Zoology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 21.
Molecular phylogeny of Wolbachia strains in arthropod hosts based on groE-homologous gene sequences.
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This study includes the first survey for Wolbachia in isopods from a Southeast Asian country, i.e., Thailand. Two isopod species from different parts of Thailand were found to be infected by Wolbachia. Their groE sequences were also included in the phylogenetic analysis. Our results showed clearly that 19 strains from tropical insects, 11 strains from French isopods, and two strains from Thai isopods were in the B supergroup, and 15 strains from tropical insects were in the A supergroup. This is the first report of phylogenetic analysis of a large data set comprising Wolbachia groE sequences from both insects and isopod cr...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Wiwatanaratanabutr I, Kittayapong P, Caubet Y, Bouchon D Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Effect of hyperosmotic stress on the gene expression and activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the preoptic-hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the euryhaline fish Oreochromis mossambicus.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined the effects of hyperosmotic stress on the gene expression and activity of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the preoptic/hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the euryhaline tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) by means of semiquantitative RT-PCR and NADPHd histochemistry. Expression of nos1 was rapidly and transiently up-regulated in the preoptic region and hypothalamus in response to a salinity change (70% seawater, SW). Expression levels increased 4 h after the salinity change and then returned to basal levels within 8 h of the hyperosmotic challenge. NADPHd histochemistry revealed tha...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Cioni C, Bordieri L, Miele R, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Quantitative study of apoptotic cells in the goldfish retina.Email this article to a colleague.
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In the vertebrate retina, it has been shown that a large number of neurons produced at the onset of neurogenesis die early in development. Since this apoptotic cell death occurs in a short, limited time, little is known in detail on its histocytology. Using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, we investigated the apoptotic cells in the adult goldfish retina in which the progenitor cell keeps proliferating. Most of the TUNEL-positive nuclei were found in the marginal retina, about 40-200 microm from the circular blood vessel (CBV) running parallel to the retinal rim. ...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Mizuno TA, Ohtsuka T Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Fine structure of the dorsal surface of ostrich's (Struthio camelus) tongue.Email this article to a colleague.
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The tongue of birds fills the oral cavity and has a beak-like shape. Morphological studies of birds reveal a correlation between the structure of the tongue and the mechanism of food intake and the type of food. However, several studies have shown morphological differences among the tongues of bird species. The aim of this study was to analyze ostrich tongue morphology and ultrastructural features using scanning electron microscopy. Tongues from 12 adult ostriches were examined. Six tongues were sectioned sagittally into lateral and middle portions, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution, and examined under light microscop...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Guimarães JP, Mari Rde B, Carvalho HS, Watanabe IS Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Genetic detection of sex-biased and age-biased dispersal in a population of wild carnivore, the red fox, Vulpes vulpes.Email this article to a colleague.
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Field studies conducted on rural red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations suggest that the majority of males tend to disperse while the majority of females tend to be philopatric, that males disperse farther than females, and that most of the foxes disperse during their first year of life. However, the quantification of dispersal parameters is poorly documented in the red fox, because this carnivore is notoriously difficult to follow from birth to maturity. The aim of this study was to test hypotheses from field data with the help of a molecular analysis using six random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The study w...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Gachot-Neveu H, Lefevre P, Roeder JJ, Henry C, Poulle ML Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Genotoxic assessment of small mammals at an illegal dumpsite at the Aomori-Iwate prefectural boundary.Email this article to a colleague.
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In 2003, we examined the chromosomes of grass voles at an illegal dumpsite at the Aomori-lwate prefectural boundary. In subsequent years, from 2003-2006, we surveyed the chromosomes of four species of small mammals, namely, the Japanese grass vole (Microtus montebelli), the large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), the small Japanese field mouse (A. argenteus), and the greater Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides). Each annual survey revealed, both on a yearly basis and during the entire period in question, that the frequencies of breaks and gaps in chromosomes of M. montebelli were significantly higher at ...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Obara Y, Kyoya T, Yamamoto D, Ito S, Hagiwara S, Tamura K Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Estradiol, progesterone, and transforming growth factor alpha regulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) expression in mouse endometrial cells.Email this article to a colleague.
