MedWorm: Breast Carcinoma

Oral delivery of PND-1186 FAK inhibitor decreases tumor growth and spontaneous breast to lung metastasis in pre-clinical models.

Cancer Control — Sat, 20 Mar 2010 00:00:08 +0100

Authors: Walsh C, Tanjoni I, Uryu S, Tomar A, Nam JO, Luo H, Phillips A, Patel N, Kwok C, McMahon G, Stupack DG, Schlaepfer DD Tumor metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase recruited to integrin-mediated matrix attachment sites where FAK activity is implicated in the control of cell survival, migration and invasion. Although genetic studies support the importance of FAK activity in promoting tumor progression, it remains unclear whether pharmacological FAK inhibition prevents tumor metastasis. Here, we show that the FAK inhibitor PND-1186 blocks FAK Tyr-397 phosphorylation in vivo and exhibits anti-tumor efficacy in orthotopic breast carcinoma mouse tumor models. PND-1186 (100 mg/kg intraperitoneal, i.p.) showe...

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Metastases in odontogenic cysts: literature review and case presentation

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:22:23 +0100

Malignant tumors in the oral cavity are relatively rare. About 5% of all malignant growths in the body are localized in the oral cavity. The vast majority of oral malignancies are primary tumors with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequent and sarcomas occurring very seldom. Secondary tumors caused by hematogenous spread arising from a tumor localized elsewhere in the body are extremely rare. About 1% of all oral cancers are metastases to the jawbones and the surrounding soft tissues. Metastases to the jaws are mainly caused by malignant tumors of the breast, lung, kidney, bone, and colon. They occur in the late state of the disease and are regularly detected by staging examinations including scintigraphy. Even more rare are metastases into odontogenic cysts. Odontogenic cysts incl...

Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study to Refine Management Recommendations for Women at Elevated Familial Risk of Breast Cancer: The EVA Trial [Breast Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 22:01:36 +0100

Conclusion In women at elevated familial risk, quality-assured MRI screening shifts the distribution of screen-detected breast cancers toward the preinvasive stage. In women undergoing quality-assured MRI annually, neither mammography, nor annual or half-yearly ultrasound or CBE will add to the cancer yield achieved by MRI alone. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Co-expression of CD173 (H2) and CD174 (Lewis Y) with CD44 suggests that fucosylated histo-blood group antigens are markers of breast cancer-initiating cells

Virchows Archiv — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 19:27:51 +0100

Abstract Histo-blood group antigens CD173 (H2) and CD174 (Lewis Y) are known to be developmentally regulated carbohydrate antigens which are expressed to a varying degree on many human carcinomas. We hypothesized that they might represent markers of cancer-initiating cells (or cancer stem cells, CSC). In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the co-expression of CD173 and CD174 with stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 by flow cytometry analysis, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry on cell lines and tissue sections from breast cancer. In three breast cancer cell lines, the percentage of CD173+/CD44+ cells ranged from 17% to >60% and of CD174+/CD44+ from 21% to 57%. In breast cancer tissue sections from 15 patients, up to 50% of tumor cells simultaneously expres...

Prognostic and predictive value of 16p12.1 and 16q22.1 copy number changes in human breast cancer

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 16:03:07 +0100

Abstract: The present study investigated DNA copy number changes mapping to the p and q arms of chromosome 16 in breast cancer with the goal to determine their potential in identifying breast cancer patients with poor prognosis. We identified the minimal overlapping regions on chromosome 16 that are commonly deleted and amplified in breast tumors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to screen a custom-made breast carcinoma tissue microarray representing all tumor grades, in order to detect DNA copy number changes mapping to 16p12.1 and 16q22.1. We generated 16q/16p ratios for each patient and examined the correlation between DNA copy number alterations and the patients' clinical and pathological parameters. We observed lower q/p ratios in grade I invasive carcinomas, compared with ...

A case of metastatic esophageal tumor from breast cancer

Esophagus — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:10:35 +0100

Abstract A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of dysphagia that had developed 37 months after initiation of treatment for breast cancer. Endoscopy revealed severe stenosis 32 cm from the incisors through which the endoscope could not pass. No mucosal irregularities were observed, and biopsies of the stenotic lesion were negative for malignancy. Computed tomography showed wall thickening of the midthoracic esophagus and left pleural effusion, which had increased metabolic activity as detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Cytological examination of the pleural effusion showed adenocarcinoma compatible with metastasis from a prior lobular carcinoma of the breast. Vinorelbine effectively relieved her symptoms, and the di...

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Prostaglandin E2 Induces CYP1B1 Expression via Ligand-Independent Activation of the ER{alpha} Pathway in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Toxicological Sciences — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:49:57 +0100

Breast cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 is a key enzyme in the metabolism of 17β-estradiol, and CYP1B1-metabolized 4-hydroxyestradiol is a marker for breast cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which produces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), has been detected in invasive breast carcinomas. However, the interaction between PGE2 and CYP1B1 expression in human breast cancer is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of PGE2 on CYP1B1 expression and its mechanism in breast cancer cells. PGE2 significantly increased CYP1B1 protein and messenger RNA expression and dose dependently enhanced CYP1B1 promoter activity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Transient transfection with human CYP1B1 (hCYP1B1) deletion promoter construct...

High-throughput analysis of chromosome translocations and other genome rearrangements in epithelial cancers

BioMed Central — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Genes that are broken or fused by structural changes to the genome are an important class of mutation in the leukemias and sarcomas but have been largely overlooked in the common epithelial cancers. Large-scale sequencing is changing our perceptions of the cancer genome, and it is now being applied to structural changes, using the 'paired end' strategy. This reveals more clearly than before the extent to which many cancer genomes are rearranged and how much these rearrangements contribute to the mutational burden of epithelial tumors. In particular, there are probably many fusion genes, analogous to those found in leukemias, to be found in common cancers, such as breast carcinoma, and some of these will prove to be important in cancer diagnosis and treatment. (Source: BioMed Central)

Reduced uptake of the proliferation-seeking radiotracer technetium-99m-labelled pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid in a 47-year-old woman with severe breast epithelial hyperplasia taking ibuprofen: a case report

BioMed Central — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In proliferating breast lesions, scintigraphically displayed reduction in Technetium-99m-labelled pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid uptake may indicate inhibition by ibuprofen in the pathway of malignant epithelial cell transformation. (Source: BioMed Central)

A comparative analysis of oncofetal fibronectin and tenascin-C incorporation in tumour vessels using human recombinant SIP format antibodies

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:49:23 +0100

In conclusion, tumours differ in the pattern of Fn or Tn-C isoform positivity in the vessel wall, potentially representing a tumour type specific endothelial cell–tumour cell–stromal cell interaction. Carcinoma cells themselves are involved in vascular Tn-C matrix organization. Up to antigen distribution, Fn and Tn-C domain antibodies may serve as vehicles for antiangiogenetic and antifibrotic agents; oncFn/oncTn-C based targeting should be adapted individually. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-010-0685-yAuthors Alexander Berndt, University Hospital Jena Institute of Pathology Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena GermanyRobert Köllner, University Hospital Jena Institute of Pathology Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena GermanyPetra Richter, University ...

Prevalence of a History of Skin Cancer in 2007: Results of an Incidence-Based Model [Study]

Archives of Dermatology — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 19:50:58 +0100

Conclusions My incidence-based model indicates that the prevalence of a skin cancer history is about 5 times higher than that of breast or prostate cancer and greater than the 31-year prevalence of all other cancers combined. Despite their high frequency, population-based incidence and burden data for BSC and SCC are largely lacking. (Source: Archives of Dermatology)

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Heterogeneous expression of nestin in myofibroblasts of various human tissues

Pathology International — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, nestin was expressed in variable proportions of stromal myofibroblasts in human tissues. The differential expression of nestin may indicate phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Nestin-positive myofibroblast may represent a relatively immature subpopulation of cells with multipotentiality. (Source: Pathology International)

HEPACAM1 and 2 are differentially regulated in canine mammary adenomas and carcinomas and its lymph node metastases

BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: HEPACAM1 and 2 seem to be important for cell-cell adhesion of normal and neoplastic canine mammary cells. The loss of HEPACAM1 protein expression in adenomas but not in carcinomas questions its role as a tumour suppressor at late stages of malignant transformation and indicates that it might rather be involved in physiologic mammary cell adhesion and canine mammary tumour metastasis. Furthermore, it can be speculated, whether HEPACAM2 plays a different role in malignancy and metastasis of canine mammary tumours since its transcriptional levels are different in carcinomas and their lymph node metastases when compared to HEPACAM1. (Source: BMC Veterinary Research - Latest articles)

Invasive ductal carcinoma: correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient value with pathological prognostic factors

NMR in Biomedicine — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The aim of this study was to correlate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of invasive ductal carcinoma with pathological prognostic factors. A prospective study was conducted on 59 untreated female patients (mean age 46 years) with invasive ductal carcinoma. All patients were examined at 1.5 Tesla using dedicated bilateral breast coil. They underwent diffusion weighted MR imaging of the breast using a single shot echo planar imaging with a b-factor of 200 and 400 sec/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were reconstructed. The ADC value of the breast cancer was calculated and correlated with the pathologic prognostic factors (tumor size, grade and lymph nodes). The mean ADC values of invasive ductal carcinoma were significantly lower in patients with high grade, large...

Does size matter? Comparison study between MRI, gross, and microscopic tumor sizes in breast cancer in lumpectomy specimens.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 20:24:03 +0100

This study was conducted to assess accuracy in estimating tumor size by MRI and gross using microscopy as gold standard. A retrospective study was done on 33 patients, 30-75 years, who underwent MRI of breasts with subsequent lumpectomy, 2002-2006, for invasive breast cancer. Size of lesion(s) on MRI and gross were compared with histological size. Of 37 lesions, 27 (73%) were invasive ductal (IDC) and 10 (27%) invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Tumor size by MRI matched histological size in 3%, underestimated 27%, and overestimated 70% of cases. Tumor size by gross matched histological size in 22%, underestimated 57%, and overestimated 22% of cases. MRI as an imaging modality and gross pathology both have significant limitations in measuring tumor size particularly in cases of invasive brea...

Presence of Foxp3 expression in tumor cells predicts better survival in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:26:10 +0100

Abstract The Forkhead Box Protein 3 is highly expressed not only in regulatory T cells, but also in tumor cells, acting as a transcriptional repressor of breast oncogenes including HER2. We investigated the prognostic significance of Foxp3 expression in cancer cells in a large cohort of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Foxp3-positive tumor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in 103 patients with primary invasive HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma, and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with or without trastuzumab. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression model were used to assess relapse-free and overall survival, respectively, and according to the presence or the absence of Foxp3 expression in tumor c...

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Rosai-Dorfman disease confined to the breast

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:10:37 +0100

We present the histopathologic findings and follow-up of each patient and conduct a literature review of mammary Rosai-Dorfman disease with emphasis on its differential diagnosis. Because Rosai-Dorfman disease frequently mimics invasive breast carcinoma in its clinical presentation and radiographic appearance—and can mimic other benign or malignant histiocytic lesions microscopically—awareness and appropriate diagnosis of this entity are essential for proper treatment. (Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology)

Radiotherapy for cervical spine metastases in breast cancer patients

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 06:50:11 +0100

Conclusion Cervical spine metastases in women with breast cancer are associated with a limited chance for survival. Symptomatic patients overall derive palliation from conventional treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00590-010-0611-yAuthors Federico Ampil, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Division of Therapeutic Radiology, Department of Radiology 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport LA 71130 USAGloria Caldito, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Department of Biometry Shreveport LA USAJoel Thibodeaux, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Department of Pathology Shreveport LA USAGuillermo Sangster, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Division of Therapeutic Radiology, Departmen...

