MedWorm: Adenocarcinoma

Initial results of a randomized controlled trial comparing clinical and pathological downstaging of rectal cancer after preoperative short‐course radiotherapy or long‐term chemoradiotherapy, both with delayed surgery

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:04 +0100

Conclusion Long‐course preoperative chemoradiation resulted in greater statistically significant tumour downsizing and downstaging compared with short‐term radiation, but there was no difference in the R0 resection rates. Similar postoperative morbidity was observed in each group. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

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Does preoperative therapy optimize outcomes in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer?

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:14:09 +0100

The objective of this study was to compare survival between all patients with radiographically resectable adenocarcinoma of the proximal pancreas who underwent preoperative chemoradiation therapy (PRE‐OP CRT) or surgical exploration first (SURGERY) with “intention to resect.” Pancreatic cancer patients who undergo resection after PREOP CRT live longer than patients who undergo resection without PREOP CRT, a difference that may be attributable to patient selection. We retrospectively identified 236 patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma seen between 1999 and 2007 with sufficient data to be confirmed medically and radiographically resectable. The outcomes of 144 patients who underwent PREOP CRT were compared to those of 92 patients who proceeded straight to SURGERY. The groups we...

London Cancer New Drugs Group Rapid Review:Erlotinib for the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutation

NeLM - Drug Specific Reviews — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: London Cancer New Drugs Group Area: Evidence > Drug Specific Reviews Current NICE-approved first-line treatments for patients with NSCLC who have EGFR activating mutations include platinum-doublet chemotherapy (mainly gemcitabine plus cisplatin or carboplatin in the UK), gefitinib, and pemetrexed plus cisplatin (for adenocarcinoma or large-cell carcinoma only). Erlotinib has recently had its license extended to include the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations. In the European registration Phase III study (EURTAC), erlotinib at a dose of 150mg daily continued until disease progression (or unacceptable toxicity) resulted in a PFS gain of 4.5 months compared to standard chemotherapy; survi...

Malignant intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm of the common bile duct.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract Recently, several cases of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) of the liver and hepatic bile ducts have been reported. The author herein reports the first case of IOPN of the common bile duct (CBD). A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of jaundice. Imaging modalities including US, CT, MRI revealed an intraductal tumor of the middle CBD and biliary dilation distal to the tumor. A partial resection of the CBD was performed. Grossly, a papillary tumor measuring 20 × 15 mm was found within the CBD. Mucus is absent. Histologically, the papillary tumor was composed of atypical oncocytes. The atypia was enough to be diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. No invasive features were noted. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive fo...

Clinicopathologic study of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a case report.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

We report herein a first case of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid carcinoma in a 51-year old woman in Chinese population. We performed immunoperoxidase studies for 12 markers. Among them, cytokeratins, keratin 7, keratin 18, EMA, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vimentin show significantly differential expression between differentiated and undifferentiated area. PMID: 22295150 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Pathologic observations of the duodenum in 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in a single Japanese hospital: II. malignant lesions.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author investigated histopathology of 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in our pathology laboratory in Japan. A computer review of the duodenal specimens was done. In cases of malignancy, histological slides were reviewed. The duodenal specimens were composed of 567 benign lesions (92%) and 48 malignant lesions (8%). The 48 malignant lesions were composed of 20 cases (42%) of primary adenocarcinoma, 10 cases (21%) of primary adenocarcinoma of ampulla Vater, 4 cases (8%) of primary squamous cell carcinoma, 1 (2%) cases of primary spindle cell carcinoma, 4 (8%) cases of carcinoid tumors, 1 (2%) case of malignant lymphoma, and 8 cases (17%) of secondary carcinoma from the pancreatic carcinoma or bile duct carcinoma. The primary adenocarcinoma (n=20) was...

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London Cancer New Drugs Group Rapid Review: Folfirinox for first line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer

NeLM - Drug Specific Reviews — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: London Cancer New Drugs Group Area: Evidence > Drug Specific Reviews Currently, FOLFIRINOX is the only combination regimen that has demonstrated a statistical and clinical survival benefit over gemcitabine. The phase III study reported a 4.3 month survival benefit over gemcitabine (11.1 vs. 6.8 months) in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and good ECOG performance status, no cardiac ischaemia, and normal or nearly normal bilirubin levels. However, this was at the expense of increased toxicity, including higher rates of febrile neutropenia. (Source: NeLM - Drug Specific Reviews)

Essential role of gastric gland mucin in preventing gastric cancer in mice

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Gastric gland mucin secreted from the lower portion of the gastric mucosa contains unique O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) having terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (αGlcNAc). Previously, we identified human α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT), which is responsible for the O-glycan biosynthesis and characterized αGlcNAc function in suppressing Helicobacter pylori in vitro. In the present study, we engineered A4gnt–/– mice to better understand its role in vivo. A4gnt–/– mice showed complete lack of αGlcNAc expression in gastric gland mucin. Surprisingly, all the mutant mice developed gastric adenocarcinoma through a hyperplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in the absence of H. pylori...

Radiation port dermatophytosis: Tinea corporis occurring at the site of irradiated skin.

Dermatol Online J — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:54:18 +0100

Authors: Casamiquela KM, Cohen PR Abstract Radiation port dermatophytosis is the occurrence of tinea corporis within the area of radiation therapy delivery. A 68-year-old man, while receiving proton beam radiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate, developed a dermatophyte infection in the area of the radiotherapy port. Including this patient, 4 patients with radiation port dermatophytosis have been reported in the world literature. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, histopathology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of this condition are discussed. The diagnosis of radiation port dermatophytosis may be missed because it is misinterpreted as radiation-induced dermatitis. Thus, it is possible that radiation port dermatophytosis may be more prevalent in patients receivin...

The role of molecular diagnostics in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Ozretić L, Heukamp LC, Odenthal M, Buettner R Abstract The field of molecular diagnostics has improved our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of malignant alteration, especially in lung cancer which remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other molecules linked to the EGFR signaling pathway has been extensively studied, and they have become the target of new, specific therapies in lung adenocarcinomas. Similarly, the amplification of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene described in squamous cell lung carcinomas has opened new possibilities for molecular targeted therapy. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have made possible an even more accurate dete...

Aggressive Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Mucinous Appendiceal Neoplasms

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:20 +0100

Conclusions Aggressive management of PC from mucinous appendiceal neoplasms, by experienced surgeons, to achieve complete cytoreduction provides long-term survival with low major morbidity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-8DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2241-6Authors Frances Austin, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAArun Mavanur, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAMagesh Sathaiah, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAJennifer Steel, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USADiana Lenzner, Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USALekshmi Ramali...

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Importance of Histologic Subtype in the Staging of Appendiceal Tumors

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:18 +0100

Conclusions Histologic subtype is an important predictor of disease-specific survival and overall survival in patients with appendiceal neoplasms. Addition of the histologic subtype to the TNM staging is simple and may improve prognostication. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2238-1Authors Kiran K. Turaga, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USASam G. Pappas, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USAT. Clark Gamblin, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Journal Annals of Surgical OncologyOnline ISSN 1534-4681Print ISSN 1068-9265 (Source: Annals of Surgical Oncology)

The microRNAs, MiR‐31 and MiR‐375, as candidate markers in Barrett's esophageal carcinogenesis

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThere is a critical need to identify molecular markers that can reliably aid in stratifying esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk in patients with Barrett's esophagus. MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) are one such class of biomolecules. In the present cross‐sectional study, we characterized miRNA alterations in progressive stages of neoplastic development, i.e., metaplasia–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma, with an aim to identify candidate miRNAs potentially associated with progression. Using next generation sequencing (NGS) as an agnostic discovery platform, followed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) validation in a total of 20 EACs, we identified 26 miRNAs that are highly and frequently deregulated in EACs (≥4‐fold in >50% of cases) when compared to paired normal esophageal squamou...

Contribution of germline mutations to PARK2 gene inactivation in lung adenocarcinoma

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractHomozygous germline mutations of the PARK2 gene are responsible for the development of early‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Homozygous PARK2 mutations have been also detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). However, since heterozygous PARK2 germline mutations are present in a subset of non‐PD individuals, the timing for the occurrence of two‐hit PARK2 mutations in LADC progression is unclear. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed mutations, expression and copy number variations of the PARK2 gene in 267 primary LADCs together with the corresponding noncancerous lung cells and 39 LADC cell lines. Heterozygous germline exonic deletions were detected in five patients with LADC, and loss of heterozygosity including the PARK2 locus was detected in 31/267 (11.6%) LADCs. However, ho...

Factors influencing survival in patients undergoing palliative bypass for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsIn a cohort of patients undergoing a palliative bypass procedure, specific peri‐operative factors can be used to identify patients who are at risk of early mortality. These factors may be helpful in selecting appropriate interventions for this group of patients. J. Surg. Oncol © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Recruitment of histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 by the transcriptional repressor ZEB1 downregulates E-cadherin expression in pancreatic cancer

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions These findings imply an important role for histone deacetylation in the downregulation of E-cadherin in human pancreatic cancer. Recruitment of HDACs to the CDH1 promoter is regulated by the transcription factor ZEB1, and inhibition of HDACs may be a promising antitumour therapy for pancreatic cancer. (Source: Gut)

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and acinar cells: a matter of differentiation and development?

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has long been considered to arise from pancreatic ducts on the basis of its morphology, the occurrence of dysplasia in putative preneoplastic ductal lesions, and the absence of acinar dysplasia in the pancreas of patients with PDAC. However, evidence gathered through both in vitro studies and—more importantly—genetic mouse models of PDAC shows that ductal-type tumours can arise from acinar cells. These findings raise new important questions related to PDAC pathophysiology and call for in-depth studies of acinar cell differentiation in order to better understand PDAC biology. The authors review these issues and discuss how the novel findings should impact on future work aiming at early diagnosis and improved outcome of patients with PDAC. ...

