MedWorm: Cholangiocarcinoma

Pathologic observations of the duodenum in 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in a single Japanese hospital: II. malignant lesions.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

Authors: Terada T Abstract The author investigated histopathology of 615 consecutive duodenal specimens in our pathology laboratory in Japan. A computer review of the duodenal specimens was done. In cases of malignancy, histological slides were reviewed. The duodenal specimens were composed of 567 benign lesions (92%) and 48 malignant lesions (8%). The 48 malignant lesions were composed of 20 cases (42%) of primary adenocarcinoma, 10 cases (21%) of primary adenocarcinoma of ampulla Vater, 4 cases (8%) of primary squamous cell carcinoma, 1 (2%) cases of primary spindle cell carcinoma, 4 (8%) cases of carcinoid tumors, 1 (2%) case of malignant lymphoma, and 8 cases (17%) of secondary carcinoma from the pancreatic carcinoma or bile duct carcinoma. The primary adenocarcinoma (n=20) was...

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Intestinal obstruction caused by colonic metastasis from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 6 years after removal of the primary tumor: report of a case

Surgery Today — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:08 +0100

We report a case of intestinal obstruction caused by metastasis that manifested 6 years after surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The patient, a 57-year-old man, had undergone resection of the hepatic left lobe, Spiegel lobe, and extrahepatic bile duct, following which histopathological examination had confirmed the diagnosis of ICC and that the resection margins were free from disease. There had been no signs of recurrence until an increase in the CA19-9 level was detected 6 years later. Colonoscopy revealed an ulcer-like lesion and stenosis at the level of the hepatic flexure. The patient was subsequently admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and underwent right hemicolectomy with partial resection of hepatic segment V. Based on the immunohistologica...

[Pathological anatomical characteristics of Klatskin tumors : Classification, current molecular biological aspects, prognosis factors.]

Der Chirurg — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

[Pathological anatomical characteristics of Klatskin tumors : Classification, current molecular biological aspects, prognosis factors.] Chirurg. 2012 Feb 1; Authors: Munding J, Tannapfel A Abstract Klatskin tumors are a distinct subgroup of cholangiocarcinomas which are a surgical challenge due to their special localization. Different localizations do not show great differences concerning histomorphology and precursor lesions. With respect to molecular alterations there are only small differences. Accurate clinical and histomorphological diagnosis is important for therapy and especially the prediction of prognosis as well as standardized processing of the resection specimen if the carcinoma is resectable. Additionally, accurate lymph node dissection is necessary. Concerning...

[Articles] Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with or without erlotinib in advanced biliary-tract cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Although no significant difference in progression-free survival was noted between groups, the addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin showed antitumour activity and might be a treatment option for patients with cholangiocarcinoma. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

K-ras Mutation is Strongly Associated with Perineural Invasion and Represents an Independent Prognostic Factor of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma after Hepatectomy

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:11:03 +0100

Conclusions The prevalence of K-ras mutations in a considerably large cohort of ICC was 22%. K-ras mutation is strongly associated with perineural invasion phenotypically. K-ras mutation is an independent prognostic factor of ICC after hepatectomy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Translational Research and BiomarkersPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2224-7Authors Tse-Ching Chen, Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanYi-Yin Jan, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanTa-Sen Yeh, Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Journal Annals of Surgical OncologyOnline ISSN 1534-4681Print ISSN 1068-9265 (Sourc...

Predictors of pre‐transplant dropout and post‐transplant recurrence in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

Hepatology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Outcome following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and liver transplantation for perihilar CCA is excellent. Risk of dropout is related to patient and tumor characteristics and this can be used to guide patient counseling prior to enrolment. Recurrence risk is mostly associated with presence of residual cancer on explant. PSC patients do not have an independent survival advantage over de‐novo patients, but present with more favorable tumor characteristics. (HEPATOLOGY 2012.) (Source: Hepatology)

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Significance of IgG4‐positive cells in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular mechanism of IgG4 reaction in cancer tissue

Hepatology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is often accompanied by the significant infiltration of IgG4‐positive cells. Cholangiocarcinoma cells could play the role of non‐professional APCs and Foxp3‐positive regulatory cells, inducing IgG4 reactions via the production of IL‐10 indirectly and directly, respectively. (HEPATOLOGY 2012.) (Source: Hepatology)

Researchers Spot Potential Bile Duct Cancer Drug Targets

MedicineNet Cancer General — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Researchers Spot Potential Bile Duct Cancer Drug TargetsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 1/26/2012 6:06:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 1/27/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Cancer General)

Pathobiological Implications of MUC16/CA125 Expression in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma-Mass Forming Type

Karger Publishers — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 12:50:45 +0100

Pathobiology 2012;79:101–106 (DOI:10.1159/000335164) (Source: Karger Publishers)

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[Liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.]

Der Chirurg — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article summarizes the current state, recommendations and results of liver transplantation for these patients. PMID: 22273852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Der Chirurg)

Anatomical liver segmentectomy 2 for combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma with tumor thrombus in segment 2 portal branch

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The separation method of the hepatic arteries, portal veins, and bile duct is safe and feasible for a liver cancer patient with portal vein tumor thrombus. Modified selective hepatic vascular exclusion was useful to control bleeding during liver transection. Anatomical liver segmentectomy 2 using these procedures should be considered for a patient with a liver tumor located at segment 2 arising from a damaged liver. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Reappraisal of Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy as a Treatment Modality for Bile Duct and Gallbladder Cancer

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:56:09 +0100

Conclusions To obtain negative proximal and distal ductal resection margins in the biliary tract cancer, R0 resection and long-term survival can be achieved by hepatopancreatoduodenectomy. However, its adoption in patients with lymph node metastasis or adjacent organ invasion cannot be recommended. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11605-012-1826-5Authors Chang-Sup Lim, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 KoreaJin-Young Jang, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 KoreaSeung Eun Lee, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-g...

[Diagnostic Procedures and Results in Surgical Therapy for Cholangiocarcinoma.]

Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Comparable to other malignant gastrointestinal tumours, radical surgery represents the most important prognostic factor in cholangiocarcinomas; for hilar tumours, a survival advantage is seen after extended resections (trisectionectomy or liver transplantation) if compared to more limited resections. At the time of presentation, however, the stage of disease was incurable in most patients, thus accounting for the low overall resection rates. PMID: 22274918 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie)

Multicenter results of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for non-resectable primary liver tumors.

Acta Oncologica — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. Higher rates of FFLP were achieved by SBRT in the treatment of primary liver malignancies with low toxicity. PMID: 22263926 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oncologica)

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Novel Gene Mutations Associated With Bile Duct Cancer Could Lead To Targeted Treatment

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Investigators at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center have identified a new genetic signature associated with bile duct cancer, a usually deadly tumor for which effective treatment currently is limited. Their report, which has been published online in The Oncologist, finds that growth-enhancing mutations in two related genes may account for nearly a quarter of bile duct tumors arising within the liver, presenting the possibility that drugs targeting this mutation could represent a new strategy to control tumor growth... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

High level of urokinase plasminogen activator contributes to cholangiocarcinoma invasion and metastasis.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: uPA expression correlates with lymphatic invasion and metastasis in vivo and is required for CCA cell invasion in vitro, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. PMID: 22294827 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Mucin‐producing cholangiocarcinoma might derive from biliary tree stem/progenitor cells located in peribiliary glands

Hepatology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Hepatology)

Immunohistochemical analysis of the mTOR pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Neoplasma — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 04:30:02 +0100

In conclusion, our results showed high prevalence of activation of mTOR pathway in ICC tumors, suggesting that a high proportion of ICC patients might benefit from mTOR pathway targeted therapies. In addition, p-4EBP1 phosphorylation at Thr 70 could be a useful prognostic biomarker for ICC patients. Keywords: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, mTOR pathway, phosphorylation, targeted therapy, prognosis. PMID: 22248270 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Neoplasma)

Novel gene mutations associated with bile duct cancer

ScienceDaily Headlines — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 19:36:36 +0100

Investigators have identified a new genetic signature associated with bile duct cancer, a usually deadly tumor for which effective treatment currently is limited. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

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Construction and characterization of a chimeric antibody to L1 cell adhesion molecule in an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma model.

exp Mol Med — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee ES, Jeong MS, Singh R, Jung J, Yoon H, Min JK, Kim KH, Hong HJ Abstract Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), a malignant tumor derived from the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium, has a poor prognosis and is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapeutic strategies for this disease. We previously found that L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an important role in tumor progression of ICC, and we generated a murine mAb, A10-A3 (IgG1), that binds to the Ig1 domain of L1CAM. In the present study, we further characterized A10-A3, constructed a chimeric A10-A3 antibody (cA10-A3) containing the constant regions of human IgG1, and evaluated the therapeutic potential in a human ICC xenograf...

