MedWorm: Choriocarcinoma

A rare case of bilateral massive hemothorax from spontaneous rupture of a primary mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 04:17:26 +0100

In this report, we describe a case of a primary mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor that presented with bilateral massive hemothorax and hemorrhagic shock. An urgent thoracotomy, which was performed to control bleeding, confirmed bilateral hemothorax secondary to a ruptured mediastinal tumor. Pathologic diagnosis revealed the mediastinal tumor to be mixed choriocarcinoma and immature teratoma, with lung metastatic choriocarcinoma. The patient recovered well from the operation and received salvage chemotherapy. Two years after diagnosis, the patient remains in remission with no evidence of disease. PMID: 22269740 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Imaging of the Placenta with Pathologic Correlation

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

The placenta functions to nourish and protect the fetus. Imaging of the placenta can have a profound impact on patient management, owing to the morbidity and mortality associated with various placental conditions. To fully appreciate placental pathology, its physiology, anatomy, and variant anatomy will be outlined. Placental conditions affecting the mother and fetus include molar pregnancies, placental hematoma, abruption, previa, accreta, vasa previa, choriocarcinoma, and retained products of conception. Ultrasonography remains the definitive modality in diagnosing most of these conditions, with magnetic resonance imaging remaining an adjunctive measure. Computed tomography is occasionally used in cases of trauma and tumor staging. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)

A Rare Case of Bilateral Massive Hemothorax From Spontaneous Rupture of a Primary Mediastinal Mixed Germ Cell Tumor [CASE REPORTS]

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Human Placental Expression of SLIT/ROBO Signaling Cues: Effects of Preeclampsia and Hypoxia.

Biology of Reproduction — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study investigated if SLIT/ROBO are differentially expressed in healthy term and preeclamptic placentas and if hypoxia regulates SLIT/and ROBO expression in placental trophoblast and endothelial cells. Total RNA and protein were extracted from placental tissues of healthy term (n = 5) and preeclamptic (n = 6) pregnancies and used for SLIT/ROBO expression analyses with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative-PCR and immunoblotting. Paraffin-embedded tissues were processed for localizing SLIT/ROBO proteins in placental villi by immunohistochemistry. BeWo choriocarcinoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with 2% or 10% oxygen or the hypoxia-mimetic deferoxamine mesylate (100 µM) to test if hypoxia regulates SLI...

Sonographic appearance of an advanced invasive mole and associated metastatic thrombus in the inferior vena cava

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present a case of an advanced invasive mole with a metastatic thrombus in the inferior vena cava in which sonography clearly showed vesicles in the myometrium, ovaries, and metastatic thrombus leading to a diagnosis of invasive mole rather than choriocarcinoma. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012. (Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound)

Effects of the organophosphate insecticides phosmet and chlorpyrifos on trophoblast JEG-3 cell death, proliferation and inflammatory molecule production.

Toxicology in Vitro — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guiñazú N, Rena V, Genti-Raimondi S, Rivero V, Magnarelli G Abstract Epidemiological data have associated environmental organophosphate insecticide (OP) exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth deficits. To better understand OP injury that may adversely affect pregnancy, we used the JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell line, which provide a recognized in vitro model to study placental function. The effects of the OP phosmet (Pm) and chlorpyrifos (Cp) on JEG-3 cells viability, proliferation, cell cycle and inflammatory molecule production were evaluated. Both insecticides affected cellular viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, inducing apoptosis and decreasing [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. However, only Pm reduced DNA synthesis independently of cellular deat...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

The Molecular Role of Connexin 43 in Human Trophoblast Cell Fusion.

