MedWorm: Carcinoma

Adherence to national guidelines for surveillance after curative resection of nonmetastatic colon and rectum cancer: a survey among Norwegian gastrointestinal surgeons

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:05:13 +0100

Conclusion All hospitals reported having a strategy for surveillance after surgery for colon and rectal cancer, but there was considerable variance in strategy. A scientific audit of the true level of compliance, effectiveness and cost‐benefit is warranted at a national level. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

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Aqueous Extract of Paeonia suffruticosa Inhibits Migration and Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing VEGFR-3 Pathway

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 18:37:00 +0100

In conclusion, this research elucidates the effects and molecular mechanism for antimigration of PS-A on RCC cells and suggests PS-A to be a therapeutic or adjuvant strategy for the patients with aggressive RCC. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)

Planned Neck Dissection before Combined Chemoradiation in Organ Preservation Protocol for N2-N3 of Supraglottic or Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma

Karger Publishers — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:48:07 +0100

ORL 2012;74:64-69 (DOI:10.1159/000333111) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Overexpression of DNA damage-induced 45 alpha gene contributes to esophageal squamous cell cancer by promoter hypomethylation

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Overexpression of GADD45alpha gene is due to DNA hypomethylation in ESCC. GADD45alpha may be a protective factor in DDP chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research)

London Cancer New Drugs Group Rapid Review:Erlotinib for the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutation

NeLM - Drug Specific Reviews — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: London Cancer New Drugs Group Area: Evidence > Drug Specific Reviews Current NICE-approved first-line treatments for patients with NSCLC who have EGFR activating mutations include platinum-doublet chemotherapy (mainly gemcitabine plus cisplatin or carboplatin in the UK), gefitinib, and pemetrexed plus cisplatin (for adenocarcinoma or large-cell carcinoma only). Erlotinib has recently had its license extended to include the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations. In the European registration Phase III study (EURTAC), erlotinib at a dose of 150mg daily continued until disease progression (or unacceptable toxicity) resulted in a PFS gain of 4.5 months compared to standard chemotherapy; survi...

Potactasol 4mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion (topotecan)- New Product

NeLM - SPC Changes — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Actavis has launched Potactasol 4mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion (topotecan). Topotecan monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the ovary after failure of first-line or subsequent therapy and patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) for whom re-treatment with the first-line regimen is not considered appropriate. It can be used in combination with cisplatin for patients with carcinoma of the cervix recurrent after radiotherapy and for patients with Stage IVB disease. Please refer to the link below for the New SPC for new product Potactasol powder for concentrate for solution for infusion. (S...

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Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and response to interferon therapy in HCV‐infected patients: effect of factors associated with the therapeutic response and incidence of HCC

Liver International — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Liver International)

FDA approves kinase inhibitor for advanced RCC

Modern Medicine — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The FDA has approved the oral kinase inhibitor axitinib (Inlyta) for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma after failure of one prior systemic therapy. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Navigating Treatment Decisions

Kidney Cancer Association — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 17:54:52 +0100

This article focuses on treatment for clear cell disease, but some of these treatments are also appropriate for patients with non-clear cell disease. Some patients may have only a single metastatic tumor that can be removed by surgery. But most patients with metastatic disease have tumors in many parts of the body. In order to treat all of these tumors, patients are given systemic therapies, which are drugs that travel through the bloodstream and can directly reach cells throughout the body. Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that gives a boost to the immune system. The goal of immunotherapy is to help the patient’s immune system attack the cancer cells. Immunotherapy treatments have been available for decades and have generated renewed interest for treating metastatic RCC ...

American Thyroid Association Design and Feasibility of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Prophylactic Central Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 17:52:54 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the colon.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Delaney D, Chetty R Abstract An 85-year old female had a polypoid tumour in the sigmoid colon that histologically conformed to a lymphoepithelioma-like (LEL) carcinoma. The tumour was arranged in cords, chains, clusters and microalveoli of pleomorphic, irregular cells set within a dense intratumoral lymphocytic stroma. The tumour was EBV-negative and showed loss of MLH-1 and PMS-2 mismatch repair proteins. The patient did not fulfil the criteria for HNPCC. Only 5 other cases of primary colonic LEL carcinoma have been described previously and only one case appears to have an unequivocal association with EBV. In addition, one of the cases was encountered in a HNPCC patient. This is an unusual morphologic variant of a microsatellite unstable tumour with a LEL pattern, not ass...

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Spindle cell carcinoma progressed from transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author reports a very rare case of spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) of the urinary bladder progressed from ordinary papillary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). A 63-year-old man complained of hematuria. A transurethral endoscopic examination revealed a papillary tumor, and transuthetral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) was performed and was diagnosed as ordinary papillary urothelial TCC. Since then, he was treated with TUR-BT eight times. Chemotherapy, radiation, radical cystectomy and lymph nodes dissection were performed 16 years after the first TUR-BT. However, he developed rectal mucosal metastasis. He is now alive 17 years after the first presentation. All the TUR-BT specimens were ordinary papillary TCCs without invasion (pTa). Immunohistochemi...

Clinicopathologic study of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a case report.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

We report herein a first case of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid carcinoma in a 51-year old woman in Chinese population. We performed immunoperoxidase studies for 12 markers. Among them, cytokeratins, keratin 7, keratin 18, EMA, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vimentin show significantly differential expression between differentiated and undifferentiated area. PMID: 22295150 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Pathologic observations of the duodenum in 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in a single Japanese hospital: II. malignant lesions.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author investigated histopathology of 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in our pathology laboratory in Japan. A computer review of the duodenal specimens was done. In cases of malignancy, histological slides were reviewed. The duodenal specimens were composed of 567 benign lesions (92%) and 48 malignant lesions (8%). The 48 malignant lesions were composed of 20 cases (42%) of primary adenocarcinoma, 10 cases (21%) of primary adenocarcinoma of ampulla Vater, 4 cases (8%) of primary squamous cell carcinoma, 1 (2%) cases of primary spindle cell carcinoma, 4 (8%) cases of carcinoid tumors, 1 (2%) case of malignant lymphoma, and 8 cases (17%) of secondary carcinoma from the pancreatic carcinoma or bile duct carcinoma. The primary adenocarcinoma (n=20) was...

An orthotopic model of platinum-sensitive high grade serous fallopian tube carcinoma.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Khabele D, Fadare O, Liu AY, Wilson AJ, Wass E, Osteen K, Crispens MA Abstract Fallopian tube carcinoma (FTCA) is a very rare cancer type, but may be a useful platform for investigating high grade serous tumors of the pelvis that originate from a serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursor. Metastatic tumors from a patient diagnosed with Stage IIIC high grade serous FTCA (P0) were transplanted via intraperitoneal (IP) injection into a small cohort of mice (passage, P1). Patient information was obtained from the medical record. Tumors were grown, harvested and re-implanted or archived through P3. The P3 cohort was treated with saline (n=8) or cisplatin, 5 mg/kg (n=8), weekly for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, tumors from each passage and treatment group were passaged...

How early breast tumors become deadly: A small group of molecules might hold the answer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Ohio State University Medical Center) Researchers have discovered a pattern of molecules that differentiate early-stage breast tumors from invasive, life-threatening cancer. They also found a similar molecular signature that correlated with the aggressiveness of invasive tumors, and with the time to metastasis and overall survival. The findings could offer new strategies for treating breast cancer by blocking progression of early-stage breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ to life-threatening invasive cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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The association between Toll-like receptor 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility

BMC Cancer — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggested that TLR2 rs3804099 C/T and rs3804100 C/T polymorphisms were closely associated with HCC. In addition, the haplotypes composed of these two TLR2 synonymous SNPs have stronger effects on the susceptibility of HCC. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Acquisition of EMT phenotype in the gefitinib-resistant cells of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line through Akt/GSK-3β/snail signalling pathway

British Journal of Cancer AOP — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Acquisition of EMT phenotype in the gefitinib-resistant cells of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line through Akt/GSK-3β/snail signalling pathway British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, February 7, 2012. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.24 Authors: S Maseki, K Ijichi, H Tanaka, M Fujii, Y Hasegawa, T Ogawa, S Murakami, E Kondo & H Nakanishi (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)

Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Saponins from Ardisia gigantifolia

Planta Medica — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Planta MedDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298254AbstractThree new triterpenoid saponins, 1–3, together with two known saponins, 4 and 5, were isolated from the rhizome of Ardisia gigantifolia. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Saponins 1, 2, 4, and 5 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, namely, Hela human cervical carcinoma cells, EJ human bladder tumor cells, HepG-2 human hepatoma cells, and BCG human gastric carcinoma cells with IC50 values in the range of 1.9–4.8 µM.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Planta Medica)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a patient with malignant insulinoma manifesting following surgery

Diabetic Medicine — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although this is a rare condition, clinicians should bear in mind that insulinomas may exist together with diabetes mellitus, and it is important to have this suspicion when considering the perioperative approach and for the prevention of morbidities.© 2012 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine © 2012 Diabetes UK (Source: Diabetic Medicine)

The Influence of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) on Distribution of Perivascular Nerves in Tumor Neovasculatures of Mouse Corneal.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 21:06:03 +0100

Authors: Sone Y, Ochi E, Matsuyama A, Fukuhara S, Goda M, Takatori S, Kawasaki H Abstract Angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation, is critical for the growth and spread of tumors. The vascular tone and tissue blood flow are maintained and regulated by perivascular nerves. However, many studies have reported that tumor neovascular vessels have no innervation of perivascular nerves. We have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) facilitated perivascular innervation and suppressed the tumor growth. From these results, we hypothesized that the neuronal regulation of blood flow toward tumors via perivascular nerves may lead suppression of the tumor growth. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate effect of NGF on distribution of perivascular nerves and neovessel form in tumo...

