MedWorm: Carcinoma in Situ

How early breast tumors become deadly: A small group of molecules might hold the answer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Ohio State University Medical Center) Researchers have discovered a pattern of molecules that differentiate early-stage breast tumors from invasive, life-threatening cancer. They also found a similar molecular signature that correlated with the aggressiveness of invasive tumors, and with the time to metastasis and overall survival. The findings could offer new strategies for treating breast cancer by blocking progression of early-stage breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ to life-threatening invasive cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Loss of keratin 13 in oral carcinoma in situ: a comparative study of protein and gene expression levels using paraffin sections

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi, Satoshi Maruyama, Takanori Kobayashi, Manabu Yamazaki, Jun Cheng & Takashi Saku (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Ber‐EP4 is a useful marker for follicular germinative cell differentiation of cutaneous epithelial neoplasms

The Journal of Dermatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we performed immunohistochemical staining of 31 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC); 20 cases of trichoblastoma (TB), including ten cases of nodular type, eight cases of cribriform type (trichoepithelioma) and two cases of columnar type (desmoplastic trichoepithelioma); 16 cases of actinic keratosis (AK); and 10 cases each of Bowen’s disease, poroma and seborrheic keratosis. Six cases of BCC and AK were co‐lesions of both neoplasms. In normal skin tissue, Ber‐EP4 reacted positively with the secretory portion of eccrine glands and follicular germinative cells at the lower end of catagen hairs. Neoplastic cells in 97% of cases with BCC reacted positively with Ber‐EP4 in at least 5% of neoplastic cells. Those in 90% with nodular type TB and 50% with trichoepithelioma al...

The incremental value of magnetic resonance imaging for breast surgery planning

Surgery Today — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:46:47 +0100

Conclusions Assessment of the tumor size, multifocality, multicentricity, and presence of ductal carcinoma in situ by MRI may lead to misinterpretations in the majority of patients. The surgical approach should not be changed based solely on MRI findings. An accurately interpreted MMG combined with USG may be sufficient in most cases. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00595-012-0137-5Authors Sibel Ozkan Gurdal, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, 100. yıl mahallesi, Tunca caddesi, No: 32, Tekirdağ, Istanbul, TurkeyBeyza Ozcinar, Departments of Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyMunire Kayahan, Departments of Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TurkeyAbdul...

Effects of fluorescent light‐guided transurethral resection on non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

BJU International — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION• FL‐guided TURBT was not superior to conventional WL in diagnostic accuracy. Although FL‐guided TURBT had an advantage in reducing the residual tumour rate, it had no significant effect on short‐term RFS and PFS. (Source: BJU International)

Identification of novel biomarkers for early detection of human lung squamous cell cancer by quantitative proteomics.

Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zeng GQ, Zhang PF, Deng XM, Yu FL, Li C, Xu Y, Yi H, Li MY, Hu R, Zuo JH, Li XH, Wan XX, Qu JQ, He QY, Li JH, Ye X, Chen Y, Li JY, Xiao ZQ Abstract To discover novel biomarkers for early detection of human lung squamous cell cancer (LSCC) and explore possible mechanisms of LSCC carcinogenesis, iTRAQ-tagging combined with 2D LC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in human bronchial epithelial carcinogenic process using laser capture microdissection-purified normal bronchial epithelium (NBE), squamous metaplasia (SM), atypical hyperplasia (AH), carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive LSCC. As a result, 102 differentially expressed proteins were identified, and three differential proteins (GSTP1, HSPB1 and CKB) showing progressively expressional...

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4-week vaccination regimen knocks out early breast cancer tumors, Penn researchers report

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania report that a short course of vaccination with an anti-HER2 dendritic cell vaccine made partly from the patient's own cells triggers a complete tumor eradication in nearly 20 percent of women with ductal carcinoma in situ, an early breast cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Factors Noted to Affect Breast Cancer Treatment Decisions of Women Aged 80 and Older

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe quality of physician documentation about decision‐making in these women was high. A great amount of thoughtful and complex decision‐making involving patients, family, and physicians occurs after a woman aged 80 and older is diagnosed with breast cancer. (Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society)

LCIS lesions found on biopsy should be removed

AuntMinnie.com Headlines — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a relatively rare form of breast cancer, (more) (Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines)

Overexpression of a novel cell cycle regulator ecdysoneless in breast cancer: a marker of poor prognosis in HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer patients

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:35:08 +0100

Abstract Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of breast cancer. We have previously identified the human Ecd protein (human ortholog of Drosophila Ecdysoneless, hereafter called Ecd) as a novel promoter of mammalian cell cycle progression, a function related to its ability to remove the repressive effects of Rb-family tumor suppressors on E2F transcription factors. Given the frequent dysregulation of cell cycle regulatory components in human cancer, we used immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissues to examine Ecd expression in normal breast tissue versus tissues representing increasing breast cancer progression. Initial studies of a smaller cohort without outcomes information showed that Ecd expression was barely detectable in normal breast tissue and i...

Pathologic Complete Response of HER-2 Neu-Positive Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy plus Trastuzumab: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Nanomaterials — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 15:27:25 +0100

We report a case of pCR of DCIS associated with invasive carcinoma in an HER-2 + tumor after NC plus trastuzumab despite persistence of malignant-appearing microcalcifications mammographically. A 41-year-old Caucasian female presented with a 4×4 cm mass in the right breast and a 2.5 cm right axillary node. Mammogram showed a 2.5 cm mass and a 12 cm area of linear pleomorphic, suspicious calcifications in the upper part of the breast. Core biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma and DCIS associated with calcifications (ER 85%, PR 6%, Her2neu 3+ by IHC). Axillary node FNA was positive for malignancy. The patient received doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) → paclitaxel plus T with complete clinical and radiologic response but no significant cha...

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Imaging Features and Management of High-Risk Lesions on Contrast-Enhanced Dynamic Breast MRI

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. To our knowledge, no studies to date show definitive and specific characteristics for high-risk lesions. Underestimation of malignancy on MRI-guided biopsy currently warrants surgical management for all high-risk lesions. There is a need for prospective larger power studies. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Management of Patients Diagnosed With Lobular Carcinoma in Situ at Needle Core Biopsy at a Community-Based Outpatient Facility

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. The diagnosis of LCIS at needle core biopsy, in this small study, revealed that 84% of lesions either were malignant or were atypical or high risk at surgery, of which 33% were found to be carcinoma. Our findings suggest that LCIS should be excised when noted at core biopsy. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Surgical Outcome of Biopsy-Proven Lobular Neoplasia: Is There Any Difference Between Lobular Carcinoma In Situ and Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia?

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. No statistically significant difference was found between mammographic presentation and postsurgical outcome of LCIS versus ALH lesions. Surgical excision of these lesions is recommended as long as no evident criteria are provided to differentiate those that might be associated with an underlying malignancy. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Outcome Analysis of 9-Gauge MRI-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Core Needle Breast Biopsies

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Patients with ipsilateral cancer who have additional suspicious lesions identified on MRI require careful evaluation and biopsy to exclude additional sites of cancer that may impact surgical management. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and microinvasion.

Surgical Practice — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our data suggests that the risk of nodal metastasis in DCISMI may be low and questions the role of SLNB in DCISMI. We highlight the lack of data on DCISMI and risk of nodal metastasis and the need for further investigation.© 2012 The Authors. Surgical Practice © 2012 College of Surgeons of Hong Kong (Source: Surgical Practice)

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Genomic and mutational profiling of ductal carcinomas in situ and matched adjacent invasive breast cancers reveals intra‐tumour genetic heterogeneity and clonal selection

The Journal of Pathology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:01:20 +0100

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast are yet to be fully elucidated. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the progression from DCIS to IDC, including the selection of a subpopulation of cancer cells with specific genetic aberrations, the acquisition of new genetic aberrations or non‐genetic mechanisms mediated by the tumour microenvironment. To determine whether synchronously diagnosed ipsilateral DCIS and IDCs have modal populations with distinct repertoires of gene copy number aberrations and mutations in common oncogenes, matched frozen samples of DCIS and IDCs were retrieved from 13 patients and subjected to microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH), and...

