MedWorm: Carcinosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma de novo of the parotid gland: Case report

Head and Neck — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsReview of the literature supports combined modality, surgery with postoperative radiation, as the standard of care for this malignancy, although the long‐term prognosis for these patients is unclear. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012 (Source: Head and Neck)

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Exercise Training Decreases Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Cachectic Rats

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1299694Bearing in mind that cancer cachexia is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and that endurance training has been adopted as a nonpharmacological anti-inflammatory strategy, we examined the effect of 8 weeks of moderate intensity exercise upon the balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in 2 different depots of white adipose tissue in cachectic tumour-bearing (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma) rats. Animals were assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumour-bearing (ST), sedentary pair-fed (SPF) or exercise control (EC), exercise tumour-bearing (ET), and exercise pair-fed (EPF) group. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60% VO2max) 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. The retroperitoneal (RPAT) and mesenteric (MEAT) adipose pads w...

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression measurement in uterine sarcoma and carcinosarcoma tumors.

Clinical Biochemistry — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our work is the first report on reference gene selection for RT-qPCR applications in mixed tumors, smooth muscle sarcoma and stromal sarcoma of the uterus. A ranking of candidate genes' stability values for the three types of tumors is provided and might serve as a valuable guide for future gene expression studies of these rare entities. PMID: 22266404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Biochemistry)

Pathology of endometrioid carcinoma.

Bulletin du Cancer — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article describes anatomopathological and molecular features of this disease. Type I carcinoma, the most frequent, develops in a context of hyperoestrogenia. Endometrial glandular hyperplasia is the precursor lesion. The histological type is an endometrioid carcinoma. Its prognosis is good. Type II carcinoma is less frequent. It occurs on an atrophic mucosa. It is usually a more aggressive tumor like serous adenocarcinoma, clear cells carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with a poor prognosis. Type I and type II carcinoma also present different molecular pathways. PTEN inactivation, an early event in carcinogenesis, is the most frequent abnormality in type I carcinoma. An average of 28% of type I carcinoma also acquire PI3K mutations. On the contrary, P53 mutation is involved in 90% of type II...

Carcinosarcoma of the colon: presentation of a case.

Cirugia eEspanola — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Peris Tomas N, García Lozano A, Martínez García R, Garrigós Ortega G, Martínez Abad M PMID: 22206658 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cirugia eEspanola)

Experimental model of ultrasound thermotherapy in rats inoculated with Walker-236 tumor.

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 09:32:11 +0100

CONCLUSION: The proposed model is quite simple and may be used in less sophisticated laboratory settings for studying the effects of focal hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant implanted tumours or in survival studies. PMID: 22159433 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)

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Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: A review of the literature.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian carcinosarcomas are rare and aggressive tumors, associated with a poor prognosis. The mainstay of treatment remains cytoreductive surgical effort for metastatatic disease followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. The role of targeted therapies may be promising in the treatment of OCS. PMID: 22155675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

A phase II study single agent of aflibercept (VEGF Trap) in patients with recurrent or metastatic gynecologic carcinosarcomas and uterine leiomyosarcoma. A trial of the Princess Margaret Hospital, Chicago and California Cancer Phase II Consortia.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Single agent aflibercept has modest activity in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma and minimal activity in women with carcinosarcoma. PMID: 22138373 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

A prospective blinded comparison of the accuracy of transvaginal sonography and frozen section in the assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Intraoperative FS performed better than preoperative TVS in the assessment of myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer. Despite being time-consuming, FS can be regarded as a useful modality in order to decide whether to perform lymphadenectomy in cases with poor visualization of the endometrium at TVS and when TVS gives inconclusive results. PMID: 22108256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Expression profiles of carcinosarcoma of the uterine corpus—are these similar to carcinoma or sarcoma?

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we compared the gene expression profiles of CS, EC, and uterine sarcoma (US) and evaluated the role of EMT and chromosomal aberrations in CS tumor formation. Frozen tissues of 46 patients (14 CS, 24 EC, and 8 US) were included. The similarity was examined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Fisher's exact test, and clustering using “intrinsic gene set”. We examined the expression of 39 EMT‐related genes and evaluated TGF‐beta signaling by phospho‐SMAD2/3 (p‐SMAD2/3) staining. Chromosomal regions differing between CS and EC were identified by chromosomal GSEA and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays. Three statistical methods confirmed that CS resembled US rather than EC. Acquired markers of EMT were upregulated and attenuated markers of EMT wer...

Uterine and ovarian carcinosarcomas overexpressing Trop-2 are sensitive to hRS7, a humanized anti-Trop-2 antibody

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background: We evaluated the expression of human trophoblastic cell-surface marker (Trop-2) and the potential of hRS7 - a humanized monoclonal anti-Trop-2 antibody - as a therapeutic strategy against treatment-refractory human uterine (UMMT) and ovarian (OMMT) carcinosarcoma cell lines.Materials and MethodsTrop-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues, by real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and flow-cytometry in cell lines. Sensitivity to hRS7 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity was tested using 5-hour chromium-release assays against UMMT and OMMT cells. Results: Trop-2 expression was elevated in 9 of 26 (35%) UMMT and 8 of 14 (57%) OMMT tissues tested by IHC. Positivity for Trop-2...

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Clinicopathologic Outcomes of Curative Resection for Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung.

Oncology — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results implied that surgery for sarcomatoid carcinoma must be carefully planned after extensive preoperative evaluation. Efforts should be made for accurate preoperative histological diagnosis of large peripheral tumor with exceedingly high positron emission tomography uptake. PMID: 22076573 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncology)

Experimental model of ultrasound thermotherapy in rats inoculated with Walker-236 tumor.

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 01:45:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: The proposed model is quite simple and may be used in less sophisticated laboratory settings for studying the effects of focal hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant implanted tumours or in survival studies. PMID: 21971658 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)

Clinical outcome of patients with uterine sarcomas

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although limited by small sample size and retrospective nature, ours is the only study on US being reported from India. Our results have demonstrated FIGO stage of the disease, histopathology and use of PORT to be the significant prognostic factor for survival. Use of chemotherapy in future trials is warranted. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Phase II trial of adjuvant pelvic radiation "sandwiched" between ifosfamide or ifosfamide plus cisplatin in women with uterine carcinosarcoma.

Gynecologic Oncology — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Ifosfamide "sandwiched" with RT appears to be an efficacious regimen for surgically staged CS patients with no residual disease, even in patients with advanced stage. The addition of cisplatin to the regimen added toxicity without improving efficacy. Even with ifosfamide alone, the efficacy of this 'sandwich' regimen comes with a moderate but tolerable toxicity profile. PMID: 22055846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Uterine carcinosarcoma with p53‐positive intraepithelial component

Histopathology — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Histopathology)

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Morphologic Heterogeneity in Carcinosarcoma of the Gallbladder: Report of a Rare Cases

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 22:02:00 +0100

We report a rare case of carcinosarcoma of the gallbladder in an 83-year-old male, with the carcinomatous component represented by undifferentiated carcinoma (spindle and giant cell type with osteoclastic giant cells) and the mesenchymal component seen as foci of chondrosarcoma. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and IL-6 producing carcinosarcoma of the esophagus manifesting as leukocytosis and pyrexia: a case report

Esophagus — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 15:46:03 +0100

This report describes the case of a 47-year-old Japanese man who complained of persistent fever. Hematological examination showed marked leukocytosis with neutrophilia and elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated a polypoid tumor (5 cm in length) in the thoracic esophagus, which was suggested to cause high fever. After subtotal esophagectomy, leukocyte count and CRP level rapidly decreased and the high fever disappeared. Histological examination revealed a carcinosarcoma with four components: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basaloid carcinoma, spindle/pleomorphic cell sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the spindle/pleomorphic cells were positive for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The pa...

Pelvic exenteration with curative intent for recurrent uterine malignancies.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Pelvic exenteration for recurrent uterine malignancies can be associated with long-term survival in properly selected patients. A high rate of postoperative complications remains a hallmark of this procedure and should be discussed carefully with patients facing this decision. PMID: 22014627 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Rare Cause of Stricture Esophagus—Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the literature

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 12:54:36 +0100

We report a case of malignant spindle cell tumour of oesophagus. Sarcomas of esophagus present as a polypoid exophytic soft tissue mass. Our patient presented with a stricture which is a rare presentation. Locally aggressive treatment with surgery is beneficial, and local palliative treatment including radiotherapy is worthwhile. (Source: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology)

Sarcomas of Abdominal Organs: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This article aims to review the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of these rare tumors and to help in clinical diagnosis. Various sarcomas (eg, angiosarcoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma) originating, respectively, from different abdominal visceral organs (liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, uterus, and prostate gland) are reviewed along with cases we encountered. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)

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Optimal Debulking Surgery Followed by Paclitaxel/Platinum Chemotherapy Is Very Effective in Treating Ovarian Carcinosarcomas: A Single Center Experience

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Gynecol Obstet Invest (DOI:10.1159/000323775) (Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation)

The role of cytoreductive surgery for newly diagnosed advanced-stage uterine carcinosarcoma.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreductive surgery, with a goal of achieving a complete gross resection, is associated with an improvement in OS among patients with advanced uterine CS. PMID: 21945551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

PPP2R1A mutations are common in the serous type of endometrial cancer

Molecular Carcinogenesis — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractRecently unbiased sequencing efforts identified PPP2R1A mutations in clear cell ovarian cancers (OCC). Similar mutations were also noted with high frequency in uterine serous carcinoma. Because the endometrium develops from the same developmental precursors we further examined the hypothesis that PPP2R1A mutations might also occur in diverse histologic subtypes of uterine cancer. We sequenced the PPP2R1A in 22 cell line models of uterine cancer and 10 primary cancers. We found no mutations in the cell lines originally derived from endometrioid (n = 13), undifferentiated (n = 3), clear cell (n = 1), and carcinosarcoma (n = 3) cancers. However, we found a CCC (Pro) to CGC (Arg) codon 179 mutation in the ACI‐158 serous carcinoma cell line, a CCC (Pro) to CTC (Leu) in...