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Essential role of gastric gland mucin in preventing gastric cancer in mice

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

Gastric gland mucin secreted from the lower portion of the gastric mucosa contains unique O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) having terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (αGlcNAc). Previously, we identified human α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT), which is responsible for the O-glycan biosynthesis and characterized αGlcNAc function in suppressing Helicobacter pylori in vitro. In the present study, we engineered A4gnt–/– mice to better understand its role in vivo. A4gnt–/– mice showed complete lack of αGlcNAc expression in gastric gland mucin. Surprisingly, all the mutant mice developed gastric adenocarcinoma through a hyperplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in the absence of H. pylori...

Proteomics-related biomarkers for HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and future prospects

Future Virology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:51:15 +0100

Future Virology , February 2012, Vol. 7, No. 2, Pages 161-171. (Source: Future Virology)

Three New Phenolic Glucosides from the Roots of Rheum palmatum.

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 14:06:02 +0100

Authors: Wang ZW, Wang JS, Luo J, Wei DD, Kong LY Abstract A novel naphthalene glucoside, rheumone A (1), with an unprecedented skeleton containing a seven-membered lactone, and two new compounds, 1-O-phloroglucinyl-2-O-galloyl-6-O-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucoside (2) and chrysophanol 1-O-β-D-(6'-O-malonyl)glucoside (3), together with three known compounds (4-6) were isolated from the roots of Rheum palmatum. Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analysis. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicities towards human hepatocellular cancer cell lines Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/5Fu, and human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823. None of them showed cytotoxicity with IC(50) far beyond 50 μM. PMID: 22293484 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chemical and Phar...

Validation of the Antiproliferative Effects of Organic Extracts from the Green Husk of Juglans regia L. on PC-3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Assessment of Apoptosis-Related Genes

Advances in Urology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:46:42 +0100

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of walnut green husk extracts on cell proliferation and to determine the possible molecular mechanism of extract-induced cell death by quantifying the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspases-3, and Tp53. PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. In this study, we found that green husk extracts suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner by modulating expression of apoptosis-related genes. This involved DNA fragmentation (determined by TUNEL assay) and significant changes in levels of mRNA and the expression of corresponding proteins. An increase in expressions of Bax, caspase-3, and tp53 genes and their corresponding proteins was detected using real-time PCR and western blot analysis in PC-3 cells treated with t...

Cryoablation vs radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: a meta‐analysis of case series studies

BJU International — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:22:49 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• This review shows that both ablation therapies have similar efficacy and complication rates.• There is urgency for performing clinical trials with long‐term data to establish which intervention is most suitable for the treatment of small renal masses. (Source: BJU International)

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A 68-Year-Old Woman Presents With Scalp Mass, Biopsy Reveals Basal Cell Carcinoma

Cancer Network — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:00:00 +0100

A 68-year-old woman presented with a mass on the scalp which had been present for approximately 7 years. An incisional biopsy of the scalp mass and excisional biopsy of the lymph node both revealed basal cell carcinoma, micronodular histologic subtype. (Source: Cancer Network)

Cetuximab, brivanib failed to extend OS in metastatic colorectal carcinoma

HemOncToday.com — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 08:32:00 +0100

(Source: HemOncToday.com)

Drug‐related adverse events may predict efficacy in sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Hepatology)

Diarrhea predicts a positive response to sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Hepatology)

In vivo measurements of diffuse reflectance and time‐resolved autofluorescence emission spectra of basal cell carcinomas

Journal of Biophotonics — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present a clinical investigation of diffuse reflectance and time‐resolved autofluorescence spectra of skin cancer with an emphasis on basal cell carcinoma. A total of 25 patients were measured using a compact steady‐state diffuse reflectance/fluorescence spectrometer and a fibre‐optic‐coupled multispectral time‐resolved spectrofluorometer. Measurements were performed in vivo prior to surgical excision of the investigated region. Singular value decomposition was used to reduce the dimensionality of steady state diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectra. Linear discriminant analysis was then applied to the measurements of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and used to predict the tissue disease state with a leave‐one‐out methodology. This approach was able to correctly diagnose...

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Fibroblast growth factor 19 expression correlates with tumor progression and poorer prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

BMC Cancer — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: FGF19 is critically involved in the development of HCCs. Targeting FGF19 inhibition is an attractive potential therapeutic strategy for HCC. (Source: BMC Cancer)

The association of nutritional assessment criteria with health‐related quality of life in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma

European Journal of Cancer Care — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

THORESEN L., FRYKHOLM G., LYDERSEN S., ULVELAND H., BARACOS V., BIRDSELL L. & FALKMER U. (2012) European Journal of Cancer Care. The association of nutritional assessment criteria with health‐related quality of life in patients with advanced colorectal carcinomaHealth‐related quality of life (QoL) is a goal in nutritional oncology but the association between nutritional status and QoL is rarely explored. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of nutritional assessment criteria with QoL in 50 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. A second aim was to investigate changes in body weight and QoL during a 3‐month follow‐up. Muscle mass, nutritional risk, malnutrition and cachexia according to three different criteria were assessed, as well as health‐related ...

Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using Once-Daily Fractionation: Analysis of 312 Cases with Four Years Median Follow-Up

Radiation Oncology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: External beam APBI with once daily fractionation has a low rate of IBF consistent with other published APBI studies. The ASTRO risk stratification did not differentiate a subset of patients with a higher rate of IBF. APBI may be an appropriate treatment for women with DCIS and ILC. (Source: Radiation Oncology)

High and sustained efficacy after two sessions of topical 5‐aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma: a prospective, clinical and histological 10‐year follow–up study

British Journal of Dermatology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Two sessions of DMSO supportive topical ALA‐PDT and curettage can provide long‐term effective treatment results with favourable cosmetic outcome in primary, small BCC. (Source: British Journal of Dermatology)

Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Scrotum: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 10 Cases

Dermatologic Surgery — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsBCC of the scrotum is rare. It can metastasize after a long period of initial therapy. Long‐term surveillance including a complete metastatic examination is recommended for these patients. (Source: Dermatologic Surgery)

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Dermoscopy of Small Basal Cell Carcinoma: Study of 100 Lesions 5 mm or Less in Diameter

Dermatologic Surgery — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Dermatologic Surgery)

Management of the neck and regional recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus and hard palate compared with other sites in the oral cavity

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsSquamous cell carcinoma arising in the maxillary alveolus and hard palate has a similar risk of regional metastasis as the rest of the oral cavity, and a lower propensity for selective neck dissection is resulting in higher regional recurrence and lower survival rates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Prognostic value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil: Comparisons of volume‐based metabolic parameters

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Significant overexpression of the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) large T antigen in Merkel cell carcinoma

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionMCPyV large T protein was significantly overexpressed in 97% of all specimens. Although we could not demonstrate a predictive effect, MCPyV large T protein may represent a molecular marker with utility in pathological diagnosis as well as a potential new therapeutic target in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Second, third, and fourth head and neck tumors. A progressive decrease in survival

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

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Parapharyngeal space tumors: Another consideration for otalgia and temporomandibular disorders

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionPatients presenting with disproportionate signs and symptoms of a TMD should be evaluated with advanced imaging to rule out occult pathology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Serial suture ligation glossectomy for squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of a massive lymphovascular malformation

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionSerial suture ligation glossectomy is a simple and effective technique for treating the uncommon case of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in the setting of a massive LVM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Carcinosarcoma de novo of the parotid gland: Case report

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsReview of the literature supports combined modality, surgery with postoperative radiation, as the standard of care for this malignancy, although the long‐term prognosis for these patients is unclear. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Antitumor effect of vandetanib through EGFR inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsWe demonstrated that vandetanib inhibits the growth of head and neck cancer cell lines. The antitumor effects of vandetanib appear to be exerted via the EGFR inhibitory effect of the compound. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Application of microfluidic systems in management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMicrofluidics is an emerging multidisciplinary field that has the potential to provide solutions to many of the current challenges in managing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Treatment strategies for this disease are often complex and associated with significant morbidity and mortality; furthermore, prediction of response to treatment remains inaccurate. Microfluidic technology allows a small sample of tumor to be maintained alive ex vivo within a microenvironment that mimics the in vivo milieu; the response of this tumor biopsy to treatment regimens can subsequently be investigated. Microfluidics is the science and technology of systems that process or manipulate microliter to nanoliter volumes of fluids in purpose‐built devices fabricated from glass or other bioc...

