Zoology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 2.
Relative Abundance of Xiphophorus Fishes and Its Effect on Sexual Communication
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As major river drainages separated and stream capture occurred, some populations of Xiphophorus fishes became geographically isolated from one another, while others came into contact with new Xiphophorus species. Sexual communication and mechanisms of reproductive isolation were likely influenced by the variation in community structure each population experienced. One swordtail species, Xiphophorus birchmanni, occurs both in streams where other Xiphophorus species are rare, or more typically with large populations of congeners. Using the X. birchmanni system, we tested the theory that species recognition should be favored ...
Source: Ethology - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Heidi S. Fisher, Gil G. Rosenthal Source Type: journals
Early metaphase II oocytes treated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate provide suitable recipient cytoplasm for the production of miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer embryosEmail this article to a colleague.
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We investigated the effects of in vitro maturation duration and treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) on the blind enucleation efficiency and developmental competence of miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Oocytes were cultured for 22 h in NCSU-23 medium with or without 1 mM dbcAMP and then additionally cultured in dbcAMP-free NCSU-23 for 14, 18, or 22 h. Regardless of dbcAMP treatment, the rate of nuclear maturation reached a plateau at 36 and 40 h. However, mitochondrial distribution, a marker for cytoplasmic maturation, differed between the dbcAMP-untreated oocytes at 3...
Source: Animal Science Journal - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Satoshi SUGIMURA, Ken-ichi YAMANAKA, Manabu KAWAHARA, Takuya WAKAI, Masaki YOKOO, Eimei SATO Source Type: journals
The T allele at the g.1471620G>T in the EDG1 gene associated with high marbling in Japanese Black cattle is at a low frequency in breeds not selected for marblingEmail this article to a colleague.
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Our previous study detected a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), g.1471620G>T, in the 5' flanking region of the endothelial differentiation sphingolipid G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (EDG1) gene, which has been considered as a positional functional candidate for the gene responsible for marbling, and showed association of the g.1471620G>T SNP with marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle. In the present study, we investigated the allele frequency distribution of the g.1471620G>T SNP among the 5 cattle breeds, Japanese Black, Japanese Brown, Japanese Short Horn, Holstein, and Brown Swiss breeds. The T allele at the g.147162...
Source: Animal Science Journal - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Naoto WATANABE, Takahisa YAMADA, Sachiyo YOSHIOKA, Masayuki ITOH, Youichi SATOH, Masako FURUTA, Shigeki KOMATSU, Yoshihiko SUMIO, Tatsuo FUJITA, Yoshiyuki SASAKI Source Type: journals
Regional specialization of the Ganglion cell density in the retina of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus)Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, retinal whole-mount specimens were prepared and stained with 0.1% cresyl violet for the ganglion cell study in the Ostrich (Struthio camelus). The total number, distribution, and size of these cells were determined in different retinal regions. The mean total number of ganglion cells (three retinas) was 1 435 052 with an average density of 652 cells/mm2. The temporo [ndash] nasal area of the retina with high cell density were identified with the peak of 7525 cells/mm2 in the central area. The size of most ganglion cells ranged from 113[ndash]403 µm2, with smaller cells predominating along the temporo-nasal ...
Source: Animal Science Journal - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Mohammad L. RAHMAN, Kengo KURODA, Masato AOYAMA, Shoei SUGITA Source Type: journals
Effects of high potassium chloride supplementation on water intake, urine volume and nitrogen balance in miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Sixteen ICR male mice were assigned to a control diet group or a KCl diet group in metabolic cages to clarify the effects of KCl supplementation on water intake, urine volume and N balance, and 5% of KCl was supplemented in KCl diets for 4 or 8 weeks. Bodyweight of KCl supplemented mice was significantly higher than that of control mice from 24 to 28 days after treatment. Feed intake, water intake and urine volume of KCl supplemented mice were significantly higher than those of control mice, and the increased water intake and urine volume in KCl supplemented mice were 4.49 and 4.15 g, respectively. Urinary N, K and Cl excr...