Quantitative methylation profiling in tumor and matched morphologically normal tissues from breast cancer patients

BioMed Central — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Histologically normal breast tissues adjacent to breast tumours frequently exhibit methylation changes in multiple genes. These methylation changes may play a role in the earliest stages of the development of breast neoplasia. (Source: BioMed Central)

Intraductal papilloma of ectopic breast tissue in axillary lymph node of a patient with a previous intraductal papilloma of ipsilateral breast: a case report and review of the literature

Diagnostic Pathology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The presence of ectopic breast tissue in axillary lymph nodes (ALN) is a benign condition that must be differentiated from primary or metastatic carcinoma. Here we report a patient who underwent excision of enlarged ALN 10 years after she had received surgical treatment of ipsilateral breast for an intracystic intraductal papilloma (IDP). Histological examination of the removed ALN revealed that the proliferative lesion consisted of papillary and tubular structures lined by luminal cuboidal cells and a distinct outer layer of myoepithelial cells resembling IDP of the breast. Immunostaining with a set of immunohistochemical markers including AE/AE3, alpha-smooth muscle actin and p63 in combination with estrogen and progesterone receptors confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic IDP.This case show...

p63 short isoforms are found in invasive carcinomas only and not in benign breast conditions

Virchows Archiv — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 18:12:45 +0100

Abstract Two N-terminal isoforms characterize the p63 protein: the transactivating isoform TAp63 and the amino-terminal truncated isoform ΔNp63. Two further N-terminal isoforms lacking exon 4 (d4TAp63 and ΔNp73L) have been reported. Purpose of the study was to investigate the molecular expression of N-terminal p63 isoforms in benign and malignant breast tissues. Eighteen randomly selected cases of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) of luminal type, two cases of in situ duct carcinoma (DCIS/DIN), and 20 specimens of normal and benign breast tissues were studied. All cases were immunostained for p63. Reverse polymerase chain reaction and nested PCR were performed to evaluate p63 N-terminal expression patterns. These isoforms whenever present were validated by sequencing. All ...

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A case of inflammatory breast carcinoma: Carcinoma erysipeloides

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:10:55 +0100

Canpolat Filiz, Akpinar Hatice, Eskioglu Fatma, Genel Nebiye, Oktay MuratIndian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2010 76(2):215-215 (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology)

Carcinoma en cuirasse of the breast with zosteriform metastasis

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:10:55 +0100

Lakshmi Chembolli, Pillai Suma B, Sharma Chetna, Srinivas C RIndian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2010 76(2):215-215 (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology)

The antitumor activity of the fungicide ciclopirox

International Journal of Cancer — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Ciclopirox olamine (CPX) is a synthetic antifungal agent clinically used to treat mycoses of the skin and nails. Here, we show that CPX inhibited tumor growth in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 xenografts. To unveil the underlying mechanism, we further studied the antitumor activity of CPX in cell culture. The results indicate that CPX inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma (Rh30), breast carcinoma (MDA-MB231) and colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells in a concentration-dependent manner. By cell cycle analysis, CPX induced accumulation of cells in G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. Concurrently, CPX downregulated cellular protein expression of cyclins (A, B1, D1 and E) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2 and CDK4) and upregulated expression of the CDK inhibitor...

Regeneration, in vitro glycoalkaloids production and evaluation of bioactivity of callus methanolic extract of Solanum tuberosum L.

Fitoterapia — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Al-Ashaal HA Callus and differentiated shoots initiated from Solanum tuberosum L on MS media contained BA, IAA, and Kin. Glycoalkaloids produced in callus and shoots in concentrations higher than original tubers using HPLC. Callus methanolic extract had promising anticancer activity with low IC(50) values against human carcinoma cell lines of breast, lymphoplastic leukemia, larynx, liver, cervix, colon, and brain, IC(50) (mug/mL) were 2.7, 3.7, 6, 6.7, 10, 13.6, and 22.3 respectively. Antioxidant capacity of the extract (76.4%) performed using ESR. Preliminary screening showed that the extract exhibited in vitro virucidal activity against Herpes simplex. The extract possessed in-vitro schistomicidal and fasciolicidal activity. PMID: 20227470 [PubMed - as supplied by publis...

A CTCF-independent role for cohesin in tissue-specific transcription [RESEARCH]

Genome Research — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 21:55:40 +0100

The cohesin protein complex holds sister chromatids in dividing cells together, and is essential for chromosome segregation. Recently, cohesin has been implicated in mediating transcriptional insulation, via its interactions with CTCF. Here, we show in different cell types that cohesin functionally behaves as a tissue-specific transcriptional regulator, independent of CTCF binding. By performing matched genome-wide binding assays (ChIP-seq) in human breast cancer cells (MCF7), we discovered thousands of genomic sites that share cohesin and estrogen receptor alpha (ER), yet lack CTCF binding. Using human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), we found that liver-specific transcription factors co-localize with cohesin independently of CTCF at liver-specific targets that are distinct from th...

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Is there a Role for MRI in the Preoperative Assessment of Patients with DCIS?

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:00:55 +0100

Conclusions MRI does not accurately predict extent of disease in patients with extensive DCIS. In patients with MRI tumor size ≤2 cm, MRI may assist in surgical planning. MRI results in patients with DCIS should be interpreted with caution; decision for mastectomy should not be made on MRI findings alone. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyDOI 10.1245/s10434-010-1000-9Authors Lisa R. Allen, Drexel University College of Medicine Department of Surgery Philadelphia PA USAClaudia E. Lago-Toro, The Bryn Mawr Hospital Department of Breast Surgery Bryn Mawr PA USAJenevieve H. Hughes, The Bryn Mawr Hospital Department of Breast Surgery Bryn Mawr PA USAEduardo Careaga, The Bryn Mawr Hospital Department of Breast Surgery Bryn Mawr PA USAAnjeanette T. B...

Phase I clinical trial of hepatic arterial infusion of cisplatin in combination with intravenous liposomal doxorubicin in patients with advanced cancer and dominant liver involvement

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:55:58 +0100

Conclusion The MTD was HAI cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and systemic doxil 35 mg/m2. This regimen demonstrated antitumor activity, especially in breast cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00280-010-1266-4Authors Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Phase I Program, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Unit 455 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston TX 77030 USAStacy Moulder, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Phase I Program, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Unit 455 1515 Holcombe Boulevard Houston TX 77030 USASiqing Fu, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Phase I Program, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Unit 4...

Virus 'kills prostate cancer'

NHS News Feed — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:47:00 +0100

Conclusion This is early research on a new treatment for prostate cancer. It is worth noting that: The virus has already been tested, and shown some success, in treatment for other cancers. This means that the route to clinical use may be shorter for this treatment indication but it will not get around the fact that many more patients will need to be tested in rigorous trials to see if the treatment is better than current alternatives. The treatment seemed to have very few side effects, which is a positive sign for a cancer treatment. The researchers acknowledge that it is unfortunate that the reovirus did not seem to infect non-cancerous tissue after the injection as this means that it is unlikely that the virus could spread to other areas of the prostate cancer and kill these, i...

Computer-aided interpretation of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging reflects histopathology of invasive breast cancer

European Radiology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 13:19:12 +0100

Conclusion Histopathological criteria associated with poor prognosis lead to significantly more aggressive dynamic enhancement patterns in MR mammography. In this study, higher lesion volumes as well as higher and earlier initial enhancement were independent covariates predicting higher tumour aggressiveness. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory BreastDOI 10.1007/s00330-010-1722-xAuthors Pascal A. T. Baltzer, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Erlanger Allee 101 07740 Jena GermanyTibor Vag, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Erlanger Allee 101 07740 Jena GermanyMatthias Dietzel, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Institute of Diagnostic and Intervention...

Loss of ICAM-1 signaling induces psoriasin (S100A7) and MUC1 in mammary epithelial cells

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 13:17:34 +0100

Abstract Psoriasin (S100A7), a member of the S100 gene family, is highly expressed in high-grade comedo ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), with a higher risk of local recurrence. Psoriasin is, therefore, a potential biomarker for DCIS with a poor prognosis. High-grade DCIS is characterized by a high proliferation rate and crowded cells, consequently, lose contact with the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was, therefore, to elucidate the involvement of adhesion signals in the regulation of psoriasin. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, and using breast carcinoma SAGE databases available from the CGAP website. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was down-regulated in MCF10A cells using short hairpin ...

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Expression of HAb18G is associated with tumor progression and prognosis of breast carcinoma

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 13:17:30 +0100

In conclusion, this study suggests that HAb18G expression is associated with BC progression and prognosis. Further evaluation of this new marker in breast cancer is indicated. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Preclinical studyDOI 10.1007/s10549-010-0790-6Authors Fangfang Liu, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research Tianjin 300060 ChinaLifang Cui, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research Tianjin 300060 ChinaYang Zhang, Fourth Military Medical University Cell Engineering Research Centre & Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biolo...

Microarray analysis of suppression subtracted hybridisation libraries identifies genes associated with breast cancer progression.

Cellular Oncology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 13:06:02 +0100

Conclusions: The combination of subtracted cDNA libraries and microarray analysis has thus identified potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy, which have not been identified from common prognostic gene signatures. PMID: 20208137 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cellular Oncology)

Increase of microRNA miR-31 level in plasma could be a potential marker of oral cancer

Oral Diseases — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study concluded that plasma miR-31 could be validated a marker of OSCC for diagnostic uses. (Source: Oral Diseases)

Working outdoors reduces cancer risk

Guardian Unlimited Science — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 09:11:40 +0100

Research shows vitamin D, produced by skin when exposed to ultraviolet light, associated with reduced rate of renal cancerMen who work outdoors, enabling their bodies to create vitamins through exposure to sunlight, have a reduced risk of kidney cancer, researchers said today.In the largest study of its kind, scientists found that vitamin D – produced by the skin when exposed to ultraviolet light – was associated with a reduced rate of renal cancer of up to 73% among men.However, the study, published by the American Cancer Society, found that the reduced risk only applied to men – there was no drop in renal cancer among the women studied who worked outdoors.The researchers, from the National Cancer Institute in the US, said the study of 2,500 workers in central Europe supported emerg...

Dose homogeneity in accelerated partial breast irradiation

Radiotherapy and Oncology — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Firstly, we would like to thank Dr. Nairz and Sedlmayer for their valuable comments. In our review entitled “Accelerated partial breast irradiation as part of breast conserving therapy of early breast carcinoma: A systematic review” different aspects of this new treatment were discussed, e.g. background/rationale, patient inclusion criteria, technical aspects of the various methods, and radiobiological issues. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)

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Metastatic Breast Cancer or Multiple Myeloma? Camouflage by Lytic Lesions

Journal of Oncology — Sun, 07 Mar 2010 13:47:51 +0100

This report addresses the pitfalls of overlapping symptoms and the question of which patients with suspected metastatic disease should undergo a biopsy. (Source: Journal of Oncology)

Foxp3 Expression in p53-dependent DNA Damage Responses [Signal Transduction]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 14:37:12 +0100

The forkhead transcription factor, Foxp3, is thought to act as a master regulator that controls (suppresses) expression of the breast cancer oncogenes, SKP2 and HER-2/ErbB2. However, the mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 expression and thereby modulate tumor development remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that Foxp3 up-regulation requires p53 function, showing that Foxp3 expression is directly regulated by p53 upon DNA damage responses in human breast and colon carcinoma cells. Treatment with the genotoxic agents, doxorubicin or etoposide, induced Foxp3 expression in p53-positive carcinoma cells, but not in cells lacking p53 function. Furthermore, knock down of endogenous wild-type p53 using RNA interference abrogated Foxp3 induction by genotoxic agents, and exogenous expression o...