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Angiotensin‐I converting enzyme inhibitors suppress angiogenesis and growth of esophageal carcinoma xenografts

Diseases of the Esophagus — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SUMMARYIt has recently been suggested that angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors decrease the risk of cancer. However, studies to date have not investigated esophageal carcinoma. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ACE inhibitors on growth of esophageal carcinoma xenografts. We used the EC9706 cell line, which expresses the highest vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA level, to establish xenografts in 21 BALB/c nude mice. The mice were then randomly allocated to receive normal saline, perindopril (4 mg/kg), or benazepril (6 mg/kg). Five weeks later, the nude mice were sacrificed and all tumors were dissected and weighed. The number of microvessels was counted by immunostaining endothelial cells for CD31 and the microvessel density was assessed. Th...

Differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis with pancreatic carcinoma remains a challenge to physicians

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although some recent advances have been made in helping the diagnosis of AIP, the differentiation of AIP with pancreatic carcinoma is still a challenge. In clinical practice, it must be reminded to exclude AIP before making the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.© 2012 The Authors. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

The role of molecular diagnostics in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Onkologie — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 02:58:36 +0100

Authors: Ozretić L, Heukamp LC, Odenthal M, Buettner R Abstract The field of molecular diagnostics has improved our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of malignant alteration, especially in lung cancer which remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and other molecules linked to the EGFR signaling pathway has been extensively studied, and they have become the target of new, specific therapies in lung adenocarcinomas. Similarly, the amplification of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene described in squamous cell lung carcinomas has opened new possibilities for molecular targeted therapy. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods have made possible an even more accurate dete...

Battling Lung Cancer With Combination Drug Therapy

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Combination drug therapy may be needed to combat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to a study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) and Van Andel Research Institute (VARI). The study, "STAT3 is Activated by JAK2 Independent of Key Oncogenic Driver Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma," was published online by the Public Library of Science (PLoS) ONE. The study found that in NSCLC - the most common form of lung cancer - that the STAT3 gene is activated in some NSCLC cell lines by the JAK2 protein... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Aberrant expression of nuclear vimentin and related epithelial‐mesenchymal transition markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to investigate the aberrant localization E‐cadherin, β‐catenin and vimentin, and their prognostic significance in 122 NPC patients by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that both membranous and cytoplasmic localization of E‐cadherin staining were associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively) and clinical stage (p = 0.000 and 0.007, respectively). High cytoplasmic β‐catenin correlated significantly with larger tumor size (p = 0.020), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.036). However, no significant difference was observed between membranous β‐catenin and clinicopathologic features (p = 0.05). High nuclear vimentin expression correlated significantly with positive lymph nod...

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Cytoplasmic p21 induced by p65 prevents Doxorubicin-induced cell death in Pancreatic Carcinoma cell line

BioMed Central — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our data suggested p65 could increase p53-mediated cell death in response to DOX in PANC1 cells. Thus, it is worth noting that in p53 null or defective tumors, targeting in down-regulation of p65 may well be useful, leading to the potentiality of chemotherapeutic drugs. (Source: BioMed Central)

MS/MS library facilitated MRM quantification of native peptides prepared by denaturing ultrafiltration

BioMed Central — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Naturally occurring native peptides provide important information about physiological states of an organism and its changes in disease conditions but protocols and methods for assessing their abundance are not well-developed. In this paper, we describe a simple procedure for the quantification of non-tryptic peptides in body fluids. The workflow includes an enrichment step followed by two-dimensional fractionation of native peptides and MS/MS data management facilitating the design and validation of LC- MRM MS assays. The added value of the workflow is demonstrated in the development of a triplex LC-MRM MS assay used for quantification of peptides potentially associated with the progression of liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma. (Source: BioMed Central)

A novel method for fast and robust estimation of fluorescence decay dynamics using constrained least-squares deconvolution with Laguerre expansion.

Physics in Medicine and Biology — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 04:38:31 +0100

We report a novel method for estimating fluorescence impulse response function (fIRF) from noise-corrupted time-domain fluorescence measurements of biological tissue. This method is based on the use of high-order Laguerre basis functions and a constrained least-squares approach that addresses the problem of overfitting due to increased model complexity. The new method was extensively evaluated on fluorescence data from simulation, fluorescent standard dyes, ex vivo tissue samples of atherosclerotic plaques and in vivo oral carcinoma. Current results demonstrate that this method allows for rapid and accurate deconvolution of multiple channel fluorescence decays without adaptively adjusting the Laguerre scale parameter. The appropriate choice of the scale parameter is essential for accurate ...

Efficacy, Safety, and Potential Biomarkers of Thalidomide plus Metronomic Chemotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Karger Publishers — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Oncology 2012;82:59–66 (DOI:10.1159/000336126) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Arising from an Ectopic Pancreas in the Gastric Wall: A Long-Term Survival Case

Karger Publishers — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Case Rep Oncol 2012;5:69–73 (DOI:10.1159/000335870) (Source: Karger Publishers)

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Decursin inhibits vasculogenesis in early tumor progression by suppression of endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and function

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 18:20:18 +0100

In this study, we investigated whether decursin regulates EPC differentiation and function to inhibit tumor vasculogenesis. We isolated AC133+ cells from human cord blood and decursin significantly decreased the number of EPC colony forming units of human cord blood‐derived AC133+ cells that produce functional EPC progenies. Decursin dose‐dependently decreased the cell number of EPC committing cells as demonstrated by EPC expansion studies. Decursin inhibited EPC differentiation from progenitor cells into spindle‐shaped EPC colonies. Additionally, decursin inhibited proliferation and migration of early EPCs isolated from mouse bone marrow. Furthermore, decursin suppressed expression of angiopoietin‐2, angiopoietin receptor Tie‐2, Flk‐1 (vascular endothelial growth factor recept...

Three‐dimensional tumour volume and cancer‐specific survival for patients undergoing nephrectomy to treat pT1 clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma

BJU International — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 12:43:52 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• Tumour volume could provide valuable prognostic information for patients with pT1a ccRCC but not pT1b ccRCC.• Future investigations are needed to confirm this finding, explore other RCC subtypes and evaluate accuracy of tumour volume determination on radiographic imaging for potential patient management before surgery. (Source: BJU International)

Quality of Life Outcomes after Isolated Limb Infusion

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:21 +0100

Conclusions ILI for melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma is associated with postprocedure symptoms in most patients, most commonly edema, color change, and numbness. At last follow-up, no ILI patients had residual functional impairment in the treated limb. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-6DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2239-0Authors Rebecca J. McClaine, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USAJoseph S. Giglia, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USASyed A. Ahmad, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USAStephanie J. McCoy, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USAJeffrey J. Sussman, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati,...

Aggressive Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Mucinous Appendiceal Neoplasms

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 07:21:20 +0100

Conclusions Aggressive management of PC from mucinous appendiceal neoplasms, by experienced surgeons, to achieve complete cytoreduction provides long-term survival with low major morbidity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Regional Cancer TherapiesPages 1-8DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2241-6Authors Frances Austin, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAArun Mavanur, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAMagesh Sathaiah, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAJennifer Steel, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USADiana Lenzner, Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USALekshmi Ramali...

L-Mimosine blocks cell proliferation via upregulation of B-cell translocation gene 2 and N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 in prostate carcinoma cells

AJP: Cell Physiology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

l-Mimosine, an iron chelator and a prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor, blocks many cancer cells at the late G1 phase. B-cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) regulates the G1/S transition phases of the cell cycle. N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (Ndrg1) is a differentiation-inducing gene upregulated by hypoxia. We evaluated the molecular mechanisms of l-mimosine on cell cycle modulation in PC-3 and LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. The effect of l-mimosine on cell proliferation of prostate carcinoma cells was determined by the [3H]thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry assays. l-Mimosine arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase in PC-3 cells and at the S phase in LNCaP cells, thus attenuating cell proliferation. Immunoblot assays indicated that hypoxia and l-mimosine stabilized hypoxia-inducible...