Improvement in Perioperative and Long-term Outcome After Surgical Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Results of an Italian Multicenter Analysis of 440 Patients [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma has improved with decreased operative risk despite a more aggressive surgical policy. Long-term survival after liver resection has also increased, despite the inclusion of cases with more advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Preoperative biliary drainage was a safe strategy before right or right extended hepatectomy in patients with jaundice. Pathologic factors independently predicted overall and disease-free survival at multivariate analysis. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Oncological Efficiency Analysis of Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Primary and Metastatic Cancer: A Single-Center UK Experience [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our data support the safety and oncological efficiency of laparoscopic resection for liver malignant neoplasms. Adequate patient selection and extensive experience in hepatic and laparoscopic surgery are essential prerequisites to optimize outcomes. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

The Loss of Thymosin Beta 10 Increases Cell Migration of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:28:56 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

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Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 is an Unfavorable Prognostic Factor in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 16:56:38 +0100

Conclusion MMP-7 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with resected IHCC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1813-2Authors Teijiro Hirashita, Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanYukio Iwashita, Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanMasayuki Ohta, Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanYoko Komori, Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanHidetoshi Eguchi, Department of Surgery I, Oita Univer...

Fulminant cryptosporidiosis after near-drowning: first detection of a human Cryptosporidium parvum strain implicated in invasive gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma in an experimental model.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study is the special interest considering the exposure of a large number of humans and animals to this waterborne protozoan, highly tumorigenic when inoculated in a rodent model. PMID: 22247151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

Epidemiological survey of biomarkers of hepatitis virus in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas

Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The high prevalence of HBV biomarkers in ECC strongly supports the notion that HBV infection may be a risk factor for ECC. The high frequency of HBxAg expression suggests its important role in the pathogenesis of bile duct neoplasm. (Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Gallstones and cholecystectomy in relation to risk of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

British Journal of Cancer AOP — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: H Nordenstedt, F Mattsson, H El-Serag & J Lagergren (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)

A fibrous stromal component in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals a cholangiocarcinoma‐like gene expression trait and EMT

Hepatology — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We suggest that the fibrous stromal component in HCC may contribute to the acquisition of CC‐like gene expression traits in HCC. The expression of stem cell‐like traits and TGF‐β/EMT molecules may play a pivotal role in the aggressive phenotyping of S‐HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2012.) (Source: Hepatology)

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Helicobacter pylori in Thai patients with cholangiocarcinoma and its association with biliary inflammation and proliferation

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present findings suggest that H. pylori, especially the cagA‐positive strains, may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases, especially CCA through enhanced biliary cell inflammation and proliferation. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

The diagnosis and treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a report of 136 cases

The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:27:49 +0100

Conclusion To combine cholangiopancreatography, ultrasonography and Burke T-staging have practical value for assessment for tumour resectability. To resect a piece of wedge hepatic tissue but not total segment I might gain the effect of increasing curative resection and reserving segment I hepatic tissue. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 11-14DOI 10.1007/s10330-011-0898-0Authors Zhengming Lei, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000 ChinaZhengjiang Zheng, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000 ChinaJing Li, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, 646000 ChinaQiu Li, Department of Hepatobiliary Sur...

Correlation between promoter methylation of p14ARF, TMS1/ASC, and DAPK, and p53 mutation with prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background To study the methylation status of genes that play a role in the p53-Bax mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and its clinical significance in cholangiocarcinoma.Patients and Methods Out of 36 cases cholangiocarcinoma patients from April 2000 to May 2005 were collected.Promoter hypermethylation of DAPK, p14ARF, and ASC were detected by methylation-specific PCR on cholangiocarcinoma and normal adjacent tissues samples. Mutation of the p53 gene was examined by automated sequencing. Correlation between methylation of these genes and/or p53 mutation status with clinical characteristics of patients was investigated by statistical analysis.Results We found 66.7% of 36 cholangiocarcinoma patients had methylation of at least one of the tumor suppressor genes analyzed. p53 gene mutation was f...

Longterm outcome of photodynamic therapy compared with biliary stenting alone in patients with advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Sun, 08 Jan 2012 20:27:47 +0100

Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy with stenting resulted in longer survival than stenting alone. Early PDT after diagnosis and multiple PDT treatments were shown to have survival benefits. Metal stent patency was longer in patients receiving PDT. Higher T‐stage appears to be a predictor of early mortality in advanced bile duct cancer treated with PDT. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Early phase detection of bile leak after hepatobiliary surgery: value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography

Abdominal Imaging — Mon, 02 Jan 2012 16:54:19 +0100

Conclusions Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography is a highly reliable technique for the detection of bile leaks after hepatobiliary surgery and may avoid the use of other, potentially risky invasive diagnostic techniques. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00261-011-9834-6Authors Alvaro Alegre Castellanos, Radiodiagnosis and Imaging Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avenida de Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, SpainJuan Felix Molina Granados, Unidad Central de Radiodiagnóstico de la Comunidad de Madrid, Hospital del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, SpainJose Escribano Fernandez, Radiodiagnosis and Imaging Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avenida de Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, SpainInmaculada Gallardo Muñoz, Radi...

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Distinctive expression of CD133 between intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct and bile duct adenocarcinomas

Hepatology Research — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Loss of CD133 expression supports the hypothesis that IPNB is a counterpart of pancreatic IPMN with a differing carcinogenesis from conventional bile duct adenocarcinomas. (Source: Hepatology Research)

[Transgastric-, Transhepatic Endosonography-guided Biliary Drainage (EUCD) in a Patient with Locally Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma.]

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report on a 63-year-old female patient with locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract. She was admitted with progressive obstructive jaundice, initiating cholangitis and distinctive itching. The biliodigestive anastomosis was secondarily barred by tumour infiltration and not accessible via an endoscopic route. Because the patient asked expressively for internal drainage, we successfully performed an endosonography-guided transgastric, transhepatic internal biliary drainage (EUCD). The jaundice and itching were regredient and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. PMID: 22222795 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie)

[Stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver primary and metastases: The Lille experience.]

Cancer Radiotherapie — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: CyberKnife(®) is a promising technique, well tolerated, with tumoral local control rates comparable to other techniques. Its advantage is that it is very minimally invasive delivered as an outpatient procedure in a frail population of patient (disease, age). PMID: 22209710 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cancer Radiotherapie)

Ars2 is overexpressed in human cholangiocarcinomas and its depletion increases PTEN and PDCD4 by decreasing microRNA‐21

Molecular Carcinogenesis — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractDue to the lack of effective diagnostic tools, most patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have no chance of surgical resection. Ars2 is a protein that was reported to be important for microRNA (miR) biogenesis, and its depletion can reduce the levels of several miRs, including miR‐21, which is overexpressed in CCAs. We hypothesized that Ars2 was also present in CCAs and could be an early diagnostic marker. In our experiments, Ars2, PTEN, PDCD4, and miR‐21 were evaluated in 18 CCAs and paired normal tissues. ShArs2, miR‐21 mimics, and Ars2 were transfected into CCA and bile duct epithelial cells either alone or together. Cell proliferation, tumorigenicity analysis and expression changes of Ars2, PTEN, PDCD4, and miR‐21 were evaluated. We found that both Ars2 and miR‐21 we...

The AIB1 oncogene enhances human cholangiocarcinoma growth and chemoresistance by simultaneous activation of Akt and Nrf2 pathways

Hepatology — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:AIB1 plays an important role in proliferation and chemoresistance of CCA through simultaneous activation of Akt and Nrf2 pathways, suggesting that AIB1 is a potential molecular target for CCA treatment. (HEPATOLOGY 2011.) (Source: Hepatology)

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Expression of microRNAs, miR‐21, miR‐31, miR‐122, miR‐145, miR‐146a, miR‐200c, miR‐221, miR‐222, and miR‐223 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and its prognostic significance

Molecular Carcinogenesis — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMicroRNAs are a class of non‐coding molecules found to regulate a variety of cellular functions in health and disease. Dysregulation of microRNAs is involved in liver disease, especially hepatocarcinogenesis. Since primary hepatic malignancies are typically characterized by late diagnosis, frequent recurrence, and poor response to adjuvant therapy, there is a need for the discovery of novel biomarkers in order to achieve earlier diagnosis, predict tumor aggressiveness and response to adjuvant therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of certain microRNAs (miR‐21, ‐31, ‐122, ‐145, ‐146a, ‐ 200c, ‐221, ‐222 and ‐223) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), as well as to assess their prognost...

