MedWorm: Bone Cancers

Living with rotationplasty—Quality of life in rotationplasty patients from childhood to adulthood

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:16:21 +0100

ConclusionsThe assessment of QoL by the SF‐36 questionnaire was effective, and a correspondence was found between what emerged from the quantitative study and the contents of the interview. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses that were highlighted is indispensable for parents and operators when choosing among the various surgical options and to facilitate coming to terms with the injury and the “scars”. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012;105:331–336. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Evaluation of arsenic trioxide by the pediatric preclinical testing program with a focus on Ewing sarcoma

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractArsenic trioxide was tested against the PPTP in vitro panel (1.0 nM to 10 µM) and against the PPTP Ewing sarcoma in vivo panel administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg daily × 5 per week for a planned treatment duration of 3 weeks. Arsenic trioxide showed a median relative IC50 value of 0.9 µM, with Ewing sarcoma cell lines having IC50 values similar to those of the remaining PPTP cell lines. Arsenic trioxide did not induce significant differences in EFS distribution compared to control in any of the Ewing sarcoma xenografts studied, and no objective responses were observed. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Initial testing (stage 1) of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor SCH 727965 (dinaciclib) by the pediatric preclinical testing program

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsSCH 727965 shows an interesting pattern of activity suggesting its potential applicability against selected childhood cancers, particularly leukemias. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

An osteosarcoma zebrafish model implicates Mmp‐19 and Ets‐1 as well as reduced host immune response in angiogenesis and migration

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:32:13 +0100

AbstractAbout 40% of osteosarcoma patients die of metastases. Novel strategies to improve treatment of metastatic patients require a better understanding of the processes involved, like angiogenesis, migration and the immune response. However the rarity of osteosarcoma and its heterogeneity make this neoplasm difficult to study. Recently we reported malignant transformation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which formed osteosarcoma upon transplantation into mice. Here we studied these cells in zebrafish embryos and found that transformed MSCs induced angiogenesis and migrated through the bodies of the embryos, but this was never observed with non‐transformed normal MSCs (progenitors of the transformed MSCs). Whole genomic expression analysis of both the cells and the host showed th...

Florence and the Machine fan, 20, who died from cancer is immortalised on single cover of her favourite band

the Mail online | Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 08:54:16 +0100

A portrait of Natalie Roberts from Alexandria in Scotland, who died from Ewing's Sarcoma in 2010, has been chosen to appear on the record cover by Florence and the Machine. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

Abdominal ultrasonographic findings at diagnosis of osteosarcoma in dogs and association with treatment outcome

Veterinary and Comparative Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe abdominal ultrasonographic findings present at diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs and to investigate for associations with treatment outcome. Medical records from 118 dogs diagnosed with OSA that had abdominal ultrasonography performed as part of their initial evaluation were reviewed. Fifty‐seven percent had ultrasonographic abnormalities identified. The organ with the highest frequency of ultrasonographic changes was the spleen. While most sonographic changes were considered to be either benign or of unknown clinical consequences, metastases were identified in three dogs (2.5%), two of which (1.7%) did not have other evidence of metastasis. Dogs with any ultrasonographic abnormality were less likely to receive definitive therapy (P...

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Gemcitabine and docetaxel (GEMDOX) for the treatment of relapsed and refractory pediatric sarcomas

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThe dismal outcomes for patients with relapsed and refractory sarcomas and the lack of effective sarcoma salvage regimens highlight the need for new approaches. This report of the therapeutic activity of gemcitabine and docetaxel (GEMDOX) in rhabdomyosarcoma and other pediatric reports describing activity in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma suggest that this combination should be considered for formal evaluation in a pediatric specific clinical trial. At a minimum, it appears to offer a reasonable, tolerable, palliative option. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

[Cancer and Society] Medikidz explain cancer

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The Medikidz are a gang of superheroes with a mission—to explain medical information to children in plain language. In a series that includes titles such as What's up with Lyndon? Medikidz explain osteosarcoma, these five superheroes help kids understand brain tumours, melanoma, and several other types of cancer that affect children and families. Each 32-page book is designed as a graphic novel with vibrant illustrations and recurring themes and characters to keep kids engaged with the medical content. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

[Review] Chordoma: current concepts, management, and future directions

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Chordoma is a rare bone cancer that is aggressive, locally invasive, and has a poor prognosis. Chordomas are thought to arise from transformed remnants of notochord and have a predilection for the axial skeleton, with the most common sites being the sacrum, skull base, and spine. The gold standard treatment for chordomas of the mobile spine and sacrum is en-bloc excision with wide margins and postoperative external-beam radiation therapy. Treatment of clival chordomas is unique from other locations with an enhanced emphasis on preservation of neurological function, typified by a general paradigm of maximally safe cytoreductive surgery and advanced radiation delivery techniques. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

Long‐term outcomes of epiphyseal preservation and reconstruction with inactivated bone for distal femoral osteosarcoma of children

Orthopaedic Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Inactivated bone reimplantation with preservation of the epiphysis for distal femoral osteosarcomas in children optimizes recovery of limb function and preservation of limb length. The main measures for improving clinical outcomes include preoperative analysis of the lesion's boundaries and extent of tumor invasion, bone grafting between inactivated and host bone, and timely treatment of complications. (Source: Orthopaedic Surgery)

Tumor-specific retargeting of an oncogenic transcription factor chimera results in dysregulation of chromatin and transcription [RESEARCH]

Genome Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Chromosomal translocations involving transcription factor genes have been identified in an increasingly wide range of cancers. Some translocations can create a protein "chimera" that is composed of parts from different proteins. How such chimeras cause cancer, and why they cause cancer in some cell types but not others, is not understood. One such chimera is EWS–FLI, the most frequently occurring translocation in Ewing Sarcoma, a malignant bone and soft tissue tumor of children and young adults. Using EWS–FLI and its parental transcription factor, FLI1, we created a unique experimental system to address questions regarding the genomic mechanisms by which chimeric transcription factors cause cancer. We found that in tumor cells, EWS–FLI targets regions of the genome distin...

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[Primary cervical epidural Ewing sarcoma].

Revista de Neurologia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Montes-Graciano G, de Quintana-Schmidt C, Clavel-Laria P, Bartumeus-Jene F, Molet-Teixido J PMID: 22278896 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista de Neurologia)

Primary malignant tumours of the bone

Surgery (Medicine Publishing) — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 14:21:38 +0100

Abstract: Primary bone tumours are rare, with approximately 400 new cases per year in the UK. The diagnosis of bone tumours are hampered by delays in presentation. Radiographic changes are often characteristic for each type of bone tumour and should alert the physician to investigate further. Investigations should include blood tests, local staging and systemic staging. MRI, CT of the chest and isotope bone scans are important in evaluating the tumour. The most common types of bone tumour are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma of bone and chordoma. The important pathological features and treatment of each type of tumour are described in this article. Early contact to a supra-regional bone tumour unit is mandatory when a bone tumour is suspected, where a multi...

Immunodetection of SV40 T/t-antigens in Human Osteosrcoma in a Series of Tunisian Patients.

Pathology Oncology Research — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study documents the presence SV40 T/t-antigens in a proportion of osteosarcomas in Tunisian patients. The expression of these viral oncoproteins supports the hypothesis that SV40 may have a role in the pathogenesis of this tumor. PMID: 22286959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pathology Oncology Research)

siRNAs target sites selection of ezrin and the influence of RNA interference on ezrin expression and biological characters of osteosarcoma cells.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shang X, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Wu K, Li X, Ji X, He R, Zhang W Abstract Ezrin, one of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) protein family which act as membrane organizers and linkers between plasma membrane and cytoskeleton, has attracted much attention as a crucial factor for tumor metastasis. Overexpression of ezrin has been correlated with the metastatic potential of several cancers especially for osteosarcoma. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) downregulate gene expression through an enzyme-mediated process named RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi has rapidly come to be recognized as a powerful tool for the study of gene function and a potential target therapy. In the present study, the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 was cultured. Three siRNAs targeting ezrin mRNA were designed by the mu...

Involvement of MMP-2 in adriamycin resistance dependent on ERK1/2 signal pathway in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology -- Medical Sciences -- — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:50:09 +0100

Summary Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) level and the ERK1/2 signal pathway are dependent factors for the growth and metastasis of cancer. However, the impact of MMP-2 in combination with ERK1/2 in tumor patients with drug resistance is unknown. To determine the relationship between MMP-2 and the ERK1/2 signal pathway, we established an adriamycin (ADM)-induced MG-63 (ADM-MG-63) cell line. With the increase of the ERK1/2 pathway blocker PD98059, we detected the expression levels of MMP-2 and p-ERK1/2 by Western blot in ADM-MG-63 cells. In ADM-MG-63 cells transfected with MMP-2-siRNA, the expression of ERK1/2 was detected for understanding the function of the ERK1/2 signal pathway. Three siRNAs for MMP-2 (MMP-2-siRNA) were designed, and the optimal one was selected and t...

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Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) found in 110 nephrectomized Japanese, of which 24 (22%) RCC cases showed 31 double or triple cancers

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:44:01 +0100

Abstract The causes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were investigated in 115 nephrectomized Japanese. Among them, 110 nephrectomized Japanese had RCC as follows: 86 clear cell RCC, 8 papillary RCC, 8 chromophobe RCC, 7 dialytic–multicystic RCC, and 1 liposarcoma, while 5 nephrectomized Japanese had benign renal tumors of oncocytoma (1), angiomyolipoma (2), and hemangioma (2). In the eight chromophobe RCC, three cases that resulted in death involved medullary RCC showing extensive oncogenic features. Double or triple cancers were found in 17 clear cell RCC, 5 papillary RCC, 1 chromophobe RCC, and 1 dialytic–multicystic RCC. Among 31 non-RCC found in 24 RCC cases, 23(74%) non-RCC were removed prenephrectomy. Prenephrectomy adenocarcinoma and postnephrectomy squamous cell c...

Methylene diphosphonate-conjugated adriamycin liposomes: preparation, characteristics, and targeted therapy for osteosarcomas in vitro and in vivo.

Biomedical Microdevices — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wu D, Wan M Abstract Methylenediphosphonate (MDP)-conjugated adriamycin liposomes (MDP-LADMs) were prepared using mild dynamic dialysis equilibrium method, and their targeted therapeutic effects against osteosarcomas and metastatic SOSP-M lung nodules were evaluated in vivo. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the MDP-LADMs were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography, and their size and morphology of the MDP-LADMs were determined using transmission electron microscopy and a particle size analyzer, respectively. Cells apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity. The targeted therapeutic effects of MDP-LADMs against UMR106 and SOSP-M osteosarcoma cells were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliu...

The prognostic value of elevated vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis and systemic review

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 12:27:12 +0100

Conclusions The prognostic significance of VEGF expression in all its isoforms is still unknown based on the limited data available, but we find VEGF165 may play an important role. Future studies should examine the relationship between VEGF isoform expression and patients’ survival and the relationship between VEGF isoform expression and EMMPRIN expression, which could be helpful for predicting the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma. Once the conclusion of whether the VEGF and its isoforms playing a role in osteosarcoma were reached, it would help guide clinical decision-making regarding therapy and outcomes. In addition, we recommend a >25% positive staining of the cells as a VEGF-positive cut-off value in immunohistochemistry, since we find a relatively strict ...

Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney: Two Unusual Presentations of a Rare Tumor

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 11:17:40 +0100

We present here two cases of renal ES/PNET with an uncanny presentation. The first case was discovered after the patient presented clinically with irradiating flank pain, mimicking the pain related with kidney stones. The second case had clinical presentation of pulmonary thromboembolism after the patient was involved in an automobilist accident. The tumors were mainly composed of small blue cells which by immunohistochemical were positive for neural markers, and FISH revealed the translocation 22q12 for the EWSR1 gene. The diagnosis of renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor/EWING tumor is very rare and usually involves several different diagnostic techniques. The differential diagnosis is usually broad with frequent overlapping features between the entities. The cases presented in this pap...

Different expression of CD146 in human normal and osteosarcoma cell lines

Medical Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:54:28 +0100

Abstract The CD146 cell membrane adhesion molecule is highly expressed on the cell surface of several tumours. The level of its expression has been found to correlate directly with tumour progression and metastatic potential, thus establishing CD146 as an important candidate of tumour growth and metastasis. In order to characterize its expression in human osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines, we have examined the CD146 expression at protein and RNA levels in both normal and tumour osteoblast-like cell lines by several methods. Our results indicate that CD146 protein is expressed at low levels in normal osteoblast cells whereas it is highly expressed in all OS cell lines analysed, (SaOS, MG-63, U-2OS). Moreover, CD146 overexpression was partially reduced in shYY1 cells, where the Y...

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A phase II trial of sorafenib in relapsed and unresectable high-grade osteosarcoma after failure of standard multimodal therapy: an Italian Sarcoma Group study

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Sorafenib demonstrated activity as a second- or third-line treatment in terms of PFS at 4 months with some unprecedented long-lasting responses. Sorafenib, the first targeted therapy showing activity in osteosarcoma patients, deserves further investigations. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

BMP‐2 inhibits tumor growth of human renal cell carcinoma and induces bone formation

International Journal of Cancer — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study investigates the effect of BMP‐2 on human renal cell carcinoma using ACHN and Caki‐2 cell lines. Three types of BMP receptors were found to be expressed in ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. In vitro, BMP‐2 was found to inhibit the growth of ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. The antiproliferative effect seems to be due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which was revealed by flow cytometry analysis. Using RT‐PCR analysis, we demonstrated BMP‐2 up‐regulated osteogenic markers Runx‐2 and Collagen Type I gene expression in ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. Treatment of ACHN and Caki‐2 cells with BMP‐2 induced a rapid phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. In vivo, all animals receiving low number of ACHN (1×104) and Caki‐2 (5×104) cells treated with 30 μg BMP‐2 per animal showed limited tum...

Similar Survival but Better Function for Patients after Limb Salvage versus Amputation for Distal Tibia Osteosarcoma.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Patients treated with either limb salvage or amputation experience similar survival, local recurrence, and complications, but better function is achievable for patients treated with limb salvage versus amputation. Local recurrence and complications are more common in patients with limb salvage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID: 22270466 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research)

An arrayed human genomic library constructed in the PAC shuttle vector pJCPAC-Mam2 for genome-wide association studies and gene therapy.

Gene — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fuesler J, Nagahama Y, Szulewski J, Mundorff J, Bireley S, Coren JS Abstract The various iterations of the HapMap Project and many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of potential genes involved in monogenic and multifactorial traits. We constructed an arrayed 115,000-member human genomic library in the PAC shuttle vector pJCPAC-Mam2 that can be propagated in both bacterial and human cells. The library appears to represent a two-fold coverage of the human genome. Transient transfection of a p53-containing PAC clone into p53-null Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells demonstrated that both p53 mRNA and protein were produced. Additionally, expression of the p53 protein triggered apoptosis in a subset of the Saos-2 cells. This library should serve as a v...

Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractUmbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to inhibit breast cancer cell growth but it is not known whether this effect is specific to only breast cancer cells. We compared the effects of human Wharton's jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts [conditioned medium (hWJSC‐CM) and cell lysate (hWJSC‐CL)] on breast adenocarcinoma (MDA‐MB‐231), ovarian carcinoma (TOV‐112D) and osteosarcoma (MG‐63) cells. The cells were treated with either hWJSC‐CM (50%) or hWJSC‐CL (15μg/ml) for 48 h‐72 h and changes in cell morphology, proliferation, cycle, gene expression, migration and cell death studied. All three cancer cell lines showed cell shrinkage, blebbing and vacuolations with hWJSC‐CL and hWJSC‐CM compared to controls. MTT and BrdU assays showed inhibition ...

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Effects of Indomethacin, Nimesulide, and Diclofenac on Human MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cell Line

Biological Research For Nursing — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide and serve as treatment of some degenerative inflammatory joint diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of three NSAIDs on cell proliferation, differentiation, antigenic profile, and cell cycle in the human MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line, incubated for 24 hr. All NSAIDs had an inhibiting effect on osteoblastic proliferation. Treatments for 24 hr had small but significant effects on the antigenic profile. No treatment altered osteocalcin synthesis. Indomethacin and nimesulide treatments arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1. These results suggest that indomethacin, nimesulide, and diclofenac appear to have no effects on osteocalcin synthesis ...

Synthesis, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activity of 1,2-Naphthoquinone and Its Derivatives.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shukla S, Srivastava RS, Shrivastava SK, Sodhi A, Kumar P Abstract In the present study substituted 1,2-naphthoquinones were synthesized, purified and characterized by spectroscopic studies (UV, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13) C NMR and elemental analysis). These compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines (Hep-G(2) for liver sarcoma(,) MG-63 for osteosarcoma and MCF-7 for human breast cancer). The cells were dosed with these ortho-naphthoquinone derivatives at varying concentrations, and cell viability was measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with doxorubicin as positive control. Significant anticancer activities were observed in vitro for some members of the series, and compounds 1,2-naph...

Overexpression of potassium channel ether à go-go in human osteosarcoma.

Neoplasma — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 04:30:02 +0100

Authors: Wu J, Wu X, Lian K, Lin B, Guo L, Ding Z Abstract Human ether à go-go (hEAG) potassium channels are primarily expressed in brain but also frequently overexpressed in solid tumors, which could indicate their potential value for cancer diagnosis and therapy. hEAG1, one member of the hEAG subfamily, has been shown to play a role in neoplastic process. Here we report the expression of hEAG1 in human osteosarcoma detected by a new polyclonal antibody. The full-length hEAG1 cDNA was cloned from human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 by RT-PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli as His tagged protein. The 6His-hEAG1F protein was purified by nickel agarose and used as the antigen to immunize rabbits following standard protocols. The obtained antiserum could detect hEAG1 exogenously ...

STAT3 Regulates Proliferation and Immunogenicity of the Ewing Family of Tumors In Vitro

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 17:01:46 +0100

The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) represents an aggressive spectrum of malignant tumour types with common defining histological and cytogenetic features. To evaluate the functional activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in ESFT, we evaluated its activation in primary tissue sections and observed the functional consequences of its inhibition in ESFT cell lines. STAT3 was activated (tyrosine 705-phosphorylated) in 18 out of 31 primary tumours (58%), either diffusely (35%) or focally (23%). STAT3 was constitutively activated in 3 out of 3 ESFT cell lines tested, and its specific chemical inhibition resulted in complete loss of cell viability. STAT3 inhibition in ESFT cell lines was associated with several consistent changes in chemokine profile sugges...

Phase I/II Trial and Pharmacokinetic Study of Cixutumumab in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors and Ewing Sarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group [Pediatric Oncology]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Cixutumumab is well tolerated in children with refractory solid tumors. The recommended phase II dose is 9 mg/kg. Limited single-agent activity of cixutumumab was seen in ES. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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FDA Approves Voraxaze To Treat Patients With Chemotherapy Toxicity

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 01:00:00 +0100

Voraxaze is an enzyme that rapidly breaks down the chemotherapy drug methotrexate to a byproduct that the body can more easily eliminate. Voraxaze is given intravenously. Methotrexate was developed in the 1950s as a chemotherapy and is used either alone or in combination with other drugs. It is effective for the treatment of a number of cancers including: breast, head and neck, leukemia, lymphoma, lung, osteosarcoma, bladder, and trophoblastic neoplasms... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid affects γH2AX expression in osteosarcoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and normal tissue cell lines after irradiation

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:17:42 +0100

Conclusion SAHA increases radiosensitivity in tumor but not normal tissue cell lines. The increased H2AX phosphorylation status of the SAHA-treated tumor cells post irradiation likely reflects its delayed dephosphorylation within the DNA damage signal decay rather than chromatin acetylation-dependent differences in the overall efficacy of DSB induction and rejoining. The results support the hypothesis that combining SAHA with irradiation may provide a promising strategy in the treatment of solid tumors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00066-011-0028-5Authors C. Blattmann, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Pulmology, University Children’s Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Ger...

The oncology of otology

The Laryngoscope — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Otologic surgery plays an important role in managing cancers that involve the ear canal, temporal bone, or lateral skull base. The specialty of otologic oncology is emerging as a defined area of practice. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Outcome for adolescent and young adult patients with osteosarcoma

Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:In osteosarcoma, age 18 to 30 years is associated with a statistically significant poorer outcome because of an increased rate of relapse. Poorer outcome in adolescent and young adult patients is not explained by tumor location, histologic response, or metastatic disease at presentation. Cancer 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity of one-dimensional chain [Fe(salen)(L)](n) complexes against human cancer cell lines.

Toxicology in Vitro — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dvořák Z, Starha P, Sindelář Z, Trávníček Z Abstract The 1d-polymeric iron(III) complexes [Fe(salen)(μ-L)](n) (1-6), involving a deprotonated form of the N-donor heterocyclic compounds (l) imidazole (complex 1), 1,2,4-triazole (2), benztriazole (3), 5-methyltetrazole (4), 5-aminotetrazole (5) and 5-phenyltetrazole (6), were studied for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines including lung carcinoma (A549), cervix epithelial carcinoma (HeLa), osteosarcoma (HOS), malignant melanoma (G361), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), ovarian carcinoma (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780cis). Cytotoxicity in vitro (IC(50)=0.39-0.48μM) was achieved for 2-6 against A2780 (IC(50) of cisplatin equals 11.5μM) as well as for 5 and 6 agains...

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Ewing's Sarcoma

About.com Eating Disorders — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Ewing's sarcoma is a rare type of bone tumor seen in children and adolescents. Ewing's sarcoma treatment usually consist of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. (Source: About.com Eating Disorders)

Color Doppler Ultrasonography Evaluation for Chemotherapy Treatment Response of Osteogenic Sarcoma

Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 19:41:40 +0100

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vascular parameters of the proximal peripheral arteries of limbs by color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) in individuals with osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their relation to the tumor necrosis rate. We recruited 50 individuals with osteogenic sarcoma who were scheduled for neoadjuvant chemotherapy before elective surgery from 2003 to 2010. Once enrolled, we evaluated these 50 subjects using color Doppler sonography to identify vascular parameters of tumor vessels before and after neoadjuvant therapy. The vascular parameters of the proximal peripheral arteries of limbs (peak systolic velocity [PSV], end-diastolic velocity [EDV], resistive index [RI]) and tumor neovascularity were compared before and after neoad...

Anticancer activity of bovine α‐lactalbumin treated with microbial transglutaminase

International Journal of Dairy Technology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 12:24:09 +0100

This study investigated the effects of bovine α‐lactalbumin (α‐La) treated with microbial transglutaminase on human cancer cells, cell cultures and growth rate assays. The anticancer activity for 10 mg/mL of bovine α‐lactalbumin (α‐La) was measured as ∼90% in a human colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116. For the human bone cancer cell line SJSA‐1, α‐La hydrolysis resulted in higher cytotoxicity compared to untreated tumour cells. The formation of polymers of α‐La was suppressed by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, indicating that polymers of α‐La are promoted by metal ions such as Ca2+. The effect of α‐La on the morphology of SJSA‐1 cells was manifested as morphological changes compatible with apoptosis. Bovine milk α‐La with and without mic...

