Zoology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 6.
Different Effects of Species Diversity on Temporal Stability in Single‐Trophic and Multitrophic Communities
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: The question of how species diversity affects ecological stability has long interested ecologists and yet remains largely unresolved. Historically, attempts to answer this question have been hampered by the presence of multiple potentially confounding stability concepts, confusion over responses at different levels of ecological organization, discrepancy between theoretical predictions, and, particularly, the paucity of empirical studies. Here we used meta‐analyses to synthesize results of empirical studies published primarily in the p...
Source: The American Naturalist - September 11, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Tiny but complex - interactive 3D visualization of the interstitial acochlidian gastropod Pseudunela cornuta (Challis, 1970)Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
In spite of its small body size, the interstitial hermaphroditic P. cornuta shows high complexity regarding all major organ systems; the excretory system is as differentiated as in species of the sister clade, the limnic and much larger Acochlidiidae, and the reproductive system is by far the most elaborated one ever observed in a mesopsammic gastropod, though functionally not yet fully understood. Such organ complexity as shown herein by interactive 3D visualization is not plesiomorphically maintained from a larger, benthic ancestor, but newly evolved within small marine hedylopsacean ancestors of P. cornuta....
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - September 10, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Timea NeusserMartin HessMichael Schroedl Source Type: journals
Expression pattern of two collagen type 2 alpha1 genes in the Japanese inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) with special reference to the evolution of cartilaginous tissue.Email this article to a colleague.
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Collagen type 2 alpha1 (Col2A1) protein is a major component of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) in vertebrates. Over the past two decades, the evolutionary origin of Col2A1 has been studied at the biochemical and molecular levels in extant jawless vertebrates (hagfishes and lampreys). Although these studies have contributed to our understanding of ECM protein evolution, the expression profile of the Col2A1 gene in hagfishes has not been fully described. We have performed molecular cloning and analyzed the gene expression pattern of the Col2A1 gene in the Japanese inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri). We su...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - September 10, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Ota KG, Kuratani S Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Evidence for a widespread involvement of NO in control of photogenesis in bioluminescent fishEmail this article to a colleague.
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Krönström, J. and Mallefet, J. 2009. Evidence for a widespread involvement of NO in control of photogenesis in bioluminescent fish. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx:00[ndash]00 The presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nerve fibres in the photophores of seven bioluminescent fish species (Hygophum benoiti, Myctophum punctatum, Electrona risso, Cyclothone braueri, Vinciguerria attenuata, Maurolicus muelleri and Porichthys notatus) with endogenous photocytes, were investigated. Antibodies directed against neuronal and inducible NOS (n and iNOS respectively) and NADPH-diaphorase activity were used to reveal the loc...
Source: Acta Zoologica - September 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jenny Krönström, Jerome Mallefet Source Type: journals
Impacts of hunting on mammals in African tropical moist forests: a review and synthesisEmail this article to a colleague.
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We present data on current knowledge of extraction patterns of wild mammals in West and Central Africa, and evidence that at current off-take levels, within the range states, mammals as bushmeat are being depleted on an unprecedented scale. Extraction rates are orders of magnitude higher there than in comparable ecosystems like the Amazon, and much less likely to be sustainable. However, basic knowledge of the biology of harvestable tropical moist forest mammals, and the consequences of hunting on mammalian communities, which permits accurate estimation of maximal production rate (the excess of growth over replacement rate...
Source: Mammal Review - September 9, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: JOHN E. FA, DAVID BROWN Source Type: journals
Live Where You Thrive: Joint Evolution of Habitat Choice and Local Adaptation Facilitates Specialization and Promotes DiversityEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page E000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: We derive a comprehensive overview of specialization evolution based on analytical results and numerical illustrations. We study the separate and joint evolution of two critical facets of specialization—local adaptation and habitat choice—under different life cycles, modes of density regulation, variance‐covariance structures, and trade‐off strengths. A particular feature of our analysis is the investigation of arbitrary trade‐off functions. We find that local‐adaptation evolution qualitatively changes the outcome of habitat...
Source: The American Naturalist - September 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article ‐Article Source Type: journals
Heritable Variation in Maternal Yolk Hormone Transfer in a Wild Bird PopulationEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Differential reproductive investment by the mother can critically influence offspring development and phenotype, and strong selection is therefore expected to act on such maternal effects. Although a genetic basis is a prerequisite for phenotypic traits to respond to selection and thus to evolve, we still know very little about the extent of heritable variation in maternal effects in natural populations. Here, we present the first estimates of intrafemale repeatability across breeding seasons and estimates of heritability of hormone‐me...
