Zoology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 22.
Revitalization of a diastemal tooth primordium in Spry2 null mice results from increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis.
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An understanding of the factors that promote or inhibit tooth development is essential for designing biological tooth replacements. The embryonic mouse dentition provides an ideal system for studying such factors because it consists of two types of tooth primordia. One type of primordium will go on to form a functional tooth, whereas the other initiates development but arrests at or before the bud stage. This developmental arrest contributes to the formation of the toothless mouse diastema. It is accompanied by the apoptosis of the rudimentary diastemal buds, which presumably results from the insufficient activity of a...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - January 6, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Peterkova R, Churava S, Lesot H, Rothova M, Prochazka J, Peterka M, Klein OD Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Publisher's Note.Email this article to a colleague.
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PMID: 19111208 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - January 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Difference in Plumage Color Used in Species Recognition between Incipient Species Is Linked to a Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Melanocortin‐1 ReceptorEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Many studies demonstrate that differences in mating signals are used by incipient species in recognizing potential mates or sexual competitors (i.e., species recognition). Little is known, however, about the genetic changes responsible for these differences in mating signals. Populations of the Monarcha castaneiventris flycatcher vary in plumage color across the Solomon Islands, with a subspecies on Makira Island having chestnut bellies and blue‐black upper parts (Monarcha castaneiventris megarhynchus) and a subspecies on neighboring s...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
The Stabilizing Effect of Intraspecific Genetic Variation on Population Dynamics in Novel and Ancestral HabitatsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Recent studies show that intraspecific genetic variation in asexual species may have large effects on community and ecosystem functions, increasing their stability, productivity, and species richness. However, major questions regarding its population‐level impact remain empirically unanswered: (a) How does intraspecific genetic diversity affect the ecological characteristics of sexual species, in which recombination can alter the outcome of causal mechanisms such as selection and niche diversification? (b) Does genetic diversity increa...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Resource Ecology of Virulence in a Planktonic Host‐Parasite System: An Explanation Using Dynamic Energy BudgetsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Parasites steal resources that a host would otherwise direct toward its own growth and reproduction. We use this fundamental notion to explain resource‐dependent virulence in a fungal parasite (Metschnikowia)–zooplankton host (Daphnia) system and in a variety of other disease systems with invertebrate hosts. In an experiment, well‐fed hosts died faster and produced more parasites than did austerely fed ones. This resource‐dependent variation in virulence and other experimental results (involving growth and reproduction rate/timin...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Abundance and the Environmental Niche: Environmental Suitability Estimated from Niche Models Predicts the Upper Limit of Local AbundanceEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Ecologists seek to understand patterns of distribution and abundance of species. Studies of distribution often use occurrence data to build models of the environmental niche of a species. Environmental suitability (ES) derived from such models may be used to predict the potential distributions of species. The ability of such models to predict spatial patterns in abundance is unknown; we argue that there should be a positive relationship between ES and local abundance. This will be so if ES reflects how well the species’ physiological a...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Evolution of Thermal Physiology in Liolaemus Lizards: Adaptation, Phylogenetic Inertia, and Niche TrackingEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Microevolutionary studies often find that complex quantitative characters are highly evolvable and adapted to the local environment, while macroevolutionary studies often show evidence of strong phylogenetic effects and stasis. In this contribution, we show how phylogenetic comparative methods can be used to test hypotheses that may help resolve this paradox. As a test case, we studied the interplay between adaptation and phylogenetic inertia on the thermobiology of 32 species of Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae), a genus of South Americ...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Disruptive Selection in Natural Populations: The Roles of Ecological Specialization and Resource CompetitionEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Disruptive selection is potentially critical in maintaining variation and initiating speciation. Yet there are few convincing examples of disruptive selection from nature. Moreover, relatively little is known about the causes of disruptive selection. Here, we document disruptive selection and its causes in natural populations of spadefoot toad tadpoles (Spea multiplicata), which are highly variable in trophic phenotype and resource use. Using a mark‐recapture experiment in a natural pond, we show that selection favors extreme trophic p...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Bacteriolytic Activity in the Ejaculate of an InsectEmail this article to a colleague.