Spectroscopic Characterization of an Oxovanadium(IV) Complex of Oxodiacetic Acid and o-Phenanthroline. Bioactivity on Osteoblast-Like Cells in Culture.

Biological Trace Element Research — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: León IE, Etcheverry SB, Parajón-Costa BS, Baran EJ Abstract The oxovanadium(IV) complex of oxodiacetic acid (H(2)ODA) and o-phenanthroline of stoichiometry [VO(ODA)(ophen)][Symbol: see text]1.5H(2)O, which presents the interesting tridentate OOO coordination, was thoroughly characterized by infrared, Raman, and electronic spectroscopies. The biological activity of the complex on the cell proliferation was tested on osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3E1 osteoblastic mouse calvaria-derived cells and UMR106 rat osteosarcoma-derived cells) in culture. The complex caused inhibition of cellular proliferation in both osteoblast cell lines in culture, but the cytotoxicity was stronger in the normal (MC3T3E1) than in the tumoral (UMR106) osteoblasts. PMID: 22246791 [PubMed - as supp...

Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Neck: CT Findings [CASE REPORTS]

American Journal of Neuroradiology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a case of DDL with an osteosarcomatous component affecting the right neck. CT showed a lipomatous region with thick septa, a low-attenuation high-water-content component, and a sporadic heterogeneous high-attenuation calcified area., (Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology)

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Millimeter wave treatment induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrial-dependent pathway in human osteosarcoma cells.

International Journal of Oncology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Millimeter wave treatment induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrial-dependent pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol. 2012 Jan 12; Authors: Wu G, Chen X, Peng J, Cai Q, Ye J, Xu H, Zheng C, Li X, Ye H, Liu X Abstract Millimeter wave (MW) is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 1 and 10 mm and a frequency of 30-300 GHz that causes multiple biological effects and has been used as a major component in physiotherapies for the clinical treatment of various types of diseases including cancers. However, the precise molecular mechanism of the anticancer activity of millimeter wave remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the cellular effects of the MW in the U-2OS human osteosarcoma ...

Inhibition of Csn3 expression induces growth arrest and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 17:51:02 +0100

Conclusion Collectively, this study demonstrates Csn3 as an oncogene that regulates the tumorigenesis process in HCC cells. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00280-011-1810-xAuthors Yong-sheng Yu, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 ChinaZheng-hao Tang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 ChinaQing-chun Pan, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai, 200233 ChinaXiao-hua Chen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Road...

The cell of origin of cranial Ewing's sarcoma: the dilemma persists

Acta Neurochirurgica — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 17:01:17 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00701-011-1263-3Authors Pravin Salunke, Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER, Sector 12, Chandigarh, IndiaKirti Gupta, Department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, IndiaJ Pfeifer, Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA Journal Acta NeurochirurgicaOnline ISSN 0942-0940Print ISSN 0001-6268 (Source: Acta Neurochirurgica)

About the article “Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of cranial bones: analysis of ten patients” by Pravin Shashikant Salunke et al. Can we tell the exact origin of cranial Ewing's sarcoma?

Acta Neurochirurgica — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 17:01:16 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the editorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00701-011-1262-4Authors Francesco Portaluri, Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, Milan, ItalyRamon Navarro, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Department of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. R209, Stanford, CA, USA Journal Acta NeurochirurgicaOnline ISSN 0942-0940Print ISSN 0001-6268 (Source: Acta Neurochirurgica)

Rapidly growing intrathoracic extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a surgical case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma that had been followed-up as a stable sized tumour for many years, which then grew rapidly within a year. A 27-year old female patient with a rapidly growing abnormal shadow on chest roentgenogram was admitted to our department. She had undergone periodic examinations including chest computed tomography (CT) scans for 6 years since a small nodule in her chest had been pointed out by chest roentgenogram. The initial CT demonstrated a solitary nodule with a diameter of 20 mm on the parietal pleura that covered the V rib of the posterior chest wall. For 5 years the tumour's size did not change noticeably but it suddenly grew to about 90 mm diameter in a year. The tumour volume doubling time was calculated to be 17 days. (Sou...

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Wnt5a-Ror2 Signaling in MMP-13 Expression [Gene Regulation]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

It has been shown that constitutively active Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in osteosarcoma cell lines plays crucial roles in induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), required for their invasiveness; however, it remains largely unclear about the molecular basis of MMP-13 gene induction by Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling. Here we show by reporter assay that the activator protein 1 (AP1) (binding site in the promoter region of MMP-13 gene is primarily responsible for its transcriptional activation by Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in osteosarcoma cell lines SaOS-2 and U2OS. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that c-Jun and ATF2 are crucial transcription factors recruited to the AP1-binding site in the MMP-13 gene promoter during Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in SaOS-2 cells. Using siRNA-mediated suppr...

Primary telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the cervical spine.

Journal of Neurosurgery.Spine — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This report reiterates that TOS is an important differential diagnosis for aneurysmal bone cyst and giant-cell tumor of the spine, as its biological behavior and clinical outcome differ from those of these more benign lesions, which it mimics. PMID: 22225487 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Neurosurgery.Spine)

Upregulation of a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 8 Influences Tumor Metastasis and Prognosis in Patients with Osteosarcoma.

Pathology Oncology Research — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li Z, Liao Q, Wu Y, Liao M, Hao Y, Zhang S, Song S, Li B, Zhang YD Abstract To investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 8 (ADAM8) in osteosarcoma. ADAM8 expression in osteosarcoma tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry in 69 patients. ADAM8 was positively expressed in 61 of 69 (88.4%) osteosarcoma specimens with cytoplasmic staining, and also increased in the specimens with recurrence (P = 0.008) and metastasis (P = 0.002). Patients with strong ADAM8 expression had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (both P < 0.001) when compared with the patients with the weak expression of ADAM8. On multivariate analysis, ADAM8 expression was found to be an independent progno...

Relevance of the POS-1 Orthotopic Model As An “Imaging Model” for In Vivo and Simultaneous Monitoring of Tumor Proliferation and Bone Remodeling in Osteosarcoma

Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 04:04:28 +0100

Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals)

The Efficacy of Abraxane on Osteosarcoma Xenografts in Nude Mice and Expression of Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The antitumor effect of Abraxane was demonstrated in osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo. It suggests that SPARC tends to be highly expressed in osteosarcoma and further experiments need to explore its clinical relevance and the possible mechanisms. PMID: 22222334 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences)

HMGB1 Promotes Drug Resistance in Osteosarcoma

Cancer Research — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we implicate the DNA-binding protein HMGB1, which also exerts immunoregulatory effects in its secreted form, in the development of drug resistance in osteosarcoma. Anticancer agents including doxorubicin, cisplatin, and methotrexate each induced HMGB1 upregulation in human osteosarcoma cells, and RNA interference–mediated knockdown of HMGB1 restored the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic investigation revealed that HMGB1 increased drug resistance by inducing autophagy, an intracellular self-defense mechanism known to confer drug resistance. We found that HMGB1 bound to the autophagy regulator Beclin1 and regulated the formation of the Beclin1–PI3KC3 [PI3KC3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class 3] complex that facilitates autophagic p...

Expression and Function of Survivin in Canine Osteosarcoma

Cancer Research — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we illustrate the superiority of a canine osteosarcoma model as a translational tool for evaluating survivin-directed therapies, owing to the striking similarities in gross and microscopic appearance, biologic behavior, gene expression, and signaling pathway alterations. Elevated survivin expression in primary canine osteosarcoma tissue correlated with increased histologic grade and mitotic index and a decreased disease-free interval (DFI). Survivin attenuation in canine osteosarcoma cells inhibited cell-cycle progression, increased apoptosis, mitotic arrest, and chemosensitivity, and cooperated with chemotherapy to significantly improve in vivo tumor control. Our findings illustrate the utility of a canine system to more accurately model human osteosarcoma and strongly sugg...

Genetically Modified T cells Targeting Interleukin-11 Receptor {alpha}-Chain Kill Human Osteosarcoma Cells and Induce the Regression of Established Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases

Cancer Research — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The treatment of osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases remains a challenge. T cells genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which recognizes a tumor-associated antigen, have shown activity against hematopoietic malignancies in clinical trials, but this requires the identification of a specific receptor on the tumor cell. In the current study, we found that interleukin (IL)-11Rα was selectively expressed on 14 of 16 osteosarcoma patients' lung metastases and four different human osteosarcoma cell lines, indicating that IL-11Rα may be a novel target for CAR-specific T-cell therapy. IL-11Rα expression was absent or low in normal organ tissues, with the exception of the gastrointestinal tract. IL-11Rα-CAR–specific T cells were obtained by non-viral gene transfer of...

Acute cauda equina syndrome due to primary Ewing's sarcoma of the spine

Neurology India — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

R Krishnakumar, J RenjitkumarNeurology India 2011 59(6):931-933 (Source: Neurology India)

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Inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the antitumor activity of cepharanthine in SaOS2 cells.

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Our findings suggest that inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the anti-tumor activity of CEP. PMID: 22212432 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica)

Treatment of a severe neglected valgus deformity after excision of the distal fibula for Ewing's sarcoma.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jung ST, Park HW, Chung JY Abstract In distal fibular resection without reconstruction, the stabilising effect of the lateral malleolus is lost. Thus, the ankle may collapse into valgus and may be unstable in varus. Here, we describe a child who underwent successful staged surgical correction of a severe neglected valgus deformity after excision of the distal fibula for a Ewing's sarcoma. PMID: 22219262 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume)

Primary renal osteosarcoma with systemic dissemination.

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a case of renal osteosarcoma in a 65-year-old female, who developed regional recurrence, and lung and bone metastases soon after radical nephrectomy for localized disease. Chemotherapy was ineffective in controlling systemic disease. PMID: 22237231 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation)

Osteosarcoma at the site of titanium orthopaedic implants in a dog

Australian Veterinary Journal — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

An Alaskan Malamute underwent unilateral tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) surgery to stabilise a stifle joint with a deficient cranial cruciate ligament. The dog made an excellent recovery with no postoperative complications, until 20 months post‐surgery when he presented with acute onset ipsilateral pelvic limb lameness. Osteosarcoma (OSA) was diagnosed adjacent to the titanium implants. Currently, there is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of OSA adjacent to orthopaedic implants in canine patients. The clinical, radiological and pathological findings of this case of periprosthetic OSA, and a potential causal relationship between titanium implants and bone neoplasia, are discussed. (Source: Australian Veterinary Journal)

Potential of the gastric motility drug lorglumide in prostate cancer imaging.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sturzu A, Sheikh S, Klose U, Echner H, Kalbacher H, Deeg M, Nägele T, Horger M, Schwentner C, Ernemann U, Heckl S Abstract The use of tissue-specific receptor ligands is a promising approach for cancer diagnostics and therapy. Lorglumide, a highly effective competitive ligand for the cholecystokinine-A receptor (CCKRA) was conjugated to a fluorescent dye and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent to obtain a bifunctional marker for tissue with high CCKRA expression. An intermediate conjugate containing only lorglumide and a fluorescent dye was also produced. By performing CCKRA mRNA expression analysis on carcinoma cell lines we found that CCKRA is highly expressed in PC3 prostate carcinoma cells compared to U373 glioma and U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Uptake, spec...

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Current concepts on pathogenesis and biology of metastatic osteosarcoma tumors.

Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Poletajew S, Fus L, Wasiutyński A Abstract Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) remains the most common malignancy among orthopaedic neoplasms. Despite advanced surgical techniques and attempts to use second-line chemotherapy, 5 year overall survival in OS patients is still reported to be as low as 60-70%. Progression to metastatic disease is the main cause of treatment failures. Broadening current knowledge on the pathogenesis and biology of metastatic OS tumors is a key element in improving treatment results, i.e. identifying potential therapeutic targets. Recent studies have brought new concepts into this field. This paper outlines the most important issues which may influence treatment methods in the near future. In a few sections, we discuss (1) a model of OS dissemination wit...

Resveratrol and diallyl disulfide enhance curcumin-induced sarcoma cell apoptosis.

Cell Research — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 03:18:12 +0100

In this study we evaluated whether, as compared to the single compounds, the combination of DADS+RES, DADS+CUR and RES+CUR resulted in an enhancement of their antitumor potential on malignant rhabdoid (SJ-RH4, RD/18) or osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cell lines. Through FACS analysis and activated caspase-3 labeling we demonstrate that CUR induces apoptosis of rabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma cells and that this effect is potentiated when CUR is combined with RES or DADS. Further, we explored the effects of the compounds, alone or in combination, on signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis and growth of cancer cells and show that in rhabdomyosarcoma cells the apoptotic effect of CUR, either alone or in combination, is independent of p53 activity. Our findings suggest that CUR and CUR-base...

Intraosseous meningioma mimicking osteosarcoma in an adolescent: a case report.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 18:00:03 +0100

Authors: Eras MA, Tari R, Ozturk G, Oz B, Bilge T Abstract Intaosseous meningiomas (IM) are the one of the less frequent benign tumors of the skull. The etiology of IM has not been cleared yet. The frontoparietal and orbital regions are the most common locations for IM. The average age for IM diagnosis is 50.5. A 16-year-old girl with a right frontoparietal mass was referred to our outpatient clinic. Cranial CT revealed a mass lesion which resulted in expansion in the right parietal and posterior frontal bone, having lytic and sclerotic regions inside with accompanying irregular cortex in inner and outer tables of the calvarium. Prediagnosis was osteosarcoma according to the imaging studies and after the performed biopsy and consecutive surgery, the lesion was dia...

Phase II Study of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Ridaforolimus in Patients With Advanced Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas [Sarcomas]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Single-agent ridaforolimus in patients with advanced and pretreated sarcomas led to PFS results that compare favorably with historical metrics. A phase III trial based on these data will further define ridaforolimus activity in sarcomas. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

ERK5 regulates invasiveness of osteosarcoma by inducing MMP‐9

Journal of Orthopaedic Research — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the role of ERK5 in cellular invasion of osteosarcoma (OS). The human OS cell line (MG63, SaOS, and U2OS) and primary OS cells were used for the study. The expression of ERK5 and MMP‐9 in each cell was examined by western blot or RT‐PCR. To evaluate the biological role of ERK5, proliferation assay (MTT) and invasion assay (BD Matrigel™) were performed after silencing ERK5 using siRNA. MMPs expressions were analyzed using RT‐PCR and zymography after silencing ERK5. ERK5 was distinctly overexpressed in U2OS and primary OS cell. Both of them also expressed MMP‐9, which was not shown in MG63 and SaOS in RT‐PCR. ERK5 silencing did not suppress the proliferation of OS cells. However, ERK5 silencing significantly reduced the number of ...

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Neferine, an alkaloid ingredient in lotus seed embryo, inhibits proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by promoting p38 MAPK-mediated p21 stabilization.

European Journal of Pharmacology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this report we studied the effects of neferine, a major alkaloid component in lotus embryos, on human osteosarcoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. We found that neferine possessed a potent growth-inhibitory effect on human osteosarcoma cells, but not on non-neoplastic human osteoblast cells. The inhibitory effect of neferine on human osteosarcoma cells was largely attributed to cell cycle arrest at G1. The induction of G1 arrest was p21(WAF1/CIP1)-dependent, but was independent of p53 or RB (retinoblastoma-associated protein). The up-regulation of p21 by neferine was due to an increase in the half-life of p21 protein. We examined four kinases that are known to affect the stabilization of p21, and found that p38 MAPK and JNK were activated by neferine. However, only SB203580 (an inh...

Lentivirus transduction of human osteoclast precursor cells and differentiation into functional osteoclasts

Bone — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100

This study represents a step towards considering human gene therapy for bone cancer by demonstrating successful transduction of human OcP for use as cellular delivery vehicles to sites of bone cancer. (Source: Bone)

Perturbation of 14q32 miRNAs-cMYC gene network in osteosarcoma

Bone — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 20:53:30 +0100

Abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the common histological form of primary bone cancer and one of the leading aggressive cancers in children under age fifteen. Although several genetic predisposing conditions have been associated with OS the understanding of its molecular etiology is limited. Here, we show that microRNAs (miRNAs) at the chr.14q32 locus are significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma compared to normal bone tissues. Bioinformatic predictions identified that a subset of 14q32 miRNAs (miR-382, miR-369-3p, miR-544 and miR-134) could potentially target cMYC transcript. The physical interaction between these 14q32 miRNAs and cMYC was validated using reporter assays. Further, restoring expression of these four 14q32 miRNAs decreased cMYC levels and induced apoptosis in Saos2 cells. W...

The functional MDM2 T309G genetic variant but not P53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is associated with risk of sarcomas: a meta-analysis

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:45:26 +0100

Conclusion These results suggest that the functional MDM2 T309G genetic variant may play a more important role in carcinogenesis of sarcoma. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00432-011-1124-8Authors Xu Cai, Department of Orthopedics, Division of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaMing Yang, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P. O. Box 53, Beijing, 100029 China Journal Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical OncologyOnline ISSN 1432-1335Print ISSN 0171-5216 (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology)

Video: Trick-shot golfer determined to fight cancer

Health News: CBSNews.com — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 14:29:14 +0100

Ben Witter, known in the golf world as the Tiger Woods of trick shots, almost went pro until his diagnosis of salivary gland cancer. Now, his 16-year-old daughter is battling bone cancer. Jim Axelrod reports. (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

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TSSC3 overexpression associates with growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and enhances chemotherapeutic effects in human osteosarcoma

Carcinogenesis — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we found TSSC3 to be downregulated during osteosarcoma transformation and progression in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues. The SaOS2 cell line was used to further evaluate the precise role of TSSC3 in osteosarcoma development. Overexpression of TSSC3 markedly reduced cell vitality and growth, colony formation, Ki67 expression as well as cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Consistently, TSSC3 overexpression was associated with increased apoptosis assayed by annexin V/propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining. Subcutaneous injection of TSSC3 overexpressing SaOS2 cells into athymic nude mice showed that TSSC3 also inhibited tumorigenesis through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in vivo. Further mecha...

Overexpression of ZEB1 relates to metastasis and invasion in osteosarcoma

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThe overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma may be related to the carcinogenesis and development as well as metastasis and invasion of osteosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

High‐grade osteosarcoma treated with hemicortical resection and biological reconstruction

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsHemicortical resection for high‐grade osteosarcomas located eccentrically in the long bones may be a reliable technique leading to good joint function by preserving surrounding healthy tissues. The functional outcome was encouraging, although long‐term follow‐up is mandatory to validate. With the advancement of chemotherapy and radiographic three‐dimensional imaging, the safe margin in wide excision of high‐grade osteosarcoma may be narrowed down in light of joint surface preservation. J. Surg. Oncol © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Osteosarcoma of the patella: A case report.

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We present a rare case of osteosarcoma involving the patella. A 30-year-old Japanese woman first consulted our out-patient clinic with a 2-year history of knee pain. Radiographs showed an enlargement of the patella with irregular distribution of both osteolytic and sclerotic lesions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated soft tissue extension at the anterior part of the patella. Incisional biopsy showed abundant osteoid formation by spindle-shaped malignant cells, and the histological diagnosis was conventional osteosarcoma. The patient underwent preoperative chemotherapy, but there was no response. Furthermore, she developed a pathological fracture during chemotherapy. She underwent above-the-knee amputation with postoperative chemotherapy. She developed multiple...

Tumoral or traumatic musculoskeletal lesions: not always so easy.

Cancer Imaging — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 17:24:03 +0100

Authors: Vanel D, Alberghini M, Gambarotti M, Picci P Abstract The radiologist and the pathologist must work together to reach a high level of diagnostic accuracy in primary bone tumors. There are some 'leave me alone lesions' such as nonossifying fibroma, osteochondroma, fibrous dysplasia, desmoid fibroma, chondromas, for which biopsy is not only useless but can be falsely worrying. In those cases, biopsy is only done when there is a clinical or radiological problem, especially in the case of fracture. In myositis ossificans, life is much easier for the radiologist (painful inflammatory lesion, late peripheral calcifications) than for the pathologist, as a biopsy at the transition zone of the lesion may mimic an osteosarcoma. Pseudotumors are also much better diagnosed by the team...

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Nuclear IRS‐1 and cancer

Journal of Cellular Physiology — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 02:17:44 +0100

AbstractThe family of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) consists of four proteins (IRS‐1 ‐ IRS‐4), which were initially characterized as typical cytosolic adaptor proteins involved in insulin receptor (IR) and insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR) signaling. The first cloned and characterized member of the IRS family, IRS‐1, has predicted molecular weight of 132 kDa, however, as a result of its extensive serine phosphorylation it separates on a SDS gel as a band of approximately 160‐185 kDa. In addition to its metabolic and growth‐promoting functions, IRS‐1 is also suspected to play a role in malignant transformation. The mechanism by which IRS‐1 supports tumor growth is not fully understood, and the argument that IRS‐1 merely amplifies the signal from the IG...

Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma: Spectrum of Imaging Findings

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare mesenchymal malignancy of soft tissue, histologically indistinguishable from primary osteosarcoma of bone. However, there are distinct differences in demographics, imaging features, prognosis, and management compared with osteogenic osteosarcoma. Imaging characteristics reflect tumor morphology, with only 50% of primary tumors showing mineralization. Metastases may or may not show mineralization, even if present in the primary tumor. The overall prognosis is poor. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Tumor necrosis predicts survival following neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy for hepatoblastoma

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsExtent of tumor necrosis following neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed HB. Histological response may potentially be used in strategies to modify post‐surgical therapy to improve survival in HB. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Initial testing of the multitargeted kinase inhibitor pazopanib by the pediatric preclinical testing program

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractPazopanib is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular growth factor receptor‐1, ‐2, and ‐3, platelet derived growth factor receptor‐α, platelet derived growth factor receptor‐β, and KIT that has demonstrated activity against a variety of adult cancer xenografts. Pazopanib was tested against a panel of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma xenografts at a dose of 108 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg twice daily, administered orally for 28 days. While no objective responses were observed, pazopanib induced statistically significant differences in event‐free survival compared to controls in approximately one‐half of the sarcoma xenograft models tested. Though well tolerated, pazopanib showed limited activity against the sarcoma models evaluated, with the best...