Pulmonary TB linked to EGFR mutations in lung cancer

MedWire News - Infectious Diseases — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 22:48:04 +0100

A history of pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with a higher incidence of mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, researchers report in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology. (Source: MedWire News - Infectious Diseases)

A phase II trial of Erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced pancreatic cancer

Investigational New Drugs — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:11 +0100

Conclusion The triple regimen of GPT is effective for APC. Treatment-related mortalities factored early closure of this GPT protocol. Considering effect and toxicity, this triple regimen seems to offer few benefits to the patients compared with gemcitabine-based doublets. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00922896). Content Type Journal ArticleCategory PHASE II STUDIESPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10637-012-9792-zAuthors In Gyu Hwang, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 224 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaJoung-Soon Jang, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 224 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of KoreaSung Yong Oh, Department of Medicine, Dong-A University College of Med...

Mutant allele specific imbalance modulates prognostic impact of KRAS mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma and is associated with worse overall survival

International Journal of Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:05:25 +0100

AbstractThe prognostic impact of distinct KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinomas is not fully characterized. We hypothesized that the prognostic impact of KRAS mutations is modulated by KRAS mutant allele specific imbalance (MASI). KRAS MASI was assessed by sequencing electropherograms in KRAS‐mutated colorectal carcinomas (N = 394, prospectively tested). The mechanism of KRAS MASI was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (N = 50). FISH showed that KRAS MASI developed by chromosome 12 hyperploidy (9/18, 50%) or KRAS amplification (1/18, 5.5%). KRAS MASI was more common in tumors with KRAS codon 13 than with codon 12 mutations (24/81, 30% vs. 54/313, 17%; odds ratio [OR], 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 – 3.5; P = 0.01). KRAS MASI was correlated with overall surv...

Transforming growth factor‐β impairs glucocorticoid activity in the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line

British Journal of Pharmacology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Implications. We have identified that TGF‐β impairs glucocorticoid responses in the A549 and BEAS‐2B cell lines.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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Hyalinizing clear cell adenocarcinoma of the oropharynx

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionImmunohistochemical staining is essential for narrowing the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Treatment is controversial but usually consists of wide local excision and possibly a neck dissection. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Expressions of GRP78 and Bax associate with differentiation, metastasis, and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Molecular Biology Reports — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sun Q, Hua J, Wang Q, Xu W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Kang J, Li M Abstract The purpose of this study was to detect the expressions of GRP78 and Bax in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, to analyze their correlations with carcinogenesis and the development of NSCLC, and to investigate the relationship of GRP78 expression to metastasis and apoptosis in the NSCLC cell line HCC827. The positive expression rates of GRP78 and Bax in NSCLC lung tissues were 59.7% and 34.7% by RT-PCR, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than that in the relatively normal surrounding lung tissues (p < 0.05); the lesser the degree of tumor differentiation was, the higher the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 ...

The decreased expression of Beclin-1 correlates with progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma: The role of deoxycholic acid.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Roesly HB, Khan MR, Chen HD, Hill KA, Narendran N, Watts GS, Chen X, Dvorak K Abstract Beclin-1 has a central role in the regulation of autophagy. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with a significantly increased risk for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In the current study, we evaluated the role of Beclin-1 and autophagy in the esophageal carcinogenesis. Biopsies obtained from patients with BE and EAC, tissues from a rat model of BE and EAC, and esophageal cell lines were evaluated for the expression of Beclin-1 by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, or RT-PCR. Since reflux of bile acids is important in esophageal carcinogenesis, we also evaluated the effect of exposure to deoxycholic acid (DCA) on autophagy and Beclin-1 expression. Beclin-1 expr...

Activation of a Tip60/E2F1/ERCC1 network in human lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to cisplatin

Carcinogenesis — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The Tip60 and E2F1 proteins are key players of the cellular response induced by genotoxic stresses. Here, new insights into the involvement of both proteins during the DNA damage response are provided. We show that Tip60 interacts with E2F1 and promotes its acetylation. We identify the lysine residues 120/125 of the E2F1 protein as the prime target sites of Tip60 and show that acetylation at these sites promotes the accumulation of E2F1. Importantly, we demonstrate that cisplatin induces the accumulation of E2F1 in a Tip60-dependent manner. However, and in contrast to PCAF and p300, Tip60 is not required for the induction of apoptosis in cisplatin-treated cells. Instead, Tip60 and E2F1 are involved in the upregulation of the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 protein expression,...

Androgenic suppression combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma: a systematic review

BMC Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Based on the findings of this systematic review, the evidence supports the use of androgen suppression with goserelin monotherapy as the standard treatment for patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy, which are at high risk of recurrence or metastases. (Source: BMC Cancer)

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Clinicopathological significance of non-small cell lung cancer with high prevalence of Oct-4 tumor cells

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, even in the context of vulnerable MVD status and VEGF expression, overexpression of Oct-4 in tumor tissue represents a prognostic factor in primary NSCLC patients. Oct-4 may maintain NSCLC cells in a poorly differentiated state through a mechanism that depends on promoting cell proliferation. (Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research)

Small non‐mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase immunoreactivity: A novel ALK fusion gene?

Cancer Science — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4–ALK) and kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B)–ALK are newly identified transforming fusion oncogenes causing non‐small‐cell lung cancers. These molecular abnormalities have become detectable using not only molecular biological methods, but also highly sensitive immunohistochemistry. During the immunohistochemical study of ALK expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung, we unexpectedly discovered that a small bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) showed strong ALK immunoreactivity. However, FISH studies failed to reveal EML4–ALK and KIF5B–ALK fusion genes in this BAC. These findings suggest the possibility that a novel or unknown ALK fusion gene plays a crucial role in BAC development. (Cancer Sci 2...

Cytopathology of cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma: a report of two cases

Cytopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Cytopathology)

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of mucinous adenocarcinoma: Arborizing Stromal Meshwork Fragments as a Diagnostic Clue

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the cytopathologic findings of a case of metastatic signet‐ring cell carcinoma with abundant extracellular mucin production in the mediastinal lymph nodes of a 41‐year‐old woman, who presented with nausea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Imaging studies showed a renal mass, numerous lung nodules, and mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. EBUS‐TBNA of level 4R and 7 lymph nodes showed abundant, thick, “clean” mucus with entrapped ciliated bronchial cells, rare histiocytes, and fragments of cartilage. No neoplastic cells could be identified in Diff‐Quik®‐stained smears during the rapid on‐site evaluation, but rare signet‐ring cells were identified in the Papanicolaou‐stained smears and cellblock sections. A distinctive feature of the aspirates was...

Clostridium septicum Aortitis With Associated Sigmoid Colon Adenocarcinoma

Annals of Vascular Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report an unusual case of Clostridium septicum aortitis with associated adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. An 87-year-old man with multiple medical comorbidities presented with a 1-week history of severe abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant of his abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography showed, in addition to a mass in the sigmoid colon, a gas density within the wall of the abdominal aorta with extensive periaortic fat stranding and some additional gas densities in the proximal left common iliac artery. The patient refused surgery, and was treated with intravenous antibiotics. He died 5 weeks later. The development of Clostridium septicum aortitis, an extremely rare but life-threatening infection, is highly associated with an underlying colonic malignancy and demands immediate sur...

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Increased lung cancer risk among bricklayers in an Italian population‐based case–control study

American Journal of Industrial Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsOur findings provide additional evidence of increased lung cancer risk in Italian bricklayers. The association is plausible because they are exposed to several carcinogens, notably crystalline silica. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine)

De novo discovery of mutated driver pathways in cancer [METHOD]

Genome Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Next-generation DNA sequencing technologies are enabling genome-wide measurements of somatic mutations in large numbers of cancer patients. A major challenge in the interpretation of these data is to distinguish functional "driver mutations" important for cancer development from random "passenger mutations." A common approach for identifying driver mutations is to find genes that are mutated at significant frequency in a large cohort of cancer genomes. This approach is confounded by the observation that driver mutations target multiple cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Thus, each cancer patient may exhibit a different combination of mutations that are sufficient to perturb these pathways. This mutational heterogeneity presents a problem for predicting driver mutations solely from...

Inhibition of NF‐ κB Activity by Minor Polar Components of Extra‐Virgin Olive Oil at Gastric Level

Phytotherapy Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The present work evaluates the effect of olive oil phenols on NF‐κB activity in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The total phenol content was measured by the Folin Ciocalteu method, whereas the composition was assessed by LC‐MS/MS analysis. Secoiridoids represented 71% and 83% of the Italian and Spanish extracts, respectively, phenol alcohols were in the range 9–13%. Ligustroside aglycone was the most abundant (37% and 46%, respectively, in the Italian and Spanish sample), and the concentration of flavonoids AP and LU was below 1%. Phenol extracts were assayed at 0.25–7.5 µg/mL, whereas single compounds were at 0.5–25 µ m. Both the extracts inhibited the NF‐κB driven transcription in a concentration‐dependent manner: IC50 for the Italian and the Spanish extract wer...

Piperonal ciprofloxacin hydrazone induces growth arrest and apoptosis of human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:QNT4 induced the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells via inhibiting topoisomerase II activity and modulating mitochondrial-dependent pathways. PMID: 22301863 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica)

Pancreatic incidentalomas

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

are defined as asymptomatic pancreatic lesions, discovered incidentally by imaging for an unrelated indication. They are being discovered with increasing frequency as the use of high quality cross sectional imaging is becoming more widespread. These lesions cover a wide spectrum of pathology from benign simple cysts through potentially malignant lesions such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia, to frankly malignant adenocarcinoma. In this article we outline the incidence, imaging characteristics and natural history of the various incidental lesions with emphasis to neuroendocrine tumors. A diagnostic approach is also suggested, including the rational use of further imaging, serum biochemistry and the utility of ultrasound guided aspiration of cyst fluid if present. We examine seve...