Comparison of immunohistochemistry assays and real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for analyzing hormone receptor status in human breast carcinoma

Pathology International — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status of 163 surgical breast cancer specimens determined on real-time quantitative reverse transcription[ndash]polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using frozen tumor tissue were compared with that determined using three automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays including Dako (Glostrup, Denmark), Ventana (Tucson, AZ, USA) and BioGenex (San Ramon, CA, USA) assay. All specimens were semiquantified according to the Allred score and J-score. The cut-offs for ER determined by log (ER/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)) were [minus]3.6 and [minus]3.2 based on the Allred score and J-score, respectively, and those for PgR determined by log (PgR/GAPDH) were [minus]3.2 and [minus]2.8, respectively. The Allred total score (TS)...

Neuroendocrine ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: cytological features in 32 cases

Cytopathology — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: NE-DCIS has distinctive cytological features and can therefore be diagnosed as a neuroendocrine tumour in most FNAs and some nipple discharge smears by cytological examination employing immunohistochemical techniques. We emphasize that a breast lesion with these features may be in situ and not invasive, and also that there is a risk of under-diagnosis. (Source: Cytopathology)

p53 expression in tumor-stromal fibroblasts forming and not forming fibrotic foci in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Takahiro Hasebe, Motoki Iwasaki, Sadako Akashi-Tanaka, Takashi Hojo, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Yuko Sasajima, Takayuki Kinoshita & Hitoshi Tsuda (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

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EGFR and HER-2/neu expression in invasive apocrine carcinoma of the breast

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

EGFR and HER-2/neu expression in invasive apocrine carcinoma of the breast Modern Pathology advance online publication, March 5, 2010. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.50 Authors: Semir Vranic, Ossama Tawfik, Juan Palazzo, Nurija Bilalovic, Eduardo Eyzaguirre, Lisa MJ Lee, Patrick Adegboyega, Jill Hagenkord & Zoran Gatalica (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Synthesis of 9,9-Dialkyl-4,5-diazafluorene Derivatives and Their Structure-Activity Relationships Toward Human Carcinoma Cell Lines.

ChemMedChem — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wang Q, Yuen MC, Lu GL, Ho CL, Zhou GJ, Keung OM, Lam KH, Gambari R, Tao XM, Wong RS, Tong SW, Chan KW, Lau FY, Cheung F, Cheng GY, Chui CH, Wong WY A homologous set of 9,9-dialkyl-4,5-diazafluorene compounds were prepared by alkylation of 4,5-diazafluorene with the appropriate alkyl bromide and under basic conditions. The structures of these simple organic compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, NMR, and FABMS). Their biological effects toward a panel of human carcinoma cells, including Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma, MDAMB-231 breast carcinoma, and SKHep-1 hepatoma cells, were investigated; a structure-activity correlation was established with respect to the length of the alkyl chain and the fluorene ring structure. The relationship between the mean poten...

Arachidonic acid promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition in mammary epithelial cells MCF10A.

European Journal of Cell Biology — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that AA promotes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition in MCF10A human mammary non-tumorigenic epithelial cells. PMID: 20207443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Cell Biology)

The cytoskeletal organization of breast carcinoma and fibroblast cells inside three dimensional (3-D) isotropic silicon microstructures.

Biomaterials — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report differences in adhesion, mechanism of force balance within the cytoskeleton, and deformability among these cell types inside the 3-D microenvironment. HS68 fibroblasts typically stretched and formed vinculin-rich focal adhesions at anchor sites inside the etched cavities. In contrast, MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells adopted the curved surfaces of isotropic microstructures and exhibited more diffuse vinculin cytoplasmic staining in addition to vinculin localized in focal adhesions. The measurement of cells elasticity using atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation revealed that HS68 cells are significantly stiffer (p < 0.0001) than MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells. Upon microtubule disruption with nocodazole, fibroblasts no longer stretched, but adhesion of MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 within ...

Thyroid metastases from clear cell renal carcinoma 18years after nephrectomy.

Annales d'Endocrinologie — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report our experience with a case of thyroid metastases, which were detected 18years after curative kidney surgery for renal cell carcinoma. After 18years, the patients noted the sudden appearance of a lump in the neck. Ultrasonography showed the presence of a multinodular goiter, all nodules being "cold" at scintiscan. Total thyroidectomy was performed; histology of all nodules revealed a metastatic thyroid cancer from renal cell carcinoma. The patient was still alive and in good health 16months after thyroidectomy. History of patients with thyroid nodules should include inquiring about extra-thyroid malignancies, especially renal cell carcinoma, that may have been diagnosed even many years earlier. As a corollary, follow-up of such patients should include periodic thyroid exploration ...

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Immunohistochemical profiling of node negative breast carcinomas allows prediction of metastatic risk.

International Journal of Oncology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 22:59:04 +0100

Authors: Giusiano S, Secq V, Carcopino X, Carpentier S, Andrac L, Lavaut MN, Allasia C, Bonnier P, Iovanna JL, Garcia S, Boubli L, Birnbaum D, Charpin C The aim of this study was to identify a prognostic immunohistochemical signature indicative of risk of early metastasis in node-negative breast carcinomas that would also be relevant to the development of new tailored therapy. Quantitative measurements of the immunohistochemical expression of 64 markers (selected from literature data) using high-throughput densitometry (as a continuous variable) of digitised microscopic micro-array images were correlated with clinical outcome in 667 node-negative breast carcinomas (mean follow-up 102 months). Multivariable fractional polynomials model of logistic regression allowed the selection of the...

Intraductal carcinosarcoma with a heterologous mesenchymal component originating in intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) of the pancreas with both carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells arising from IPMC cells

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 15:42:50 +0100

Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas is extremely rare and its histogenesis is still unclear. This is a report on a 64-year-old female patient with an intraductal carcinosarcoma arising from intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) in the pancreas tail. The carcinosarcoma grew as a polypoid mass within the main pancreatic duct. Histologically, the tumour consisted of adenocarcinoma covering the luminal surface of the lesion with minimal stromal invasion, and osteosarcoma occupying the stroma. Immunohistochemical and gene mutation analyses revealed that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous tumour cells of the carcinosarcoma, as well as the IPMC cells, expressed TP53 and had identical mutations in KRAS and TP53 genes, indicating that these two neoplastic components of the carcinosarcoma s...

Out of the darkness and into the light: bright field in situ hybridisation for delineation of ERBB2 (HER2) status in breast carcinoma

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 15:42:49 +0100

Assessment of ERBB2 (HER2) status in breast carcinomas has become critical in determining response to the humanised monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. The current joint College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for the evaluation of HER2 status in breast carcinoma involve testing by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). However, neither of these modalities is without limitations. Novel bright field in situ hybridisation techniques continue to provide viable alternatives to FISH testing. While these techniques are not limited to evaluation of the HER2 gene, the extensive number of studies comparing bright field in situ techniques with other methods of assessing HER2 status allow a robust evaluation of this approach....

Adenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast and salivary glands (or 'The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde' of exocrine gland carcinomas)

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 15:42:49 +0100

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a tumour with myoepithelial differentiation and characterised by the presence of a dual population of basaloid and luminal cells arranged in specific growth patterns. These tumours, regardless of the anatomical site, are characterised by expression of the proto-oncogene and therapeutic target c-KIT, and seem to harbour a specific chromosomal translocation t(6;9) leading to the fusion gene MYB-NFIB and overexpression of the oncogene MYB. However, the clinical behaviour of salivary gland and breast AdCC differs; while salivary gland lesions have a relatively high proclivity to metastasise, patients with breast AdCCs have an excellent outcome. Here the clinical, morphological and molecular features, and potential therapeutic targets of salivary gland and bre...

The clinicopathological characteristics of 'triple-negative' epithelial ovarian cancer

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 15:42:49 +0100

Conclusions A novel subtype of ovarian carcinoma, which is negative for ER, PR and HER2 expression, has been identified; this specific ovarian subtype tends to have aggressive characteristics and a poor prognosis, which is similar to triple-negative breast cancer in most respects. TNEOC should be considered in future investigations of informative classification of ovarian cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

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Mechanisms of epigenetic silencing of the Rassf1a gene during estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis in ACI rats

Carcinogenesis — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 15:26:25 +0100

In conclusion, we demonstrate that epigenetic alterations precede formation of preneoplastic lesions indicating the significance of epigenetic events in induction of oncogenic pathways in early stages of carcinogenesis. (Source: Carcinogenesis)

Imaging and biodistribution of Her2/neu expression in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts with 64Cu-labeled trastuzumab PET

Cancer Science — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) overexpress the Her2/neu gene in approximately 59% of cases. Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, interferes with Her2 signaling and is approved for the treatment of Her2/neu overexpressing breast cancer. However, its therapeutic use in Her2/neu overexpressing NSCLC remains obscure. The present study aimed to determine the role of 64Cu-labeled trastuzumab positron emission tomography (PET) for non-invasive imaging of Her2/neu expression in NSCLC. Trastuzumab was conjugated with the bifunctional chelator 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with 64Cu. The molecular specificity of DOTA-trastuzumab was determined in NSCLC cell lines with Her2/neu overexpression (NCI-H2170) and negative expression...

Extra-long Projections of the Cell Surface in Nonspecial-type Ductal Carcinoma with Vascular Invasion under the Scanning Electron Microscope.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 18:17:01 +0100

In this study, cell surface projections of primary culture cells from tissues of infiltrating ductal carcinoma Non Special Type with vascular invasion are examined by use of the Scanning Electron Microscopy method. In these cases the projections of cell membrane appeared extremely long and bridge-like covering very long distances between the breast cancer cells. Also, the long cell membrane projections, connect cells between them and form a complex. Sometimes, from one edge to another we observed a very long chain of cancer cells reaching sometimes a length of 3, 3 mm. On the other hand the absence of vascular invasion never shows such long projections of the cell membrane even if there are many metastatic nodes. The role of these extra long projections in communication between cancer cell...

PARP-1 Val762Ala polymorphism is associated with reduced risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Korean males

BMC Medical Genetics - Latest articles — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The present data suggest that Val762Ala, Asp81Asp, and Lys352Lys polymorphisms and the haplotype-ACAAC in PARP-1 are associated with reduced risk of NHL in Korean males. (Source: BMC Medical Genetics - Latest articles)

Lead Exposure: A Contributing Cause of the Current Breast Cancer Epidemic in Nigerian Women.

Biological Trace Element Research — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Alatise OI, Schrauzer GN Breast cancer incidence in Nigerian women has significantly increased during the past three decades in parallel with the rapid industrialization of that country. This suggested that the associated widespread contamination of the soil and of the water supplies by lead (Pb) and other industrial metals was a major contributing cause. Because of its many domestic, industrial, and automotive uses, Pb is of particular concern as it has been shown to promote the development of mammary tumors in murine mammary tumor virus-infected female C3H mice at levels as low of 0.5 ppm Pb in the drinking water. Lead belongs to the group of selenium-antagonistic elements that interact with selenium (Se), abolishing its anti-carcinogenic effect. Lead on chronic, low-level e...