Bone cancer in 2011: Prevention and treatment of bone metastases

Nature Clinical Practice Oncology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 9, 76 (2012). doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.198 Author: Robert E. Coleman Bone-targeting treatments have transformed the quality of life of patients with metastatic bone disease. 2011 saw the emergence of denosumab—a RANK ligand-specific antibody—as a more-effective alternative treatment to bisphosphonates and of data on the use of bone-targeting treatments to prevent metastasis from breast and prostate cancers. (Source: Nature Clinical Practice Oncology)

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Clinical features and outcomes in patients with Ewing sarcoma and regional lymph node involvement

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsPatients with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma should undergo evaluation for regional node involvement. If validated, our findings indicate that regional node involvement may be an independent adverse prognostic factor in Ewing sarcoma, and potentially useful in risk‐stratifying patients with otherwise localized disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Strong expression of CXCL12 is associated with a favorable outcome in osteosarcoma

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Daniel Baumhoer, Jan Smida, Stephanie Zillmer, Michael Rosemann, Michael J Atkinson, Peter J Nelson, Gernot Jundt, Irene von Luettichau & Michaela Nathrath (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

WT1 Regulates VEGF and Hypoxia Response [Cell Biology]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

WT1 is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed at high levels in many types of solid tumors, and high WT1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor. How WT1 contributes to tumor growth and influences prognosis remains unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that WT1 up-regulates VEGF in solid tumors, augmenting the response to hypoxia. We found a correlation between levels of WT1 expression and VEGF expression in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Transfecting WT1-null SK-ES-1 cells with WT1 up-regulated VEGF mRNA expression and resulted in increased angiogenic activity in vitro. Conversely, diminishing WT1 expression in WT1-positive cell lines using WT1-specific shRNA down-regulated VEGF mRNA expression and decreased angiogenic activity in vitro. Transient transfection assays demonstrated th...

Immunotherapy targeting HER2 with genetically modified T cells eliminates tumor-initiating cells in osteosarcoma

Cancer Gene Therapy — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: N Rainusso, V S Brawley, A Ghazi, M J Hicks, S Gottschalk, J M Rosen & N Ahmed (Source: Cancer Gene Therapy)

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a prognostic factor in predicting event‐free and overall survival in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma

Cancer — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:DCE‐MRI was identified as a prognostic factor for EFS and overall survival before treatment on this trial and was indicative of a histologic response to neoadjuvant therapy. Further studies are needed to verify these findings with other treatment regimens and establish the potential role of DCE‐MRI in the development of risk‐adapted therapy for osteosarcoma. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

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Predictors of acute chemotherapy‐associated toxicity in patients with Ewing sarcoma

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionES patients who are younger, of Latino ethnicity, have pelvic tumors or low income have higher rates of toxicity that may require increased supportive care. Treatment on a clinical trial was also associated with higher rates of toxicity, though this finding may reflect better reporting in these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

The contrasting age‐incidence patterns of bone tumours in teenagers and young adults: Implications for aetiology

International Journal of Cancer — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractBone tumours comprise 0.2% of cancers overall but 5.7% in 15–24 year‐olds. To explore the relationship with adolescence we have analysed age‐incidence patterns of bone tumours in a large national dataset. Data on incident cases of bone tumours in 0–84 year‐olds in England, 1979‐2003, were extracted from national cancer registration data. Incidence rates per million person‐years by; 5‐year age‐group, sex, morphology and primary site were calculated and adjusted to the world standard population. 9146 cases were identified giving an overall age‐standardized rate of 7.19 per million person‐years. The distribution by morphology was: osteosarcoma, 34.2%; chondrosarcoma, 27.2%; Ewing sarcoma, 19.3%; other, 19.4%. The distribution varied by age. Ewing sarcoma was most...

Ugonin K-stimulated osteogenesis involves estrogen receptor-dependent activation of non-classical Src signaling pathway and classical pathway.

European Journal of Pharmacology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee CH, Huang YL, Liao JF, Chiou WF Abstract We have reported previously that ugonin K, a flavonoid isolated from Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hook, potently induces cell differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast-like cells. Here we aimed to elucidate whether ugonin K evoked osteogenesis required interaction with estrogen receptor. Results showed that ugonin K induced increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, expressions of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN), and subsequent bone nodule formation were concentration-dependently inhibited by estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780, suggesting that an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway was involved. In the presence of ICI 182,780, ugonin K induced up-regulation of the expressions o...

Pediatric Bone Lesions: Beyond the Plain Radiographic Evaluation

Seminars in Roentgenology — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 21:25:22 +0100

Bone lesions in children are very common and include true bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. More than one-half of all childhood bone neoplasms are benign. The most common benign bone lesions in children are nonossifying fibroma, osteochondroma, cortical desmoid, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, unicameral bone cyst, and aneurysmal bone cyst. The most common malignant bone lesions are osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and metastatic disease, such as from neuroblastoma. The radiograph remains the cornerstone for evaluation of the pediatric bone lesion. Radiographs provide information on the location of the lesion within the bone, the presence and type of mineralized matrix, the nature of the interface between the tumor and the surrounding host bone, and the reaction of the host bone to the presen...

Functional role of scaffold geometries as a template for physiological ECM formation: evaluation of collagen 3D assembly

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractBone tissue regeneration involves different healing stages and the resulting final hard tissue is formed from natural templates such as fibrous collagen, soft and hard callus and capillary bed. This work aims to evaluate the efficiency of different scaffold geometries with a novel approach: exploring the relationships among scaffold morphologies, cell activity and collagen 3D organization, which serves as a natural template for subsequent mineralization. Among the possible systems to fabricate scaffolds, solvent casting with particulate leaching and microfabrication were used to produce random vs ordered structures from poly( d, l‐lactic acid). In vitro biological testing was carried out by culturing a human osteosarcoma‐derived osteoblast cell line (MG63) and measuring materia...

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High dose methotrexate chemotherapy: pharmacokinetics, folate and toxicity in osteosarcoma patients

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 06:49:07 +0100

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that 7‐OH‐MTX is involved in the development of HD MTX hepatic toxicity and that young female patients are most affected. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Total condylar unipolar expandable prosthesis for proximal tibia malignant bone tumors in early childhood.

Orthopedics — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 22:48:02 +0100

This article describes a technique of reconstruction that spares the distal femoral growth plate. Adequate limb length can be expected with acceptable functional outcome. However, it is imperative to keep in perspective the expectations of the physician, the physician's team, the patient, and the patient's family. PMID: 22146208 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orthopedics)

C-kit expression in human osteosarcoma and in vitro assays.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 17:54:02 +0100

Authors: Miiji LN, Petrilli AS, Di Cesare S, Odashiro AN, Burnier MN, de Toledo SR, Garcia RJ, Alves MT Abstract Biologic agents targeting oncogenes have encourage researchs trying to correlate the role of tyrosine kinase in the pathogenesis of tumours. Osteosarcoma is a high grade aggressive neoplasm with poor survival. Our aim was to investigate c-kit immunoexpression, its prognostic relevance for patients with osteosarcoma, and the effect of imatinib mesylate (STI571) on proliferation and invasion of the human osteosarcoma cell line.A retrospective immu-nohistochemical study was performed on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 52 patients with high-grade primary osteosarcoma of extremities treated at the Pediatric Oncology Institute (IOP, GRAAC) and archived...

Met interacts with EGFR and Ron in canine osteosarcoma

Veterinary and Comparative Oncology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Met is known to be over‐expressed in canine osteosarcoma (OSA). In human cancers, the RTKsMet, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ron are frequently co‐expressed and engage in heterodimerization, altering signal transduction and promoting resistance to targeted therapeutics. We found that EGFR and Ron are expressed in canine OSA cell lines and primary tissues, EGFR and Ron are frequently phosphorylated in OSA tumour samples, and Met is co‐associated with EGFR and Ron in canine OSA cell lines. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulation induced amplification of ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in OSA cells and Met was phosphorylated following TGFα stimulation providing evidence for recepto...

Prion proteins (PRNP and PRND) are over‐expressed in osteosarcoma

Journal of Orthopaedic Research — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 17:09:39 +0100

AbstractAlthough osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy, the molecular and cellular mechanisms influencing its pathogenesis have remained elusive. Prion proteins (PRNP and PRND), known mostly for its involvement in neurodegenerative spongiform encephalopathies, have been recently demonstrated to be involved in resistance to apoptosis, tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. The main aim of research was to study whether prion proteins were over‐expressed in human osteosarcoma, and if prion proteins could have a role also in osteosarcomas. We evaluated differential gene expression between 22 cases of osteosarcoma and 40 cases of normal bone specimens through cDNA microarray analysis spanning a substantial fraction of the human genome. PRNP and PRND are significantly over‐e...

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Nutritional status of children and young adults with Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma at diagnosis and during multimodality therapy

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsPediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma are at an increased risk for developing malnutrition, in the form of either over‐ or underweight during multimodality therapy. Early recognition of abnormal body mass is required to prevent and to treat long‐term comorbidities caused by malnutrition. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Oncogene mutation profiling of pediatric solid tumors reveals significant subsets of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma with mutated genes in growth signaling pathways.

Clinical Cancer Research — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In ERMS, ES, and NB, we identified novel occurrences of several oncogene mutations recognized as drivers in other cancers. Overall, NB and ERMS contain significant subsets of cases with non-overlapping mutated genes in growth signaling pathways. Tumor profiling can identify a subset of pediatric solid tumor patients as candidates for kinase inhibitors or RAS-targeted therapies. PMID: 22142829 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

High Long-term Local Control with Sacrectomy for Primary High-grade Bone Sarcoma in Children.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Despite the high incidence of neurologic deficits and complications, sacrectomy achieved local control in patients with high-grade bone sarcomas. Our observations suggest long-term survival and adequate quality of life are possible in the pediatric population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID: 22139710 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research)

{beta}-Catenin Signaling in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis [Molecular Bases of Disease]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we established a novel mouse model of mixed bone lesions using intratibial injection of TM40D-MB cells, a breast cancer cell line that is highly metastatic to bone. We found that both upstream and downstream molecules of the β-catenin pathway are up-regulated in TM40D-MB cells compared with non-bone metastatic TM40D cells. TM40D-MB cells also have a higher T cell factor (TCF) reporter activity than TM40D cells. Inactivation of β-catenin in TM40D-MB cells through expression of a dominant negative TCF4 not only increases osteoclast differentiation in a tumor-bone co-culture system and enhances osteolytic bone destruction in mice, but also inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Surprisingly, although tumor cells overexpressing β-catenin did induce a slight increase of osteobla...

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Clinical and Genetic Aspects

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a severely disabling heritable disorder of connective tissue characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and progressive heterotopic ossification that forms qualitatively normal bone in characteristic extraskeletal sites. The worldwide prevalence is approximately 1/2,000,000. There is no ethnic, racial, gender, or geographic predilection to FOP. Children who have FOP appear normal at birth except for congenital malformations of the great toes. During the first decade of life, sporadic episodes of painful soft tissue swellings (flare-ups) occur which are often precipitated by soft tissue injury, intramuscular injections, viral infection, muscular stretching, falls or fatigue. These flare-ups transform skeletal muscles, tendons, ...

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Primary orbital extraskeletal osteosarcoma.

Orbit — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this report, we describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic records of a rare case of primary ESOS of the orbit. PMID: 22132847 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orbit)

[Primary malignant bone tumors].

Der Orthopade — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Toepfer A, Salzmann M, Schauwecker J, Gollwitzer H, Rechl H Abstract Among human neoplasms, primary malignant bone tumors are fairly rare. They present an incidence rate of roughly 10 cases per 1 million inhabitants per year. During childhood (<15 years), the percentage of malignant bone tumors amounts to 6% of all infantile malignancies. Only leukemia and lymphoma show a higher incidence in adolescence. Of all primary malignant bone tumors, 60% affect patients younger than 45 years and the peak incidence of all bone tumors occurs between 15 and 19 years. The most common primary malignant bone tumors are osteosarcoma (35%), chondrosarcoma (25%), and Ewing's sarcoma (16%). Less frequently (≤ 5%) occurring tumors are chordoma, malignant fibro...