Carcinosarcoma Derived From Nevus Sebaceus [DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Hypothalamic inflammation is reversed by endurance training in anorectic-cachectic rats

Nutrition and Metabolism — Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Aim: We tested the effects of a cancer cachexia-anorexia sydrome upon the balance of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus of sedentary or trained tumour-bearing (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma) rats. Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumour-bearing (ST), and sedentary pair-fed (SPF) groups or, exercised control (EC), exercised tumour-bearing (ET) and exercised pair-fed (EPF) groups. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60%VO2max) for 60min/d, 5 days/wk, for 8 wks. We evaluated food intake, leptin and cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL1beta) levels in the hypothalamus. Results: The cumulative food intake and serum leptin concentration were reduced in ST compared to SC. Leptin gene expression in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) was increas...

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Phase I feasibility study of intraperitoneal cisplatin and intravenous paclitaxel followed by intraperitoneal paclitaxel in untreated ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinoma: A gynecologic oncology group study.

Gynecologic Oncology — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This modified IP regimen which administers both IV paclitaxel and IP cisplatin on day one, followed by IP paclitaxel on day eight, of a twenty-one day cycle appears feasible and is an attractive alternative to the intraperitoneal treatment regimen administered in GOG-0172. PMID: 21820161 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Clinical presentation and diagnosis of uterine sarcoma, including imaging

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Uterine sarcomas are uncommon tumours from mesenchymal elements. They are thought to arise primarily from endometrial stroma and uterine muscle, respectively. When endometrial stroma undergoes malignant transformation, it might be accompanied by a malignant epithelial component. Thus, malignant mesenchymal uterine tumours comprise leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, undifferentiated uterine sarcoma and carcinosarcoma. In this chapter, we discusses preoperative presentation, diagnosis and current progress in different imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance image and positron emission tomography scan. We summarise advances in new technology, which might improve preoperative detection and enhance referral to gynaecologic oncologists for...

Carcinosarcoma of the bladder: case report and review of the literature.

Canadian Urological Association Journal — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Akoluk A, Barazani Y, Slova D, Shah S, Tareen B Primary osteosarcomas of the bladder account for about 0.04% of bladder neoplasms. Most of the patients in the literature expired within 6 months and, in almost all of the cases in the literature, radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy was the treatment choice. A 79-year-old gentleman presented with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy demonstrated a 2- to 3-cm tumour along the lateral wall of the bladder. The tumour was resected incompletely via initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), and a second TURBT was subsequently performed to fully resect the residual mass. Surgical pathology from these 2 resections revealed osteosarcoma with invasion into the muscularis propria. A cystoprostatectomy was performed an...

Metastatic brain sarcoma with gliomatous component

Brain Tumor Pathology — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:16:56 +0100

Abstract Here we report a metastatic brain carcinosarcoma from the uterus that posed a problem on diagnosis by containing an extensive gliomatous component. A 56-year woman developed motor aphasia 3 months after hysterectomy for a uterine tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a left frontal cystic tumor, which was treated by stereotactic radiosurgery. The lesion recurred 5 months later and was resected. Histological examination demonstrated neoplastic cells that were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), leading to the diagnosis of high-grade glioma. This lesion recurred again after 9 months, and was resected again. The tumor tissue mostly consisted of GFAP-positive gliomatous cells, but close examination identified a sarcomatous...

The Natural History and Outcomes of the Patients with Carcinosarcoma Involving Kidney and Renal Pelvis

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 17:00:37 +0100

Conclusion. CSKP commonly presented as high-grade, advanced stage disease, and was associated with a poor prognosis regardless of location. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)

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Metronomic doxifluridine chemotherapy combined with the anti‐angiogenic agent TNP‐470 inhibits the growth of human uterine carcinosarcoma xenografts

Cancer Science — Tue, 19 Jul 2011 14:56:23 +0100

(Source: Cancer Science)

Role of radiotherapy treatment of uterine sarcoma

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Uterine sarcomas are rare and, consequently, data supporting the use of adjuvant radiotherapy in uterine sarcomas consist of few randomised studies and multiple single-institution retrospective reports. It is becoming increasingly clear that each histologic subtype of uterine sarcoma is a distinct entity for which tailored treatment recommendations are needed. In this review, we analysed the effect of adjuvant radiotherapy for the main histologic subtypes of uterine sarcomas. When grouping all histologies, adjuvant radiotherapy has been shown in most studies to reduce local-regional failure without an overall survival advantage, as distant failure is the predominant pattern of relapse. Carcinosarcomas have the strongest indication for adjuvant radiotherapy, especially in early stage diseas...

Carcinosarcoma of the Uterine Corpus with Alpha-Fetoprotein-Producing Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma: A Report of Two Cases

Karger Publishers — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Case Rep Oncol 2011;4:358–362 (DOI:10.1159/000330239) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Preface

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Uterine sarcoma is a rare malignant uterine tumour. The behaviour of the three major histological types, including carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Müllerian tumour), leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma, are different. Previously, staging of uterine sarcoma made no distinction between the three types. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 staging system recommended different staging for the three types. It takes time, however, to show whether these new staging systems are appropriate. The difficulties in obtaining high levels of evidence in the study of uterine sarcoma lies with the paucity of data. Furthermore, it is not uncommon for studies to group together all types of uterine sarcoma, making analysis of individual types difficult. Recently, larger s...

Pathology of mixed Müllerian tumours

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The term ‘mixed Müllerian tumour’ applies to uterine tumours composed of epithelial and mesenchymal elements of Müllerian origin. These neoplasms are classified into adenomyomas, adenofibromas, adenosarcomas, and carcinosarcomas (malignant Müllerian mixed tumours) based on whether the epithelial and stromal elements are benign or malignant. The rare atypical polypoid adenomyoma usually involves the lower uterine segment and, on curettings, may be confused with invasive adenocarcinoma. Adenosarcomas are low-grade neoplasms classified halfway along the spectrum of mixed Müllerian tumours, with adenofibromas at one end and carcinosarcomas (malignant Müllerian mixed tumours) at the other. Some tumours currently classified as ‘adenofibromas’ on the basis of their low mitotic count ...

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Staging of uterine sarcomas

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Uterine sarcomas comprise leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, adenosarcoma, undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma, and their variants. Carcinosarcoma is historically classified as sarcoma, but it is now regarded as a metaplastic carcinoma. Uterine sarcomas are rare, and are traditionally staged in the same way as endometrial carcinoma. Because of their different clinical and biological behaviours, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics introduced a new staging system in 2009 for leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma and adenosarcoma, and carcinosarcoma, respectively. Following an extensive literature review no good evidence was found to support the modification of the staging system. This is mainly because of the rarity of the sarcomas and the heterogeneity...

Surgical treatment of uterine sarcoma

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Uterine sarcomas are rare, heterogeneous malignant tumours of several histologic types originating from mesenchymal tissues of the uterus. The most common histologic types are carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma, accounting for 90% of uterine sarcomas. To date, no effective treatment has been found to achieve a high rate of cure or prolong survival. Although complete surgical excision of the tumour is the only curative treatment modality, the rarity of these tumours and their diversity of histologic types have precluded the development of standard surgical strategies. Surgery may also be optimal for recurrent uterine sarcomas, but indications for secondary surgical treatment have not been established. Here, we describe recent changes in, and updates of, the surg...

Role of chemotherapy and biomolecular therapy in the treatment of uterine sarcomas

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Uterine sarcomas are rare, high-risk malignancies. Expert histologic review is important for accurate diagnosis. For high-grade leiomyosarcomas, the risk of recurrence is high after complete resection of uterus-limited disease; however, no adjuvant therapy has been proven to improve survival. Chemotherapy regimens with efficacy in treating advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma include gemcitabine-docetaxel, doxorubicin and ifosfamide. Uterine carcinosarcomas also carry a high risk of recurrence. Adjuvant chemotherapy is a standard approach for completely resected and metastatic carcinosarcoma. Active agents include carboplatin, cisplatin, ifosfamide and paclitaxel. (Source: Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Prognostic factors in uterine sarcoma

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Uterine sarcomas usually have an aggressive clinical behaviour, with great tendency to local and distant spread, with unfavourable clinical outcome, excluding endometrial stromal sarcomas and adenosarcoma. Tumour stage is the strongest prognostic factor for all uterine sarcomas, with 5-year survival of about 50–55% for stage I and 8–12% for more advanced stages. Multivariate analysis of some studies have shown that women with leiomyosarcoma have a poorer survival than those with carcinosarcoma. The key issues that will be discussed include the prognostic relevance of pathological and biological variables other than tumour stage in the different histological subtypes of uterine sarcoma. Immunomarkers for cell proliferation and apoptosis have been tested for the identification of tumours...