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is involved in the proliferation of mouse and rat endometrial cells in a paracrine or autocrine manner. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) modulates actions of IGFs directly or indirectly. The present study aimed to determine whether IGFBP3 is involved in the regulation of proliferation of mouse endometrial cells. Mouse endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells were isolated, and cultured in a serum free medium. IGF1 stimulated DNA synthesis by endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and IGFBP3 inhibited IGF1-induced DNA synthesis. Estradiol-17beta (E2) decr...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Maekawa T, Takeuchi S, Kanayama M, Takahashi S Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Effects of androgens on the development of nuptial coloration and chromatophores in the bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus.Email this article to a colleague.
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Sexually mature male bitterlings, Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus, exhibit distinct nuptial color, whereas females maintain a body color similar to that of juveniles. In the present study, body color and chromatophores were compared between male and female bitterlings, and the effects of androgens on body color and chromatophore densities were examined in females to clarify the role of androgen in the development of nuptial coloration and chromatophores. Males showed green, blue, and red color in specific regions of their skin and red color on the dorsal and caudal fins; females showed a subdued silver body color. For chro...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kobayashi M, Tajima C, Sugimoto M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Plastic responses to different types of cue: predator-induced and deep-water-induced polyphenisms in a salamander Hynobius retardatus.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, larval salamanders responded similarly to different cues (waterborne chemicals in a predatory environment and distance to the water's surface) by developing deeper tails. The similar modifications in tail shape presumably increase a larva's swimming performance, thereby improving its ability both to escape an attacking predator and to swim to the surface for air. The response in tail shape induced by the predatory environment was rapid, but was more gradual in larvae raised in deep water, suggesting that animals may quickly assess a dangerous environment and immediately respond, whereas assessment of an envi...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hangui J, Wakahara M, Michimae H Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Expression and syntenic analyses of four nanos genes in medaka.Email this article to a colleague.
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The gene nanos is essential for germ cell development. Although its functions and expression have been investigated in the mouse, nanos genes have yet to be well characterized in other vertebrates. Based on similarity and a syntenic analysis of nanos, we have identified four different nanos in the genome of medaka (Oryzias latipes). nanos1 is duplicated in teleost fish genomes and named nanos1a and nanos1b. Of all medaka nanos, nanos3 is well conserved in terms of expression and synteny. In contrast to a previous study on mice, nanos2 expression was not detected in the gonads at early stages of sex differentiation; how...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Aoki Y, Nakamura S, Ishikawa Y, Tanaka M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
An advanced filter-feeder hypothesis for urochordate evolution.Email this article to a colleague.
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Chordates consist of cephalochordates, urochordates, and vertebrates. They originated from a common ancestor(s) by evolving a novel type of tadpole-like larva characterized by a notochord and dorsal neural tube. Urochordata or Tunicata comprises three classes, Ascidiacea (ascidians), Thaliacea (salps), and Appendicularia (larvaceans); are extremely diverse in morphology, life history, and mode of reproduction; and may include either free-swimming or sessile adults. Recent molecular phylogenies support the notion that cephalochordates are basal among chordates, with urochordates the sister group to vertebrates. This rev...
Source: Zoological Science - February 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Satoh N Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Local rather than global processing of visual arrays in numerosity discrimination by pigeons (Columba livia).Email this article to a colleague.
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A series of experiments investigated which stimulus properties pigeons use when they discriminate pairs of visual arrays that differ in numerosity. Transfer tests with novel stimuli confirmed that the birds' choices were based on relative differences in numerosity. However, pigeons differed from other species in the non-numerical cues that affected their choices. In human and non-human primates, numerical discrimination is often influenced by continuous variables such as surface area or overall stimulus brightness. Pigeons showed little evidence of using those cues, even when summed area and brightness had been correla...
Source: Animal Cognition - January 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Emmerton J, Renner JC Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Luteal cell steroidogenesis in relation to delayed embryonic development in the Indian short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx.Email this article to a colleague.