Outcome after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence in patients who receive accelerated partial breast irradiation

Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:With 5 years of follow‐up, APBI produced clinical outcomes and patterns of failure comparable to those achieved with whole breast irradiation. Patients who developed an IBTR after APBI had excellent 3‐year survival outcomes after salvage treatments. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

HER‐2 pulsed dendritic cell vaccine can eliminate HER‐2 expression and impact ductal carcinoma in situ

Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:Results suggest that vaccination against HER‐2/neu is safe and well tolerated and induces decline and/or eradication of HER‐2/neu expression. These findings warrant further exploration of HER‐2/neu vaccination in estrogen‐independent breast cancer and highlight the need to target additional tumor‐associated antigens and pathways. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

The Impact of Ethnicity on the, Incidence, Tumor Characteristics and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ? An 11 Year Clinical Experience at a High Volume Teaching Hospital

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:11 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Utilization of Lymph Node Assessment in Patients with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Undergoing Partial Mastectomy

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:11 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

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The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Wound Complication Risk After Breast Cancer Resection and Reconstruction - A Multi-Institutional Assessment

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:04 +0100

Conclusions: in this multi-institutional analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with post-operative wound complication, regardless of the type of breast surgery performed. Patients and providers can be assured that receipt of neoadjuvant therapy does not increase the risk of post-operative wound complication. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

DEK overexpression is correlated with the clinical features of breast cancer

Pathology International — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, DEK overexpression appears to be associated with breast cancer progression and DEK may potentially be used as a breast cancer biomarker for the early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and therapeutic target for breast cancer. (Source: Pathology International)

Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Use Among Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Journal of Women — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 16:28:33 +0100

Journal of Women's Health Jan 2012, Vol. 21, No. 1: 35-42. (Source: Journal of Women)

Mucocele-like tumor associated with ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed as mucinous carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology: report of a case

Surgery Today — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:43:01 +0100

We report a case of MLT associated with ductal carcinoma in situ, which was initially diagnosed as fibroadenoma by mammography and ultrasonography, and as mucinous carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology. We discuss the characteristic findings of imaging and the appropriate clinical treatment of this tumor. The characteristic image first signals the possibility of this tumor, following which the diagnosis can be confirmed by pathological examination of a fully excised tumor specimen. Breast-conserving surgery is recommended because of the low risk of high-grade malignancy, even when malignancy is confirmed, and lymph node dissection may be avoided. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00595-011-0063-yAuthors Shoichi Kikuchi, Department of S...

Cytokeratin 10‐negative nested pattern enables sure distinction of clonal seborrheic keratosis from pagetoid Bowen's disease

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The most reliable marker to distinguish clonal SK from pagetoid SCCIS is cytokeratin 10 when it spares nests. Other criteria that assist in the differential diagnosis are bcl‐2 expression, absence of crowding and of mitoses.Böer‐Auer A, Jones M, Lyasnichaya OV. Cytokeratin 10‐negative nested pattern enables sure distinction of clonal seborrheic keratosis from pagetoid Bowen's disease. (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

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Nek2A contributes to tumorigenic growth and possibly functions as potential therapeutic target for human breast cancer

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThese data suggested that Nek2A might bear a close relationship with development and progression of breast carcinoma, and highlighted its role as a novel potential biomarker for diagnosis and a possible therapeutic target for human breast cancer especially for DCIS. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry)

Is severe dysplasia the same lesion as carcinoma in situ? 10-Year follow-up of laryngeal precancerous lesions.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. Our results showed that the behavior of moderate dysplasia lesions was more like that of severe dysplasia lesions, while severe dysplasia was very different from carcinoma in situ (CIS). CIS should be managed more aggressively than the other lesions. Mild dysplasia could not be viewed as a precancerous lesion of the larynx. Objective: This study aimed to identify the possibilities of the precancerous lesions of larynx (including mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia, and CIS) progressing to invasive carcinomas and to highlight the importance of adequate management and follow-up strategies for these patients. Methods: A retrospective study of patients who had these preinvasive lesions in the larynx over a 10-year period was performed. Results: These patients were ...

Trends in incidence and detection of advanced breast cancer at biennial screening mammography in The Netherlands: a population based study

Breast Cancer Research — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We observed no decline in the risk of advanced breast cancer during 12 years of biennial screening mammography. The majority of these cancers could not have been prevented through earlier detection at screening. (Source: Breast Cancer Research)

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy for breast lesions.

Singapore Medical Journal — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: US-guided CNB is an accurate diagnostic alternative to surgical biopsy in patients with breast lesions detected via US, although the high underestimation rates in DCIS and high-risk lesions are still a concern. PMID: 22252182 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Singapore Medical Journal)

Follow-up and Treatment of Renal Transplantation with Nephropathic Cystinosis in Central Taiwan

Transplantation Proceedings — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The extrarenal complications with nephropathic cystinosis are high. These 2 siblings had only have ocular involvement without further cysteamine therapy. However, long-term follow-up is required to monitor development of complications and determine their prognoses. (Source: Transplantation Proceedings)

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DNA damage induced by mammography in high family risk patients: Only one single view in screening.

Breast — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Colin C, Foray N Abstract Women with high risk of breast or ovarian cancers might be more susceptible to radiation-induced cancer because most of tumor suppressor genes are also implicated in the radio-induced DNA damage repair and signaling. Recent radiobiological advances may help to re-consider the potential cellular and molecular consequences of the standard two-view mammographic screening. A major radiobiological effect exacerbated in high family risk women caused by mammographic repeated doses was pointed out on relevant cellular model (untransformed and non tumoral human breast epithelial cells): the Low and Repeated Dose (LORD) effect. In parallel, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported to be less sensitive than mammography for detection of ductal carci...

Preoperative Breast MRI in the Surgical Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

The Breast Journal — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study examined the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of DCIS size, and evaluated the effect of preoperative breast MRI on achievement of tumor‐free surgical margins after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). One‐hundred and fifty‐eight female patients with DCIS were identified from a prospective database: 60 patients (62 cases) had preoperative breast MRI, and 98 patients did not have MRI. The accuracy of tumor size assessed by MRI was determined by comparison with histopathologic size. All patients underwent BCS initially. The rate of involved margins after resection was compared in MRI and no‐MRI groups. The overall correlation between MRI size and histopathologic size was high (p < 0.0001). MRI assessment of size was significantly more accurat...

The role of breast MR imaging in pre-operative determination of invasive disease for ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed by needle biopsy

European Radiology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 06:42:30 +0100

Conclusions Breast MR imaging is potentially useful to predict the presence of occult invasion in biopsy-proven DCIS with NMLE. Key Points • MR mammography permits more precise lesion assessment including ductal carcinoma in situ • A correct diagnosis of occult invasion before treatment is important for clinicians • This study showed the potential of MR mammography to diagnose occult invasion • Treatment and/or aggressive biopsy can be given with greater confidence • MR mammography can lead to more appropriate management of patients Content Type Journal ArticleCategory BreastPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00330-011-...

Immunohistochemical analysis of oral dysplasia: diagnostic assessment by fascin and podoplanin expression.

Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shimamura Y, Abe T, Nakahira M, Yoda T, Murata S, Sugasawa M Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate fascin and podoplanin expression in oral dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) immunohistochemically, and to evaluate their relationship to histopathological diagnosis based on architectural and cytological features. Fascin and podoplanin expression patterns were analyzed immunohistologically in 26 specimens of oral lesions, including benign disease (hyperplasia, papilloma, and others), intraepithelial neoplasia/borderline disease (dysplasia), and malignant disease (CIS, invasive squamous cell carcinoma). Fascin expression was scored into four original categories, and podoplanin expression was scored into five previously established categories. The relationship be...

Atypical Hyperplasia on Core Biopsy: Is Further Surgery Needed?

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Upgrade rate to cancer after surgical excision was 11.3% of AH patients diagnosed on CNB. However, none of the variables are significant in determining the presence of malignancy associated with AH diagnosed by CNB. PMID: 22205116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences)

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Comparative Effectiveness of Positron Emission Mammography and MRI in the Contralateral Breast of Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Contralateral cancer was found in 15 of 367 women (4.1%), with MRI showing 14 (93%). Eleven contralateral cancers (73%) were visible on PEM, but only three (20%) were recognized prospectively as suspicious. Lesions that are visible on PEM should be viewed as suspicious unless known to be benign by prior breast imaging or biopsy. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Psoriasin (S100A7) increases the expression of ROS and VEGF and acts through RAGE to promote endothelial cell proliferation

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:04:56 +0100

Abstract Psoriasin (S100A7), originally identified in psoriasis, is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the multigenic S100 family. In high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, psoriasin was identified as one of the most abundant transcripts. We have previously shown that psoriasin was induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the downregulation of psoriasin by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) led to the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether psoriasin could have direct effects on endothelial cells. In this study we demonstrated that psoriasin increased VEGF expression in mammary epithelial cells. The treatment of endothelial cells with recombinant psoriasi...

Squamous Carcinoma and Dysplasia of the Conjunctiva and Cornea: An Analysis of 101 Cases

Ophthalmology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Advanced AJCC T-stage, locally invasive tumors, and more pathologically aggressive tumors were at higher risk for recurrence. Inadequate initial therapy also was an important risk factor for recurrence. Treatment strategies should be affected by tumor staging at presentation. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. (Source: Ophthalmology)

A genome-wide RNAi screen in mouse embryonic stem cells identifies Mp1 as a key mediator of differentiation

The Journal of Experimental Medicine — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Despite intense investigation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate pluripotency, the process of initial fate commitment of embryonic stem (ES) cells is still poorly understood. We used a genome-wide short hairpin RNA screen in mouse ES cells to identify genes that are essential for initiation of differentiation. Knockdown of the scaffolding protein Mek binding protein 1 (Mp1, also known as Lamtor3 or Map2k1ip1) stimulated self-renewal of ES cells, blocked differentiation, and promoted proliferation. Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling is required for initial fate commitment of ES cells. Knockdown of Mp1 inhibited FGF4-induced differentiation but did not alter FGF4-driven proliferation. This uncoupling of differentiation and proliferation was also observed when oncogenic...