Source: Animal Science Journal - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Iori MURAI, Miki SUGIMOTO, Shuntaro IKEDA, Shin-ichi KUME Source Type: journals
Interaction between myostatin and extracellular matrix componentsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Myostatin, a member of the TGF-[beta] superfamily, is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. We have recently demonstrated that decorin binds to myostatin in vitro, and that immobilized decorin within the collagen matrix prevents myostatin-mediated inhibition of myoblast proliferation. However, little is known about other ECM molecules that bind to myostatin and modulate its activity. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the interaction of several other ECM molecules with myostatin. We here show that fibromodulin, fibronectin and laminin bind to myostatin in the presence of Zn2+ with a dissociation constant (...
Source: Animal Science Journal - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Takayuki MIURA, Yasuhiro KISHIOKA, Jun-ichi WAKAMATSU, Akihito HATTORI, Takanori NISHIMURA Source Type: journals
The role of intramuscular connective tissue in meat textureEmail this article to a colleague.
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The structure, composition and amount of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) vary tremendously between muscles, species and breeds, and certainly contribute to meat texture. With animal growth, collagen crosslinks become more stable, and the structural integrity of IMCT increases. These changes increase the mechanical properties of IMCT, contributing to the toughening of meat. Intramuscular fat deposits, mainly in the perimysium between muscle fiber bundles, result in marbling. This causes the remodeling of IMCT structures and reduces the mechanical strength of IMCT, contributing to the tenderization of beef. The IMCT h...
Source: Animal Science Journal - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Takanori NISHIMURA Source Type: journals
The influence of fig proteases on the inhibition of angiotensin I-converting and GABA formation in meatEmail this article to a colleague.
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The purposes of this research were to use fig protease for texture tenderizing, and to inhibit angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) action and [gamma]-aminobutyric acid (GABA) formation of meat. Liberated peptides by the enzymatic action of fig protease in processing meat and free amino acids were determined and ACE inhibitory activity was assayed. Meat treated with fig protease became tender as indicated by shear force value (SFV) which was half of those of non-fig treated meat during storage even at 5°C. Liberated peptides, free amino acids and GABA increased while extremely low levels of Glu were detected after storag...
Source: Animal Science Journal - November 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jinyue LI, Masatoshi IZUMIMOTO, Makiko YONEHARA, Seiya HIROTSU, Takayoshi KURIKI, Ichiro NAITO, Hidenori YAMADA Source Type: journals
AnnouncementEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 6, Page iii, December 2009.
Source: The American Naturalist - November 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Treasurer's Report, 2008, American Society of NaturalistsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 6, Page 936, December 2009.
Source: The American Naturalist - November 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Secretary’s Report, 2009, American Society of NaturalistsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 174, Issue 6, Page 932-935, December 2009.
Source: The American Naturalist - November 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Myxobolus notropis from emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque, in Lake SuperiorEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - November 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: D Horner, S D Atkinson, D M Pratt, S Marcquenski, J L Bartholomew Source Type: journals
Age Affects Over-Marking of Opposite-Sex Scent Marks in Meadow Voles, Microtus pennsylvanicusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Models of age-related effects on behavior predict that among short-lived species younger adults are more attractive and attracted to opposite-sex conspecifics than are older adults, whereas the converse is predicted for long-lived species. Although most studies of age-related effects on behavior support these predictions, they are not supported by many studies of scent marking, a behavior used in mate attraction. Over-marking, a form of scent marking, is a tactic used by many terrestrial mammals to convey information about themselves to opposite-sex conspecifics. The present study tested the hypothesis that the age of mead...