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The primary aim of this study was to determine the possible cause of slow or delayed embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx by investigating morphological and steroidogenic changes in the corpus luteum (CL) and circulating hormone concentrations during two pregnancies of a year. This species showed delayed post-implantational embryonic development during gastrulation of the first pregnancy. Morphological features of the CL showed normal luteinization during both pregnancies. The CL did not change significantly in luteal cell size during the delay period of the first pregnancy as compared with the second pregnancy. ...
Source: Zoology - January 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Meenakumari KJ, Banerjee A, Krishna A Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
Seasonality, abundance and breeding biology of one of the largest populations of nesting flatback turtles, Natator depressus: Cape Domett, Western AustraliaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Andrea U. Whiting, Allan Thomson, Milani Chaloupka, Colin J. Limpus - Volume 56(5)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - January 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Old concepts, current knowledge, new challenges.Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19177465 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Mitsiadis TA Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Does inequity aversion depend on a frustration effect? A test with capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).Email this article to a colleague.
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Brosnan and de Waal (Nature 425:297-299, 2003) reported that if a witness monkey saw a model monkey receive a high-value food, the witness was more inclined to reject a previously acceptable, but low-value food. Later work demonstrated that this alleged inequity aversion might be due to frustration induced by switching subjects from their role as models receiving a high-value food to the role of witnesses receiving a low-value food. In the present study, pairs of female capuchins exchanged a token for either a high- or a low-value food without switching their model-witness roles. Witnesses could exchange a token for a ...
Source: Animal Cognition - January 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Silberberg A, Crescimbene L, Addessi E, Anderson JR, Visalberghi E Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Contribution of the tooth bud mesenchyme to alveolar bone.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study highlights the dynamic nature of the mesenchymal cells during tooth development from the bud to the bell stage. Condensing mesenchymal cells, labelled on either side of the developing tooth bud, move toward the presumptive roots forming an arc of cells under the dental papilla. These labelled cells take part in formation of the dental follicle, which contributes to both the tooth and its surrounding periodontium, including the supporting alveolar bone. This study, thus, physically links development of the tooth with the tissue into which it develops. The results obtained clearly indicate that the tooth organ is ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Diep L, Matalova E, Mitsiadis TA, Tucker AS Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Dental lamina as source of odontogenic stem cells: evolutionary origins and developmental control of tooth generation in gnathostomes.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study considers stem cells for odontogenic capability in biological tooth renewal in the broad context of gnathostome dentitions and the derivation of them from oral epithelium. The location of the developmental site and cell dynamics of the dental lamina are parameters of a possible source for odontogenic epithelial stem cells, but the phylogenetic history is not known. Understanding the phylogenetic basis for stem cell origins throughout continuous tooth renewal in basal jawed vertebrates is the ultimate objective of this study. The key to understanding the origin and location of stem cells in the development of the...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Smith MM, Fraser GJ, Mitsiadis TA Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
The importance of signal pathway modulation in all aspects of tooth development.Email this article to a colleague.
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Most characteristics of tooth shape and pattern can be altered by modulating the signal pathways mediating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in developing teeth. These regulatory signals function in complex networks, characterized by an abundance of activators or inhibitors. In addition, multiple specific inhibitors of all conserved signal pathways have been identified as modulators in tooth development. The number of teeth as well as molar cusp patterns can be modified by tinkering with several different signal pathways. The inhibition of any of the major conserved signal pathways in knockout mice leads to arrested ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Tummers M, Thesleff I Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Competition between multiple causes of a single outcome in causal reasoning.Email this article to a colleague.
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A strong positive predictor of an outcome modulates the causal judgments of a moderate predictor. To study the empirical basis of this modulation, we compared treatments with one and with two strong competing (i.e., modulating) causes. This allowed us to vary the frequency of outcome occurrences or effects paired with the predictors. We investigated causal competition between positive predictors (those signaling the occurrence of the outcome), between negative predictors (those signaling the absence of the outcome) and between predictors of opposite polarity (positive and negative). The results are consistent with a contra...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Darredeau, Christine; Baetu, Irina; Baker, Andrew G.; Murphy, Robin A. Source Type: journals
Human risky choice: Delay sensitivity depends on reinforcer type.Email this article to a colleague.