Biology of Reproduction — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dunk CE, Gellhaus A, Drewlo S, Baczyk D, Pötgens AJ, Winterhager E, Kingdom JC, Lye SJ Abstract Connexin expression and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) mediated by CONNEXIN 43 (Cx43/GJA1) are required for cytotrophoblast fusion into the syncytium, the outer functional layer of the human placenta. Cx43 also impacts intracellular signaling through protein-protein interactions. The transcription factor GCM1 and its downstream target ERVW-1/SYNCYTIN-1 are key players in trophoblast fusion and exert their actions through the ERVW-1 receptor SLC1A5/ASCT-2/RDR/ATB(0). To investigate the molecular role of the Cx43 protein and its interaction with this fusogenic pathway we utilized stable Cx43 transfected cell lines established from the choriocarcinoma cell line ...

Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases: The Role of Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound Clinics — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Ultrasound plays a central role in the modern management of early pregnancy complications, and is important in the identification, diagnosis, and surveillance of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). The term GTD is confusing, encompassing the range of entities in this group, such as complete hydatidiform mole, partial hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, malignant choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. The role of ultrasound in their management varies according to the specific entity, but, for the clinician, the most common and important aspect is the use of ultrasound examination for the identification of pregnancies complicated by hydatidiform mole. (Source: Ultrasound Clinics)

An update on gestational trophoblastic disease

Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Gestational trophoblastic disease is a rare pregnancy-related disorder. It comprises of partial mole, complete mole, invasive and metastatic mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. Novel immunohistochemical technologies have helped in the diagnosis of the disease and some of the genes may also serve as prognostic markers. Partial and complete moles can be treated by suction evacuation and most patients do not require further treatment. However, 10–20% of them may develop gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. The Gynecological Oncology Committee has adopted a staging system with incorporation of the modified World Health Organization scoring system. Low-risk disease is treated by single-agent chemotherapy while high-risk di...

[Primary choriocarcinoma of the maxillary gingival.]

Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report on a primary choriocarcinoma case of the mandibular gingivae in a 26-year-old woman who presented with pulmonary and renal metastasis. Complete response (clinical, biological and radiological) was achieved with combined chemotherapy according to APE regimen associating actinomycin, cisplatin and etoposid. The patient was free of disease 4 years after therapy completion. DISCUSSION: Primary gingival mandibular choriocarcinoma is very rare. Clinical presentation is atypical; diagnosis is based on histopathological examination and positivity for HCG. Our case report showed high chemo-sensitivity and comparable outcome to the other localizations. PMID: 22209045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale)

NLRP7 and the genetics of post-molar choriocarcinomas in Senegal

Molecular Human Reproduction — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study is the first attempt to investigate the role of NLRP7 in choriocarcinomas and highlights the higher frequencies of NLRP7 variants in the general Senegalese and Tunisian populations both known to have higher frequencies of moles and choriocarcinomas. (Source: Molecular Human Reproduction)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Springer Medicine titles — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 00:07:10 +0100

Diagnostic and Molecular Genetic Pathologyseries:Current Clinical PathologyIn this volume Dr Hui has brought together a comprehensive overview of gestational trophoblastic disease that includes all the currently recognized entities: complete and partial hydatidiform moles, placental site trophoblastic tumor, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, gestational choriocarcinoma, persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, placental site nodule and exaggerated placental ... (Source: Springer Medicine titles)

Aorticopulmonary paraganglioma

General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 16:44:35 +0100

We describe a 61-year-old woman with an anterior mediastinal paraganglioma. The patient complained of a chronic cough that had lasted about 6 months. Her chest computed tomography (CT) showed a highly enhanced mediastinal tumor in the aorticopulmonary window. We surgically resected this tumor thorough a left anterior thoracotomy. Although numerous feeding vessels and firm adhesions with the pericardium hindered the procedure, macroscopically complete resection was achieved. Postoperatively, the tumor was diagnosed as an aorticopulmonary paraganglioma. As these highly enhanced tumors in the anterior mediastinum on CT images are unusual, a differential diagnosis including mediastinal hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, Castleman’s disease, choriocarcinoma, metastatic tumor ...