Source: Ethology - November 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Michael H. Ferkin Source Type: journals
Socio-Spatial Relationships in Dairy CowsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Farm animals may serve as models for evaluating social networks in a controlled environment. We used an automated system to track, at fine temporal and spatial resolution (once per minute, ±50 cm) every individual in six herds of dairy cows (Bos taurus). We then analysed the data using social network analyses. Relationships were based on non-random attachment and avoidance relationships in respect to synchronous use and distances observed in three different functional areas (activity, feeding and lying). We found that neither synchrony nor distance between cows was strongly predictable among the three functional areas. Th...
Source: Ethology - November 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Lorenz Gygax, Gesa Neisen, Beat Wechsler Source Type: journals
Mate Choice for Genetic Benefits: Time to Put the Pieces TogetherEmail this article to a colleague.
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It is thought that mate choice allows individuals to obtain genetic benefits for their offspring, and although many studies have found some support for this hypothesis, several critical questions remain unresolved. One main problem is that empirical studies on mate choice and genetic benefits have been rather piecemeal. Some studies (1) aimed to test how mate choice affects offspring fitness, but have not examined whether the benefits are because of genetic effects. Other studies tested whether mate choice provides (2) additive or (3) non-additive genetic benefits and only a few studies (4) considered these genetic effects...
Source: Ethology - November 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Attila Hettyey, Gergely Hegyi, Mikael Puurtinen, Herbert Hoi, János Török, Dustin J. Penn Source Type: journals
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Ovary-Specific Transcript 1 (Pm-OST1) of the Giant Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, a transcript that significantly matched the polehole precursor was further characterized by RACE-PCR. The sequence obtained was 5151 bp in length and contained a coding region of 5031 bp corresponding to 1677 amino acids. This transcript was only expressed in ovaries but not in testes of Juveniles (N=10) and broodstock (N=22) of P. monodon. A tissue distribution analysis further confirmed ovary-specific expression of this transcript (called P. monodon ovary-specific transcript 1, Pm-OST1) in female broodstock. Expression levels of Pm-OST 1 in ovaries of juvenile P. monodon upon 5-HT Injection (33.9+/-6.40 g;...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Klinbunga S, Sittikankaew K, Yuvanatemiya V, Preechaphol R, Prasertlux S, Yamano K, Menasveta P Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
New Records of the Nereidid Polychaete Leonnates persicus from Japan, Korea, and Thailand, with a Redescription of the Holotype.Email this article to a colleague.
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We describe some Important new characteristics of the holotype, which had not been appropriately described in previous literature.
PMID: 19877841 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sato M, Kubo A Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Karyotypes of six soricomorph species from emei shan, sichuan province, china.Email this article to a colleague.
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We report the karyotypes of six species of the order Soricomorpha (Mammalia), based on specimens collected from Emei Shan (Mount Emei) in central Sichuan Province, China: two talpid species, Uropsilus andersoni (diploid chromosome number [2n]=34, fundamental number of chromosome arms Including two X chromosomes [FN]=56) and Scaptonyx fusicaudus (2n=34, FN=64); and four soricid species, Episoriculus sacratus (2n=58, FN=108), Anourosorex squamipes (2n=48, FN=96), Sorex cylindricauda (2n=30, FN=50), and Sorex bedfordiae (2n=24/25, FN=46/48). This is the first report of the karyotypes of all species except Sc. fusicaudus and A...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Motokawa M, Wu Y, Harada M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Ovary-Specific Transcript 1 (Pm-OSTI) of the Giant Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, a transcript that significantly matched the polehole precursor was further characterized by RACE-PCR. The sequence obtained was 5151 bp in length and contained a coding region of 5031 bp corresponding to 1677 amino acids. This transcript was only expressed in ovaries but not in testes of Juveniles (N=10) and broodstock (N=22) of P. monodon. A tissue distribution analysis further confirmed ovary-specific expression of this transcript (called P. monodon ovary-specific transcript 1, Pm-OST1) in female broodstock. Expression levels of Pm-OST 1 in ovaries of juvenile P. monodon upon 5-HT Injection (33.9+/-6.40 g;...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Klinbunga S, Sittikankaew K, Yuvanatemiya V, Preechaphol R, Prasertlux S, Yamano K, Menasveta P Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Behavioral responses by migratory chum salmon to amino acids in natal stream water.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study hypothesized that amino acids found in natal stream water have a role in the ability of mature male chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) to home to the Osaru River (OR), Hokkaido, Japan. Behavioral experiments were conducted in a two-choice test tank using various combinations of control water (natural Toya Lake water; NLW and three artificial stream waters using amino acids: 1) artificial OR water (AOR); 2) AOR without L-glutamic acid, the major amino acid in OR water (AOR-E); and 3) artificial water matching another stream (ALS) that had much higher amino acid concentrations than OR. In behavioral tests, the fish d...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Yamamoto Y, Ueda H Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Song Control Nuclei in Male and Female Large-billed Crows (Corvus macrorhynchos).Email this article to a colleague.