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of esophagus.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This article provides a brief overview of the clinicopathologic features and possible pathogenesis of this uncommon tumor. PMID: 21732788 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine)

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A Case Report of Urinary Bladder Carcinosarcoma and Review of the Literature

Laser Chemistry — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 13:52:31 +0100

Carcinosarcoma of the bladder is an unusual tumour characterized by a combination of malignant epithelial and soft tissue elements. Most of the reported cases have been case reports or small series. Optimal treatment is uncertain. We herein report our experience in such a case treated with transurethral resection followed by radiotherapy with adverse final outcome. Treatment of bladder carcinosarcomas should be aggressive and multimodal but optional treatment is still unknown. Radiotherapy alone is insufficient as a treatment option of these aggressive tumors. (Source: Laser Chemistry)

Molecular pathogenesis and extraovarian origin of epithelial ovarian cancer—Shifting the paradigm

Human Pathology — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 23:17:13 +0100

Summary: Recent morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic studies have led to the development of a new paradigm for the pathogenesis and origin of epithelial ovarian cancer based on a dualistic model of carcinogenesis that divides epithelial ovarian cancer into 2 broad categories designated types I and II. Type I tumors comprise low-grade serous, low-grade endometrioid, clear cell and mucinous carcinomas, and Brenner tumors. They are generally indolent, present in stage I (tumor confined to the ovary), and are characterized by specific mutations, including KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, CTNNB1, PTEN, PIK3CA, ARID1A, and PPP2R1A, which target specific cell signaling pathways. Type I tumors rarely harbor TP53 mutations and are relatively stable genetically. Type II tumors comprise high-gra...

Carcinosarcoma of the Ovary: Analysis of 13 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Oncology — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Similarly to data published in the literature, we observed that malignant mixed mullerian ovarian tumors are very aggressive and are usually diagnosed at an advanced age and at an advanced stage of disease. Therefore, due to the rarity of the tumor we would like to add our series to those already published in the literature, although our treatment recommendations are actually based upon retrospective studies with a small patient population. PMID: 21677454 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncology)

Adult renal cell carcinoma with rhabdoid morphology represents a neoplastic dedifferentiation analogous to sarcomatoid carcinoma

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with rhabdoid morphology (RCC-RM) is a recently described variant of RCC, which has an aggressive biologic behavior and poor prognosis, akin to sarcomatoid RCC. The current World Health Organization classification of RCC does not include the rhabdoid phenotype as a distinct histologic entity. The aim of this study is to investigate whether RCC-RM represents a dedifferentiation of a classifiable-type World Health Organization RCC or a carcinosarcoma with muscle differentiation. We reviewed 168 cases of RCC obtained between 2003 and 2008. From these cases, 10 (6%) were found to have areas of classic rhabdoid morphology. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, CD10, and CD117 was performed in each case using the labeled s...

Carcinosarcoma of the Ovary: Analysis of 13 Cases and Review of the Literature

Karger Publishers — Fri, 10 Jun 2011 14:16:03 +0100

Oncology 2011;80:102–106 (DOI:10.1159/000328794) (Source: Karger Publishers)

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Aural carcinoma with chondroid metaplasia at metastatic sites in a dog.

Veterinary Dermatology — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Romanucci M, Malatesta D, Marinelli A, Di Lorenzo P, Della Salda L A case of aural carcinoma with chondroid metaplasia at metastatic foci in an 8-year-old male pug is described. Multiple metastases in both lungs and the right submandibular, parotid, retropharyngeal, cervical and prescapular lymph nodes were detected. Histologically, the skin of the right ear canal appeared to be diffusely infiltrated by cords and nests of neoplastic epithelial cells, showing multifocal contiguity with the overlying hyperplastic squamous epithelium. Most of the carcinomatous cells were arranged in a glandular-like pattern, with formation of lumens containing epithelial cells attached to the peripheral cell layer by elongated intercellular bridges. Scattered foci of keratinization with central a...

Bilateral ovarian teratoma complicated with carcinosarcoma in a 68 year old woman: a case report

BMC Cancer — Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Thus the choice of initial treatment should be decided in a selective fashion depending on various prognostic factors in order to increase the survival of the patients. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Metronomic doxifluridine chemotherapy combined with the anti‐angiogenic agent TNP‐470 inhibits the growth of human uterine carcinosarcoma xenografts

Cancer Science — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryUterine carcinosarcoma is a highly aggressive gynecological neoplasm that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Metronomic chemotherapy is accepted as a new approach for cancer treatment, and its underlying mechanism seems to involve the suppression of angiogenesis. However, the efficacy of metronomic and anti‐angiogenic therapies against uterine carcinosarcoma is unknown. The anti‐angiogenic effect of doxifluridine was assessed in vitro using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) co‐cultured with FU‐MMT‐1 human uterine carcinosarcoma cells. The antitumor and anti‐angiogenic effects of metronomic doxifluridine (delivered via oral gavage) in combination with TNP‐470 were evaluated in vivo. Tumor vascularity was assessed by contrast‐en...

Current management of uterine sarcomas

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Mon, 30 May 2011 17:05:18 +0100

Abstract Uterine sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases with different pathology appearance, clinical course and natural history. They account for only 3% of all uterine malignancies. The rarity of this entity has precluded the development of large and well designed randomised clinical trials, and for this reason the current management of some aspects of this disease is based on trials or retrospective studies with a low level of evidence. For this reason, it is mandatory to develop international cooperation to carry out clinically relevant clinical trials in this field. Accordingly, based on the relative rarity of these tumours, management of these patients should be centralised and must be performed by a multidisciplinary team including gynaecologic oncologi...

A Case Report of Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma

Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer — Sat, 14 May 2011 15:25:51 +0100

DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.05.16 (Source: Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer)

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Molecular markers and clinical behavior of uterine carcinosarcomas: focus on the epithelial tumor component

Modern Pathology AOP — Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Renske A de Jong, Hans W Nijman, Tera F Wijbrandi, Anna KL Reyners, H Marike Boezen & Harry Hollema (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

A Case of Giant Bladder Carcinosarcoma without Submucosal Invasion

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Thu, 05 May 2011 16:19:26 +0100

Carcinosarcoma is a rare biphasic neoplasia containing both malignant mesenchymal and epithelial elements. Bladder carcinosarcoma commonly presented as high-grade, advanced stage, and aggressive behavior with a poor prognosis. An 83-year-old male presented with painless gross hematuria to our hospital. Cystoscopy revealed massive nonpapillary bladder tumor on the right wall. The 91 g tumor could be completely removed with transurethral resection. Histology of the tumor was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma with no submucosal invasion composed of biphasic malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Epithelial malignancy was urothelial cancer and mesenchymal one was chondrosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. The specimens taken at the second-look TUR-Bt revealed that carcinoma in situ (urothelial c...

Can MRI predict the diagnosis of endometrial carcinosarcoma?

Clinical Radiology — Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: MRI can be helpful in suggesting a diagnosis of endometrial carcinosarcoma with the help of some simple measurements. (Source: Clinical Radiology)

Primary osteosarcoma of bladder diverticulum mimicking intradiverticular calculus: a case report

Diagnostic Pathology — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We report a case of osteosarcoma of the bladder diverticulum in a 68-year old man, which clinically mimicked intradiverticular calculus. To our knowledge, this is the second case described in the literature to date, and the first in English literature. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of pyonephrosis in a patient with unknown kidney carcinosarcoma: a case report

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Seventeen cases of peritonitis due to rupture of a pyonephrosis have been reported. The majority of these cases occur secondary to renal stones. Only two cases of ruptured pyonephrosis with concurrent kidney neoplasm have been described and only one of these presented as an acute peritonitis. In this presentation we discuss an unusual case of a 68 year old man with a chronic history of bilateral nephrolithiasis and recent pyonephrosis. He presented acutely with peritonitis and was later found to have a carcinosarcoma of the kidney. The case highlights the importance of recognizing the possibility of underling renal carcinoma in patients presenting with a ruptured pyonephrosis and discuss steps to avoid this serious complication. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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L: -Carnitine induces recovery of liver lipid metabolism in cancer cachexia.

Amino Acids — Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Silvério R, Laviano A, Fanelli FR, Seelaender M Cancer cachexia causes metabolic alterations with a marked effect on hepatic lipid metabolism. L: -Carnitine modulates lipid metabolism and its supplementation has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in many diseases. In the present study, the effects of L: -carnitine supplementation on gene expression and on liver lipid metabolism-related proteins was investigated in cachectic tumour-bearing rats. Wistar rats were assigned to receive 1 g/kg of L: -carnitine or saline. After 14 days, supplemented and control animals were assigned to a control (N), control supplemented with L: -carnitine (CN), tumour-bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (TB) and tumour-bearing supplemented with L: -carnitine (CTB) group. The mRNA expression of...

Esophageal carcinosarcoma presenting as a Fever with elevated serum interleukin-6.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 20:00:03 +0100

We report a patient with esophageal carcinosarcoma who initially presented with fever. A 57-year-old man with a 4-month history of intermittent fever was referred to our hospital and diagnosed as having esophageal carcinosarcoma. High fever persisted and serum concentration of interleukin-6 was markedly elevated. In contrast, after thoracic esophagectomy, the fever subsided and interleukin-6 serum levels rapidly normalized. The clinical course of the patient suggests that the tumor produced interleukin-6 and this was associated not only with inflammation, but also the aggressive biologic behavior of the tumor. PMID: 21440168 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

Esophageal Carcinosarcoma Presenting as a Fever With Elevated Serum Interleukin-6 [CASE REPORTS]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Common Genomic Aberrations in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Carcinosarcoma of the Esophagus Detected by CGH and Array CGH.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Mon, 21 Mar 2011 22:15:54 +0100

Authors: Schaefer IM, Enders C, Polten A, Haller F, Frölich AM, Cameron S, Schüler P, Schweiger P, Gunawan B, Beham A, Füzesi L Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) and carcinosarcoma of the esophagus are rare entities, making up fewer than 2% of esophageal malignancies. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in 1 case of BSCC and 2 cases of carcinosarcoma and subsequent array CGH in 1 case each of BSCC and carcinosarcoma revealed common chromosomal gains at 2p25.3-2p12, 7q21.3-7q22.3, and 11q13.2-11q13.4. Chromosomal losses at 13q31qter were observed in both carcinosarcomas. In addition, progression of genomic instability from in situ to invasive carcinosarcoma could be demonstrated by using array CGH. Our observations suggest a common genetic origin of BSCC and carcinosarcoma....

