Zoology
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This page shows you the most recent publications within this specialty of the MedWorm directory. This is page number 7.
Characterization of a cDNA encoding Guinea pig i3 associated with the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.
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To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, we performed a differential display analysis to identify genes whose expression was elevated in guinea pig DTH reaction-elicited skin-infiltrating cells. One of genes isolated was Identified as a guinea pig I3 gene that encodes a polypeptide of 125 amino acids. The amino acid sequence was above 90% identical to that of human, mouse, and rat I3 protein. Although I3 was originally Identified as a gene expressed in mouse brain, its mRNA was widely expressed in various guinea pig tissues and Immune cells such as spleen cells...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Nakada-Tsukui K, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe N Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Intraspecific Relationships of Populations of the Brown Frog Rana sauteri (Ranidae) on Taiwan, Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Sequences.Email this article to a colleague.
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We studied the phylogenetic relationships among populations of Rana sauteri using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 244 samples from 29 localities In Taiwan. We detected 77 haplotypes among these sequences. The phylogenetic trees contained five distinct lineages: the northern (NL), eastern (EL), southern hill (SHL), northern mountain (NML), and southern mountain (SML) lineages, defined by geographical distribution. The lineage phylogeny did not support the two-species hypothesis Inferred from larval morphology. To describe the possible colonization history of R. sauteri in Taiwan, we propose...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Jang-Liaw NH, Lee TH Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Immunohistochemical demonstration of s-100 protein in the chicken uropygial gland during the post-hatching period.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study concerns the immunohistochemical detection of localization of S-100alpha, S-100beta, and wbS-100 in the chicken uropygial gland during development from days 1-150 days post-hatching. In 1-day-old chicks, the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells in the luminal epithelium and the tubules of the gland stained positively for S-100alpha, S-100beta, and wbS-100. Seven days after hatching, immunoreactivity for S-100alpha, S-100beta, and wbS-100 was detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells in the germinative and intermediate layers of the central zone, but was found only in the germinative layer of the peripheral zone. I...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Liman N, Alan E, Beyaz F Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Evolution of time-coding systems in weakly electric fishes.Email this article to a colleague.
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Weakly electric fishes emit electric organ discharges (EODs) from their tail electric organs and sense feedback signals from their EODs by electroreceptors in the skin. The electric sense is utilized for various behaviors, including electrolocation, electrocommunication, and the Jamming avoidance response (JAR). For each behavior, various types of sensory Information are embedded in the transient electrical signals produced by the fish. These temporal signals are sampled, encoded, and further processed by peripheral and central neurons specialized for time coding. There are time codes for the sex or species Identities ...
Source: Zoological Science - August 31, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Kawasaki M Tags: Zoolog Sci Source Type: journals
Pharmacokinetics of emamectin benzoate administered to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., by intra-peritoneal injectionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: K A Glover, O B Samuelsen, O T Skilbrei, K Boxaspen, B T Lunestad Source Type: journals
Spermatogenesis in Boccardiella hamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan: sperm formation mechanisms as characteristics for future taxonomic revisionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Reunov, A.A., Yurchenko, O.V., Alexandrova, Y.N. and Radashevsky, V.I. 2009. Spermatogenesis in Boccardiella hamata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Sea of Japan: sperm formation mechanisms as characteristics for future taxonomic revision. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx:00[ndash]00 To characterize novel features that will be useful in the discussion and validation of the spionid polychaete Boccardiella hamata from the Sea of Japan, the successive stages of spermatogenesis were described and illustrated. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes and early spermatids are aflagellar cells that develop synchronously in clusters unite...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Arkadiy A. Reunov, Olga V. Yurchenko, Yana N. Alexandrova, Vasily I. Radashevsky Source Type: journals
Ultrastructure of the body wall of three species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)Email this article to a colleague.