Impact of tumour location versus multifocality in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision: a homogeneous series without perioperative chemotherapy

BJU International — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 01:03:09 +0100

CONCLUSION• Ureteral tumour location, particularly in association with multifocal disease in the renal pelvis, is an independent prognostic factor for higher disease recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality. (Source: BJU International)

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New smear test improves cervical cancer screening

NHS News Feed — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 17:30:00 +0100

Conclusion This was a large study that compared two methods of screening for cervical cancer. It compared the standard method of examining cells after smear tests to a programme combining smear tests and a DNA test to detect HPV. The screening techniques used were similar to those of the NHS cervical screening programme and the participants comparable with those who would normally undergo NHS cervical screening. As such, it is likely that these results can be generalised to a UK population. The current cervical smear screening programme is able to detect these early pre-cancerous changes (with abnormal screening results later confirmed by biopsy), but this research analysis indicates that adding HPV DNA testing to the current screening programme could be effective in increasing the number ...

Anti-Angiogenic Effects of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

The Journal of Urology — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B showed similar anti-angiogenic effects. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus enterotoxin treatment had additional activity compared to that of monotherapy. It was more effective in restoring apoptosis and balancing cellular proliferation, and it correlated with increased endostatin, and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Ki-67 and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 reactivity. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Stepwise overexpression of p63, p53, and cytokeratin 14 during progression of esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia: useful immunohistochemical markers for differential diagnosis

Esophagus — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 17:05:39 +0100

Conclusions This study suggests that p63 and p53 are coordinately upregulated in esophageal squamous carcinogenesis, and assessment of their expression might provide a useful adjunct tool for differential diagnosis of ESIN. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10388-011-0302-8Authors Hidenae Nakayama, Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanHiroyuki Mitomi, Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Motomachi building 3F, Hongo 1-1-19, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 JapanAbdukadir Imamhasan, Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Motomachi building 3F, Hongo 1-1-19, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 JapanShiro Uchida, Department of Human ...

Krüppel‐like factor 4 function as a tumor suppressor in cervical carcinoma

Cancer — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Dynamic Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Pretreatment Prediction of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Clinical Genitourinary Cancer — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Washout(C) may be used as a predictor for pCR in patients with breast cancer who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PMID: 22169574 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer)

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Testicular biopsy: clinical practice and interpretation.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dohle GR, Elzanaty S, van Casteren NJ Abstract Testicular biopsy was considered the cornerstone of male infertility diagnosis for many years in men with unexplained infertility and azoospermia. Recent guidelines for male infertility have limited the indications for a diagnostic testicular biopsy to the confirmation of obstructive azoospermia in men with normal size testes and normal reproductive hormones. Nowadays, testicular biopsies are mainly performed for sperm harvesting in men with non-obstructive azoospermia, to be used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Testicular biopsy is also performed in men with risk factors for testicular malignancy. In a subgroup of infertile men, there is an increased risk for carcinoma in situ of the testis, especially in men with a his...

Genomic Oncotype breast cancer test to predict risk of recurrence

Hospital Management — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Genomic Health's Oncotype DX has met its primary endpoint in a clinical validation study investigating patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a type of breast cancer. (Source: Hospital Management)

Predicting Risk For Recurrence For Patients With DCIS Breast Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 08:00:00 +0100

In a significant advance for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, researchers have developed and prospectively validated a multigene test to identify the risk for recurrence of breast cancer. The method combines measuring tumor gene expression with a gene expression algorithm to decipher the genetic underpinnings of a patient's cancer and determine whether the individual patient should be treated with surgery (usually lumpectomy) or a combination of surgery and radiation... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Test: Now for DCIS TooOncotype DX Breast Cancer Test: Now for DCIS Too

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 22:23:25 +0100

Based on new findings, the test will likely be available soon for use in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Pigmented Lesion in the inguinal region.

Dermatol Online J — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 17:30:03 +0100

We report the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with a 6-month history of a gradually enlarging solitary dark brown plaque in her right inguinal region. Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis, acanthosis, disorganization of epidermal architecture, atypical keratinocytes, and increased melanin pigment of the papillary dermis. Considering the clinical and the histological evidence, a diagnosis of PBD was established. Complete resection confirmed the diagnosis. Pigmented Bowen disease is an unusual form of squamous carcinoma in situ. Other tumors in the differential diagnosis include pigmented basal cell carcinoma and superficial spreading melanoma. PMID: 22136868 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Dermatol Online J)

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SABCS: Gene Test Predicts DCIS Recurrence Risk (CME/CE)

MedPage Today OB/GYN — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 14:43:09 +0100

SAN ANTONIO (MedPage Today) -- A multigene assay for predicting recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ showed potential for identifying low-risk patients who can avoid radiation therapy, according to a study reported here. (Source: MedPage Today OB/GYN)

New test predicts risk for recurrence for patients with DCIS

EurekAlert! - Cancer — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(American Association for Cancer Research) In a significant advance for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, researchers have developed and prospectively validated a multigene test to identify the risk for recurrence of breast cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)

SABCS: New Multigene Test Predicts Recurrence Risk for DCIS

About.com Breast Cancer — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

News from the 34th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS): Dr. Lawrence Solin presented the results of a study for a new multigene assay which has been shown to predict the risk of recurrence for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ - DCIS - a precancerous breast condition. Standard treatment for DCIS is a lumpectomy and radiation, followed by five years of hormone therapy, if the cells were estrogen-sensitive. This new test helps a doctor determine which patients need radiation to prevent a recurrence, and which may safely avoid that treatment....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Breast Cancer)

Progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer is associated with gene expression programs of EMT and myoepithelia

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 19:29:06 +0100

Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor lesion that can gives rise to invasive breast cancer (IBC). It has been proposed that both the nature of the lesion and the tumor microenvironment play key roles in progression to IBC. Here, laser capture microdissected tissue from pure DCIS and pure IBC were employed to define key gene expression profiles in either the epithelial or stromal compartment associated with disease progression. Each tissue had distinct gene expression profiles, and a DCIS/IBC classifier accurately distinguished DCIS versus IBC in multiple independent data sets. However, contrary to other studies that profiled DCIS associated with invasive disease, we found that the most significant alterations in gene expression were observed in the epithe...

Nipple discharge in a screening programme: Imaging findings with pathological correlation

Australasian Radiology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryBreastScreen Australia provides free mammographic screening for asymptomatic women over the age of 40, targeting women aged 50–69. Occasionally women will present to screening programmes with a history of nipple discharge, which is uncommonly associated with significant underlying breast disease. Seventy‐six women with a history of nipple discharge were recalled to BreastScreen Western Australia assessment centres from 2004 to 2008, of whom 72 were recalled primarily for their symptoms. Thirty‐six of these patients had pathology investigations, including 18 nipple discharge smears, 17 fine needle aspirations, 11 core biopsies and eight surgical biopsies or therapeutic resections. The biopsies found 11 intraduct papillomas and one invasive ductal carcinoma with ductal carcinoma...

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Cyclooxygenase-2 and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER-2) expression simultaneously in invasive and in situ breast ductal carcinoma.

Sao Paulo Medical Journal — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that HER-2 and COX-2 regulate each other. PMID: 22249792 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Sao Paulo Medical Journal)

Surgical Excision of Benign Papillomas Diagnosed with Core Biopsy: A Community Hospital Approach

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 23:54:38 +0100

Our goal was to assess the value of surgical excision of benign papillomas of the breast diagnosed on percutaneous core biopsy by determining the frequency of upgrade to malignancies and high risk lesions on a final surgical pathology. We reviewed 67 patients who had biopsies yielding benign papilloma and underwent subsequent surgical excision. Surgical pathology of the excised lesions was compared with initial core biopsy pathology results. 54 patients had concordant benign core and excisional pathology. Cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma) was diagnosed in five (7%) patients. Surgery revealed high-risk lesions in 8 (12%) patients, including atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and lobular carcinoma in situ. Cancer and high risk les...

Expression and mutational status of RON in neoplastic lesions of the breast: analysis of MSP/RON signaling in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma

APMIS — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Ren XL, Daa T, Yada N, Kashima K, Fujitomi Y, Yokoyama S. Expression and mutational status of RON in neoplastic lesions of the breast: analysis of MSP/RON signaling in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. APMIS 2011.Recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase closely related to MET and involved in tumorigenesis. We investigated the roles of aberrations in RON and its ligand, macrophage‐stimulating protein (MSP), in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, n = 81), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, n = 26), and in benign lesions (n = 20) of mammary gland. Expression of RON and MSP was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the mutational status of a region containing the proteolytic cleavage site in exon 1 and each exon of the kinase domain (exon 1...