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Axillary node metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma with hurthle and signet ring cell differentiation. A case of disseminated thyroid cancer with peculiar histologic findings

BMC Cancer — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionCurrently there are only few reported cases of axillary node metastases from thyroid cancer, and to our knowledge, this is the first report on axillary lymph node metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma. "Signet ring cell" is a morphologic feature shared by both benign and, more rarely, malignant follicular thyroid neoplasm, and it generally correlates with an arrest in folliculogenesis. Our case is one of the rare "signet ring cells" carcinomas so far described. (Source: BMC Cancer)

The microRNAs, MiR‐31 and MiR‐375, as candidate markers in Barrett's esophageal carcinogenesis

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThere is a critical need to identify molecular markers that can reliably aid in stratifying esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk in patients with Barrett's esophagus. MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR) are one such class of biomolecules. In the present cross‐sectional study, we characterized miRNA alterations in progressive stages of neoplastic development, i.e., metaplasia–dysplasia–adenocarcinoma, with an aim to identify candidate miRNAs potentially associated with progression. Using next generation sequencing (NGS) as an agnostic discovery platform, followed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) validation in a total of 20 EACs, we identified 26 miRNAs that are highly and frequently deregulated in EACs (≥4‐fold in >50% of cases) when compared to paired normal esophageal squamou...

Reasons to consider earlier treatment of chronic HBV infections

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Introduction Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem, leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver failure. In highly endemic areas and among immigrants from these areas, most cases of chronic hepatitis B are due to HBV infection at birth or during the first year of life. Cirrhosis and HCC may occur at any age, but infections early in life are typically asymptomatic for the first few decades. Sharp rises in the incidence of fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC generally do not appear until after the age of 30, the incidence of HCC showing a sharp rise after the age of 40. Approximately 50% of deaths in HBV carriers may be due to either chronic liver disease or HCC. Cirrhosis is a consequence of hepatocyte death and chronic inflammation in the l...

Synergistic tumour suppressor activity of E-cadherin and p53 in a conditional mouse model for metastatic diffuse-type gastric cancer

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This mouse line is the first genetically engineered mouse model of DGC and is very useful for clarifying the mechanism underlying gastric carcinogenesis, and provides a new approach to the treatment and prevention of DGC. (Source: Gut)

Chemokine-driven lymphocyte infiltration: an early intratumoural event determining long-term survival in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A 14 immune-gene signature, which identifies molecular cues driving tumour infiltration by lymphocytes, accurately predicts survival of patients with HCC especially in early disease. (Source: Gut)

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Hyperplastic polyposis syndrome and the risk of colorectal cancer

Gut — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

I read with great interest the two reports by Boparai and coworkers in Gut on the increased risk of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in 77 hyperplastic/serrated polyposis syndrome (HPS) patients during follow-up1 and in 347 HPS first-degree relatives (FDRs).2 To date, follow-ups have been performed in only 43/308 (14.0%) HPS patients and HPS coexistence with CRC in FDRs has been analysed in only 29/308 (9.4%) HPS patients described up to the end of 2009 (table 1). Nevertheless, there are some points to be explained:The term ‘(sessile) serrated adenoma’ should be abbreviated as SSA, instead of SA (serrated adenoma). SSA, characterised by abnormal proliferation, is included in the non-dysplastic group contrary to SA, which belongs to the dysplastic serrated polyp category because of th...

Clinical assessment of PTEN loss in endometrial carcinoma: immunohistochemistry outperforms gene sequencing

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bojana Djordjevic, Bryan T Hennessy, Jie Li, Bedia A Barkoh, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Gordon B Mills & Russell R Broaddus (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation?

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation? Modern Pathology advance online publication, February 3, 2012. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2011.217 Authors: Eleftherios P Samartzis, Nicolas Samartzis, Aurelia Noske, André Fedier, Rosmarie Caduff, Konstantin J Dedes, Daniel Fink & Patrick Imesch (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Loss of keratin 13 in oral carcinoma in situ: a comparative study of protein and gene expression levels using paraffin sections

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi, Satoshi Maruyama, Takanori Kobayashi, Manabu Yamazaki, Jun Cheng & Takashi Saku (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Diverse RET/PTC Proinflammatory and Transforming Pathways [Signal Transduction]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Thyroid carcinomas that harbor RET/PTC oncogenes are well differentiated, relatively benign neoplasms compared with those expressing oncogenic RAS or BRAF mutations despite signaling through shared transforming pathways. A distinction, however, is that RET/PTCs induce immunostimulatory programs, suggesting that, in the case of this tumor type, the additional pro-inflammatory pathway reduces aggressiveness. Here, we demonstrate that pro-inflammatory programs are selectively activated by TRAF2 and TRAF6 association with RET/PTC oncoproteins. Eliminating this mechanism reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production without decreasing transformation efficiency. Conversely, ablating MEK/ERK or PI3K/AKT signaling eliminates transformation but not pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Functional unc...

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Human papillomavirus detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Iran.

European Journal of Internal Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:25:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the present study showed that a small proportion of ESCC specimens from Iran harbor HPV16, 18 genome using a highly sensitive method. As different rates have been reported from Iran, a more widespread study with more precise definition of geographical differences could delineate the potential involvement of HPV in the development of ESCC in Iranian population. PMID: 22284258 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)

Vismodegib approved by US FDA for treatment of basal cell carcinoma

MedWire News - Oncology — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

The US Food and Drug Administration has approved vismodegib for treatment of metastatic basal cell carcinoma. (Source: MedWire News - Oncology)

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising from a Primary Thyroglossal Duct Cyst with Cervical Node Metastases

Thyroid — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 21:38:28 +0100

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Thyroid)

Professor David Oliver documents cancer battle in online videos

Health News: CBSNews.com — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:02:35 +0100

After diagnosed with nasal pharyngeal carcinoma, 69-year-old professor decides to teach through "social support" videos (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

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Cancer stem cells and EMT in carcinoma

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:20 +0100

Abstract The majority of deaths from carcinoma are caused by secondary growths that result from tumour invasion and metastasis. The importance of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a driver of invasion and metastasis is increasingly recognised, and recent evidence has highlighted a link between EMT and the cancer stem cells that initiate and maintain tumours and have also been implicated in invasion and metastasis. Here, we review cancer stem cells and their link with EMT, and explore the importance of this link in metastasis and therapeutic resistance of tumours. We also discuss new evidence from our laboratory demonstrating that cancer stem cells display a remarkable phenotypic plasticity that enables them to switch between an epithelial phenotype that drives ...

Correlation of LAPTM4B polymorphisms with gallbladder carcinoma susceptibility in Chinese patients

Medical Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:09 +0100

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of LAPTM4B allelic variation and GBC susceptibility. LAPTM4B genotype was analyzed in 155 healthy individuals and 91 GBC patients by PCR, and the genotypic distribution of LAPTM4B was analyzed with the chi-squared test. The frequency of allele *2 was 37.9 and 24.8% in the GBC and the control groups, respectively, representing a significant difference between these two groups (P < 0.001). LAPTM4B allele *2 may be a risk factor associated with genetic susceptibility to GBC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s12032-012-0173-4Authors Hua Yang, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 ChinaGuojun Zhai, Department of Interventional R...

Endotracheal metastasis from basaloid squamous carcinoma of the esophagus

Esophagus — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:46 +0100

We describe a rare case of metachronous endotracheal metastasis originating from esophageal basaloid squamous carcinoma. A 72-year-old Japanese man underwent esophagectomy for stage I esophageal cancer. Pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen was basaloid squamous carcinoma. One year later, a follow-up computed tomography scan displayed a tumor shadow in the tracheal wall. Bronchoscopy revealed a protruding tumor in the tracheal wall, and the pathologic diagnosis of the biopsy specimen was also basaloid squamous carcinoma. According to the diagnosis of metachronous endobronchial metastasis from esophageal basaloid squamous carcinoma, we treated the patient with chemotherapy comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil followed by chemoradiotherapy, and complete respons...

An essential role for p38 MAPK in cerebellar granule neuron precursor proliferation

Acta Neuropathologica — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:33 +0100

Abstract Development of the cerebellum occurs postnatally and is marked by a rapid proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNPs). CGNPs are the cells of origin for SHH-driven medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Here, we investigated the role of ERK, JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in CGNP proliferation. We found high levels of p38α in proliferating CGNPs. Concomitantly, members of the p38 pathway, such as ASK1, MKK3 and ATF-2, were also elevated. Inhibition of the Shh pathway or CGNP proliferation blunts p38α levels, irrespective of Shh treatment. Strikingly, p38α levels were high in vivo in the external granule layer of the postnatal cerebellum, Shh-dependent mouse medulloblastomas and human medulloblastoma...