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We report, for the first time, bacteriolytic activity (lysozyme‐like immune activity [LLA]) in the ejaculate of an animal, the common bedbug Cimex lectularius. We also show that in almost half the males LLA in the seminal fluid exceeded LLA in the hemolymph. We detected no antimicrobial peptide activity in seminal fluid. Because lysozymes degrade only bacteria, our results suggest that sperm‐microbe interactions are probably important in the evolution of ejaculate components and thereby provide a route for natural selection to account for some of the diversity of seminal components.
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Natural History Note Source Type: journals
Mutation Accumulation in Real Branches: Fitness Assays for Genomic Deleterious Mutation Rate and Effect in Large‐Statured PlantsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: The genomic deleterious mutation rate and mean effect are central to the biology and evolution of all species. Large‐statured plants, such as trees, are predicted to have high mutation rates due to mitotic mutation and the absence of a sheltered germ line, but their size and generation time has hindered genetic study. We develop and test approaches for estimating deleterious mutation rates and effects from viability comparisons within the canopy of large‐statured plants. Our methods, inspired by E. J. Klekowski, are a modification of...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
A New Phylogenetic Diversity Measure Generalizing the Shannon Index and Its Application to Phyllostomid BatsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Protecting biodiversity involves preserving the maximum number and abundance of species while giving special attention to species with unique genetic or morphological characteristics. In balancing different priorities, conservation policymakers may consider quantitative measures that compare diversity across ecological communities. To serve this purpose, a measure should increase or decrease with changes in community composition in a way that reflects what is valued, including species richness, evenness, and distinctness. However, counte...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Fluctuating Population Dynamics Promotes the Evolution of Phenotypic PlasticityEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Theoretical and empirical studies are showing evidence in support of evolutionary branching and sympatric speciation due to frequency‐dependent competition. However, phenotypic diversification due to underlying genetic diversification is only one possible evolutionary response to disruptive selection. Another potentially general response is phenotypic diversification in the form of phenotypic plasticity. It has been suggested that genetic variation is favored in stable environments, whereas phenotypic plasticity is favored in unstable ...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Phytoplankton Competition for Nutrients and Light in a Stratified Water ColumnEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Phytoplankton compete for nutrients and light in a vertically heterogeneous environment determined by turbulent mixing. We analyzed a model of competition between two phytoplankton species in a stratified water column. We assume that the surface layer is uniformly mixed and that the deep layer is poorly mixed, as is commonly observed in lakes and oceans. We employed two analytical techniques, $I_{\mathrm{out}\,}-R$ theory in the mixed surface layer and a game theoretical approach in the deep layer. Under our assumptions, at equilibrium, ...
Source: The American Naturalist - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Quantity discrimination in Tenebrio molitor: evidence of numerosity discrimination in an invertebrate?Email this article to a colleague.
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Numerosity discrimination, the ability to distinguish between sets with more and less items, is recognised as the foundation for higher numerical abilities. Understanding numerosity discrimination from a comparative perspective is hence pivotal in tracing the evolution of numerical representation systems. However, numerosity discrimination has been well studied only in vertebrates, where two innate systems of number representation have been described: an 'analog magnitude system' used to discriminate among numerosities by representing them as cardinal magnitudes and a 'parallel individualisation system' that allows pre...
Source: Animal Cognition - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Carazo P, Font E, Forteza-Behrendt E, Desfilis E Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Morphological Variation in a Japanese Salamander, Hynobius kimurae (Amphibia, Caudata).Email this article to a colleague.
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We studied variation in morphometric and meristic characters and color pattern in the salamander Hynobius kimurae, examining 282 males from 24 localities encompassing the whole distributional range of the species in Honshu, the mainland of Japan. Multivariate analyses of 24 morphometric characters resulted in the separation of two groups, (1) eastern populations from the Kanto District to Shizuoka Prefecture of the Chubu District, and (2) central-western populations from Aichi Prefecture of the Chubu District westwards. Similar groups were recognized in meristic characters and color pattern. These geographic patterns o...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Matsui M, Misawa Y, Nishikawa K Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes related to immune function in skin of the chinese brown frog.Email this article to a colleague.