[Clinical analysis of 12 cases of ovarian carcinosarcoma.]

Journal of Southern Medical University — Sun, 20 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian carcinosarcoma has a poor prognosis. Primary surgery and platinum-based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is the main treatment for ovarian carcinosarcoma. The prognosis of ovarian carcinosarcoma is associated with the residual disease after surgery. The patients with disease recurrence may obtain remission and survival through a secondary surgery and/or chemotherapy. Serum CA125 can be used as a marker for monitoring the chemotherapeutic effect in clinical observation and follow-up visits. PMID: 21421496 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Southern Medical University)

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Carcinosarcoma of the ovary: A case-control study.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced carcinosarcoma of the ovary have a poorer response to platinum and taxane-based first-line chemotherapy and worse survival, compared to patients with serous EOC. Aggressive surgical treatment may play an important role. However, other alternative systemic therapeutic approaches should be sought for patients with carcinosarcoma of the ovary. PMID: 21420726 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Inhibition of tumor growth by quercetin with increase of survival and prevention of cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications — Sat, 05 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of quercetin in the therapeutic treatment of cachexia and reversion of tumor growth in rats bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (W256). Rats bearing W256 were treated daily with I.P. quercetin injections, at different doses (10, 15, 25 and 35mg/kg). The results show that 10mg/kg quercetin inhibited tumor growth by about 50% (ED(50)) when compared with controls (CTR). Moreover, two animals of this group presented complete tumor regression. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression decreased in rats bearing W256 treated with 10mg/kg quercetin when compared with CTR. Thus, the inhibition of tumor growth, survival increase, decrease of MMP-2 and VEGF levels and reduction of cac...

Sarcomas of the fallopian tube: disentangling a rare entity.

Onkologie — Thu, 03 Mar 2011 03:45:04 +0100

Authors: Zagouri F, Dimopoulos MA, Thomakos N, Chrysikos D, Papadimitriou CA Sarcomas of the fallopian tube are exceedingly rare malignancies. They have been considered the most lethal of all gynaecological malignancies with high metastatic potential, frequent recurrences and cancer-related deaths. The reported pathological types of the fallopian tube sarcomas are malignant mixed mullerian (mesodermal) tumours or carcinosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, liposarcomas, and synovial sarcomas. The rarity of these sarcomas and their often aggressive clinical course has resulted in a relatively limited amount of literature. Thus a single hospital or specialist cannot gain sufficient experience with these tumours. This review article tries to elucidate this uncommon malignancy, in...

Synchronous Primary Carcinosarcoma and Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Esophagus [CASE REPORTS]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of synchronous adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma of the esophagus. The sarcomatous components were immunoreactive for vimentin. Carcinoma, sarcoma, and adenocarcinoma cells distinctively metastasized to different lymph nodes. Further investigations are required to reveal the biological behavior of the tumor. (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

Carcinosarcoma of female urethra with melanocytic differentiation.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Sun, 20 Feb 2011 16:45:03 +0100

We report an unusual case of urethral carcinosarcoma from a female patient with melanocytic differentiation. The tumor consists of a high-grade papillary serous carcinoma with psammoma bodies and a mesenchymal component with area of heterologous (cartilaginous) element. More interestingly, there are epithelioid tumor cells containing melanin pigment. On immunohistochemical stains, the epithelioid tumor cells are positive for S100, HMB45 and Mart-1, but negative for cytokeratin. This case represents an unusual carcinosarcoma with areas of melanocytic differentiation. Such rare tumors have been occasionally reported in the breast, uterus, kidney, and lung. These cases demonstrate the capacity of tumor cells to differentiate into divergent elements, supporting the concept of pluripotent tumor...

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Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with carcinosarcoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of the uterus

Journal of Neurology — Thu, 03 Feb 2011 20:51:27 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00415-011-5917-0Authors Makoto Hara, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 JapanAkihiko Morita, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 JapanSatoshi Kamei, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 JapanMai Yamaguchi, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 JapanTaku Homma, Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanNorimichi Nem...

Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after surgery for uterine carcinosarcoma.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Wed, 02 Feb 2011 16:15:07 +0100

Authors: Galaal K, Godfrey K, Naik R, Kucukmetin A, Bryant A Uterine carcinosarcomas are uncommon with about 35% not confined to the uterus at diagnosis. The survival of patients with advanced uterine carcinosarcoma is poor with pattern of failure indicating greater likelihood of upper abdominal and distant metastatic recurrence. PMID: 21249682 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Long-term recurrence-free survival in a patient with pancreatic carcinosarcoma: A case report with a literature review

Medical Oncology — Mon, 24 Jan 2011 18:03:58 +0100

Abstract Here, we presented a case of carcinosarcoma of the pancreas in a 53-year-old woman. The carcinosarcoma was in the head of pancreas. She underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. The tumor was grossly yellowish-whitish. Histologic evaluation of the tumor revealed 2 elements separated from each other. One component was conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and the other component showed sarcomatous growth pattern composed of pleomorphic spindle cells. Immunohistochemically, the adenocarcinoma component was reactive for antibodies to cytokeratin 18 and epithelial membrane antigen. The sarcomatous component was reactive for smooth muscle antibody. These findings led to a diagnosis of pancreatic carcinosarcoma. The patient was treated with gemcitabine, adriamycin, ...

Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Mon, 03 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report the case of an odontogenic carcinosarcoma in a 9-year-old girl. The tumor destroyed both lingual and buccal cortices of the right mandible. A mandibulectomy was performed, and the specimen was a fleshy fluctuant mass. Microscopic evaluation showed a biphasic appearance with malignant features of both the epithelial and fibroblastic components. The patient was never free of the disease from the point of surgery until she died 2 years 3 months later. This is the fifth case of odontogenic carcinosarcoma to be reported in the literature and the first case to be reported in a child. (Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

A case of a sporadic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the urinary bladder with concomitant in situ urothelial carcinoma treated by transuretheral resection.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sari A, Bal K, Tunakan M, Ozturk C Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the urinary bladder is a very rare clinical entity. The association of such a tumor with urothelial carcinoma is even more unusual. Differential diagnosis between coexisting two distinct primary tumors and carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is very important as both the treatment and prognosis vary widely. Herein, we report a case of an MPNST with a concomitant in situ urothelial carcinoma in a 53-year-old man. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of MPNST of the bladder that is treated by transuretheral resection which is in contrast with the previous reports that used cystectomy. PMID: 21393901 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology...

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Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics — Thu, 30 Dec 2010 00:33:45 +0100

We present a case of a healthy 9-year-old girl who presented to her general dentist for evaluation of a radiolucent lesion of the mandible extending from the distal to right mandibular first molar to the right retromolar pad area. Biopsies done at another institution were diagnosed as ameloblastoma. The lesion was treated by curettage. Several months later, she presented to an oral surgeon with a swelling of the right side of the face and associated facial asymmetry. Imaging studies revealed a lesion that again extended from the right second premolar area to the retromolar area. Perforation by tumor of both mandibular cortices was evident. A partial mandibulectomy with immediate reconstruction was performed. At this time, the lesion was diagnosed as odontogenic carcinoma. Because of the ra...

Anaplastic spindle cell carcinoma, arising in a background of an ovarian mucinous cystic tumor: a case report with clinical follow up, review of the literature.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Sun, 26 Dec 2010 11:20:02 +0100

This report demonstrated that the findings of malignant spindle cell proliferation does not imply this entity to be carcinosarcoma. The distinction of AC from true sarcomas is important because of the poorer prognosis of the later compared with the quite favorable behavior of AC. However, such existence necessitates a careful tissue sampling for the logical distinction between AC and carcinosarcoma, which is critical for planning further management and ultimately the predictor of prognosis. PMID: 21151395 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

Tissue-specific signatures of activating PIK3CA and RAS mutations in carcinosarcomas of gynecologic origin.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: While carcinosarcomas across gynecologic disease sites are histologically similar, therapeutically relevant mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways predominated in carcinosarcomas arising in the uterus. PMID: 21168197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics — Tue, 30 Nov 2010 08:28:37 +0100

We present a case out of a healthy 9-year-old girl who presented to her general dentist for evaluation of a radiolucent lesion of the mandible extending from the distal to right mandibular first molar to the right retromolar pad area. Biopsies done at another institution were diagnosed as ameloblastoma. The lesion was treated by curettage. Several months later, she presented to an oral surgeon with a swelling of the right side of the face and associated facial asymmetry. Imaging studies revealed a lesion that again extended from the right second premolar area to the retromolar area. Perforation by tumor of both mandibular cortices was evident. A partial mandibulectomy with immediate reconstruction was performed. At this time, the lesion was diagnosed as odontogenic carcinoma. Because of th...

Primary retroperitoneal carcinosarcoma in a child: a case report

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Carcinosarcoma is a rare biphasic malignancy consisting of intermixed epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Carcinosarcoma is particularly rare among children. We accepted a 7 year old patient with retroperitoneal carcinosarcoma.The tumor was totally resected and no recurrence is found 11 months after operation. Literatures has been reviewed and there are few reports of primary retroperitoneal carcinosarcoma in children up to date. So we report the patient's clinical character, surgical resection, pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Primitive Multipotential Primary Sarcoma of Bone (Polyhistioma) or Carcinosarcoma metastatic to bone?