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The present study was designed to help bridge the methodological gap between human and nonhuman animal research in delay-based risky choice. In Part 1, 4 adult human subjects made repeated choices between variable-time and fixed-time schedules of 30-s video clips. Both alternatives had equal mean delays of 15 s, 30 s, or 60 s. Three of 4 subjects strongly preferred the variable-delay alternative across all conditions. In Part 2, these 3 subjects were then provided pairwise choices between 2 variable-time schedules with different delay distributions. Subjects generally preferred the variable-delay distributions with a highe...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Locey, Matthew L.; Pietras, Cynthia J.; Hackenberg, Timothy D. Source Type: journals
Chimpanzees solve the trap problem when the confound of tool-use is removed.Email this article to a colleague.
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The trap-tube problem is difficult for chimpanzees to solve; in several studies only 1 to 2 subjects learn the solution. The authors tested eight chimpanzees on a non-tool-using version of the problem to investigate whether the inclusion of a tool in previous tests of the trap problem may have masked the ability of chimpanzees to solve it. All eight learned to avoid the trap, in 40 to 100 trials. One transferred to two tasks that had no visual cue in common. The authors examined the performance of 15 chimpanzees on a new task in a 2 × 2 design: seven had experience on the two-trap box, eight had not; half of each group wa...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Seed, Amanda M.; Call, Josep; Emery, Nathan J.; Clayton, Nicola S. Source Type: journals
Progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement.Email this article to a colleague.
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Pigeons' pecks produced grain under progressive ratio (PR) schedules, whose response requirements increased systematically within sessions. Experiment 1 compared arithmetic (AP) and geometric (GP) progressions. Response rates increased as a function of the component ratio requirement, then decreased linearly (AP) or asymptotically (GP). Experiment 2 found the linear decrease in AP rates to be relatively independent of step size. Experiment 3 showed pausing to be controlled by the prior component length, which predicted the differences between PR and regressive ratio schedules found in Experiment 4. When the longest compone...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Killeen, Peter R.; Posadas-Sanchez, Diana; Johansen, Espen Borgå; Thrailkill, Eric A. Source Type: journals
A comparison of empirical and theoretical explanations of temporal discrimination.Email this article to a colleague.
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The empirical goals were to describe the behavior of rats trained on multiple temporal discriminations and to use these descriptions to predict behavior observed under new training conditions. The theoretical goals were to fit a quantitative theory to behavior from one training condition, estimate parameters for the intervening perception, memory, and decision processes, and use these parameters to predict behavior observed under new conditions. Twenty-four rats were trained on a multiple-peak-interval procedure with two stimuli that were presented individually (Stimulus A and B), or in compound (Compound AB); either diffe...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Guilhardi, Paulo Source Type: journals
Differential outcomes enhance accuracy of delayed matching to sample but not resistance to change.Email this article to a colleague.
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Three experiments assessed the relation between the differential outcomes effect and resistance to change of delayed matching-to-sample performance. Pigeons produced delayed matching-to-sample trials by responding on variable interval schedules in two components of a multiple schedule. In the same-outcome component, the probability of reinforcement was the same for both samples (.9 in Experiments 1 and 2, .5 in Experiment 3); in the different-outcomes component, the probability of reinforcement was .9 for one sample and .1 for the other. In all three experiments, the forgetting functions in the different-outcomes component...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Nevin, John A.; Ward, Ryan D.; Jimenez-Gomez, Corina; Odum, Amy L.; Shahan, Timothy A. Source Type: journals
Integration of geometric with luminance information in the rat: Evidence from within-compound associations.Email this article to a colleague.