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[Identification of basal-like carcinomas in clinical practice: "triple zero/BRCA1-like" carcinomas.]

Bulletin du Cancer — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vincent-Salomon A, Macgrogan G, Charaffe-Jauffret E, Jacquemier J, Arnould L Basal-like carcinomas represent 10 to 15% of invasive breast carcinomas and have been identified from gene expression studies. Morphologically, these tumors are undifferentiated histopronostic grade 3 carcinomas, identified in clinical practice according to their immunophenotype "triple zero" (estrogen, progesterone and ERBB2 negative) associated with the high molecular weight cytokeratins 5/6/14 and/or EGFR expression. At the molecular level, these tumors harbour nearly 100% P53 mutations, a high rate of PTEN mutations with an AKT pathway's activation and numerous chromosomal alterations such as gains and losses. They share a high degree of similarity at the morphological, phenotypical and molecular ...

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Treatment, and Outcomes

Medscape Radiology Headlines — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 16:38:35 +0100

How have DCIS rates changed and what factors influence incidence rates over time? Journal of the National Cancer Institute (Source: Medscape Radiology Headlines)

Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Clinically N0 Neck: The Past, Present, and Future of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Current Oncology Reports — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:07:57 +0100

Abstract Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) has a yearly incidence of 274,000 patients. Twenty percent to 30% of patients will harbor occult regional metastases, an important feature that correlates with worse outcomes. Supraomohyoid neck dissection (SND) is the gold standard treatment, but because of recent successes of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in the management of breast cancer and melanoma, many have begun evaluating its use in head and neck mucosal cancers. SLN biopsy offers patients decreased morbidity compared with SND, and has shown reproducibly low false-negative rates, high-negative predictive values, and high sensitivities. Limitations with floor-of-mouth primaries and delayed secondary SNDs have been described, but a new agent designed to addres...

Should adjuvant trastuzumab be offered in very early-stage (pT1a/bN0M0) HER2-neu-positive breast cancer? A current debate

Medical Oncology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:07:46 +0100

Abstract There are many controversies regarding the treatment of very early-stage (pT1a/bN0M0) breast cancer (BC), generally considered to have a very good prognosis. The debate is the benefit of an adjuvant treatment of HER2-neu (namely HER-2)-positive subcentimetric carcinoma with trastuzumab. Current guidelines do not suggest, with the highest level of evidence, whether trastuzumab should be administered after adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of high-risk pT1a/bN0M0 breast cancer. The major phase III trials that confirmed the benefit of adjuvant immunotherapy did not include small (<1 cm diameter) node-negative breast cancer. Several retrospective case series of HER-2-positive pT1a/bN0M0 carcinoma seem to demonstrate that they have a higher risk of relapse ...

Coexistence between meningioma and tuberculosis: case report

Journal of Neuro-Oncology — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 18:09:25 +0100

Abstracts Intracranial tuberculoma generally presents as either solitary or multiple lesions in the brain parenchyma. These are characterized by a ring-enhancing area on either computerized tomography scans or magnetic resonance images. A 66 year-old female with a history of breast carcinoma at 41 years, treated with radical mastectomy and radio and chemotherapy, and rheumatoid arthritis, treated in the last 10 years, presented two months ago with occipital headache, nausea, cerebellar syndrome, alterations of speech, and memory loss. The TC scan showed occipital enhancement by contrast and surrounded by oedema, suggesting metastasis. Histology showed a benign meningioma with many multinuclear giant cells, granulomas, and central caseating necrosis....

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Image-Guided Treatment of Breast Cancer

Journal of the American College of Surgeons — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The article by Dr Silverstein and colleagues was published at a very important time, when key issues of disagreement remain in the management of breast carcinoma. The authors have discussed very eloquently various issues, such as the role of MRI, minimally invasive breast biopsy, sentinel node biopsy, clinical significance of micrometastasis, brachytherapy, and management of ductal carcinoma of situ and future research to improve the survival and overall survival in breast cancer. (Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons)

Overexpression of the novel human gene, UBE2Q2, in breast cancer

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway facilitates the degradation of damaged proteins and regulates growth and stress response. This pathway is activated in various cancers, including breast cancer. We have previously reported that the novel human gene, UBE2Q2, is a putative ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that is located on chromosome 15 and is overexpressed in tumor mass and invasive epithelium in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma. Here, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the expression levels of UBE2Q2 gene in a collection of 21 breast cancer tissues matched with normal adjacent counterparts. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot testing were also performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by using a rabbit polyclonal antibody that we...

rs2981582 is associated with FGFR2 expression in normal breast

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is associated with genetic variants in critical genes and protein pathways. Several recent association studies have identified fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2), a gene involved in mammary gland development, as a novel gene for breast cancer risk and rs2981582, or its proxy single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as a candidate SNP in various populations . Further studies suggest that two single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2981578 and rs7895676) in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs2981582 could influence enhancer activity by altering the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and/or CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) binding affinity . rs2981582 was observed to be associated with FGFR2 expression in b...

Clinicopathological characteristics of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in Korea: comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma-not otherwise specified.

J Korean Med Sci — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Park S, Koo J, Kim JH, Yang WI, Park BW, Lee KS Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of mucinous carcinoma (MC) were compared with invasive ductal carcinoma-not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS). Clinicopathological characteristics and survivals of 104 MC patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those of 3,936 IDC-NOS. The median age at diagnosis was 45 yr in MC and 47 yr in IDC-NOS, respectively. The sensitivity of mammography and sonography for pure MC were 76.5% and 94.7%, respectively. MC showed favorable characteristics including less involvement of lymph node, lower stage, more expression of estrogen receptors, less HER-2 overexpression and differentiated grade, and better 10-yr disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (86.1...

The Adjacent Vessel Sign on Breast MRI: New Data and a Subgroup Analysis for 1,084 Histologically Verified Cases.

Korean J Radiol — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The adjacent vessel sign was significantly associated with malignancy. Thus, it can be used to accurately assess breast lesions on bMRI. In this study, the AVS was particularly associated with advanced and invasive carcinomas. PMID: 20191065 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Korean J Radiol)

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Clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism with underlying malignancy.

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: PE was diagnosed within 1 year after the cancer diagnosis in almost 70% of patients. Lung cancer was the most common underlying malignancy. PMID: 20195405 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine)

Discrimination of Breast Tumors in Ultrasonic Images Using an Ensemble Classifier Based on the AdaBoost Algorithm With Feature Selection

IEE Transactions on Medical Imaging — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This paper proposes a novel algorithm to estimate a log-compressed K distribution parameter and presents an algorithm to discriminate breast tumors in ultrasonic images. We computed a total of 208 features for discrimination, including those based on a parameter of a log-compressed K-distribution, which quantifies the homogeneity of the echo pattern in the tumor, but is influenced by compression parameters in the ultrasonic device. The proposed algorithm estimates the parameter of the log-compressed K-distribution in a manner free from this influence. To quantify irregularities in tumor shape, pattern-spectrum-based features were newly developed in this paper. The discrimination process uses an ensemble classifier trained by a multiclass AdaBoost learning algorithm (AdaBoost.M2), combined ...

Med Sci Monit 2010; 16(3):CS33-39 "Conservative treatment of a rare case of multifocal adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: Case report and literature review"

Medical Science Monitor — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 19:37:00 +0100

Conclusions: There is no consensus on the optimal management of this disease. A breast-conserving approach may be recommended even if mastectomy has been traditionally the treatment of choice. Chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy have been infrequently used and so far have had no defined role in this kind of neoplasm. The authors found no other reports in the literature focusing on a conservative approach to multifocal adenoid cystic carcinoma. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

Specimen radiographs assist in identifying and assessing resection margins of occult breast carcinomas

Clinical Imaging — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 15:32:25 +0100

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of specimen radiographs of mastectomy in identifying occult carcinoma associated with microcalcifications and assessing the resection margins. We reviewed the histology and corresponding specimen radiographs of 16 patients with diffuse and widespread microcalcifications and who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy. After the specimens were serially sectioned, specimen radiographs of each section of the specimens were obtained with digital mammography equipment. Findings in the specimen radiographs were used to direct the histologic sampling of the specimens. On gross examination, two (12.5%) mastectomy specimens had identifiable discreet masses; the lesions were 4 and 7 mm, respectively. Histologic examination revealed the presence of ...

Increased MUTYH mutation frequency among Dutch families with breast cancer and colorectal cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:43:24 +0100

Abstract Homozygous and compound heterozygous MUTYH mutations predispose for MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). The clinical phenotype of MAP is characterised by the multiple colorectal adenomas and colorectal carcinoma. We previously found that female MAP patients may also have an increased risk for breast cancer. Yet, the involvement of MUTYH mutations in families with both breast cancer and colorectal cancer is unclear. Here, we have genotyped the MUTYH p.Tyr179Cys, p.Gly396Asp and p.Pro405Leu founder mutations in 153 Dutch families with breast cancer patients and colorectal cancer patients. Families were classified as polyposis, revised Amsterdam criteria positive (FCRC-AMS positive), revised Amsterdam criteria negative (FCRC-AMS negative), hereditary breast and colorecta...

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Evaluation of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 antigen expression in breast carcinomas of women treated with raloxifene

Cell Proliferation — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Raloxifene treatment significantly reduced Ki-67 antigen expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in breast carcinomas of post-menopausal women. (Source: Cell Proliferation)

Upregulation of FOXM1 induces genomic instability in human epidermal keratinocytes

Molecular Cancer — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We hypothesise that prolonged and repeated UVB exposure selects for skin cells bearing stable FOXM1 protein causes aberrant cell cycle checkpoint thereby allowing ectopic cell cycle entry and subsequent genomic instability. The aberrant upregulation of FOXM1 serves as a first hit where cells acquire genomic instability which in turn predisposes cells to a second hit whereby DNA-damage checkpoint response (eg. p53 or p16) is abolished to allow damaged cells to proliferate and accumulate genetic aberrations/mutations required for cancer initiation. (Source: Molecular Cancer)

Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast-A case report with a BRCA1 germline mutation.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with a past medical history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma 13 years ago, and who was recently diagnosed as having a low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma in the same breast. Genetic analysis of blood DNA revealed a BRCA1 mutation. To our knowledge, BRCA1 mutation in association with a low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast has not yet been reported. Thus, it may be important to consider the possibility of an association, but supplemental studies are needed. PMID: 20189727 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pathology, Research and Practice)

Serum neopterin as a prognostic indicator in patients with breast carcinoma

Central European Journal of Medicine — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 08:01:27 +0100

Abstract Neopterin is a useful indicator of the activation state of the cellular immune system, and an elevated level predicts prognosis in different types of tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum neopterin levels if it is viable predictor for prognosis in breast carcinoma patients. Serum neopterin was investigated in 56 breast carcinoma patients, 16 patients with benign breast lesions and 16 healthy women as controls. Neopterin was measured by ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The clinicopathological parameters were determined by reviewing both medical charts and pathological records. All patients had been followed-up until September 2009 or death.The mean serum neopterin concentrations were 8.5 ± 5.2 nmol/L in patients with breast carcinoma, 6.5±3...