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De Wit P., Erséus C. and Gustavsson L.M. (2009). Ultrastructure of the body wall of three species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae). [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx:00[ndash]00 The body wall of three species of Grania, including the cuticle, epidermis and the musculature, are studied using TEM. The cuticle is similar to previously studied enchytraeids, with an orthogonal grid pattern of collagen fibers. This pattern is also seen in Crassiclitellata, which has been suggested as the sister taxon of Enchytraeidae. Variation of epicuticular and fiber zone patterns seen in Naididae (formerly Tubificidae and ...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Pierre De Wit, Christer Erséus, Lena M. Gustavsson Source Type: journals
Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of the tail of the lizard Hemidactylus mabouia immediately following autotomyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Araújo, T.H., Faria, F.P., Katchburian, E. and Freymüller, E. (2009). Ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of the tail of the lizard Hemidactylus mabouia immediately following autotomy. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx: 00[ndash]00 Although autotomy and subsequent regeneration of lizard tails has been extensively studied, there is little information available on ultrastructural changes that occur to the muscle fibers at the site of severance. Thus, in the present study, we examine the ultrastructure of the musculature of the remaining tail stump of the lizard Hemidactylus mabouia immediately after autotomy. Our...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Tomaz Henrique Araújo, Flavio Pavla de Faria, Eduardo Katchburian, Edna Freymüller Haapalainen Source Type: journals
Biology of the solitary wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) agamemnon Richards 1934 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in trap-nestsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Buschini, M.L.T. and Fajardo, S. 2009. Biology of the solitary wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) agamemnon Richards 1934 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in trap-nests. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx: 00[ndash]00. Some Trypoxylon species build their nests in preexisting tubular cavities like hollow stems and beetle borings in branches. Study of the biology of these insects is relatively easy because the females of these wasps nest with enormous success in trap-nests. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance, seasonality and life-history of Trypoxylon agamemnon. For capture of these insects, trap-nests were instal...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Maria Luisa Tunes Buschini, Saul Fajardo Source Type: journals
Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny & EvolutionEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Acta Zoologica - August 30, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa Source Type: journals
An experimental vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)Email this article to a colleague.
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A candidate vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was developed using a bacterial lysate. To test the strength of protection, A. hydrophila challenge models were compared using injection into both the intraperitoneal (IP) cavity and the dorsal sinus (DS) with selected doses of live bacteria washed in saline or left untreated. Unlike the IP route, injection into the DS with either saline washed or unwashed cells resulted in consistent cumulative mortality and a dose response that could be used to establish a standard challenge having an LD50 of approximately 3 × 107 colony forming unit...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: S E LaPatra, K P Plant, S Alcorn, V Ostland, J Winton Source Type: journals
A single-dose pharmacokinetic study of emamectin benzoate in cod, Gadus morhua L., held in sea water at 9 °CEmail this article to a colleague.
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The pharmacokinetic profile of the antiparasitic agent emamectin benzoate was studied in plasma after intravenous (i.v.) injection and in plasma, muscle and skin following oral (p.o.) administration to cod, Gadus morhua, held in sea water at 9 °C and weighing 100[ndash]200 g. Following i.v. injection, the plasma drug concentration-time profile showed two distinct phases. The plasma distribution half-life (t1/2[alpha]) was estimated as 2.5 h, the elimination half-life (t1/2[beta]) as 216 h, the total body clearance (ClT) as 0.0059 L kg[minus]1 h[minus]1 and mean residence time (MRT) as 385 h. The volume of distribution at ...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: O B Samuelsen Source Type: journals
Prospective longitudinal studies of salmonid alphavirus infections on two Atlantic salmon farms in Ireland; evidence for viral persistenceEmail this article to a colleague.
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Prospective longitudinal studies of two outbreaks of pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon (AS), Salmo salar L., in Ireland were conducted. Both outbreaks occurred during the marine phase of production, with one caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (SAV1) and the other by SAV4. In addition to screening a range of tissues by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), virological, serological and histopathological examinations were performed along with partial genome sequencing and results were related to environmental and production data and farm history. On Farm 1 (marine sampling only), infectio...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: D A Graham, E Fringuelli, C Wilson, H M Rowley, A Brown, H Rodger, M F McLoughlin, C McManus, E Casey, L J McCarthy, N M Ruane Source Type: journals
Book reviewEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: R.J. Roberts Source Type: journals
Experimental studies confirm the wide host range of the Great Lakes viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus genotype IVbEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: R Kim, M Faisal Source Type: journals
Diets and distributions of Leach’s storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) before and after an ecosystem shift in the Northwest AtlanticEmail this article to a colleague.