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The Chinese brown frog (Rana chensinensis) is a special amphibian in northern China, as it has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine. The skin of the Chinese brown frog is also a promising resource for producing diverse antimicrobial peptides. To obtain a more comprehensive view of the metabolism and effective pharmacological components of Chinese brown frog skin, we constructed a non-normalized cDNA library from the skin. By sequencing cDNA clones at the 5' end, we obtained 5,976 high-quality EST sequences, which clustered into 512 contigs and 1379 singletons (in all 1,891 clusters). After BLAST searches of...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Zhang Z, Zhang B, Nie X, Liu Q, Xie F, Shang D Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Expression levels of hormone receptors and bone morphogenic protein in fins of medaka.Email this article to a colleague.
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In the genus Oryzias, the morphologies of the dorsal and anal fins are typical secondary sex characters. In the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Thai medaka (Oryzias minutillus), androgen receptor (AR) expression levels in the dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins were higher in males than in females. Conversely, in both species estrogen receptor (ER) beta expression levels in the dorsal and anal fins were higher in females than in males. AR and ERbeta expression levels in the dorsal and anal fins of sex-undeterminable individuals of Thai medaka were intermediate between those in normal male and female Thai medaka. Ther...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Ngamniyom A, Magtoon W, Nagahama Y, Sasayama Y Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Relationship Between SnoN Expression and Mouse Follicular Development, Atresia, and Luteinization.Email this article to a colleague.
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SnoN, which belongs to the ski family of nuclear proteins, is a novel oncoprotein; it can induce both oncogenic transformation and terminal muscle differentiation when expressed at high levels. SnoN is an important regulator of signal transduction of the transforming growth factor beta super-family. The present study determined the ovarian localization and regulation of SnoN protein levels in neonatal mice, and in gonadotropin-induced immature mice during follicular development, atresia, and luteinization. In the postnatal mice, positive staining for SnoN was detected for the first time in the interstitial compartment ...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Xu WW, Kong XB, An LG, Zhang C Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Two-Dimensional Gravitactic Bioconvection in a Protozoan (Tetrahymena pyriformis) Culture.Email this article to a colleague.
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Gravitactic bioconvective patterns created by Tetrahymena pyriformis in a Hele-Shaw apparatus were realized and compared with theoretical results. There were found to be two thresholds for bio-convection development: the first indicates the transition from the diffusion to the steady convection state; the second corresponds to the transition from the steady to the unsteady convection state. The results showed that the Hele-Shaw apparatus may be used as a physical analogy of porous media to study 2D bioconvection, with possible extensions to larger scale biological systems where population growth and distribution are dr...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Nguyen-Quang T, Nguyen TH, Guichard F, Nicolau A, Szatmari G, Lepalec G, Dusser M, Lafossee J, Bonnet JL, Bohatier J Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Evidence for cryptic genetic discontinuity in a recently expanded sika deer population on the boso peninsula, central Japan.Email this article to a colleague.
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We examined polymorphisms at nine microsatellite loci to determine and discuss whether a distinctive genetic structure was detectable in a spatially continuous population of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) on the Boso Peninsula of central Japan. Spatially explicit Bayesian analysis revealed that two genetically distinctive clusters exist in the Boso population. The spatial boundary of the two clusters approximately conformed to the border defined previously from a mitochondrial DNA dataset. By combining information on the geomorphic features surrounding the boundary and that on the lineage of 1970s population, we propose a s...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Yoshio M, Asada M, Ochiai K, Goka K, Miyashita T, Tatsuta H Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Phylogeography of Hynobius yatsui (Amphibia: Caudata) in Kyushu, Japan.Email this article to a colleague.