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We show that the learned vocalizations of male and female large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) are similar and that their functions and physical features show significant differences from those of other oscine species. We investigate whether the song control nuclei of crows show any sexual differences in size, reflecting differences in their singing behavior, and whether these nuclei are different from those of other songbirds in terms of neural connectivity size and relative to the forebrain. Our Nissl staining results reveal that 1) of the four song nuclei examined (HVC; the robust nucleus of the arcopallium [RA...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Wang R, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zeng S, Xie W, Yu Y, Zhang X, Zuo M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of the Japanese Wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax Temminck, 1839) and Comparison with Representative Wolf and Domestic Dog Haplotypes.Email this article to a colleague.
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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop control region sequences ranging In length from 583 to 598 bp were determined for eight Japanese wolf specimens (Canis lupus hodophilax Temminck, 1839) collected from several sites and compared with 105 haplotypes from the domestic dog (C. lupus familiaris) and continental grey wolf (C. lupus lupus). Also, a 197-bp mtDNA sequence was amplified from archaeological wolf specimens and two continental wolf specimens (C. lupus chanco) as reference sequences for analysis. The mtDNA haplotypes from the eight Japanese wolf specimens were closely related to each other and grouped in a single lin...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Ishiguro N, Inoshima Y, Shigehara N Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Local pharmacological effects of tungstate on the color-pattern determination of butterfly wings: a possible relationship between the eyespot and parafocal element.Email this article to a colleague.
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Butterfly wing color patterns can be changed by the application of a temperature shock or pharmacological agents such as tungstate, producing a distinctive type of elemental modification called the TS (temperature shock) type. Heterochronic uncoupling between the signaling and reception steps during the color-pattern determination process has been proposed as a mechanism for TS-type changes. As an extension of this hypothesis, both the parafocal element (PFE) and the eyespot in the same wing compartment are considered to be determined by morphogenic signal(s) emitted from the same eyespot focus. However, these models n...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Dhungel B, Otaki JM Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
The Balbiani Body in the Female Germline Cells of an Earwig, Opisthocosmia silvestris.Email this article to a colleague.
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In the majority of invertebrate and vertebrate species, gametogenesls starts with the formation of cysts (clusters) of sibling germline cells. Cysts originate as the result of mitotic divisions of a specialized germline cell, the cystoblast. Since these divisions are incomplete, the cyst cells (cystocytes) remain connected by stable connections, termed intercellular bridges (ring canals). In forflculold earwigs, female germ cell cysts are composed of two cells only: the pro-oocte and pro-nurse cells. We show that in Opisthocosmia silvestris, the cystoblast, as well as both cells of the cyst, contain the Balbiani body (...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Tworzydlo W, Kloc M, Bilinski SM Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Localization and Copy Number of the Protein-Coding Genes Actin, alpha-Tubulin, and HSP90 in the Nucleus of a Primitive Dinoflagellate, Oxyrrhis marina.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study is the first to locate protein-coding genes in the nucleus of a dinoflagellate, although the chromosomes were greatly damaged during the FISH process. The copy number of each gene per cell was estimated using real time PCR. Resulting copy numbers of actin, alpha-tubulin and HSP90 were, 33.7, 10.4 and 5.4, respectively.