Differential diagnosis of mammographically and clinically occult breast lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

To investigate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for mammographically and clinically occult breast lesions.The study included 91 women with 118 breast lesions (91 benign, 12 ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS], 15 invasive carcinoma) initially detected on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and assigned BI-RADS category 3, 4, or 5. DWI was acquired with b = 0 and 600 s/mm2. Lesion visibility was assessed on DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared between malignancies, benign lesions, and normal (no abnormal enhancement on DCE-MRI) breast tissue, and the diagnostic performance of DWI was assessed based on ADC thresholding.Twenty-four of 27 (89%) malignant and 74/91 (81%) benign lesions were hyperintense on the b = 60...

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Second Malignant Neoplasms in Survivors of Pediatric Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated With Low-Dose Radiation and Chemotherapy [Pediatric Oncology]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 23:01:03 +0100

Conclusion Despite treatment with low-dose radiation, children treated for HL remain at significant risk for SMN. Sarcomas, breast and thyroid carcinomas occurred with similar frequency and latency as found in studies of children with HL who received high-dose radiation. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Patient selection for accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) after breast-conserving surgery: Recommendations of the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) breast cancer working group based on clinical evidence (2009)

Radiotherapy and Oncology — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These recommendations will provide a clinical guidance regarding the use of APBI outside the context of a clinical trial before large-scale randomized clinical trial outcome data become available. Furthermore they should promote further clinical research focusing on controversial issues in the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma. (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology)

Role of sonoelastography in characterising breast nodules. Preliminary experience with 120 lesions

La Radiologia Medica — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 07:59:36 +0100

Conclusions The use of sonoelastography to complement mammography and ultrasonography could help in the differential diagnosis of nodular breast lesions, especially in Breast Imaging Reporting Data System (BI-RADS) 3 lesions with marked elasticity (S≤3). In these cases, the high concordance between elastography and cytology or histology in diagnosing benign lesions could reduce the number of needle biopsies and guide women at low radiological risk towards follow-up. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast Radiology/SenologiaDOI 10.1007/s11547-010-0518-zAuthors E. Regini, Università di Torino, ASO San Giovanni Battista di Torino, Sede Molinette Istituto di Radiologia Diagnostica ed Interventistica Via Genova 3 10126 Torino ItalyS. Bagnera, Università di Tori...

A 37-Year-Old Woman With Spindle Cells Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: A Case Characterized by Very Aggressive Clinical Behavior

The Breast Journal — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: The Breast Journal)

SPARC (Osteonectin) in Breast Tumors of Different Histologic Types and Its Role in the Outcome of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

The Breast Journal — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize the immunohistochemical distribution of secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein (SPARC) in benign and malignant breast tumors of different histologic types and define its association with the outcome of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. A total of 286 samples of benign and malignant breast lesions between 1994 and 2005 were retrieved from National Taiwan University Hospital. Up to 11 years clinical follow-up data were available for 185 patients with IDC. Immunohistochemistry staining with SPARC was performed in tissue microarray or whole section. The association of expression of SPARC and cumulative overall survival of IDC patients were analyzed using Kaplan[ndash]Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Secret...

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Columnar cell lesions of the canine mammary gland: pathological features and immunophenotypic analysis

BMC Cancer — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Columnar cell lesions in canine mammary gland are pathologically and immunophenotypically similar to those in human breast. This may suggest that dogs are a suitable model for the comparative study of noninvasive breast lesions. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Does Not Improve the Reduction in Ductal Carcinoma In situ Proliferation with Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: Results of the ERISAC Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Clinical Breast Cancer — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Exemestane reduces proliferation in ER-positive DCIS. Aromatase inhibition is a potential alternative to tamoxifen in patients who have undergone breast conservation for ER-positive DCIS. Clin Cancer Res; 16(5); 1605-12. PMID: 20179229 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Breast Cancer)

c-kit (CD117) Expression in Human Tumors and its Prognostic Value: An Immunohistochemical Analysis.

Pathology Oncology Research — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Medinger M, Kleinschmidt M, Mross K, Wehmeyer B, Unger C, Schaefer HE, Weber R, Azemar M c-kit functions as a tyrosine kinase receptor and represents a target for small molecule kinase inhibitors. The expression pattern for c-kit was studied in different human tumor types to their correlation with prognosis. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 282 patients were analyzed immunohistochemically for c-kit expression. Survival and follow-up data were available from 192/282 (68%) patients. c-kit immunopositivity was found in 62/282 (22%) cases. c-kit expression was found in 14/83 (17%) colorectal cancers, in 13/62 (21%) breast cancers, in 7/20 sarcomas (35%), in 5/14 (36%) renal cell carcinomas, in 2/12 ovarian cancers (17%) and in 2/12 (17%) hepatocellular carcinomas. We found no ...

Association of a variant in MIR196A2 with susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in male Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Human Immunology — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Qi P, Dou TH, Zhou FG, Gu X, Wang H, Gao CF MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with regulatory functions as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Recent studies have implicated that the rs11614913 SNP in MIR196A2 was associated with susceptibility of lung cancer, congenital heart disease, breast cancer and shortened survival time of non-small cell lung cancer. To assess whether this polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to and clinicopathologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a total of 560 patients with chronic HBV infection and 391 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and MIR196A2 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-ligation detection reaction (PCR-LDR). In our study group, there was no signific...

Cancerous Breast Lesions on Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Images: Computerized Characterization for Image-based Prognostic Markers [BREAST IMAGING]

Radiology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 20:50:30 +0100

Study results show that our MR imaging computer-aided diagnosis algorithm, with use of a combination of computer-extracted MR imaging kinetic and morphologic features, has the potential to be extended to two prognostic tasks: (a) classification of noninvasive (ductal carcinoma in situ) versus invasive (invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC]) lesions and (b) further classification of IDC lesions into lesions with positive lymph nodes (LNs) and lesions with negative LNs. (Source: Radiology)

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Breast pathology

Surgery (Medicine Publishing) — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 16:03:43 +0100

Abstract: Cellular pathology is a key component of the breast disease multidisciplinary team, representing the ‘gold standard’ in the diagnosis of breast cancer and providing information key to the determination of prognosis and management. Material may be obtained for pathological examination using fine needle aspiration (cytology) or core biopsy and surgical excision (histopathology). Common benign conditions include fibrocystic change, fibroadenomas, intraduct papillomas and radial scars. Carcinoma is by far the most common malignant tumour and may exist in in situ or invasive forms. The NHS Breast Screening Programme has resulted in the detection of less advanced breast cancers, for example in situ carcinoma and small, low-grade invasive carcinomas. A cellular pathology report for ...

Adult height and cancer mortality in Asia: the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration

Annals of Oncology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 13:25:36 +0100

Conclusions: In the present study, taller men and women had an elevated risk of selected malignancies. These associations did not differ appreciably between Asian and Caucasian populations. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Expression of androgen receptors in primary breast cancer

Annals of Oncology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 13:25:35 +0100

Conclusions: AR is expressed in a significant number of breast cancers and is associated with lower tumor burden and favorable differentiation. There are many issues to be further investigated such as whether AR is an independent prognostic factor, whether it is a therapeutic target for the triple-negative breast cancers and whether it is associated with HER-2 signaling in ER-negative tumors. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Patient selection for accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) after breast-conserving surgery: Recommendations of the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) breast cancer working group based on clinical evidence (2009).

Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations will provide a clinical guidance regarding the use of APBI outside the context of a clinical trial before large-scale randomized clinical trial outcome data become available. Furthermore they should promote further clinical research focusing on controversial issues in the treatment of early-stage breast carcinoma. PMID: 20181402 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology)

Rectal metastasis from lobular breast carcinoma 15 years after primary diagnosis

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sat, 20 Feb 2010 07:07:59 +0100

Abstract Lobular breast carcinoma represents 2–20% of infiltrative carcinomas of the breast. The incidence of extrahepatic gastrointestinal (GI) tract metastases observed in necropsy studies varies from 6% to 18% and the most commonly affected organ is the stomach, followed by colon and rectum [1–4]. Reported herein is the case of a 67-year-old woman who was primarily diagnosed and surgically treated for a lobular carcinoma of the breast 15 years ago and is now referred with back pain and right hydronephrosis caused by a metastasis in rectum. Frequently, the absence of specific symptoms of digestive metastases of breast cancer leads to a misdiagnosis of this pathology [5–7]. The treatment will be based on a detailed clinical history and histopathological findings. Me...

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The Stability of Breast Cancer Progenitor Cells during Cryopreservation: Maintenance of Proliferation, Self-renewal, and Senescence Characteristics.

Cryobiology — Sat, 20 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we looked at the effect of cryopreservation on breast cancer progenitor cells known as mammospheres, which are derived from the MCF7 breast carcinoma cell line. We focused on the effect of cryopreservation on the cell biology and function of tumor-initiating cells using a standard method of cryopreservation with 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). Cell proliferation and survival was analyzed by alamarBlue solution on cryopreserved cells stored for 1 to 12 weeks and also by the expression of Ki-67. To assess self-renewal, single cells were harvested by limiting dilution procedure and wells were scored once a week. In order to investigate senescence, the activity of beta-galactosidase was detected by histochemical staining. Our results indicate that cryopreservation of breast canc...

Cytotoxic and Cell Cycle Effects Induced by Two Herbal Extracts on Human Cervix Carcinoma and Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Journal of Medicinal Food — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 21:48:23 +0100

Journal of Medicinal Food , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Medicinal Food)

Down-regulation of the Fetal Stem Cell Factor SOX17 by H33342: A MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN BREAST CANCER SIDE POPULATION CELLS [Gene Regulation]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 14:39:18 +0100

Human solid tumors contain rare cancer side population (SP) cells, which expel the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 (H33342) and display cancer stem cell characteristics. Transcriptional profiling of cancer SP cells isolated by H33342 fluorescence analysis is a newly emerging approach to discover cancer stem cell markers and aberrant differentiation pathways. Using Affymetrix expression microarrays and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we investigated differential gene expression between SP and non-SP (NSP) cells isolated from human mammary carcinoma cell lines. A total of 136 genes were up-regulated in breast cancer SP relative to NSP cells, one of which was the fetal stem cell factor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway target SOX17. Strikingly, we discovered that SOX17 was down-r...

The Human Carnitine Transporter SLC22A16 Mediates High Affinity Uptake of the Anticancer Polyamine Analogue Bleomycin-A5 [Membrane Biology]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 14:39:17 +0100

Bleomycin is used in combination with other antineoplastic agents to effectively treat lymphomas, testicular carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, head, and neck. However, resistance to bleomycin remains a persistent limitation in exploiting the full therapeutic benefit of the drug with other types of cancers. Previously, we documented that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae l-carnitine transporter Agp2 is responsible for the high affinity uptake of polyamines and of the polyamine analogue bleomycin-A5. Herein, we document that the human l-carnitine transporter hCT2 encoded by the SLC22A16 gene is involved in bleomycin-A5 uptake, as well as polyamines. We show that NT2/D1 human testicular cancer cells, which highly express hCT2, are extremely sensitive to bleomycin-A5, whereas ...