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase 2 reaches its lowest expression levels in human breast cancer during regional nodal metastasis

Clinical and Experimental Metastasis — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:52:36 +0100

Abstract Almost half of breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ are likely to remain non threatening in situ lesions with no invasion to the surrounding stroma and no metastases. The majority of focal disruptions in myoepithelial (ME) cell layers indicative of invasion onset were found to be overlying epithelial cell clusters with no or substantially reduced estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression. Here we report the down-regulation of tyrosine kinase-2 (TYK2) and up-regulation of strumpellin expression, among other proteins in ERα(−) cells located at disrupted ME layers compared to adjacent ERα(+) cells overlying an intact myoepithelial layer. ERα(+) and ERα(−) cells were microdissected from the same in vivo human breast cancer tissues, proteins were extracted and separate...

An annular pancreas associated with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater: report of a case

Surgery Today — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:49:41 +0100

Abstract An annular pancreas is an uncommon congenital anomaly that usually presents early in childhood. Malignancy in the setting of an annular pancreas is unusual. We herein report a case of annular pancreas with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. A 59-year-old man presented with epigastric discomfort and was referred to us after gastroduodenal endoscopy showed a tumor of the papilla of Vater. Preoperative imaging showed the pancreatic parenchyma encircling the descending duodenum and a tumor at the papilla of Vater. A pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed for the annular pancreas and the ampullary tumor. Histological examination confirmed a complete annular pancreas and carcinoma in situ of the papilla of Vater. We also provide a review of the reported cases of an annul...

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Six-Year Analysis of Treatment-Related Toxicities in Patients Treated with Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation on the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite Breast Brachytherapy Registry Trial

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 16:40:52 +0100

Conclusions Treatment-related toxicities 6 years after treatment with APBI using the MammoSite device are similar to those reported with other forms of APBI with similar follow-up. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2133-1Authors A. J. Khan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USADouglas Arthur, Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USAF. Vicini, Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USAP. Beitsch, Department of Surgery, Dallas Breast Center, Dallas, TX, USAH. Kuerer, Department of Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAS. Goyal, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer...

BI-RADS-MRI terminology and evaluation of intraductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ.

Breast Cancer — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tozaki M Abstract There has been dramatic progress in MRI technology during the past 20 years, and the rate of detection and diagnostic accuracy in regard to intraductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have been increasing. First, we present MRI images of intraductal carcinomas and the terminology in the second edition of the BI-RADS-MRI to describe them. Next, we examined the data in our institution in regard to the following: (1) the DCIS detection rate, (2) the proportions of breast cancer and DCIS in MR-guided vacuum-assisted biopsies (VAB), (3) evaluation of the extent of intraductal carcinoma, and (4) diagnosis of extension of intraductal carcinoma into the nipple. MR images were acquired by performing a 1-min interval dynamic study with a 1.5-T MR sca...

Myiasis with carcinoma in situ of the glans penis: an unusual combination.

Urology Journal — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 20:24:02 +0100

Authors: Singh V, Sinha RJ PMID: 22090059 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Urology Journal)

Different HER2 Protein Expression Profiles Aid in the Histologic Differential Diagnosis Between Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ (CIS) and Non-CIS Conditions (Dysplasia and Reactive Atypia) of the Urinary Bladder Mucosa.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 13:31:54 +0100

Authors: Gunia S, Koch S, Hakenberg OW, May M, Kakies C, Erbersdobler A Abstract We evaluated HER2 expression profiles in 32 carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 31 non-CIS conditions (5 dysplasia and 26 reactive atypia) of the urinary bladder mucosa by applying breast cancer scoring rules. In situ hybridization was performed on tissue microarrays to assess HER2 gene amplification status. Our immunoprofiling data disclosed moderate to strong HER2 expression in CIS, including the basal layer of the urothelium, and absent to weak HER2 expression in non-CIS conditions. From the histologic differential diagnostic standpoint, immunostaining for HER2 protein represents a useful adjunct to aid in the delineation between CIS and non-CIS conditions of the bladder mucosa. Pathogenically, aberrant HER...

Cryoimmunotherapy: Superficial Basal Cell Cancer and Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ Treated With Liquid Nitrogen Followed by Imiquimod [Research Letters]

Archives of Dermatology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Archives of Dermatology)

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Structural Estimates of Treatment Effects on Outcomes Using Retrospective Data: An Application to Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Medical Care Research and Review — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Analysis of observational cohort data is subject to bias from unobservable risk selection. The authors compared econometric models and treatment effectiveness estimates using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare claims data for women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ. Treatment effectiveness estimates for mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with or without radiotherapy were compared using three different models: simultaneous-equations model, discrete-time survival model with unobserved heterogeneity (frailty), and proportional hazards model. Overall trends in disease-free survival (DFS), or time to first subsequent breast event, by treatment are similar regardless of the model, with mastectomy yielding the highest DFS over 8 years of...

Imaging tumor vascularization for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.

Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 16:18:12 +0100

Authors: Heijblom M, Klaase JM, van den Engh FM, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S Abstract Breast cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in western women. Current screening and diagnostic imaging modalities, like x-ray mammography and ultrasonography, focus on morphological changes of breast tissue. However, these techniques still miss some cancers and often falsely detect cancer. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting the disease can probably be improved by focusing on the consequences of tumor angiogenesis: the increased microvessel density with altered vascular characteristics. In this review, various techniques for imaging breast tumor vasculature are discussed. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is the most-used imaging mo...

IL-4 and TNF-α Polymorphisms Are Associated with Risk of Multiple Superficial Tumors or Carcinoma in situ Development

Urologia Internationalis : Last 20 articles — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 15:55:17 +0100

Urol Int (DOI:10.1159/000331882) (Source: Urologia Internationalis : Last 20 articles)

Effect of Observing Change from Comparison Mammograms on Performance of Screening Mammography in a Large Community-based Population [Breast Imaging]

Radiology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Performance is affected when change from comparison mammograms is noted. Without change, sensitivity is low and specificity is high. With change, sensitivity is high, with a high false-positive rate (low specificity). Further work is needed to appreciate changes that might indicate cancer and to identify changes that are likely not indicative of cancer. © RSNA, 2011 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11110653/-/DC1 (Source: Radiology)

Comparison of the clinical performance of three digital mammography systems in a breast cancer screening programme.

The British Journal of Radiology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study compares the clinical performance of three digital mammography system types in a breast cancer screening programme. 28 digital mammography systems from three different vendors were included in the study. The retrospective analysis included 238 182 screening examinations of women aged between 50 and 64 years over a three-year period. All images were double read and assigned a result according to a 5-point rating scale to indicate the probability of cancer. Women with a positive result were recalled for further assessment imaging and biopsy if necessary. Clinical performance in terms of cancer detection rate was analysed and the results presented. No statistically significant difference was found between the three different mammography systems in a population-based screening progr...

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The FGFR3 Mutation is Related to Favorable pT1 Bladder Cancer

The Journal of Urology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: FGFR3 mutations selectively identify patients with pT1 bladder cancer who have favorable disease characteristics. Further study may confirm that FGFR3 identifies those who would benefit from a conservative approach to the disease. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

The ophthalmic side-effects of imiquimod therapy in the management of periocular skin lesions

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Conjunctivitis and ocular stinging were the commonest ophthalmic side-effects encountered with the application of imiquimod for periocular skin lesions. These effects were temporary and resolved on terminating the imiquimod therapy. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)

Reduced expression of activin receptor-like kinase 7 in breast cancer is associated with tumor progression

Medical Oncology — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:50:00 +0100

Abstract To explore the clinical implication of activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) expression in breast cancer, we evaluated its protein level in six kinds of human breast tissue samples, including adjacent normal tissues, adenosis, breast fibroadenoma, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and lymph node metastases (LNM). Immunohistochemical analyses showed that ALK7 was more frequently and much more intensely expressed in adjacent normal tissues, adenosis, and fibroadenoma tissues than in malignant tissues (DCIS, IDC, and LNM). Furthermore, the ALK7 expression in primary tumors and the corresponding LNM was evaluated in parallel samples from 60 patients with IDC. Results showed that the ALK7 expression status in primary tumors and LNM was c...

Paget Disease of the Breast: Mammographic, US, and MR Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation [Breast Imaging]

Radiographics recent issues — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Paget disease is a rare malignancy of the breast characterized by infiltration of the nipple epidermis by adenocarcinoma cells. The clinical features of Paget disease are characteristic and should increase the likelihood of the diagnosis being made. An important point is that more than 90% of cases of Paget disease are associated with an additional underlying breast malignancy. Paget disease is frequently associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the underlying lactiferous ducts of the nipple-areolar complex; it may even be associated with DCIS or invasive breast cancer elsewhere in the breast, at least 2 cm from the nipple-areolar complex. Nevertheless, mammographic findings may be negative in up to 50% of cases. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be useful in patients with Page...

Cadherin–catenin complex dissociation in lobular neoplasia of the breast

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Sat, 12 Nov 2011 16:53:12 +0100

Abstract E-cadherin (E-CD) inactivation with loss of E-CD-mediated cell adhesion is the hallmark of lesions of the lobular phenotype. E-CD is typically absent by immunohistochemistry in both lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and invasive lobular lesions, suggesting it occurs early in the neoplastic process. In laboratory models, downstream post-transcriptional modifiers such as TWIST and SNAIL contribute to the dissociation of the intracellular component of the cadherin–catenin complex (CCC), resulting in tumor progression and invasion. We hypothesized that complete CCC dissociation may play a role in lobular neoplasia progression. Here we explore the relationship between loss of E-CD and dissociation of the CCC in pure LCIS and LCIS associated with invasive cancer. Fresh...