International Journal of Surgical Pathology — Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

(No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: International Journal of Surgical Pathology)

Thyroid Carcinosarcoma in a Patient With Lung Carcinoma [DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

(No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Expression and localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin in uterine carcinosarcoma

Virchows Archiv — Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:20:12 +0100

This study was designed to analyze the subcellular localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin both of which play a critical role in cell–cell adhesion in uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). We performed an immunohistochemical reaction analysis of the subcellular localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins in 46 cases of UCSs consisting of 28 UCSs with heterologous sarcoma and 18 UCSs with homologous sarcoma and compared their clinicopathological features. In most UCSs, membranous expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin was completely lost in sarcomatous components, but it was preserved in carcinomatous components. Nuclear β-catenin expression was observed significantly more frequently in sarcomatous components (31/46, 67.4%) than in carcinomatous components (22/46, 47.8%; P = ...

Sarcomatoid neoplasms of the lung and pleura.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Travis WD Abstract Sarcomatoid neoplasms of the lung and pleura are rare tumors that present a complex differential diagnosis, making them challenging for surgical pathologists. In the lung, the main tumors are the sarcomatoid carcinomas, including pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and pulmonary blastoma. They are characterized by histologic heterogeneity; molecular data support their origin from a pluripotent stem cell that undergoes neoplastic transformation with divergent epithelial and sarcomatous differentiation. Diagnosis is difficult in small biopsy specimens and typically requires a resection specimen. Despite the presence of sarcomatoid features, these tumors are classified as lung carcinomas. Pulmonary blastomas must...

Stromal activation associated with development of prostate cancer in prostate-targeted fibroblast growth factor 8b transgenic mice.

Neoplasia — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, our data demonstrate that disruption of FGF signaling pathways by increased epithelial production of FGF-8b leads to strongly activated and atypical stroma, which precedes development of mPIN lesions and prostate cancer with mixed features of adenocarcinoma and sarcoma in the prostates of TG mice. The results suggest that increased FGF-8 in human prostate may also contribute to prostate tumorigenesis by stromal activation. PMID: 21076617 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Neoplasia)

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Introduction

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Several important conditions of the endometrium (non-neoplastic, preneoplastic, and neoplastic) will be discussed in this issue of Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology. Particular attention is given to precancerous lesions and experts in the field will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using the traditional WHO classification system and the Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia (EIN) concept. In addition, two articles will be devoted to the two main clinicopathological categories of endometrial carcinoma: type I (endometrioid carcinoma and their variants) and type II (namely serous and clear cell carcinoma). Because it is not uncommon in daily practice to encounter tumors with mixed features, we have included one chapter that discusses carcinomas exhibiting ambiguous morphologic, i...

Pathologic and molecular features of uterine carcinosarcomas

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs), formerly known as malignant mixed müllerian tumors, are uncommon neoplasias that account for (Source: Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology)

Primary or secondary laparoscopy for staging in patients with uterine sarcoma

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The role of laparoscopy for staging in patients with uterine sarcomas has not yet been defined. Although the need for lymphadenectomy in patients with uterine sarcomas is controversial, the current FIGO classification defines stage IIIC uterine sarcomas by lymph node involvement . Beside the rare non-homogeneous group of mesodermal malignancies like leimyosarcoma (LS), adenosarcoma (AS), endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) and undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas (UES), the more common carcinosarcoma (CS) has been reclassified as an undifferentiated or metaplastic form of endometrial carcinoma and should be treated like type II endometrial cancer . Uterine sarcomas have in common, that diagnosis often occurs incidentally, because many patients are asymptomatic or show uncharacteristic symp...

Micro‐RNA Signature of the Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Carcinosarcoma

The Journal of Pathology — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 17:37:12 +0100

Abstract (Source: The Journal of Pathology)

Progression of aggressive metastatic carcinosarcoma after treatment of epithelioid osteosarcoma.

Orthopedics — Mon, 06 Sep 2010 18:27:03 +0100

This article presents a fatal case of epithelioid osteosarcoma in an 11-year-old girl with right knee pain of 6 months' duration. Biopsy demonstrated morphologic findings consistent with high-grade osteosarcoma with epithelioid features. The epithelioid component was positive for vimentin and CD99; however, fluorescent in situ hybridization for the (11;22) translocation was negative. In this case, the epithelioid cells failed to respond to conventional or subsequent experimental chemotherapy for osteosarcoma and eventual metastasized to the lymph nodes and lungs despite multiple ablative surgeries. This case report supports the concept of carcinosarcoma with malignant cells lines arising from 2 different cellular lineages or a common cellular precursor. The epithelial component was more ag...

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Death-associated protein kinase is essential for the survival of various types of uterine cancer cells.

International Journal of Oncology — Sun, 05 Sep 2010 21:00:17 +0100

Authors: Tanaka T, Bai T, Yukawa K We recently showed that targeted knockdown of death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) expression induces apoptosis in the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line HHUA. To investigate the possibility that DAPK may represent a molecular target for anticancer therapies for advanced uterine cancers, we examined the effects of DAPK siRNA transfections on the viability of five different human uterine cancer cell lines. The five uterine cell lines comprised three differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas, one leiomyosarcoma and one carcinosarcoma. Cell death assays showed that the DAPK siRNA transfection significantly increased the cell death in all five uterine cancer cells examined. Ribonuclease protection assays did not show any remarkable changes in t...

[Bladder carcinosarcoma. Two case reports and a literature review]

Actas Urologicas Espanolas — Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Alvarez M, HernÃ¡ndez V, Amaruch N, Llorente C PMID: 20800042 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Actas Urologicas Espanolas)

Two cases of breast carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells: Are the osteoclastic giant cells pro-tumoural differentiation of macrophages?

Diagnostic Pathology — Sun, 22 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

We report two cases, in which OGCs appear in common microenvironment despite different tumoural histology. A 44-year-old woman (Case 1) had OGCs accompanying invasive ductal carcinoma, and an 83-year-old woman (Case 2)with carcinosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, in both cases, tumoural and non-tumoural cells strongly expressed VEGF and MMP12, which promote macrophage migration and angiogenesis. The Chalkley count on CD-31-stained sections revealed elevated angiogenesis in both cases. The OGCs expressed bone-osteoclast markers (MMP9, TRAP, cathepsin K) and a histiocyte marker (CD68), but not an MHC class II antigen, HLA-DR. The results indicate a pathogenesis: regardless of tumoural histology, OGCs derive from macrophages, likely in response to hypervascular microenvironments with secretion ...

The role of lymphadenectomy in uterine carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed mullerian tumours): a critical literature review

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 18 Aug 2010 17:39:54 +0100

Conclusions Our review data fully justifies the rationale of lymphadenectomy, which beyond staging information seems to offer a measurable survival benefit. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1649-0Authors G. Vorgias, Department of Gynaecology, Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital, Botassi 51, 18537 Piraeus, GreeceS. Fotiou, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece Journal Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnline ISSN 1432-0711Print ISSN 0932-0067 (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

Tamoxifen: Uterine carcinosarcoma in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Fri, 13 Aug 2010 05:47:51 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Adult variant of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural confirmation of a rare tumor in the sella tursica.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Mon, 09 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

We describe the diagnostic problems associated with an AT/RT arising in the sellar region in a 46-year-old female. Vimentin, keratin, synaptophysin, CD34, SMA, PLAP, GFAP, S-100, NSE, desmin, MYF-4, LCA, and CD99 were performed on tissue obtained from the paraffin block. INI1 protein expression was immunohistochemically determined on tumor tissue. Electron microscopy was performed from the tissue block. The tumor was composed of large atypical "rhabdoid" cells having macronucleoli and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD34, CD99, and reacted variably for keratin, synaptophysin, NSE, and SMA. All were negative for GFAP, S-100, desmin, MYF-4, and LCA. The tumor cells lacked nuclear expression of INI1. Electron micros...

Adrenocortical carcinosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature

Diagnostic Pathology — Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Adrenocortical carcinosarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive variant of adrenocortical carcinoma characterized by the presence of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, with the latter often showing heterologous differentiation. Due to the rarity and unusual histology, it may pose a diagnostic challenge. In order to increase awareness and identify potential diagnostic pitfalls, we report the ninth case of non-functioning adrenocortical carcinosarcoma in a 45-year-old man who presented with worsening epigastric pain and a left large retroperitoneal mass in close proximity to the body/tail of pancreas and third portion of the duodenum with displacement of the kidney without parenchymal invasion and multiple liver nodules detected by computed tomographic scan. On en bloc resectio...

Long-term outcome and natural history of uterine adenosarcomas.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The majority of women with uterine adenosarcoma present with early-stage tumors and have a favorable outcome. Despite the overall favorable prognosis for most patients, survival is only 63-69% for women whose tumors invade into the wall of the uterus and lower than 50% for disease spread beyond the uterus. PMID: 20688363 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Malignant mixed müllerian tumor with malignant neuroectodermal components (teratoid carcinosarcoma) of the ovary: Report of a case with clinicopathologic findings

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

High expressions of bcl-2 and survivin, and decreased apoptosis in uterine cervical carcinosarcoma compared to cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 16:05:35 +0100

Conclusions Cervical CS is a peculiar tumor with many different clinicopathologic characteristics from cervical SCC. Dysregulation of apoptosis may confer tumor cells of cervical CS with survival and growth advantages, and thereby facilitate the aggressive behavior of cervical CS. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1610-2Authors Xiao-Ling Gan, Sichuan University Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Secondary Hospital 20 Renmingnan Road Chengdu 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of ChinaJin-Ke Li, Sichuan University Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Secondary Hospital 20 Renmingnan Road Chengdu 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of ChinaTing-He Yu, Sichuan University Laboratory of Biomedi...