Estrogen suppresses expression of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) within the mouse uterus

Endocrine — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:13 +0100

Abstract RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein which regulates MMP2 and MMP9 activity and has been proposed to play a role in embryo implantation while misexpression of RECK has been associated with a variety of carcinomas. Unfortunately, understanding on the steroidal regulation of uterine RECK is lacking. To address this gap in our knowledge, we examined steroidal regulation and cellular expression of Reck mRNA and protein within the mouse uterus in vivo. Uterine Reck mRNA and protein were decreased by estrogen, while progesterone alone had no effect. The estrogen-induced down regulation could be partially blocked by progesterone. RECK was localized primarily to luminal and glandular epithelial cells and the ...

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Intralesional cryosurgery for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma in an elderly patient

European Journal of Plastic Surgery — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:13:17 +0100

Abstract The incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the lower extremities of elderly patients, who have co-morbidity, is rising. The surgical technique to treat those skin neoplasms on the legs should take into account difficulties in wound healing, dehiscence, or necrosis of the surgical wound, failed skin grafting, and wound infection due to blood supply and innervation disturbances and reduced quality of the skin. Spray/contact cryosurgery is one of the well-established, older therapies for BCC and is widely used with hardly any contraindications and with a high cure rate. This case report is the first in the medical literature to present a successful removal of two BCCs on the leg of an elderly patient by employing a novel and new intralesional cryosurgery technolo...

Salvage Hepatectomy for Local Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Ablation Therapy

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:38 +0100

Conclusions The short-term and long-term results of salvage hepatectomy after incomplete percutaneous ablation therapy are equivalent to those of primary hepatectomy. Salvage hepatectomy is an acceptable treatment for patients with local recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after ablation therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Hepatobiliary TumorsPages 1-8DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2220-yAuthors Hiroyuki Sugo, Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanYoichi Ishizaki, Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanJiro Yoshimoto, Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanHiroshi Imamura, Departm...

Comparison Between Radical Esophagectomy and Definitive Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Clinical T1bN0M0 Esophageal Cancer

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:36 +0100

Conclusions Selection of patients at high risk of pathologic lymph node metastasis is essential when formulating treatment decisions for clinical T1bN0M0 esophageal cancers. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gastrointestinal OncologyPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2231-8Authors Masaaki Motoori, Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, JapanMasahiko Yano, Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, JapanRyu Ishihara, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, JapanSachiko Yamamoto, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, JapanYoshifumi K...

Video-Assisted Versus Conventional Total Thyroidectomy and Central Compartment Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

World Journal of Surgery — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:12:34 +0100

Conclusions The results of VA-TT and CCD in selected cases of PTC appear to be comparable to those of conventional surgery. A longer follow-up and larger series are necessary to draw definitive conclusions concerning long-term outcomes. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00268-012-1439-xAuthors Celestino P. Lombardi, Division of General and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico “A. Gemelli,” L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyMarco Raffaelli, Division of General and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico “A. Gemelli,” L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyCarmela De Crea, Division of General and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, U...

Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus type 1 nuclear antigen 3C sequence patterns of nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas in northern China

Archives of Virology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:10:20 +0100

In this study, we successfully amplified 26 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas (EBVaGCs), 50 nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) and 27 throat washing (TW) samples from healthy donors. Based on a phylogenetic tree, the samples could be divided into three patterns. 3C-6 was the predominant subtype in northern China, and the variations between the strains sequenced in our study and those from southern China and Japan were similar, but differences were also identified. The distribution of EBNA3C subtypes among EBVaGCs, NPCs and healthy donors was not significantly different. These data suggest that EBNA3C gene variations are geographically restricted rather than tumor-specific polymorphisms. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s...

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Interleukin-1β enhances the production of soluble MICA in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 17:58:29 +0100

In this study, we investigated the immunoregulatory role of IL-1β in the production of soluble MICA of HCC cells. First, we investigated the correlation between the serum IL-1β levels and soluble MICA in CH patients. Serum IL-1β levels were associated with soluble MICA levels in CH patients. The serum IL-1β levels of CH patients with the HCC occurrence were significantly higher than those of CH patients without HCC. We next examined the MICA production of IL-1β-treated HCC cells. Addition of IL-1β resulted in significant increase in the production of soluble MICA in HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells, human HCC cells. But soluble MICA was not detected in both non-treated and IL-1β-treated normal hepatocytes. Addition of IL-1β did not increase the expressions of membrane-bound MICA on ...

Dilemma of the Small Renal Mass

Kidney Cancer Association — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 15:22:53 +0100

2012 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium Daily News: By: Sima Porten, MD, MPH, and Maxwell V. Meng, MD The past decade has seen significant advances in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma, with the widespread adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques and the approval of several targeted systemic agents for metastatic disease.02/03/2012 (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

Novel Findings for Molecular Profiling of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Presented at the 2012 Multidisciplinary Head & Neck Cancer Symposium

Medical News (via PRIMEZONE) — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 14:30:00 +0100

This study retrospectively reviewed data aggregated from tumors molecularly profiled with Caris Target Now. (Source: Medical News (via PRIMEZONE))

Primary Corneal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Dog: Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation

Journal of Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:24:07 +0100

An 8-year-old male pug with a 12-month history of a progressive nonpainful mass on the left cornea was evaluated. Ocular examination showed a severe bilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca, pigmentary keratitis, and an exophytic irregular pink mass occupying approximately 75% of the total corneal surface of the left eye. A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was suspected on cytology, and clinical investigations showed no evidence of metastases. A transpalpebral enucleation was therefore performed, and the diagnosis of SCC was confirmed on histopathology. Immunohistochemical investigations showed that the neoplastic cells were pan-cytokeratin positive and vimentin negative. Additionally, nuclei immunoreactive to Ki-67 antigen were detected. Tumor cells were also negative to p53. Immunoreactivit...

Mutant allele specific imbalance modulates prognostic impact of KRAS mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma and is associated with worse overall survival

International Journal of Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:05:25 +0100

AbstractThe prognostic impact of distinct KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinomas is not fully characterized. We hypothesized that the prognostic impact of KRAS mutations is modulated by KRAS mutant allele specific imbalance (MASI). KRAS MASI was assessed by sequencing electropherograms in KRAS‐mutated colorectal carcinomas (N = 394, prospectively tested). The mechanism of KRAS MASI was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (N = 50). FISH showed that KRAS MASI developed by chromosome 12 hyperploidy (9/18, 50%) or KRAS amplification (1/18, 5.5%). KRAS MASI was more common in tumors with KRAS codon 13 than with codon 12 mutations (24/81, 30% vs. 54/313, 17%; odds ratio [OR], 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 – 3.5; P = 0.01). KRAS MASI was correlated with overall surv...

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Occult Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting as a Frontal Bone Metastasis: A Case Report

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:21:45 +0100

This is a rare case of metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid in a patient with no history of thyroid problem. A frontal bone mass was examined microscopically and showed the pattern of metastatic follicular carcinoma. Thyroid ultrasonography then revealed a nodule in left lobe. Total thyroidectomy was done for the patient and microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Long-term follow-up of invasive ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma treated with excision, cryotherapy, and topical mitomycin C

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:54:32 +0100

Conclusion The combination of surgical excision, cryotherapy, and post-operative topical mitomycin-C was effective treatment for ocular surface invasive SCC in long-term follow-up. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory OncologyPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00417-012-1931-xAuthors Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan-Niayesh Street, Tehran, 14455-364 IranAbtin Heirati, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan-Niayesh Street, Tehran, 14455-364 IranFarzad Pakdel, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan-Niayesh Street, Tehran, 14455-364 IranVictoria Kiavash, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akr...

Ber‐EP4 is a useful marker for follicular germinative cell differentiation of cutaneous epithelial neoplasms

The Journal of Dermatology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we performed immunohistochemical staining of 31 cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC); 20 cases of trichoblastoma (TB), including ten cases of nodular type, eight cases of cribriform type (trichoepithelioma) and two cases of columnar type (desmoplastic trichoepithelioma); 16 cases of actinic keratosis (AK); and 10 cases each of Bowen’s disease, poroma and seborrheic keratosis. Six cases of BCC and AK were co‐lesions of both neoplasms. In normal skin tissue, Ber‐EP4 reacted positively with the secretory portion of eccrine glands and follicular germinative cells at the lower end of catagen hairs. Neoplastic cells in 97% of cases with BCC reacted positively with Ber‐EP4 in at least 5% of neoplastic cells. Those in 90% with nodular type TB and 50% with trichoepithelioma al...