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The salamander Hynobius yatsui from southwestern Japan was formerly regarded as a small-sized group of H. naevius, but has recently been resurrected as a distinct species. We investigated the phylogeography of H. yatsui from Kyushu Island using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We detected 49 haplotypes in 181 individuals from 24 localities covering the entire geographic distribution of this species on Kyushu. These haplotypes were grouped into two lineages, a northern lineage from northern and central regions, and a southern lineage from the southern region; no haplotypes were shared between th...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sakamoto M, Tominaga A, Matsui M, Sakata K, Uchino A Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Phylogeography of the Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, in the Mississippi River Basin.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we investigated the phylogeography of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, in eastern North America, using complete sequence of the mitochondrial ND1 gene from 369 samples collected at 15 sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major lineages (northern and southern clades) in a parsimony network. A sympatric distribution of the lineages was widely observed in the Mississippi Basin. Sequence diversity in the two lineages was significantly lower in glaciated regions around the Great Lakes than in unglaciated regions. The two lineages were estimated to have diverged in the Kansan glaciation, and refugia...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kawamura K, Yonekura R, Katano O, Taniguchi Y, Saitoh K Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Why do male house mice have such small testes?Email this article to a colleague.
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We studied testes size in free-living and laboratory-born commensal and non-commensal populations of various Mus species (M. musculus musculus, M. m. domesticus, M. spicilegus, M. spretus, M. macedonicus, and laboratory mice). We found no apparent differences between wild-caught and laboratory-born individuals, or among commensal, non-commensal, and laboratory populations of M. musculus. There were, however, considerable differences among the species studied. The highest values of relative testes size were found in the aboriginal species M. spicilegus (4.4% and 2.9% for wild and laboratory populations, respectively), f...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Frynta D, Slábová M, Vohralík V Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Production of transgenic medaka fish carrying fluorescent nuclei and chromosomes.Email this article to a colleague.
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As with zebrafish, attention has focused on the teleost medaka Oryzias latipes as an experimental animal representative of non-mammalian vertebrates in various fields of biological science. To enable real-time analyses of the dynamics of nuclei and chromosomes in living medaka cells, we produced a transgenic medaka expressing a fusion protein between histone H2B and green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Since the nuclei and chromosomes of transgenic medaka cells are labeled with GFP, their morphological changes can be instantly monitored throughout the mitotic cell cycle...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Iwai T, Inoue S, Kotani T, Yamashita M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Effects of Temperature on Gamete Longevity and Fertilization Success in Two Sea Urchin Species, Echinometra mathaei and Tripneustes gratilla.Email this article to a colleague.
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We investigated gamete longevity in two sea urchin species, Echinometra mathaei (Em) and Tripneustes gratilla (Tg), via laboratory experiments. The longevity of dry sperm at different ages (6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 h after collection) was tested at 20 degrees , 25 degrees , and 30 degrees C. Sperm viability was determined by the percent cleavage of eggs after in-vitro fertilization. Dry sperm of Em remained viable longer than dry sperm of Tg at all temperatures. The viability of dilute sperm and eggs was also determined at 20 degrees , 25 degrees , and 30 degrees C over varying durations (for sperm, 5, 45, and 85 min; for...
Source: Zoological Science - January 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Rahman MS, Tsuchiya M, Uehara T Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Sublethal Concentrations of Ammonia Impair Performance of the Teleost Fast‐Start Escape ResponseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 82, Issue 4, Page 353-362, July/August 2009.
Abstract The fast‐start escape response in fish is essential for predator avoidance, but almost nothing is known about whether sublethal concentrations of pollutants can impair this reflex. Ammonia, a pervasive pollutant of aquatic habitats, is known to have toxic effects on nervous and muscle function in teleost fish. Golden gray mullet (Liza aurata L.) were exposed for 24 h to sublethal ammonia concentrations in seawater (control, 400 μmol L−1, or 1,600 μmol L−1 NH4Cl), and then their response to startling with a mech...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - December 31, 2008 Category: Zoology Tags: article Articles Source Type: journals
Plasma Yolk Precursor Dynamics during Egg Production by Female Greater Scaup (Aythya marila): Characterization and Indices of Reproductive StateEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 82, Issue 4, Page 372-381, July/August 2009.
Abstract We characterized dynamics of the plasma yolk precursors vitellogenin (VTG), very‐low‐density lipoprotein (total VLDL‐TG), and VLDL particle size distribution during egg production by female greater scaup (order: Anseriformes, Aythya marila). We also evaluated VTG and total VLDL‐TG as physiological indices of reproductive state. Mean (±1 SE) plasma concentrations of VTG and total VLDL‐TG for females with nondeveloped ovaries were $0.58\pm 0.05$ μg Zn mL−1 and $3.75\pm 0.29$ mmol TG L−1, respectively. Yol...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - December 31, 2008 Category: Zoology Tags: article Articles Source Type: journals
Inhibition of HMGCoA Reductase Reveals An Unexpected Role for Cholesterol During PGC Migration in the MouseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
In the mouse, cholesterol is required for PGC survival and motility. It may act cell-autonomously by regulating clustering of growth factor receptors within PGCs or non cell-autonomously by controlling release of growth factors required for PGC guidance and survival.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - December 31, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Jiaxi Ding, DeChen Jiang, Michael Kurczy, Jennifer Nalepka, Brian Dudley, Erin I Merkel, Forbes D Porter, Andrew G Ewing, Nicholas Winograd, James Burgess and Kathleen Molyneaux Source Type: journals
Prairie dog alarm calls encode labels about predator colors.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study suggests that prairie dogs are able to incorporate labels about the individual characteristics of predators into their alarm calls, and that the complexity of information contained in animal alarm calls may be greater than has been previously believed.
PMID: 19116730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Cognition - December 31, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Slobodchikoff CN, Paseka A, Verdolin JL Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Inhibition of HMG CoA reductase reveals an unexpected role for cholesterol during PGC migration in the mouseEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
In the mouse, cholesterol is required for PGC survival and motility. It may act cell-autonomously by regulating clustering of growth factor receptors within PGCs or non cell-autonomously by controlling release of growth factors required for PGC guidance and survival.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - December 31, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Jiaxi Ding, DeChen Jiang, Michael Kurczy, Jennifer Nalepka, Brian Dudley, Erin I Merkel, Forbes D Porter, Andrew G Ewing, Nicholas Winograd, James Burgess and Kathleen Molyneaux Source Type: journals
Metabolism and Aging: Effects of Cold Exposure on Metabolic Rate, Body Composition, and Longevity in MiceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 82, Issue 4, Page 314-324, July/August 2009.
Abstract The proposition that increased energy expenditure shortens life has a long history. The rate‐of‐living theory (Pearl ) states that life span and average mass‐specific metabolic rate are inversely proportional. Originally based on interspecific allometric comparisons between species of mammals, the theory was later rejected on the basis of comparisons between taxa (e.g., birds have higher metabolic rates than mammals of the same size and yet live longer). It has rarely been experimentally tested within species. He...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - December 30, 2008 Category: Zoology Tags: article Articles Source Type: journals
Heart Rate and Heart‐Rate Variability Responses to Acute and Chronic Stress in a Wild‐Caught Passerine BirdEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 82, Issue 4, Page 332-344, July/August 2009.
Abstract The cardiovascular‐stress response has been studied extensively in laboratory animals but has been poorly studied in naturally selected species. We determined the relative roles of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) in regulating stress‐induced changes in heart rate (HR) in wild‐caught European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). In both heart‐rate variability (HRV) analysis and receptor blockade (atropine and propranolol) experiments, baseline HR was controlled predomin...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - December 30, 2008 Category: Zoology Tags: article Articles Source Type: journals
Influence of the Hydric Environment on Water Exchange and Hatchlings of Rigid‐Shelled Turtle EggsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 82, Issue 4, Page 382-387, July/August 2009.
Abstract To examine the possible influence of incubation substrate water potential on rigid‐shelled chelonian eggs and hatchlings, rigid‐shelled eggs from four clutches of Brisbane River turtle (Emydura signata) were incubated buried in vermiculite at water potentials of approximately −100, −350, and −850 kPa, and patterns of egg mass change and hatchling attributes were examined. All eggs hatched successfully, and there was no apparent effect of water potential on incubation period, fresh hatchling mass, hatchling wa...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - December 30, 2008 Category: Zoology Tags: article Articles Source Type: journals
A simplified, robust, and streamlined procedure for the production of C. elegans transgenes via recombineeringEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
We have made several significant changes that allow the production of C. elegans transgenes from a commercially available fosmid library in a robust and streamlined manner. These changes make the technique more attractive especially to small academic labs unfamiliar with recombineering.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - December 30, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Yue Zhang, Lindsey Nash and Alfred L Fisher Source Type: journals
Memory for the order of briefly presented numerals in humans as a function of practice.Email this article to a colleague.