NLRP7 Co-localizes with Golgi and MTOC [Genomics and Proteomics]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

A hydatidiform mole (HM) is a human pregnancy with hyperproliferative placenta and abnormal embryonic development. Mutations in NLRP7, a member of the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family of proteins with roles in inflammation and apoptosis, are responsible for recurrent HMs. However, little is known about the functional role of NLRP7. Here, we demonstrate that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with NLRP7 mutations and rare variants secrete low levels of IL-1β and TNF in response to LPS. We show that the cells from patients, carrying mutations or rare variants, have variable levels of increased intracellular pro-IL-1β indicating that normal NLRP7 down-regulates pro-IL-1β synthesis in response to LPS. Using transient transfections, we confirm the role of ...

Antitrophoblast antibodies are associated with recurrent miscarriages

Fertility and Sterility — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Objective: To investigate whether antitrophoblast antibodies are associated with unexplained recurrent miscarriages, we used choriocarcinoma cells JEG-3, since these cells are negative for class I and II antigens, but they do express HLA-G, resembling an antigen expression of endovascular and interstitial trophoblasts.Design: Case-control study.Setting: Academic research center.Patient(s): One hundred ninety-four patients with two or more consecutive, idiopathic recurrent miscarriages (RM; (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Ectopic Choriocarcinoma Masquerading As a Persisting Pregnancy of Unknown Location: Case Report and Review of the Literature [DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Choroidal Metastases in Testicular Choriocarcinoma, successful treatment with chemo- and radiotherapy: a case report.

BMC Urology - Latest articles — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Testicular choriocarcinoma is an exceptional cause of choroidal metastasis, potentially asymptomatic and with specific clinical features. Radiotherapy can complement radical orchiectomy and chemotherapy, to achieve full remission and maintain good vision. (Source: BMC Urology - Latest articles)

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in genitourinary and adrenal tumours

Histopathology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Carbonic anhydrase IX is a sensitive marker for clear cell RCC in core biopsies. However, other genitourinary or adrenal tumours that can have a clear cell appearance including urothelial, squamous cell, clear cell adeno and adrenal cortical carcinoma and Sertoli cell tumour express CAIX. Knowledge of expression overlap between these entities may prevent incorrect interpretation of immunohistochemical results, particularly if limited tissue is available. (Source: Histopathology)

Coexisting metastatic choriocarcinoma and bladder adenocarcinoma of common germ cell origin.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jain A, Liew N, Chia WK, Chew SH, Chia YN, Lim TH, Lim A, Lim SL, Wong CF, Toh KL, Tan MH PMID: 22294067 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore)

Current Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms are malignant lesions that arise from placental villous and extravillous trophoblast. Four clinicopathologic conditions make up this entity: invasive mole (IM), choriocarcinoma (CCA), placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). IM and CCA, which make up the majority of these tumors, are highly responsive to chemotherapy with an overall cure rate exceeding 90%, making it usually possible to achieve cure while preserving reproductive function. PSTT and ETT, which rarely occur, are relatively resistant to chemotherapy, making surgery the primary treatment modality, chemotherapy being used only when the disease has metastasized. (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)

Gestatational Trophoblastic Disease: Multimodality Imaging Assessment With Special Emphasis on Spectrum of Abnormalities and Value of Imaging in Staging and Management of Disease

Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:21:49 +0100

Gestational trophoblastic disease is a spectrum of disorders of varying malignant potential arising from trophoblastic cells and encompassing hydatidiform moles and persistent trophoblastic neoplasia. Ultrasound is the initial imaging investigation of choice when gestational trophoblastic disease is suspected. Complete hydatiform mole, the most common form of molar pregnancy, usually has a characteristic “cluster of grapes” appearance, especially on second-trimester ultrasounds. Persistent trophobastic neoplasia usually appears as a focal, hypervascular myometrial mass on pelvic ultrasound. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is often used as a problem-solving tool in equivocal or complicated cases of gestational trophoblastic disease to assess the degree of invasion into the myometrium ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Choriocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon: report of a case