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A. Hedd, W. A. Montevecchi, G. K. Davoren, and D. A. Fifield - The Grand Bank ecosystem has undergone significant shifts during the past two decades owing to oceanographic and fishing effects. Effects on upper trophic level seabirds...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - August 29, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Biomechanical variation of silk links spinning plasticity to spider web function.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we focus on variation of silk properties within different regions of cobwebs spun by the common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum. The cobweb is composed of supporting threads that function to maintain the web shape and hold spiders and prey, and of sticky gumfooted threads that adhere to insects during prey capture. Overall, structural properties, especially thread diameter, are more variable than intrinsic material properties, which may reflect past directional selection on certain silk performance. Supporting threads are thicker and able to bear higher loads, both before deforming permanently and bef...
Source: Zoology - August 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Boutry C, Blackledge TA Tags: Zoology (Jena) Source Type: journals
How to crack nuts: acquisition process in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) observing a model.Email this article to a colleague.
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Stone tool use for nut cracking consists of placing a hard-shelled nut onto a stone anvil and then cracking the shell open by pounding it with a stone hammer to get to the kernel. We investigated the acquisition of tool use for nut cracking in a group of captive chimpanzees to clarify what kind of understanding of the tools and actions will lead to the acquisition of this type of tool use in the presence of a skilled model. A human experimenter trained a male chimpanzee until he mastered the use of a hammer and anvil stone to crack open macadamia nuts. He was then put in a nut-cracking situation together with his group...
Source: Animal Cognition - August 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hirata S, Morimura N, Houki C Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Selfish strategies develop in social problem situations in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) mother-infant pairs.Email this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we tested chimpanzee mother-infant pairs in two adjacent booths, each equipped with a vending machine. When a token was inserted into a vending machine, the vending machine delivered food rewards to the adjacent booth. In experiment 1, a partition between the two booths was open. In experiment 2, the partition was closed and a mother and her infant were placed in separate booths, so that reciprocal cooperation was essential for them to receive rewards. The participants did not cooperate reciprocally in either experiment. In experiment 1, the chimpanzees developed selfish tactics to get rewards and changed th...
Source: Animal Cognition - August 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Yamamoto S, Tanaka M Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
The chimpanzee mind: in search of the evolutionary roots of the human mind.Email this article to a colleague.
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The year 2008 marks the 60th anniversary of Japanese primatology. Kinji Imanishi (1902-1992) first visited Koshima island in 1948 to study wild Japanese monkeys, and to explore the evolutionary origins of human society. This year is also the 30th anniversary of the Ai project: the chimpanzee Ai first touched the keyboard connected to a computer system in 1978. This paper summarizes the historical background of the Ai project, whose principal aim is to understand the evolutionary origins of the human mind. The present paper also aims to present a theoretical framework for the discipline called comparative cognitive scie...
Source: Animal Cognition - August 28, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Matsuzawa T Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Effects of Predation Threat on the Structure and Benefits from Vacancy Chains in the Hermit Crab Pagurus bernhardusEmail this article to a colleague.
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Vacancy chains occur when individuals occupy discrete re-useable resource units, which once abandoned by the current owner can then be occupied by a new owner. In order to enter the newly vacated resource the new owner must first vacate its current resource unit, such that a vacancy chain consists of a series of linked moves between resource units of different value, equivalent to different 'strata' in the chain. Vacancy chains may represent an important route by which resources are distributed through populations. Indeed, the arrival of a new resource has the potential to initiate a series of moves propagating beyond the ...
Source: Ethology - August 26, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Mark Briffa, Mark Austin Source Type: journals
Particle capture in ciliary filter-feeding gymnolaemate and phylactolaemate bryozoans – a comparative studyEmail this article to a colleague.