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Inoue and Matsuzawa (Curr Biol 17: R1004-R1005, 2007) showed that with an accuracy of approximately 79%, the juvenile chimpanzee, Ayumu, could recall the position and order of a random subset of five Arabic numerals between one and nine when those numerals were presented for only 210 ms on a computer touch screen before being masked with white squares. None of nine humans working on the same task approached this level of accuracy. Inoue and Matsuzawa (2007) claimed this performance difference was evidence of a memorial capacity in young chimpanzees that was superior to that seen in adult humans. While the between-speci...
Source: Animal Cognition - December 30, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Silberberg A, Kearns D Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Breathing with your belly: Abdominal exhalation, loco-ventilatory integration and size constraints on locomotion in small mammals.Email this article to a colleague.
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In mammals, diaphragmatic contractions control inhalation while contraction of some thoracic hypaxial muscles and the transversus abdominis muscle contribute to exhalation. Additional thoracic hypaxial muscles are recruited as accessory ventilatory muscles to improve inhalation and exhalation during locomotion. However, the contribution of abdominal hypaxial muscles to resting and locomotor ventilation is little understood in mammals and loco-ventilatory integration has not been studied in small basal mammals. We show for the first time that all of the abdominal hypaxial muscles actively contribute to both resting and ...
Source: Zoology - December 30, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Reilly SM, White TD Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
Wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) distinguish between different scream types: evidence from a playback study.Email this article to a colleague.
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When experiencing aggression from group members, chimpanzees commonly produce screams. These agonistic screams are graded signals and vary acoustically as a function of the severity of aggression the caller is facing. We conducted a series of field playback experiments with a community of wild chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, to determine whether individuals could meaningfully distinguish between screams given in different agonistic contexts. We compared six subjects' responses to screams given in response to severe and mild aggression. Subjects consistently discriminated between the two scream types. To addr...
Source: Animal Cognition - December 28, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Slocombe KE, Townsend SW, Zuberbühler K Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Gaze following and gaze priming in lemurs.Email this article to a colleague.
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Although primates have often been found to co-orient visually with other individuals, members of these same species have usually failed to use co-orientation to find hidden food in object-choice experiments. This presents an evolutionary puzzle: what is the function of co-orientation if it is not used for a function as basic as locating resources? Co-orientation responses have not been systematically investigated in object-choice experiments, and requiring co-orientation with humans (as is typical in object-choice tasks) may underestimate other species' abilities. Using an object-choice task with conspecific models dep...
Source: Animal Cognition - December 24, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Ruiz A, Gómez JC, Roeder JJ, Byrne RW Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Physical characteristics of rumen contents in two small ruminants of different feeding type, the mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon) and the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).Email this article to a colleague.
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In domestic ruminants, the stratification of forestomach contents - the results of flotation and sedimentation processes - is an important prerequisite for the selective particle retention in this organ. A series of anatomical and physiological measurements suggests that the degree of this stratification varies between browsing and grazing wild ruminants. We investigated the forestomach contents of free-ranging mouflon and roe deer shot during regular hunting procedures. There was no difference between the species in the degree by which forestomach ingesta separated according to size due to buoyancy characteristics in ...
Source: Zoology - December 23, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Clauss M, Fritz J, Bayer D, Hummel J, Streich WJ, Südekum KH, Hatt JM Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
Pleiotropic effects in Eya3 knockout miceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
The loss of Eya3 in the mouse has no apparent effect on eye development. The wide-spread expression of Eya3 in mouse and zebrafish embryos is in contrast to the restricted expression pattern in Xenopus embryos. The loss of Eya3 in mice leads to a broad spectrum of minor physiological changes. Among them, the mutant mice move less than the wild-type mice and, together with the effects on respiratory, muscle and heart function, the mutation might lead to more severe effects when the mice become older. Therefore, future investigations of Eya3 function should focus on aging mice.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - December 22, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Torben Soker, Claudia Dalke, Oliver Puk, Thomas Floss, Lore Becker, Ines Bolle, Jack Favor, Wolfgang Hans, Sabine M. Hoelter, Marion Horsch, Magdalena Kallnik, Eva Kling, Corinna Morth, Anja Schrewe, Christian Stigloher, Stefanie Topp, Valerie Gailus-Durn Source Type: journals
Systematics of the Australo-Papuan tree frogs known as Litoria bicolor (Anura : Hylidae) in the Papuan regionEmail this article to a colleague.