Surgery Today — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 06:54:33 +0100

We report a rare case of primary choriocarcinoma of the colon. A 58-year-old woman underwent Hartmann’s procedure to remove a sigmoid colon tumor, and pathological examination confirmed choriocarcinoma that had originated from the colon. Radical surgery combined with chemotherapy gives the best chance of long-term survival. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00595-011-0026-3Authors Mikihiko Harada, Department of Surgery, Hikari Municipal Yamato General Hospital, 974 Iwata, Hikari, Yamaguchi 743-0192, JapanTakashi Inoue, Department of Surgery, Hikari Municipal Yamato General Hospital, 974 Iwata, Hikari, Yamaguchi 743-0192, JapanKimikazu Hamano, First Department of Surgery, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-85...

Is galectin-1 a trigger for trophoblast cell fusion?: the MAP-kinase pathway and syncytium formation in trophoblast tumour cells BeWo

Molecular Human Reproduction — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Galectin-1 (gal-1), a member of the mammalian β-galactoside-binding proteins, exerts biological effects by recognition of glycan ligands, including those involved in cell adhesion and growth regulation. In a previous study, we demonstrated that gal-1 induces cell differentiation processes on the membrane of choriocarcinoma cells BeWo, including the receptor tyrosine kinases, REarranged during transfection, janus kinase 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3. Within this study, we examined which mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and serine/threonine kinases were phoshorylated by gal-1. Out of a number of 21 different MAPKs and other serine/threonine kinases, the stimulation of BeWo cells with gal-1 showed a significant alteration of signal intensity in extracellular...

Spectrum of cardiac tumors excluding myxoma: Experience of a tertiary center with review of the literature.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kumar N, Agarwal S, Ahuja A, Das P, Airon B, Ray R Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the histological spectrum of operated cardiac tumors, excluding myxoma, at a tertiary center in India. Between 1995 and 2010, we encountered 188 cases of operated cardiac tumors that had been subjected to histopathological examination. Morphological characterization was done by light microscopy along with histochemical stains. Immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies, i.e., vimentin, desmin, myogenin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratins, factor VIII-related antigen, S100-protein, synaptophysin, chromogranin, Bcl2, MIB-1, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CD 3, CD20, CD34, and CD 99 (MIC-2) was performed wherever applicable. Out of ...

Choriocarcinoma with brain involvement

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Francis V James, Attokaran L Lijeesh, Sumod M Koshy, Aswin KumarJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2011 7(3):383-384 (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Unusual clinical and radiological presentation of metastatic choriocarcinoma to the brain and long-term remission following emergency craniotomy and adjuvant EMA-CO chemotherapy: Response to the Letter

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Ravi Dadlani, Sunil V Furtado, Nandita Ghosal, Alangar S HegdeJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2011 7(3):384-385 (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Of leaves and butterflies: how methotrexate came to be the savior of women.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Skubisz MM, Tong S Abstract A little more than half a century ago, young women were frequently dying of reproductive sequelae such as ectopic pregnancies and gestational trophoblastic disease. Mortality from these conditions was as high as 90% in the case of metastatic choriocarcinoma. If lives could be saved, it was in the operating theater and often at the expense of future reproductive potential. By the 1940s, however, targeted chemotherapy was starting to be explored, and the development of methotrexate for the treatment of childhood leukemia in 1949 eventually resulted in an unexpected, but nevertheless long and happy association with the field of gynecology. Here we trace the origins of methotrexate and how it came to be an effective medical treatment for two life-th...