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In two experiments, rats first received preexposure to a rectangular arena in which the geometrically equivalent corner pairs (G1 and G2) were coincident with different luminance characteristics (C1 and C2, respectively). In Experiment 1, rats were then placed in a uniform gray rectangular arena where food was located in one geometrically equivalent pair of corners (G1), but not another (G2). Finally, rats were tested in a square arena with C1 and C2 and preferred to search in C1 rather than C2. In Experiment 2, following preexposure to G1C1 and G2C2, rats received pairings of C1 with food and C2 with no food in a square a...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Rhodes, S. E. V.; Creighton, G.; Killcross, A. S.; Good, M.; Honey, R. C. Source Type: journals
Between-cue associations influence searching for a hidden goal in an environment with a distinctive shape.Email this article to a colleague.
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In Experiment 1 rats had to escape from a kite-shaped pool by swimming to a submerged escape platform in a right-angled corner. The two walls creating this corner were white and the two walls creating the opposite, incorrect, right-angled corner were black. The rats were then trained in a square pool with two white walls forming one corner and two black walls forming the opposite corner. The platform was in the white corner for a consistent group and the black corner for an inconsistent group. A test in an entirely white kite revealed a stronger preference for the correct than the incorrect corner in the consistent but not...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Horne, Murray R.; Pearce, John M. Source Type: journals
Generalized auditory same-different discrimination by pigeons.Email this article to a colleague.
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Three pigeons were trained in a successive same/different (S/D) procedure using compound auditory stimuli (pitch/timbre combinations). Using a go/no-go procedure, pigeons successfully learned to discriminate between sequences of either all same (AAAA...or BBBB...) or all different (ABCD...) sequences consisting of 12 sounds. Both pitch and timbre were subsequently established as controlling dimensions. Transfer tests with novel stimuli revealed a generalized basis for the discrimination (novel pitch/timbre combinations, novel pitches, novel instruments, and complex natural & man-made sounds). These results indicate for the...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Cook, Robert G.; Brooks, Daniel I. Source Type: journals
Implicit chaining in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus).Email this article to a colleague.
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In implicit learning, human subjects are exposed to patterned information, but they are not informed about the pattern. Typically, they demonstrate learning of that pattern, but little awareness of the experimental contingencies. In a nonhuman analog of this procedure, two cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) were presented with a five-element chain that consisted of the same icon presented serially at different locations on a touchscreen. The tamarins had to touch the icon at each location to advance the chain and receive reinforcement at the end of the chain. One element of the chain was never differentially reinforced...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Locurto, Charles; Gagne, Matthew; Levesque, Kathryn Source Type: journals
Evidence for a hierarchical structure underlying avoidance behavior.Email this article to a colleague.
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In studies on avoidance learning, a warning signal is followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus unless the participant performs a designated response. The authors examined whether avoidance behavior can be based on hierarchical knowledge, that is, knowledge about the conditions under which certain relations hold. In the present study, a single avoidance response had different effects depending on the nature of the warning signal. Results showed that participants acquired this hierarchical knowledge and used it to avoid negative outcomes. The results are in line with an occasion setting account of avoidance learning an...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Declercq, Mieke; De Houwer, Jan Source Type: journals
"Solving XOR": Correction to Grand and Honey (2008).Email this article to a colleague.
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Reports an error in "Solving XOR" by C. Grand and R. C. Honey (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2008[Oct], Vol 34[4], 486-493). Figure 2 in the article was printed incorrectly due to an editing error. The correct version of Figure 2 is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2008-14849-005.) Three experiments examined the way in which exclusive-or (XOR) problems are solved by rats. All rats first received food-rewarded positive and negative patterning problems with two stimulus sets: either A+, B+, AB- and C-, D-, CD+, or A-, B-, AB + and C+,...
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes - January 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Grand, C.; Honey, R. C. Source Type: journals
Long-term memory for categories and concepts in horses (Equus caballus).Email this article to a colleague.
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Three horses (Equus caballus) with a history of performing cognitive tasks including discrimination learning, categorization, and concept use were tested to evaluate their long-term memory (LTM) in three experiments. In addition, use of LCD multi-displays for stimulus presentation was incorporated into cognition testing protocol for the first time with horses. Experiment 1 tested LTM for discrimination learning that originally occurred 6 years earlier. Five sets of stimuli were used and the two horses tested showed no decrement in performance on four of the sets; however, both horses did score below chance on one set. ...