PMID: 19877833 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sano J, Kato KH Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Appeasing pheromone inhibits cortisol augmentation and agonistic behaviors during social stress in adult miniature pigs.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we Investigated the effects of PAP on social and Immune stress response In adult female miniature pigs. PAP or vehicle solvents were sprayed Into the pens of Individually housed adult sows. A two-week exposure to the pheromone did not alter basal salivary Cortisol levels or clrcadlan rhythms. Following this treatment, the animals were paired and placed In a new pen that was divided with a wire-mesh fence. Although salivary cortisol Increased markedly In the vehicle-treated group, the PAP-treated group exhibited a drastic Inhibition of cortisol secretion. This effect was sustained even after they were allowed...
Source: Zoological Science - November 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Yonezawa T, Koori M, Kikusui T, Mori Y Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Forming foci of transmission: the effects of resource utilization, species interaction, and parasitism on molluscan movementEmail this article to a colleague.
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T. T. Gray, J. T. Detwiler, and D. J. Minchella - Animal aggregation to environmental cues provides opportunities for parasite transmission between individual hosts of the same or different species. Better characterization of host behavioral responses...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Isometric scaling in home-range size of male and female bobcats (Lynx rufus)Email this article to a colleague.
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Adam W. Ferguson, Nathan A. Currit, and Floyd W. Weckerly - For solitary carnivores a polygynous mating system should lead to predictable patterns in space-use dynamics. Females should be most influenced by resource distribution and abundance,...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Do territorial male three-spined sticklebacks have sperm with different characteristics than nonterritorial males?Email this article to a colleague.
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J. Côté, P. U. Blier, A. Caron, and F. Dufresne - The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus L., 1758) shows unequal energetic expenditure upon reproduction as some males defend territories and build nest (territorials: TM) where...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Wnt4 is not sufficient to induce lobuloalveolar mammary developmentEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
: Taken together, we propose that Wnt4 is necessary, but not sufficient, to induce side-branch development.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - October 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Young Chul KimRod ClarkFrancisco PelegriCaroline Alexander Source Type: journals
In vitro markers for virulence in Yersinia ruckeriEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, different traits that have been associated with bacterial virulence were studied in Yersinia ruckeri. Two isolates that had been shown to cause disease and mortality in experimentally infected rainbow trout were compared with five avirulent isolates. Both virulent isolates showed high adhesion to gill and intestinal mucus of rainbow trout, whereas the majority of non-virulent strains demonstrated significantly lower adhesion. A decrease in adherence capability following bacterial treatment with sodium metaperiodate and proteolytic enzymes suggested the involvement of carbohydrates and proteins. All strains w...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - October 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: E Tobback, A Decostere, K Hermans, W Van den Broeck, F Haesebrouck, K Chiers Source Type: journals
First isolation of Tenacibaculum soleae from diseased cultured wedge sole, Dicologoglossa cuneata (Moreau), and brill, Scophthalmus rhombus (L.)Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - October 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: J R López, M Piñeiro-Vidal, N García-Lamas, R de la Herran, J I Navas, I Hachero-Cruzado, Y Santos Source Type: journals
Tunic morphology and viral surveillance in diseased Korean ascidians: soft tunic syndrome in the edible ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi (Drasche), in aquacultureEmail this article to a colleague.