Pure non‐gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma in a 45,XO/46,XX SRY‐negative true hermaphrodite

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report here the first case of pure NGCO in the right ovotestis of a 23‐year‐old 45,XO/46X,X sex‐determining region Y chromosome (SRY)‐negative TH. The diagnosis of non‐gestational origin was confirmed by testing five short tandem repeats (STR). The patient responded well to radical surgery with bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP) regimen. We also hypothesize that some mutations of an X‐linked or autosomal gene lead to testicular determination in SRY‐negative TH patients. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Effect on the Production of Soluble Endoglin from Human Choriocarcinoma Cells by Preeclampsia Sera

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The results suggest that preeclampsia sera may increase the protein production of sEng and mRNA expression of Eng from JEG‐3 cells like trophoblast without hypoxia and that in addition to hypoxia, preeclampsia sera may play a role of high level of serum sEng in preeclampsia patients. Decreased HO‐1 activity may relate to increased sEng release. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology)

Progress of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Metastasis  of Gestational Choriocarcinoma

Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Gestational choriocarcinoma is the most common gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. It is prone to hematogenous metastasis, most commonly to the lungs. With the advent and development of chemotherapy, choriocarcinoma has become a curable tumor. However, patients with drug-resistant and recurrent choriocarcinoma are difficult to treat, even with the management of pulmonary metastasis. Resorting to surgery is also a tough decision given the challenges of identifying the appropriate surgical indication and timing. This review discusses the basic principles of management as well as recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary metastasis of gestational choriocarcinoma. DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.10.06 (Source: Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer)

Immunohistochemical testing of BRAF V600E status in 1,120 tumor tissue samples of patients with brain metastases

Acta Neuropathologica — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 15:44:25 +0100

In conclusion, expression of BRAF V600E mutant protein occurs in approximately 6% of BM and is consistent in different tumor manifestations of the same patient. Thus, BRAF V600E inhibiting therapies seem feasible in selected BM patients. Immunohistochemical visualization of V600E-mutant BRAF protein is a promising tool for patient stratification. An integrated approach combining both, VE1 immunohistochemistry and genetic analysis may increase the diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation analysis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00401-011-0887-yAuthors David Capper, Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220/221, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyAnna Sophie Berghoff, Department of Medicine ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Online combination of reversed‐phase/reversed‐phase and porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography for multicomponent separation of proteomics and glycoproteomics samples

Electrophoresis — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractIn this paper, we describe an online combination of reversed‐phase/reversed‐phase (RP–RP) and porous graphitic carbon (PGC) liquid chromatography (LC) for multicomponent analysis of proteomics and glycoproteomics samples. The online RP–RP portion of this system provides comprehensive 2‐D peptide separation based on sequence hydrophobicity at pH 2 and 10. Hydrophilic components (e.g. glycans, glycopeptides) that are not retained by RP are automatically diverted downstream to a PGC column for further trapping and separation. Furthermore, the RP–RP/PGC system can provide simultaneous extension of the hydropathy range and peak capacity for analysis. Using an 11‐protein mixture, we found that the system could efficiently separate native peptides and released N‐glycans fr...

Glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) protein expression in human placenta across gestation

Placenta — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was characterization of syncytial GLUT3 protein expression across gestation. We hypothesized that GLUT3 protein is present in the syncytial microvillous membrane and that its expression decreases over gestation. GLUT3 protein was measured in samples from a range of gestational ages (first to third trimester), with human brain and human bowel used as a positive and negative control respectively. As an additional measure of specificity, we transfected BeWo choriocarcinoma cells, a trophoblast cell line expressing GLUT3, with siRNA directed against GLUT3 and analyzed expression by Western blotting. GLUT3 was detected in the syncytiotrophoblast at all gestational ages by immunohistochemistry. Using Western blotting GLUT3 was detected as an integral membrane protein ...