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Pubertal androgenization and gonadal histology in two 46,xy adolescents with sf-1 mutations and predominantly female phenotype at birth.

European Journal of Endocrinology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In SF-1 mutations, the neonatal phenotype poorly predicts virilization at puberty. Even in poorly virilized cases at birth, male gender assignment may allow spontaneous puberty without signs of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and possibly fertility. Patients with SF-1 mutations are at increased risk for malignant germ cell tumors. In case of preserved gonads, early orchidopexy and germ cell tumor screening is warranted. The finding of premalignant and/or malignant changes should prompt gonadectomy -or possibly irradiation. PMID: 22080441 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Endocrinology)

Expression and role of fibroblast activation protein-alpha in microinvasive breast carcinoma

Diagnostic Pathology — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that immunostaining with FAP-alpha and Calponin can serve as a novel marker for pathologically diagnosing whether DCIS has microinvasion. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Cancerization of lobules: correlation between mammography and histological findings

Radiologia Brasileira — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 05:54:29 +0100

CONCLUSION: In our cohort, the mammographic evaluation of patients with DCIS presenting cancerization of lobules demonstrated clusters of microcalcifications in a lobular distribution. Although clusters of round calcifications are typically associated with a benign process, cancerization of lobules by DCIS may produce a similar pattern, thus mimicking a benign condition. (Source: Radiologia Brasileira)

Loss of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) expression in human ductal carcinoma correlates with disease stage and contributes to metastasis

Breast Cancer Research — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: IRF5 is an important tumor suppressor that regulates multiple cellular processes (i.e. growth, response to DNA damage, and invasion/metastasis) involved in the conversion of normal mammary epithelial cells to tumor epithelial cells with metastatic potential. (Source: Breast Cancer Research)

Gender-specific differences in cancer-specific survival after radical cystectomy for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in pathologic tumor stage T4a.

Urologic Oncology — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis in UCB staged pT4a is heterogeneous. Female gender and LVI are adverse factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy seems to improve outcome. The present analysis establishes the first risk model for this demanding tumor stage. PMID: 22056404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Urologic Oncology)

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Pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with a better prognosis

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we identified 11 patients with pCR (2.5%) from 442 patients with PDA who received neoadjuvant treatment and pancreatectomy from 1995 to 2010. There were 6 men and 5 women, with a median age of 61 years. Four patients had either synchronous or history of extrapancreatic cancer. Five patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation, and 6 received chemoradiation alone. Ten patients had pancreaticoduodenectomy, and 1 had distal pancreatectomy. Scar and chronic pancreatitis consistent with therapy effect were present in all cases (100%). Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) 3/carcinoma in situ was present in 5 cases, and PanIN1 and PanIN2 in 5 cases. However, no residual invasive carcinoma or lymph node metastasis was identified in all cases. Follow-...

Identification of copy number alterations associated with the progression of DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 16:55:58 +0100

Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Annotation of the genetic differences between the two lesions may assist in the identification of genes that promote the invasive phenotype. Synchronous DCIS and IDC cells were microdissected from FFPE tissue and analysed by molecular inversion probe (MIP) copy number arrays. Matched IDC and DCIS showed highly similar copy number profiles (average of 83% of the genome shared) indicating a common clonal origin although there is evidence that the DCIS continues to evolve in parallel with the co-existing IDC. Four chromosomal regions of loss (3q, 6q, 8p and 11q) and four regions of gain (5q, 16p, 19q and 20) were recurrently affected in IDC but not in DCIS. CCND1 and MYC s...

Squamous-cell carcinoma in situ in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism.

Dermatol Online J — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 03:40:04 +0100

Authors: Berger E, Hunt R, Tzu J, Patel R, Sanchez M Abstract A 36-year-old African man from Guinea with a history of albinism presented with a many-year history of scaling and erythema of the face, neck, and arms. The patient had light eyes, hair, and skin. Physical examination showed extensive photodamage. A skin biopsy specimen from the posterior aspect of the lower leg showed a squamous-cell carcinoma in situ. The most common types of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), OCA 1 and OCA 2, are autosomal recessive disorders of pigmentation that commonly affect the skin, hair, eyes, and ears. Photodamage and skin cancers plague patients with albinism. In Africa, where albinism is prevalent, albinos face a myriad of social and medical issues. Skin cancer surveillance is an important consi...

[Extensive squamous papillomatosis of the oesophagus with malignant transformation of squamous epithelium].

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 72-year-old woman who was referred for progressive dysphagia for solid food and clinical signs for a reflux disease. Upper endoscopy demonstrated bizarre villous alterations of the mucosa covering the oesophagus subtotally and a suspicious area within these alterations. Histological work-up of the biopsy samples revealed marked papillary hypertrophy and a squamous epithelial carcinoma in situ corresponding to the suspicious lesion. The patient underwent oesophagectomy with cervical gastroesophageal anastomosis and proximal remnants of papillomatous mucosa above the anastomosis were destroyed with endoscopic argon plasma coagulation. In the 2-year follow-up the patient showed limited recurrence of the papillomatosis in the remaining proximal oesophagus containing a c...

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

The Breast Journal — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the existing scientific evidence, the controversies surrounding local management, and clinical guidelines for DCIS based on the group consensus by the ACR Breast Expert Panel. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence‐based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer‐reviewed journals and the application of a well established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances where evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatm...

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Short telomeres in an oral precancerous lesion: Q‐FISH analysis of leukoplakia

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Ortho‐keratotic dysplasia appears to be frequently associated with carcinoma, chromosomal instability, and excessively shortened telomeres, not only in the lesion itself but also in the surrounding background. Therefore, when this type of leukoplakia is recognized in the oral region, strict follow‐up for oral squamous cell carcinoma is necessary, focusing not only on the areas of leukoplakia, but also the surrounding background. (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Rates of upgrade to malignancy for 271 cases of flat epithelial atypia (FEA) diagnosed by breast core biopsy

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 16:52:54 +0100

Abstract Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) is a borderline lesion that might represent an early stage in the development of certain low-grade carcinomas in situ and invasive cancers. There are no guidelines on its management. Our objectives were to determine the upgrade to malignancy rate and identify a subpopulation of patients that might undergo just mammographic surveillance. We retrospectively reviewed the data for 271 FEA cases among 5,555 breast core biopsies obtained over a 7-year period (January 2003–2010). We collated clinical data (age, history of cancer, menopausal status), radiological data (lesion type, size, Bi-Rads category), technical data (number of biopsies, needle gauge, excision quality) and histological data and sought correlations between these factors a...

Smad phosphoisoform signaling specificity: the right place at the right time

Carcinogenesis — Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β antagonizes mitogenic Ras signaling during epithelial regeneration, but TGF-β and Ras act synergistically in driving tumor progression. Insights into these apparently contradictory effects have come from recent detailed analyses of the TGF-β signaling process. Here, we summarize the different modes of TGF-β/Ras signaling in normal epithelium and neoplasms and show how perturbation of TGF-β signaling by Ras may contribute to a shift from tumor-suppressive to protumorigenic TGF-β activity during tumor progression. Smad proteins, which convey signals from TGF-β receptors to the nucleus, have intermediate linker regions between conserved Mad homology (MH) 1 and MH2 domains. TGF-β Type I receptor and Ras-associated kinas...

Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific Interactions with the Microenvironment Dictate Mechanisms of Invasion

Cancer Research — Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Most ductal breast carcinoma cells are weakly invasive in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that components of their microenvironment may facilitate a transition from in situ to invasive stages during progression. Here, we report that coculture of mammary fibroblasts specifically triggers invasive behavior in basal-type breast cancer cells through a ligand independent mechanism. When cultured alone in organotypic culture, both basal- and luminal-type breast cancer cells formed noninvasive spheroids with characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In contrast, when cocultured with mammary fibroblasts, basal-type spheroids exhibited invasive character whereas the luminal-type spheroids retained a benign and noninvasive duct-like architecture. Real-time imaging and functional studies reve...

Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: Treatment Options for a New Pathologic Entity.

Clinical Genitourinary Cancer — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Murray L, Reintgen M, Akman K, Cox C, Cox J, Reintgen D, Greenberg H, Vrcel V PMID: 22037287 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer)

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The value of bladder mapping and prostatic urethra biopsies for detection of carcinoma in situ (CIS)

BJU International — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION• Traditional cold‐cup biopsies are unreliable for detecting CIS in bladder mucosa and negative findings must be interpreted with caution. (Source: BJU International)

Squamous cell carcinoma complicating chronic ulcerative colitis

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

A 67-year-old man with a 30-year history of ulcerative colitis underwent surveillance colonoscopy. Surveillance colonoscopy 18 months earlier demonstrated pan-colonic chronic ulcerative colitis. On the more recent surveillance colonoscopy, a long segment of atypical, pale mucosa was seen in the rectum extending contiguously to the sigmoid colon () with a solitary 10-mm nodule at the junction of the normal and abnormal mucosa (). Biopsy samples of the abnormal mucosa demonstrated squamous metaplasia () and superficial biopsy samples of the nodule demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma in situ. The remainder of the colon had no endoscopic evidence of active inflammation, and biopsy samples demonstrated changes consistent with quiescent colitis. A repeat sigmoidoscopy was performed, and EMR of ...