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Ovarian malignant Mullerian mixed tumor (heterologous) whose epithelial component is composed predominantly of signet ring cell carcinoma

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Fri, 23 Jul 2010 12:25:48 +0100

Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, there have been no descriptions in the English literature of MMMT composed predominantly of signet ring cell carcinoma. An MMMT in this case, should be differentiated from Krukenberg tumor, metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma, and signet ring stromal tumor. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1591-1Authors Tadashi Terada, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital Department of Pathology Miyakami 1231, Shimizu-ku Shizuoka 424-8636 Japan Journal Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnline ISSN 1432-0711Print ISSN 0932-0067 (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

Clinical Features of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma (Carcinosarcoma) of the Urinary Bladder: Analysis of 221 Cases

Sarcoma — Mon, 19 Jul 2010 05:13:12 +0100

Conclusions. Urinary bladder carcinosarcoma commonly presented as high grade, advanced stage and aggressive behavior with a poor prognosis. Emphasis on early detection, including identification of risk factors is needed to improve the outcome for patients with this malignancy. (Source: Sarcoma)

Carcinosarcomas of the Uterus Should No Longer Be Analyzed With Uterine Sarcomas. In Reply to S. Sampath et al. (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2010;76:728–734)

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics — Sat, 17 Jul 2010 06:45:05 +0100

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Sampath et al. on the role of adjuvant radiation therapy in uterine sarcomas. We would like to express some comments on certain aspects of the article. We thank the authors for confirming the role of radiation therapy in carcinosarcomas (CS) and providing additional data on its role in endometrial stromal sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and poorly differentiated tumors. In the original article by Sampath et al. , CS represented more than 50% of cases in this series, a proportion that is consistent with data from the literature. It is questionable, however, whether this subgroup of uterine cancers should have been analyzed with uterine sarcomas based on the new National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) classification. (Source: Intern...

Malignant mixed müllerian tumor with malignant neuroectodermal components (teratoid carcinosarcoma) of the ovary: Report of a case with clinicopathologic findings

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

We report a case of teratoid carcinosarcoma of the ovary occurring in a 40-year-old female. The resected tumor measuring over 20 cm in diameter consisted of cystic and solid components and was very fragile. Microscopic examination showed a heterogenous mixed tumor composed of malignant epithelial, malignant mesodermal and malignant neuroectodermal components. The cells of ganglioneuroblastoma-like area were positive for neural markers (Synaptophysin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase). There was no tumor immunoreactivity to [alpha]-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, and inhibin. In spite of aggressive combination chemotherapy and three times of laparotomy, the patient died of disease 3 years 10 months after the initial treatment. This quite rare ovari...

A Promising New Combo for a Rare Uterine Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 08 Jul 2010 18:24:40 +0100

The optimal management of carcinosarcoma of the uterus is challenging. Dr. Maurie Markman reviews a study indicating paclitaxel and carboplatin combination therapy is active against this rare cancer. Medscape Hematology-Oncology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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[Magnetic resonance imaging of ovarian carcinosarcoma: correlation to the clinicopathological findings.]

Journal of Southern Medical University — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: MRI is useful in the detection and staging of ovarian carcinosarcoma. PMID: 20650791 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Southern Medical University)

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus treated with chemoradiotherapy: report of four cases

Esophagus — Mon, 14 Jun 2010 14:22:27 +0100

Abstract Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare neoplasm. Esophagectomy with lymph node dissection has often been performed, although the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiotherapy is not yet confirmed. Four cases of esophageal carcinosarcoma who underwent chemoradiotherapy are presented. Complete response of the primary tumor was observed in one case; tumor size decreased in three cases. Two patients have been observed to be disease free, another patient died of metastatic disease, and the other had recurrence. Six cases of carcinosarcoma treated with chemoradiotherapy were retrieved from the literature and analyzed with the four cases in the current study. Reduction of the tumor was observed in seven of the ten cases. Disease progression or local recurrence was observed in th...

Sarcoma of the cervix: Natural history and outcomes.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 08 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Primary cervical sarcomas are aggressive neoplasms. The prognosis for women with cervical sarcomas is inferior to that of squamous cell and adenocarcinomas matched by stage. PMID: 20541244 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

MicroRNA signatures differentiate uterine cancer tumor subtypes.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 07 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that further understanding the miRNAs that separate these subtypes of EC will lead to biological insights into the different behavior of these tumors. PMID: 20542546 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Co-expression of GPR30 and ERβ and their association with disease progression in uterine carcinosarcoma

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 03 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In uterine CS, GPR30 and ERβ are coordinately overexpressed and expression levels increase in advanced-stage disease, supporting the involvement of alternative ERs in disease progression. (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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The Pathology of EMT in Mouse Mammary Tumorigenesis

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia — Thu, 03 Jun 2010 07:56:35 +0100

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) tumorigenesis in the mouse was first described over 100 years ago using various terms such as carcinosarcoma and without any comprehension of the underlying mechanisms. Such tumors have been considered artifacts of transplantation and of tissue culture. Recently, EMT tumors have been recognized in mammary glands of genetically engineered mice. This review provides a historical perspective leading to the current status in the context of some of the key molecular biology. The biology of mouse mammary EMT tumorigenesis is discussed with comparisons to human breast cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10911-010-9184-yAuthors Robert Darrell Cardiff, University of California, Davis Center for Comparative Medi...

Metastatic cutaneous carcinosarcoma to the tongue

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Sun, 30 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour composed of a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Carcinosarcoma metastatic to the tongue is extremely rare. An 84-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing mass on the tongue. She had a history of surgery for carcinosarcoma of the occipital skin 9 months before. An excisional biopsy of the tongue mass was performed, and the lesion was histopathologically diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. PET after diagnosis showed multiple hot uptakes in the whole body. The patient died of the disease 2 months after diagnosis. Therapies for patients with metastatic malignant tumours to the oral cavity are difficult, especially in aggressive case such as this. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of metastatic carcinosarcoma...

Phase II Evaluation of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in the Treatment of Carcinosarcoma of the Uterus: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study [Gynecologic Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 27 May 2010 22:02:00 +0100

Conclusion Paclitaxel plus carboplatin demonstrates antitumor activity against uterine carcinosarcoma with acceptable toxicity and warrants further evaluation in phase III randomized trials. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

The role of lymphadenectomy in uterine leiomyosarcoma: review of the literature and recommendations for the standard surgical procedure

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 25 May 2010 16:48:05 +0100

Abstract Uterine sarcomas are rare and aggressive gynaecologic malignancies with poor prognosis, arising from myometrial or endometrial tissue. These rare cancers can be aggressive, and account for a greatly disproportionate amount of deaths from uterine cancers. The histological uterine sarcomas classification includes carcinosarcomas (malignant mesodermal mixed tumors), accounting for 40% of cases, leiomyosarcomas (40%) and endometrial stromal sarcomas (10–15%). Each group of these tumors presents differences in diagnosis, prognostic factors, treatment, and outcome. Uterine leiomyosarcomas typically affects women in their sixth decade of life, presenting with atypical symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding and abdominal pain. The optimal treatment of uterine leiomy...

Bilateral downregulation of Nav1.8 in dorsal root ganglia of rats with bone cancer pain induced by inoculation with Walker 256 breast tumor cells

BMC Cancer — Wed, 19 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These findings suggest that Nav1.8 plays a role in the development and maintenance of bone cancer pain. (Source: BMC Cancer)

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Increased Incidence of Visceral Metastases in Scottish Patients With BRCA1/2-Defective Ovarian Cancer: An Extension of the Ovarian BRCAness Phenotype [Gynecologic Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Tue, 18 May 2010 22:01:50 +0100

Conclusion Although sporadic EOC commonly remains confined to the peritoneum, BRCA1/2-deficient ovarian cancer frequently metastasizes to viscera. These data extend the ovarian BRCAness phenotype, imply BRCA1/2-deficient ovarian cancer is biologically distinct, and suggest that patients with visceral metastases should be considered for BRCA1/2 sequencing. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Combo Promising Against Rare Uterine Cancer

Medscape Medical News Headlines — Tue, 18 May 2010 17:08:48 +0100

An outpatient regimen of paclitaxel and carboplatin has activity against carcinosarcoma of the uterus, researchers report in the April 26th online issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

Spindle cell sarcoma of esophagus: A rare case presentation

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Sun, 16 May 2010 12:46:56 +0100

We report a rare case of spindle cell sarcoma of esophagus in a 55-year-old woman, managed with radical radiotherapy alone. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Genomic profile of endometrial tumors depends on morphological subtype, not on tamoxifen exposure

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Tamoxifen has been a very effective treatment for breast cancer for several decades, however, at the same time increases the risk of endometrial cancer, especially after prolonged exposure. In addition, tamoxifen has been associated with a higher proportion of unfavorable uterine tumor subtypes (carcinosarcomas and serous adenocarcinomas) with worse survival. We investigated whether endometrial tumors, which developed after prolonged tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer, are genetically different from endometrial tumors without preceding tamoxifen exposure. Array CGH was used on archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded endometrial tumors to determine genomic aberrations. We compared the genomic profiles of 52 endometrial tumors from breast cancer patients after long-term ([ge]2 years) ta...