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Riisgård, H.U., Okamura, B. and Funch, P. 2009. Particle capture in ciliary filter-feeding gymnolaemate and phylactolaemate bryozoans [ndash] a comparative study. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) xx: 00[ndash]00. We studied particle capture using video-microscopy in two gymnolaemates, the marine cheilostome Electra pilosa and the freshwater ctenostome Paludicella articulata, and three phylactolaemates, Fredericella sultana with a circular funnel-shaped lophophore, and Cristatella mucedo and Lophophus crystallinus, both with a horseshoe-shaped lophophore. The video-microscope observations along with studies of lophophore ...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 25, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Hans Ulrik Riisgård, Beth Okamura, Peter Funch Source Type: journals
Effect of fatty acids added to the milk replacer on white scour and excretion of fatty acids in Holstein calvesEmail this article to a colleague.
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In order to examine the relationship between white scour and fatty acids, we added fatty acids to the milk replacer. Twenty healthy Holstein calves were divided into 4 groups, five calves per group; a control group with no fortified fatty acid, and 3 groups fed either with oleic, stearic, or palmitic acid, respectively. The calves were fed milk replacer (5% of the calf's body weight) twice a day but the fatty acids (2 wt % of milk replacer) were added only once. The fecal and blood samples were obtained at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after feeding of the acids. All five calves in the palmitic acid group, and 3 out of 5 calves ...
Source: Animal Science Journal - August 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Keiji OKADA, Yoshie GOTO, Takehiro FURUKAWA, Kentaro IKUTA, Jun YASUDA Source Type: journals
First record of the brachiopod Lingulella waptaensis with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess ShaleEmail this article to a colleague.
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Pettersson Stolk, S., Holmer, L.E. and Caron, J-B. 2009: First record of the brachiopod Lingulella waptaensis with pedicle from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. [mdash]Acta Zoologica (Stockholm). The organophosphatic shells of linguloid brachiopods are a common component of normal Cambrian[ndash]Ordovician shelly assemblages. Preservation of linguloid soft-part anatomy, however, is extremely rare, and restricted to a few species in Lower Cambrian Konservat Lagerstätten. Such remarkable occurrences provide unique insights into the biology and ecology of early linguloids that are not available from the study of shells alo...
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sandra Pettersson Stolk, Lars Erik Holmer, Jean-Bernard Caron Source Type: journals
Heat shock protein patterns in the bovine ovary and relation with cystic ovarian disease.Email this article to a colleague.
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This study supports earlier observations suggesting that aberrant HSP gene expression, observed in cells of the cystic follicles, is probably associated with the intra-ovarian component of COD pathogenesis.
PMID: 19744807 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - August 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Velazquez MM, Alfaro NS, Dupuy CR, Salvetti NR, Rey F, Ortega HH Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Description of semen characteristics from six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) collected by electroejaculation.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, semen from six-banded armadillos can be efficiently obtained by electroejaculation. The characteristics of semen collected by electroejaculation in six-banded armadillos provide background information that may be useful for assisted breeding programs in the members of the Xenarthra family.
PMID: 19748749 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - August 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Serafim MK, Lira RA, Costa LL, Gadelha IC, Freitas CI, Silva AR Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Cholesterol addition protects membrane intactness during cryopreservation of stallion sperm.Email this article to a colleague.
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The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of adding cholesterol to stallion sperm prior to freezing, and subsequently removing it from frozen-thawed sperm. Semen from 12 stallions was subjected to four treatments: (T1) control, semen was diluted with Kenney extender, centrifuged, and resuspended to 100x10(6)spermatozoa/mL in INRA 82 freezing extender, packaged into 0.5-mL straws, cooled to 5 degrees C, and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen; (T2) T1 with the addition of cholesterol before cooling (the cholesterol was incorporated to the sperm membranes with the methyl-beta-cyclodextrin-cholesterol compl...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - August 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Oliveira CH, Vasconcelos AB, Souza FA, Martins-Filho OA, Silva MX, Varago FC, Lagares MA Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Probability of pregnancy as affected by oestrus number and days to first oestrus in dairy cows of three breeds and parities.Email this article to a colleague.
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An improved understanding of the animal factors that affect measures such as conception rate would contribute to solving the problem of impaired reproductive performance in modern dairy cows. A question of particular interest relates to the observed improvement in conception rates from first to second and third oestrus cycle: is the increase in conception rate related to cycle number per se or to increasing days from calving? A 5-year study using three breeds (Holstein, Jersey and Danish Red) allowed this issue to be examined. In 560 lactations, from calving until confirmed pregnancy or until 290 days after calving all...