Canadian Optically-guided approach for Oral Lesions Surgical (COOLS) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BMC Cancer — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

DiscussionIn this paper we described the strategies, novelty, and challenges of this unique trial involving a surgical approach guided by the FV technology. The success of the trial requires training, coordination, and quality assurance across multiple sites within Canada. The COOLS trial, an example of translational research, may result in reduced recurrence rates following surgical treatment of early-stage oral cancer with significant impacts on survival, morbidity, patients' quality of life and the cost to the health care system.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01039298 (Source: BMC Cancer)

Prognostic value of positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and negative hormone status in patients with T1a/T1b, lymph node‐negative breast cancer

Cancer — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that patients with T1a/T1b, lymph node‐negative BC have a low risk of distant and local recurrence, but younger age is a significant risk factor for events occurrence. Young women with HER2‐positive and HR‐negative status have a significant risk of distant recurrence and should be considered for future clinical trials with anti‐HER2 adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Better exercise adherence after treatment for cancer (BEAT Cancer) study: Rationale, design, and methods

Contemporary Clinical Trials — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Most breast cancer survivors do not engage in regular physical activity. Our physical activity behavior change intervention for breast cancer survivors significantly improved physical activity and health outcomes post-intervention during a pilot, feasibility study. Testing in additional sites with a larger sample and longer follow-up is warranted to confirm program effectiveness short and longer term. Importantly, the pilot intervention resulted in changes in physical activity and social cognitive theory constructs, enhancing our potential for testing mechanisms mediating physical activity behavior change. Here, we report the rationale, design, and methods for a two-site, randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of the BEAT Cancer physical activity behavior change interv...

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What is the significance of flat epithelial atypia and what are the management implications?

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The presence of FEA on core biopsy warrants further tissue sampling to ensure concomitant malignancy is not missed. Sampling with VAB provides sufficient tissue for histopathological evaluation, reducing the need for surgical biopsy. It is important that the utilisation of VAB is incorporated into a safe patient management pathway with careful multidisciplinary team discussion to ensure radiological–pathological concordance. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Non-invasive Detection of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis using Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII Targeted Imaging Probes.

Clinical Cancer Research — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These imaging probes have potential for non-invasive staging of breast cancer in the clinic and elimination of unneeded surgery, which is costly and associated with morbidities. PMID: 22016510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

Screening Breast MR Imaging in Women with a History of Lobular Carcinoma in Situ [Breast Imaging]

Radiology — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: MR imaging is a useful adjunct modality with which to screen women with a history of LCIS at high-risk of developing breast cancer, resulting in a 4.5% incremental cancer detection rate. Sensitivity in the detection of breast cancers with a combination of MR imaging and mammography was higher than sensitivity of either modality alone. © RSNA, 2011 (Source: Radiology)

Results of MR Imaging Screening for Breast Cancer in High-Risk Patients with Lobular Carcinoma in Situ [Breast Imaging]

Radiology — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Screening breast MR imaging helped identify breast cancer in LCIS patients at a rate similar to that shown in high-risk populations for whom screening breast MR imaging is currently consistently recommended. © RSNA, 2011 (Source: Radiology)

Use of Annual Mammography Among Older Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Journal of General Internal Medicine — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 05:48:49 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Annual mammography among women age 65 to 85 with DCIS declines as women get further from diagnosis. Interventions should focus on reducing disparities in the use of initial surveillance mammography, and increasing surveillance over time. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11606-011-1918-zAuthors Phyllis Brawarsky, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02120-1613, USABridget A. Neville, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USAGarrett M. Fitzmaurice, Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USAMichael J. Hassett, Center for Outcomes and...

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Impact of digital mammography in the detection and management of microcalcifications.

Radiologia — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Direct digital mammography has improved the detection of microcalcifications, increasing the number of DCIS diagnosed without decreasing the positive predictive value of the invasive procedures indicated for microcalcifications. However, direct digital mammography has had a negative effect by increasing the recall rate and indication for short-term follow-up, possibly due to the difficulty of comparing the findings with those of earlier analog mammograms. PMID: 22015223 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiologia)

Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography in Community Practice in the United States: A Cohort Study.

Annals of Internal Medicine — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Overall, cancer detection with digital or film-screen mammography is similar in U.S. women aged 50 to 79 years undergoing screening mammography. Women aged 40 to 49 years are more likely to have extremely dense breasts and estrogen receptor-negative tumors; if they are offered mammography screening, they may choose to undergo digital mammography to optimize cancer detection. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute. PMID: 22007043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)

Usefulness of breast-specific gamma imaging as an adjunct modality in breast cancer patients with dense breast: a comparative study with MRI

Annals of Nuclear Medicine — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 16:03:52 +0100

Conclusion BSGI showed an equivocal sensitivity and a high specificity compared to MRI in the diagnosis of breast lesions. In addition, BSGI had a good sensitivity in discriminating breast cancers ≤1 cm. The results of this study suggest that BSGI could play a crucial role as an adjunctive imaging modality which can be used to evaluate breast cancer patients with dense breasts. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s12149-011-0544-5Authors Bom Sahn Kim, Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 911–1 Mok-Dong, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158–710 Korea Journal Annals of Nuclear MedicineOnline ISSN 1864-6433Print ISSN 0914-7187 (Source: Annals of Nuclear Medicine)

Oral contraceptive and progestin-only use correlates to tissue tumor marker expression in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Contraception — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The study showed molecular alterations, which, in general, have not been studied previously in COC users and have never been studied in progestogen-only users. These biological events might be involved in epidemiological correlations found between hormonal contraceptive use and cervical neoplasms. (Source: Contraception)

The Challenges of Treating Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

Cancer Network — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 12:00:00 +0100

The management of LCIS continues to be a challenge due to the uncertainty among providers about the clinical significance of most LCIS lesions. Treatment recommendations range from core biopsy plus or minus tamoxifen, to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. (Source: Cancer Network)

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Recommendations for Women With Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

Cancer Network — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Paralleling changes in the management of invasive breast cancer, trends in the management of LCIS have moved toward more conservative management. However, we have made little progress in understanding the biology of LCIS and therefore remain unable to truly optimize recommendations for individual patients. (Source: Cancer Network)

The ADAMTS1 Protease Gene Is Required for Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis.

The American Journal of Pathology — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ricciardelli C, Frewin KM, Tan ID, Williams ED, Opeskin K, Pritchard MA, Ingman WV, Russell DL Abstract A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs protein 1 (ADAMTS1) is a protease commonly up-regulated in metastatic carcinoma. Its overexpression in cancer cells promotes experimental metastasis, but whether ADAMTS1 is essential for metastatic progression is unknown. To address this question, we investigated mammary cancer progression and spontaneous metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT mouse mammary tumor model in Adamts1 knockout mice. Adamts1(-/-)/PyMT mice displayed significantly reduced mammary tumor and lung metastatic tumor burden and increased survival, compared with their wild-type and heterozygous littermates. Histological examination revealed an increase...

Coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ independently predicts lower tumor aggressiveness in node-positive luminal breast cancer

Medical Oncology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 16:00:29 +0100

Abstract Primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma coexisting with ductal carcinoma in situ (IDC-DCIS) is characterized by lower proliferation rate and metastatic propensity than size-matched pure IDC. IDC-DCIS is also more often ER-positive, PR-positive and/or HER2-positive. This analysis aims to clarify whether the presence of coexisting DCIS in IDC affects tumor aggressiveness in various biological subtypes of breast cancer, respectively. Tumor data obtained from 1,355 consecutive female patients undergoing upfront surgery for primary breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively; 196 patients with pure DCIS were excluded. Based on evidence that immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides a reasonable approximation of molecular phenotypes, the tumor samples were divided into 4 gro...

Prospective Evaluation of the Nipple–Areola Complex Sparing Mastectomy for Risk Reduction and for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 05:45:15 +0100

Conclusions NSM is technically feasible in select patients, with a low risk for NAC removal resulting from necrosis or intraoperative detection of cancer, and preserves sensation and QOL. Thorough pathologic assessment of the NAC base is critical to ensure disease eradication. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyPages 1-8DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2099-zAuthors Jamie L. Wagner, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USARegina Fearmonti, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, USAKelly K. Hunt, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USARosa F. Hwang, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,...

Palpable ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

International Journal of Surgery — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 22:52:31 +0100

The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics of patients presenting with palpable pure Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (pDCIS). (Source: International Journal of Surgery)

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MRI findings of cancers preoperatively diagnosed as pure DCIS at core needle biopsy.