Mediastinal Choriocarcinoma Masquerading as Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma

Karger Publishers — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Case Rep Oncol 2011;4:512–516 (DOI:10.1159/000334080) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Phosphorylation of JAK2 by serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activates both STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways and increases growth of JEG-3 human placental choriocarcinoma cell

Placenta — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activation improves viability, increases DNA synthesis and activates JAK2-STAT3 and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathways in JEG-3 human trophoblast choriocarcinoma cells. The goal of this study was to characterize the signal transduction cascade involved in 5-HT2A receptor-induced growth of JEG-3 cells. Selective 5-HT2A receptor agonist, DOI, induced JEG-3 cell growth was inhibited by the inhibitor of JAK2 (AG490), MEK1/2 (U0126), phospholipase C-β (PLC-β; U73122) and protein kinase C-β (PKC-β; Gö6976)), whereas the selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) had no effect. Specific inhibitors of PLC-β, PKC-β and Ras (farnesylthiosalicylic acid) inhibit activation of ERK1/2, whereas the PKC-ζ inhibitor GF109203X had no effect...

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Precocious Puberty Due to Secreting Chorionepithelioma (Teratoma) of the Brain

The Journal of Pediatrics — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 18:14:09 +0100

Bruton OC, Martz DC, Gerard ES. J Pediatr 1961;59:719-25 Fifty years ago in The Journal, Bruton et al wrote, “It is evident that an early diagnosis could not be established in this case,” about a 7-year-old child with precocious puberty from a mixed germ cell brain tumor, diagnosed ultimately at death. In the course of 6 months from presentation, the boy underwent testicular biopsy, multiple blood tests, two electroencephalograms, pneumoencephalography, non-diagnostic posterior fossa craniotomy, and finally, repeat craniotomy with an aborted attempt to explore the third ventricle. The surgeon visualized but could not resect the tumor, so the patient was treated with 4000 cGy of irradiation before dying 12 months after the diagnosis. At autopsy, the boy was found to have a 6- by 5- by...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Twist Regulates Cadherin-Mediated Differentiation and Fusion of Human Trophoblastic Cells.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Twist is an upstream regulator of the E-cadherin-mediated terminal differentiation and fusion in a human trophoblastic cell line in vitro. PMID: 21994965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Residual tumor after the salvage surgery is the major risk factors for primary treatment failure in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: A retrospective study of single institution.

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Most malignant ovarian germ cell tumors have excellent prognoses with primary treatment, and good reproductive outcomes can be expected. Because primary treatment failure is associated with the residual disease after the salvage surgery, knowledge of the presence or absence of this risk factor may be helpful in risk stratification and individualization of adjuvant therapy in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Further large-scale prospective studies to confirm these results should be performed. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

A nucleolar protein, H19 opposite tumor suppressor (HOTS), is a tumor growth inhibitor encoded by a human imprinted H19 antisense transcript [Medical Sciences]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The H19 gene, which localizes within a chromosomal region on human chromosome 11p15 that is commonly lost in Wilms tumor (WT), encodes an imprinted untranslated RNA. However, the biological significance of the H19 noncoding transcript remains unresolved because replacement of the RNA transcript with a neocassette has no obvious phenotypic effect. Here we show that the human H19 locus also encodes a maternally expressed, translated gene, antisense to the known H19 transcript, which is conserved in primates. This gene, termed HOTS for H19 opposite tumor suppressor, encodes a protein that localizes to the nucleus and nucleolus and that interacts with the human enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) protein. WTs that show loss of heterozygosity of 11p15 or loss of imprinting of IGF2 also silenc...

Spontaneous Uterine Perforation of Choriocarcinoma with Negative Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin after Chemotherapy

Medical Principles and Practice : Last 20 articles — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Med Princ Pract 2011;20:570–573 (DOI:10.1159/000330028) (Source: Medical Principles and Practice : Last 20 articles)

Nitric oxide generation affects pro- and anti-angiogenic growth factor expression in primary human trophoblast

Placenta — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: NO production in primary human trophoblast cultures had divergent effects on pro-angiogenic (PGF, VEGF) versus anti-angiogenic (sFlt-1) mRNA expression, resulting in an enhanced pro-angiogenic gene expression environment in vitro. (Source: Placenta)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Divalent Metal Transporter 1 Expression and Regulation in Human Placenta.