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'Soft tunic syndrome' causes mass mortality in the edible ascidian Halocynthia roretzi in Korean and Japanese aquaculture. In histopathological comparison, there were no specific differences between diseased specimens from Korea and Japan, indicating that soft tunic syndrome occurring in Korea and Japan is the same disease. No bacterial or protozoan cells were microscopically detected in either healthy or diseased tunics suggesting they are not the direct causes of soft tunic syndrome. Attempts were made to isolate virus from affected ascidians taking into account temperature conditions in which soft tunic syndrome is most...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - October 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: S-I Kitamura, S-I Ohtake, J-Y Song, S-J Jung, M-J Oh, B-D Choi, K Azumi, E Hirose Source Type: journals
Koi herpesvirus: distribution and prospects for control in England and WalesEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study aimed to determine the geographic distribution and prevalence of KHV exposed fish in England and Wales through ELISA antibody testing. Only three of the 82 farms sampled produced positive results, suggesting fish farms provide a relatively safe source of fish. Of the 71 'high-risk' fisheries tested, 26 were positive. All eight geographic areas within England and Wales studied had at least one KHV positive site. Twelve consignments of imported koi carp from seven S.E. Asian countries were tested for KHV antibody. Six consignments from six different countries were positive. Although a high proportion of consignmen...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - October 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: N G H Taylor, P F Dixon, K R Jeffery, E J Peeler, K L Denham, K Way Source Type: journals
Size and spacing of grouse leks: comparing capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) in two contrasting Eurasian boreal forest landscapesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Jørund Rolstad, Per Wegge, Andrey V. Sivkov, Olav Hjeljord, and Ken Olaf Storaunet - Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L., 1758) and black grouse (Tetrao tetrix L., 1758 (= Lyrurus tetrix (L., 1758))) are two sympatric Eurasian lekking grouse species that differ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - October 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Erratum to: Do captive mandrills invent new gestures?Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19865838 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Cognition - October 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Laidre ME Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
A heritable component in sex ratio and caste determination in a Cardiocondyla antEmail this article to a colleague.
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Studies on sex ratios in social insects provide among the most compelling evidence for the importance of kin selection in social evolution. The elegant synthesis of Fisher's sex ratio principle and Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory predicts that colony-level sex ratios vary with the colonies' social and genetic structures. Numerous empirical studies in ants, bees, and wasps have corroborated these predictions. However, the evolutionary optimization of sex ratios requires genetic variation, but one fundamental determinant of sex ratios - the propensity of female larvae to develop into young queens or workers ("queen bias"...
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - October 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sabine FrohschammerJuergen Heinze Source Type: journals
The Influence of Perenniality and Seed Banks on Polymorphism in Plant‐Parasite InteractionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Antagonistic interactions, such as diseases, play an important role in natural populations. Understanding the mechanisms that promote long‐term polymorphism at loci that are involved in host‐parasite recognition is a fundamental problem in evolutionary ecology. Coevolution implies the existence of indirect frequency‐dependent selection because the fitnesses of parasite genotypes depend on the frequencies of host genes and vice versa. Polymorphism can be maintained in both organisms if there is also negative, direct, frequency‐dep...
Source: The American Naturalist - October 27, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Do Speciation Rates Drive Rates of Body Size Evolution in Mammals?Email this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Recently, it has been shown with large data sets of extinct mammals that large‐bodied lineages experienced higher speciation and extinction rates; with extant mammals, it has been shown that body size evolution is accelerated during speciation. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate whether mammalian body size evolution is faster in large‐bodied lineages. Phylogenetic analysis assuming size‐independent speciation rates suggested that the rate of body size evolution increases with body size, whereas size differences in recent s...
Source: The American Naturalist - October 27, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Vegetation, Fire, and Feedbacks: A Disturbance‐Mediated Model of SavannasEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Savanna models that are based on recurrent disturbances such as fire result in nonequilibrium savannas, but these models rarely incorporate vegetation feedbacks on fire frequency or include more than two states (grasses and trees). We develop a disturbance model that includes vegetation‐fire feedbacks, using a system of differential equations to represent three main components of savannas: grasses, fire‐tolerant savanna trees, and fire‐intolerant forest trees. We investigate the stability of savannas in the presence of positive fee...