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - August 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Friggens NC, Labouriau R Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Role of visual barriers on mitigation of interspecific interference competition between native and non-native salmonid speciesEmail this article to a colleague.
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Koh Hasegawa and Koji Maekawa - Interspecific competition is a mechanism by which native salmonids can be replaced by non-native species. According to the two-species Lotka - Volterra competition model, replacement of the...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - August 24, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Phasing of muscle gene expression with fasting-induced recovery growth in Atlantic salmonEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
Early responses to refeeding in fasted salmon included the synthesis of triacylglycerols and activation of the adipogenic differentiation program. Inhibition of MuRF1 and MAFbx respectively may result in decreased degradation and concomitant increased production of myofibrillar proteins. Both of these processes preceded any increase in expression of myogenic regulatory factors and IGF-I. These responses could be a necessary strategy for an animal adapted to long periods of food deprivation whereby energy reserves are replenished prior to the resumption of myogenesis.
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - August 23, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Neil BowerRichard TaylorIan Johnston Source Type: journals
Strongly female-biased sex allocation in a trivoltine population of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) opacum Brèthes (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)Email this article to a colleague.
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This study was carried in southern Brazil from December 2001 to December 2004. The aim of this paper is to provide additional information on the life-history and sex allocation of this little known species. This wasp's species has two alternative life histories: either they pupated immediately and emerged as adults later in the same season (direct development) or they entered diapause, overwintering and pupating the following spring (delayed development). The numerical sex ratio of overwintering and of direct developing wasps were strongly female biased in 2002, 2003 and 2004.
Source: Acta Zoologica - August 22, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Maria Luisa Tunes Buschini, Antonio Carlos Bragato Bergamaschi Source Type: journals
Selenoprotein N is dynamically expressed during mouse development and detected early in muscle precursorsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Conclusion:
We characterized for the first time the expression pattern of Sepn1 during mammalian embryogenesis and we demonstrated that its differential expression is most likely dependent on major post-transcriptional regulations. Overall, our data strongly suggest a potential role for selenoprotein N from mid-gestation stages to the perinatal period. Interestingly, its specific expression pattern could be related to the current hypothesis that selenoprotein N may regulate the activity of the ryanodine receptors.
Source: BMC Developmental Biology - Latest articles - August 21, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Perrine CastetsSvetlana MaugenreCorine GartiouxMathieu RederstorffAlain KrolAlain LescureShahragim TajbakhshValerie AllamandPascale Guicheney Source Type: journals
Auditory-visual intermodal matching based on individual recognition in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).Email this article to a colleague.
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The ability to recognize familiar individuals with different sensory modalities plays an important role in animals living in complex physical and social environments. Individual recognition of familiar individuals was studied in a female chimpanzee named Pan. In previous studies, Pan learned an auditory-visual intermodal matching task (AVIM) consisting of matching vocal samples with the facial pictures of corresponding vocalizers (humans and chimpanzees). The goal of this study was to test whether Pan was able to generalize her AVIM ability to new sets of voice and face stimuli, including those of three infant chimpanz...
Source: Animal Cognition - August 21, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Martinez L, Matsuzawa T Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Intensive infestations of Sciaenocotyle pancerii (Monogenea, Microcotylidae) on Argyrosomus regius (Asso) under fish-farming conditionsEmail this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: S Ternengo, S Agostini, Y Quilichini, L Euzet, B Marchand Source Type: journals
Audience effects in the Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana)-prudent male mate choice in response to perceived sperm competition risk?Email this article to a colleague.
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Conclusions:
When comparing the two 'non-specific sperm competition risk' treatments (2 and 3), a very strong effect was found only when the audience male could actually observe the focal male during mate choice in treatment (2). This suggests that focal males indeed attempt to conceal their mating preferences in the visual presence of other males so as to avoid mate choice copying. When there is no potential for eavesdropping [treatment (3)], non-specific specific sperm competition risk seems to play a minor or no role. Congruent with studies on other poeciliid species, our results also show that P. mexicana males respond...
Source: Frontiers in Zoology - August 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Madlen ZiegeKristin MahlowCarmen Hennige-SchulzClaudia KronmarckRalph TiedemannBruno StreitMartin Plath Source Type: journals
Leaf-tool use for drinking water by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): acquisition patterns and handedness.Email this article to a colleague.