Biological Trace Element Research — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study indicated that DMT1 is likely involved in endosomal iron transport in placental STB and placental DMT1 + IRE expression was primarily regulated by the IRE/IRP mechanism. PMID: 21947861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biological Trace Element Research)

Contribution of referent pathologists to the quality of trophoblastic diseases diagnosis

Human Reproduction — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION A systematic policy of rereading of slides for all suspicious moles improves the quality of management of trophoblastic diseases at a national level. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Impact of CCN3 (NOV) glycosylation on migration/invasion properties and cell growth of the choriocarcinoma cell line Jeg3

Human Reproduction — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that CCN3 protein regulates the decrease in Jeg3 cell numbers independent of its glycosylation status, whereas migratory and invasive properties are influenced only by non-glycosylated CCN3. An impaired balance in the expression of glycosylated and non-glycosylated CCN3 could contribute to the shallow invasion of EVTs observed in pre-eclampsia. (Source: Human Reproduction)

MUC1 Expression Is Elevated in Severe Preeclamptic Placentas and Suppresses Trophoblast Cell Invasion via {beta}1-Integrin Signaling.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Our findings suggest that MUC1 is overexpressed in severe preeclamptic placentas and that MUC1 overexpression suppresses EVT invasion mainly via modulating β1-integrin signaling. PMID: 21917866 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Does malaoxon play a role in the geno- and cytotoxic effects of malathion on human choriocarcinoma cells?

Tue, 13 Sep 2011 14:16:32 +0100

Authors: Galántai R, Emődy-Kiss B, Somosy Z, Bognár G, Horváth G, Forgács Z, Gachályi A, Szilasi M Abstract This investigation was undertaken to elucidate whether the active metabolite of malathion, malaoxon, has any role in exerting cyto- and genotoxic effects for human choriocarcinoma (JAR) cell line which is an acceptable model for human placental cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were separately performed on the cell compartment and supernatant cell culture medium after subjecting the cell line to different malathion concentrations (10-400 μg/mL) and for various incubation periods (0.5 to 24 hours). GC-MS analysis showed that the sonication performed for the disruption of the cells did not cause the chemical change of malathion. The uptake of m...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Azithromycin and spiramycin induce anti-inflammatory response in human trophoblastic (BeWo) cells infected by Toxoplasma gondii but are able to control infection

Placenta — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, treatment of human trophoblastic BeWo cells with with azithromycin or spiramycin is able to control the infection and replication of T. gondii. In addition, treatment with these macrolides, especially with azityromycin induces an anti-inflammatory response and high MIF production, which can be important for the establishment and maintenance of a viable pregnancy during T. gondii infection. (Source: Placenta)

Alpha thalassemia major – A hematological prelude to an oncological problem

Medical Hypotheses — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Alpha thalassemia major and choriocarcinoma are two poles apart clinical entities. While the former represents an autosomal recessive disorder of hemoglobin synthesis, the later constitutes an aggressive malignant tumor usually of placental origin with predilection for women above 35years, and those with history of hydatidiform mole and previous spontaneous abortion. Surprisingly, these two entities share strikingly similar geographic distribution. Although dietary deficiency esp of carotene and animal fat, and difference in methodology of study has been blamed for high occurrence of choriocarcinoma in Asia region, a very plausible explanation may be the high rate of spontaneous abortion in this region secondary to high incidence of alpha thalassemia major. While it is worthwhile...

Carcinoma of the breast with choriocarcinomatous features.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mohammadi A, Rosa M Abstract Choriocarcinomatous differentiation has been described in tumors arising from many organs including lung, rectum, colon, stomach, bladder, and rarely breast. Mammary carcinoma with choriocarcinomatous features is a rare variant of breast metaplastic carcinoma characterized by malignant cells morphologically resembling choriocarcinoma cells in which reactivity with human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin can be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The characteristic syncytiotrophoblast-like giant cells seen in these neoplasms are more commonly associated with moderately to poorly differentiated carcinomas with or without a clear-cut mesenchymal component. Most of the reported cases have behaved very aggressively. The reason fo...