Clonal Relationship Between Closely Approximated Low-Grade Ductal and Lobular Lesions in the Breast

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 12:04:39 +0100

Is it possible that ductal and lobular breast carcinoma share genetic similarities? American Journal of Clinical Pathology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Nodal-Stage Classification in Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma: Influence of Different Interpretations of the pTNM Classification [Breast Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 23:00:38 +0100

Conclusion Compared with the guidelines by Turner et al, the EWGBSP definitions better reflect SN metastatic tumor load and allow better differentiation between patients with lobular breast carcinoma who have a limited or a high risk of non-SN metastases. Therefore, we suggest using the EWGBSP definitions in these patients to select high-risk patients who may benefit from additional local and/or systemic therapy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Perineural invasion in carcinoma of the cervix uteri—prognostic impact

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 17:54:28 +0100

Conclusions Perineural invasion is seen in about one-third of patients with cervical carcinoma. Patients affected by PNI represented a decreased overall survival. Further studies are required to get a deeper insight into the clinical impact and the pathogenetic mechanisms of PNI in CX. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-010-0813-zAuthors Lars-Christian Horn, University of Leipzig Division of Breast Gynecologic and Perinatal Pathology, Institute of Pathology Liebigstrasse 26 04103 Leipzig GermanyAlexandra Meinel, University of Leipzig Division of Breast Gynecologic and Perinatal Pathology, Institute of Pathology Liebigstrasse 26 04103 Leipzig GermanyUta Fischer, University of Leipzig Division of Breast Gynecologic and Perinatal Path...

Expression of Vascular Notch Ligand Delta-Like 4 and Inflammatory Markers in Breast Cancer.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We examined 296 breast adenocarcinomas and 38 ductal carcinoma in situ tissues that were represented in tissue microarrays. Additional whole sections representing 10 breast adenocarcinomas, 10 normal breast tissues, and 16 angiosarcomas were included. Immunohistochemistry was then performed by using validated antibodies against Dll4, CD68, CD14, DC-SIGN, CD123, neutrophil elastase, CD31, and carbonic anhydrase 9. Dll4 was selectively expressed by intratumoral endothelial cells in 73% to 100% of breast adenocarcinomas, 18% of in situ ductal carcinomas, and all lactating breast cases, but not normal nonlactating breast. High intensity of endothelial Dll4 expression was a statistically significant adverse prognostic factor in univariate (P = 0.002 and P = 0.01) and multivariate analyses (P = ...

BMPs in Osteotropic Cancers.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Buijs JT, Petersen M, van der Horst G, van der Pluijm G Breast and prostate cancer are osteotropic cancers, i.e., carcinomas that have a special predilection to form bone metastases. At postmortem examination, approximately 70% of patients dying of these cancers have evidence of metastatic bone disease. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) were first identified by their ability to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo. Since prostate cancer cells express several BMPs, BMPs have been implicated in the osteoblastic phenotype of bone metastases. In addition to their osteogenic function, BMPs turned out to be multifunctional proteins regulating cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis in various target cells, including breast and prostate cancer cells. Especially in th...

Hormone Receptor and c-ERBB2 Status in Distant Metastatic and Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer: Pathologic Correlations and Clinical Significance.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:42:49 +0100

Authors: Idirisinghe PK, Thike AA, Cheok PY, Tse GM, Lui PC, Fook-Chong S, Wong NS, Tan PH Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and c-ERBB2 (HER2/neu) are therapeutically and prognostically important markers in the management of breast carcinoma. They are not always analyzed in distant metastatic and locally recurrent breast cancers. We compared immunohistochemical expression in a series of primary breast carcinomas with their distant metastases (n = 72) and local recurrences (n = 45) and analyzed the impact of any changes on survival. Discordance rates between primary and metastatic and between primary and locally recurrent lesions, respectively, were 18% (13/72) and 13% (6/45) for ER, 42% (30/72) and 33% (15/45) for PR, and 7% (5/72) and 2% (1/45) for c-ERBB2. There wa...

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Inhibition of Bone Metastasis from Breast Carcinoma by Rosmarinic Acid

Planta Medica — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 14:14:07 +0100

Planta MedDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1240893AbstractSkeletal disorders are a common complication of breast cancer and will be found in the vast majority of women with metastatic disease. Our study showed that rosmarinic acid (RA) could inhibit the migration of MDA‐MB-231BO human bone-homing breast cancer cells dose-dependently. Furthermore, in ST-2 murine bone marrow stromal cells cultured with RA there was a significant and dose-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, with the number and size of mineralized nodules increasing. According to Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR assay, RA may inhibit bone metastasis from breast carcinoma mainly via the pathway of the receptor activator of NFB ligand (RANKL)/RANK/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and by simultaneously suppressing...

A PAK-Activated Linker for EGFR and FAK.

Developmental Cell — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tomar A, Schlaepfer DD Transmembrane growth factor and integrin matrix receptors form multiprotein signaling complexes with FAK, a cytoplasmic cell motility-associated kinase. In a recent issue of Molecular Cell, Long et al. now show that a PAK-phosphorylated alternate-spliced isoform of the steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3Delta4) bridges EGFR and FAK, enhancing breast carcinoma cell migration and metastasis. PMID: 20159588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Cell)

[Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS). Histopathological features and treatment modalities: analysis of 1,289 cases.]

Bulletin du Cancer — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cutuli B, Lemanski C, Fourquet A, de Lafontan B, Giard S, Lancrenon S, Meunier A, Pioud-Martigny R, Campana F, Marsiglia H, Mery E, Penault-Llorca F, Fondrinier E, Tunon de Lara C From March 2003 to April 2004, were prospectively collected in France 1,289 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with data on diagnosis, patient and tumour characteristics, and treatments. Median age was 56 years (range, 30-84). DCIS was diagnosed by mammography in 87.6% of patients. Mastectomy (M), conservative surgery alone (CS) and conservative surgery with radiotherapy (CS + RT) were performed in 30.5, 7.8 and 61.7% of patients, respectively. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and axillary dissection (AD) were performed in 21.3 and 10.4% of patients, respectively. Hormone therapy was administered to 13.4% of ...

Feasibility study on the treatment of small breast carcinoma using percutaneous US-guided preferential radiofrequency ablation (PRFA).

Breast — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wiksell H, Löfgren L, Schässburger KU, Grundström H, Janicijevic M, Lagerstedt U, Leifland K, Nybom R, Rotstein S, Saracco A, Schultz I, Thorneman K, Wadström C, Westman L, Wigzell H, Wilczek B, Auer G, Sandstedt B The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound (US) guided preferential radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) of unifocal human invasive breast carcinoma with largest radiological diameters of up to 16 mm. Thirty-three patients were enrolled in a study to be treated prior to scheduled partial mastectomy. A needle-shaped treatment electrode, successively developed in two different sizes, was placed into the center of the lesions using ultrasound guidance. A temperature of 85 degrees C was maintained for 10 m...

Aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia in early breast cancer: what do we know and how can we find out more?

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 18:02:19 +0100

Abstract Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a standard of care for the adjuvant treatment of hormone responsive early carcinoma of the breast as demonstrated in a number of large international phase III randomised trials. Arthralgia was a somewhat unexpected side effect of this class of agents and has proven to be potentially problematic in clinical practice. Although rates of up 35% have been reported in the randomised trials, the figure has been much higher in subsequent case series. There is concern that these symptoms are significant and may affect compliance and thus the overall efficacy of treatment. It is therefore extremely important that we evaluate this syndrome with a view to gaining more information regarding its clinical features and possible aetiological mechanis...

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Oligomannurarate sulfate blocks tumor growth by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation.

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Our data indicate that NF-kappaB mediates the JG3-induced arrest of tumor growth. These results define a new mechanism of action of JG3 and highlight the potential for JG3 as a promising lead molecule in cancer therapy. PMID: 20154712 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica)

Loss of SOCS3 expression is associated with an increased risk of recurrent disease in breast carcinoma

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Sun, 14 Feb 2010 06:50:29 +0100

Conclusions Deficient expression of SOCS3 is associated with an aggressive phenotype and portends a poor clinical outcome in breast carcinoma. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-010-0819-6Authors Mingzhen Ying, Second Military Medical University Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital Changhai Road 168 Shanghai 200433 People’s Republic of ChinaDawei Li, Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science Shanghai 200433 People’s Republic of ChinaLinjun Yang, Second Military Medical University Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital Changhai Road 168 Shanghai 200433 People’s Republic of ChinaMei Wang, Second Military Medical University Department of Oncology, Changhai Hos...

Differential proteomic analysis of a highly metastatic variant of human breast cancer cells using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Sun, 14 Feb 2010 06:50:28 +0100

Abstract Distant metastasis represents the major lethal cause of breast cancer. To understand the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis and identify markers with metastatic potential, we established a highly metastatic variant of parental MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA-MB-231HM). Using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), we performed a proteomic comparison of the two kinds of cells. As much as 51 protein spots were differentially expressed between the selected variant and its parental counterpart in at least 3 experiments. Ten unique proteins were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and database searching s...

Combined therapy with the RANKL inhibitor RANK-Fc and rhApo2L/TRAIL/dulanermin reduces bone lesions and skeletal tumor burden in a model of breast cancer skeletal metastasis.

Cancer Biology and Therapy — Sun, 14 Feb 2010 05:16:17 +0100

Authors: Holland PM, Miller R, Jones J, Douangpanya H, Piasecki J, Roudier M, Dougall WC In bone metastases, tumor cells interact with the bone microenvironment to induce osteoclastogenesis, leading to bone destruction and growth factor release. RANK ligand (RANKL) is essential for osteoclast formation, function and survival. Tumor cell-mediated osteolysis is thought to occur ultimately via induction of RANKL within the bone stroma, and inhibition of RANKL in models of breast cancer bone metastases blocks tumor-induced osteolysis and reduces skeletal tumor burden. In addition, the skeleton is co-opted by tumor cells and functions as a supportive tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of RANKL, by reducing tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis, may reduce the local release of growth factors and ...

Intraoperative Imprint Cytology Examination of Sentinel Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 06:58:38 +0100

Conclusion NAC does not seem to influence the accuracy and sensitivity of IC. Variations in sensitivity are related to the proportion of cases with micrometastases and ITC, as it was also shown in chemonaive patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyDOI 10.1245/s10434-010-0952-0Authors P. Gimbergues, Centre Jean Perrin Department of Surgery Clermont-Ferrand FranceM. M. Dauplat, Centre Jean Perrin Department of Pathology Clermont-Ferrand FranceX. Durando, Centre Jean Perrin Department of Clinical Oncology Clermont-Ferrand FranceC. Abrial, Centre Jean Perrin Department of Clinical Research Clermont-Ferrand FranceG. Le Bouedec, Centre Jean Perrin Department of Surgery Clermont-Ferrand FranceM. A. Mouret-Reynier, Centre Jean Perrin Department of Clinica...

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Influence of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast tumor cells

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 06:49:33 +0100

Abstract Studies were performed to determine the influence of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on sensitivity to Adriamycin (doxorubicin) in four human breast tumor cell lines and one murine breast tumor line. Sildenafil did not interfere with the effectiveness of Adriamycin in any of the cell lines tested. Sildenafil also failed to protect MDA-MB231 cells against the cytotoxicity of cisplatin, taxol or camptothecin. Sildenafil enhanced sensitivity to Adriamycin markedly in the p53 mutant MDA-MB231 and p53 null MCF-7/E6 cells and moderately in the MCF-7/caspase 3 and 4T1 cell lines. In the MDA-MB231 cells, sildenafil increased the extent of DNA damage induced by Adriamycin as well as the extent of apoptotic cell death. Sildenafil did not influence sensitivity...