Source: The American Naturalist - October 27, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Putting the Weary Ghost of Clements to Rest: A Brief Response to Brooker et al.’s CommentEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Source: The American Naturalist - October 27, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Don’t Diss Integration: A Comment on Ricklefs’s Disintegrating CommunitiesEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Ricklefs’s recent call to investigate ecological processes at large scales helps focus ecologists’ attention on an undoubtedly important topic. However, we believe that some of his accompanying arguments for the primacy of such work and, in particular, for the need to “disintegrate” the local community concept are flawed. We revisit Ricklefs’s main tenets and demonstrate that research on local communities is a vital part of understanding processes and diversity across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The integration of r...
Source: The American Naturalist - October 27, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Trade-off between morphological convergence and opportunistic diet behavior in fish hybrid zoneEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
The Durance River is an untamed Mediterranean river despite the presence of numerous dams that split the river from upstream to downstream. The sympatric effect on morphology and the large diet behavior range can be explained by a tendency toward an opportunistic behavior of the sympatric specimens. Indeed, the similar response of the two species and their hybrids implied an adaptation that could be defined as an alternative trade-off that underline the importance of epigenetics mechanisms for potential success in a novel environment.
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - October 27, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Emmanuel CorseCaroline CostedoatNicolas PechRemi ChappazJonathan GreyAndre Gilles Source Type: journals
Transcriptome analysis of the venom glands of the Chinese wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis.Email this article to a colleague.
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The wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis is a hunting spider with a widespread distribution in northwest China. The venom gland of spiders, which is a very specialized secretory tissue, can secrete abundant and complex toxin components. To extensively examine the transcripts expressed in the venom glands of L. singoriensis, we generated 833 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a directional cDNA library. Toxin-like sequences account for 69.1% of these ESTs, 17.3% are similar to cellular transcripts and 13.6% have no significant similarity to any known sequences. Here, we identified 223 novel toxin-like sequences, which can b...
Source: Zoology - October 27, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Zhang Y, Chen J, Tang X, Wang F, Jiang L, Xiong X, Wang M, Rong M, Liu Z, Liang S Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
Functional Morphology of the Gill in Amazonian Freshwater Stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae): Implications for Adaptation to FreshwaterEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract The gill morphologies of six species of potamotrygonid freshwater stingrays from the Amazon basin were investigated using light and electron microscopy. Some unique features were found in the potamotrygonid gill: (1) fingerlike protuberances on the gill filament, (2) an Alcian blue/periodic acid–Schiff–positive histochemical reaction for several cell layers in the gill epithelium (except the basal ones), (3) pavement cells with numerous subapical mucous vesicles, (4) very large mucous cells, and (5) follicular Na+/K+‐A...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - October 26, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Island Species Richness Increases with Habitat DiversityEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Species richness is commonly thought to increase with habitat diversity. However, a recent theoretical model aiming to unify niche and island biogeography theories predicted a hump‐shaped relationship between richness and habitat diversity. Given the contradiction between model results and previous knowledge, we examine whether the relationship between species richness and habitat diversity is consistently monotonically increasing and under which circumstances, if at all, such relationships could be hump shaped. We review the empirical...
Source: The American Naturalist - October 26, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article ‐Article Source Type: journals
No evidence of expression of two classes of natural antibiotics (cathelicidins and defensins) in a sample of platypus milkEmail this article to a colleague.
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Camilla M. Whittington, Julie A. Sharp, Anthony Papenfuss, Katherine Belov - Volume 57(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - October 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
A review of mucormycosis in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)Email this article to a colleague.
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Joanne H. Connolly - Volume 57(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - October 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Activity and behaviour of lactating echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus) from hatching of egg to weaning of youngEmail this article to a colleague.
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Peggy D. Rismiller, Michael W. McKelvey - Volume 57(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - October 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Monotreme chromosomes: an introductory reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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Carolyn E. Murtagh, G. B. Sharman - Volume 57(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - October 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