Source: The American Naturalist - September 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Optimization of Resource Allocation Can Explain the Temporal Dynamics and Honesty of Sexual SignalsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: In species in which males are free to dynamically alter their allocation to sexual signaling over the breeding season, the optimal investment in signaling should depend on both a male’s state and the level of competition he faces at any given time. We developed a dynamic optimization model within a game‐theoretical framework to explore the resulting signaling dynamics at both individual and population levels and tested two key model predictions with empirical data on three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) males subjected...
Source: The American Naturalist - September 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Evolution of chameleon locomotion, or how to become arboreal as a reptile.Email this article to a colleague.
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High-speed, biplanar X-ray motion analysis, X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) and morphological studies have led to the identification of those traits which are considered to be crucial for the evolution of arboreal locomotion in chameleons. The loss of the extensive lateral undulation typical of reptiles needs to be compensated by high mobility in the shoulder girdle and a clear functional regionalization of the trunk. Large limb excursion angles provide a compliant gait and are made possible by a functional parasagittalization of fore- and hind limbs, at least temporarily. All these evolutionary novel...
Source: Zoology - September 8, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Fischer MS, Krause C, Lilje KE Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
Muscle differentiation in a colonial ascidian: organisation, gene expression and evolutionary considerationsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Integration of data from ISH, phalloidin staining and TEM allowed us to follow the phases of differentiation of the three muscle kinds, which differ in expression pattern of the two transcripts. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for the close relationship between tunicate and vertebrate muscle genes. The characteristics and plasticity of muscles in tunicates are discussed.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - September 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Valentina DegasperiFabio GaspariniSebastian ShimeldChiara SinigagliaPaolo BurighelLucia Manni Source Type: journals
Sponge budding is a spatiotemporal morphological patterning process: Insights from synchrotron radiation-based x-ray microtomography into the asexual reproduction of Tethya wilhelmaEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that budding in demosponges is considerably more highly organized and regulated than previously assumed. Morphological pattern formation in asexual reproduction with underlying genetic regulation seems to have evolved early in metazoans and was likely part of the developmental program of the last common ancestor of all Metazoa (LCAM).
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - September 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jorg HammelJulia HerzenFelix BeckmannMichael Nickel Source Type: journals
An insertion/deletion variant of a thymine base in exon 2 of the porcine beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene associated with loin eye muscle areaEmail this article to a colleague.
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An insertion/deletion variant of a thymine base (T5 and T6) in exon 2 of porcine beta 3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene has been described. In the current study, we made an association study between the ADRB3 polymorphisms and production traits in 735 Duroc pigs. The allele frequencies for the T5 and T6 alleles in our study population were 0.433 and 0.567, respectively. Any associations between ADRB3 genotype and average daily weight gain during test period, or backfat thickness and intramuscular fat content were not detected in either sex. However the size of the loin eye muscle area (EMA) was significantly associated wi...
Source: Animal Science Journal - September 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kensuke HIROSE, Mariko NAKAMURA, Tatsuya TAKIZAWA, Kazuo FUKAWA, Tetsuya ITO, Masayuki UEDA, Takashi SASAKI, Kazuaki TANAKA Source Type: journals
Muscle type-specific effect of myostatin deficiency on myogenic regulatory factor expression in adult double-muscled Japanese Shorthorn cattleEmail this article to a colleague.
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To clarify muscle type-specific effect of myostatin on myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), we examined mRNA expression of MRFs in five skeletal muscles of normal (NM) and myostatin-deficient double-muscled (DM) adult Japanese Shorthorn cattle by quantitative reverse-transcribed PCR. Among the four MRFs, namely, Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4, MyoD expression was different among the muscles of the DM cattle (P < 0.01) but not of the NM cattle. Meanwhile, MyoD expression was significantly elevated only in masseter (MS) muscle in the DM cattle due to the myostatin deficiency (P < 0.05). Myf5 and MRF4 expression in semitendino...
Source: Animal Science Journal - September 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Susumu MUROYA, Kouichi WATANABE, Shinichiro HAYASHI, Masato MIYAKE, Shigeru KONASHI, Youichi SATO, Manabu TAKAHASHI, Shigeki KAWAHATA, Yoshisato YOSHIKAWA, Hisashi ASO, Koichi CHIKUNI, Takahiro YAMAGUCHI Source Type: journals
Concentrations of ketone body and antidiuretic hormone in cerebrospinal fluid in response to the intra-ruminal administration of butyrate in suckling calvesEmail this article to a colleague.