Imaging of cholangiocarcinoma.

Cancer Imaging — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 17:24:03 +0100

Authors: Morana G, Dorigo A Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary tumor of the liver that arises from bile duct epithelium after hepatocellular carcinoma. Most such tumors are adenocarcinomas. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare tumor (2:100,000) with a slight male prevalence in people older than 65 years. Its incidence is increasing although there are no clear reasons for this. Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma are primary sclerosing cholangitis, hepatolithiasis, choledocal cysts, liver fluke, and abnormal biliopancreatic junction. A higher prevalence of positive anti-hepatitis C virus has been reported to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Cholangiocarcinomas have been classified as intrahepatic (peripheral: 25%) and extrahepatic (perihilar (50%) or distal ...

Progranulin and cholangiocarcinoma: another bad boy on the block!

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer that may develop in any portion of the biliary tree and is characterised by a bad prognosis and virtually no response to chemotherapy.1 2 In Western countries the incidence of intrahepatic CCA is progressively growing while that of extrahepatic CCA is stable or slightly decreasing.3 A number of recent studies have investigated the agents and mechanisms modulating the proliferation of CCA cells including growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides and hormones.4 In their paper published in this issue of Gut, Frampton et al5 provide compelling evidence that progranulin (PGRN) represents a new growth factor for CCA. The expression and secretion of PGRN is upregulated in CCA cell lines and human CCA biopsies, and this is in part occurs via interleukin 6 (IL-6)...

Interleukin-6-driven progranulin expression increases cholangiocarcinoma growth by an Akt-dependent mechanism

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Evidence is presented for a role for progranulin as a novel growth factor regulating cholangiocarcinoma growth. Specific targeting of progranulin may represent an alternative for the development of therapeutic strategies. (Source: Gut)

What an endoscopist should know about immunoglobulin-G4-associated disease of the pancreas and biliary tree

Endoscopy — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Endoscopy 2012; 44: 66-73DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291540Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-associated cholangitis (IAC) are the recently recognized pancreatobiliary manifestations of IgG4-associated systemic disease (ISD). Clinically, ISD of the pancreas and/or biliary tree may mimic pancreatic cancer, sclerosing cholangitis, or cholangiocarcinoma. Patients often present with abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, itch, and biochemical signs of pancreatitis and cholestasis. Tomography may reveal enlargement of the pancreas or may mimic malignant pancreatic lesions, and cholangiopancreatography may disclose irregularities of the pancreatic duct and stenoses of the distal and/or proximal common bile duct and intrahepatic bile ductules. Serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is elevated in most patie...

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Measurement of IgG4 in bile: a new approach for the diagnosis of IgG4-associated cholangiopathy

Endoscopy — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study demonstrates that bile IgG4 measurement is possible and may help to distinguish IAC from other diseases. [...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Endoscopy)

Apoptosis Mechanism of Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells Induced by Bile Extract from Crocodile.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kang JH, Zhang WQ, Song W, Shen DY, Li SS, Tian L, Shi Y, Liang G, Xiong YX, Chen QX Abstract Animal bile is popularly used as a traditional medicine in China, and bile acids are their major bioactive constituents. In the present study, effects of bile extract from crocodile gallbladder on QBC939 cell growth, cell cycle, and apoptosis were investigated by MTT assay, inverted microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, PI single- and FITC/PI double-staining flow cytometry, and western blotting. Our data have revealed that bile extract inhibited cells growth significantly, and the cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase. Bile extract induced QBC939 cell apoptosis, which was associated with collapse of the mitochondrial mem...

Immunization with aspartate‐β‐hydroxylase–loaded dendritic cells produces antitumor effects in a rat model of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Hepatology — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 03:04:35 +0100

Conclusion: These findings suggest that immunization with ASPH‐loaded DCs may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, because this protein also appears to be highly conserved and expressed on human hepatobiliary tumors. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;55:86–97) (Source: Hepatology)

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for Differentiating Between Hepatocellular and Cholangiocellular Carcinoma.

Ultraschall in der Medizin — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: HCC and ICC differ to some extent in their CEUS enhancement pattern. Incomplete arterial hyperenhancement is more often seen in ICC than in HCC. A rim sign seems to be specific for ICC, but is only rarely present. However, in a case-to-case decision, due to overlapping characteristics, a reliable differentiation between the two tumor types by CEUS alone is very often not possible. PMID: 22194045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ultraschall in der Medizin)

Radiofrequency ablation for postoperative recurrences of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Chinese Journal of Cancer Research — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 19:52:15 +0100

Conclusion This study showed RFA may effectively and safely manage RICC with 3-year survival of 37.5%. It provides a treatment option for these RICC patients who lost chance for surgery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 295-300DOI 10.1007/s11670-011-0295-9Authors Ying Fu, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 ChinaWei Yang, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Ultrasound, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 ChinaWei Wu, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translati...

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Phase III study evaluates addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin for advanced biliary-tract cancer

NeLM - News — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Lancet Oncology Area: News According to the results of a study published early online in the Lancet Oncology, the addition of erlotinib to chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin does not increase progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with advanced biliary-tract cancer. The authors note that combination treatment with gemcitabine and a platinum-based agent is considered the standard first-line treatment for advanced biliary-tract cancer. Prognosis is however still poor, with overall survival <12 months when patients with locally advanced disease are included. The EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, either alone or in combination, has shown promising results in Phase II studies of patients with advanced biliary cancer; this was the basis of the curren...

Malignant versus benign hepatic masses in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: MR differential diagnosis

Abdominal Imaging — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:42:51 +0100

Conclusion MR imaging is very useful for differential diagnosis of malignant vs. benign hepatic masses in patients with RPC. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00261-011-9833-7Authors Hyo Won Eun, Health Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaJung Hoon Kim, Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehang-no, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 KoreaSeong Sook Hong, Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 657 Hannam-Dong, Youngsan-Ku, Seoul, 140-743 KoreaYoung Jae Kim, Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 657 Hannam-Dong, Youngsan-Ku, Seoul, 140-743 Korea Journal Abdominal ...

Frequent Mutation of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and IDH2 in Cholangiocarcinoma Identified Through Broad-Based Tumor Genotyping.

The Oncologist — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Borger DR, Tanabe KK, Fan KC, Lopez HU, Fantin VR, Straley KS, Schenkein DP, Hezel AF, Ancukiewicz M, Liebman HM, Kwak EL, Clark JW, Ryan DP, Deshpande V, Dias-Santagata D, Ellisen LW, Zhu AX, Iafrate AJ Abstract AbstractCancers of origin in the gallbladder and bile ducts are rarely curable with current modalities of cancer treatment. Our clinical application of broad-based mutational profiling for patients diagnosed with a gastrointestinal malignancy has led to the novel discovery of mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in tumors from a subset of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 287 tumors from gastrointestinal cancer patients (biliary tract, colorectal, gastroesophageal, liver, pancreatic, and small intestine carcinoma) were tested...

Bile duct carcinoma over a choledochal cyst.

Cirugia eEspanola — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pastor Pérez P, Gonzalez Valverde FM, Pastor Quirante FA, Terol Garaulet E, Albarracin Marin-Blazquez A PMID: 22177716 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cirugia eEspanola)

Possible utility of MRI using Gd-EOB-DTPA for estimating liver functional reserve

Journal of Gastroenterology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 16:31:37 +0100

Conclusion EOB-MRI represents a practical and reliable imaging technique that may be used to estimate regional liver functional reserve in the clinical setting. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article—Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00535-011-0513-8Authors Tohru Utsunomiya, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, 13-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanMitsuo Shimada, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, 13-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanJun Hanaoka, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, 13-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanMami Kanamoto, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, 13-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanTetsuya Ikemoto, D...

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Surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: experience improves resectability

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 09:25:01 +0100

Conclusions: Although R0 resection can be achieved in only a minority of patients, these patients have a reasonable chance of longterm survival. The last decade has seen a significant rise in rates of resectability of Klatskin's tumour at specialty centres. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Predictive factors for cholangiocarcinoma associated with hepatolithiasis determined on the basis of Japanese Multicenter study

Hepatology Research — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Choledocoenterostomy and liver atrophy may increase the risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma. Choledocoenterostomy is thus contraindicated in patients with hepatolithiasis. An aggressive resection strategy is recommended for an atrophic segment. (Source: Hepatology Research)

Reappraisal of Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage Tract Recurrence After Resection of Perihilar Bile Duct Cancer

World Journal of Surgery — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 07:20:46 +0100

Conclusions We think that the risk of PTBD tract recurrence after resection of perihilar BDC is not negligible but is much lower than previously reported. There is no definitive reason to avoid PTBD when it is indicated. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1364-4Authors Shin Hwang, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaGi-Won Song, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaTae-Yong Ha, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaYoung-Joo Lee, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaKi-Hun Ki...