Source: Animal Cognition - January 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hanggi EB, Ingersoll JF Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Navigating two-dimensional mazes: chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and capuchins (Cebus apella sp.) profit from experience differently.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined whether navigation is impacted by experience in two species of nonhuman primates. Five chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and seven capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) navigated a cursor, using a joystick, through two-dimensional mazes presented on a computer monitor. Subjects completed 192 mazes, each one time. Each maze contained one to five choices, and in up to three of these choices, the correct path required moving the cursor away from the Euclidean direction toward the goal. Some subjects completed these mazes in a random order (Random group); others in a fixed order by ascending number of choices and ascending n...
Source: Animal Cognition - January 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Fragaszy DM, Kennedy E, Murnane A, Menzel C, Brewer G, Johnson-Pynn J, Hopkins W Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
A simple and efficient method for extraction of PCR-amplifiable DNA from chicken eggshellsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Recently, we reported a method for discriminating a Japanese brand of chicken, the Hinai-jidori. As an application of this method for discriminating Hinai-jidori eggs, we here report an efficient method for extracting maternal DNA from eggshells. Eggshell powder was completely decalcified with EDTA solution, and then DNA was isolated by conventional phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. The efficiency of DNA recovery from eggshells was 50-fold higher than that of a previously reported method. The recovered DNA could be used for PCR, and 10 markers for identifying the Hinai-jidori chicken were detected. Th...
Source: Animal Science Journal - January 15, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kazuhiro RIKIMARU, Hideaki TAKAHASHI Source Type: journals
Corticosterone Exposure during Embryonic Development Affects Offspring Growth and Sex Ratios in Opposing Directions in Two Lizard Species with Environmental Sex DeterminationEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 82, Issue 4, Page 363-371, July/August 2009.
Abstract Stress experienced by a reproducing female can substantially affect the morphology, behavior, and physiology (and hence fitness) of her offspring. In addition, recent studies demonstrate that stress hormones (corticosterone) influence sex determination of embryos. To explore these issues, we manipulated corticosterone levels in eggs of two Australian lizard species (Amphibolurus muricatus and Bassiana duperreyi) that exhibit temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD). Elevated corticosterone levels during embryoni...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - January 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Articles Source Type: journals
Genetic polymorphism as a background of animal behaviorEmail this article to a colleague.
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Various studies have shown the associations between differences in human behavioral traits and genetic polymorphism of neurotransmitter-related proteins such as receptors, transporters and monoamine oxidase. To clarify the genetic background of animal behavior, corresponding regions in animals have been analyzed. The study has been especially focused on primates, as the evolutionally closest animal to humans, and on dogs, as the socially closest animal to humans. In primates, polymorphisms were discovered between or within species, and the functional effects on neural transmission were found to be different by alleles. Eve...
Source: Animal Science Journal - January 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA Source Type: journals
Effect of D-mannitol on feed digestion and cecotrophic system in rabbitsEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugar alcohol as an energy source for cecal microbes on digestibility, cecotrophy (i.e. reingestion of microbial products of cecum, cecotrophs) and performance in rabbits. Thus, we fed rabbits an experimental diet that included 5% of D-mannitol, and collected hard feces and cecotrophs to be analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), crude ash (CA) and dry matter (DM). Cecotrophic behavior of the rabbits was also observed. Feeding D-mannitol increased (P < 0.01) digestibility of ADF, resulting in a decrease (P < 0.05) in the concentration in ha...
Source: Animal Science Journal - January 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hamza HANIEH, Ei SAKAGUCHI Source Type: journals
A cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 stimulates the luminal immunoglobulin A secretion in juvenile calvesEmail this article to a colleague.
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The immune system in juvenile calves is immature, so calves are susceptible to several diarrheal and respiratory diseases. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is known to improve the growth performance and prevent diarrheal and respiratory diseases by stimulating the immune system in juvenile calves. Most of the immunostimulation by LAB is achieved by their cell wall components, and therefore we evaluated the immunostimulation of the cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) in juvenile calves in a clinical field. Twenty-nine 1-week old calves were used. Fourteen calves were administered ...