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The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which ketone bodies increase antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Four male Holstein calves (5 weeks of age) were utilized. Four levels of butyrate (0 g, 11 g, 22 g and 44 g) were administrated intra-ruminally in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, six-position lumbar puncture), blood plasma and urine were collected. The concentration of total plasma and CSF protein was 5.5[ndash]5.6 g/dL and 27.5[ndash]28.3 mg/dL, respectively. CSF concentrations of a specific ketone body, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, were significantly higher in the 22 g and...
Source: Animal Science Journal - September 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Tsunenori IRIKI, Kazuyoshi TAMURA, Mana ISHII, Hiroyuki TANAKA, Tsuyoshi MIYAMOTO, Ken ONDA Source Type: journals
Estimation of breeding values from large-sized routine carcass data in Japanese Black cattle using Bayesian analysisEmail this article to a colleague.
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This study applied a Bayesian analysis using Gibbs sampling (GS) to a large data set of the routine carcass field data and practically verified its validity in the estimation of breeding values. A Bayesian analysis like REML-EBLUP was implemented, and the posterior means were calculated using every 10th sample from 90 000 of samples after 10 000 samples discarded. Moment and rank correlations between breeding values estimated by GS and REML-EBLUP were very close to one, and the linear regression coefficients and the intercepts of the GS on the REML-EBLUP estimates were substantially one and zero, respectively, showing a ve...
Source: Animal Science Journal - September 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Aisaku ARAKAWA, Hiroaki IWAISAKI, Katsuhito ANADA Source Type: journals
Identification of a potent immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide from Streptococcus thermophilus lacZEmail this article to a colleague.
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Immunostimulatory sequences of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), such as CpG ODNs, are potent stimulators of innate immunity. Here, we identified a strong immunostimulatory CpG ODN, which we named MsST, from the lac Z gene of Streptococcus (S.) thermophilus ATCC19258, and we evaluated its immune functions. In in vitro studies, MsST had a similar ability as the murine prototype CpG ODN 1555 to induce inflammatory cytokine production and cell proliferation. In mouse splenocytes, MsST increased the number of CD80+CD11c+and CD86+CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. We also analyzed the effects of MsST on the ex...
Source: Animal Science Journal - September 7, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Takeshi SHIMOSATO, Masanori TOHNO, Takashi SATO, Junko NISHIMURA, Yasushi KAWAI, Tadao SAITO, Haruki KITAZAWA Source Type: journals
Countergradient Variation in Temperature Preference in Populations of Killifish Fundulus heteroclitusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract Behavioral thermoregulation can allow ectotherms to buffer the effects of changes in environmental temperature, and thus an organism’s preferred temperature is thought to be under strong selection. However, this contention has seldom been tested. We used common killifish Fundulus heteroclitus from high‐latitude (northern) and low‐latitude (southern) populations to investigate intraspecific variation in thermal preference and its relationship to habitat temperature. We quantified the preferred temperatures of northern a...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - September 4, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
High‐Temperature Tolerance in Anhydrobiotic Tardigrades Is Limited by Glass TransitionEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we provide the first evidence of the presence of a glass transition during heating in an anhydrobiotic tardigrade through the use of differential scanning calorimetry.
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - September 4, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Thermal Acclimation and Regulation of Metabolism in a Reptile (Crocodylus porosus): The Importance of Transcriptional Mechanisms and Membrane CompositionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract Energy metabolism is fundamental for animal fitness because it fuels locomotion, growth, and reproduction. Mitochondrial capacities often acclimate to compensate for negative thermodynamic effects. Our aim was to determine the importance of transcriptional regulation and membrane fatty acid composition in modulating oxidative capacities at body temperatures selected in a cold and a warm environment by a reptile (Crocodylus porosus). In the cool environment (mean selected Tb = 21°C), mRNA concentrations of the transcription ...
Source: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology - September 4, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Exophiala xenobiotica infection in cultured striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider), in JapanEmail this article to a colleague.