Serum CA19.9 levels are commonly elevated in primary ovarian mucinous tumours but cannot be used to predict the histological subtype

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 10:25:41 +0100

Conclusion Preoperative CA19.9 levels cannot be used to predict whether a suspected ovarian mucinous tumour is benign, borderline or malignant. Markedly elevated serum levels (>1000 U/ml) may be found in benign mucinous neoplasms as well as in borderline and malignant tumours. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Increased estrogen sulfatase (STS) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1(17β-HSD1) following neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer patients

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 07:12:02 +0100

Abstract Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are considered the gold standard for endocrine therapy of estrogen receptor (ER) positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. The therapy may enhance therapeutic response and stabilize disease but resistance and disease progression inevitably occur in the patients. These are considered at least partly due to an emergence of alternative intratumoral estrogen production pathways. Therefore, in this study we evaluated effects of exemestane (EXE) upon the enzymes involved in intratumoral estrogen production including estrogen sulfatase (STS), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1), and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) and correlated the findings with therapeutic responses including Ki67 labeling index (Ki67). 116 postmenopausa...

[Case Report] Loss of vision? Clear as crystal!

LANCET — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In January, 2008, an 84-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of painless progressive whitening of the pupil and reduced vision in her left eye. She also complained of tiredness, loss of appetite, and over 6 kg weight loss during the previous year. She had had uneventful left extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation 15 years previously and right phacoemulsification with PC-IOL three years later. In 2005 she had an episode of uncomplicated left herpes zoster ophthalmicus that was treated with famciclovir. Other medical history included insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and left mastectomy followed by radiotherapy for breast carcinoma in 2004. On examination, her left visual acuity was reduced (6/18). The eye was no...

Expression of cell cycle proteins in male breast carcinoma

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Aberrant cell cycle protein expression supports our view that these are important pathways involved in the etiopathogenesis of MBC. Tumors with overexpression of Cyclin D1 and c-myc had better outcomes, in contrast to tumors with overexpression of p21, p57, and PCNA with significantly worse outcomes. P27 appears to be a predictive marker for lymph nodal status. Such observation strongly suggests that dysregulation of cell cycle proteins may play a unique role in the initiation and progression of disease in male breast cancer. Such findings open up new avenues for the treatment of MBC as a suitable candidate for novel CDK-based anticancer therapies in the future. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Positioning of necrotic lobular intraepithelial neoplasias (LIN, grade 3) within the sequence of breast carcinoma progression

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study we have employed array comparative genomic hybridization to determine the patterns of chromosomal aberrations in nine LIN3 lesions. By comparison to array CGH data of 13 classic LIN lesions, we demonstrate that classic LIN and LIN3 share several recurrent changes, in particular gains of 1q and losses of 16q. Both aberrations are known to appear early in tumorigenesis and to be associated with good prognosis. However, apart from this overlap, there were a number of karyotypic features that were observed exclusively in LIN3. Clearly, this lesion was characterized by a significantly higher number of DNA copy number changes (9 vs. 31 on average), a considerable complexity of chromosomal rearrangements with more than 16 breakpoints in one chromosome and overlapping high copy ampli...

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate downregulates Pg-P and BCRP in a tamoxifen resistant MCF-7 cell line

Phytomedicine — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We investigated the anticancer effect of EGCG treatment on a breast carcinoma cell line resistant to tamoxifen (MCF-7Tam cells). As there are no reports about the molecular mechanisms implicated in EGCG treatment of tamoxifen resistant breast carcinoma cells, we studied the effects of EGCG treatment on three plasma membrane proteins that are involved in the mechanism of drug-resistance: Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP). EGCG treatment (10-100μg/ml for 24-72hours) caused cell growth inhibition and dose-dependent apoptosis: after 100μg/ml EGCG treatment for 24hours, Bax expression increased and Bcl2 expression decreased (p (Source: Phytomedicine)

Grading of skin sebaceous carcinoma

Human Pathology — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 15:07:41 +0100

Tumor grade is a system used to classify cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Many factors are considered when determining tumor grade, including structure and growth pattern of the cells. The specific factors used to determine tumor grade vary with each type of cancer. Tumor grade may be used to plan treatment and to estimate the future course and the outcome of disease (prognosis) with certain types of cancers such as breast and prostate. Recently, we have observed a case of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) of the vulva and have examined Word Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Skin Tumours and fascicle of AFIP regarding nonmelanocytic tumour of the skin. (Source: Human Pathology)

Rectal carcinoma metastasizing to the breast: A case report and review of literature

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 13:47:35 +0100

We present a case of a 42-year-old woman with an incidental finding of a breast lump. She had a history of Dukes C rectal carcinoma for which she had undergone an anterior resection 11 months earlier. The breast deposit was the first clinical indication of relapse. The patient subsequently developed liver and brain metastases and deteriorated rapidly; she died 2 months after presenting with the breast mass. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Incidence of malignancy in primary Sjogren's syndrome in a Chinese cohort

Rheumatology — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 12:45:03 +0100

Conclusions. The current study confirms the increased incidence of lymphoma in Chinese patients with pSS, with the majority of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Associations between pSS and other malignant tumours such as myeloid myeloma, mouth cancer, breast cancer and thymoma need to be further observed. (Source: Rheumatology)

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Number of lymph nodes removed in sentinel lymph node-negative breast cancer patients is significantly related to patient age and tumor size

Cancer — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been well-established for axillary lymph node staging for patients with breast cancer. For lymph node-negative patients, planned "backup" axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is rarely indicated. Among patients with negative SLNs, the authors observed variation by tumor size and patient age in the total number of lymph nodes removed (SLNs plus non-SLNs). They hypothesized that this variation is an unrecognized source of bias for studies examining the morbidity of SLN biopsy.Retrospective review of this institution's SLN database identified 4103 SLN biopsy procedures between 1997 and 2004 in which SLN biopsy was performed for prophylactic mastectomy, ductal carcinoma in situ, or T1 to T2 invasive cancers, and the SLNs were benign.The mean number of SLNs...

Multichromatic phenotyping of HER receptor coexpression in breast tumor tissue samples using flow cytometry - Possibilities and limitations

Cytometry Part A — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The prognostic significance of HER2 expression in human breast carcinomas is beyond dispute nowadays. The HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases comprises four members (HER1/ErbB1/EGFR, HER2/ErbB2, HER3/ErbB3, and HER4/ErbB4) that act in concert via transactivation and consequently compose a functional signaling unit. Besides HER2 overexpression, coexpression of other HER receptors has substantial impact on course of disease and potential therapeutic benefit. This observation is substantiated by numerous preclinical studies and retrospective studies done on patients with breast cancer. Against this background, the quantification of all HER receptor expressions at the same time would significantly extend the information content revealed by routine diagnosis of breast cancer tissues. Moreov...

Ghrelin's role on gastrointestinal tract cancer

Surgical Oncology — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 15:45:39 +0100

Abstract: Ghrelin is a recently identified 28-amino-acid peptide, with pituitary growth hormone releasing activities in humans and other mammals. In mammals, ghrelin plays a variety of roles, including influence on food intake, gastric motility, and acid secretion of the gastrointestinal tract. It is mainly secreted from the stomach mucosa, but it is also expressed widely in other tissues – in normal and malignant conditions – and, therefore, ghrelin may exert such variable endocrine and paracrine effects, as autocrine and/or paracrine function in cancer. Ghrelin's actions are mediated via its receptor, known as growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), type 1a and 1b. Several endocrine and non-endocrine cancers, such as gastro-entero-pancreatic carcinoids, colorectal neoplasms, pi...

Following DCIS Diagnosis, Psychosicail Interventions Recommended

Dermatology News From Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 11:00:00 +0100

Following DCIS Diagnosis, Psychosicail Interventions Recommended

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 11:00:00 +0100

A new analysis has found that women with medium or low levels of income are particularly susceptible to anxiety and depression after being diagnosed with the precancerous breast condition, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Published early online in Cancer, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study suggests that women with financial hardship may benefit from psychosocial interventions that are designed to accommodate their unique needs... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Breast density, scintimammographic (99m)Tc(V)DMSA uptake, and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) expression in mixed invasive ductal associated with extensive in situ ductal carcinoma (IDC + DCIS) and pure invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC): correlation with estrogen receptor (ER) status, proliferation index Ki-67, and histological grade.

Breast Cancer — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: BetaD, SMM, CGRP, and Ki-67 were significantly increased, whereas ER was significantly decreased, in IDC + DCIS as compared with IDC, indicating that IDC + DCIS is an entity that is more aggressive, ER independent, and possibly associated with a pathway linked to stromal involvement and CGRP activity. PMID: 20143189 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast Cancer)

Worse prognosis of metaplastic breast cancer patients than other patients with triple-negative breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 17:32:22 +0100

Abstract The present study was designed to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) compared to general invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and the triple-negative subtype (TN-IDC). The study population included 35 MBC and 2,839 IDC patients, including 473 TN-IDC diagnoses, from the National Cancer Center, Korea between 2001 and 2008. The clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age of patients was 47.4 years for the MBC group and 48.3 years for the IDC group. The MBC patients presented with a larger tumor size (≥T2, 74.3% vs. 38.8%, P < 0.001), more distant metastasis at the first diagnosis (8.6% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.04), higher histologic grade (grade ...

Financial hardship and anxiety

Medicineworld.org: New Article Alert — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 14:04:47 +0100

A new analysis has observed that women with medium or low levels of income are especially susceptible to anxiety and depression after being diagnosed with the premalignant breast condition, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Published early online in Cancer, a peer-evaluated journal of the American Cancer Society, the study suggests that women with financial hardship appears to benefit from psychosocial interventions that are designed to accommodate their unique needs........ (Source: Medicineworld.org: New Article Alert)

Four different malignancies in one patient: a case report

BioMed Central — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report a 78-year-old women who has metachronous quadruple adenocarcinoma, includes bilateral breast cancer, ovarian cancer and retroperitoneal neuroendocrine carcinoma. The development of second cancer in cancer survivors can be expected but third or higher order malignancies are rare. (Source: BioMed Central)

Epidermal growth factor-dependent enhancement of invasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast

Cancer Science — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Factors that promote the aggressiveness of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast are not well understood. To examine the involvement of cell motility and the mechanism of this behavior, a squamous cell carcinoma cell line of the breast (HBC9) was established from a metastatic lymph node of a Japanese woman. HBC9 expressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but was negative for Her2 or Her3.The invasive ability of HBC9 was compared with that of four breast ductal carcinoma cell lines by Matrigel invasion assay. EGF stimulation induced the formation of surface protrusions and cell migration in HBC9 cells, and significantly increased the number of cells migrating through the Matrigel. The invasive ability of HBC9 was compared with other cell lines of breast carcinoma; it was much greate...

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Dual drug loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy.

Biomaterials — Sat, 06 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report here an aqueous based formulation of glycerol monooleate coated magnetic nanoparticles (GMO-MNPs) devoid of any surfactant capable of carrying high payload hydrophobic anticancer drugs. The biocompatibility was confirmed by tumor necrosis factor alpha assay, confocal microscopy. High entrapment efficiency approximately 95% and sustained release of encapsulated drugs for more than two weeks under in vitro conditions was achieved for different anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, rapamycin, alone or combination). Drug loaded GMO-MNPs did not affect the magnetization properties of the iron oxide core as confirmed by magnetization study. Additionally the MNPs were functionalized with carboxylic groups by coating with DMSA (Dimercaptosuccinic acid) for the supplementary conjugation of amines...