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Breast cancer resistance protein expression is associated with early recurrence and decreased survival in resectable pancreatic cancer patients

Pathology International — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we evaluated the expression statuses and the clinical significance of MDR1 (ABCB1), MDR‐associated proteins (MRPs/ABCC) 1, 2 and 3, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in 67 surgically resected PDACs by immunohistochemistry. MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3 and BCRP were expressed in 35 (52.2%), 56 (83.6%), 61 (91.0%), 49 (73.1%) and 49 (73.1%) out of 67 cases, respectively. The expression statuses of the MDR‐related proteins were positively correlated with each other (P < 0.05). Tumors expressing MRP1 (P= 0.015), MRP2 (P= 0.022) and MRP3 (P < 0.001) demonstrated more frequent perineural invasion. MDR1 expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion (P= 0.047). High BCRP expression in PDAC was a significant prognostic factor for early tumor recu...

Down-Regulation of Claudin-3 Is Associated with Proliferative Potential in Early Gastric Cancers

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:08:55 +0100

Conclusions The down-regulation of claudin-3 was associated with the proliferative potential of GC cells, indicating that claudins may have a pivotal role in the progression of GC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2043-5Authors Takuya Okugawa, Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, JapanTadayuki Oshima, Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, JapanXin Chen, Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, JapanKazutoshi ...

Resveratrol-derived stilbenoids and biological activity evaluation of seed extracts of Cenchrus echinatus L.

Natural Product Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Silva AA, Haraguchi SK, Cellet TS, Schuquel IT, Sarragiotto MH, Vidotti GJ, de Melo JO, Bersani-Amado CA, Zanoli K, Nakamura CV Abstract A phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate fractions from the partition of seeds and roots methanol extracts of Cenchrus echinatus L. led to the isolation of three resveratrol-derived stilbenoids: pallidol (1), carasiphenol C (2) and nepalensinol B (3). The results of a topic anti-inflammatory evaluation, DPPH assay and antiproliferative activity against adenocarcinoma cells (Caco 2) are described. PMID: 22292784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Natural Product Research)

Retrocardiac herniation of atelectatic lung into the opposite chest.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 04:17:46 +0100

Authors: Moss JE, Festic E, Odell JA Abstract A 64-year-old man with a history of esophageal adenocarcinoma status postneoadjuvant therapy underwent esophagogastrectomy. Postoperatively he was found with increasing dyspnea and oxygen requirements. Computed tomography of the chest showed retrocardiac herniation of atelectatic lung into the contralateral hemithorax. PMID: 22269738 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

Metscape 2 bioinformatics tool for the analysis and visualization of metabolomics and gene expression data

Bioinformatics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We describe a new, substantially redesigned version of our tool Metscape that allows users to enter experimental data for metabolites, genes and pathways and display them in the context of relevant metabolic networks. Metscape 2 uses an internal relational database that integrates data from KEGG and EHMN databases. The new version of the tool allows users to identify enriched pathways from expression profiling data, build and analyze the networks of genes and metabolites, and visualize changes in the gene/metabolite data. We demonstrate the applications of Metscape to annotate molecular pathways for human and mouse metabolites implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury, for the analysis of gene expression and metabolite data from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, an...

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Atorvastatin delays progression of pancreatic lesions to carcinoma by regulating PI3/AKT signaling in p48Cre/+.LSL‐KrasG12D/+ mice

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:05:18 +0100

AbstractPancreatic cancer is the one of most common causes of cancer deaths and has the worst prognosis. Clinical observational studies suggest that statins may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. The chemopreventive efficacy of the statin atorvastatin (Lipitor®) and the role of the phosphatidyl‐inositol 3‐kinase(PI3/AKT) signaling pathway were evaluated for the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in conditional p48Cre/+‐LSL‐KrasG12D/+ transgenic mice. Six‐week old male p48Cre/+‐LSL‐KrasG12D/+ (20/group) mice were fed AIN‐76A diets containing 0, 200, and 400 ppm atorvastatin for 35 weeks. At termination, pancreata were evaluated histopathologically for PanINs and PDAC, and for various PI3/AKT signaling m...

APC gene deletions in gastric adenocarcinomas in a Chinese population: a correlation with tumour progression

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:53:16 +0100

Conclusion Sporadic GCs exhibit different mechanisms of APC regulation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticlesPages 60-65DOI 10.1007/s12094-012-0762-xAuthors Zhengyu Fang, Biomedical Research Institute Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaYi Xiong, Biomedical Research Institute Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaJiana Li, Biomedical Research Institute Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaLi Liu, Biomedical Research Institute Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaWei Zhang, JNU-HKUST Joint Lab Ji-Nan University, Guangdong, People’s Repu...

Sequential biphasic changes in claudin1 and claudin4 expression are correlated to colorectal cancer progression and liver metastasis

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:50:34 +0100

In conclusion, sequential biphasic changes in claudin1 and claudin4 expression occur during the homing of rat CC531 CRC cells to the liver. This modulation is reflected by significant changes in claudin expression in human primary and metastatic CRC. (Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine)

Metastatic endocervical adenocarcinoma in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) – no evidence of virus‐induced carcinogenesis

Journal of Medical Primatology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 09:28:13 +0100

Conclusions Histopathologically and immunohistochemically, the tumour had striking similarities to human endocervicial adenocarcinomas of the common type. However, PCR analysis failed to identify herpes‐ or papillomaviral DNA in the tumor at the time of necropsy, thus leaving the question for cause of the disease open. (Source: Journal of Medical Primatology)

HMGA1 and HMGA2 protein expression correlates with advanced tumour grade and lymph node metastasis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Histopathology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:24:06 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggest that HMGA1 and HMGA2 are implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis and may play a role in tumour progression towards a more malignant phenotype. (Source: Histopathology)

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Colorectal Serrated Adenocarcinoma shows a different profile of oncogene mutations, MSI status and DNA repair protein expression compared to Conventional and Sporadic MSI‐H carcinomas

International Journal of Cancer — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMolecular characterization has been extensively studied in serrated polyps but very little is known in serrated adenocarcinomas (SACs). We analyzed the incidence of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) status and loss of the DNA repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and MGMT in a series of 89 SAC, 81 matched conventional carcinomas (CC) and 13 sporadic colorectal cancer showing histological and molecular features of high‐level MSI (sMSI‐H). Our results demonstrate that KRAS are more prevalent than BRAF mutations in SAC (42.7% vs. 25.8%;p=0.011) being the KRAS‐mutated cases even more abundant in SAC displaying adjacent serrated adenomas (51%). G12D and E545K are the most common KRAS and PIK3CA mutations found in SAC respectively. SAC show higher frequen...

KRAS genotyping in rectal adenocarcinoma specimens with low tumor cellularity after neoadjuvant treatment

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Florence Boissière-Michot, Evelyne Lopez-Crapez, Hélène Frugier, Marie-Laurence Berthe, Alexandre Ho-Pun-Cheung, Eric Assenat, Thierry Maudelonde, Pierre-Jean Lamy & Frédéric Bibeau (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Molecular pathology of lung cancer: key to personalized medicine

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liang Cheng, Riley E Alexander, Gregory T MacLennan, Oscar W Cummings, Rodolfo Montironi, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Harvey M Cramer, Darrell D Davidson & Shaobo Zhang (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Carcinoma involving the gallbladder: A retrospective review of 23 cases - pitfalls in diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma

Diagnostic Pathology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Clinical history and a high index of suspicion are prerequisite to detecting GBC. Detection of GBC at an early stage is difficult because the symptoms mimic benign gallbladder diseases. Misinterpretation of subtle microscopic abnormalities contributes diagnostic failures in early cases. Careful attention to any evidence of mural thickening, thorough sampling, particularly in older patients, and close examination of any deeply situated glandular structures are critical. Correlations with radiographic and clinical findings are important helps to avoid misdiagnosis in this commonly resected organ. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Progestin intrauterine device in an adolescent with grade 2 endometrial cancer.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:35:09 +0100

CONCLUSION: : A progestin-releasing IUD may be a valid treatment option for grade 2 endometrial cancer in young women who desire to retain fertility. PMID: 22270425 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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Robotic-assisted laparoscopic transection and repair of an obturator nerve during pelvic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:32:15 +0100

CONCLUSION: : Robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair is feasible for the treatment of obturator nerve injury. PMID: 22270439 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Expression of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway Markers in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Karger Publishers — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 12:50:45 +0100

Pathobiology 2012;79:84–93 (DOI:10.1159/000334340) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Renal Pelviceal Keratinizing Squamous Metaplasia with Sparing of Pyramidal Zones

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 11:22:23 +0100

We report the case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a history of chronic renal disease and acute pyohydronephrosis. The patient underwent a nephroureterectomy which revealed keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia throughout the renal pelvis and upper urinary tract with abrupt termination of metaplasia at the junction of the renal pelvis and the minor calyx (pyramidal zone). Immunohistochemical evaluation documents metaplastic urothelium stained positive for CK5, before converting sharply to simple cuboidal epithelium in the minor calyx (pyramidal zones) which stained positive CK7. At the junction of the metaplastic components and low cuboidal lined minor calyceal surfaces, the underlying stroma showed loss of ureteral muscularis mucosa with transition to renal pare...

WITHDRAWN: Extended versus limited lymph nodes dissection technique for adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: D2 dissection carries increased mortality risks associated with spleen and pancreas resection, and probably with inexperience and low case volumes. Randomised studies show no evidence of overall survival benefit, but possible benefit in T3+ tumours. These results may be confounded by surgical learning curves and poor surgeon compliance. Non-randomised comparisons suggest a possible survival benefit for D2 in intermediate UICC stages. Observational studies show high 5 year survival and low operative mortality after D2 dissection in experienced units, and poor results after D1 dissection in non-specialist units. Further studies, with precautions to eliminate learning curve effects, contamination and non-compliance, are needed to evaluate D2 dissection in intermediate stage gastr...

Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Intracaval Extension to the Right Atrium: Resection on Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:57:08 +0100

Discussion Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare malignancy presenting frequently in advanced stage with poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is often only moderately effective, while complete surgical resection is potentially curative. In this patient, excellent short-term outcome was achieved through radical surgical resection. We continue to monitor her closely for evidence of recurrence. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Endocrine TumorsPages 1-1DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2203-4Authors Ryan Z. Swan, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USAErin M. Hanna, Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USADavid Sindram, Division of Hepatobiliary Sur...

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Endoscopic treatment of large colorectal tumors: comparison of endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic mucosal resection–precutting, and endoscopic submucosal dissection

Surgical Endoscopy — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:55:34 +0100

Conclusion For the treatment of large, nonpedunculated colorectal tumors, ESD is more effective than either EMR or EMR-P. Although ESD is technically demanding, it has clinical significance by overcoming the limitations of both EMR and EMR-P. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00464-012-2164-0Authors Eun-Jung Lee, Department of Surgery, Daehang Hospital, 481-10 Bangbae Seocho, Seoul, 137-820 KoreaJae Bum Lee, Department of Surgery, Daehang Hospital, 481-10 Bangbae Seocho, Seoul, 137-820 KoreaSuk Hee Lee, Department of Pathology, Daehang Hospital, Seoul, KoreaEui Gon Youk, Department of Surgery, Daehang Hospital, 481-10 Bangbae Seocho, Seoul, 137-820 Korea Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794 (Source: Surgical Endo...

Adenocarcinoma in the jejunal pouch after proximal gastrectomy for early stage upper gastric cancer: report of a case

Surgery Today — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:44:04 +0100

Abstract An 84-year-old male was admitted to a local clinic suffering from general fatigue with associated anemia, and therefore was referred to our hospital. His medical history included a proximal gastrectomy with the formation of a jejunal pouch as a reconstructive treatment for early upper gastric cancer at 78 years of age (6 years prior). A type 2 tumor located in the jejunal pouch almost completely surrounded by small intestinal mucosa was demonstrated by gastrointestinal endoscopy. The biopsy specimens showed a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography showed no lymphadenopathy or hepatic metastases. A resection of the residual stomach and jejunal pouch was performed. Based on the histological findings from the resected specimen,...

Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) found in 110 nephrectomized Japanese, of which 24 (22%) RCC cases showed 31 double or triple cancers

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:44:01 +0100

Abstract The causes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were investigated in 115 nephrectomized Japanese. Among them, 110 nephrectomized Japanese had RCC as follows: 86 clear cell RCC, 8 papillary RCC, 8 chromophobe RCC, 7 dialytic–multicystic RCC, and 1 liposarcoma, while 5 nephrectomized Japanese had benign renal tumors of oncocytoma (1), angiomyolipoma (2), and hemangioma (2). In the eight chromophobe RCC, three cases that resulted in death involved medullary RCC showing extensive oncogenic features. Double or triple cancers were found in 17 clear cell RCC, 5 papillary RCC, 1 chromophobe RCC, and 1 dialytic–multicystic RCC. Among 31 non-RCC found in 24 RCC cases, 23(74%) non-RCC were removed prenephrectomy. Prenephrectomy adenocarcinoma and postnephrectomy squamous cell c...

A phase II trial of erlotinib in patients with EGFR wild-type advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:14:30 +0100

Conclusion Erlotinib might be an alternative option for patients resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy even in those with EGFR wild-type NSCLC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1831-0Authors Takashi Kobayashi, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Clinical Oncology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1, Asahi Matsumoto, Matsumoto, 390-8621 JapanTomonobu Koizumi, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Clinical Oncology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1, Asahi Matsumoto, Matsumoto, 390-8621 JapanToshihide Agatsuma, First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, JapanMasanori Yasuo, First Departmen...

TGF-{beta}-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells is enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

Journal of Biochemistry — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during invasion and metastasis. Although transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in EMT, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we studied the effects of proinflammatory cytokines derived from the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 on TGF-β-induced EMT in A549 lung cancer cells. Co-culture and treatment with conditioned medium of RAW 264.7 cells enhanced a subset of TGF-β-induced EMT phenotypes in A549 cells, including changes in cell morphology and induction of mesenchymal marker expression. These effects were increased by the treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide, which also induced the expression of various proinfl...

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Protein and phosphoprotein levels in glioma and adenocarcinoma cell lines grown in normoxia and hypoxia in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures

Proteome Science — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We identified subsets of proteins with clearly concordant/discordant behavior between gliomas and adenocarcinomas. In general, monolayer to 3D culture differences are clearer than normoxia to hypoxia differences, with anti-apoptotic, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell survival pathways emphasized in the former and mTOR pathway, transcription, cell-cycle arrest modulation, and increased cell motility in the latter. (Source: Proteome Science)

Pulmonary metastasectomy: a multivariate analysis of 440 patients undergoing complete resection

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Surgical resection is currently a standard approach for isolated lung metastases from different primary tumours. The aim of the present analysis is to evaluate the outcome of patients submitted to complete resection of pulmonary metastases and to determine prognostic factors for long-term survival. A group of 440 consecutive patients previously diagnosed with primary malignant solid tumours and submitted to complete surgical resection of lung nodules with suspected or diagnosed metastatic lesion were retrospectively reviewed. The average follow-up time was 43.2 months (range: 0–192) and the 60-month O.S. was 43.7%. Univariate analysis: patients with adenocarcinoma presented the highest 5-year survival rates (53.4%, P = 0.0001); DFI >36 months (P < 0.0001), n...

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Der Chirurg — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Chirurg. 2012 Jan 25; Authors: Fritz S, Büchler MW, Werner J Abstract Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas constitute an increasingly recognized entity of cystic pancreatic tumors which are characterized by mucin production and epithelial growth within the pancreatic ducts and show a wide spectrum of morphologic variants. They may arise in the main pancreatic duct, its major side branches or in both (mixed type). Furthermore, IPMNs are considered as precursor lesions to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, it is not clear what the time course of such potential neoplastic transformation might be and whether all lesions progress to malignant tumors. As currently no diagnostic test can reliably differentiate between benign and malignant tumors the majori...

Pulmonary TB linked to EGFR mutations in lung cancer

MedWire News - Oncology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Expression pattern of PAX2 in hyperplastic and malignant endometrium

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 12:26:09 +0100

Conclusions PAX2 is expressed in hyperplastic and malignant endometrium as well as proliferative and atrophic endometrium. As the neoplastic lesion progresses from a premalignant state to endometrial cancer, PAX2 expression increases. These findings suggest that PAX2 may contribute to the development of endometrial cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2236-3Authors Korhan Kahraman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, TurkeySaba Kiremitci, Department of Pathology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeySalih Taskin, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, TurkeyDuygu Kankaya, Department ...

Demonstration of liver metastases on postmortem whole body CT angiography following inadvertent systemic venous infusion of the contrast medium

International Journal of Legal Medicine — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:15:46 +0100

Abstract An 86-year-old woman was hospitalized for breathlessness and a large right-sided pleural effusion. Approximately 1 h after thoracentesis, she developed a hemothorax resulting in hypotension and death. Routine postmortem CT scanning showed a large volume right hemothorax and a markedly enlarged liver. In an attempt to determine the origin of bleeding prior to autopsy, a postmortem CT angiogram was performed. Following inadvertent cannulation of the left long saphenous vein and infusion of ∼1,700 mL of a polyethylene glycol 200 and iodine-based radiographic contrast solution into systemic veins using a mechanical pump, CT scanning revealed a dense hepatic "parenchogram" containing multiple large, filling defects indicative of metastases. These were confi...

Maximal Standardized Uptake Value on FDG-PET Is Correlated With Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma [ORIGINAL ARTICLES: GENERAL THORACIC]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The expression of COX-2 in primary tumors is as strongly correlated with a worse clinical outcome as is increased FDG uptake in cases of lung adenocarcinoma. These findings indicate that the SUVmax of primary tumors might reflect the biological malignant potential in lung adenocarcinomas. (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

Retrocardiac Herniation of Atelectatic Lung Into the Opposite Chest [CASE REPORTS]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A 64-year-old man with a history of esophageal adenocarcinoma status postneoadjuvant therapy underwent esophagogastrectomy. Postoperatively he was found with increasing dyspnea and oxygen requirements. Computed tomography of the chest showed retrocardiac herniation of atelectatic lung into the contralateral hemithorax. (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

A meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides definite evidence of an absence of association between alcohol drinking and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk, even at higher doses of consumption. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

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Small bowel adenocarcinoma copy number profiles are more closely related to colorectal than to gastric cancers

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We show that MSS SBAs are more similar to colorectal than to gastric cancer, based on the 27 genome-wide DNA copy number profiles that are currently available. These molecular similarities provide added support for treatment of MSS small bowel cancers according to colorectal cancer regimens. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Claudin7 and moesin in endometrial Adenocarcinoma; a retrospective study of 265 patients

BMC Research Notes — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: A significant prognostic value of MSN and CLDN7 in predicting disease outcomes in patients with EC was not demonstrated. Nevertheless, the high percentage of EC cases with MSN and CLDN7 immunoexpression, and their association with tumor grade and subtypes, suggests that these proteins might play a role in tumorigenesis of endometrial adenocarcinomas. Future studies are needed to shed light on their mechanistic properties in EC cells. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

[Influence of Mucinous and Signet-Ring Cell Differentiation on Epidemiological, Histological, Molecular Biological Features, and Outcome in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma.]

Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: However, it should be noted that most of the results come from studies with a very low number of patients which can be attributed to the low incidence of mucinous and signet-ring cell CRC. Based on the findings of the present analysis, a more radical surgical approach should be considered providing that the exact preoperative histology is available. Furthermore, the histological subtype should be taken into account in future chemotherapy trials to avoid unnecessary therapy. A closer follow-up, especially for patients with signet-ring cell CRC should be discussed. In the near future, a more tailored therapy in patients with colorectal cancer would be highly desirable. PMID: 22274919 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie)

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Properties of Some Metal(II) Complexes of (Substituted) Nitrophenol Schiff Base

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:36:31 +0100

The Schiff base, 2-[(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-ylimino)methyl]-5-nitrophenol coordinates to Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pd(II) ions through the phenolic O and imine N atoms. The complexes are characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The metal complexes formed as [ML2]xH2O with exception of the Cu(II) complex which is anhydrous. Spectroscopic data corroborate the adoption of a four-coordinate, tetrahedral geometry for the Mn(II), and Zn(II) complexes, and a four-coordinate, square planar geometry for the Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes. None is an electrolyte in DMSO. The in vitro anticancer activities of the metal free ligand, Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pd(II) complexes against MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and HT-29 (colon carcinoma) cells reveal that the Pd(II) complex has the...

The value of CDX2 and cytokeratins 7 and 20 expression in differentiating colorectal adenocarcinomas from extraintestinal gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas: cytokeratin 7/20+ phenotype is more spesific than CDX2 antibody

Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Both the CK7/CK20+ phenotype and expression of the antibody CDX2 are highly specific and sensitive markers of colorectal origin. CDX2 expression should be a useful adjunct for the diagnosis of intestinal adenocarcinomas, particularly when better established markers such as CK7 and CK20 yield equivocal results. The CK7/CK20+ phenotype is superior in its specificity and positive predictive value and might be preferred.Virtual slides:The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4851011866354821 (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

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A transforming KIF5B and RET gene fusion in lung adenocarcinoma revealed from whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing [RESEARCH]

Genome Research — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The identification of the molecular events that drive cancer transformation is essential to the development of targeted agents that improve the clinical outcome of lung cancer. Many studies have reported genomic driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) over the past decade; however, the molecular pathogenesis of >40% of NSCLCs is still unknown. To identify new molecular targets in NSCLCs, we performed the combined analysis of massively parallel whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing for cancer and paired normal tissue of a 33-yr-old lung adenocarcinoma patient, who is a never-smoker and has no familial cancer history. The cancer showed no known driver mutation in EGFR or KRAS and no EML4-ALK fusion. Here we report a novel fusion gene between KIF5B and the RET proto-on...

Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractUmbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to inhibit breast cancer cell growth but it is not known whether this effect is specific to only breast cancer cells. We compared the effects of human Wharton's jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts [conditioned medium (hWJSC‐CM) and cell lysate (hWJSC‐CL)] on breast adenocarcinoma (MDA‐MB‐231), ovarian carcinoma (TOV‐112D) and osteosarcoma (MG‐63) cells. The cells were treated with either hWJSC‐CM (50%) or hWJSC‐CL (15μg/ml) for 48 h‐72 h and changes in cell morphology, proliferation, cycle, gene expression, migration and cell death studied. All three cancer cell lines showed cell shrinkage, blebbing and vacuolations with hWJSC‐CL and hWJSC‐CM compared to controls. MTT and BrdU assays showed inhibition ...

Overdiagnosis of a typical carcinoid tumor as an adenocarcinoma of the lung: a case report and review of the literature

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The use of several immunohistochemical markers, careful evaluation of hematoxylin-eosin sections and the Ki-67 labelling index are important tools in discriminating between carcinoids and other bronchopulmonary carcinomas. Although we could not detect GnrH-receptors in the examined specimen, there may be individual differences in expression. GnrH receptor profiles in typical and atypical carcinoids should be scrutinized. This could lead to new therapeutical options, since the GnrH receptor has already been described on atypical carcinoids. Clinically tested drugs such as leuprolide could come to use. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Intestinal spirochaetosis associated with hyperplastic and adenomatous colonic polyps.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This report could stimulate microbiological investigations during the follow-up of colonic polyps in order to explain whether the persistence of abdominal symptoms in such patients could be caused by a colonic spirochaetosis susceptible to eradication by a targeted therapy. PMID: 22277793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pathology, Research and Practice)

Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates the Integrity of Perineal Reconstruction following Cylindrical Abdominoperineal Excision with Reconstruction of the Pelvic Floor Using Porcine Collagen

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:01:10 +0100

A 72-year-old female presented with a six-month history of increased frequency of defecation, rectal bleeding, and severe rectal pain. Digital rectal examination and endoscopy revealed a low rectal lesion lying anteriorly. This was confirmed histologically as adenocarcinoma. Radiological staging was consistent with a T3N2 rectal tumour. Following long-course chemoradiotherapy repeat staging did not identify any metastatic disease. She underwent a laparoscopic cylindrical abdominoperineal excision with en bloc resection of the coccyx and posterior wall of the vagina with a negative circumferential resection margin. The perineal defect was reconstructed with Permacol (biological implant, Covidien) mesh. She had no clinical evidence of a perineal hernia at serial followup. Dynamic MRI images ...

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Contribution of cell blocks obtained through endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration to the diagnosis of lung cancer

BMC Cancer — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Cell-block preparation from EBUS-TBNA samples is a simple way to provide additional information in lung cancer diagnosis. Analysis of cell blocks increases the diagnostic yield of the procedure by nearly seven per cent and allows for genetic analysis in a sixty per cent of the patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Lung adenocarcinoma with peculiar growth to the pulmonary artery and thrombus formation: Report of a case

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This is the first reported case of radical resection of a lung cancer with invasion along the pulmonary artery wherein a benign thrombus had formed. In general, surgery would be the treatment of choice for a pulmonary artery mass. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

[Pathology and classification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas.]

Der Chirurg — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schlitter AM, Esposito I Abstract Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are precursor lesions of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and one of the most common cystic entities in this organ. Branch and main duct types are further distinguished based on the tumor localization. An additional classification is based on the predominant architecture and immunohistochemical profile with four prognostic relevant subtypes, gastric, intestinal, pancreato-biliary and oncocytic. This review provides an overview about the malignant potential of the different subtypes and the prognosis of associated invasive tumors and gives recommendations for the pathological assessment of resection specimens with IPMNs. PMID: 22271052 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Der ...

Multi‐institutional analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrating the effect of diabetes status on survival after resection

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 20:41:47 +0100

Conclusion: Pre‐operative diabetes status provides useful information that can help to stratify patients in terms of predicted post‐operative OS and DFS. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

STAT1-deficient mice spontaneously develop estrogen receptor alpha-positive luminal mammary carcinomas

Breast Cancer Research — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that STAT1 suppresses mammary tumor formation and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. Spontaneous mammary tumors that develop in STAT1-/- mice closely recapitulate the progression, ovarian hormone responsiveness, and molecular characteristics of human luminal breast cancer, the most common subtype of human breast neoplasms, and thus represent a valuable platform for testing novel treatments and detection modalities. (Source: Breast Cancer Research)

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SAHA Inhibits the Growth of Colon Tumors by Decreasing Histone Deacetylase and the Expression of Cyclin D1 and Survivin.

Pathology Oncology Research — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jin JS, Tsao TY, Sun PC, Yu CP, Tzao C Abstract We studied the effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, on colon cancer. The expression of HDACs in colorectal cancer specimens and the effects of SAHA on colon cancer cells and tumors of nude mice were assessed. Treatment with SAHA (3 μm) for 72 h induced downregulation of different subtypes of HDAC proteins and also induced acetylation of histone 3 and histone 4. SAHA significantly inhibited the expression of the oncogenic protein c-myc and also increased the expression of the p53 and Rb proteins. The immunohistochemical staining of HDACs, including HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC4, was significantly increased in colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens compared to healthy contr...

Lung cancer cell invasion and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are attenuated by secretory phospholipase A2 inhibition

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 09:10:17 +0100

Conclusions: sPLA2 plays a significant role in mediating the inflammatory signals that induce ICAM-1 expression in lung cancer cells. Inhibition of the enzyme can significantly decrease ICAM-1 expression and subsequent cancer cell invasion. This lays the groundwork for further investigation into the cellular mechanisms of sPLA2 and its role in lung cancer. (Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)

Defined Clinical Classifications Are Associated with Outcome of Patients with Anatomically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 07:00:34 +0100

Conclusions This system describes discrete clinical subgroups of patients with pancreatic cancer who have similar, potentially resectable tumor anatomy but heterogeneous physiology and cancer biology. It may be used with neoadjuvant therapy to predict outcomes, individualize treatment algorithms, and optimize survival. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Pancreatic TumorsPages 1-9DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2211-4Authors Ching-Wei D. Tzeng, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAJason B. Fleming, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAJeffrey E. Lee, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAL...

Correlation of HLA-A02* genotype and HLA class I antigen down-regulation with the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:53:39 +0100

Conclusions HLA-A02* is a valuable prognostic biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer. HLA class I HC loss and/or down-regulation was significantly more frequent in tumour tissues from HLA-A02* positive patients with serous adenocarcinoma surgical stage III–IV. In multivariate analysis, we show that the prognostic impact is reasonably correlated to the HLA genetic rather than to the expression of its protein products. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00262-012-1201-0Authors Emilia Andersson, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, SwedenLisa Villabona, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University ...

Serous Cystadenoma Causing the Double Duct Sign

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:48:23 +0100

Discussion Serous cystadenomas are benign tumors without significant malignant potential. Unlike pancreatic adenocarcinomas, these tumors tend to be slow growing, well-demarcated, and rarely, as in this case, produce a mass effect. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory GI ImagePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1817-yAuthors Zain Khalpey, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USATaufiek Konrad Rajab, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USAStanley W. Ashley, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Journal Journal of Gastrointestinal SurgeryOnline ISSN 1873-4626Print ISSN 1091-255X (Sourc...