Life‐threatening cervical spine collapse as a result of postradiation osteonecrosis—case report and review of the literature

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionDelayed diagnosis of cervical ORN can result in marked disability and pain due to spinal cord compression, as well as serious deformity and instability requiring surgical intervention, and even death. It is important for otolaryngologists who treat head and neck malignancies to be aware of this potential complication so that patients may be diagnosed as early as possible and treated with conservative measures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumor syndrome

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionHPT‐JT is a complex syndrome with phenotypic manifestations that can seem physiologically and temporally unrelated. The risk of parathyroid carcinoma is elevated in patients with HPT‐JT, necessitating rapid treatment and complete tumor resection to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with intractable hypercalcemia due to local recurrence or metastatic disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

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Hyalinizing clear cell adenocarcinoma of the oropharynx

Head and Neck — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionImmunohistochemical staining is essential for narrowing the differential diagnosis of these lesions. Treatment is controversial but usually consists of wide local excision and possibly a neck dissection. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

Expressions of GRP78 and Bax associate with differentiation, metastasis, and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Molecular Biology Reports — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sun Q, Hua J, Wang Q, Xu W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Kang J, Li M Abstract The purpose of this study was to detect the expressions of GRP78 and Bax in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, to analyze their correlations with carcinogenesis and the development of NSCLC, and to investigate the relationship of GRP78 expression to metastasis and apoptosis in the NSCLC cell line HCC827. The positive expression rates of GRP78 and Bax in NSCLC lung tissues were 59.7% and 34.7% by RT-PCR, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than that in the relatively normal surrounding lung tissues (p < 0.05); the lesser the degree of tumor differentiation was, the higher the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78 ...

Interactions between CYP1A1 polymorphisms and cigarette smoking are associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from epidemiological studies.

Molecular Biology Reports — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the associations of polymorphisms in CYP1A1 gene with HCC risk. Published literature from PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang Data were retrieved. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed- or random-effects model. Eight studies (1,752 cases and 2,279 controls) for Ile-Val polymorphism and eight studies (933 cases and 1,449 controls) for MspI polymorphism were identified. The results showed that there was no statistically significant association between the Ile-Val polymorphism and HCC risk under all genetic models (co-dominant model: Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 1.62, 95% CI 0.96-2.72 and Ile/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.87-1.52; dominant model: OR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.92-1.70; recessive ...

Human anti-EGFL7 recombinant full-length antibodies selected from a mammalian cell-based antibody display library.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We describe here the isolation of an EGFL7-specific antibody from a mammalian cell-based full-length antibody display library generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Using a novel vector, contained glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor and restriction enzyme sites NheI and ClaI, antibody libraries are displayed as whole IgG molecules on the cell surface and screened for specific antigen binding by a combination of magnetic beads and measured by cell ELISA. Anti-EGFL7 antibody was successfully isolated from the library. The mammalian cell-based full-length antibody display library is a great potential application for rapid identification and cloning of human mAbs of targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 22297616 [PubMed - as supplie...

Diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis is suppressed in lecithin:retinol acyltransferase-deficient mice primarily through retinoid actions immediately after carcinogen administration

Carcinogenesis — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Loss of retinoid-containing lipid droplets upon hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is one of the first events in the development of liver disease leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Although retinoid stores are progressively lost from HSCs during the development of hepatic disease, how this affects hepatocarcinogenesis is unclear. To investigate this, we used diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to induce hepatic tumorigenesis in matched wild-type (WT) and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) knockout (KO) mice, which lack stored retinoid and HSC lipid droplets. Male 15-day-old WT or Lrat KO mice were given intraperitoneal injections of DEN (25 mg/kg body wt). Eight months later, Lrat KO mice showed significantly less liver tumor development compared with WT mice, characterized by less liver t...

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MicroRNA-34a suppresses malignant transformation by targeting c-Myc transcriptional complexes in human renal cell carcinoma

Carcinogenesis — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We investigated the functional effects of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) on c-Myc transcriptional complexes in renal cell carcinoma. miR-34a down-regulated expression of multiple oncogenes including c-Myc by targeting its 3' untranslated region, which was revealed by luciferase reporter assays. miR-34a was also found to repress RhoA expression by suppressing the c-Myc–Skp2–Miz1 transcriptional complex that activates RhoA. Overexpression of c-Myc reversed miR-34a suppression of RhoA expression and inhibition of cell invasion, suggesting that miR-34a inhibits invasion by suppressing RhoA through c-Myc. miR-34a was also found to repress the c-Myc–P-TEFb transcription elongation complex, indicating one of the mechanisms by which miR-34a has profound effects on cellular functions. Our...

Aberrant cyclin A expression and centrosome overduplication induced by hepatitis B virus Pre-S2 mutants and its implication in hepatocarcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we confirmed that cyclin A was detected in the cytoplasm in the majority of HBV-related HCC tissues. In vitro, the pre-S2 mutant-initiated ER stress could induce cytoplasmic cyclin A mediated via cleavage by the calcium-dependent protease μ-calpain, resulting in an N-terminal truncated product which was preferentially located in the cytoplasm. The aberrant cyclin A expression subsequently induced centrosome overduplication, and this effect was abolished by calpain-specific inhibitors or RNA interference targeting to cyclin A. Overall, our data indicate that HBV pre-S2 mutant may elicit aberrant cyclin A expression and centrosome overduplication through ER stress induction and thereby represent a potential mechanism for the chromosome instability in HBV hepatocarcinogenesi...

Combination drug therapy urged to battle lung cancer

EurekAlert! - Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(The Translational Genomics Research Institute) Combination drug therapy may be needed to combat non-small cell lung cancer, according to a study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute and Van Andel Research Institute. The study, "STAT3 is Activated by JAK2 Independent of Key Oncogenic Driver Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma," was published online today, Feb. 2, 2012, by the PLoS ONE. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)

Clinicopathological significance of non-small cell lung cancer with high prevalence of Oct-4 tumor cells

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, even in the context of vulnerable MVD status and VEGF expression, overexpression of Oct-4 in tumor tissue represents a prognostic factor in primary NSCLC patients. Oct-4 may maintain NSCLC cells in a poorly differentiated state through a mechanism that depends on promoting cell proliferation. (Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research)

Epigenetic inactivation of the canonical wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Neoplasma — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether restoration of sFRP1 affected HCC metastatic behavior. sFRP1 mRNA expression and promoter methylation in HCC tissues and cell lines were examined using RT-PCR and methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR), respectively. sFRP1 protein expression was assessed by Western Blot. We generated stable HCC cell line restoration of sFRP1 in HepG2 cells, which naturally do not express detectable sFRP1 mRNA. The effects of exogenous sFRP1 on HepG2 cell invasion were investigated using trans-well assay. Also the effects of sFRP1 re-expression on the β-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent transcription activity was measured by luciferase assay.sFRP1 promoter methylation was frequently observed in HCC tissues (60%) and cell lines (75%). All samples with sFRP1 methylat...

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Expression of putative stem marker nestin and CD133 in advanced serous ovarian cancer.

Neoplasma — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of the studies was to explore if the stem cell biomarkers could be used to predict the tumor chemotherapy-resistance in serous ovarian cancer patients. Expression of two putative stem cell markers CD133 and nestin, and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were detected in 123 cases of advanced serous ovarian cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. To estimate intra-tumoral microvessel density (MVD), CD34 immunostaining was also performed. CD133 and nestin were defined to be positive in 35.0% and 32.5% of the serous ovarian carcinoma tissues, respectively. It was observed that overexpression of nestin but not CD133 was associated with the cisplatin-based chemotherapy resistance and shorter overall survival of the patients, and ...

RNA interference-mediated silencing of Stat5 induces apoptosis and growth suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Neoplasma — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we used human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC7721 as a model to demonstrate that Stat5 was highly expressed in these cells. Next we showed that RNAi mediated Stat5 knockdown could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Stat5 knockdown inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells in xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that Stat5 plays an important role in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Inhibition of Stat5 by RNAi holds promise to be a novel gene therapy vector for hepatocellular carcinoma. Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; SMMC7721; RNA interference; Stat5; apoptosis. PMID: 22296499 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Sou...