Docosahexaenoic acid intake decreases proliferation, increases apoptosis and decreases the invasive potential of the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231.

International Journal of Oncology — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 21:22:08 +0100

Authors: Blanckaert V, Ulmann L, Mimouni V, Antol J, Brancquart L, Chénais B Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in industrialized countries. Environmental factors, such as differences in diet are likely to have an important influence on cancer emergence. Among these factors, n-3 polyunsaturated-fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are good candidates for preventing breast cancer. Here we investigate the effect of DHA on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and show that DHA incorporation i) has an anti-proliferative effect, ii) induces apoptosis via a transient increase in caspase-3 activity and the promotion of nuclear condensation, and iii) reduces the invasive potential of MDA-MB-231 cells. To conclude, DHA may have beneficial effects as a resu...

Epithelial-Stromal Interaction 1 (EPSTI1) Substitutes for Peritumoral Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: de Neergaard M, Kim J, Villadsen R, Fridriksdottir AJ, Rank F, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Langerød A, Børresen-Dale AL, Petersen OW, Rønnov-Jessen L Tumor cells can activate stroma, yet the implication of this activation in terms of reciprocal induction of gene expression in tumor cells is poorly understood. Epithelial Stromal Interaction 1 (EPSTI1) is an interferon response gene originally isolated from heterotypic recombinant cultures of human breast cancer cells and activated breast myofibroblasts. Here we describe the first immunolocalization of EPSTI1 in normal and cancerous breast tissue, and we provide evidence for a role of this molecule in the regulation of tumor cell properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In general, no EPSTI1 staining was obser...

Peptide-Targeted Nanoglobular Gd-DOTA Monoamide Conjugates for Magnetic Resonance Cancer Molecular Imaging.

Biomacromolecules — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we synthesized and evaluated CLT1 peptide-targeted nanoglobular Gd-DOTA monoamide conjugates for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the fibrin-fibronectin complexes in tumor. The targeted nanoglobular contrast agents were prepared by conjugating peptide CLT1 to G2 and G3 nanoglobule (lysine dendrimers with a cubic silsesquioxane core) Gd-DOTA monoamide conjugates via click chemistry. The T(1) relaxivities of peptide-targeted G2 and G3 nanoglobules were 7.92 and 8.20 mM(-1) s(-1) at 3T, respectively. Approximately 2 peptides and 25 Gd-DOTA chelates were conjugated onto the surface of 32 amine groups of G2 nanoglobule, and 3 peptides and 43 Gd-DOTA chelates onto the surface of 64 amine groups of G3 nanoglobule. The peptide-targeted nanoglobular contrast agents showed greater c...

Diagnostic value of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy for breast carcinoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 17:58:00 +0100

Abstract As mammography screening has its limitation in diagnosis in breast carcinoma, minimally invasive procedures offer a better option. We conducted a systematic review to establish the overall value of Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) for the diagnosis of breast cancer. After a review and quality assessment of 21 studies, sensitivity, specificity and other measures of accuracy of VAB for evaluating breast lesions were pooled using random-effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall accuracy. Underestimate rate of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were also calculated. The summary estimates for VAB in diagnosis of breast carcinoma were as follows: sensitivity, 0.981 (95% confidenc...

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PIKing the right isoform: the emergent role of the p110β subunit in breast cancer

Virchows Archiv — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 17:55:55 +0100

Abstract Class IA phosphoinositide-3’-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate many cellular processes. Despite a clear implication of PI3K in cancer, the involvement of each of its isoforms namely p110α and p110β in the development of breast cancer remains elusive. Until recently, the spotlight was given to the α subunit; however, the p110β isoform has now emerged as an interesting target as well. In order to determine the importance of both these subunits in breast cancer, we aimed to study the expression of p110α and p110β in a series of invasive breast carcinomas. We constructed tissue microarrays from 315 invasive breast carcinomas and performed immunohistochemistry for p110α and β, correlating the expression patterns with clinicopathological parameters. Furthermore, overal...

Synchronous Ovarian Cancer in a Patient with Pleomorphic Lobular Breast Cancer: A Therapeutic Dilemma

Clinical Oncology — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 15:36:35 +0100

Sir — A 49-year-old premenopausal female patient presented with a breast lump and abdominal distention. Her personal history was unremarkable and a family history revealed ovarian cancer in her aunt and thyroid cancer in her brother. On physical examination, a 4cm mass in her right breast and an axillary fixed lymphadenopathy of 2cm were palpated and ascites was detected. Biopsy from the breast lump showed pleomorphic lobular carcinoma, grade 3, oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were both positive with HER2 overexpression immunohistochemically. Abdominal computed tomography revealed peritoneal carcinomatosis, ascites and a 15mm left ovarian cyst. A chest X-ray and a bone scan were normal. Diagnostic paracentesis was carried out to rule out a second intra-abdominal malignancy a...

Vasohibin-1 as a potential predictor of aggressive behavior of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Cancer Science — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we first evaluated mRNA expression of vasohibin-1 and CD31 in 39 Japanese female breast carcinoma specimens including 22 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 17 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) with LightCycler system. In addition, we also immunolocalized vasohibin-1 and CD31 and compared their immunoreactivity to nuclear grades and histological grades of 100 carcinoma cases (50 IDC and 50 DCIS). There were no statistically significant differences of CD31 mRNA expression and the number of CD31 positive vessels between DCIS and IDC (P = 0.250 and P = 0.191, respectively), whereas there was a statistically significant difference in vasohibin-1 mRNA expression and the number of vasohibin-1 positive vessels in DCIS and IDC (P = 0.022...

Immunohistochemical surrogate markers of breast cancer molecular classes predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Cancer — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is predominantly seen in "ERBB2" and "basal-like" tumors using expression profiling. We hypothesize that a similar response could be predicted using semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).ER, PR, and HER2 were used to classify 359 tumors treated with NACT into 6 groups: luminal A (strong ER+, HER2 negative), luminal B (weak to moderate ER+, HER2 negative), triple negative (negative for ER, PR, and HER2), ERBB2 (negative for ER and PR, but HER2+), luminal A-HER2 hybrid (strong ER+ and HER2+), and luminal B-HER2 hybrid (weak to moderate ER+ and HER2+). Complete pathologic response was defined as absence of invasive carcin...

Vasohibin-1 as a potential predictor of aggressive behavior of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Cancer Science — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

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Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Treatment, and Outcomes

JNCI — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 21:01:32 +0100

Conclusions Scientific questions deserving further investigation include the relationship between mammography use and DCIS incidence and whether imaging technologies and treatment guidelines can be modified to focus on lesions that are most likely to become clinically problematic. (Source: JNCI)

Expression of metalloproteases and their inhibitors by tumor and stromal cells in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast and their relationship with microinvasive events

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 17:48:18 +0100

Conclusions There are significant differences in the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, so in tumor cells and stromal cells, between pure DCIS and DCIS with microinvasive foci. Therefore, these staining patterns might display potential applications as biological markers, such as in evaluating microinvasion in resection specimens of breast tumors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-010-0782-2Authors L. O. González, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de Jove Avda. Eduardo Castro s/n 33920 Gijón Asturias SpainS. González-Reyes, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de Jove Avda. Eduardo Castro s/n 33920 Gijón Asturias SpainS. Junquera, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital de Jove Avda. Eduardo Castro s/n 33920 Gijón Asturias SpainL. Marín, ...

The role of genetic diversity in cancer

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 16:14:14 +0100

The role of genetic heterogeneity within neoplasms is increasingly recognized as important for understanding the dynamics of cancer progression, cancer stem cells, and therapeutic resistance, and there is interest in intratumoral heterogeneity measurements as potential biomarkers for risk stratification. In this issue of the JCI, Park et al. characterize this genetic diversity in carcinoma in situ and in invasive regions from 3 types of human breast cancers and lay the groundwork for translation of these measures to the clinic. (Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation)

Centrosomal Nlp is an oncogenic protein that is gene-amplified in human tumors and causes spontaneous tumorigenesis in transgenic mice

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 16:14:14 +0100

Disruption of mitotic events contributes greatly to genomic instability and results in mutator phenotypes. Indeed, abnormalities of mitotic components are closely associated with malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. Here we show that ninein-like protein (Nlp), a recently identified BRCA1-associated centrosomal protein involved in microtubule nucleation and spindle formation, is an oncogenic protein. Nlp was found to be overexpressed in approximately 80% of human breast and lung carcinomas analyzed. In human lung cancers, this deregulated expression was associated with NLP gene amplification. Further analysis revealed that Nlp exhibited strong oncogenic properties; for example, it conferred to NIH3T3 rodent fibroblasts the capacity for anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor ...

Cellular and genetic diversity in the progression of in situ human breast carcinomas to an invasive phenotype

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 16:14:14 +0100

Intratumor genetic heterogeneity is a key mechanism underlying tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. The prevailing model for explaining intratumor diversity, the clonal evolution model, has recently been challenged by proponents of the cancer stem cell hypothesis. To investigate this issue, we performed combined analyses of markers associated with cellular differentiation states and genotypic alterations in human breast carcinomas and evaluated diversity with ecological and evolutionary methods. Our analyses showed a high degree of genetic heterogeneity both within and between distinct tumor cell populations that were defined based on markers of cellular phenotypes including stem cell–like characteristics. In several tumors, stem cell–like and more-differentiated c...

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Antimicrobial peptaibols, novel suppressors of tumor cells, targeted calcium-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Molecular Cancer — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Taken together, these findings showed for the first time that peptaibols were novel regulators involved in both apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that the class of peptaibols might serve as potential suppressors of tumor cells. (Source: Molecular Cancer)

Annular erythema as a sign of recurrent breast cancer

Australasian Journal of Dermatology — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Three women with known breast cancer presented with very similar annular erythemas of their chest walls. All women were in remission from their breast cancer for at least 6 months. Their breast cancers had initially responded well to multi-modality treatment with no clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrence, until the development of the annular erythema. In the first case, the annular erythema was treated unsuccessfully as a dermatitis and then as tinea corporis. In the second case, subacute cutaneous lupus was considered but lupus antibodies were negative. In the third case, the annular erythema was promptly recognized and biopsied. Histology in all three cases revealed identical findings of invasive ductal carcinoma involving the lymphatics of the skin. Immunohistochemical staining o...

A novel germline PALB2 deletion in Polish breast and ovarian cancer patients

BMC Medical Genetics - Latest articles — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The c.509_510delGA is a novel PALB2 mutation that increases the risk of familial breast cancer. Occurrence of the same PALB2 alteration in seven unrelated women suggests that c.509_510delGA (p.R170fs) is a recurrent mutation for Polish population. (Source: BMC Medical Genetics - Latest articles)

EGFR Signaling and Drug Discovery.

Oncology — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lurje G, Lenz HJ Dysregulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB/HER) pathways by over-expression or constitutive activation can promote tumor processes including angiogenesis and metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in many human malignancies. In addition to cancer, ErbB signaling has also been implicated in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, inhibition of ErbB pathways with targeted agents, such as monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), blocks cell cycle progression, inhibits the production of pro-angiogenic factors and induces apoptosis in numerous in vitro and xenograft models. Accordingly, the ErbB receptor family with their most prominent members EGFR and HER-2 represents validated targets for...