Acta Radiologica — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionEnhanced MRI provided informative morphology and size features that might help to predict the underestimation of invasiveness in preoperative biopsy-proven DCIS. PMID: 21969708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Radiologica)

A Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus env-Like Exogenous Sequence Is Strictly Related to Progression of Human Sporadic Breast Carcinoma.

The American Journal of Pathology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mazzanti CM, Al Hamad M, Fanelli G, Scatena C, Zammarchi F, Zavaglia K, Lessi F, Pistello M, Naccarato AG, Bevilacqua G Abstract A viral etiology of human breast cancer (HBC) has been postulated for decades since the identification of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). The detection of MMTV env-like exogenous sequences (MMTVels) in 30% to 40% of invasive HBCs increased attention to this hypothesis. Looking for MMTVels during cancer progression may contribute to a better understanding of their role in HBC. Herein, we analyzed HBC preinvasive lesions for the presence of MMTVels. Samples were obtained by laser microdissection of FFPE tissues: 20 usual-type ductal hyperplasias, 22 atypical ductal hyperplasias (ADHs), 49 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCISs), 20 infiltrating ductal ...

Squamous epithelial changes of the larynx: Diagnosis and therapy

Head and Neck — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractIt can be confusing for clinicians to work their way through the tangle of pathologic terms used in surgical pathology reports to describe squamous abnormalities in laryngeal biopsies. After a brief review of the normal microscopic anatomy of the larynx and time‐honored clinical designations for surface‐based abnormalities, this report sorts pathologic changes into 2 groups: those changes that do not carry a premalignant potential (including squamous metaplasia, squamous hyperplasia, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, keratosis, and parakeratosis) and those that do (including dyskeratosis, laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia [LIN], atypia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ). Generally, lesions in the first group do not require additional therapy or close follow‐up; lesions in ...

Improving breast cancer care through a regional quality collaborative

Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We present initial results from our analysis of institutional variation in surgical and core needle biopsy use within a regional breast cancer quality collaborative.Methods: Established in 2006, the Michigan Breast Oncology Quality Initiative (MiBOQI) consists of 18 hospitals collecting data on breast cancer care using the National Comprehensive Cancer Centers Network (NCCN) Oncology Outcomes Database Project platform to analyze and compare breast cancer practices and outcomes amongst member institutions. Institutional review board approval is obtained at each site. Data are submitted electronically to the NCCN and analyzed for concordance with practice guidelines. Aggregate and blinded data are shared with project directors and institutions at collaborative meetings, and ongoing practice ...

Sampling of secondary margins decreases the need for re-excision after partial mastectomy

Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background: We analyzed factors that influenced the need for re-excision after partial mastectomy.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 470 breast cancer patients treated with partial mastectomy with main outcome measures of re-excision, conversion to mastectomy, and recurrence.Results: Of 470 patients, 146 (31%) underwent re-excision for inadequate margins and 42 (8.9%) required mastectomy. Twelve (2.6%) patients had local recurrence of disease with a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. Factors found on multivariate analysis increasing the likelihood of re-excision include wire localization (2.4-fold), tumor or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) close to the margins ( (Source: Surgery)

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Abnormal expression of Nek2 and β‐catenin in breast carcinoma: clinicopathological correlations

Histopathology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study suggests that abnormal expression of Nek2 and β‐catenin might be one of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, especially of abnormal tumour proliferation. They may represent new potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (Source: Histopathology)

The challenges of treating lobular carcinoma in situ.

Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Visvanathan K PMID: 22106557 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.))

Recommendations for women with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS).

Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Oppong BA, King TA Abstract Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) represent a spectrum of breast disease referred to as "lobular neoplasia" (LN). Although LN occurs relatively infrequently, it is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, ranging from a three- to four-fold increased risk with ALH up to an eight- to ten-fold increased risk with LCIS. Initially regarded as a direct precursor to invasive lobular carcinoma, LCIS used to be treated by mastectomy. Subsequent studies demonstrating that the risk of invasive disease was conferred bilaterally and that subsequent cancers were of both the ductal and lobular phenotype led to the acceptance of LCIS as a marker of increased risk rather than a true precursor. Today, a diagnosis o...

Sodium iodide symporter, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression in carcinoma breast - An immunohistochemical analysis.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These findings indicate the utility of immnohistochemistry for NIS as a new potential prognostic marker and may provide guidance for possible radio iodine therapy in breast cancer patients. PMID: 22234102 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology)

High incidence of potentially virus‐induced malignancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: A long‐term followup study in a Danish cohort

Arthritis and Rheumatism — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 00:22:24 +0100

ConclusionThe patients in this SLE cohort experienced an increased risk of HPV‐associated tumors and other potentially virus‐induced cancers during long‐term followup. Our findings call for clinical alertness to oncogenic virus infections in SLE patients. (Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism)

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Expression of laminin‐5 γ2 chain in cutaneous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 18:05:48 +0100

Conclusion: We showed that cytoplasmic laminin‐5 expression should not be used as a criterion of malignancy and is not useful in distinguishing pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia from microinvasive and well‐differentiated SCC.dos Santos AM, Carneiro FP, Queiroz AJR, Damasceno EAM, de Castro TMML, de Amorim RFB, Takano GHS, Junqueira MIMB, de Magalhães AV. Expression of laminin‐5 γ2 chain in cutaneous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. (Source: Journal of Cutaneous Pathology)

Massive myoepithelial proliferation (myoepitheliosis) with lumpy deposits of basement membrane material closely associated with apocrine adenosis and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Pathology International — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 17:59:05 +0100

(Source: Pathology International)

The Incidence and Predictor of Lymph Node Metastasis for Patients with T1mi Breast Cancer Who Underwent Axillary Dissection and Breast Irradiation: An Institutional Analysis

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions A significant rate of axillary metastases occurred in the patients with T1mi breast carcinoma in this study. The comedo subtype of ductal carcinoma in situ, a high histologic grade, the presence of necrosis and the Van Nuys group 3 were significant predictors of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with T1mi breast cancer. Thus, the patients with T1mi breast disease are indicated to a careful evaluation of axillary lymph node metastasis, if they have the earlier-mentioned unfavorable factors. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Re: Glans Resurfacing for the Treatment of Carcinoma in Situ of the Penis: Surgical Technique and Outcomes

The Journal of Urology — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

M. Shabbir, A. Muneer, J. Kalsi, C. J. Shukla, E. Zacharakis, G. Garaffa, D. Ralph and S. Minhas Department of Andrology, Institute of Urology, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Coexistence of pregnancy-like and cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia with invasive lobular carcinoma.

Onkologie — Sat, 24 Sep 2011 10:36:06 +0100

Conclusions: The present case documents the previously unreported coexistence of PLH/CHH accompanied by multifocal lobular carcinoma. Extensive examination, including an excisional biopsy, is prudent if a needle core biopsy reveals a PLH/CHH lesion. PMID: 21934345 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)

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Wanda Sykes Takes Her Breast Cancer Seriously

About.com Breast Cancer — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Wanda Sykes Photo © Getty Images/Frederick M. Brown Outspoken comedian Wanda Sykes busted out of the breast cancer closet during an interview with Ellen DeGeneres. Sykes said that her diagnosis of DCIS - ductal carcinoma in situ - was discovered during breast reduction surgery that she had in February of this year. Sykes said that her natural breasts were "real big," and had been causing back pain. Her original intention had been to lighten her burden, but that plan had not included total removal of both breasts. When routine pathology tests were done on the tissue removed during breast reduction surgery...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Breast Cancer)

Is There a Low-Grade Precursor Pathway in Breast Cancer?

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 05:54:13 +0100

Conclusions These data do not support a low-grade precursor pathway characterized by LCIS and LG-DCIS. ER/PR and HER2 status have a high rate of concordance between in situ and subsequent invasive lesions. Additional studies of metachronous in situ and invasive lesions are needed to better understand pathways of breast tumorigenesis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2053-0Authors Tari A. King, Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USARita A. Sakr, Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USAShirin Muhsen, Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USAVictor P. Andrade, Brea...

Radial scar without associated atypical epithelial proliferation on image-guided 14-gauge needle core biopsy: Analysis of 49 cases from a single-centre and review of the literature.

Breast — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bianchi S, Giannotti E, Vanzi E, Marziali M, Abdulcadir D, Boeri C, Livi L, Orzalesi L, Sanchez LJ, Susini T, Vezzosi V, Nori J Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of image-guided 14-gauge needle core biopsy in the diagnosis of radial scar without associated atypical epithelial proliferation, by comparison with definitive histological diagnosis on surgical excision. The records of 8792 consecutive image-guided 14-gauge needle core biopsy of the breast performed from January 1996 to December 2009 were reviewed. Forty-nine cases of radial scar without associated atypical epithelial proliferation were identified and compared with definitive histological diagnosis on surgical excision. The definitive histological diagnosis on surgical excision co...