Macrophage-capping protein as a tissue biomarker for prediction of response to gemcitabine treatment and prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma.

Journal of Proteomics — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, CapG was identified as a novel candidate biomarker to predict response to gemcitabine treatment and survival in cholangiocarcinoma. PMID: 22155129 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Proteomics)

Role of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Surgery Today — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:40:16 +0100

Conclusions Low DPD mRNA expression was related to macroscopic type and associated with poor prognosis. DPD mRNA expression in tumor cells is suggested to be an important regulator of malignant behavior in IHCC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00595-011-0054-zAuthors Yuji Morine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanMitsuo Shimada, Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanTohru Utsunomiya, Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 7...

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The impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation on the tumor burden prior to liver transplantation in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma

Liver Transplantation — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe very early experience with liver transplantation (LT) for cholangiocarcinoma (CC) was dismal due to poor survival outcomes and high recurrence rates. However, recently, neoadjuvant chemoradiation LT for CC has shown encouraging results although data are extremely limited. At our institution, as of 2008, 22 CC patients received protocol orthotopic LT at a median age of 45 years (24‐63). At a median follow‐up of 601 days (111‐1388), the median survival of the cohort was 3.3 years. One‐, 2‐, and 3‐year Kaplan‐Meier survival probability was 90%, 70%, and 63%, respectively, compared with historical 5‐year survival rates of 0‐18% for intrahepatic CC and 23‐26% for extrahepatic CC when transplanted without neoadjuvant therapy. Such encouraging survival rates for th...

Is mandatory ICU stay needed after liver transplantation? Feasibility of fast tracking to the surgical ward after liver transplantation

Liver Transplantation — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we report on the largest single center experience demonstrating feasibility of by‐passing ICU stay after LT. © 2011 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. (Source: Liver Transplantation)

Targeting PDGFR‐β in Cholangiocarcinoma

Liver International — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsTargeting PDGFR‐β sensitizes CCA cells to apoptotic stimuli and appears to be therapeutic in vivo. (Source: Liver International)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis and malignancy

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Gastroenterology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Cholangiocarcinoma complicates primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in approximately 10% of cases, but no risk factor that can identify this subgroup of patients is known. No imaging modalities or serum tumour markers that can diagnose early cholangiocarcinoma are available, but endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with brush cytology is recommended when clinically indicated. Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant therapy is carried out in specialist centres in cases of limited stage cancer. Transplantation should also be considered in patients with biliary dysplasia without evident tumour. Gallbladder polyps in PSC are often malignant, and liberal indication for cholecystectomy is recommended. Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in 2%–4% of patients with end-stage liver disease. Patients...

Pathology of liver tumours

Surgery (Medicine Publishing) — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The liver is an important site for both primary and metastatic tumours. In non-cirrhotic patients, the commonest hepatic presentation of malignant disease is metastasis from other sites, most commonly colon, lung, stomach, pancreas and breast. In patients with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma is the most likely cause of hepatic malignancy, and is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. The malignant cells of hepatocellular carcinoma show differentiation resembling hepatocytes. There is a strong link with chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis of any cause, although an unusual slow growing variant of hepatocellular carcinoma called fibrolamellar carcinoma does not show these associations. Cholangiocarcinoma is adenocarcinoma arising in a bile duct, and is usually of unknown cau...

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Malignant liver tumours

Surgery (Medicine Publishing) — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Malignant liver tumours can be primary or secondary. The most common primary malignant liver tumours are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHC), while the colorectal and neuroendocrine liver metastases account for the majority of secondary tumours.HCC tends to arise in patients with cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis or alcohol. Diagnosis is usually made on a raised α-fetoprotein and CT and MRI. Treatment options include hepatic resection, transplantation, percutaneous ablation and transarterial chemo-embolization. Treatment is dependent on the Child’s status of the patient, extent of liver disease and the presence of metastatic disease.IHC accounts for 10% of cholangiocarcinomas. Risk factors include primary sclerosing cholangitis and choledoch...

MicroRNA down‐regulated in human cholangiocarcinoma control cell cycle through multiple targets involved in the G1/S checkpoint

Hepatology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that miR‐494 is down‐regulated in CCA and that its up‐regulation induces cancer cell growth retardation through multiple targets involved in the G1‐S transition. These findings support the paradigm that miRs are salient cellular signaling pathway modulators, and thus represent attractive therapeutic targets. miR‐494 emerges as an important regulator of CCA growth and its further study may lead to the development of novel therapeutics. (HEPATOLOGY 2011) (Source: Hepatology)

Introduction

Diagnostic Histopathology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The reviews in this mini-symposium highlight a number of recent advances in liver histopathology. These include neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. New developments in liver imaging and surveillance of cirrhotic patients are resulting in increased understanding of the development of primary liver cancers. Two reviews focussing on malignant liver neoplasms discuss recent advances in early hepatocellular carcinoma and in cholangiocarcinoma. The two reviews on non-neoplastic disease describe a pot pourri of miscellaneous medical conditions that may challenge the diagnostic pathologist, and present an overview of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. (Source: Diagnostic Histopathology)

Cholangiocarcinoma – new concepts and classifications

Diagnostic Histopathology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: This review describes the evolving concepts of cholangiocarcinoma, from a single, relatively rare tumour to an increasing and diverse group of adenocarcinomas. It is based on the entities described in the 4th edition (2010) of the WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. The biliary tree shares its embryological origin with the pancreatic duct, and the pathology of tumours of the large bile ducts closely resembles that of the pancreatic duct. Thus the cholangiocarcinomas that arise from large intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts are usually highly infiltrative and desmoplastic, with frequent early dissemination and perineural infiltration. Other tumours include intraductal papillary neoplasia, and cystadenoma with ovarian-like stroma, and biliary dysplasia has been r...

Clinical characteristics of liver fibrosis in patients with choledochal cysts

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our data suggest that liver fibrosis is mainly influenced by obstructive cholangiopathy rather than refluxed pancreatic secretion. Prognosis of patients with CC and liver fibrosis was as good as that of patients without fibrosis. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

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Portal Vein Stenosis: A Rare Yet Clinically Important Cause of Delayed-onset Ascites after Adult Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: Two Case Reports

Transplantation Proceedings — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We present 2 cases of delayed onset portal vein stenosis in adult deceased donor liver transplantation (ADDLT). The first patient presented with refractory ascites twelve months after ADDLT. He was diagnosed and successfully treated with percutaneous transhepatic portovenography and venoplasty. The second patient had a history of irradiation to his portal bed in the setting of cholangiocarcinoma. He developed refractory ascites and esophageal variceal bleeding >2 years after ADDLT. He underwent percutaneous transhepatic portovenoplasty, but eventually required placement of a portal stent due to continued problems with recurrent ascites. These 2 cases highlight the importance of considering portal vein stenosis in the differential diagnosis of late-onset ascites following liver transplantat...

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma arising in chronic advanced liver disease and the cholangiocarcinomatous component of hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma share common phenotypes and cholangiocarcinogenesis

Histopathology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The carcinogenesis of ICC arising in CALD and the ICC component of HC‐CC, each showing similar features, may involve hepatic progenitor cells. (Source: Histopathology)

Two distinct pathways of carcinogenesis in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Histopathology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Bile ducts in PSC show two distinct dysplasia–carcinoma sequences as evidenced by differences in cell morphology, growth patterns, immunophenotypes and grade of malignancy. (Source: Histopathology)

Cytotoxic lasiodiplodin derivatives from the fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum.

Archives of Pharmacal Research — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Buayairaksa M, Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Moosophon P, Hahnvajanawong C, Soytong K Abstract Chemical investigation of fungal biomass of the fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum led to the isolation of new natural products (3R),(5S)-5-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (1), 6-oxode-O-methyllasiodiplodin (2), in addition to five known compounds, de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), lasiodiplodin (4), (3R),(5R)-5-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (5), ergosterol (6), and ergosterol peroxide (7). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by a modified Mosher's method. Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma, KKU-M139, KKU-M156, and KKU-M213 cell lines with IC(50) values in the range of 14-19 μg/mL, ...

Gastrointestinal Neoplasia Associated with Bowel Parasitosis: Real or Imaginary?