A phase II evaluation of weekly gemcitabine and docetaxel for second-line treatment of recurrent carcinosarcoma of the uterus: A gynecologic oncology group study.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This regimen of docetaxel and gemcitabine is not active in patients with recurrent carcinosarcoma of the uterus as second-line chemotherapy. PMID: 20452658 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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Cellular and functional evidence for a protective action of neurosteroids against vincristine chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS — Thu, 29 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Meyer L, Patte-Mensah C, Taleb O, Mensah-Nyagan AG Painful neuropathy is a major side-effect limiting cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, novel strategies are required to suppress the neuropathic effects of anticancer drugs without altering their chemotherapeutic effectiveness. By combining biochemical, neuroanatomical/neurochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral methods, we demonstrated that progesterone-derived neurosteroids including 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3alpha,5alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone suppressed neuropathic symptoms evoked in naive rats by vincristine. Neurosteroids counteracted vincristine-induced alterations in peripheral nerves including 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, neurofilament-200 kDa and intraepidermal nerve fiber repression, nerve ...

Lung carcinosarcoma

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Thu, 29 Apr 2010 21:03:11 +0100

We describe the diagnostic process and the clinical outcome of a patient with lung carcinosarcoma with several paraneoplastic syndromes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportsDOI 10.1007/s12094-010-0508-6Authors María Jesús Vidal Losada, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Servicio de Oncología Médica Avenida San Juan Bosco, 15 ES-50009 Zaragoza SpainVanessa Bernal Monterde, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Servicio de Digestivo Zaragoza SpainBeatriz Amores Arriaga, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Servicio de Medicina Interna Zaragoza SpainAna Isabel Ferrer Pérez, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa Servicio de Oncología Médica Avenida San Juan Bosco, 15 ES-50009 Zaragoza SpainSara Serrano Solares, Hospital Clínico Unive...

AACR: Nodectomy Helps in Carcinosarcoma (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 02:41:31 +0100

WASHINGTON (MedPage Today) -- Routine lymph node dissection might improve outcomes in patients with ovarian carcinosarcomas, analysis of a national database suggested. (Source: MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology)

Tamoxifen: Ovarian carcinosarcoma: 2 case reports

Reactions — Sun, 25 Apr 2010 13:08:37 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Carcinosarcoma of the vulva: A case report

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Fri, 23 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Carcinosarcoma is a well-recognized tumor even if it is an uncommon entity. Neoplasms usually occur in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, larynx and skin, and have been rarely documented in the female genital tract. This case reports a patient with a diagnosis of vulvar carcinosarcoma that has been treated with radical vulvectomy and a left inguinal lymphadenectomy but she died two months later of progressive disease. Because of the extreme rarity and severe prognosis of the tumor, we believe that this is a useful addition to the literature and might serves as a reminder to physicians that a multidisciplinary approach for management should be undertaken for treatment. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

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Hemophagocytic tumor cells in carcinosarcoma bone marrow metastasis

American Journal of Hematology — Thu, 08 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

No abstract. (Source: American Journal of Hematology)

Prognostic factors of recurrence in salivary carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, with emphasis on the carcinoma histologic subtype: a clinicopathologic study of 43 cases

Human Pathology — Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Summary: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a rare salivary gland neoplasm, especially when the malignant component is only intracapsular/minimally invasive. Moreover, only few studies have assessed the behavior of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma according to the histologic subtype. Forty-three cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma were identified over a 27-year period and subjected to a detailed histopathologic analysis. There were 13 intracapsular/minimally invasive and 30 widely invasive carcinomas. There were 15 myoepithelial carcinomas, 25 salivary duct carcinomas, 2 adenocarcinomas not otherwise specified, and 1 carcinosarcoma. There was a trend toward a higher frequency of myoepithelial carcinomas in widely invasive tumors (13/30, 43%) than in intracapsular/minimally invasive ...

An unusual tumor of the esophagus

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Mon, 22 Mar 2010 17:06:37 +0100

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus is a very rare tumor that has both epithelial and mesenchymal (sarcomatous) components. The points of interest in the presented case are the osteosarcomatous nature of the mesenchymal component, as well as the early and massive recurrence after esophagectomy despite an early pathologic stage, reflecting the fast-growing and potentially aggressive nature of these tumors. (Source: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)

Review Article: Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinomas: A Practical Overview

International Journal of Surgical Pathology — Mon, 22 Mar 2010 04:46:24 +0100

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (PSCs) are currently defined as poorly differentiated non-small-cell carcinomas containing a component with sarcoma or sarcoma-like (spindle and/or giant cell) features. They consist of 5 major histological variants, namely pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and pulmonary blastoma. The segregation of PSCs into a distinct clinicopathologic entity seems justified on the basis of morphologic, behavioral, and genotypic/phenotypic attributes. As a group, PSCs generally run an aggressive clinical course and may cause major difficulties in the differential diagnosis with other primary and secondary malignancies of the lung. At present, PSCs are believed to represent a family of carcinomas "in transition," in which ...

[Appearance of carcinosarcoma after radiotherapy for local recurrence after radical prostatectomy : Case report and review of the literature.]

Der Urologe. Ausg. A — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report about the first case of a carcinosarcoma after salvage radiation therapy for local recurrence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate years after radical prostatectomy. PMID: 20237907 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Der Urologe. Ausg. A)

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Squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma arising from a dermoid cyst-a case report and review of literature.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 20:24:03 +0100

Authors: Allam-Nandyala P, Bui MM, Caracciolo JT, Hakam A A rare case of multiple malignant tumors (poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and high grade osteosarcoma) arising in an ovarian dermoid cyst of a 55 year old female is reported. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well documented example of such an unusual combination of tumors arising in a dermoid cyst. The osteosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma appear to arise in the background of benign teratomatous environment of a dermoid cyst rather than from "pure" mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary. The tumors did not appear to have well demarcated boundaries with a junction or close intermingling of both cell types, features less favorable for collision tumor or carcinosarcoma. Despite extensive surgery with n...

A case of rapidly growing pulmonary carcinosarcoma

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:13:28 +0100

We report herein a case of rapidly growing pulmonary carcinosarcoma, a rare and highly malignant lung neoplasm characterized by a biphasic histopathological pattern consisting of both epithelial and sarcomatous components, and we also summarize the clinical features of this entity based on previously reported cases. A 65-year-old man was referred for further examination of a lung tumor after a routine chest X-ray (CXR) showed a tumor shadow in the right upper lung zone. Chest computed tomography (CT) found a 2.0 cm pulmonary mass with suspected chest wall invasion in the right upper lobe, although cytological evidence of malignancy could not be obtained despite repeated preoperative bronchoscopy. The tumor grew rapidly, indicating the possibility of lung cancer. A right upper lo...

Intraductal carcinosarcoma with a heterologous mesenchymal component originating in intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) of the pancreas with both carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells arising from IPMC cells

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 15:42:50 +0100

Carcinosarcoma of the pancreas is extremely rare and its histogenesis is still unclear. This is a report on a 64-year-old female patient with an intraductal carcinosarcoma arising from intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) in the pancreas tail. The carcinosarcoma grew as a polypoid mass within the main pancreatic duct. Histologically, the tumour consisted of adenocarcinoma covering the luminal surface of the lesion with minimal stromal invasion, and osteosarcoma occupying the stroma. Immunohistochemical and gene mutation analyses revealed that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous tumour cells of the carcinosarcoma, as well as the IPMC cells, expressed TP53 and had identical mutations in KRAS and TP53 genes, indicating that these two neoplastic components of the carcinosarcoma s...

Novel epitheliomesenchymal biphasic stomach tumour (gastroblastoma) in a 9-year-old: morphological, usltrastructural and immunohistochemical findings

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 15:42:50 +0100

This report describes a probable fourth case of this unique type of neoplasm. The present case arose in the gastric antrum of a 9-year-old boy. While similarities were evident with the other cases, there were some differences. The epithelial component was more predominant and showed more mature morphology. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial component showed immunolabelling for c-KIT and CD56. The mesenchymal component was only focally positive for CD10. Ultrastructually, desmosomes and microvilli were found supporting a truly epithelial lesion. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

The dynamics of reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy with tetra sulfophenyl-porphyrin.

Acta Physiologica Hungarica — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Clichici S, Filip A, Daicoviciu D, Ion RM, Mocan T, Tatomir C, Rogojan L, Olteanu D, Muresan A Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapy especially in skin cancer, using the systemic administration of a photosensitizer (PS), followed by the local irradiation of the tumor with visible light. The antitumor effects of PDT are determined especially by the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The 5,10,15,20-tetrasulfophenyl-porphyrin (TSPP) is a synthetic photosensitizer, which proved its efficiency in in vitro studies. Our study evaluates the effects of PDT with TSPP upon the tumor levels of ROS and upon the metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) activities on Wistar male rats bearing 256 Walker carcinosarcoma in correlation with the accumulation of PS in the tumor ...

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Alpha-fetoprotein-producing non-germ cell tumours of the female genital tract

European Journal of Cancer — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the AFP-producing non-germ cell tumours reported in different parts of the female genital tract to date. These include different types of carcinomas and carcinosarcomas of the uterus, ovary and cervix and sex cord stromal tumours of the ovary. It is important for both pathologists and oncologists to be aware of such cases and the clinicopathological distinction from germ cell tumours, as the diagnosis would affect the management plan for the patient. The reviewed cases suggest that regardless of the patient’s age when no lesion is detected in the liver and stomach of a woman whose serum AFP level is abnormally high, the female reproductive system should be examined as a possible site of AFP-producing tumour. Biochemical, physiological and pathological features of AFP...

Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatic Adenocarcinosarcoma in a Patient with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis

Seminars in Liver Disease — Sat, 20 Feb 2010 14:23:38 +0100

Semin Liver Dis 2010; 30: 107-112DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247137ABSTRACTThe authors present the case of a 48-year-old man with hepatitis B cirrhosis, who developed two primary malignant liver tumors that were morphologically distinct from each other. The first tumor was a hepatocellular carcinoma and the second tumor, detected 17 months later was a hepatic carcinosarcoma with cholangiocarcinomatous and sarcomatous components, without any hepatocellular carcinoma component. Clonality studies using microsatellite-based loss of heterozygosity (LOH) demonstrated different LOH patterns existed between the hepatocellular carcinoma and the hepatic carcinosarcoma, indicative of different clonal origins. The authors discuss the histogenesis, histopathologic diagnosis, and clinical behavior of hepatic c...

Action of tacrolimus on Wistar rat kidneys implanted with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma.

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The Tacrolimus-treated group developed a more aggressive tumor and a drug-related nephrotoxic effect. PMID: 20126896 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)

Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma: Dermoscopic and immunohistochemical features.

The Australasian Journal of Dermatology — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Upjohn E, Braue A, Ryan A A 73-year-old man presented a 9-month history of an enlarging nodule on his right temple. Dermoscopy revealed a non-pigmented lesion with ulceration, fibrosis and pale globules. An excisional biopsy was carried out and histology showed a biphasic tumour with a basal cell carcinoma like epithelial component and a dermal undifferentiated sarcoma, with pleomorphic spindle cells and numerous osteoclast-like giant cells. Based on immunohistochemistry findings, a diagnosis of primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma was made and the patient underwent wide local excision. PMID: 20148837 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Australasian Journal of Dermatology)

Long-term Recurrence-free Survival in a Patient with Primary Hepatic Carcinosarcoma: Case Report with a Literature Review

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 11:44:42 +0100

A 72-year-old man was found to have a 40 mm mass in liver segment VIII during follow-up abdominal ultrasonography for type C viral hepatitis. Abdominal ultrasound showed a well-defined mass containing a cystic component, and computed tomographic hepatic arteriography showed heterogeneous enhancement except for cystic necrosis. Under a pre-operative diagnosis of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), partial resection of liver segment VIII was performed. The encapsulated tumor consisted of a peripheral solid component with a central necrotic area. Histologically, the solid component had a two-layer structure, an HCC component in the external area and a sarcomatous component with neoplastic osteoid formation in the internal area, showing histological transition. Immunohistochemically, the ...

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Pulmonary carcinosarcoma initially presenting as invasive aspergillosis: a case report of previously unreported combination

Diagnostic Pathology — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We describe a case of primary carcinosarcoma of the lung concurrently occurring with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 66-year old patient. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

[Uterine sarcomas... or uterine carcinosarcomas?]

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Leung F, Terzibachian JJ PMID: 20079975 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction)

Micro‐RNA signature of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinosarcoma

The Journal of Pathology — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract (Source: The Journal of Pathology)

The Role of Pelvic and/or Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy in Surgical Management of Apparently Early Carcinosarcoma of Uterus

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 09:27:37 +0100

Conclusions Pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy should be performed in patients with apparently early carcinosarcoma of the uterus, especially in those with myometrial invasion >1/2 or LVSI. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1245/s10434-009-0833-6Authors Jeong-Yeol Park, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine Seoul KoreaDae-Yeon Kim, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine Seoul KoreaJong-Hyeok Kim, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine Seoul KoreaYong-Man Kim, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C...

How to deal with prognostic factors and radiotherapy results in uterine neoplasms with a sarcomatous component?

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 04:59:10 +0100

Conclusions Uterine tumours with a sarcomatous component have a poor outcome in spite of treatment in comparison to endometrial carcinoma, probably due to the higher frequency of adverse prognostic factors. In early stages tumour size was the most determining factor for OS, DFS, LRFS and DMFS. Radiotherapy significantly improved these survivals in advanced cases. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticlesDOI 10.1007/s12094-009-0424-9Authors Ángeles Rovirosa, Hospital Clínic i Universitari Radiation Oncology Department ICMHO, IDIBAPS C/Villarroel, 170 ES-08036 Barcelona SpainCarlos Ascaso, IDBAPS, Hospital Clínic i Universitari Biostatistics Unit Barcelona SpainJaume Ordi, Hospital Clínic i Universitari Pathology Department Barcelona SpainMeritxell Aren...

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Scientists Release New Data On Endometrial Cancer Therapy

Cancercompass News: Other Cancer — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Current study results from the report, 'A feasibility study of sequential doublet chemotherapy comprising carboplatin-doxorubicin and carboplatin-paclitaxel for advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma,' have been published. According to a study from the United Kingdom, Platinum compounds, taxanes and anthracyclines provide the major effective drug classes in the treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer and carcinosarcoma. (Source: Cancercompass News: Other Cancer)

A feasibility study of sequential doublet chemotherapy comprising carboplatin-doxorubicin and carboplatin-paclitaxel for advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 20:01:10 +0100

Conclusion: This regimen is generally well tolerated with encouraging efficacy. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Surgical outcome of carcinosarcoma of the gall bladder: A review.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Okabayashi T, Sun ZL, Montgomey RA, Hanazaki K Carcinosarcoma, which comprises less than one percent of all gall bladder neoplasms, is characterized by the presence of variable proportions of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Recently, several reports have described patients suffering from carcinosarcoma of the gall bladder. However, there are no large studies regarding the clinicopathologic features, therapeutic management, and surgical outcome of this disease because the number of patients who undergo resection of gall bladder carcinosarcoma at a single institution is limited. A Medline search was performed using the keywords 'gall bladder' and 'carcinosarcoma'. Additional articles were obtained from references within the papers identified by the Medline search. Optima...

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma masquerading as a cryptic disseminated malignancy.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology — Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We report a case which presented with unusual clinical features and proved cryptic until death. At autopsy, it was a stage IV lung malignancy and histopathology revealed a carcinosarcoma comprising an adenocarcinoma and an osteosarcoma with metastasis to the heart, lymph nodes, and both adrenals. To our knowledge, this is the first case of this subtype with metastasis to the heart. The present case had an unusual clinical presentation and its elusive nature towards diagnosis despite dissemination is noteworthy and unique in the literature. PMID: 19805960 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology)

Hepatic carcinosarcoma demonstrated by Ga-67 scintigraphy

Annals of Nuclear Medicine — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 03:59:26 +0100

Abstract A case of a primary hepatic carcinosarcoma, a very uncommon liver tumor in adults, demonstrated by Ga-67 scintigraphy, was reported. The liver image showed a lesion of low activity in the left lobe of the liver, whereas the Ga-67 image showed a moderate accumulation in the lesion detected by the liver scan and further indicated a high accumulation extending downwards from the hepatic lesion. An autopsy revealed that the huge abdominal tumor was composed of hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant mesenchymoma in the left hepatic lobe and in the lower part of the tumor, respectively. The Ga-67 image demonstrated these two different histological components of the tumor. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/BF03164592Authors Seishi Jinnouchi,...

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Carcinosarcoma of the duodenum: Report of a case

Surgery Today — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 01:06:53 +0100

This report describes a case of carcinosarcoma of the duodenum. Carcinosarcoma of the duodenum is a very rare tumor. A 72-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of appetite loss. Endoscopy demonstrated an irregularly depressed lesion (type 3) in the descending portion of the duodenum opposite to the ampulla of Vater. Computed tomography showed a thickened duodenal wall and swelling of the abdominal para-aortic lymph nodes. A biopsy specimen revealed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of duodenal carcinoma was made (cT3, cN1, cM1, cStage IV according to the TNM classification). A subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy and a lymph node resection were performed. On microscopic examination, adenocarcinoma cells and spindle type sarcoma cells were obse...

Carcinosarcoma of the Ovary: A Review.

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey — Thu, 24 Sep 2009 17:00:14 +0100

Page: 673DOI: 10.1097/OGX.0b013e3181b8aff3Authors: Cantrell, Leigh A. MD, MSPH *; Van Le, Linda MD + (Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey)

Carcinosarcoma of the breast: report of a case and review of the literature

Gynecological Surgery — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 18:51:58 +0100

We present a female patient with breast CS. Relevant literature is briefly reviewed. A 65-year-old-woman was admitted for the management of a palpable mass of the left breast. Mammography depicted a high-density mass with marginal irregularity and pleomorphic calcification. Subsequent excisional biopsy revealed a biphasic metaplastic breast carcinoma, and the patient underwent a left-modified radical mastectomy. The final histopathologic diagnosis was defined as a metaplastic breast carcinoma of CS type, with a squamous cell epithelial component of intermediate and mainly low-grade differentiation. Recent case series describe CS as an uncommon lesion demonstrating an intimate admixture of adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. Current data represent further evidence of the dedifferentiation the...

Therapeutic effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy for carcinosarcoma of the esophagus: two case reports and a review of the literature

Esophagus — Tue, 15 Sep 2009 21:44:48 +0100

We report two patients with carcinosarcoma of the esophagus who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and underwent curative resection. Patient 1 was a 50-year-old man with a type 2 lesion in the upper thoracic esophagus; clinical stage was T3 or partial T4N1M0. After chemoradiotherapy the tumor and the lymph nodes become smaller, and subtotal esophagectomy was performed. Patient 2 was a 66-year-old man with a protruding lesion in the lower thoracic esophagus. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy was administered, and he had a partial response. However, surgery was postponed because of pneumonia; 11 months later, tumor enlargement was confirmed and we then performed subtotal esophagectomy. The therapeutic role and effectiveness of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain unclear. We rev...