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Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are known to make and use a variety of tools, activities which require them to employ their hands in a skilful manner. The learning process underlying the acquisition of tool-using skills, and the degree of laterality evident in both immature and mature performers are investigated here focusing on the use of leaves for drinking water by members of the Bossou chimpanzee community in Guinea, West Africa. In addition, comparisons are drawn between the present findings and our previous data on the cracking of oil-palm nuts (Elaeis guineensis) using stone tools by members of the same community....
Source: Animal Cognition - August 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Sousa C, Biro D, Matsuzawa T Tags: Anim Cogn Source Type: journals
Effect of Vitamin E supplementation on semen quality and the testicular cell membranal and mitochondrial antioxidant abilities in Aohan fine-wool sheep.Email this article to a colleague.
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In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that that supplementing Vitamin E can have a positive role in improving semen quality via protecting testicular cell membrane and mitochondria from antioxidant abilities. However, the optimal level of Vitamin supplement has still to be determined.
PMID: 19733455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Animal Reproduction Science - August 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: Yue D, Yan L, Luo H, Xu X, Jin X Tags: Anim Reprod Sci Source Type: journals
Conifer-seed preferences of small mammalsEmail this article to a colleague.
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N. Lobo, M. Duong, and J. S. Millar - The preferences of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)), southern red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)), heather vole (Phenacomys intermedius Merriam, 1889), long-tailed vole...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - August 20, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Antigenic differences of the scuticociliate Miamiensis avidus from JapanEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we elucidated the antigenic differences between six Japanese M. avidus isolates as an initial step toward developing an effective vaccine against the disease. Four Japanese flounder isolates (IyoI, Nakajima, JF05To and Mie0301 isolates), one spotted knifejaw, Oplegnathus punctatus, isolate (SK05Kyo), and one ridged-eye flounder, Pleuronichthys cornutus, isolate (RF05To) were subjected to serological analysis. Antisera against IyoI, SK05Kyo, Nakajima and Mie0301 isolates were raised in rabbits and used for immobilization assays and Western blotting. Immobilization assays showed that the six isolates could be ...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: J-Y Song, K Sasaki, T Okada, M Sakashita, H Kawakami, S Matsuoka, H-S Kang, K Nakayama, S-J Jung, M-J Oh, S-I Kitamura Source Type: journals
Challenge studies of European stocks of redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virusEmail this article to a colleague.
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A challenge model for comparison of the virulence of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) to European stocks of redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was tested. The model investigated intraperitoneal (IP), bath and cohabitation routes at 10, 15 and 20 °C for 5[ndash]6 g fish and 15 °C for 20 g perch. In the IP challenges of perch, significant mortality occurred at 15 °C and 20 °C. In challenge trials for rainbow trout, significant mortalities were observed in IP and bath challenges at 20 °C. The mortality observed in IP challenged 20 g perch was not significan...
Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: E Ariel, B Bang Jensen Source Type: journals
Intramyocardial dissecting haemorrhage in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)Email this article to a colleague.
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Source: Journal of Fish Diseases - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: T Poppe, B Tørud Source Type: journals
Pheomelanin‐Based Coloration and the Ability to Cope with Variation in Food Supply and ParasitismEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Although gene by environment interactions may play a key role in the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms, little is known about the ecological factors involved in these interactions. We investigated whether food supply and parasites can mediate covariation between the degree of adult pheomelanin‐based coloration, a heritable trait, and offspring body mass in the tawny owl (Strix aluco). We swapped clutches between nests to allocate genotypes randomly among environments. Three weeks after hatching, we challenged the immune system of 80...
Source: The American Naturalist - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
The Consequences of Spatial Structure for the Evolution of Pathogen Transmission Rate and VirulenceEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: The distribution of organisms in space can be an important mediator of species interactions, but its evolutionary effects on those interactions are only beginning to be explored. These effects may be especially relevant to pathogen‐host interactions. A detailed understanding of how and when spatial structure will affect the evolution of pathogen traits is likely to aid our ability to control rapidly emerging infectious diseases. Here we review a growing body of theoretical studies suggesting that spatial structure can lead to the evolu...