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This report describes Exophiala infection in cultured striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentex, in Japan in 2005. One hundred out of 35 000 fish died per day and mortalities continued for 1 month. Diseased fish showed swelling of the abdomen and kidney distension. Numerous septate hyphae, pale brown in colour, were seen in kidney in squash preparations. Histology revealed abundant fungal hyphae and conidia in gill, heart and kidney. Fungal hyphae were accompanied by cell necrosis and influx of inflammatory, mainly mononuclear cells. The fungus isolated from the diseased fish had septate hyphae, pale brown in colour and 1.8[ndash]...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - September 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: C Munchan, O Kurata, S Wada, K Hatai, A Sano, K Kamei, N Nakaoka Source Type: journals
Phenotypic, serological and molecular evidence of Chryseobacterium piscicola in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in FinlandEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - September 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: P Ilardi, J Abad, P Rintamäki, J-F Bernardet, R Avendaño-Herrera Source Type: journals
The effect of liposome-coated recombinant protein VP28 against white spot syndrome virus in kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - September 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: R Mavichak, T Takano, H Kondo, I Hirono, S Wada, K Hatai, H Inagawa, Y Takahashi, T Yoshimura, H Kiyono, Y Yuki, T Aoki Source Type: journals
Sperm morphology of beef bulls evaluated by two different methods.Email this article to a colleague.
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The objectives of this study were to compare two different methods of evaluating bull sperm morphology, bright-field (BF) microscopy of eosin-nigrosin (EN) stained dry-mount semen smears and differential interference phase contrast (DIC) microscopy of wet-mount semen 'fixed' in isotonic formal saline, both at 1000x. Ejaculates (n=72) were evaluated, representing both pre- and post-breeding season ejaculates collected from 40 2-yr-old beef bulls via electro-ejaculation. For both methods, 200 sperm were counted in random fields with defects categorized as major (MAD) and minor (MID). Sperm abnormalities were also placed into...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - September 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Freneau GE, Chenoweth PJ, Ellis R, Rupp G Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Hormonal, biochemical, and hematological profiles in female camels (Camelus dromedarius) affected with reproductive disorders.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, this is the first report characterizing blood constituents in female camels with various reproductive disorders. These profiles may be valuable in clarifying the etio-pathogenesis of these disorders.
PMID: 19815355 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - September 3, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Ali A, Tharwat M, Al-Sobayil FA Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Did Paul Kammerer discover epigenetic inheritance? A modern look at the controversial midwife toad experiments.Email this article to a colleague.
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The controversy surrounding the alleged Lamarckian fraud of Paul Kammerer's midwife toad experiments has intrigued generations of biologists. A re-examination of his descriptions of hybrid crosses of treated and nontreated toads reveals parent-of-origin effects like those documented in epigenetic inheritance. Modification of the extracellular matrix of the egg as described by Kammerer provides a plausible cause for altered gene methylation patterns. Traits such as altered egg and adult body size in Kammerer's "treated" toads are inherited epigenetically in other tetrapods. A preliminary model involving the environmenta...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - September 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Vargas AO Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
Population genetics and social organization of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Azores inferred by microsatellite analysesEmail this article to a colleague.
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A. M. Pinela, S. Quérouil, S. Magalhães, M. A. Silva, R. Prieto, J. A. Matos, and R. S. Santos - In the northeast Atlantic Ocean, the archipelago of the Azores is frequented by female - offspring groups of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus L., 1758), as well as...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - September 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Population genetic structure of raccoons (Procyon lotor) inhabiting a highly fragmented landscapeEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study we utilized 13 microsatellites to analyze the...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - September 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Temperature and site selection by Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) during hibernation near the species’ northern range limitEmail this article to a colleague.
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C. B. Edge, B. D. Steinberg, R. J. Brooks, and J. D. Litzgus - Many animals that live in northern climates enter a state of prolonged dormancy during winter. These animals possess a suite of physiological and behavioural adaptations...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - September 2, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
CARM1/PRMT4 regulates chondrocyte proliferation via arginine methylation of Sox9Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
These results establish a role for CARM1 as an important regulator of cell proliferation during embryogenesis.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - September 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Tatsuo ItoNeelu YadavJaeho LeeTakayuki FurumatsuSatoshi YamashitaKenji YoshidaNoboru TaniguchiMegumi HashimotoMegumi TsuchiyaToshifumi OzakiMartin LotzMark BedfordHiroshi Asahara Source Type: journals
Thermal biology of Phymaturus lizards: evolutionary constraints or lack of environmental variation?Email this article to a colleague.
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Several aspects of the biology of Phymaturus lizards including their herbivorous diet, specialized microhabitat use, and viviparous reproductive mode are highly conserved within the group. Here, we explore two aspects of Phymaturus thermal biology and test for the co-evolution among aspects of the thermal biology in these lizards, such as thermal preferenda and critical temperatures. Secondly, we explore correlations among variation in thermal biology with elevation and latitude. To do so, we used phylogenetically based comparative analyses (PCM) together with conventional statistics. Our results show that thermal biol...
Source: Zoology - September 1, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Cruz FB, Belver L, Acosta JC, Villavicencio HJ, Blanco G, Cánovas MG Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
A new species of green hydra (hydrozoa: hydrida) from china.Email this article to a colleague.
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A new species of green freshwater hydra (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa: Hydrida), Hydra sinensis, is described from Guangdong Province, China. The chief distinction between H. sinensis sp. nov. and three other green hydras (H. hadleyi, H. viridissima, and H. plagiodesmica) is in the holotrichous isorhizae. Hydra sinensis sp. nov. differs from H. plagiodesmica in the shape of the holotrichous isorhlzae, and from H. viridissima and H. hadleyi in the tubule of the capsule of the holotrichous isorhlzae. The capsule tubule colls two times in 86% and three times in 14% of holotrlchous isorhlzae (n=50) In H. sinensis sp. nov.; we observ...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Wang AT, Deng L, Lai JQ, Li J Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
A review of the leafhopper genus scaphotettix matsumura (hemiptera: cicadellidae: deltocephalinae), with description of a new genus.Email this article to a colleague.
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The leafhopper genus Scaphotettix Matsumura is redescribed, and three new species are described and Illustrated: S. striatus Dai and Zhang, sp. nov. from Java (on bamboo) and China; S. bispinosus Dai and Zhang, sp. nov from China; and S. pectinatus Dai and Zhang, sp. nov. from Vietnam. Most other species of Scaphotettix were re-examined and found to belong to a new genus also described herein, Scaphomonus Viraktamath, gen. nov.. The new genus is compared with the superficially similar Melanetettix Knight and Fletcher, Scaphodhara Viraktamath and Mohan, and Scaphoideus Uhler and a new species, Scaphomonus vateriae Virak...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Dai W, Viraktamath CA, Zhang Y, Webb MD Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Review of the symbiotic genus haplosyllides (polychaeta: syllidae), with a description of a new species.Email this article to a colleague.
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The genus Haplosyllides was considered as monotyplc, with H. floridana as the only valid species. The present revision Includes two more species in this genus: H. aberrans comb. nov. and H. ophiocomae sp. nov. Syllis (Haplosyllis) aberrans (from Vietnam) was considered a Junior synonym of H. floridana (from the Caribbean). The finding of additional specimens from Vietnam and Indonesia, and the study of the type series, allowed us to redescrlbe H. aberrans comb. nov. on the basis of morphological, ecological and blogeographical characteristics. Haplosyllides aberrans comb. nov. differs from H. floridana in having poster...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Martin D, Aguado MT, Britayev TA Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Estradiol-17beta Treatment Induces Intersexual Gonadal Development in the Pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes.Email this article to a colleague.
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Estrogens are responsible for most characteristics of the female sex of a species, such as metabolic, behavioral, and morphological changes during reproduction. Artificial estradiol-17beta (E2) treatment Induces sex reversal in some fish. The Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) has the most compact genome among vertebrates and great pottial for comparative genome analysis. In this paper, we describe the Influence of E2 treatment during gonadal development in the pufferfish. After hatching, fry were treated with no (control) or a 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 mug/g diet from 21 to 80 days after hatching (dah). Doublesex-mab3-r...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Lee KH, Yamaguchi A, Rashid H, Kadomura K, Yasumoto S, Matsuyama M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Functional Changes with Feeding in the Gastro-Intestinal Epithelia of the Burmese Python (Python molurus).Email this article to a colleague.
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The morphology of the digestive system in fasting and refed Burmese pythons was determined, as well as the localization of the proton (H(+), K(+)-ATPase) and sodium (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase) pumps. In fasting pythons, oxyntopeptic cells located within the fundic glands are typically non-active, with a thick apical tubulovesicular system and numerous zymogen granules. They become active Immediately after feeding but return to a non-active state 3 days after the Ingestion of the prey. The proton pump, expressed throughout the different fasting/feeding states, is either sequestered in the tubuloveslcular system in non-active c...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Helmstetter C, Reix N, T'flachebba M, Pope RK, Secor SM, Le Maho Y, Lignot JH Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Mitochondrial DNA Variation Reveals Recent Evolutionary History of Main Boa constrictor Clades.Email this article to a colleague.
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We sequenced a 1114-bp fragment of cytochrome b gene in six subspecies (115 samples) of Boa constrictor and detected 67 haplotypes. Our analyses revealed the presence of two distinct clades, one from Central America (CA) including the neighboring part of South America west of the Andes, and the other covering the rest of South America (SA). Sequence divergence between CA and SA clades is about 5-7%, which roughly corresponds to a separation at the time of uplift of the Colombian Andes following formation of the Panama Isthmus before 3.5 Myr Sequence divergence within the SA and CA clades is only 2-3%, suggesting a fair...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hynková I, Starostová Z, Frynta D Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Characterization of a cDNA encoding Guinea pig i3 associated with the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.Email this article to a colleague.
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To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, we performed a differential display analysis to identify genes whose expression was elevated in guinea pig DTH reaction-elicited skin-infiltrating cells. One of genes isolated was Identified as a guinea pig I3 gene that encodes a polypeptide of 125 amino acids. The amino acid sequence was above 90% identical to that of human, mouse, and rat I3 protein. Although I3 was originally Identified as a gene expressed in mouse brain, its mRNA was widely expressed in various guinea pig tissues and Immune cells such as spleen cells...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Nakada-Tsukui K, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe N Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Intraspecific Relationships of Populations of the Brown Frog Rana sauteri (Ranidae) on Taiwan, Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequences.Email this article to a colleague.
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We studied the phylogenetic relationships among populations of Rana sauteri using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 244 samples from 29 localities In Taiwan. We detected 77 haplotypes among these sequences. The phylogenetic trees contained five distinct lineages: the northern (NL), eastern (EL), southern hill (SHL), northern mountain (NML), and southern mountain (SML) lineages, defined by geographical distribution. The lineage phylogeny did not support the two-species hypothesis Inferred from larval morphology. To describe the possible colonization history of R. sauteri in Taiwan, we propose...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jang-Liaw NH, Lee TH Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Immunohistochemical demonstration of s-100 protein in the chicken uropygial gland during the post-hatching period.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study concerns the immunohistochemical detection of localization of S-100alpha, S-100beta, and wbS-100 in the chicken uropygial gland during development from days 1-150 days post-hatching. In 1-day-old chicks, the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells in the luminal epithelium and the tubules of the gland stained positively for S-100alpha, S-100beta, and wbS-100. Seven days after hatching, immunoreactivity for S-100alpha, S-100beta, and wbS-100 was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells in the germinative and intermediate layers of the central zone, but was found only in the germinative layer of the peripheral zone. I...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Liman N, Alan E, Beyaz F Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Evolution of time-coding systems in weakly electric fishes.Email this article to a colleague.
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Weakly electric fishes emit electric organ discharges (EODs) from their tail electric organs and sense feedback signals from their EODs by electroreceptors in the skin. The electric sense is utilized for various behaviors, including electrolocation, electrocommunication, and the Jamming avoidance response (JAR). For each behavior, various types of sensory Information are embedded in the transient electrical signals produced by the fish. These temporal signals are sampled, encoded, and further processed by peripheral and central neurons specialized for time coding. There are time codes for the sex or species Identities ...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kawasaki M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Pharmacokinetics of emamectin benzoate administered to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., by intra-peritoneal injectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: K A Glover, O B Samuelsen, O T Skilbrei, K Boxaspen, B T Lunestad Source Type: journals
Spermatogenesis in Boccardiella hamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan: sperm formation mechanisms as characteristics for future taxonomic revisionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Reunov, A.A., Yurchenko, O.V., Alexandrova, Y.N. and Radashevsky, V.I. 2009. Spermatogenesis in Boccardiella hamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan: sperm formation mechanisms as characteristics for future taxonomic revision. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx:00[ndash]00 To characterize novel features that will be useful in the discussion and validation of the spionid polychaete Boccardiella hamata from the Sea of Japan, the successive stages of spermatogenesis were described and illustrated. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes and early spermatids are aflagellar cells that develop synchronously in clusters unite...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Arkadiy A. Reunov, Olga V. Yurchenko, Yana N. Alexandrova, Vasily I. Radashevsky Source Type: journals
Ultrastructure of the body wall of three species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)Email this article to a colleague.
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De Wit P., Erséus C. and Gustavsson L.M. (2009). Ultrastructure of the body wall of three species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae). [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx:00[ndash]00 The body wall of three species of Grania, including the cuticle, epidermis and the musculature, are studied using TEM. The cuticle is similar to previously studied enchytraeids, with an orthogonal grid pattern of collagen fibers. This pattern is also seen in Crassiclitellata, which has been suggested as the sister taxon of Enchytraeidae. Variation of epicuticular and fiber zone patterns seen in Naididae (formerly Tubificidae and ...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Pierre De Wit, Christer Erséus, Lena M. Gustavsson Source Type: journals
Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of the tail of the lizard Hemidactylus mabouia immediately following autotomyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Araújo, T.H., Faria, F.P., Katchburian, E. and Freymüller, E. (2009). Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of the tail of the lizard Hemidactylus mabouia immediately following autotomy. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx: 00[ndash]00 Although autotomy and subsequent regeneration of lizard tails has been extensively studied, there is little information available on ultrastructural changes that occur to the muscle fibers at the site of severance. Thus, in the present study, we examine the ultrastructure of the musculature of the remaining tail stump of the lizard Hemidactylus mabouia immediately after autotomy. Our...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Tomaz Henrique Araújo, Flavio Pavla de Faria, Eduardo Katchburian, Edna Freymüller Haapalainen Source Type: journals
Biology of the solitary wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) agamemnon Richards 1934 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in trap-nestsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Buschini, M.L.T. and Fajardo, S. 2009. Biology of the solitary wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) agamemnon Richards 1934 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in trap-nests. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx: 00[ndash]00. Some Trypoxylon species build their nests in preexisting tubular cavities like hollow stems and beetle borings in branches. Study of the biology of these insects is relatively easy because the females of these wasps nest with enormous success in trap-nests. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance, seasonality and life-history of Trypoxylon agamemnon. For capture of these insects, trap-nests were instal...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Maria Luisa Tunes Buschini, Saul Fajardo Source Type: journals
Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny & EvolutionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa Source Type: journals
An experimental vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)Email this article to a colleague.
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A candidate vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was developed using a bacterial lysate. To test the strength of protection, A. hydrophila challenge models were compared using injection into both the intraperitoneal (IP) cavity and the dorsal sinus (DS) with selected doses of live bacteria washed in saline or left untreated. Unlike the IP route, injection into the DS with either saline washed or unwashed cells resulted in consistent cumulative mortality and a dose response that could be used to establish a standard challenge having an LD50 of approximately 3 × 107 colony forming unit...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: S E LaPatra, K P Plant, S Alcorn, V Ostland, J Winton Source Type: journals
A single-dose pharmacokinetic study of emamectin benzoate in cod, Gadus morhua L., held in sea water at 9 °CEmail this article to a colleague.
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The pharmacokinetic profile of the antiparasitic agent emamectin benzoate was studied in plasma after intravenous (i.v.) injection and in plasma, muscle and skin following oral (p.o.) administration to cod, Gadus morhua, held in sea water at 9 °C and weighing 100[ndash]200 g. Following i.v. injection, the plasma drug concentration-time profile showed two distinct phases. The plasma distribution half-life (t1/2[alpha]) was estimated as 2.5 h, the elimination half-life (t1/2[beta]) as 216 h, the total body clearance (ClT) as 0.0059 L kg[minus]1 h[minus]1 and mean residence time (MRT) as 385 h. The volume of distribution at ...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: O B Samuelsen Source Type: journals
Prospective longitudinal studies of salmonid alphavirus infections on two Atlantic salmon farms in Ireland; evidence for viral persistenceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Prospective longitudinal studies of two outbreaks of pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon (AS), Salmo salar L., in Ireland were conducted. Both outbreaks occurred during the marine phase of production, with one caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (SAV1) and the other by SAV4. In addition to screening a range of tissues by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), virological, serological and histopathological examinations were performed along with partial genome sequencing and results were related to environmental and production data and farm history. On Farm 1 (marine sampling only), infectio...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: D A Graham, E Fringuelli, C Wilson, H M Rowley, A Brown, H Rodger, M F McLoughlin, C McManus, E Casey, L J McCarthy, N M Ruane Source Type: journals
Book reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: R.J. Roberts Source Type: journals