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 23:54:38 +0100

Several parasitic species are well known to have carcinogenic properties, namely; Schistosoma hematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) and the liver flukes Opisthorchis and Chlonorchis (cholangiocarcinoma). A large number of parasites are known to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. We sought to review the evidence that implicates these parasites in gastrointestinal neoplasia. Schistosoma japonicum, which is endemic primarily in east Asia, has been shown in multiple studies to convey a mildly increased risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The data supporting a causative role for Schistosoma mansoni in colorectal or other neoplastic processes are less convincing, limited primarily to small case-control studies and case series. Reports of possible associations between other gastroi...

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Immunodetection of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is restricted to tissue macrophages in normal rat liver and to recruited mononuclear phagocytes in liver injury and cholangiocarcinoma

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 18:40:43 +0100

Abstract It has been suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin synthesis is associated with liver inflammation and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to identify the cellular source of COX-2 expression in different stages, from acute liver injury through liver fibrosis to cholangiocarcinoma (CC). We induced in rats acute and “chronic” liver injury (thioacetamide (TAA) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)) and CC development (TAA) and assessed COX-2 gene expression in normal and damaged liver tissue by RT-PCR of total RNA. The cellular localization of COX-2 protein in liver tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry as well as in isolated rat liver cells by Western blotting. The findings were compared with those obtained in human cirrhotic liver tis...

Clinical impact of lymph node dissection in surgery for peripheral-type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Surgery Today — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 22:20:27 +0100

Conclusions Curative surgery might improve the prognosis of patients with PP-IHCC, but routine LN dissection is not recommended, particularly for patients without LN metastasis. Surgery alone, including LN dissection, cannot control this type of tumor, and additional treatment should be given. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00595-011-0057-9Authors Yuji Morine, Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanMitsuo Shimada, Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 JapanTohru Utsunomiya, Department of Surgery, Institute of Hea...

A Case of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Marked Mucus Production

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after a 14‐year follow‐up of a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis

Hepatology Research — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 08:00:32 +0100

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the life‐threatening complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). However, the incidence of ICC in Japanese PSC patients is low, and the association between the development of ICC and morbidity duration of PSC is largely unknown. Here, we describe a case of ICC that developed after a long‐term follow‐up of a patient with PSC and ulcerative colitis (UC). At the age of 10 years, the patient was first diagnosed with UC and its remission was achieved with systemic steroid therapy. Since then, he was routinely followed‐up. At the age of 19 years, laboratory tests showed abnormalities in liver function parameters, and the patient was diagnosed with PSC. Although treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid improved the abnormalities in...

Differentiation of multiple types of pancreatico-biliary tumors by molecular analysis of clinical specimens

Journal of Molecular Medicine — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 17:59:55 +0100

Abstract Timely and accurate diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is critical in order to provide adequate treatment to patients. However, the clinical signs and symptoms of PDAC are shared by several types of malignant or benign tumors which may be difficult to differentiate from PDAC with conventional diagnostic procedures. Among others, these include ampullary cancers, solid pseudopapillary tumors, and adenocarcinomas of the distant bile duct, as well as inflammatory masses developing in chronic pancreatitis. Here, we report an approach to accurately differentiate between these different types of pancreatic masses based on molecular analysis of biopsy material. A total of 156 bulk tissue and fine needle aspiration biopsy samples were analyzed using a ded...

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Combined Hepatocellular–Cholangiocarcinoma Had Poor Outcomes after Hepatectomy Regardless of Allen and Lisa Class or the Predominance of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cells within the Tumor

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 06:50:50 +0100

Conclusions CHC had poor outcomes after hepatectomy regardless of Allen and Lisa class or the predominance of ICC cells within the tumor. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Hepatobiliary TumorsPages 1-9DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2150-0Authors Shun-ichi Ariizumi, Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, JapanYoshihito Kotera, Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, JapanSatoshi Katagiri, Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, JapanMasayuki Nakano, Division of Pathology, Ofuna Chuo Hospital, Kanagawa, JapanMasakazu Yamamoto, Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical Univ...

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptors in Most Gastroenteropancreatic and Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:The numerous GIP receptors in gastroenteropancreatic and bronchial NET represent novel universal molecular targets for clinical applications, in particular for in vivo scintigraphy and targeted radiotherapy. These results may also be the basis for multiple targeting, with concomitant use of GIP, somatostatin, and GLP-1 analogs as radiotracers. PMID: 22112810 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Biliary Drainage to Reduce Bilirubin for Administration of Chemotherapy

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Purpose: To describe outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous biliary drainage to reduce total serum bilirubin level for administration of chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 647 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous biliary drainage between September 2001 and December 2008. In 168, the indication for biliary drainage was to decrease total serum bilirubin level to permit administration of chemotherapy. Of these, 20 were excluded because they had hepatic arterial infusion pumps, leaving 148 patients as the study group. The primary diagnoses for these patients were gallbladder cancer (n = 23), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 21), pancreatic cancer (n = 36), and other metastatic cancers (n = 68). Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed for demographic data, procedur...

Radiofrequency Ablation of Hepatic Metastases After Curative Resection of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

American Journal of Roentgenology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Percutaneous RFA results in effective local tumor control and may prolong survival in patients with recurrent hepatic metastases after curative resection for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Free radicals enzymatically triggered by Clonorchis sinensis excretory-secretory products cause NF-κB-mediated inflammation in human cholangiocarcinoma cells.

International Journal for Parasitology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nam JH, Moon JH, Kim IK, Lee MR, Hong SJ, Ahn JH, Chung JW, Pak JH Abstract Chronic clonorchiasis, caused by direct and continuous contact with Clonorchis sinensis worms and their excretory-secretory products, is associated with hepatobiliary damage, inflammation, periductal fibrosis and even development of cholangiocarcinoma. Our previous report revealed that intracellular reactive oxygen species were generated in C. sinensis excretory-secretory product-treated human cholangiocarcinoma cells; however, their endogenous sources and pathophysiological roles in host cells were not determined. In the present study, we found that treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma cells with excretory-secretory products triggered increases in free radicals via a time-dependent activation of ...

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Expression of Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein in carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater

Virchows Archiv — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 16:51:51 +0100

Abstract Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) has emerged as a significant metastatic suppressor in a variety of human malignancies. We have recently demonstrated that reduced expression of RKIP is significantly associated with invasion and metastasis in periampullary carcinomas, including pancreatic carcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, and extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated RKIP expression in ampulla of Vater (AoV) carcinoma and investigated its prognostic significance. Immunostaining for RKIP was performed for 80 and 21 cases with primary and nodal metastatic AoV carcinoma, respectively. RKIP expression was reduced in 32.5% (26/80) and 66.7% (14/21) of primary and nodal metastatic AoV carcinoma cases, respectively. This distribution of RKIP expre...

Expression of E-Cadherin and β-Catenin in Two Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines (OZ and HuCCT1) with Different Degree of Invasiveness of the Primary Tumor.

Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 22:18:03 +0100

Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that E-cadherin and β-catenin have been studied in detail in these two cell lines. These data seem to be very promising in terms of adding insight into the cell biology of CC and initiating investigations that aim to identify cytoskeletal dynamics and ultimately provide guidelines for developing new therapeutic strategies. PMID: 22075503 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science)

Polysomy and p16 deletion by fluorescence in situ hybridization in the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary strictures

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: FISH significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy of brush cytology in indeterminate biliary strictures. In our series, the addition of 9p21 deletion to FISH polysomy and cytology further improved sensitivity. This suggests that 9p21 deletion may be added to the diagnostic criteria in indeterminate strictures. (Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)

L1 cell adhesion molecule and epidermal growth factor receptor activation confer cisplatin resistance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells

Cancer Letters — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. We previously generated chemoresistant ICC (SCKR) cells and showed that AKT and ERK signaling conferred cisplatin resistance. Here, we report that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) conferred cisplatin resistance in SCKR cells in an additive fashion. Activation of EGFR connected to AKT and ERK signaling pathways may induce anti-apoptosis and promote cell proliferation, while L1CAM promoted cell proliferation by mainly activating ERK signaling. Inhibition of EGFR activation or L1ACM greatly sensitized the cells to cisplatin. EGFR and L1CAM may be important targets for ICC therapy. (Source: Cancer Letters)

Debate continues over which method we should prefer for the preoperative biliary decompression in cases with hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Journal of Gastroenterology — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 06:35:29 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00535-011-0496-5Authors Yücel Üstündağ, Zonguldak Karaelmas University School of Medicine, 67600 Kozlu, Zonguldak, TurkeyFatih Boyvat, Department of Radiology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Journal Journal of GastroenterologyOnline ISSN 1435-5922Print ISSN 0944-1174 (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology)

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Reply to the letter by Yucel Üstündağ et al. regarding “Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage is most suitable for preoperative management in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma”

Journal of Gastroenterology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 12:48:38 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00535-011-0497-4Authors Hiroshi Kawakami, Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 JapanMasaki Kuwatani, Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 JapanEiichi Tanaka, Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, JapanSatoshi Hirano, Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Journal Journal of GastroenterologyOnline ISSN 1435-5922Print ISSN 0944-1174 (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology)

Phase I clinical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of KOS-862 (Epothilone D) in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphoma

Investigational New Drugs — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 17:56:19 +0100

Conclusion KOS-862 was well tolerated with manageable toxicity, favorable PK profile, and the suggestion of clinical activity. The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 100 mg/m2 weekly 3-on/1-off. MTBF can be demonstrated in PBMCs of patients exposed to KOS-862. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory PHASE I STUDIESPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10637-011-9765-7Authors Jason Konner, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USARachel N. Grisham, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USAJae Park, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Can...