Cancellation of MR Imaging-guided Breast Biopsy Due to Lesion Nonvisualization: Frequency and Follow-Up [Breast Imaging]

Radiology — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: MR imaging-guided breast biopsy was canceled due to lesion nonvisualization in 8% of the patients. Although the cancer detection rate among the lesions for which biopsy was canceled is low (95% CI: 0%, 9%), short-term follow-up MR imaging is prudent. © RSNA, 2011 (Source: Radiology)

Misleading chest X-ray findings following the insertion of a breast expander

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

A 57 year old woman was diagnosed with a left sided high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). She underwent a skin sparing mastectomy and immediate implant only reconstruction at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge. (Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery)

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Importance of the number of retreived lymph nodes during cystectomy.

Urology Journal — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 01:08:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: Although exact guidelines are not described, it seems that dissection of high number of LNs during radical cystectomy is crucial. PMID: 21910098 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Urology Journal)

Effects of short-term estrogen treatment on the progression of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced premalignant mammary lesions in female Lewis rats

Medical Molecular Morphology — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 15:52:10 +0100

Abstract We studied the effects of short-term estrogen treatment (STET) on the progression of mammary lesions from ductal hyperplasia (DH) through ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis model. Three-week-old female Lewis rats (n = 40) received an intraperitoneal injection of MNU (50 mg/kg). Three weeks later, a 3-week-release, 0.25-mg, 17β-estradiol pellet was subcutaneously implanted for 2 weeks in 20 rats (STET); the remaining 20 rats did not receive the estradiol pellets (age-matched control). All rats were killed at 12 weeks of age, and their abdominal-inguinal mammary glands were histologically examined. The incidence and multiplicity of DHs were similar between groups (S...

Overexpression of fatty acid synthase in human urinary bladder cancer and combined expression of the synthase and Ki-67 as a predictor of prognosis of cancer patients

Medical Molecular Morphology — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 15:52:08 +0100

In conclusion, FAS expression can be a biomarker for tumor aggressiveness and loss of differentiation of bladder cancer, and the evaluation of its expression level in combination with Ki-67 labeling index may be a precise predictor for poor prognosis of cancer patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 146-150DOI 10.1007/s00795-010-0517-0Authors Takashi Sugino, Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295 JapanKeiichi Baba, Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, JapanNobuo Hoshi, Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, 960-1295 JapanKen Aikawa, Department of Urology, Fukushima M...

Unexpected tumor progression after conization for carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study indicates that patients with CIS occasionally show unexpected tumor progression after conization and the progression could be life‐threatening. Recurrent disease often shows tumor progression toward the endometrium or vagina, leading to difficulties in its detection at periodic pelvic examinations. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Radiology: Breast MRI may be adjunct screening tool for those with LCIS history

Health Imaging News — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 13:43:02 +0100

Screening breast MRI improved the cancer detection rate among women with a history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), according to a study published online Sept. 7 in Radiology. (Source: Health Imaging News)

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Chromosomal aberrations as detected by array comparative genomic hybridization in early low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasias of the breast

Histopathology — Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results show concurrent chromosomal aberrations of 1q gains and 16q losses in several cases with coexisting LIN and DIN1a. These aberrations are known to be common in low‐grade invasive (ductal and lobular) carcinomas as well as in more advanced (conventional) types of low‐grade ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) (low‐grade ductal carcinoma in situ). Our results raise the possibility of similar molecular‐genetic pathways in coexisting LIN and low‐grade flat DIN. (Source: Histopathology)

Nuclear PARP-1 protein overexpression is associated with poor overall survival in early breast cancer.

Ann Oncol — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear PARP-1 is overexpressed during the malignant transformation of the breast, particularly in triple-negative tumors, and independently predicts poor prognosis in operable invasive breast cancer. PMID: 21908496 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Oncol)

Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Use Among Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Journal of Women — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 16:14:20 +0100

Journal of Women's Health , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Women)

Screening Breast MR Imaging in Women with a History of Lobular Carcinoma in Situ [Breast Imaging]

Continuous Publishing articles — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

MR imaging is a useful adjunct modality with which to screen women with a history of lobular carcinoma in situ who have a high risk of developing breast cancer; it results in a 4.5% (95% confidence interval: 2%, 8%) incremental cancer detection rate. (Source: Continuous Publishing articles)

Results of MR Imaging Screening for Breast Cancer in High-Risk Patients with Lobular Carcinoma in Situ [Breast Imaging]

Continuous Publishing articles — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Patients at increased risk for developing breast cancer because of a history of lobular carcinoma in situ are likely appropriate candidates for screening breast MR imaging. (Source: Continuous Publishing articles)

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Detection of Slit2 promoter hypermethylation in tissue and serum samples from breast cancer patients

Virchows Archiv — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 05:47:18 +0100

Abstract Promoter hypermethylation has been shown to be a common mechanism for inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Slit2 promoter hypermethylation in both the tumor and serum samples of breast cancer patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). The methylation status of Slit2 was investigated in 210 tissue samples (15 breast with no pathological findings, 26 DCIS, and 169 IBC samples) and 123 corresponding serum samples (15 breast with no pathological findings, 26 DCIS, and 82 IBC samples) using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining for Slit2 was also performed using tissue microarray blocks to determine whether Slit2 p...

Comparative analysis of loss of heterozygosity and expression profi le in normal tissue, DCIS and invasive breast cancer

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sun, 04 Sep 2011 10:50:35 +0100

Conclusion We have confirmed that some of the molecular characteristics of DCIS are identical to those of invasive carcinoma. This approach could lead to the identification of molecular markers as indicators for the potential development of DCIS into invasive carcinoma or identification of DCIS subgroups with latent invasion. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticlesPages 652-655DOI 10.1007/s12094-011-0710-1Authors Michal Zikan, Oncogynecologic Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Apolinarska 18, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech RepublicJan Bohm, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MEDINOS Clinic, Sonneberg, GermanyDavid Pavlista, Oncogynecologic Center Departm...

Incidental finding of synchronous bilateral ductal carcinoma in situ associated with gynecomastia in a 15-year-old obese boy: case report and review of the literature

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Carcinoma of the breast is rarely encountered in the male population and is even less prevalent in the pediatric male population. Studies have suggested an association between male breast carcinoma and gynecomastia, but conflicting results have been shown. Only 3 cases of carcinoma in situ associated with bilateral gynecomastia during puberty have been described in the literature. Here, we present the case of a 15-year-old boy with bilateral gynecomastia who was found to have synchronous bilateral ductal carcinoma in situ. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

Bladder cancer: imperatives for personalized medicine.

Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kamat AM, Mathew P Abstract Although the age-adjusted incidence of urothelial carcinoma has stabilized or declined in developed nations as a result of tobacco and environmental regulations, the rising numbers of the elderly and the shift in the tobacco epidemic to underdeveloped and rapidly industrializing nations with less stringent environmental controls augur a major growth in the worldwide burden of this disease. Current understanding of the molecular pedigree of urothelial carcinoma indicates that the disease follows a two-pathway model. The first of these, the common non-muscle-invasive papillary disease (Ta) defined by fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutations and Ras pathway signaling, is characterized by a very low (< 5%) incidence of progression to...

What are safe margins of resection for invasive and in situ breast cancer?

Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Revesz E, Khan SA Abstract Adequate surgical margins in breast-conserving surgery are an important predictor of local recurrence (LR) rates. The definition of tumor-free margins in National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trials requires that tumor cells do not touch ink, but subsequent retrospective single-institution studies have suggested that wider margins confer greater protection against LR. Particularly wide margins have been proposed for ductal carcinoma in situ. However, wider margin requirements lead to higher re-excision rates, with attendant economic, psychological, and cosmetic costs, and perhaps increased mastectomy rates. Juxtaposed against these concerns about optimal margin width, a meta-analysis of clinical trials has demonstrated the s...

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Intraoperative assessment of surgical margins during breast conserving surgery of ductal carcinoma in situ by use of radiofrequency spectroscopy

The Breast — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We present results for 22 patients, from those enrolled in our institution. The device was used as an adjunctive tool to current practice. Based on permanent histology reporting, the rate of successful procedures was 86%. The improvement in intraoperative assessment with device use was associated with a reduction in re-excision rates, from 38.8 to 18%. (Source: The Breast)

Intraoperative assessment of surgical margins during breast conserving surgery of ductal carcinoma in situ by use of radiofrequency spectroscopy.

Breast — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Disease-free probability after the first primary ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a comparison between African-American and White-American women

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 16:16:26 +0100

Abstract Compelling evidence about the differences in the biology and behavior of invasive breast cancer between African-American (AA) and White-American (WA) women motivate inquiry into comparing the clinicopathology of non-invasive breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS). AA and WA women diagnosed with their first primary DCIS between 1990 and 1999 were identified from the institutional tumor registry. Data on method of presentation, treatment, and patient characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records. Patients were followed up through the medical records until the diagnosis of a subsequent cancer or the last day of contact with the institution. A total of 100 (29.6%) AAs and 236 (70.4%) WAs with the mean age of 60 (SD ± 13) and 57 (SD&n...

The Potential Role of Radiation Therapy in Bowen's Disease: a Review of the Current Literature.

Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy is an effective treatment option for Bowen's disease of the skin. Local recurrences seem to be equally low in patients treated with high- and low-dose regimens. Radiotherapy preserves normal tissues ensuring a superior esthetic and functional outcome. PMID: 21864250 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials)