fgf18b, and fgf24). What are the evolutionary processes that led to the structural duplication and functional diversification of FgfD genes during vertebrate phylogeny? To study this question, we investigated conserved syntenies, patterns of gene expression, and the distribution of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) in FgfD gen...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jovelin R, Yan YL, He X, Catchen J, Amores A, Canestro C, Yokoi H, Postlethwait JH Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals

The fertility of ram sperm held for 24h at 5 degrees C prior to cryopreservation.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Diluted ram sperm can be held for 24h at 5 degrees C prior to cryopreservation without impacting cryosurvival rates, however, the effects this storage has on subsequent fertility are unknown. These studies were conducted to evaluate the fertility of semen held for 24h (to mimic shipping semen to a cryopreservation center), prior to freezing. Semen from Suffolk rams (n=3 in experiment 1 and n=6 in experiment 2) with initial motility of greater than 70%, were diluted to 200x10(6)sperm/mL, in one step, with a Tris-egg yolk-glycerol diluent. In experiment 1, diluted samples were cooled to 5 degrees C over 2h, and then divi...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Purdy PH, Mocé E, Stobart R, Murdoch WJ, Moss GE, Larson B, Ramsey S, Graham JK, Blackburn HD Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals

Treating ram sperm with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins improves cryosurvival.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, treating ram sperm with CLC increases sperm cryosurvival rates and sperm longevity after thawing. It also increases the cholesterol content, osmotic tolerance, and zona-binding capabilities of sperm. Finally, CLCs can be added to neat semen, making this technology feasible for practical application using current cryopreservation techniques for ram semen. PMID: 19615833 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Mocé E, Purdy PH, Graham JK Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals

Effect of container, vitrification volume and warming solution on cryosurvival of in vitro-produced bovine embryos.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aim of the present research was to develop a low cost and easy to perform vitrification method for in vitro-produced cattle embryos. Effect of container material was evaluated (plastic straw compared to glass capillary, experiment 1), two volume sample (1 compared to 0.5muL, experiment 2) and warming solution composition medium (Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM-199) compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS), experiment 3) as modifications of the open pulled straw (OPS) system in order to reduce embryo damage caused by exposure to cold. In all experiments, day 7 and expanded blastocysts of cattle were exposed to the...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Rios GL, Mucci NC, Kaiser GG, Alberio RH Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals

Effect of water temperature on laboratory swimming performance and natural activity levels of adult largemouth bassEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Caleb T. Hasler, Cory D. Suski, Kyle C. Hanson, Steven J. Cooke, David P. Philipp, and Bruce L. Tufts - Although locomotory performance in vertebrates is related to fitness, most performance tests are conducted in a laboratory setting, or in a manner that forces the...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

Effects of shell size on behavioural consistency and flexibility in hermit crabsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mark Briffa and Anne-Laurence Bibost - Animal personalities are assumed to be present when there are consistent between-individual differences in behaviour, whereas behavioural flexibility occurs when individual responses are continuously adjusted....
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

New releaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Audubon: Beyond Birds by E. Small et. al.
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

Food availability in spring influences reproductive output in the seed-preying edible dormouse (Glis glis)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
T. Kager and J. Fietz - Edible dormice (Glis glis (L., 1766)) display strong annual variation in their reproductive output that is closely related to resource availability, commonly measured through the...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

Reduced sperm performance in backcross hybrids between species pairs of whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A. R. Whiteley, K. N. Persaud, N. Derome, R. Montgomerie, and L. Bernatchez - Previous work has demonstrated that genomic incompatibilities work together with ecologically divergent selection to promote and maintain reproductive isolation between incipient species (dwarf and normal)...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

Ontogeny of a sexual dimorphism in tiger salamandersEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Richard D. Howard - Sexual dimorphism results when the sexes differ in the degree to which trait elaboration confers a reproductive or survival advantage. Trait size dimorphism is often...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

Intraspecific variation of temperature-induced effects on metamorphosis in the pool frog (Rana lessonae)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Germán Orizaola and Anssi Laurila - Understanding the factors that affect the process of metamorphosis in species with complex life cycles, and in particular their variation within and among populations, has...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals

Monitoring exposure to avian influenza viruses in wild mammalsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Avian influenza (AI) viruses primarily circulate in wild waterfowl populations and are occasionally transmitted to domestic poultry flocks. However, the possible roles of other wildlife species, such as wild mammals, in AI virus ecology have not been adequately addressed. Due to their habitat and behaviour, many wild mammals may be capable of transmitting pathogens among wild and domestic populations. Exposure to AI viruses has been reported in an array of wild and domestic animals. The presence of wild mammals on farms has been identified as a risk factor for at least one poultry AI outbreak in North America. These report...
Source: Mammal Review - June 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: KACI K. VANDALEN, SUSAN A. SHRINER, HEATHER J. SULLIVAN, J. JEFFREY ROOT, ALAN B. FRANKLIN Source Type: journals

FishPathogens.eu/vhsv: a user-friendly viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolate and sequence databaseEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A database has been created, http://www.FishPathogens.eu, with the aim of providing a single repository for collating important information on significant pathogens of aquaculture, relevant to their control and management. This database will be developed, maintained and managed as part of the European Community Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases function. This concept has been initially developed for viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and will be extended in future to include information on other significant aquaculture pathogens. Information included for each isolate comprises sequence, geographical origin, host ori...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: S P Jonstrup, T Gray, S Kahns, H F Skall, M Snow, N J Olesen Source Type: journals

Duets in Yellow-Naped Amazons: Variation in Syntax, Note Composition and Phonology at Different Levels of Social OrganizationEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We examined geographic variation in the pair duets of yellow-naped amazons, Amazona auropalliata, at five sites within one vocal dialect. We also examined variation at several levels of social organization, including within pairs, among pairs and among sites, to assess where variability was greatest. Variation was highest at the within-pair level, although variation was also present at all other levels and for all of the duet factors. We hypothesize that variation at the among-site level allows duets to indicate site membership, while variation at the within-pair level allows pairs to change their duet to match their curre...
Source: Ethology - June 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Christine R. Dahlin, Timothy F. Wright Source Type: journals

Book ReviewEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Acta Zoologica - June 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: John A. Nyakatura Source Type: journals

Ecological Limits and Fitness Consequences of Cross‐Gradient Pollen Movement in Lasthenia fremontiiEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study examines the potential for center‐to‐edge gene flow to occur and estimates the fitness consequences of cross‐gradient gene flow in an annual plant species restricted to California vernal pool wetlands. Phenological differences and highly focused foraging patterns of pollinators reduce the potential for center‐to‐edge gene flow across populations within pools. Furthermore, controlled crosses simulating different patterns of gene flow across the environmental gradient reveal that center‐to‐edge gene flow does not reduce plant fitness at the edge but instead yields an increase in emergence rates and a...
Source: The American Naturalist - June 23, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals

Genetic Variation Promotes Long‐Term Coexistence of Brassica nigra and Its CompetitorsEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles. Abstract: How multiple species coexist in the face of limiting resources remains one of the central questions in ecology. Recent theoretical and empirical studies have documented the importance of evolutionary forces in species coexistence. However, there remains a disconnect between these two approaches, as empirical studies are generally too short to explore long‐term coexistence and theoretical studies are rarely specific enough to allow for meaningful comparisons with natural systems. Here I combine field data with simulation modeling to tes...
Source: The American Naturalist - June 23, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article ‐Article Source Type: journals

Red fluorescent Xenopus laevis: a new tool for grafting analysisEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: We have established a useful new tool to label grafts in Xenopus transplantation experiments.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - June 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Christoph WaldnerMagdalena RooseGerhart Ryffel Source Type: journals

ERK activation is involved in tooth development via FGF10 signaling.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This study investigated epithelial patterning and tooth growth in the mouse embryo by monitoring ERK and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. ERK, MEK, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were activated at different levels and locations in the developing tooth at E13.5 to E16.5 and PN2. ERK was activated in the inner dental epithelium and cervical loop, while PTEN was activated in the outer dental epithelium. In addition, only ERK was activated in secretory ameloblast at PN2. To further define the pathways involving FGF and ERK, tooth germs were cultured in the presence of compounds to inhibit MAPK/ERK-mediated ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Cho KW, Cai J, Kim HY, Hosoya A, Ohshima H, Choi KY, Jung HS Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals

Do molecular signals from the conceptus influence endometrium decidualization in rodents?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
A critical period in establishing pregnancy occurs after the onset of implantation but before placental development. Evidence strongly suggests that abnormalities occurring during this period can result in pregnancy termination or in pre-eclampsia; the latter may lead to small-for-gestational-weight offspring that are likely to be unhealthy. Clearly, events occurring in the endometrium during the implantation process are crucial for proper fetal development and for optimal offspring health. In several mammalian species bi-directional communication between the conceptus and endometrium during implantation is required fo...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Herington JL, Bany BM Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals

Effects of ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase on immortalization of feather keratinocyte stem cells.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we investigated the effects of ectopic expression of hTERT on proliferation potential of chicken feather keratinocyte stem cells (FKSCs). We established FKSCs transduced with hTERT catalytic subunit fused with EGFP marker gene (hTERT-EGFP-FKSCs). hTERT-EGFP-FKSCs had the great potential of proliferation in vitro and expressed kerainocyte stem cell markers integrin beta1 and CD49c. Keratin 15 and keratin 19, as native FKSCs, were also detected in hTERT-EGFP-FKSCs. By the analysis of fluorescent RT-PCR, western blotting and TRAP assay, hTERT-EGFP-FKSCs were positive for telomerase activity, in comparison with ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Xu Y, Yu M, Wu F, Sun J, Wood C, Hattori MA, Wang J, Xi Y Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals

Cell population indexes of spermatogenic yield and testicular sperm reserves in adult jaguars (Panthera onca).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The objective of the present study was to quantify intrinsic yield and the Sertoli cell index in the spermatogenic process and estimate testicular sperm reserves by histological assessment of fragments obtained by testicular biopsy of five adult jaguars in captivity. The testicular fragments were fixed in 4% glutaric aldehyde, dehydrated at increasing alcohol concentrations, included into hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and were cut into 4mum thickness. In the seminiferous epithelium of the jaguar, 9.2 primary spermatocytes in pre-leptotene were produced by "A" spermatogonia. During the meiotic divisions only 3.2 spermatids wer...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Azevedo MH, Paula TA, Matta SL, Fonseca CC, Costa EP, Costa DS, Peixoto JV Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals

Characteristics of stimulation of gonadotropin secretion by kisspeptin-10 in female goats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The aims of the present study were to clarify the effect of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in goats, and compare the characteristics of any response with those of the response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The experiments were performed using four female goats (4-5 years old) in the luteal phase of estrous cycle. A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of 1, 5 and 10mug/kg b.w. (0.77, 3.85 and 7.69nmol/kg b.w.) of Kp10 stimulated the release of LH. Maximum values were observed 20-30min after the inj...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hashizume T, Saito H, Sawada T, Yaegashi T, Ezzat AA, Sawai K, Yamashita T Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals

A cross-sectional study to collect risk factors associated with stillbirths in pig herds.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, this study has clearly demonstrated that breed is a major factor involved in the frequency of stillbirth. Additionally, some management practices before or at parturition may reduce the number of stillborn piglets. PMID: 19604659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Vanderhaeghe C, Dewulf J, Ribbens S, de Kruif A, Maes D Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals

What do dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) understand about hidden objects?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Object permanence, the ability to mentally represent and reason about objects that have disappeared from view, is a fundamental cognitive skill that has been extensively studied in human infants and terrestrial animals, but not in marine animals. A series of four experiments examined this ability in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). After being trained on a "find the object" game, dolphins were tested on visible and invisible displacement tasks, and transpositions. In Experiments 1 and 2, dolphins succeeded at visible displacements, but not at invisible displacements or transpositions. Experiment 3 showed that ...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 18, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jaakkola K, Guarino E, Rodriguez M, Erb L, Trone M Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals

Effects of treatment with a prostaglandin analogue on developmental dynamics and functionality of induced corpora lutea in goats.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, synchronization of oestrus and ovulation by the administration of a prostaglandin analogue causes differences in developmental dynamics and functionality of induced corpora lutea when compared to natural spontaneous ovulation. PMID: 19541434 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 18, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Vázquez MI, Blanch MS, Alanis GA, Chaves MA, Gonzalez-Bulnes A Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals

The central nervous system of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) shows positive immunostaining for a chordate glial secretionEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: Our results show that: a) the glial cells of the holothurian tubular nervous system produce a material similar to Reissner's substance known to be synthesized by secretory glial cells in all chordates studied so far; b) the nervous system of sea cucumbers shows an previously unrealized complexity of glial organization. Our findings also provide significant clues for interpretation of the evolution of the nervous system in the Deuterostomia. It is suggested that echinoderms and chordates might have inherited the RS-producing radial glial cell type from the central nervous system of their common ancestor, i.e., ...
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - June 17, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Vladimir MashanovOlga ZuevaThomas HeinzellerBeate AschauerWilfried NaumannJesus GrondonaManuel CifuentesJose Garcia-Arraras Source Type: journals

Foxl2 functions in sex determination and histogenesis throughout mouse ovary developmentEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The results, including a comprehensive principal component analysis, 1) support the proposal of dose-dependent Foxl2 function and anti-testis action throughout ovary differentiation; and 2) identify candidate genes for roles in sex determination independent of FOXL2 (e.g., the transcription factors IRX3 and ZBTB7C) and in the generation of the ovarian reserve downstream of FOXL2 (e.g., the cadherin-domain protein CLSTN2 and the sphingomyelin synthase SGMS2). The gene inventory is a first step toward the identification of the full range of pathways with partly autonomous roles in ovary development, and thus pro...
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - June 17, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jose Elias Garcia-OrtizEmanuele PelosiShakib OmariTimur NedorezovYulan PiaoJesse KarmazinManuela UdaAntonio CaoSteve ColeAntonino ForaboscoDavid SchlessingerChris Ottolenghi Source Type: journals

Riedl's burden and the body plan: selection, constraint, and deep time.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Rupert Riedl's concept of burden forms a causal hypothesis on organismic integration and evolutionary constraints. Defined as the hierarchically nested interdependence of characters within the organism, burden was seen as (1) defining and conserving body plans and (2) constraining and directing evolutionary trajectories. A review of the components of the burden concept reveals important consistencies with the modern tenets of evo-devo. This concept differs from the current consensus of evolutionary theory in that it (1) grants evolution less options for changing tightly integrated, "locked-in" characters and (2) in ded...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 17, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Schoch RR Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals

Genetic heterogeneity of betanodaviruses in juvenile production trials of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, we examined the genetic variability of betanodaviruses detected in the diseased juveniles to understand the transmission of the disease in a tuna hatchery. A total of 94 nucleotide sequences of betanodavirus (partial sequence of the coat protein gene, RNA2) were obtained from fish samples by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification and 13 haplotypes were recognized among the sequences. The haplotype distributions in the viral populations from the diseased juveniles were related to the broodstocks from which the juveniles originated, suggesting that vertical transmission had occurred in t...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: T Sugaya, K Mori, T Nishioka, S Masuma, M Oka, K Mushiake, Y Okinaka, T Nakai Source Type: journals

The DEAD-box protein MEL-46 is required in the germ line of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegansEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions The C. elegans gene mel-46 encodes a DEAD box protein that is required maternally for early embryogenesis and zygotically for postembryonic development. In the germ line, it is required for proper oogenesis. Although it interacts genetically with genes of the germline sex determination machinery its primary function appears to be in oocyte differentiation rather than sex determination.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - June 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Ryuji MinasakiAlessandro PuotiAdrian Streit Source Type: journals

Remodeling sympathetic innervation in rat pancreatic islets ontogenyEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Conclusions: The results suggest that NGF signalling play an important role in the guidance of blood vessels and sympathetic fibres toward the islets during foetal and neonatal stages and could also preserve innervation at later stages of life.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - June 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Siraam Cabrera-VasquezVictor Navarro-TablerosCarmen Sanchez-SotoGabriel Gutierrez-OspinaMarcia Hiriart Source Type: journals

Human facial discrimination in horses: can they tell us apart?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The human-horse relationship has a long evolutionary history. Horses continue to play a pivotal role in the lives of humans and it is common for humans to think their horses recognize them by face. If a horse can distinguish his/her human companion from other humans, then evolution has supplied the horse with a very adaptive cognitive ability. The current study used operant conditioning trials to examine whether horses could discriminate photographed human faces and transfer this facial recognition ability a novel setting. The results indicated the horses (a) learned to discriminate photographs of the unrelated individ...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Stone SM Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals

Serial list combination by monkeys (Macaca mulatta): test cues and linking.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
This investigation assessed prospective bases of non-human primate cognitive operations that support serial list memory. Four macaques learned 3-, 5-item ordered lists of objects (as two-choice problems) and then either did or did not (in a within-subject design) receive training on pairs that linked the three original lists into a 15-item serial order. Next, subjects experienced selective exposure trials on object pairs that either maintained or contrasted to the serial position relationships seen during original learning. Subsequent comprehensive tests assessed the interactive effects of linking and exposure conditio...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Treichler FR, Raghanti MA Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals

First isolation and characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Brazilian Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Lactococcus garvieae infection in cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz), from Brazil is reported. The commercial bacterial identification system, Biolog Microlog®, confirmed the identity of L. garvieae. Infectivity trials conducted in Nile tilapia using Brazilian Nile tilapia L. garvieae isolates resulted in a median lethal dose-50 of 1.4 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/fish. This is the first evidence of the presence of this pathogen from Brazilian fish. In addition, this is the first report of L. garvieae infection in either Nile tilapia or pintad...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: J J Evans, P H Klesius, C A Shoemaker Source Type: journals

Husbandry stress exacerbates mycobacterial infections in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Mycobacteria are significant pathogens of laboratory zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton). Stress is often implicated in clinical disease and morbidity associated with mycobacterial infections but has yet to be examined with zebrafish. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of husbandry stressors on zebrafish infected with mycobacteria. Adult zebrafish were exposed to Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium chelonae, two species that have been associated with disease in zebrafish. Infected fish and controls were then subjected to chronic crowding and handling stressors and examined over an 8-week period. Whole-body c...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: J M Ramsay, V Watral, C B Schreck, M L Kent Source Type: journals

Development of a method for the detection of infectious myonecrosis virus by reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nucleic acid lateral flow hybrid assayEmail this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We report the development of a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nucleic acid lateral flow method (RT-LAMP-NALF) for detection of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). The RT-LAMP-NALF method combines simplified nucleic acid extraction, a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification platform, and one-step visual colorimetric confirmation of the IMNV amplified sequences using a generic NALF qualitative detection test strip. The sensitivity of RT-LAMP (using two and three primer pairs) and nested RT-LAMP (using three primer pairs) was compared by real-time reverse-transcription-p...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: T P D Andrade, D V Lightner Source Type: journals

Do cleaner fish learn to feed against their preference in a reverse reward contingency task?Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In conclusion, we did not find support for the general idea that interactions with clients prepared cleaners to quickly solve a reverse reward test. However, the results suggest that the potential to solve a reverse reward contingency may not be restricted to mammals but could be present also in a fish species in which the problem of choosing a non-preferred food over a preferred one is an ever present challenge in nature. PMID: 19533186 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Cognition - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Danisman E, Bshary R, Bergmüller R Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals

Pigeons can discriminate "good" and "bad" paintings by children.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In this study, I investigated whether pigeons could be trained to discriminate between paintings that had been judged by humans as either "bad" or "good". To do this, adult human observers first classified several children's paintings as either "good" (beautiful) or "bad" (ugly). Using operant conditioning procedures, pigeons were then reinforced for pecking at "good" paintings. After the pigeons learned the discrimination task, they were presented with novel pictures of both "good" and "bad" children's paintings to test whether they had successfully learned to discriminate between these two stimulus categories. The result...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Watanabe S Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals

Characterization of myostatin/gdf8/11 in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
The signaling molecule Myostatin, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is crucially involved in the control of muscle growth and development in triploblastic organisms. A homolog to vertebrate myostatin and gdf8/11 was isolated from a diploblastic cnidarian, the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Here we provide a detailed characterization of the Nematostella myostatin/gdf8/11 gene and show the first analysis of gene expression in adult polyps. This analysis revealed that myostatin/gdf8/11 is expressed in the mesenteries, which are endodermal folds, and weakly in the body wall endoderm, but largely excluded f...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Saina M, Technau U Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals

Postembryonic development of the auditory system of the cicada Okanagana rimosa (Say) (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Cicadas (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae) use acoustic signalling for mate attraction and perceive auditory signals by a tympanal organ in the second abdominal segment. The main structural features of the ear are the tympanum, the sensory organ consisting of numerous scolopidial cells, and the cuticular link between sensory neurones and tympanum (tympanal ridge and apodeme). Here, a first investigation of the postembryonic development of the auditory system is presented. In insects, sensory neurones usually differentiate during embryogenesis, and sound-perceiving structures form during postembryogenesis. Cicadas ...
Source: Zoology - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Strauß J, Lakes-Harlan R Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals

Descending unpaired median neurons with bilaterally symmetrical axons in the suboesophageal ganglion of Manduca sexta larvae.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Three large median cell bodies with a diameter between 40 and 70mum that exhibit octopamine immunoreactivity were identified in the posterior part of the suboesophageal ganglion of the tobacco hawkmoth larva, Manduca sexta. These neurons possess bilaterally symmetrical axons in the posterior neck connectives, and at least one of them extends through the whole ventral nerve cord to the terminal abdominal ganglion. Therefore, these neurons belong to the class of descending ventral unpaired median neurons. From each cell body, a primary neurite ascends anteriorly, which after bending dorsally turns posteriorly and then bi...
Source: Zoology - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Cholewa J, Pflüger HJ Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals

Even-toed but uneven in length: the digits of artiodactyls.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In captive ruminants housed in small enclosures, hypertrophy of the outer hooves of the hindlimbs is often observed. We hypothesised that the underlying cause is overload attributable to an asymmetry of the digits, especially with respect to their length. To test this hypothesis, the bones of the digits of four species of artiodactyls, which included 11 wild chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), 11 captive fallow deer (Dama dama), 11 captive bison (Bison bison) and 11 European moose (Alces alces; 9 wild, 2 captive), were radiographed post mortem and measured using a computer programme. In addition, the dimensions of the outer...
Source: Zoology - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Keller A, Clauss M, Muggli E, Nuss K Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals

Metabolic profile of the perivertebral muscles in small therian mammals: implications for the evolution of the mammalian trunk musculature.Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
In order to gain a better understanding of the ancestral properties of the perivertebral muscles of mammals, this study investigated the fiber type composition of these muscles in six small, extant therians (two metatherians and four eutherians) similar in body shape to early mammals. Despite a few species-specific differences, the investigated species were very similar in their overall distribution of fiber types indicating similar functional demands on the back muscles in mammals of this body size and shape. Deep and short, mono- or multisegmental muscles (i.e., mm. interspinales, intermammillares, rotatores et inter...
Source: Zoology - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Schilling N Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals

The importance of the M. diaphragmaticus to the duration of dives in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis).Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We tested the hypothesis that the crocodilian M. diaphragmaticus extends the duration of dives by disabling this muscle in a group of juvenile American alligators and comparing the duration of their dives to the duration of the dives of animals in which the muscle remained intact. We studied the groups while they were fasting, 1h after they had eaten a meal with a density that was either greater or less than water, and at 22 and 28 degrees C. We found that the duration of dives was longer for the control group compared to animals without a functional M. diaphragmaticus, both when fasting and after having consumed the d...
Source: Zoology - June 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Uriona TJ, Lyon M, Farmer CG Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals

Lateral line depigmentation (LLD) in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
We present microbiological, immunological and histopathological features of this lesion in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), that developed after exposure to a chronic nutritional stress. Depigmention was limited to skin that was adjacent to the lateral line. The epidermis of affected fish was thin and reduced to a one-cell-thick layer over the lateral line. Melanocytes were depleted at the dermo-epidermal junction and formed aggregates in the epidermis. Innate immunity was weaker in affected fish than that previously measured in well-fed channel catfish. Because the pathology and apparent aetiology of HLL...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: J Corrales, A Ullal, E J Noga Source Type: journals

Idiopathic cardiac pathology in seawater-farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)Email this article to a colleague. Save this article to My Clippings. Discuss or comment on this article.
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: T T Poppe, G Bornø, L Iversen, E Myklebust Source Type: journals

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