E/N-cadherin switch mediates cancer progression via TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

British Journal of Cancer AOP — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

E/N-cadherin switch mediates cancer progression via TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, November 8, 2011. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.452 Authors: K Araki, T Shimura, H Suzuki, S Tsutsumi, W Wada, T Yajima, T Kobayahi, N Kubo & H Kuwano (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)

Pancreatic cancer risk variant ABO rs505922 in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Krawczyk M, Mihalache F, Höblinger A, Acalovschi M, Lammert F, Zimmer V Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate an association between the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and the ABO variant rs505922 (known to increase pancreatic cancer risk) in a large cohort of European individuals with CCA. In total, 180 individuals with CCA and 350 CCA-free controls were included. The ABO variant rs505922 was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Association between this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and CCA was tested in contingency tables. Neither allele distributions nor association tests and regression analysis provided evidence for an increased risk of CCA among carriers of the ABO variant (all P > 0.05). Nevertheless, we documented ...

Photodynamic Therapy for Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:09:39 +0100

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a rare primary malignancy of the biliary tract with a dismal prognosis. Curative resection can only be applied to a small proportion of early diagnosed patients. Palliative biliary drainage by either percutaneous or endoscopic insertion of endoprostheses improves quality-of-life by reducing pruritis, cholangitis, and pain, but has been reported to improve survival time only slightly. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new local, minimally invasive palliative strategy for unresectable CC. PDT uses a photosensitive molecule that accumulates in proliferating tissue such as tumors. Activation of the photosensitizer by use of light of a specific wavelength generates reactive oxygen species leading to selective tumor-cell death. After ...

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New Topic Page: Bile Duct Cancer

What's New on MedlinePlus — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 20:55:51 +0100

Visit the new MedlinePlus Health Topic page on Bile Duct Cancer. Your liver makes a substance called bile that helps with digestion. Your gallbladder stores it until you need it to digest fat. Then your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine... (Source: What's New on MedlinePlus)

How to Avoid Postoperative Liver Failure: A Novel Method

World Journal of Surgery — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 05:49:31 +0100

Conclusions This technique induced rapid growth of the FLR, greater than that reported with portal vein occlusion alone. It represents a promising advance in oncological liver surgery that readdresses the current management of patients with primarily unresectable liver disease. Such a revolutionary strategy allows a two-stage surgical approach during a single hospital stay and without PLF. However, further research is needed to determine the long-term outcomes of this technique and to explain the occurrence of such enhanced liver regeneration. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1331-0Authors Eduardo de Santibañes, Liver Transplant Unit & General Surgery Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Juan D. Perón 4190, C1181ACH Buenos Aires...

MedlinePlus: Bile Duct Cancer

NLM General Announcements — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 05:14:41 +0100

(Source: NLM General Announcements)

The H4 histamine receptor agonist, clobenpropit, suppresses human cholangiocarcinoma progression by disruption of epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis

Hepatology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Modulation of H4HR by clobenpropit disrupts EMT processes, ECM breakdown, and invasion potential and decreases tumor growth. Interruption of tumorigenesis and invasion by histamine may add to therapeutic advances for CCAs. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;) (Source: Hepatology)

Umbilical metastatic deposit from recurrent cholangiocarcinoma: F18-FDG PET-CT findings.

Singapore Medical Journal — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We describe the F18-FDG PET-CT features of umbilical metastatic nodule in recurrent cholangiocarcinoma. It is sometimes difficult to detect the lesions when they present with non-specific soft tissue thickening on routine CT imaging. F18-FDG PET-CT would probably render these lesions easier to detect and interpret. PMID: 22173264 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Singapore Medical Journal)

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Prognostic factors after pancreatoduodenectomy for distal bile duct cancer.

The American Surgeon — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Qiao QL, Zhang TP, Guo JC, Zhan HX, Zhao JX, Liu YC, Wan YL, Leng XS, Zhao YP Abstract Prognostic factors influencing long-term survival after radical resection for distal bile duct cancer have not been well established because of the rarity of this malignancy. The goal of this study was to identify main prognostic factors in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for distal bile duct carcinoma. A retrospective study consisting of 122 patients with distal bile duct cancer who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in three major university hospitals was performed to identify the main prognostic factors. Major surgical complications occurred in 40 patients (32.8%), of whom eight died (6.6%) in the hospital. Overall actuarial survival (excluding hospital deaths) at 1-, 3-, and 5...

Heat Shock Proteins 27 and 70 Are Potential Biliary Markers for the Detection of Cholangiocarcinoma.

The American Journal of Pathology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sato Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Yasaka T, Nakanuma Y Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma often is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Thus, it is necessary to establish sensitive screening methods that would allow cholangiocarcinoma and preferably its precursor lesion [biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN)] to be detected. We sought to clarify the usefulness of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and HSP70 as biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma and have used immunohistochemical analyses of hepatolithiatic livers to characterize HSP27 and HSP70 expression during the multistep cholangiocarcinogenesis process. HSP27 and HSP70 were measured in serum and bile samples via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In hepatolithiatic tissue, the expression of HSP27 and HSP70 was increased in BilIN as well as i...

Bilateral kidney preservation by volumetric-modulated arc therapy (RapidArc) compared to conventional radiation therapy (3D-CRT) in pancreatic and bile duct malignancies

Radiation Oncology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: RapidArc allows significant dose reduction, in particular for homolateral kidney and bowel, while maintaining target coverage. This would have a promising impact on reducing toxicities. (Source: Radiation Oncology)

Waitlist survival of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis in the model for end‐stage liver disease era

Liver Transplantation — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 05:42:03 +0100

AbstractThe ability of the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score to capture the urgency of transplantation may not be generalizable to patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) because these patients face unique risks of death or removal from the liver transplant waitlist due to disease‐specific complications (eg, repeated bouts of bacterial cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma). We constructed Cox regression models to determine whether disease‐based differences exist in waitlist mortality before liver transplantation. We compared the times to death or withdrawal from the waitlist due to clinical deterioration among patients with or without PSC in the United States after the implementation of the MELD allocation score. Over an 8‐year period, 14,073 non‐PSC patient...

Myofibroblast‐derived PDGF‐BB promotes hedgehog survival signaling in cholangiocarcinoma cells

Hepatology — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: MFB‐derived PDGF‐BB protects CCA cells from TRAIL cytotoxicity by a Hh‐signaling–dependent process. These results have therapeutical implications for the treatment of human CCA. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;) (Source: Hepatology)

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Better imaging versus better value: striking a balance in confocal laser endomicroscopy

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 20:50:57 +0100

Suspicious pancreaticobiliary strictures are not easy to diagnose. Conventional methods of obtaining cytopathologic specimens by ERCP can confidently rule out malignancy in only about half of cases. This leads to a delay in diagnosis and repeat testing. When the final cytopathologic report comes back negative for cancer or nondiagnostic because of insufficient cells, a few possible scenarios follow. A patient may undergo a repeat ERCP with cholangioscopy and/or EUS-guided FNA, if available. If there is a high suspicion for a resectable cholangiocarcinoma, a patient may undergo surgery without the benefit of tissue diagnosis. Among patients who are candidates for chemotherapy, oncologists typically require tissue diagnosis before initiating treatment. In the meantime, patients face angst wh...

Liver Transplant: Reaching the Half Century

Clinics in Liver Disease — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 20:44:51 +0100

Although the pioneering efforts of Dr Tom Starzl in liver transplant date back to the early 1960s, liver transplantation has become such a critical element in the management of patients with liver disease that it is sobering to reflect that its widespread use is still relatively recent after a NIH Consensus Conference in 1983 endorsed liver transplantation in patients with advanced liver disease. Similarly, the Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) has become common parlance for assessing the severity of liver disease, although it was adopted by the United Network for Organ Sharing for organ allocation within the last 10 years. The role of liver transplantation for a number of controversial indications has become better defined during the same period of time including cholangiocarcinoma,...