Silencing thioredoxin induces liver cancer cell senescence under hypoxia

Hepatology Research — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: High TXN levels in MHCC97H cells protect them from DNA damage and cellular senescence under hypoxia. Targeting TXN might enhance the chemotherapeutic effects of some DNA‐damaging agents against hepatocellular carcinoma. (Source: Hepatology Research)

Phase II Study of AS1411 in RCC

Kidney Cancer Association — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:30:52 +0100

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of AS1411 in patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.02/01/2012 (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

Thermal ablation of renal cell carcinoma

Kidney Cancer Association — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:25:48 +0100

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing. With the increasing emphasis on minimally invasive nephron-sparing surgery, thermal ablation is playing a larger role in the management of patients with this disease.02/01/2012 (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

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Familial renal cancer as an indicator

Kidney Cancer Association — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:24:08 +0100

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma (HLRCC) is a hereditary condition which typically presents with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomata. Papillary type II renal cell carcinoma and other less common histologic subtypes of renal cancer have been reported in HLRCC.02/01/2012 (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

Small Renal Oncocytomas

Kidney Cancer Association — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:22:12 +0100

To evaluate characteristic imaging findings of tumor attenuation in multiphase computed tomography (CT) between renal oncocytomas and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) of small tumor size ( (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

Quality of life during dendritic cell vaccination

Kidney Cancer Association — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 04:18:51 +0100

The data indicate that dendritic cells (DCs) vaccination, which is a personalised treatment modality, maintains quality of life (QoL) and thus represents an attractive nontoxic treatment option for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).02/01/2012 (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

Disseminated Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma in an Adolescent Confirmed by Application of PLAG1 Immunohistochemistry and FISH for PLAG1 Rearrangement

Head and Neck Pathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:46 +0100

Abstract A 16-year-old previously asymptomatic boy presented with complaints of fatigue, weight loss, and back pain for several months. Imaging studies revealed a large superior mediastinal mass, numerous bilateral pulmonary nodules, and multiple lytic bone lesions. A needle biopsy from a sternal lesion showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma, immunoreactive for cytokeratins and EMA and immunonegative for various organ/tissue-specific markers. His past medical history was significant for excision of a parotid gland tumor 5 years earlier. Histologic review of the salivary gland tumor revealed a pleomorphic adenoma containing a microscopic focus of invasive carcinoma (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma). By immunohistochemistry, both the salivary gland tumor and the diss...

The risk of advanced histology in small-sized colonic polyps: are non-invasive colonic imaging modalities good enough?

International Journal of Colorectal Disease — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:11:43 +0100

Conclusions A non-negligible fraction of small polyps harbor advanced histology. This finding suggests that expectant follow-up by non-invasive colonic imaging modalities for small polyps or not reporting them may put more than 5% of patients at risk of dysplasia progression. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00384-012-1409-7Authors Ron Shapiro, Department of Surgery C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, IsraelShomron Ben-Horin, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621 IsraelSimon Bar-Meir, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621 IsraelBenjamin Avidan, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashom...

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A basic in vitro study on effective conservative combined therapy for malignant tumors

Oral Radiology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:11:21 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest that the combined use of radiation, 43°C heat, and docetaxel will improve the therapeutic efficacy against malignant tumors by increasing sensitization to the antitumor effects of each therapy. The results also suggest that it is possible to reduce the dosage of the individual therapies in combination therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11282-012-0081-5Authors Takashi Sakurai, Division of Radiology, Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, JapanMasahiro Hara, Division of Radiology, Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, JapanRyota Kawamata, ...

The calcitonin levels can sometimes mislead parathyroid surgeons in patients with chronic kidney disease and renal hyperparathyroidism: report of a case

Surgery Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:09:40 +0100

This report presents a case of a patient with CKD and mild rHPT scheduled for thyroidectomy for a suspected medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) within a mononodular goiter. A hemithyroidectomy with resection of both adjacent parathyroid glands and unilateral central lymph node dissection was performed. Histopathology revealed no evidence of MTC. The rHPT, calcitonin and pentagastrin test subsequently normalized and follow-up revealed no evidence for MTC within the remaining right thyroid lobe. Elevated calcitonin levels in patients with CKD may reflect a physiological response to rHPT than rather represent MTC. The thresholds for calcitonin levels need to be better defined in affected patients to determine the optimal extent of surgical resection. Content Type Journal ArticleCateg...

Erivedge - Treatment For Most Common Form Of Skin Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:00:00 +0100

Basal cell carcinoma is a form of skin cancer caused by regular sun exposure, or other ultraviolet radiation, which starts in the top layer of the skin (epidermis), is usually painless and grows slowly. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration just approved a new drug named Erivedge (vismodegib) for the treatment of adult patients with basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer. The drug is designed for use in patients with locally advanced basal cell cancer, whose cancer has spread to other locations in the body, and who are unsuitable candidates for surgery or radiation... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Potential Antioxidant Role of Tridham in Managing Oxidative Stress against Aflatoxin-B1-Induced Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Research Letters in Nanotechnology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 11:48:01 +0100

This study highlights the potent antioxidant properties of TD which contribute to its therapeutic effect in AFB1-induced HCC in rats. (Source: Research Letters in Nanotechnology)

Improved Detection Of Colorectal Cancer By Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Repeated screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSG) increased the detection of colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma in women by one-fourth and in men by one-third, according to a study published Jan. 31 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Endoscopic methods are known to have a higher sensitivity than fecal occult blood testing in detecting colorectal cancer and adenoma and repeated screening detects a higher number of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas when compared to a single screen... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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[Pathological anatomical characteristics of Klatskin tumors : Classification, current molecular biological aspects, prognosis factors.]

Der Chirurg — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

[Pathological anatomical characteristics of Klatskin tumors : Classification, current molecular biological aspects, prognosis factors.] Chirurg. 2012 Feb 1; Authors: Munding J, Tannapfel A Abstract Klatskin tumors are a distinct subgroup of cholangiocarcinomas which are a surgical challenge due to their special localization. Different localizations do not show great differences concerning histomorphology and precursor lesions. With respect to molecular alterations there are only small differences. Accurate clinical and histomorphological diagnosis is important for therapy and especially the prediction of prognosis as well as standardized processing of the resection specimen if the carcinoma is resectable. Additionally, accurate lymph node dissection is necessary. Concerning...

Brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical features and prognostic factors

BMC Cancer — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: BM from HCC is rare and associated with an extremely poor prognosis. However, patients with a low RPA class may benefit from aggressive treatment. The clinical implication of extracranial metastases in HCC patients with BM needs further assessment. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Small non‐mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) with ALK immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemistry for ALK showing strong expression in the cytoplasm of small non‐mucinous BAC cells.

Cancer Science — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Cancer Science)

Small non‐mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase immunoreactivity: A novel ALK fusion gene?

Cancer Science — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4–ALK) and kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B)–ALK are newly identified transforming fusion oncogenes causing non‐small‐cell lung cancers. These molecular abnormalities have become detectable using not only molecular biological methods, but also highly sensitive immunohistochemistry. During the immunohistochemical study of ALK expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung, we unexpectedly discovered that a small bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) showed strong ALK immunoreactivity. However, FISH studies failed to reveal EML4–ALK and KIF5B–ALK fusion genes in this BAC. These findings suggest the possibility that a novel or unknown ALK fusion gene plays a crucial role in BAC development. (Cancer Sci 2...

Profiling of Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded microRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals potential biomarkers and oncomirs

Cancer — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Cancer)

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Reply to profiling of Epstein‐Barr virus‐encoded microRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals potential biomarkers and oncomirs

Cancer — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Cancer)

Evaluation of antigen specific recognition and cell mediated cytotoxicity by a modified lysispot assay in a rat colon carcinoma model

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The assay proved to be highly sensitive and specific, detecting even low frequencies of cytotoxic/activated cells and providing the evaluation of cytokine-expressing T cells as well as the extent of cytotoxicity against the target cells as independent functions. This assay may represent an important tool to be adopted in experimental settings including the development of vaccines or immune therapeutic strategies (Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research)

Production of IL1-beta by ovarian cancer cells induces mesothelial cell beta1-integrin expression facilitating peritoneal dissemination

Journal of Ovarian Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: A crucial step in the metastatic spread of ovarian cancer (OC) is the adhesion and implantation of tumor cells to the peritoneal mesothelium. In order to study this step in the cascade, we derived a pro-metastatic human ovarian carcinoma cell line (MFOC3) from the non-metastatic FOC3 line. Methods: Molecular profiling of the isogeneic lines identified differentially expressed genes, and investigation for a role in dissemination for specific factors was achieved by development of a co-culture adhesion assay utilizing monolayers of human mesothelial cells. Results: After murine intraperitoneal inoculation, the FOC3 cell line formed no metastases, but the MFOC3 subline formed metastases in >80% of SCID mice. MFOC3 cells also adhered 2-3 times more avidly to mesothelial monolayers....