[Place of the pathologist in the management of primary bone tumors (osteosarcoma and Ewing's family tumors after neoadjuvant treatment)].

Annales de Pathologie — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gomez-Brouchet A, Bouvier C, Decouvelaere AV, Larousserie F, Aubert S, Leroy X, Guinebretière JM, Coulomb A, Cassagnau E, de Muret A, Audard V, Marie B, de Pinieux G Abstract The survival of osteosarcoma and Ewing family tumours has been improved by the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The response to preoperative chemotherapy is evaluated on the microscopic analysis of the surgical resection, by the percentage of tumour necrosis according to the Huvos and Rosen's grading. It remains the only reliable prognostic factor for patients and is used to guide the choice of post-operative chemotherapy. The macroscopic and microscopic management of the surgical resection (cf. supra) is essential and is the subject of a specific protocol. Several studies have been conducte...

Hypothesis. The importance of a histological diagnosis when diagnosing and treating advanced cancer.

Internal Medicine Journal — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Over the last 33 years, mystery has surrounded the diagnosis and treatment of a very influential Australian patient. In the long gap between amputation of his leg for osteogenic sarcoma and successful treatment for widespread tuberculosis, he was told he had advanced and incurable metastatic sarcoma. Details of his recovery and the treatments used have been extensively described. An alternative hypothesis is advanced to explain his recovery. This hypothesis is advanced for two reasons. The first is to underline the modern recognition of the need to consider diagnostic investigations, including biopsy, before assigning the diagnosis of advanced cancer to any patient. This principle is especially vital in cases where two diseases can present in the same way. . The second is that there a risk...

The effect of Zhangfei on the unfolded protein response and growth of cells derived from canine and human osteosarcomas

Veterinary and Comparative Oncology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to determine whether the protein Zhangfei could suppress the unfolded protein response (UPR) and growth of osteosarcoma cells. Dog (D‐17) and a human (Saos‐2) osteosarcoma cells were infected with adenovirus vectors expressing either Zhangfei or the control protein beta‐ galactosidase. We monitored cell growth as well as levels of UPR gene transcripts and proteins. We found that Zhangfei suppressed the growth of both D‐17 and Saos‐2 cells. Zhangfei‐expressing D‐17 cells displayed large vacuoles containing culture medium and expressed phosphatidylserine on their external surface suggesting that Zhangfei induced macropinocytosis and apoptosis in these cells. While Zhangfei inhibited the growth of both D‐17 and Saos‐2 cells, it inhibited thaps...

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A Successful Reconstruction Using a Frozen Autograft and a Pedicled Latissimus Dorsi Flap after a S12345B Shoulder Girdle Resection in a Patient with Osteosarcoma

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We present a case of high-grade osteosarcoma in the proximal humerus in an 8-year-old boy. Massive tumor expansion required a S12345B shoulder girdle resection according to the system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society. After wide resection, only a small portion of the distal humerus and none of the rotator cuff muscles would be spared. Because the humeral portion would be too short to support the stem and the soft tissue would be insufficient to cover prosthetic components, we designed a composite reconstruction using a frozen autograft and a pedicled muscle flap. At 2 years postoperatively, our patient exhibited good adaptation and had acquired fine dexterity of the upper limb. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding a successful composite reconstruction after a S12345B sh...

Osteosarcoma: A rare cause of painful enlargement of the hallux

The Foot — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 12:16:28 +0100

We report a case of osteosarcoma in the proximal phalanx of the hallux in a 45-year-old man. In patients with foot-related symptoms, a high index of suspicion for pedal osteosarcoma is required. Delayed or inappropriate diagnosis may compromise limb-sparing surgery and survivorship. (Source: The Foot)

Preliminary Efficacy of the Anti-Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type 1 Receptor Antibody Figitumumab in Patients With Refractory Ewing Sarcoma [Sarcomas]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Figitumumab had modest activity as single agent in advanced ES. A strong association between pretreatment serum IGF-1 and survival benefit was identified. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

R1507, a Monoclonal Antibody to the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor, in Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors: Results of a Phase II Sarcoma Alliance for Research Through Collaboration Study [Sarcomas]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion R1507 was a well-tolerated agent that had meaningful and durable benefit in a subgroup of patients with ESFT. The identification of markers that are predictive of a benefit is necessary to fully capitalize on this approach. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Targeting of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type 1 Receptor in Ewing Sarcoma: Unfulfilled Promise or a Promising Beginning? [Understanding the Pathway]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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Detection of specific genetic abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization in soft tissue tumors

Pathology International — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

For the detection of chromosome translocations/chimeric genes and specific genetic abnormalities in soft tissue tumors, we conducted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on 280 cases of soft tissue and other tumors using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. The detection rate of the FISH split‐signal was 84% (129/154 cases) for the translocation‐associated soft tissue tumors, such as Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, synovial sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, clear cell sarcoma and so forth. Positive split‐signals from EWSR1, SS18 and FOXO1A probes were detected in 3% (2/64) of various histological types of carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, meningioma and soft tissue tumors. In FISH using the INI1/CEP22 probe, the INI1 ...

The antineoplastic antibiotic taurolidine promotes lung and liver metastasis in two syngeneic osteosarcoma mouse models and exhibits severe liver toxicity

International Journal of Cancer — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor. Despite multi‐agent neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy, patients with metastatic disease have a poor prognosis. Moreover, currently used chemotherapeutics have severe toxic side effects. Thus, novel agents with improved antimetastatic activity and reduced toxicity are needed. Taurolidine, a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial, has recently been shown to have antineoplastic properties against a variety of tumors and low systemic toxicity. Consequently, we investigated in the present study the antineoplastic potential of taurolidine against osteosarcoma in two different mouse models. Although both osteosarcoma cell lines, K7M2 and LM8, were sensitive for the compound in vitro, intraperitoneal application of taurolidine failed to inhibit pri...

Upregulation of Polo-like kinase 2 gene expression by GATA-1 acetylation in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.

The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shen T, Li Y, Yang L, Xu X, Liang F, Liang S, Ba G, Xue F, Fu Q Abstract Polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family involved in cell-cycle regulation and cellular response to stresses. It is of great interest to investigate the molecular mechanisms that control the expression of Plk2. Here, using real-time PCR and Western blot assays, we show that trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, upregulated Plk2 mRNA and protein expression in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line. Luciferase activity analysis of the truncated Plk2 promoter indicated that the region from -1220 to -830 of the Plk2 promoter was sensitive to TSA. Moreover, using the electrophoresis mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we ...

Everything you wanted to know about yttrium

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 09:00:00 +0100

What do cubic zirconias, CRT televisions and lymphoma cancer treatments have in common?This week's element is Yttrium, known by the atomic symbol, Y, and the atomic number 39. Originally, its atomic symbol was Yt, but sometime in the early 1920s, it was replaced by Y. This element gets its strange name from the village of Ytterby in Sweden, which is located near where this element was discovered. As you can see in the above image, Yttrium is similar to many other elemental metals; it is a silver-grey in colour. It also is soft, lustrous and highly crystalline. Yttrium is a rare earth metal that never occurs in its pure form in the wild. Even though it is a "rare earth metal", it is 400 times more common than silver on Earth. It also is quite common on the moon. However, most yttrium in the...

Ewing's Sarcoma of the Zygomatic Arch Presenting in a 69-Year Old: An Unusual Case Report

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 23:55:40 +0100

Conclusion. To our knowledge this is the first case report to document Ewing's sarcoma of this location in a 69-year-old patient. This case report highlights the importance of diagnostic investigations in Ewing's sarcoma and discusses the management issues that this rare presentation raises. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

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Axial Skeletal Location Predicts Poor Outcome in Ewing's Sarcoma: A Single Institution Experience

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 23:55:40 +0100

Conclusions. Anatomic location has a negative effect on outcome in EWS that cannot be completely explained by pretreatment or treatment factors. Additional studies are required to determine if there is a biologic difference between axial and appendicular EWS. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Osteosarcoma in a woma python (Aspidites ramsayi)

Australian Veterinary Journal — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 15:50:45 +0100

Osteosarcoma of the axial skeleton in an 18‐month‐old woma python (Aspidites ramsayi) is described. A subcutaneous mass overlying the costal arches enlarged progressively over a period of 5 months and, in that time, became ulcerated and more invasive of surrounding tissues. A punch biopsy of the lesion under general anaesthesia provided tissue for histopathology and diagnosis of low‐grade osteosarcoma. (Source: Australian Veterinary Journal)

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and bone tumor which mimic malignant neoplasm

Bone — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 16:58:00 +0100

OI type V is characterized by fragile bones and also calcification of interosseous membrane between radius and ulna, dense radiolucent band adjacent to growth cartilage and hypertrophic calluses in fracture sites. We refer a 27-year-old patient with OI type V who presented multiple fractures during childhood and adolescence which got better with bisphosphonates, calcium and vitamin D treatment. A tumor could be observed in his left elbow, which disappeared during the adolescent period. The patient uses a wheel chair, has short stature 1.40m, multiple deformations and white sclerotics. A 10-cm diameter tumor was found in sole region of the left foot. The bone and mineral metabolism was normal. A low bone mass was seen at the total body BMD (Z: –2.3). The X-ray showed bilateral cubito-radi...

Targeting radioresistant osteosarcoma cells with parthenolide

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a devastating tumor of bone, primarily affecting adolescents. Osteosarcoma tumors are notoriously radioresistant. Radioresistant cancers, including osteosarcoma, typically exhibit a considerable potential for relapse and development of metastases following treatment. Relapse and metastatic potential can, in part, be due to a specific radioresistant subpopulation of cells with stem‐like characteristics, cancer stem cells, which maintain the capacity to regenerate entire tumors. In the current study, we have investigated whether in vitro treatments with parthenolide, a naturally occurring small molecule that interferes with NF‐κB signaling and has various other effects, will re‐sensitize cancer stem cells and the entire cell population to radiotherapy in osteos...

Investigation of Nonmechanical Findings during Spinal Movement Screening for Identifying and/or Ruling Out Metastatic Cancer

Pain Practice — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Nonmechanical findings during a traditional movement screen are not specific to sinister conditions such as metastatic spinal cancer. Clinicians should expect concomitant conditions to exhibit painful or limited findings in patients with and without cancer. (Source: Pain Practice)

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A to Z of Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors in Adults: Imaging Features of Primary Disease, Metastatic Patterns, and Treatment Responses

American Journal of Roentgenology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. This article presents the imaging findings of ESFT in the adult, with specific attention to extraskeletal manifestations. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Exelixis drug targets breast cancer in mid-stage trial

bizjournals.com Health Care:Physician Practices headlines — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 20:30:11 +0100

A mid-stage trial of Exelixis Inc.’s experimental drug cabozantinib in women with breast cancer that has spread to the bone has started at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. South San Francisco-based Exelixis (NASDAQ: EXEL) said the main point of the 50-patient trial is to see if cabozantinib has an affect on the bone cancers. Women will receive the drug once a day and be evaluated every 12 weeks until the drug’s toxicity proves unacceptable or the cancer progresses. The secondary endpoints of the trial will look at objective response rate, overall survival, progression-free survival, effects of cabozantinib on tumor markers and the biochemical markers of bone turnover, skeletal-related events and PET response rate... (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Physician Prac...

Primary Cutaneous Ewing’s Sarcoma: A Systematic Review Focused on Treatment and Outcome

British Journal of Dermatology — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated epidemiologic and prognostic differences between Ewing’s sarcoma of the bone and primary cutaneous Ewing’s sarcoma. Primary cutaneous Ewing’s sarcoma has female predominance, occurs at a later age, but, more importantly, has a better outcome. Multimodal therapy for Ewing’s sarcoma is associated with immediate and long‐term morbidity and mortality. Although the size of our study does not allow definitive conclusion about treatment modalities, we suggest that a less toxic approach compared to conventional treatment should be investigated in primary cutaneous Ewing’s sarcoma. (Source: British Journal of Dermatology)

Primary Cutaneous Ewing's Sarcoma: A Systematic Review Focused on Treatment and Outcome.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated epidemiologic and prognostic differences between Ewing's sarcoma of the bone and primary cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma. Primary cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma has female predominance, occurs at a later age, but, more importantly, has a better outcome. Multimodal therapy for Ewing's sarcoma is associated with immediate and long-term morbidity and mortality. Although the size of our study does not allow definitive conclusion about treatment modalities, we suggest that a less toxic approach compared to conventional treatment should be investigated in primary cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma. PMID: 22098102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

Overexpression of factor inhibiting HIF‐1 enhances vessel maturation and tumor growth via platelet‐derived growth factor‐C

International Journal of Cancer — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 01:36:22 +0100

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that the maturation state of vessels in tumors, in addition to vascularity, is a critical determinant of tumor growth. The role of oxygen‐dependent signaling pathways in hypoxia‐stimulated angiogenesis is well established, however, little is known about their impact on vessel maturation in tumors. Here, we have studied the function of the cellular oxygen sensor, factor inhibiting HIF‐1 (FIH), which controls the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1. FIH silencing in mouse LM8 osteosarcoma stimulated angiogenesis but did not influence tumor growth. In contrast, FIH overexpression led to increased pericyte coverage of the tumor vasculature, reduced vessel leakiness, and enhanced tumor growth. Vessel maturation was paralleled by up‐regulation ...

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EGRI and FOSB gene expressions in cancer stroma are independent prognostic indicators for epithelial ovarian cancer receiving standard therapy

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 01:35:40 +0100

AbstractStromal components interact with cancer cells to promote growth and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to identify genes expressed in stroma, which could provide prognostic information in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Seventy‐four patients were included. We performed gene expression profiling and confirmed array data using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. By microarray analysis, 52 candidate genes associated with progression free survival (PFS) were identified (P < 0.005). Expression of the early growth response 1 (EGR1) and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB) genes was further analyzed. Array data were confirmed by RT‐PCR and multivariate analysis demonstrated that both EGR1 and FOSB expression in cancer stroma, and EGR1 expression in cancer ...

Strontium [video] | @GrrlScientist

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 08:00:03 +0100

What does a small Scottish town, bones and radioactive fallout have in common?This week's element is the alkaline earth metal, strontium, which has the atomic symbol Sr and the atomic number 38. Strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish (when oxidised) metallic element that is even more chemically reactive than its "little sister", calcium. If you drop strontium into water, for example, it will react vigorously to produce strontium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Finely powdered strontium metal ignites spontaneously in air at room temperature. But most of us are familiar with strontium because strontium salts are commonly used in fireworks and flares to give a bright (some might say blinding) red color to flames. Strontium is the 15th most abundant element on Earth, but because of its reac...

Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora’s Lesion) of the Mandible. A Rare Bony Lesion

Head and Neck Pathology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 06:55:17 +0100

We present a rare case of BPOP involving the mandible in a 10 year old African American male. Microscopically, a fibro-cartilaginous cap giving rise to a proliferation of variably mineralized osteophytic finger-like projections of bone was seen. Multiple trabeculae of “blue bone” were noted as well as numerous atypical appearing chondrocytes. The lesion recurred within 4 months following the initial excision but has not recurred to date after the second local excision. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BPOP arising in the mandible. In addition, we discuss the clinical and microscopic features, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of this rare entity. We present a case of BPOP of the mandible and believe this is the first report of such a case i...

Tumours of the atlas and axis: a 37-year experience with diagnosis and management

La Radiologia Medica — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 06:53:23 +0100

Conclusions Bone tumours of the cervical spine are rare. However, they should be kept in mind when examining patients with neck pain or neurological symptoms at the extremities. In most cases, only intralesional surgery can be administered. Combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy is indicated for certain tumour histologies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Musculoskeletal Radiology / Radiologia Muscolo-ScheletricaPages 1-20DOI 10.1007/s11547-011-0753-yAuthors A. F. Mavrogenis, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, University of Bologna, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, ItalyG. Guerra, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, University of Bologna, Via Di Barbia...

Testing of the Akt/PKB inhibitor MK‐2206 by the pediatric preclinical testing program

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsMK‐2206 showed its most consistent activity in vitro against ALL cell lines and in vivo against osteosarcoma xenografts. However, no objective responses were observed in solid tumor or ALL xenografts. Further preclinical work evaluating MK‐2206 in pediatric models in the combination therapy setting may contribute to its pediatric development. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

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Therapeutic approaches targeting midkine suppress tumor growth and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma

Cancer Letters — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Midkine (MK) plays important roles in tumorigenesis, however, the biological function of MK and whether MK can be a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma are unclear. Here, we found that osteosarcoma tissues showed high MK expression. MK knockdown by small interfering RNA significantly induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells, whereas recombinant MK increased cell proliferation. Inhibition of MK signaling by anti-MK monoclonal antibody (anti-MK mAb) suppressed growth of osteosarcoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of MK function significantly suppressed lung metastasis in xenograft transplantation model. Targeting MK by anti-MK mAb may have value in the treatment of osteosarcoma. (Source: Cancer Letters)

Osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) - Short communication.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 04:07:23 +0100

Authors: Liptovszky M, Perge E, Molnár V, Sós E Abstract The Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) is a nocturnal lemur species that lives only in Madagascar. It is one of the most abundant lemur species and its native populations are not endangered, but animals belonging to this species are rarely exhibited in zoos. While tumours are quite frequently described in other primates, there are very few publications about neoplasia in lemurs. In this case report we describe a mandibular osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first scientific article describing osteosarcoma in a prosimian and also reporting a tumour in the mandible in this taxon. PMID: 22079704 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Vete...

Anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab enhances the cytolytic activity of natural killer cells towards osteosarcoma.

Clinical Cancer Research — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that the cytolytic potential of resting NK cells can be potentiated and directed towards osteosarcoma cells with cetuximab. Therefore, cetuximab-mediated immunotherapy may be considered a novel treatment modality in the management of advanced osteosarcoma. PMID: 22090361 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

Comments Regarding Lung Metastasis Surgery for Sarcoma

Cancer Network — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Biological factors appear to predominate in the management of patients with this difficult development, whether it arises from osteosarcoma, from other bone tumors, or from soft-tissue sarcomas. (Source: Cancer Network)

Tumor-specific retargeting of an oncogenic transcription factor chimera results in dysregulation of chromatin and transcription [RESEARCH]

Genome Research — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

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Targeting GSTP1-1 induces JNK activation and leads to apoptosis in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human osteosarcoma cell lines

RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 09:04:41 +0100

Mol. BioSyst., 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1MB05295K, PaperAndrea Sau, Giuseppe Filomeni, Silvia Pezzola, Simona D'Aguanno, Francesca Pellizzari Tregno, Andrea Urbani, Massimo Serra, Michela Pasello, Piero Picci, Giorgio Federici, Anna Maria CaccuriShotgun proteomic and immunoprecipitation analyses reveal that the GST inhibitor NBDHEX causes the release of TRAF2 and the prolonged activation of JNK and p38.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles)

Peritoneal Sarcomatosis Associated with Telemetry Implants in Sprague Dawley CD Rats: A Reveiw of Eight Cases.

Toxicologic Pathology — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, the incidence of peritoneal sarcomatosis arising secondary to surgically implanted telemetry devices (< 15% of implanted Sprague Dawley rats) is considered to represent a significant issue for both animal welfare and data validity in affected animals. Macroscopically, the telemetry-associated fibrosarcomas spread along the visceral and parietal peritoneum and mesentery surrounding abdominal organs. The histologic morphology of these sarcomas was typically an undifferentiated sarcoma, although well-differentiated fibrosarcomas and telangiectatic and pleomorphic variants were noted. Using special stains such as Masson's Trichrome demonstrated a collagenous extracellular matrix in 50% of these rats, which is consistent with a fibroblastic origin. Immunohistochemical studies ...

NF‐κB signaling pathway is inhibited by heat shock independently of active transcription factor HSF1 and increased levels of inducible heat shock proteins

Genes to Cells — Sun, 13 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

NF‐κB transcription factor regulates numerous genes important for inflammation, immune responses and cell survival. HSF1 is the primary transcription factor activated under stress conditions that is responsible for induction of genes encoding heat shock proteins. Previous studies have shown that the NF‐κB activation pathway is blocked by heat shock possibly involving heat shock proteins. Here, we investigate whether active HSF1 inhibited this pathway in the absence of stress conditions. Activation of the NF‐κB pathway and expression of NF‐κB‐dependent genes were analyzed in TNFα‐stimulated U‐2 OS human osteosarcoma cells that were either heat‐shocked or engineered to express a constitutively active form of HSF1 in the absence of heat shock. As expected, heat shock resu...

Factors Affecting EWS-FLI1 Activity in Ewing's Sarcoma

Gastroenterology Research and Practice — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 10:41:51 +0100

Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) are characterized by specific chromosomal translocations, which give rise to EWS-ETS chimeric proteins. These aberrant transcription factors are the main pathogenic drivers of ESFT. Elucidation of the factors influencing EWS-ETS expression and/or activity will guide the development of novel therapeutic agents against this fatal disease. (Source: Gastroenterology Research and Practice)

Diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG-PET and PET/CT in patients with Ewing sarcoma family tumours: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Skeletal Radiology — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 06:45:40 +0100

Conclusion With regard to the staging and restaging of patients with ESFT, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FDG-PET and PET/CT are high; the combination of FDG-PET or PET/CT with conventional imaging is a valuable tool for the staging and restaging of ESFT and has a relevant impact on the treatment strategy plan. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00256-011-1298-9Authors Giorgio Treglia, Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, ItalyMarco Salsano, Department of Bioimaging and Radiological Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, ItalyAntonella Stefanelli, Department of Bioimaging and...

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High prevalence of CIC fusion with double‐homeobox (DUX4) transcription factors in EWSR1‐negative undifferentiated small blue round cell sarcomas

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractPrimitive round cell sarcomas of childhood and young adults have been problematic to diagnose and classify. Our goal was to investigate the pathologic and molecular characteristics of small blue round cell tumors (SBRCT) that remained unclassified after exhaustive immunohistochemistry and molecular screening to exclude known sarcoma‐related translocations. As rare examples of EWSR1‐negative SBRCT have been shown to carry rearrangements for FUS and CIC genes, we undertook a systematic screening for these two genes. CIC rearrangements by FISH were detected in 15/22 (68%), while none showed FUS abnormalities. RACE, RT‐PCR, and/or long‐range DNA PCR performed in two cases with frozen material showed that CIC was fused to copies of the DUX4 gene on either 4q35 or 10q26.3. Subseq...

miR-125b suppresses the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells through down-regulation of STAT3.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liu LH, Li H, Li JP, Zhong H, Zhang HC, Chen J, Xiao T Abstract There is accumulating evidence that microRNAs are involved in multiple processes in development and tumor progression. Abnormally expressed miR-125b was found to play a fundamental role in several types of cancer; however, whether miR-125b participates in regulating the initiation and progress of osteosarcoma still remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that miR-125b is frequently down-regulated in osteosarcoma samples and human osteosarcoma cell lines. The ectopic restoration of miR-125b expression in human osteosarcoma cells suppresses proliferation and migration in vitro and inhibits tumor formation in vivo. We further identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as the direct and fun...

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the hand

Hand — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 05:44:20 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportsPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11552-011-9371-3Authors Kian Tjon Tan, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Sarcoma Service, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP UKOluwaseyi K. Idowu, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Sarcoma Service, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP UKCoonoor R. Chandrasekar, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Sarcoma Service, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP UKQi Yin, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Sarcoma Service, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP UKTim R. Helliwell, Royal L...

Blood, Bone Cancer - Low-Toxicity Conditioning Regimen Before Cell Transplantation Helps

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 17:00:00 +0100

According to an investigation in the November 2 issue of JAMA, older individuals who received a conditioning regimen that consisted of minimal-intensity radiation therapy for advanced hematologic malignancies, such as lymphoma and leukemia, before receiving allogeneic (genetically different) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT; recipe of stem cells or bone marrow transplant) had progression-free and survival outcomes indicating that this treatment method might be a suitable option for older individuals with these cancers... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

YY1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis-free survival in patients suffering osteosarcoma

BMC Cancer — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Overexpression of YY1 in primary site of osteosarcoma is associated with the occurrence of metastasis and poor clinical outcome. (Source: BMC Cancer)

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Multicentric osteosarcoma: clinicopathologic and radiographic study of 56 cases.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Corradi D, Wenger DE, Bertoni F, Bacchini P, Bosio S, Goldoni M, Unni KK, Sim FH, Inwards CY Abstract Multicentric osteosarcoma (M-OGS) is characterized by multicentricity of osseous osteosarcomas, either synchronous or metachronous, without visceral involvement. The study's purpose was to clinicopathologically and radiographically analyze 56 cases of M-OGS (22 synchronous and 34 metachronous). The distal femur was the most common site. Histologically, all tumors were high grade. Of 22 patients with synchronous M-OGS, 16 had 3 or more simultaneous tumors; the axial skeleton was involved in 14 (64%) of 22 cases. In metachronous M-OGS, the second malignancy occurred after a median of 22 months. Treatment was surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of these. Pat...

p63 Immunohistochemical Staining Is Limited in Soft Tissue Tumors.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jo VY, Fletcher CD Abstract p63 is a p53 homolog that is expressed in various normal epithelial tissues and epithelial malignancies. Its expression in mesenchymal lesions has not been examined in depth; therefore, we studied p63 expression by immunohistochemical analysis in 650 soft tissue tumors. We found that p63 expression is limited in soft tissue tumors. The majority of tumors studied were p63-, including all cases of angiosarcoma, lipomatous neoplasms, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, solitary fibrous tumor, schwannoma, neurofibroma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyosarcoma. Nuclear p63 reactivity was found in a subset of soft tissue myoepithelioma and myoepithelial carcinoma of soft tissue, cellular neurothekeoma, soft tissue perineurioma, Ewing sarcoma/pe...

In vitro and in vivo evaluations on osteogenesis and biodegradability of a β-tricalcium phosphate coated magnesium alloy.

Biomed Res — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chai H, Guo L, Wang X, Gao X, Liu K, Fu Y, Guan J, Tan L, Yang K Abstract Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been demonstrated to be potential orthopedic implants due to their biodegradability in vivo. To enhance its corrosion resistance and improve its osteogenesis, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was coated on a Mg alloy (Mg-3AI-1Zn) by phosphating process. In vitro, the human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2) showed significantly good adherence and proliferation on the surface of the β-TCP coated Mg alloy after 24-h incubation. The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was highly expressed in SaOS-2 cultured with the β-TCP coated Mg alloy by Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). In vivo, the newborn bone at the implant/bone interface was formed at week 1 and mature...

Nuclear protein in testis midline carcinomas: a lethal and underrecognized entity.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Davis BN, Karabakhtsian RG, Pettigrew AL, Arnold SM, French CA, Musgrave Brill Y Abstract A 54-year-old woman presented with a nasal mass. Biopsy demonstrated undifferentiated tumor cells with extensive apoptosis and necrosis. Chromosome analysis identified a 46,XX,t(15;19)(q13;p13.1) pattern. Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed NUT rearrangement. A Ewing sarcoma-based chemotherapy regimen and concurrent irradiation obtained a dramatic response; however, the patient died of her disease less than 7 months after initial diagnosis. NUT midline carcinomas are rare, aggressive tumors defined by rearrangement of the NUT gene on 15q14. A solitary translocation involving 15q14 is usually the sole chromosomal abnorm...

MedWorm: Bone Cancers

Living with rotationplasty—Quality of life in rotationplasty patients from childhood to adulthood

Evaluation of arsenic trioxide by the pediatric preclinical testing program with a focus on Ewing sarcoma

Initial testing (stage 1) of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor SCH 727965 (dinaciclib) by the pediatric preclinical testing program

An osteosarcoma zebrafish model implicates Mmp‐19 and Ets‐1 as well as reduced host immune response in angiogenesis and migration

Florence and the Machine fan, 20, who died from cancer is immortalised on single cover of her favourite band

Abdominal ultrasonographic findings at diagnosis of osteosarcoma in dogs and association with treatment outcome

Gemcitabine and docetaxel (GEMDOX) for the treatment of relapsed and refractory pediatric sarcomas

[Cancer and Society] Medikidz explain cancer

[Review] Chordoma: current concepts, management, and future directions

Long‐term outcomes of epiphyseal preservation and reconstruction with inactivated bone for distal femoral osteosarcoma of children

Tumor-specific retargeting of an oncogenic transcription factor chimera results in dysregulation of chromatin and transcription [RESEARCH]

[Primary cervical epidural Ewing sarcoma].

Primary malignant tumours of the bone

Immunodetection of SV40 T/t-antigens in Human Osteosrcoma in a Series of Tunisian Patients.

siRNAs target sites selection of ezrin and the influence of RNA interference on ezrin expression and biological characters of osteosarcoma cells.

Involvement of MMP-2 in adriamycin resistance dependent on ERK1/2 signal pathway in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells

Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) found in 110 nephrectomized Japanese, of which 24 (22%) RCC cases showed 31 double or triple cancers

Methylene diphosphonate-conjugated adriamycin liposomes: preparation, characteristics, and targeted therapy for osteosarcomas in vitro and in vivo.

The prognostic value of elevated vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis and systemic review

Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Kidney: Two Unusual Presentations of a Rare Tumor

Different expression of CD146 in human normal and osteosarcoma cell lines

A phase II trial of sorafenib in relapsed and unresectable high-grade osteosarcoma after failure of standard multimodal therapy: an Italian Sarcoma Group study

BMP‐2 inhibits tumor growth of human renal cell carcinoma and induces bone formation

Similar Survival but Better Function for Patients after Limb Salvage versus Amputation for Distal Tibia Osteosarcoma.

An arrayed human genomic library constructed in the PAC shuttle vector pJCPAC-Mam2 for genome-wide association studies and gene therapy.

Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro

Effects of Indomethacin, Nimesulide, and Diclofenac on Human MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cell Line

Synthesis, Characterization and Antiproliferative Activity of 1,2-Naphthoquinone and Its Derivatives.

Overexpression of potassium channel ether à go-go in human osteosarcoma.

STAT3 Regulates Proliferation and Immunogenicity of the Ewing Family of Tumors In Vitro

Phase I/II Trial and Pharmacokinetic Study of Cixutumumab in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors and Ewing Sarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group [Pediatric Oncology]

FDA Approves Voraxaze To Treat Patients With Chemotherapy Toxicity

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid affects γH2AX expression in osteosarcoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and normal tissue cell lines after irradiation

The oncology of otology

Outcome for adolescent and young adult patients with osteosarcoma

Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity of one-dimensional chain [Fe(salen)(L)](n) complexes against human cancer cell lines.

Ewing's Sarcoma

Color Doppler Ultrasonography Evaluation for Chemotherapy Treatment Response of Osteogenic Sarcoma

Anticancer activity of bovine α‐lactalbumin treated with microbial transglutaminase

Spectroscopic Characterization of an Oxovanadium(IV) Complex of Oxodiacetic Acid and o-Phenanthroline. Bioactivity on Osteoblast-Like Cells in Culture.

Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Neck: CT Findings [CASE REPORTS]

Millimeter wave treatment induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrial-dependent pathway in human osteosarcoma cells.

Inhibition of Csn3 expression induces growth arrest and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

The cell of origin of cranial Ewing's sarcoma: the dilemma persists

About the article “Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of cranial bones: analysis of ten patients” by Pravin Shashikant Salunke et al. Can we tell the exact origin of cranial Ewing's sarcoma?

Rapidly growing intrathoracic extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma

Wnt5a-Ror2 Signaling in MMP-13 Expression [Gene Regulation]

Primary telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the cervical spine.

Upregulation of a Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 8 Influences Tumor Metastasis and Prognosis in Patients with Osteosarcoma.

Relevance of the POS-1 Orthotopic Model As An “Imaging Model” for In Vivo and Simultaneous Monitoring of Tumor Proliferation and Bone Remodeling in Osteosarcoma

The Efficacy of Abraxane on Osteosarcoma Xenografts in Nude Mice and Expression of Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine.

HMGB1 Promotes Drug Resistance in Osteosarcoma

Expression and Function of Survivin in Canine Osteosarcoma

Genetically Modified T cells Targeting Interleukin-11 Receptor {alpha}-Chain Kill Human Osteosarcoma Cells and Induce the Regression of Established Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases

Acute cauda equina syndrome due to primary Ewing's sarcoma of the spine

Inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the antitumor activity of cepharanthine in SaOS2 cells.

Treatment of a severe neglected valgus deformity after excision of the distal fibula for Ewing's sarcoma.

Primary renal osteosarcoma with systemic dissemination.

Osteosarcoma at the site of titanium orthopaedic implants in a dog

Potential of the gastric motility drug lorglumide in prostate cancer imaging.

Current concepts on pathogenesis and biology of metastatic osteosarcoma tumors.

Resveratrol and diallyl disulfide enhance curcumin-induced sarcoma cell apoptosis.

Intraosseous meningioma mimicking osteosarcoma in an adolescent: a case report.

Phase II Study of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Ridaforolimus in Patients With Advanced Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas [Sarcomas]

ERK5 regulates invasiveness of osteosarcoma by inducing MMP‐9

Neferine, an alkaloid ingredient in lotus seed embryo, inhibits proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by promoting p38 MAPK-mediated p21 stabilization.

Lentivirus transduction of human osteoclast precursor cells and differentiation into functional osteoclasts

Perturbation of 14q32 miRNAs-cMYC gene network in osteosarcoma

The functional MDM2 T309G genetic variant but not P53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is associated with risk of sarcomas: a meta-analysis

Video: Trick-shot golfer determined to fight cancer

TSSC3 overexpression associates with growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and enhances chemotherapeutic effects in human osteosarcoma

Overexpression of ZEB1 relates to metastasis and invasion in osteosarcoma

High‐grade osteosarcoma treated with hemicortical resection and biological reconstruction

Osteosarcoma of the patella: A case report.

Tumoral or traumatic musculoskeletal lesions: not always so easy.

Nuclear IRS‐1 and cancer

Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma: Spectrum of Imaging Findings

Tumor necrosis predicts survival following neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy for hepatoblastoma

Initial testing of the multitargeted kinase inhibitor pazopanib by the pediatric preclinical testing program

Overexpression of potassium channel ether à go-go in human osteosarcoma.