Transplantation for Cholangiocarcinoma

Clinics in Liver Disease — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 20:44:51 +0100

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary hepatic neoplasm that arises from malignant transformation of the biliary epithelium. Chronic biliary tree inflammation as occurs in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a risk factor for the development of CCA. Surgical resection and liver transplantation following neoadjuvant therapy in patients with early extrahepatic CCA are the only potentially curative modalities. Biliary stenting, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and photodynamic therapy are palliative treatment options for patients who are not surgical candidates. Liver transplantation following neoadjuvant therapy is an effective therapy for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma that is unresectable or arising in the setting of PSC. (Source: Clinics in Liver Disease)

The Role of Liver Transplantation for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Single-Center Experience

Karger Publishers — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Eur Surg Res 2011;47:218–221 (DOI:10.1159/000332827) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Liver Parasite Lacks Key Genes For Fatty Acid Synthesis: Genome Sequencing Of Clonorchis Sinensis

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 07:00:00 +0100

The human liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis affects more than 35 million people in South East Asia and 15 million in China. Infection by this parasite causes clonorchiasis. Repeated or chronic infection can lead to serious disease of the liver, gall bladder or bile ducts, including the frequently fatal bile duct cancer - cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The complete genome sequence the genome of C... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Hepatic artery reconstruction first for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma bismuth type IIIB with contralateral arterial invasion: a novel technical strategy

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Sun, 23 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This new technique allows a R0 resection to be achieved in patients with Bismuth type IIIB hilar CC with contralateral arterial involvement. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Clinicopathological Differences Between Peripheral Type and Hilar Type

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 05:57:07 +0100

Conclusions Clinicopathological characteristics are almost similar between patients with PICC and HICC. Nodal involvement is a potent prognostic factor for patients with ICC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1730-4Authors Yoshiaki Murakami, Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 JapanKenichiro Uemura, Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 JapanTakeshi Sudo, Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiros...

Deregulation of Hippo kinase signalling in Human hepatic malignancies

Liver International — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThese data show that Yap induction mediated by inactivation of Lats is observed in hepatic malignancies. These studies highlight Hippo kinase pathway as a novel therapeutic target for hepatic malignancies. (Source: Liver International)

Using the modern Silverhawk™ atherectomy catheter to characterize biliary structures that appear malignant: review of initial experience

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 10:16:51 +0100

Conclusions: The SA catheter appears to be a useful adjunct in diagnosing patients with biliary pathology. The existence of this technique, predicated on tissue architecture, may impact therapy, allow more timely diagnosis, and exclude cases of equivocal cytology. Although the initial results of SA use are promising, more experience is required to effectively determine its clinical accuracy. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation of Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinomas: A Retrospective Study

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 06:00:46 +0100

Conclusion SRFA is effective in the treatment of unresectable ICC even if the tumor is large and located close to major vessels. SRFA shows a survival benefit compared to other palliative treatment options and may also be considered as the first-line local treatment of ICCs in selected patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical InvestigationPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00270-011-0288-6Authors Marion Haidu, Clinic of Radiology, Department of Microinvasive Therapy (SIP), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaGeorg Dobrozemsky, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaPeter Schullian, Clinic of Radiology, Department of Microinvasive Therapy (SIP), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35,...

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Effect of surfactant on 5-aminolevulinic acid uptake and PpIX generation in human cholangiocarcinoma cell.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, non-ionic surfactants, pluronic F68 (PF68) and Tween 80 (TW80), were used to address this limitation. The human CC cell line, HuCC-T1, was cotreated with ALA and different concentrations of surfactants for 4h. The effect of surfactants was evaluated by monitoring the uptake of ALA, the fluorescence intensity of PpIX, and the cell survival rate after suitable light irradiation. Cotreatment with the surfactant resulted in an increased intracellular ALA level, PpIX formation, and phototoxicity. PMID: 22024407 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics)

Choledochal Cyst and Associated Malignant Tumors in Adults: A Multicenter Survey in South Korea [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Associated biliary malignant tumor should always be considered in patients with choledochal cyst, especially in aged patients or patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union or an elevated tumor marker level. Lifelong follow-up is needed even after complete cyst excision because of the risk of the development of a metachronous biliary malignant tumor. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Accuracy and disagreement of CT and MRI for the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules: Role of biopsy

Hepatology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The non‐invasive diagnosis of HCC or HGDN can be obtained if arterial enhancement and washout are found in a single dynamic imaging examination. These findings are frequently discordant on both CT and MRI, supporting the place of biopsy for diagnosis of small HCCs. (HEPATOLOGY 2011.) (Source: Hepatology)

Accuracy and disagreement of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules: Role of biopsy

Hepatology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The noninvasive diagnosis of HCC or HGDN can be obtained if arterial enhancement and washout are found in a single dynamic imaging examination. These findings are frequently discordant on both CT and MRI, supporting the place of biopsy for the diagnosis of small HCCs. (HEPATOLOGY 2011) (Source: Hepatology)

Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Users of Bisphosphonates and Other Antiresorptive Drugs Against Osteoporosis

Calcified Tissue International — Sat, 15 Oct 2011 15:46:35 +0100

Abstract We studied the association between bisphosphonate use and risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in a nationwide retrospective cohort from Denmark. All users of bisphosphonates and other drugs against osteoporosis between 1996 and 2006 (n = 103,562) were used as the exposed group, with three age- and gender-matched controls from the general population (n = 310,683) as the nonexposed group. The main outcome was occurrence of cancer of the esophagus, ventricle, small intestine, colon, pancreas, gallbladder or bile duct, or liver. Except for colon cancer, most of the GI cancers were rare. For clodronate and raloxifene, no excess risk was present for any of the GI cancers. For alendronate, an excess risk of esophageal and liver cancer was observed; ho...

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Right Trisectionectomy with Principle En Bloc Portal Vein Resection for Right-Sided Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: No-Touch Technique

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 06:08:41 +0100

Conclusions Right trisectionectomy with en bloc portal vein and bile duct resection is feasible and may enhance chance for R0 resection and a better late outcome, especially in cases when portal vein is microscopically involved. Although described in 1999, there are few detailed descriptions of this procedure, and to the best of our knowledge, no multimedia articles are available. This video may help oncological surgeons to perform and standardize this challenging procedure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article – Hepatobiliary TumorsPages 1-2DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2072-xAuthors Marcel Autran Machado, Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Division, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFabio F. Makdissi, Department of Gastroenterology, Sur...

Resection of perihilar biliary schwannoma

Surgical Oncology — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 00:45:02 +0100

Conclusion: Schwannomas are uncommon tumors, which very rarely arise from the biliary tract and cause biliary obstruction. Exploration is indicated in order to establish the diagnosis and to render definitive treatment. (Source: Surgical Oncology)

Effect of 103Pd radioactive stent on caspase-9, cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and its radiosensitivity

Surgical Oncology — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 00:45:02 +0100

Conclusion: 103Pd radioactive stent can activate caspase-9 gene to induce apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cell, inhibit its growth and enhance its radiosensitivity. (Source: Surgical Oncology)

Impact of Bile Acids on the Growth of Human Cholangiocarcinoma via FXR

Journal of Hematology and Oncology — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The imbalance of ratio of free and conjugated bile acids may play an important role in tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. FXR, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, may mediate the effects induced by the bile acids. (Source: Journal of Hematology and Oncology)

Role of Kasai procedure in surgery of hilar bile duct strictures.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The Kasai procedure combined with biliary stents may be appropriate for patients with hilar biliary stricture that cannot be managed by standard surgical methods. PMID: 22072856 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

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Extensively spreading intraepithelial bile duct carcinoma causing multiple bile duct strictures: Report of three cases

Surgery Today — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:59:18 +0100

Abstract Extensive intraepithelial spread of bile duct carcinoma is a common feature, seen in approximately 18% of all cases. However, this spread is rarely accompanied by bile duct strictures. We herein describe three cases of bile duct carcinoma with multiple bile duct strictures due to extensive intraepithelial spread. In all three cases, the spread of intraepithelial cancer extended into the epithelium of the peribiliary glands along the intrahepatic bile ducts with marked fibrosis on histopathological examination. It is speculated that peribiliary gland involvement by superficially spreading bile duct cancer and subsequent obstructive glandular inflammation with fibrosis might cause intrahepatic bile duct strictures even without interstitial cancer invasion. Cont...

Oncological Superiority of Hilar En Bloc Resection for the Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 05:45:50 +0100

Conclusions In patients with central bile duct carcinomas, hilar en bloc resection is oncologically superior to conventional major hepatectomy, providing a chance of long-term survival even in advanced tumors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Hepatobiliary TumorsPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2077-5Authors Peter Neuhaus, Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, GermanyArmin Thelen, Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, GermanySven Jonas, Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, GermanyGero Puhl, Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Berlin, GermanyTimm...