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J. I. Menzies, S. J. Richards, M. J. Tyler - Volume 56(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - December 21, 2008 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Tadpoles of invasive cane toads (Bufo marinus) do not respond behaviourally to chemical cues from tadpoles of four species of Australian frogsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Mattias Hagman, Richard Shine - Volume 56(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - December 21, 2008 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Movements and distribution of dugongs (Dugong dugon) in a macro-tidal environment in northern AustraliaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Scott D. Whiting - Volume 56(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - December 21, 2008 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Male copulation frequency, sperm competition and genital damage in the golden orb-web spider (Nephila plumipes)Email this article to a colleague.
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Jutta M. Schneider, Marie E. Herberstein, Matthew J. Bruce, Michael M. Kasumovic, Melissa L. Thomas, Mark A. Elgar - Volume 56(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - December 21, 2008 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Growth and development of an araneophagic assassin bug, Stenolemus bituberus (Heteroptera : Reduviidae)Email this article to a colleague.
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Anne E. Wignall, Phillip W. Taylor - Volume 56(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - December 21, 2008 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Laser photogrammetry to determine dorsal fin size in a population of bottlenose dolphins from Doubtful Sound, New ZealandEmail this article to a colleague.
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Lucy E. Rowe, Stephen M. Dawson - Volume 56(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - December 21, 2008 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Geographic variation in the advertisement call of Crinia signifera (Anura : Myobatrachidae) on Kangaroo Island and across southern south-eastern AustraliaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Murray J. Littlejohn - Volume 56(4)
Source: Australian Journal of Zoology - December 21, 2008 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Temporal analysis of ectopic enamel production in incisors from sprouty mutant mice.Email this article to a colleague.
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The mouse incisor has two unusual features: it grows continuously and it is covered by enamel exclusively on the labial side. The continuous growth is driven in part by epithelial stem cells in the cervical loop region that can both self-renew and give rise to ameloblasts. We have previously reported that ectopic enamel is found on the lingual side of the incisor in mice with loss-of-function of sprouty (spry) genes. Spry2(+/-); Spry4(-/-) mice, in which three sprouty alleles have been inactivated, have ectopic enamel as a result of upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal FGF signaling in the lingual part of the cervica...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - December 19, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Boran T, Peterkova R, Lesot H, Lyons DB, Peterka M, Klein OD Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Scube1 is expressed during facial development in the mouse.Email this article to a colleague.
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Scube1 encodes a secreted plasma membrane-associated protein characterized by a N-terminal signal peptide sequence, multiple EGF domains, a N-linked glycosylated spacer region and a C-terminal CUB region. Here, we describe expression of the mouse Scube1 gene during early craniofacial development. Transcripts were identified in the nervous system, within the ventral neural tube, telencephalon and trigeminal ganglion. In addition, strong regionally restricted expression was found in the facial processes, including the medial and lateral nasal processes, maxilla and mandible, and caudal pharyngeal arches. During tooth dev...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - December 19, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Xavier GM, Sharpe PT, Cobourne MT Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Role-reversal of gender-associated mitochondrial DNA affects mitochondrial function in Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae).Email this article to a colleague.
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Mussel species of the genus Mytilus possess an unusual system of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transmission termed doubly uniparental inheritance. They are characterized by the presence of two highly divergent gender-associated mtDNA genomes (often with>20 and>10% divergences in DNA and amino acid sequences, respectively) that are inherited either maternally (F mtDNA) or paternally (M mtDNA). Females are typically homoplasmic for the F mtDNA and males are heteroplasmic with the F mtDNA being most common in all tissues except the gonad that is dominated by the M mtDNA. Collectively, males are polymorphic for two class...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - December 18, 2008 Category: Zoology Authors: Breton S, Stewart DT, Blier PU Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