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Cyclooxygenase Isoenzyme-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:48:23 +0100

Conclusions This is the first study that evaluated the prognostic value and correlation of COX-2 and VEGF expression in a large and homogenous population of patients with EAC. No correlation between COX-2 and VEGF expression was found. Both markers were expressed in EAC and were associated with poor prognosis. The findings support the use of COX-2 and VEGF inhibitors in future clinical studies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1814-1Authors M. J. D. Prins, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The NetherlandsR. J. J. Verhage, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The NetherlandsF. J. W. ten Kate, Department o...

Small and Potentially Resectable Focal Pancreatic Lesions Noted on CT/MRI Scans in Nonjaundiced Patients: Likelihood of Neoplasia and Utility of EUS

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:48:16 +0100

Conclusions In nonjaundiced patient with a potentially resectable pancreatic lesion ≤25 mm in size noted on CT/MRI scanning, EUS-FNA can provide useful adjunctive information to optimize the use of surgery and can potentially obviate the need for “wait and watch approach” with repeat imaging in their clinical management. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1812-3Authors Naveen B. Krishna, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 3635 Vista Avenue, FDT 9S, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAPavan Tummala, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 3635 Vista Avenue, FDT 9S, St. Louis, MO 63110, USAChristopher D. Mehan, Division ...

Socioeconomic Factors Impact Colon Cancer Outcomes in Diverse Patient Populations

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:48:12 +0100

Conclusions While disparities across racial/ethnic groups are well-documented, our study is the first to identify socioeconomic disparities in survival for patients within the same group. These novel findings demonstrate the complex role of SES on race and ethnicity and identify the need to improve healthcare access even within select populations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory 2011 SSAT Poster PresentationPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1809-yAuthors Wendy Lee, Department of Oncologic Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USARebecca Nelson, Department of Oncologic Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USABrian Mailey, Department of Oncologic Surgery, C...

The proteolytic activity of MT4‐MMP is required for its proangiogenic and pro‐metastatic promoting effects

International Journal of Cancer — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMT4‐MMP expression in breast adenocarcinoma stimulates tumor growth and metastatic spreading to the lung. However whether these pro‐tumorigenic and pro‐metastatic effects of MT4‐MMP are related to a proteolytic action is not known yet. Through site directed mutagenesis MT4‐MMP has been inactivated in cancer cells through Glutamic acid 249 substitution by Alanine in the active site. Active MT4‐MMP triggered an angiogenic switch at day 7 after tumor implantation and drastically accelerated subcutaneous tumor growth as well as lung colonization in RAG ‐/‐ mice. All these effects were abrogated upon MT4‐MMP inactivation. In sharp contrast to most MMPs being primarily of stromal origin, we provide evidence that tumor‐derived MT4‐MMP, but not host‐derived MT4‐MM...

Toenail trace element status and risk of Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: results from the FINBAR study

International Journal of Cancer — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to examine toenail trace element status and risk of Barrett's oesophagus (BO) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Toenail clippings from each hallux were obtained from 638 participants of the FINBAR study (Factors Influencing the Barrett's Adenocarcinoma Relationship) comprising 221 healthy controls, 98 reflux oesophagitis, 182 BO and 137 OAC cases. The concentrations of eight toenail trace elements were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Using multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated within tertiles of trace element concentrations. A two‐fold increased risk of BO was observed, but not OAC, amongst individuals in the highest tertile of toenail zinc status OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.11‐4.40). A hi...

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Stereotactic body radiotherapy for the treatment of presacral recurrences from rectal cancers

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for presacral recurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment modality which allows for palliation of pain. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Pro-apoptotic effects of Paecilomyces hepiali, a Cordyceps sinensis extract on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results indicate that in vitro treatment with an aqueous extract from PH limits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and causes cell cycle arrest of A549 cells; this suggests that it may have potential as a therapy for lung adenocarcinoma. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Percutaneous computed tomography guided cryoablation of the celiac plexus as an alternative treatment for intractable pain caused by pancreatic cancer

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Hooman Yarmohammadi, Dean A Nakamoto, Nami Azar, Salim M Hayek, John R HaagaJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2011 7(4):481-483Computed Tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous cryoablation was performed in a 43-year-old patient with intractable epigastric abdominal pain caused by advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and extensive celiac trunk involvement. Initial treatment with celiac plexus nerve neurolysis using local ethanol injection was unsuccessful. A 17-gauge 17-cm cryoablation probe (Galil Medical Inc. Plymouth Meeting, PA) was placed into the expected location of the celiac plexus through a left paraspinal approach under CT guidance and two cycles of freeze-thaw were performed. Patient's pain decreased from 10 of 10 (subjective pain scoring using a visual analog sc...

Primary mixed small cell neuroendocrine-adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Neha Singh, Nita Khurana, Meeta Singh, Prerna AroraJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2011 7(4):493-496 (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Loss of RKIP expression during the carcinogenic evolution of endometrial cancer

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This study demonstrated for the first time that RKIP expression is lost during the carcinogenic evolution of endometrial tumours and that the loss of RKIP expression is associated with a malignant phenotype. Functional studies are needed to address the biological role of RKIP downregulation in endometrial cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

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Autophagy mediates survival of pancreatic tumour‐initiating cells in a hypoxic microenvironment

The Journal of Pathology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We examined whether autophagy might be involved in survival of CSC despite nutrition and oxygen deprivation typical for the hypoxic tumour microenvironment of PDA. Immunohistochemistry revealed that markers for hypoxia, CSC and autophagy are co‐expressed in patient‐derived tissue of PDA. Hypoxia‐starvation (H/S) enhanced clonogenic survival and migration of established pancreatic cancer cells with stem‐like properties (CSChigh), while pancreatic tumour cells with less stem cell markers (CSClow) did not survive these conditions. Electron microscopy revealed more advanced autophagic vesicles in CSChigh cells, which exhibited higher expression of autophagy‐related genes under normoxic conditions and relative to CSClow cells as found by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. LC3 was alr...

The Impact of the Activated Stroma on Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Biology and Therapy Resistance.

Current Molecular Medicine — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Erkan M, Reiser-Erkan C, Michalski CW, Kong B, Esposito I, Friess H, Kleeff J Abstract Around 95% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer will die of their disease within 5 years, three quarters within a year. The major hurdle in improving prognosis is the lack of a therapeutic time window. Early cancerous lesions are far beneath our threshold of detection. Therefore, at the time of diagnosis even early (T1) tumors can be metastatic and resistant to conventional treatments. Several therapies targeting epithelial tumor cells-all showing impressive results in vitro and in animal experiments-have failed to show relevant effects in clinical trials. This discrepancy between experimental data and clinical reality results mostly from the inefficiency of our current experimen...

Fiber-optic bronchoscope and detection of lung cancer: A five year study.

Neoplasma — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 04:30:02 +0100

Authors: Gao L, Asmitanand T, Ren H, Wu F, Zhang Y, Li X, DI L, Song Z, Yang T, Chen T, Merrilees M, Wu L, Chen M Abstract White light bronchoscopy [WLB] has been used for identification and localization of intra-epithelial pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions within the bronchus. Aim of the study was to evaluate the uses of WLB to detect and localize the precancerous and cancerous lesions, and in addition to analyze morphologic presentation, and association to histological type and the variation between genders.A total of 4983 patients were examined by WLB from 2004 to 2009 in a local tertiary teaching hospital. The following parameters were collected: morphological presentation, biopsy sites, histology. The patients' records of age, sex, smoking status, blood-gas, X-RAY/CT, CB...

Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in association with Genetic Polymorphisms of GSTs in Slovak Population.

Neoplasma — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 04:30:02 +0100

Authors: Dzian A, Halasova E, Matakova T, Kavcova E, Smolar M, Dobrota D, Hamzik J, Mistuna D Abstract Slovak Republic belongs to the countries with high incidence of lung cancer. Gene polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) may play a role in individual lung cancer susceptibility. In presented case-control study we investigate the incidence of polymorphism of GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 genes and their combinations as possible predictive factors for identification of individuals with increased risk of formation and development of adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung in Slovak population. The study was conducted on 520 individuals consisting of 118 patients with adenocarcinoma, 112 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 290 control individuals. ...

Effects of pantoprazole as a HIF-1α inhibitor on human gastric adenocarcinoma sgc-7901 cells.

Neoplasma — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 04:30:02 +0100

In conclusion, the major role of DCP is the moderate confirmation of HCC. More prospective studies of DCP are needed in future. Keywords: gastric cancer, proton pump inhibitors, HIF-1α PMID: 22248271 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Neoplasma)

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Thymosin beta 4 in colorectal cancer is localized predominantly at the invasion front in tumor cells undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Cancer Biology and Therapy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 00:12:48 +0100

Conclusions: Our data show that Tβ4 is expressed in the majority of colon cancers, with preferential immunoreactivity in deep tumor regions. The preferential expression of the peptide and the increase in intensity of the immunostaining at the invasion front suggests a possible link between the peptide and the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition, suggesting a role for Tβ4 in colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. PMID: 22233609 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cancer Biology and Therapy)

Esophageal Cancer May Be Caused By Migration Of Cancer-Causing Stomach Cells

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 10:00:00 +0100

A new study is providing clues that may answer a decades-old question about the cells that give rise to a particularly lethal form of esophageal cancer. The research, published by Cell Press in the January 17th issue of the journal Cancer Cell, links inflammation and bile acid reflux with migration of cancer-causing stomach cells into the esophagus and may help guide future strategies for early therapeutic intervention. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a cancer of the esophagus that is associated with acid reflux disease and Barrett esophagus (BE)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Descriptive epidemiology of gastric adenocarcinoma in the State of Texas by ethnicity: Hispanic versus White non-Hispanic

Gastric Cancer — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:52:03 +0100

Conclusion The incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma is higher in Hispanics than in Whites in both El Paso County and the remaining portion of Texas. Hispanics have a higher grade of gastric adenocarcinoma. The prevalence of late stage at the time of diagnosis is higher in younger patients than in older patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10120-011-0127-0Authors Babak Rajabi, Department of Internal Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USAJavier C. Corral, Department of Internal Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USANawar Hakim, Department of Pathology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine,...

A poly(glycerol-sebacate-(5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid)) polymer with potential use for cancer therapy

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, 5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid was chemically conjugated with poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) to form a unitary polymer poly(glycerol-sebacate- (5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid)) (PGS-5-FU-CH2COOH). The structure, the in vitro antitumor activity of 5-FU-CH2COOH, the in vitro degradation, the drug release, and antitumor activity as well as the in vivo degradation and tissue biocompatibility of PGS-5-FU-CH2COOH were investigated. The 5-FU-CH2COOH inhibited HeLa (human cervical cancer cell line) and SGC-7901 (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) tumor cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.196 and 0.267 μM, respectively, after a 3-day incubation. The in vitro drug release profiles of PGS-5-FU-CH2COOH exhibited a biphasic release with an initial exponentia...

Low testosterone level predicts prostate cancer in re‐biopsy in patients with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

BJU International — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• Patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate after a diagnosis of HGPIN have higher SHBG levels and lower calculated free testosterone levels than patients with a negative rebiopsy.• Testosterone levels might be a useful indication for rebiopsy after HGPIN diagnosis. (Source: BJU International)

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Combined Phenotype of 4 Markers Improves Prognostic Value of Patients With Colon Cancer.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Multimarker phenotypes improved tumor positive rate, detecting accuracy and prognostic value. In addition, a subgroup of more aggressive tumors can be identified by evaluating Hiwi level in LN- cancer, and SNCG level in LN+ cancer. PMID: 22261620 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences)

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung: surgical results as compared with squamous cell and adenocarcinoma cases [THORACIC]

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION ASC of the lung is more aggressive than AC and SC. The decreased survival of patients with ASC as compared with either of those single histology tumors suggests the need for a clinical trial of adjuvant chemotherapy that includes early-stage patients. (Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)

CXCL12-binding receptors expression in non-small cell lung cancer relates to tumoral microvascular density and CXCR4 positive circulating tumoral cells in lung draining venous blood [THORACIC]

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of our study underline the significant potential role of CXCL12 receptors in determining both vessel formation and tumoral cell migration to blood stream, favoring metastasis development. (Source: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery)

Erratum

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 22:04:55 +0100

In the article, “Outcomes of T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma patients,” by Tian et al., which appeared in the December 2011 issue of GIE (Gastronintest Endosc 2011;74:1201-6), there was an error in the Abstract and in the list of abbreviations. The correct version of each follows. (Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)

Study reveals origins of esophageal cancer

ScienceDaily Headlines — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 19:40:40 +0100

Researchers have identified the critical early cellular and molecular events that give rise to a type of esophageal cancer called esophageal adenocarcinoma, the fastest-rising solid tumor in the United States. The findings challenge conventional wisdom regarding the origin and development of this deadly cancer and its precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus, and highlight possible targets for new clinical therapies. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

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Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an oral irreversible, small molecule inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor-1, -2, and -4 tyrosine kinases, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors

Investigational New Drugs — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:07:21 +0100

Conclusions Dacomitinib 45 mg QD was defined as the RP2D and demonstrated preliminary activity in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory PHASE I STUDIESPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s10637-011-9789-zAuthors Toshiaki Takahashi, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanNarikazu Boku, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanHaruyasu Murakami, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanTateaki Naito, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanAsuka Tsuya, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanYukiko Nakamura, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanAkira Ono, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanNozomu Machida, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanKentaro Yamazaki, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, JapanJunichiro Watanabe, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizu...

The impact of the genetic background on the genome make‐up of tumor cells

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractEndometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common form of malignancy in the female genital tract, ranking as the fourth leading form of invasive tumors that affect women. The BDII inbred rat strain has been used as a powerful tumor model in studies of the genetic background of EAC. Females from the BDII strain are prone to develop tumors with an incidence of more than 90%. Development of EAC in BDII female rats has similarities in pathogenesis, histopathological, and molecular properties to that of human, and thus represents a unique model for analysis of EAC tumorigenesis and for comparative studies in human EACs. In a previous study, a set of rat EAC cell lines derived from tumors developed in female crossprogenies between BDII and nonsusceptible rat strains were analyzed by sp...

Study reveals origins of esophageal cancer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Columbia University Medical Center) Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have identified the critical early cellular and molecular events that give rise to a type of esophageal cancer called esophageal adenocarcinoma, the fastest-rising solid tumor in the United States. The findings, published online today in Cancer Cell, challenge conventional wisdom regarding the origin and development of this deadly cancer and its precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus, and highlight possible targets for new clinical therapies. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Impact of F18‐fluorodeoxyglycose positron emission tomography/computed tomography on the management of resectable pancreatic tumours

ANZ Journal of Surgery — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: PET/CT achieves a significant diagnostic impact in detecting extrapancreatic metastatic disease. F18‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT appears to be useful in assessing suspicious pancreatic masses. (Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery)

The link between TB and a gene mutation that causes lung cancer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer) Research presented in the February 2012 issue of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer's Journal of Thoracic Oncology shows a link between TB and mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor, a type of gene mutation found in non-small cell lung cancer. Researchers concluded that there is a relationship between pulmonary TB and EGFR mutations in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Clinical Impact of Intraoperative Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen mRNA in Pleural Lavage Specimens from Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Intraoperative mCEA analysis may be a reliable indicator for assessing short-term prognosis and likelihood of early recurrence.[...]Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.Article in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon)

Lack of EGFR mutations benefiting gefitinib treatment in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction rarely presents EGFR mutation, especially gefitinib-associated mutations such as L858R or delE746-A750. This means that the gefitinib-based gene target therapy should not be recommended for treating carcinoma of esophagogastric junction. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Preoperative MRI Sphincter Morphology and Anal Manometry: Can They be Markers of Functional Outcome Following Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer?

Colorectal Disease — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Measurements of the puborectalis thickness on pre‐operative staging MRIs for rectal cancer may help predict functional outcome following AR. Prospective assessment of larger numbers with a fully validated continence score are required to evaluate these findings further. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Clinical Impact of Intraoperative Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen mRNA in Pleural Lavage Specimens from Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Intraoperative mCEA analysis may be a reliable indicator for assessing short-term prognosis and likelihood of early recurrence. PMID: 22252332 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon)

Prognostic Significance of Adenocarcinoma Histology in Women with Cervical Cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Cervical adenocarcinomas are more common in younger women and white patients. Adenocarcinoma histology negatively impacts survival for both early and advanced-stage carcinomas. PMID: 22266551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity of one-dimensional chain [Fe(salen)(L)](n) complexes against human cancer cell lines.

Toxicology in Vitro — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dvořák Z, Starha P, Sindelář Z, Trávníček Z Abstract The 1d-polymeric iron(III) complexes [Fe(salen)(μ-L)](n) (1-6), involving a deprotonated form of the N-donor heterocyclic compounds (l) imidazole (complex 1), 1,2,4-triazole (2), benztriazole (3), 5-methyltetrazole (4), 5-aminotetrazole (5) and 5-phenyltetrazole (6), were studied for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines including lung carcinoma (A549), cervix epithelial carcinoma (HeLa), osteosarcoma (HOS), malignant melanoma (G361), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), ovarian carcinoma (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780cis). Cytotoxicity in vitro (IC(50)=0.39-0.48μM) was achieved for 2-6 against A2780 (IC(50) of cisplatin equals 11.5μM) as well as for 5 and 6 agains...

Down-Regulation of Survivin and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α by β-elemene Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenograft

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 04:04:22 +0100

Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals)

Bile Acid and Inflammation Activate Gastric Cardia Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Barrett-Like Metaplasia

Cancer Cell — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Michael Quante, Govind Bhagat, Julian A. Abrams, Frederic Marache, Pamela Good, Michele D. Lee, Yoomi Lee, Richard Friedman, Samuel Asfaha, Zinaida Dubeykovskaya, Umar Mahmood, Jose-Luiz Figueiredo, Jan Kitajewski, Carrie Shawber, Charles J. Lightdale, Anil K. Rustgi, Timothy C. Wang. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) arises from Barrett esophagus (BE), intestinal-like columnar metaplasia linked to reflux esophagitis. In a transgenic mouse model of BE, esophageal overexpression o.... (Source: Cancer Cell)

KrasG12D-Induced IKK2/β/NF-κB Activation by IL-1α and p62 Feedforward Loops Is Required for Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Cancer Cell — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Jianhua Ling, Ya'an Kang, Ruiying Zhao, Qianghua Xia, Dung-Fang Lee, Zhe Chang, Jin Li, Bailu Peng, Jason B. Fleming, Huamin Wang, Jinsong Liu, Ihor R. Lemischka, Mien-Chie Hung, Paul J. Chiao. Constitutive Kras and NF-κB activation is identified as signature alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, how NF-κB is activated in PDAC is not yet understood. Here, we re.... (Source: Cancer Cell)

Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer

Journal of Nanomaterials — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 18:18:07 +0100

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor life expectancy and no effective treatment. Autophagy is a process of degradation of cytoplasmic component capable of recycling cellular components or eliminate specific targets. The presence of autophagy in PDAC has been demonstrated. However, the implicated cellular pathways are not fully understood and, more importantly, the role of autophagy in PDAC is matter of intensive debate. This review summarizes recently published data in an attempt to clarify the importance of autophagy in this disease and try to reconcile apparently contradictory results. (Source: Journal of Nanomaterials)

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Down-Regulation of Survivin and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α by β-elemene Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenograft

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 15:24:33 +0100

Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals)

Chromogranin A Regulates Tumor Self-Seeding and Dissemination

Cancer Research — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Cancer progression involves the seeding of malignant cells in circulation and the colonization of distant organs. However, circulating neoplastic cells can also reinfiltrate the tumor of origin. This process, called “tumor-self seeding,” can select more aggressive cells that may contribute to cancer progression. Here, using mouse mammary adenocarcinoma models, we observed that both tumor self-seeding and organ colonization were inhibited by chromogranin A (CgA), a protein present in variable amounts in the blood of cancer patients. Mechanism studies showed that CgA inhibited the shedding of cancer cells in circulation from primary tumors, as well as the reinfiltration of tumors and the colonization of lungs by circulating tumor cells. CgA reduced gap formation induced by tumor cell–d...

New Gastroprotective Labdeneamides from (4S,9R,10R) Methyl 18-carboxy-labda-8,13(E)-diene-15-oate

Planta Medica — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Planta MedDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1280453AbstractStarting from the diterpene (4S,9R,10R) methyl 18-carboxy-labda-8,13(E)-dien-15-oate (PMD) and its 8(9)-en isomer [PMD 8(9)-en], 11 amides were prepared and assessed for a gastroprotective effect in the ethanol/HCl-induced gastric lesions model in mice. Basal cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined on the following human cell lines: normal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), gastric epithelial adenocarcinoma (AGS), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2). All compounds are described for the first time. At the single oral dose of 0.1 mg/kg, compounds 1, 10, and 11 presented a strong gastroprotective effect, at least comparable with that of the reference compound lansoprazole at 1 mg/kg, reducing gastric lesions by 76.7, 67.7, and 77.2 %, respectiv...

Membrane-Tethered MUC1 Mucin Is Phosphorylated by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Airway Epithelial Cells and Associates with TLR5 To Inhibit Recruitment of MyD88.

Journal of Immunology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylates MUC1, leading to an increase in its association with TLR5, thereby competitively and reversibly inhibiting recruitment of MyD88 to TLR5 and downstream signaling events. This unique ability of MUC1 to control TLR5 signaling suggests its potential role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. PMID: 22250084 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)

A high-fat diet containing whole walnuts (Juglans regia) reduces tumour size and growth along with plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Davis PA, Vasu VT, Gohil K, Kim H, Khan IH, Cross CE, Yokoyama W Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) has been linked to fat intake, but the effects of both different dietary fat levels and types remain inconsistent and incompletely characterised. The effects on PCa in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) cancer model of an elevated fat (20 % of energy as fat) diet containing 155 g of whole walnuts were compared to those of an elevated fat (20 % of energy as soyabean oil) diet with matched macronutrients, tocopherols as well as a low-fat (8 % of energy as soyabean oil) diet. Mice, starting at 8 weeks of age, consumed one of the three different diets ad libitum; and prostates, livers and blood were obtained after 9, 18 or 24 weeks of feeding. No differe...

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Does Antibiotherapy Prevent Unnecessary Prostate Biopsies in Patients With High PSA Values?

Actas Urologicas Espanolas — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotherapy given to patients with PSA levels higher than threshold value has not led to significant change in prostate needle biopsy decision. Prostate biopsy should be considered without trying antibiotherapy in patients with high PSA values if a suspicion of prostatitis does not exist. PMID: 22258038 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Actas Urologicas Espanolas)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor protects lung adenocarcinoma cells against cigarette sidestream smoke particulates-induced oxidative stress.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cheng YH, Huang SC, Lin CJ, Cheng LC, Li LA Abstract Environmental cigarette smoke has been suggested to promote lung adenocarcinoma progression through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-signaled metabolism. However, whether AhR facilitates metabolic activation or detoxification in exposed adenocarcinoma cells remains ambiguous. To address this question, we have modified the expression level of AhR in two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and examined their response to an extract of cigarette sidestream smoke particulates (CSSP). We found that overexpression of AhR in the CL1-5 cell line reduced CSSP-induced ROS production and oxidative DNA damage, whereas knockdown of AhR expression increased ROS level in CSSP-exposed H1355 cells. Oxidative stress sensor Nrf2 and its tar...

Atypical Neurofibroma and Osteosclerotic Metastasis

Journal of Biophysics — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 03:35:01 +0100

35-year-old male presented with multiple swellings in left leg, headache, weakness of limbs for 4 months, and blurring of vision for the last 15 days. On examination, he was pale, cachexic with generalized lymphadenopathy and lower motor neuron type weakness of limbs sparing right upper limb. Blood investigations showed anemia with high alkaline phosphatase. Chest radiograph revealed osteosclerotic metastatic lesion in humerus. Biopsy of leg lesion revealed atypical neurofibroma. Computed tomography (CT) of thorax revealed osteoblastic metastasis. Bone marrow aspiration showed cells with round to oval nuclei, fine granular chromatin with large central prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm with acini formation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spinal cord defined metast...

Association of HER2/ErbB2 Expression and Gene Amplification with Pathologic Features and Prognosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinomas.

Clinical Cancer Research — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: HER2 positivity was shown in 17% of resected EACs and associated with reduced tumor aggressiveness. EACs with BE had nearly twice the odds of being HER2 positive and, within this subgroup, HER2 positivity was independently associated with improved survival. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 546-54. ©2012 AACR. PMID: 22252257 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

A protocol for differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2 cells in asymmetric serum-containing medium.

Toxicology in Vitro — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ferruzza S, Rossi C, Scarino ML, Sambuy Y Abstract The human intestinal Caco-2 cell line still represents the best available in vitro model of absorptive enterocytes, despite its origin from a colon adenocarcinoma. Caco-2 cells seeded on filter inserts undergo in culture a process of spontaneous differentiation that leads to the formation, after two to three weeks, of a monolayer of polarized cell, coupled by tight junctions and expressing several morphological and functional features of small intestinal enterocytes. The medium normally used for differentiation of Caco-2 cells contains a supplement of foetal bovine serum (FBS) in both the apical (AP) and basolateral (BL) compartments. The use of FBS as cell culture media supplement has been frequently and increasingly ques...

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The Role of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule (CEACAM) 1, 5 and 6 as Prognostic Factors in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:11 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Evaluation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Reprogramming in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:09 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Prognostic Significance of CD44 Expression in Patients with Advanced T3/4 Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:08 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

The Plasma Fraction of Packed Red Blood Cells Increases Alternative Activation of Tumor Associated Macrophages

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:58 +0100

Introduction: Perioperative blood transfusion has been linked to decreased survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, although a causative mechanism has not been elucidated. Recent work, suggests that increased tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) also correlate with poor clinical outcomes wherein it is believe that tumors cells coapt macrophages to augment tumor growth by taking on an alternatively activated phenotype, which promotes angiogenesis and extracellular remodeling functions. Our lab has recently shown significant TAM expression of alternative activation markers within metastatic murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We hypothesize that transfusion of the plasma fraction of packed red blood cells increases TAM expression of alternative activation. Methods: C57/BL6 mice, age...

IPMN of the Pancreas? Correlation of Pathohistological Subtypes With Clinical Outcome

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:57 +0100

Introduction: IPMN of the pancreas are estimated to have a better prognosis than ductal adenocarcinomas. in addition to the different growth types (main duct vs. branch duct), the histological subtypes intestinal, pancreatobiliary, gastric and oncocystic type) became prognostically relevant. Subtypes can be characterized by different expression patterns of MUC using immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the IPMNs of two pancreatic centers regarding to MUC expression, subtypes and clinical outcome. Methods: Over a period of 10 years cases with IPMN were screened and subtypes were defined by histopathological- and immunohistochemical analysis of MUC (MUC1+, MUC1-, MUC2-, MUC5AC+). Furthermore we determined clinical and follow up data as well as patients outcome. Results: A total of 128 IPMN were...

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Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor: A Novel Modulator of Inflammation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Through Regulation of NF-KappaB Activity

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:57 +0100

Introduction: Several studies have identified a local renin angiotensin system in the pancreas and described its role in promoting the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). We and others have described the role of angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) in promoting PDA inflammation and angiogenesis. However, the role of the type 2 receptor (AT2R) in PDA progression has not been identified.We showed recently that in PDA cells, AT2R plays a role in tumor metabolism through mediating the induction of fatty acid synthase by AngII and down regulating the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). in this study, we evaluated the functional role of AT2R in PDA cells and explored its potential prometastatic and proinflammatory role in PDA. Methods: Basal levels of AT2...

Regulation of Ran GTPase By Cigarette Smoke in the Pancreas and in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:57 +0100

Introduction: Ran small GTPase (Ran) is a protein that plays physiological roles in the regulation of nuclear transport and microtubule spindle assembly. High levels of Ran have been reported to correlate with tumor progression and poor prognosis in several cancers. Recent studies have shown that Ran mediates the invasive functions of the prometastatic protein osteopontin (OPN). We have shown recently that OPN plays a critical role in mediating the prometastatic effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). in this study, we explored the expression of Ran in pancreatic lesions and correlated its expression with individual patient's smoking history. We also evaluated the functional role of RAN in PDA cells, its regulation by nicotine and the role of OPN ...

Gene Expression Analysis of Label-Retaining Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells: Defining a New Class of Cancer Stem Cell

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:57 +0100

Conclusions: We show that 3 pancreatic cancer cell lines contain LRCC. Based on the fact that LRCC are hypothesized to be putative stem cells, and we have demonstrated that pancreatic LRCC have a gene signature consistent with stem cells, we propose that pancreatic LRCC may represent a novel class of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Additionally, the unique gene signature of LRCC may provide novel targets for therapy specifically directed towards pancreatic cancer stem cells. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Clinical Significance of Serum COL6A3 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:57 +0100

Introduction: Type VI collagen (COL6) forms a microfibrillar network associated with type I collagen fibrils and constitutes a major component of the prominent desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). We have demonstrated recently that a subunit of COL6, COL6A3, is expressed in high levels in PDA tissue and that the COL6A3 gene undergoes tumor-specific alternative splicing. the aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value and clinical significance of circulating COL6A3 in PDA. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from patients that underwent pancreatic resection at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between 2006 and 2009. COL6A3 levels in the sera from patients with pathologically confirmed PDA (n=44), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) (n...