Liver Transplantation in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-center Experience.

Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Apart from the common complications that can occur with any transplantation, liver transplantation remains the most-promising solution for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma among the available ones, and represents a cornerstone in managing hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the only acceptable option for complete eradication of both the disease and the predisposing factor. PMID: 21967259 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental and Clinical Transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation)

High‐grade dysplasia of the cystic duct margin in the absence of malignancy after cholecystectomy

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: High‐grade dysplasia at the cystic duct margin without evidence of invasive gallbladder cancer is rare. Patients with this finding should undergo cross‐sectional imaging and a diagnosis of an underlying cholangiocarcinoma should be considered, especially if imaging reveals any abnormalities. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Shotgun proteomics of human bile in hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Proteomics. Clinical Applications — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2011, 11, 2134–2138, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000653 (Source: Proteomics. Clinical Applications)

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Cholangiocarcinoma in Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography and Fascioliasis in Endoscopic Ultrasonography

Karger Publishers — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2011;5:569–577 (DOI:10.1159/000333229) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Immunomodulation of inducible co‐stimulator (ICOS) in human cytokine‐induced killer cells against cholangiocarcinoma through ICOS/ICOS ligand interaction

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 08:21:41 +0100

CONCLUSION: ICOS can enhance the cytotoxic effect of CIK cells against cholangiocarcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. This effect is mediated by ICOS‐augmented cytokine secretion and cell proliferation, and in part through ICOS‐ICOSL interaction. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

High‐dose ursodeoxycholic acid increases risk of adverse outcomes in patients with early stage primary sclerosing cholangitis

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The increased risk of adverse events with UDCA treatment when compared with placebo is only apparent in patients with early histological stage disease or normal total bilirubin. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Melatonin exerts by an autocrine loop antiproliferative effects in cholangiocarcinoma; its synthesis is reduced favoring cholangiocarcinoma growth

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating biliary cancer. Melatonin is synthesized in the pineal gland and peripheral organs from serotonin by two enzymes, serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT). Cholangiocytes secrete neuroendocrine factors, including serotonin-regulating CCA growth by autocrine mechanisms. Melatonin exerts its effects by interaction with melatonin receptor type 1A/1B (MT1/MT2) receptors. We propose that 1) in CCA, there is decreased expression of AANAT and ASMT and secretion of melatonin, changes that stimulate CCA growth; and 2) in vitro overexpression of AANAT decreases CCA growth. We evaluated the 1) expression of AANAT, ASMT, melatonin, and MT1/MT2 in human nonmalignant and CCA lines and control and CCA biopsy samples; 2)...

miR‐25 targets TRAIL death Receptor‐4 and promotes apoptosis resistance in cholangiocarcinoma

Hepatology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These data implicate elevated miR‐25 levels in the control of tumor cell apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma. The identification of the novel miR‐25 target DR4 provides a mechanism by which miR‐25 contributes to evasion of TRIAL‐induced cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2011.) (Source: Hepatology)

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miR‐25 targets TNF‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptor‐4 and promotes apoptosis resistance in cholangiocarcinoma

Hepatology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These data implicate elevated miR‐25 levels in the control of tumor cell apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma. The identification of the novel miR‐25 target DR4 provides a mechanism by which miR‐25 contributes to evasion of TRAIL‐induced cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2011) (Source: Hepatology)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Medicine — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 18:52:24 +0100

Abstract: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic liver disease caused by diffuse inflammation and fibrosis that can involve the entire biliary tree. The progressive pathological process obliterates intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, ultimately leading to biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hepatic failure.The cause is unknown but it is closely associated with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis, which occurs in about 70% of cases. Approximately 5–10% of patients with total ulcerative colitis will have co-existing PSC.Clinical symptoms include fatigue, intermittent jaundice, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain and pruritus. The clinical course of PSC is variable. Serum biochemical tests usually indicate cholestasis...

Hepatobiliary tumours

Medicine — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 18:52:24 +0100

Abstract: The major malignant hepatobiliary cancers comprise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma. HCC has a high incidence in the developing world (Asia and sub-Saharan Africa) and a less common, but rapidly increasing cause of death in the West. The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is also increasing. The major risk factors for HCC include chronic hepatitis B and C infection and any type of chronic liver disease. Vaccination at birth against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an effective prevention strategy. Patients may present with abdominal pain and weight loss or with hepatic decompensation in the presence of chronic liver disease, but the condition is increasingly being diagnosed by ultrasound screening in asymptomatic patients. Characteristic radiological appearances and s...

Metastatic lymph nodes in hilar cholangiocarcinoma: does size matter?

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: No cut‐off point could be determined for accurately predicting nodal involvement. Therefore, imaging studies should not rely on LN size when assessing nodal involvement. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Diagnostic criteria for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis based on cholangiographic classification

Journal of Gastroenterology — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 05:46:18 +0100

Conclusions Diagnostic criteria for IgG4-SC based on cholangiographic classification are useful for distinguishing it from PCa, PSC, and CC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article—Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00535-011-0465-zAuthors Takahiro Nakazawa, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 JapanItaru Naitoh, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 JapanKazuki Hayashi, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizu...

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Review article: surgical, neo‐adjuvant and adjuvant management strategies in biliary tract cancer

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 07:37:10 +0100

Conclusions The development of novel strategies and treatment techniques is crucial. However, the shortage of randomised controlled trials is compounded by the low feasibility of conducting adequately powered trials in liver surgery, due to the large sample sizes that are required. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Primary liver cancer presenting as pyogenic liver abscess: Characteristics, diagnosis, and management

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsElevated AFP and CA19‐9 could suggest HCC and IHCC in patients with symptoms/signs typical of PLA. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography could be helpful in patients with normal AFP and CA19‐9. Making an accurate and early diagnosis and seizing the opportunity of surgery are essential to improve the management strategies of patients with PLC mimicking PLA. J. Surg. Oncol © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Clinicopathological significance of altered Notch signaling in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Aberrant expression of Notch receptors 1 and 3 play a role during cancer progression, and cytoplasmic nuclear coexistence of DLL4 expression correlates with poor survival in extrahepatic CC and gallbladder carcinoma. PMID: 22046092 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Erratum to: Computed Tomography-Guided Interstitial HDR Brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT) of the Liver in Patients with Irresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 05:43:25 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s00270-011-0277-9Authors Dirk Schnapauff, Department of Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyTimm Denecke, Department of Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyChristian Grieser, Department of Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyFederico Collettini, Department of Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDaniel Seehofer, Department of Surgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, GermanyMarianne Sinn, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 1335...

Plasma hydroxyproline, MMP‐7 and collagen I as novel predictive risk markers of hepatobiliary disease‐associated cholangiocarcinoma

International Journal of Cancer — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, plasma HYP, collagen I and MMP‐7 may be useful as novel predictive markers of opisthorchiasis‐related BBD, and HYP may be used as a diagnostic marker for CCA. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)

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Phase I combination study of trabectedin and capecitabine in patients with advanced malignancies

Investigational New Drugs — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 13:42:50 +0100

Conclusions The combination of trabectedin and capecitabine is generally well tolerated, without pharmacokinetic interactions, and shows some activity in patients with advanced cancers. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory PHASE I STUDIESPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10637-011-9747-9Authors Lia Gore, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box B115 TCH, Aurora, CO 80045, USAE. Rivera, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAM. Basche, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box B115 TCH, Aurora, CO 80045, USAS. L. Moulder-Thompson, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAJ. Li, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, NJ, USAS. Eppers, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box B115 TCH, ...

A biliary HCO3− umbrella constitutes a protective mechanism against bile acid‐induced injury in human cholangiocytes

Hepatology — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:A biliary HCO3− umbrella protects human cholangiocytes against damage by bile acid monomers. An intact glycocalyx and adequate AE2 expression are crucial in this process. Defects of the biliary HCO3− umbrella may lead to development of chronic cholangiopathies. (HEPATOLOGY 2011.) (Source: Hepatology)

HBx induces tumorigenicity of hepatic progenitor cells in 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) Treated HBx transgenic mice

Hepatology — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: HBx induces intrinsic cellular transformation promoting the expansion and tumorigenicity of HPCs in DDC‐treated mice, which may be a possible origin for liver cancer induced by chronic hepatitis infection.(HEPATOLOGY 2011.) (Source: Hepatology)

Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) induces tumorigenicity of hepatic progenitor cells in 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine‐treated HBx transgenic mice

Hepatology — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100