[Articles] Concomitant chemoradiotherapy versus acceleration of radiotherapy with or without concomitant chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma (GORTEC 99-02): an open-label phase 3 randomised trial

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Chemotherapy has a substantial treatment effect given concomitantly with radiotherapy and acceleration of radiotherapy cannot compensate for the absence of chemotherapy. We noted the most favourable outcomes for conventional chemoradiotherapy, suggesting that acceleration of radiotherapy is probably not beneficial in concomitant chemoradiotherapy schedules. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

[Articles] Intravenous aflibercept for treatment of recurrent symptomatic malignant ascites in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study shows the effectiveness of VEGF blockade in the reduction of malignant ascites, but confirms the significant clinical risk of fatal bowel perforation in this population of patients with very advanced cancer. VEGF blockade should be used with caution in advanced ovarian cancer with abdominal carcinomatosis, and the benefit–risk balance should be thoroughly discussed for each patient. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

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[Articles] Concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Adjuvant cisplatin and fluorouracil chemotherapy did not significantly improve failure-free survival after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Longer follow-up is needed to fully assess survival and late toxic effects, but such regimens should not, at present, be used outside well-designed clinical trials. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

[Articles] Addition of bevacizumab to standard chemoradiation for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RTOG 0615): a phase 2 multi-institutional trial

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The addition of bevacizumab to standard chemoradiation treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is feasible, and might delay the progression of subclinical distant disease. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

Predictive index for lymph node management of major salivary gland cancer

The Laryngoscope — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:A predictive index using the clinicopathologic factors described in this report can effectively stratify patients into risk groups for nodal metastasis. Comprehensive management based on this risk index should improve treatment outcomes for patients with salivary gland cancer. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Outcome of hepatectomy in super‐elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatology Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Hepatectomy for HCC was a feasible option even in super elderly patients aged 80 years or older with accurate selection. (Source: Hepatology Research)

Activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase in non‐cancerous liver tissue predicts a high risk of recurrence after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatology Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: JNK activity in non‐cancerous liver tissue is considered as a reliable predictive biomarker for post‐operative recurrence in HCC. (Source: Hepatology Research)

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Immigrant patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis have a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Journal of Viral Hepatitis — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Summary. To explore the impact of the differences in baseline characteristics between immigrants with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and native‐born patients on the prognosis of advanced fibrosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 318 patients (including 128 immigrants) with CHC and advanced fibrosis attending a tertiary referral clinic. Patients’ medical records were reviewed to collect data describing immigrant status, baseline characteristics, and liver‐related clinical outcomes. Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses and Cox proportional‐hazards regression analyses were performed to explore the differences between the two groups with respect to clinical outcomes. Relative to native‐born patients, immigrant patients were older, more likely to be female, and more likely to be A...

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts and CD163‐positive macrophages in oral squamous cell carcinoma: their clinicopathological and prognostic significance

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Cancer‐associated fibroblasts and CD163‐positive macrophages may be potential prognostic predictors of OSCC. (Source: Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

An analysis of five clear cell papillary cystadenomas of mesosalpinx and broad ligament: four associated with von Hippel‐Lindau disease and one aggressive sporadic type

Histopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The VHLD‐associated cases appeared to be benign, but the sporadic case exhibited a low malignant potential. CCPCs show histological and immunophenotypical similarities with the recently reported clear cell papillary RCC, although the previously unreported apical CD10 and nuclear PAX2 expression may be related to their mesonephric origin. CCPC has a distinctive sub‐epithelial vascular pattern that is consistent with its pathogenesis. (Source: Histopathology)

Differential expression of forkhead box M1 and its downstream cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27kip1 and p21waf1/cip1 in the diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours

Histopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: FoxM1, p27kip1 and p21waf1/cip1 showed distinct immunoreactivity according to histological subtype, which may be of value as an ancillary test in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary NE tumours. (Source: Histopathology)

Arginase‐1: A novel immunohistochemical marker of hepatocellular differentiation in fine needle aspiration cytology

Cancer Cytopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that both arginase‐1 and HepPar‐1 are effective IHC markers of hepatocellular differentiation. Furthermore, arginase‐1 demonstrates superior sensitivity compared with GPC‐3 and HepPar‐1 in the diagnosis of HCC, whereas GPC‐3 demonstrates superior specificity, as staining is not observed in benign hepatocellular lesions. Hence, use of arginase‐1 with HepPar‐1 and GPC‐3 can aid in the diagnosis of HCC and separating from metastatic carcinoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer Cytopathology)

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Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of mucinous adenocarcinoma: Arborizing Stromal Meshwork Fragments as a Diagnostic Clue

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the cytopathologic findings of a case of metastatic signet‐ring cell carcinoma with abundant extracellular mucin production in the mediastinal lymph nodes of a 41‐year‐old woman, who presented with nausea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Imaging studies showed a renal mass, numerous lung nodules, and mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. EBUS‐TBNA of level 4R and 7 lymph nodes showed abundant, thick, “clean” mucus with entrapped ciliated bronchial cells, rare histiocytes, and fragments of cartilage. No neoplastic cells could be identified in Diff‐Quik®‐stained smears during the rapid on‐site evaluation, but rare signet‐ring cells were identified in the Papanicolaou‐stained smears and cellblock sections. A distinctive feature of the aspirates was...

Mediastinal seminoma: A case report with special emphasis on sall4 as a new immunocytochemical marker

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a case of mediastinal seminoma diagnosed intraoperatively by cytological examination of cystic fluid containing tumor cells.An anterior mediastinal tumor with cystic component was incidentally found in a 28‐year‐old Japanese male. Cytological examination of the cystic fluid at the time of tumor resection showed single and loose aggregates of large round to polygonal cells with large round nuclei, vesicular chromatin and nucleoli, and mild to moderate amounts of PAS‐positive cytoplasm admixed with mature lymphocytes. A diagnosis of seminoma was made intraoperatively. On subsequent immunostaining, the tumor cells showed nuclear positivity for SALL4, a recently recognized germ cell marker that, in the appropriate setting, can be helpful to distinguish germ cell tumors from oth...

Med Sci Monit 2012; 18(2):PI5-9 "The application of Levulan®-based photodynamic therapy with imiquimod in the treatment of recurrent basal cell carcinoma"

Medical Science Monitor — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Cure was achieved without any scarring and with very good cosmetic effects. Although this is the preliminary report, the presented modification of PDT seems to be reasonable and promising in treating basal-cell carcinoma. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

Follicular thyroid cancer: minimally invasive tumours can give rise to metastases

ANZ Journal of Surgery — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Currently accepted histological classification of FTC is inadequate and fails to accurately predict patients with distant metastatic disease and a more aggressive clinical course. It is thus the policy of our unit to recommend total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation for all patients with FTC. (Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery)

Increased lung cancer risk among bricklayers in an Italian population‐based case–control study

American Journal of Industrial Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsOur findings provide additional evidence of increased lung cancer risk in Italian bricklayers. The association is plausible because they are exposed to several carcinogens, notably crystalline silica. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Industrial Medicine)

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Whole-exome sequencing of human pancreatic cancers and characterization of genomic instability caused by MLH1 haploinsufficiency and complete deficiency [RESEARCH]

Genome Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study identified a total of 1517 somatic mutations and validated 934 mutations by transcriptome sequencing. We detected recurrent mutations in 56 genes. Among them, 41 have not been described. The mutation rates varied widely among cell lines. The diversity of the mutation rates was significantly correlated with the distinct MLH1 copy-number status. Exome-seq revealed intensive genomic instability in a cell line with MLH1 homozygous deletion, indicated by a dramatically elevated rate of somatic substitutions, small insertions/deletions (indels), as well as indels in microsatellites. Notably, we found that MLH1 expression was decreased by nearly half in cell lines with an allelic loss of MLH1. While these cell lines were negative in conventional microsatellite instability assay, they s...

Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma [RESEARCH]

Genome Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The tumor microenvironment of colorectal carcinoma is a complex community of genomically altered cancer cells, nonneoplastic cells, and a diverse collection of microorganisms. Each of these components may contribute to carcinogenesis; however, the role of the microbiota is the least well understood. We have characterized the composition of the microbiota in colorectal carcinoma using whole genome sequences from nine tumor/normal pairs. Fusobacterium sequences were enriched in carcinomas, confirmed by quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of 95 carcinoma/normal DNA pairs, while the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla were depleted in tumors. Fusobacteria were also visualized within colorectal tumors using FISH. These findings reveal alterations in the colorectal cancer microbiota; ...

Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma [RESEARCH]

Genome Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

An estimated 15% or more of the cancer burden worldwide is attributable to known infectious agents. We screened colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue specimens using RNA-seq followed by host sequence subtraction and found marked over-representation of Fusobacterium nucleatum sequences in tumors relative to control specimens. F. nucleatum is an invasive anaerobe that has been linked previously to periodontitis and appendicitis, but not to cancer. Fusobacteria are rare constituents of the fecal microbiota, but have been cultured previously from biopsies of inflamed gut mucosa. We obtained a Fusobacterium isolate from a frozen tumor specimen; this showed highest sequence similarity to a known gut mucosa isolate and was confirmed to be invasive. We verified overabundance of Fusobacter...

Zonation related function and ubiquitination regulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in dynamic vs. static culture conditions

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Pathways analysis, using gene and protein expression data from two cell culture models, confirmed specific human HCC phenotypes with regard to CYPs and kinases, and revealed a zonation-related pattern of expression. Ubiquitin-mediated regulation mechanism gives plausible explanations of our findings. Altogether, our results suggest that strategies aimed at inhibiting activated kinases and signaling pathways may lead to enhanced metabolism-mediated drug resistance of treated tumors. If that were the case, mitigating inhibition or targeting inactive forms of kinases would be an alternative. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)