Zoology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 13.
Comparison of histological features, and description of histopathological lesions in thyroid glands from three species of free-ranging sharks from the northwestern Atlantic, the blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.), the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrhinchus Rafinesque, and the thresher, Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre)
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Histomorphological features of piscine thyroids are widely accepted and frequently used as bioindicators of environmental pollution. This despite the fact that there is marked variation in thyroid morphology resulting from numerous pathological and physiological conditions. Our hypothesis was that there will be variations in histological features in thyroids collected from different shark species during the summer season in the northwestern Atlantic. To test our hypothesis, we examined histological features encountered in grossly normal thyroids from three species of sharks, the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrhinchus, thresher,...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: J D Borucinska, M Tafur Source Type: journals
Fitness and virulence of different strains of white spot syndrome virusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: B. Pradeep, I. Karunasagar, I. Karunasagar Source Type: journals
Effect of extracellular products of Tenacibaculum maritimum in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: R van Gelderen, J Carson, B Nowak Source Type: journals
Kin recognition loss following anesthesia in beetle larvae (Aleochara bilineata, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae).Email this article to a colleague.
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Kin recognition is a complex cognitive process, where an individual should detect a phenotypic cue and compare it to an internal template, which might be genetically determined (i.e., innate or acquired). Kin recognition mechanisms will depend on whether previous encounters with kin are possible or not to form the individual internal template. When relatives have never met before, kin recognition is supposed to rely on recognition alleles (which allows the innate recognition of relatives bearing them), or on self-referent phenotype matching (the individual has formed a template using its own phenotype and recognizes as...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 12, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Lizé A, Clément J, Cortesero AM, Poinsot D Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) adaptively monitor uncertainty while multi-tasking.Email this article to a colleague.
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As researchers explore animals' capacity for metacognition and uncertainty monitoring, some paradigms allow the criticism that animal participants-who are always extensively trained in one stimulus domain within which they learn to avoid difficult trials-use task-specific strategies to avoid aversive stimuli instead of responding to a generalized state of uncertainty like that humans might use. We addressed this criticism with an uncertainty-monitoring task environment in which four different task domains were interleaved randomly trial by trial. Four of five macaques (Macaca mulatta) were able to make adaptive uncerta...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 12, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Smith JD, Redford JS, Beran MJ, Washburn DA Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Cue use by foals (Equus caballus) in a discrimination learning task.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined the effect of cue modality on unweaned foals' performance in a discrimination learning task. After a pilot study confirmed that horses could perform the required OS cue discrimination, nine foals learnt to find food in one of three covered buckets, in any of four positions within a test arena. In Stage 1 the rewarded bucket was signified both by OS cues (pattern) and by relative spatial cues (position). On reaching criterion, cues were separated and foals had to ignore the inappropriate cue (Stage 2). Foals assigned to follow spatial cues (n = 5) completed Stage 2 faster than foals for whom OS cues remained con...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 12, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hothersall B, Gale EV, Harris P, Nicol CJ Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Circadian and Circannual Rhythms in the Metabolism and Ventilation of Red‐Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)Email this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract Endogenous circadian and circannual rhythms may exist in the metabolism, ventilation, and breathing pattern of turtles that could further prolong dive times during daily and seasonal periods of reduced activity. To test this hypothesis, turtles were held under seasonal or constant environmental conditions over a 1‐yr period, and in each season, $\dot{\mathrm{V}}\textsc{$o$}_{2}$ and respiratory variables were measured in all animals under both the prevailing seasonal conditions and the constant conditions for 24 h. Endogen...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - June 12, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
A Statistical Approach for Distinguishing Hybridization and Incomplete Lineage SortingEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: The extent and evolutionary significance of hybridization is difficult to evaluate because of the difficulty in distinguishing hybridization from incomplete lineage sorting. Here we present a novel parametric approach for statistically distinguishing hybridization from incomplete lineage sorting based on minimum genetic distances of a nonrecombining locus. It is based on the idea that the expected minimum genetic distance between sequences from two species is smaller for some hybridization events than for incomplete lineage sorting scena...
Source: The American Naturalist - June 11, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article ‐Article Source Type: journals
Tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) show understanding of human attentional states when requesting food held by a human.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, capuchin monkeys can understand variations in others' attentional states, although this ability appears limited compared to what is seen in humans.
PMID: 19517147 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Cognition - June 11, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hattori Y, Kuroshima H, Fujita K Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Comparative morphology of the axial complex and interdependence of internal organ systems in sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The structurally most divergent axial complex can be observed in the highly derived Atelostomata in which the reorganization of the digestive tract is most pronounced. Our findings demonstrate a structural interdependence of various internal organs, including digestive tract, mesenteries, and the axial complex.
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - June 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Alexander ZieglerCornelius FaberThomas Bartolomaeus Source Type: journals
Francisella sp., an emerging pathogen of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in Costa RicaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Francisella sp. is an emergent bacterial pathogen that causes acute to chronic disease in warm and cold water cultured and wild fish species. During the past 3 years, the bacterium has been detected in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, cultured in Costa Rica. Infected fish presented non-specific clinical signs, such as erratic swimming, anorexia, anaemia, exophthalmia and high mortality. Upon macroscopic and microscopic examination, several internal organs (mainly spleen and kidney) were enlarged and contained white nodules. Histological examination revealed the presence of multifocal granulomatous lesions, with the presence...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: E Soto, J P Hawke, D Fernandez, J A Morales Source Type: journals
Growth and reproduction of female eastern and whitebelly spinner dolphins incidentally killed in the eastern tropical Pacific tuna purse-seine fisheryEmail this article to a colleague.
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Jason P. Larese and Susan J. Chivers - Life-history parameters are estimated for two forms of the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828)): the eastern subspecies (Stenella longirostris orientalis Perrin, 1990) and the...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Explanation for missing limbs in deformed amphibians.Email this article to a colleague.
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We present evidence that the most commonly found deformities in wild-caught amphibians, those featuring missing limbs and missing limb segments, may be the result of selective predation. Here we report that predatory dragonfly nymphs can severely injure and even fully amputate developing hind limbs of anuran tadpoles. Developmental responses of the injured/amputated tadpole limbs range from complete regeneration to no regeneration, with intermediate conditions represented by various idiosyncratic limb deformities, depending mainly on the developmental stage of the tadpole at the time of injury/amputation. These findings we...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Ballengée B, Sessions SK Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Time-related changes of the intestinal morphology of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., at two different soybean meal inclusion levelsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Soybean meal (SBM) induces enteritis in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon. The present study assesses the effects of SBM concentrations on the kinetics of the enteritis process. Fish of 300 g, kept at 12 °C, were fed diets with different SBM inclusions: 0%, 10% and 20% SBM for 57 days. Samples of the distal intestine of five fish per treatment were taken for histological and electron microscopical analysis. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to assess the degree of the morphological changes induced by SBM feeding in the distal intestinal epithelium. The first signs of enteritis appeared earlier in the salmo...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: P A Urán, J W Schrama, J H W M Rombout, J J Taverne-Thiele, A Obach, W Koppe, J A J Verreth Source Type: journals
Lymphocystis disease virus persists in the epidermal tissues of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminch & Schlegel), at low temperaturesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Olive flounder artificially infected with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) were reared at 10, 20 and 30 °C for 60 days, to compare LCD-incidence. In the fish reared at 20 °C, lymphocystis cells appeared on the skin and fins at 35 days post-challenge, and the cumulative LCD-incidence was 80% at 60 days. High levels of LCDV, with a mean polymerase chain reaction (PCR) titre of 106 PCR-U mg[minus]1 tissue, were detected in the fins and skin of LCD-affected fish at 20 °C, but were not detected in the spleen, kidney, brain and intestinal tissues of these fish. No LCD clinical signs were observed in the fish reared at 10 °C...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: M Hossain, S-R Kim, S-I Kitamura, D-W Kim, S-J Jung, T Nishizawa, M Yoshimizu, M-J Oh Source Type: journals
Feeding Artemia franciscana (Kellogg) larvae with bacterial heat shock protein, protects from Vibrio campbellii infectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Among their numerous physiological effects, heat shock proteins (Hsps) are potent immunomodulators, a characteristic reflecting their potential as therapeutic agents and which led to their application in combating infection. As an example, the up-regulation of endogenous Hsp70 in the branchiopod crustacean Artemia franciscana (Kellogg) is concurrent with shielding against bacterial infection. To better understand this protective mechanism, gnotobiotic Artemia were fed with Escherichia coli treated to over-produce different prokaryotic Hsps. This was shown to increase larval resistance to experimental Vibrio campbellii expo...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Y Y Sung, M F Ashame, S Chen, T H MacRae, P Sorgeloos, P Bossier Source Type: journals
Multimodal communication by captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).Email this article to a colleague.
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Many studies have shown that apes and monkeys are adept at cross-modal matching tasks requiring the subject to identify objects in one modality when information regarding those objects has been presented in a different modality. However, much less is known about non-human primates' production of multimodal signaling in communicative contexts. Here, we present evidence from a study of 110 chimpanzees demonstrating that they select the modality of communication in accordance with variations in the attentional focus of a human interactant, which is consistent with previous research. In each trial, we presented desirable f...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Leavens DA, Russell JL, Hopkins WD Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
myGRN: A database and visualisation system for the storage and analysis of developmental genetic regulatory networksEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Here we are launching myGRN as a community-based repository for interaction networks, with a specific focus on developmental networks. We plan to extend its functionality, as well as use it to study networks involved in embryonic development in the future.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - June 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jamil BachaJames BrodieMatthew Loose Source Type: journals
Salivary gland branching morphogenesis: a quantitative systems analysis of the Eda/Edar/NFkappaB paradigmEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
In Tabby SMGs, upregulation of the Egf/Tgfalpha/Egfr pathway appears to mitigate the potentially severe abnormal phenotype predicted by the downregulation of Fgf8 and Shh. Others have suggested that the buffering of the phenotypic outcome that is coincident with variant Eda signaling could be a common mechanism that permits viable and diverse phenotypes, normal and abnormal. Our results support this proposition. Further, if branching epithelia use variations of a canonical developmental program, our results are likely applicable to understanding the phenotypes of other branching organs affected by Eda (EDA) mutation.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - June 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Michael MelnickRobert PhairSmadar LapidotTina Jaskoll Source Type: journals
Effect of age on energy storage during prehibernation swarming in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)Email this article to a colleague.
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L. P. McGuire, M. B. Fenton, and C. G. Guglielmo - At temperate latitudes insectivorous bats face substantial nutritional demands prior to hibernation. As temperature decreases and availability of insect prey declines, bats must deposit nutrient...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Foraging behavior and predation success of the sand viper (Cerastes vipera)Email this article to a colleague.
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Aziz Subach, Inon Scharf, and Ofer Ovadia - Activity levels and foraging success of ectotherms are dependent both on extrinsic factors (e.g., ambient temperature) and intrinsic factors (e.g., hunger level). We focus here...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Flexibility in the colouration of the meninx (brain covering) in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): investigations of potential functionEmail this article to a colleague.
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R. Gibson, J. G. Burns, and F. H. Rodd - Many organisms can change the apparent colour of their bodies by altering the aggregation of pigment in chromatophores in a process known as physiological colour...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Corrigendum Geographic variation in the isotopic (δD, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) composition of feathers and claws from lesser scaup and northern pintail: implications for studies of migratory connectivityEmail this article to a colleague.
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Robert G. Clark, Keith A. Hobson, and Leonard I. Wassenaar -
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - June 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Localization of thyrotropin receptor and thyroglobulin in the bovine corpus luteum.Email this article to a colleague.
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The receptor of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSHr) and thyroglobin (TGB), are two proteic factors necessary for the synthesis of hormones, in the thyrocite. In mammals, many immuno-histochemical reports indicate the presence of the TSHr in extra-thyroidal tissues, but not in the ovary. Triiodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)) have been widely shown to affect ovarian functions and the synthesis of progesterone (P(4)). The aim of this study was to determine if by immunohistochemistry techniques TSHr and TGB could be found in the bovine corpora haemorragica, lutea and albicantia. A primary rabbit polyclonal antibo...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - June 5, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Mutinati M, Desantis S, Rizzo A, Zizza S, Ventriglia G, Pantaleo M, Sciorsci RL Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Evolutionary conservation of Dazl genomic organization and its continuous and dynamic distribution throughout germline development in gynogenetic gibel carp.Email this article to a colleague.
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To investigate germline development and germ cell specification, we identified a Dazl homolog (CagDazl) from gynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Its cDNA sequence and BAC clone sequence analyses revealed the genomic organization conservation and conserved synteny of the Dazl family members and their neighborhood genes among vertebrates, especially in fish. Moreover, a polyclonal antibody specific to CagDazl was produced and used to examine its expression and distribution throughout germline development at protein level. Firstly, ovary-specific expression pattern of CagDazl was confirmed in adult tissues...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 5, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Peng JX, Xie JL, Zhou L, Hong YH, Gui JF Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Concordance between locomotor morphology and foraging mode in lacertid lizards.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, variation in hindlimb morphology is investigated in a model group of lizard species that vary between active foraging and more sedentary (or mixed) foraging mode. Canonical variates analysis reveals that the two active foraging species occupy similar regions of the morphospace, while the two more sedentary species occupy different regions. The active foraging species have a narrow pelvis with shorter tibia and femora. The more sedentary species have a wide pelvis, long tibia and femora, and slightly longer metatarsals. Phylogenetic patterns of trait variation were examined through ancestral character state r...
Source: Zoology - June 5, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: McBrayer LD, Wylie JE Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
Immunostimulants in prevention of columnaris disease of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 4, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: L-R Suomalainen, M Bandilla, E T Valtonen Source Type: journals
Influence of social conditions in song sharing in the adult canary.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, these results suggested that under the influence of social factors, a copying process could allow adult canaries to adjust, at least in part, their songs to those of other individuals.
PMID: 19495816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Cognition - June 4, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Lehongre K, Aubin T, Del Negro C Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Whole-body lift and ground effect during pectoral fin locomotion in the northern spearnose poacher (Agonopsis vulsa).Email this article to a colleague.
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The northern spearnose poacher, Agonopsis vulsa, is a benthic, heavily armored fish that swims primarily using pectoral fins. High-speed kinematics, whole-body lift measurements, and flow visualization were used to study how A. vulsa overcomes substantial negative buoyancy while generating forward thrust. Kinematics for five freely swimming poachers indicate that individuals tend to swim near the bottom (within 1cm) with a consistently small (less than 1 degrees ) pitch angle of the body. When the poachers swam more than 1cm above the bottom, however, body pitch angles were higher and varied inversely with speed, sugge...
Source: Zoology - June 4, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Nowroozi BN, Strother JA, Horton JM, Summers AP, Brainerd EL Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
Tetrahymena sp. infection in guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters: parasite characterization and pathology of infected fishEmail this article to a colleague.
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Tetrahymena sp. infection was diagnosed in guppies imported from Singapore. The parasite was isolated (Tet-NI) and optimally cultured in vitro in RM-9 medium. Cytological analyses [silver-staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] revealed a pyriform-shaped, 64 × 41-[mu]m holotrich ciliate without caudal cilium, containing a macro-nucleus (18.25 × 16.83 [mu]m) and micro-nucleus (5.73 × 5.40 [mu]m). Wet-mount examination and histological analyses of fish exposed to the parasite by co-habitation, immersion and infection by i.p. (intra-peritoneal) and i.m. (intra-muscular) injection revealed numerous ciliates on the ...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: M P Leibowitz, D Zilberg Source Type: journals
Susceptibility of selected freshwater fish species to a UK Lactococcus garvieae isolateEmail this article to a colleague.
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Gram-positive cocci recovered from diseased rainbow trout from a farm in England were characterized by different methods, including pulsed field gel electrophoresis, as virulent Lactococcus garvieae serogroup 2 (pulsotype A1). Groups of rainbow trout were kept at a range of temperatures and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with one of the UK isolates, L. garvieae 00021. The 18 °C and 16 °C groups showed 67% and 28% mortality, respectively, by day 27 post-injection. Fish kept at 14 °C or lower were less susceptible ([le]3% mortality). Raising the temperature of all groups to 18 °C at day 27 post-injection did not resul...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: M Algöet, A E Bayley, E G Roberts, S W Feist, R W Wheeler, D W Verner-Jeffreys Source Type: journals
Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and simple detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilumEmail this article to a colleague.
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Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold-water disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome of salmonids. The pathogen has been reported from all regions in the world involved in salmonid aquaculture, but also from natural fresh-water environments. We established a quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP) method to estimate quantities of F. psychrophilum. LAMP primers were designed based on the sequence of the DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B gene, parE, of F. psychrophilum. parE LAMP exhibited a high specificity for the parE gene of F. psychrophilum but not for other related s...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: E Fujiwara-Nagata, M Eguchi Source Type: journals
Distribution of the introduced cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in a wild population of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.Email this article to a colleague.
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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), which causes a lethal disease in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and koi, C. carpio koi, first occurred in Lake Biwa, Japan in 2004. To elucidate distribution of CyHV-3 in a wild common carp population, we conducted a PCR survey of CyHV-3 among such fish in Lake Biwa in 2006. Only 6% (1/18) of the common carp smaller than 300 mm were positive with PCR, whereas 31% (18/58) of fish larger than 300 mm were positive. To evaluate their past exposure to CyHV-3 infection based on the presence of antibodies, we also measured the levels of serum anti-CyHV-3 antibodies in the carp, using an enzyme-l...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: K Uchii, K Matsui, T Iida, Z Kawabata Source Type: journals
Homogeneity among Lactococcus garvieae isolates from striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider), and its ectoparasitesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: I Madinabeitia, S Ohtsuka, J Okuda, E Iwamoto, T Yoshida, M Furukawa, N Nakaoka, T Nakai Source Type: journals
The effect of hyperoxygenation and reduced flow in fresh water and subsequent infectious pancreatic necrosis virus challenge in sea water, on the intestinal barrier integrity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.Email this article to a colleague.
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In high intensive fish production systems, hyperoxygenation and reduced flow are often used to save water and increase the holding capacity. This commonly used husbandry practice has been shown to be stressful to fish and increase mortality after infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) challenge, but the cause and effect relationship is not known. Salmonids are particularly sensitive to stress during smoltification and the first weeks after seawater (SW) transfer. This work aimed at investigating the impact of hyperoxygenation combined with reduced flow in fresh water (FW), on the intestinal barrier in FW as well as du...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: H Sundh, R-E Olsen, F Fridell, K Gadan, Ø Evensen, J. Glette, G-E Taranger, R Myklebust, K Sundell Source Type: journals
Outbreak of betanodavirus infection in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in fresh waterEmail this article to a colleague.
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A betanodavirus associated with a massive mortality was isolated from larvae of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, maintained in fresh water at 30 °C. Histopathology revealed vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by a betanodavirus. The virus was identified by indirect fluorescent antibody test in the SSN1 cell line and further characterized by sequencing of a PCR product. Sequencing of the T4 region of the coat protein gene indicated a phylogenetic clustering of this isolate within the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus type. However, the tilapia isolate formed a unique branch distinct from othe...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: L Bigarré, J Cabon, M Baud, M Heimann, A Body, F Lieffrig, J Castric Source Type: journals
Tissue tropism of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., after intraperitoneal challenge with a virus isolate from diseased Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.)Email this article to a colleague.
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Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, averaging 100 g, were experimentally challenged by intraperitoneal injection of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) originating from Atlantic halibut. Cod tissues, including blood, gill, pectoral fin, barbel, ventricle, atrium, spleen, liver, lateral line (including muscle tissue), eye (retina) and brain, were sampled at day 25 and 130 and investigated by real-time RT-PCR for the presence of NNV. Relative quantifications at day 130 were calculated using the 2[minus][Delta][Delta]Ct method. Immunosuppression by injection of prednisolone-acetate was introduced for a 30-day period, and tissue sampled at d...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: K Korsnes, E Karlsbakk, M Devold, A H Nerland, A Nylund Source Type: journals
Development of a multiplex PCR assay for Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida identification in fish samplesEmail this article to a colleague.
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A multiplex polymerase chain reaction protocol for the detection of Photobacterium damselae and subspecies piscicida and damselae discrimination, with internal amplification control, was developed. Assay specificity was assessed by testing 19 target and 25 non-target pure cultures. The detection limit was 500 fg, corresponding to 100 genome equivalents. The optimized protocol was also prevalidated with spleen, kidney and blood samples from infected and uninfected sea bass, without any culture step, and it can be proposed as a valid alternative to culture standard methods for the rapid and specific diagnosis of photobacteriosis in fish.
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: G Amagliani, E Omiccioli, F Andreoni, R Boiani, I Bianconi, R Zaccone, M Mancuso, M Magnani Source Type: journals
The comparative psychophysics of complex shape perception.Email this article to a colleague.
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The authors compared the complex shape perception of humans and monkeys. Members of both species participated in a Same-Different paradigm in which they judged the similarity of shape pairs that could be variations of the same underlying prototype. For both species, similarity gradients were found to be steep going out from the transformational center of psychological space. In contrast, similarity gradients were found to be flat going from the periphery in toward the center of psychological space. These results show that there are important common principles in the shape-perception and shape-comparison processes of hu...
Source: Animal Cognition - June 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Smith JD, Redford JS, Haas SM Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Singing in the BrainEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Ethology - June 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Egg‐Laying Butterflies Distinguish Predaceous Ants by SightEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 1, Page 134-140, July 2009.
Abstract: Information about predation risks is critical for herbivorous insects, and natural selection favors their ability to detect predators before oviposition and to select enemy‐free foliage when offspring mortality risk is high. Food plants are selected by ovipositing butterflies, and offspring survival frequently varies among plants because of variation in the presence of predators. Eunica bechina butterflies oviposit on Caryocar brasiliense, an ant‐defended plant. Experiments with dried Camponotus and Cephalotes ants pinned to leaves r...
Source: The American Naturalist - June 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Natural History Note Source Type: journals
Endemism Predicts Intrinsic Vulnerability to Nonindigenous Species on IslandsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 1, Page 94-101, July 2009.
Abstract: While numerous efforts have been made to identify and quantify factors controlling invasibility of biological communities, less attention has been given to analyzing the expressions of vulnerability to nonindigenous species (NIS). Using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List database for birds, mammals, and amphibians and the Invasive Species Specialist Group global invasive species database as sources of information, we developed a new indicator for the relative intrinsic vulnerability of is...
Source: The American Naturalist - June 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Optimal Foraging for Multiple Resources in Several Food SpeciesEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 1, Page 102-110, July 2009.
Abstract: The concentrations of resources in forage are not perfectly balanced to the needs of an animal, and food species differ in these concentrations. Under many circumstances, animals should thus forage on multiple food species to attain the maximum and most balanced intake of several resources. In this article we present a model to extend optimal foraging theory to incorporate concurrent foraging for multiple resources from several food species. A balancing of resources is achieved by representing the amount of a resource as the time during ...
Source: The American Naturalist - June 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
AnnouncementEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 1, Page ii, July 2009.
Source: The American Naturalist - June 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Transition from Connected to Fragmented Vegetation across an Environmental Gradient: Scaling Laws in Ecotone GeometryEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 1, Page E23-E39, July 2009.
Abstract: A change in the environmental conditions across space—for example, altitude or latitude—can cause significant changes in the density of a vegetation type and, consequently, in spatial connectivity. We use spatially explicit simulations to study the transition from connected to fragmented vegetation. A static (gradient percolation) model is compared to dynamic (gradient contact process) models. Connectivity is characterized from the perspective of various species that use this vegetation type for habitat and differ in dispersal or mig...
Source: The American Naturalist - June 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article ‐Article Source Type: journals
Association of orthodenticle with natural variation for early embryonic patterning in Drosophila melanogaster.Email this article to a colleague.
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Although it is well established that cis-acting regulatory variation contributes to morphological evolution between species, few concrete examples of polymorphism affecting developmental patterning within species have been demonstrated. Early embryogenesis in Drosophila is initiated by a gradient of Bicoid morphogen activity that results in differential expression of multiple target genes. In a screen for genetic variation affecting this process, we surveyed 96 wild-type lines of Drosophila melanogaster for polymorphisms in binding sites within 16 Bicoid cis-regulatory response elements. One common polymorphism in the ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Goering LM, Hunt PK, Heighington C, Busick C, Pennings P, Hermisson J, Kumar S, Gibson G Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Forkhead transcription factor foxe1 regulates chondrogenesis in zebrafish.Email this article to a colleague.
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Forkhead transcription factor (Fox) e1 is a causative gene for Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome, which is characterized by hypothyroidism and cleft palate. Applying degenerate polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the conserved forkhead domain, we identified zebrafish foxe1 (foxe1). Foxe1 is expressed in the thyroid, pharynx, and pharyngeal skeleton during development; strongly expressed in the gill and weakly expressed in the brain, eye, and heart in adult zebrafish. A loss of function of foxe1 by morpholino antisense oligo (MO) exhibited abnormal craniofacial development, shortening of Meckel's cartilage and ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - June 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Nakada C, Iida A, Tabata Y, Watanabe S Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
A new species of philautus (amphibia, anura, rhacophoridae) from the lowland of sarawak, Western borneo.Email this article to a colleague.
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A new species in the rhacophorid genus Philautus is described on the basis of five male specimens collected from the Matang Range, a herpetologically well-surveyed area of the lowland of Sarawak, western Borneo. The species possesses a cutaneus pectoris muscle but lacks vomerlne teeth, and is assigned to the aurifasciatus group of Philautus. It is superficially similar to some other species of the same group, but can be differentiated from them by a combination of several morphological characters, including lack of a nuptial pad and lingual papilla, and more significantly, by a distinct advertisement call. This discove...
Source: Zoological Science - May 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Matsui M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Identification, Characterization, and Expression of the Genes TektinA1 and Axonemal Protein 66.0 in the Tropical Abalone Haliotis asinina.Email this article to a colleague.
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The genes Tektin A1 and axonemal protein 66.0 were successfully Isolated and characterized in the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina. The full-length cDNAs of Ha-TekA1 and Ha-Axp66.0 were 2166 and 2038 bp long, with ORFs of 1350 and 1683 bp, respectively. Both Ha-TekA1 and Ha-Axp66.0 were expressed in the testes but not in the ovaries or hemocytes of H. asinina adults. In addition, HaAxp66.0 was not expressed in H. asinina Juveniles (2, 3, and 5 months old). A tissue expression analysis showed Ha-Axp66.0 to be expressed specifically in the testes, whereas Ha-TekA1 was expressed abundantly in the testes but weakly in the...
Source: Zoological Science - May 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Klinbunga S, Amparyup P, Khamnamtong B, Hirono I, Aoki T, Jarayabhand P Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Gray Mullet (Mugil cephalus) in the Coastal Waters of Taiwan.Email this article to a colleague.
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From mid-December to late January, schools of mature gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) migrate southward along the coastal waters of China to Taiwan for spawning. It has been proposed that there is no genetic differentiation of gray mullet in the coastal waters of Taiwan. To test this hypothesis, complete cytochrome b (cyt b) DNA sequences of 98 Individuals of gray mullet, two Individuals of Liza macrolepis, and three individuals of L. affinis were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed with the Bayesian, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and neighbor-Joining methods all ...
Source: Zoological Science - May 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Ke HM, Lin WW, Kao HW Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