Source: Animal Science Journal - January 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Takeshi TSURUTA, Ryo INOUE, Takamitsu TSUKAHARA, Noritaka MATSUBARA, Masayuki HAMASAKI, Kazunari USHIDA Source Type: journals
Hemato-biochemical changes, disease incidence and live weight gain in individual versus group reared calves fed on different levels of milk and skim milkEmail this article to a colleague.
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A 2 × 3 factorial design was used to study the impact of rearing systems, individual (I) versus group (G) and different levels of milk/skim milk feeding (F1, F2 and F3) on hemato-biochemical profile, disease incidence and average daily gain of crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) calves. Six calves were taken in each group on the basis of their birth weight and housed in individual (2.20 × 1.16 m2/calf) or in group pens (2.20 × 1.03 m2/calf). After 3 days of colostrum feeding, calves were allocated to one of three different milk feeding schedules: milk fed up to 8 weeks of age (F1), milk up to 4 weeks followed by 50% r...
Source: Animal Science Journal - January 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Lakshman K. BABU, Harnarain PANDEY, Ramesh C. PATRA, Artabandhu SAHOO Source Type: journals
Formation of zinc protoporphyrin IX in Parma-like ham without nitrate or nitriteEmail this article to a colleague.
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Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP) is a characteristic red pigment in meat products that are manufactured without the addition of a curing agent such as nitrate or nitrite. To examine the effects of impurities such as mineral components in sea salt on the formation of ZPP, we manufactured Parmatype dry-cured hams that were salted with refined salt or sea salt and examined the involvement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the formation of ZPP. The content of ZPP was increased drastically after 40 weeks. Microscopic observation showed strong fluorescence caused by ZPP muscle fiber after 40 weeks. Conversely, heme content v...
Source: Animal Science Journal - January 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jun-ichi WAKAMATSU, Juichi UEMURA, Hiroko ODAGIRI, Jun OKUI, Nobutaka HAYASHI, Shoji HIOKI, Takanori NISHIMURA, Akihito HATTORI Source Type: journals
The comparative study digestion and metabolism of nitrogen and purine derivatives in male, Thai, Swamp buffalo and Thai, Brahman cattleEmail this article to a colleague.
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Studies on in vivo digestion, rates of passages, metabolism of nitrogen, urinary purine derivative excretion and blood metabolites were carried out in Thai Brahman cattle and Thai swamp buffaloes (16 months old). The animals were fed mixed diets based on pineapple (Ananas comusus) waste silage containing urea-N (NPN) and true protein from a concentrate (TP). The Brahman cattle (310 ± 15 kg) were heavier than the swamp buffaloes (195 ± 9.4 kg) and had higher dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes when compared on the basis of their metabolic body weight (BW0.75), but these intakes d...
Source: Animal Science Journal - January 14, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Thongsuk JETANA, Kringsak TASRIPOO, Cheerapath VONGPIPATANA, Suriya KITSAMRAJ, Sunpeth SOPHON Source Type: journals
The role of the dental lamina in mammalian tooth replacement.Email this article to a colleague.
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We have applied the ferret, Mustela putorius furo, as a model for tooth replacement. Ferret has a heterodont dentition, which includes all tooth families, and all antemolar teeth are replaced. Compared with mouse, the ferret therefore has a less derived mammalian dentition resembling that of humans. We have studied tooth replacement in serial histological sections in embryonic and young postnatal ferrets. Our observations indicate that the replacement teeth form from the dental lamina that is intimately connected to the lingual aspect of the deciduous tooth enamel organ. It grows as an offshoot from the enamel organ, e...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Järvinen E, Tummers M, Thesleff I Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Crown formation during tooth development and tissue engineering.Email this article to a colleague.