Source: The American Naturalist - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Synthesis Source Type: journals
Recruitment in Tropical Tree Species: Revealing Complex Spatial PatternsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Seed dispersal should leave a signature on the spatial distribution of recruits that can be quantified using sophisticated techniques of spatial pattern analysis. Here we study spatial patterns of five frugivore‐dispersed tropical tree species at the Barro Colorado Island forest, Panama, to describe detailed properties of the spatial patterns of recruits and to investigate whether these patterns were produced by temporally consistent mechanisms. Our spatial point pattern analyses detected the existence of surprising spatial structures,...
Source: The American Naturalist - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article ‐Article Source Type: journals
Seasonal Clines of Evolutionarily Stable Reproductive Effort in InsectsEmail this article to a colleague.
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In this study, we analyzed variation in adult life histories in insects along a climatic gradient. The analyzed trait is reproductive effort (resource allocation to reproduction). We begin by formalizing the trade‐off between current reproduction and subsequent survival generated by reproductive effort. It appeared that reproductive effort is correlated positively with early fecundity and negatively with lifetime fecundity and life span. Then, deriving from that trade‐off, we analyze the evolutionary stability of different schedules of age‐specific fecundity that are generated by divergent reproductive effort. The an...
Source: The American Naturalist - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
Orientation and dispersal of hatchling Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) from experimental nestsEmail this article to a colleague.
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M. J. Pappas, J. D. Congdon, B. J. Brecke, and J. D. Capps - We determined initial dispersal directions of 1052 naïve and 278 experienced hatchling Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838)) in experimental arenas in a variety of...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Stable hydrogen isotope (δD) values in songbird nestlings: effects of diet, temperature, and body sizeEmail this article to a colleague.
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Gustavo S. Betini, Keith A. Hobson, Leonard I. Wassenaar, and D. Ryan Norris - Stable hydrogen isotopes (δD) can be a powerful tool for estimating the large-scale movements of animals, but the cause and extent of isotopic variation within...
Source: Canadian Journal of Zoology - August 19, 2009 Category: Zoology Source Type: journals
Parthenogenesis Maintains Male Sterility in a Gynodioecious OrchidEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: The invasion of male‐sterile (female) individuals into hermaphroditic populations, leading to gynodioecy, is common in flowering plants. Both theoretical and empirical studies have shown that as the frequency of females increases in a population, pollen limitation reduces seed production more in females than in hermaphrodites, leading to higher fitness for hermaphrodites and a consequent decrease in female frequency. Here we show that contrary to this expectation, females of the gynodioecious orchid Satyrium ciliatum are maintained onl...
Source: The American Naturalist - August 18, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Natural History Note Source Type: journals
Socially Mediated Trade‐Offs between Aggression and Parental Effort in Competing Color MorphsEmail this article to a colleague.
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The American Naturalist, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 000, Latest Articles.
Abstract: Individuals often face trade‐offs between investment in parental care and alternative investments of time, energy, and resources into other life‐history components, such as dominance, attractiveness, and health. Selection is thought to promote the optimal balance between the costs and the benefits of these conflicting activities by favoring individuals that adopt different tactics to maximize their overall evolutionary fitness in different environments. To test this, we experimentally manipulate both aggression (i.e., competitive env...
Source: The American Naturalist - August 18, 2009 Category: Zoology Tags: article Source Type: journals
The vertebral formula of the last common ancestor of African apes and humans.Email this article to a colleague.
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The modal number of lumbar vertebrae in modern humans is five. It varies between three and four in extant African apes (mean=3.5). Because both chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) possess the same distributions of thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae, it has been assumed from parsimony that the last common ancestor (LCA) of African apes and humans possessed a similarly short lower back. This "short-backed LCA" scenario has recently been viewed favorably in an analysis of the intra- and interspecific variation in axial formulas observed among African apes and humans (Pilbeam, 2004. J Exp Zool ...
Source: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B. Molecular and Developmental Evolution - August 16, 2009 Category: Zoology Authors: McCollum MA, Rosenman BA, Suwa G, Meindl RS, Lovejoy CO Tags: J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol Source Type: journals