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Considering tooth crown engineering, three main parameters have to be taken into account: (1) the relationship between crown morphology and tooth functionality, (2) the growth of the organ, which is hardly compatible with the use of preformed scaffolds, and (3) the need for easily available nondental competent cell sources. In vitro reassociation experiments using either dental tissues or bone marrow-derived cells (BMDC) have been designed to get information about the mechanisms to be preserved in order to allow crown engineering. As the primary enamel knot (PEK) is involved in signaling crown morphogenesis, the format...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Nait Lechguer A, Kuchler-Bopp S, Lesot H Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Spermiogenic nuclear protein transitions and chromatin condensation. Proposal for an ancestral model of nuclear spermiogenesis.Email this article to a colleague.
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We have chosen three species (Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Monodonta turbinata) that represent different transition patterns in the composition and structure of spermiogenic nuclei. The transition patterns of these species are representative of spermiogenesis in a large number of animal species. We analyze: (a) nuclear protein exchange; (b) chromatin condensation pattern; and (c) histone acetylation during spermiogenic development. In the simplest spermiogenesis histones and nucleosomes remain in mature sperm. Chromatin of spermatids is organized into 20 nm granules, simultaneous with a nuclear volume reduc...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kurtz K, Saperas N, Ausió J, Chiva M Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
The KK-Periome database for transcripts of periodontal ligament development.Email this article to a colleague.
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The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a strong connective tissue that surrounds the tooth root, absorbs occlusal forces, and functions as a sense organ. PDL originated from dental follicle (DF), which possessed mesenchymal progenitors in the developing tooth germ. However, as specific marker genes for PDL and DF are currently unavailable, the molecular mechanisms of PDL development are yet to be clarified. To facilitate the identification of such genes, we have previously established a transcriptome database of the human PDL (the KK-Periome database) and screened for specific genes expressed during PDL development. Initial...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Saito M, Nishida E, Sasaki T, Yoneda T, Shimizu N Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
The effect of development and individual differences in pointing comprehension of dogs.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study we tested 180 dogs of different age (from 2 months to adults) to investigate their performance in the human distal momentary pointing gesture. The results, analyzed at both the group and the individual levels, showed no difference in the performance according to age, indicating that in dogs the comprehension of the human pointing may require only very limited and rapid early learning to fully develop. Interestingly, neither the keeping conditions nor the time spent in active interaction with the owner, and not even some special (agility) training for using human visual cues, had significant effect on the succ...
Source: Animal Cognition - January 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Gácsi M, Kara E, Belényi B, Topál J, Miklósi A Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Cross-fostering diminishes song discrimination in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata).Email this article to a colleague.
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Song-production, -discrimination, and -preferences in oscine birds are dually influenced by species identity and the ontogenetic environment. The cross-fostering of a model species for recognition research, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) into heterospecific nests of the Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata vars. domestica) allows an exploration of the sensory limits of early development and the effects of species-specific acoustic cues upon song discrimination in adulthood. To quantify the song preferences of female and male normal-reared (control) and Bengalese finch fostered zebra finches, we recorded multiple be...
Source: Animal Cognition - January 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Campbell DL, Hauber ME Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Heterochrony in limb evolution: developmental mechanisms and natural selection.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, numerous examples of limb heterochrony have been recorded. However, few cases are obviously adaptive. Indeed, current data and methodologies make it difficult to identify the developmental changes, or selective pressures, that may underlie limb heterochrony. More integrative studies, including studies of heterochrony within populations, are needed to assess the role of timing shifts in limb evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 19130597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Richardson MK, Gobes SM, van Leeuwen AC, Polman JA, Pieau C, Sánchez-Villagra MR Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
An interview with Professor Ed Kollar.Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19130545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Echanove P, Mitsiadis TA Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Deletion of BMP7 affects the development of bones, teeth, and other ectodermal appendages of the orofacial complex.Email this article to a colleague.
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Sequential and reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions govern the development of most tissues and organs of the craniofacial region. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta family of secreted signaling molecules that have long been implied to have a significant contribution in this process. However, evidence for such a role during craniofacial development is largely missing. Using a lacZ reporter mouse we mapped the spatiotemporal expression of BMP7 in the developing craniofacial region. The observed pattern suggested a potential involvement of BMP7 in epithelial-mes...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Zouvelou V, Luder HU, Mitsiadis TA, Graf D Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