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator Expression in Human and Rat Placentas and Transcription Activity in Human Trophoblast Cultures

Toxicological Sciences — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we describe expression and ontogeny of AHR/Ahr and ARNT/Arnt and systematically characterize induction of major AHR target genes in human placental trophoblast forming the placental maternal-fetal morphological and metabolic barrier. (Source: Toxicological Sciences)

Clinical presentation of molar pregnancy at a teaching hospital in Iran, 1996–2006

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a spectrum of tumors with benign or malignant potential, including hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor. Hydatidiform moles, which comprise 80% of all GTD cases, are classified as complete or partial moles . (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

The seminoma cell line TCam‐2 is sensitive to HDAC inhibitor depsipeptide but tolerates various other chemotherapeutic drugs and loss of NANOG expression

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractSeminomas and embryonal carcinomas (EC) are both type II germ cell tumor (GCT) entities and develop from the same precursor lesion (carcinoma‐in situ, CIS). However, they show significant differences in growth behavior, differentiation potential, and gene expression. Although ECs are prone to differentiate into all three germ layers and give rise to the non‐seminomatous GCT entities teratoma, choriocarcinoma, and yolk‐sac tumor, differentiation of seminomas to these entities is only rarely observed. This might reflect the ability of seminomas to actively inhibit differentiation processes evoked by environmental cues. Also, it is not known why CIS gives rise to seminoma in some patients and to non‐seminoma in the others. Here, we treated the seminoma‐like cell line TCam‐...

Differential expression and the anti-apoptotic effect of human placental neurotrophins and their receptors

Placenta — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Neurotrophin (NT) is important in the survival, maintenance and differentiation of neuronal tissue, and functions in follicle maturation, tumor growth, angiogenesis and immunomodulation; however, the expression of NT and its receptors (NTR) in human placenta and their influence on fetal growth are unclear. Here we investigated the correlation of NT and NTR in human placenta with uterine environment and fetal growth. TrkB, a NTR, mRNA was expressed on decidual and villous tissue and increased with gestational age, localizing in the trophoblast layer and endothelium by immunohistochemistry. Villous TrkB mRNA was significantly increased in preeclampsia (PE) than in controls and was higher in the normotensive small for gestational age (SGA) placenta, although it was not significant. ...

Unusual tumor: Primary gastric choriocarcinoma.

The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Unverdı H, Savaş B, Ensarı A, Akgül H PMID: 21948579 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)

Metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting and treated during viable pregnancy: a case report

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Please cite this paper as: Bircher C, Smith R, Seckl M, Brown D, Short D, Rees H, McCarthy A, Nirmal D. Metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting and treated during viable pregnancy: a case report. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2011.03062.x. (Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

A Profile of Cases of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia at a Large Tertiary Centre in Dubai

Anesthesiology Research and Practice — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 14:41:07 +0100

Conclusions. Prevalence of GTN in the local Arab population is similar to other Asian populations. The majority of cases are cured by simple suction uterine curettage. Cervical preparation with prostaglandins should be done in selected cases to avoid perforation during evacuation. Second (repeat) uterine evacuation can be curative in some cases with strict selection criteria and avoid the need for chemotherapy. Regional registry of cases is needed to estimate the true incidence of this disease. (Source: Anesthesiology Research and Practice)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Establishment of a Choriocarcinoma Model from Immortalized Normal Extravillous Trophoblast Cells Transduced with HRASV12.

The American Journal of Pathology — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we established a choriocarcinoma model by inoculating mice with induced-choriocarcinoma cell-1 (iC(3)-1) cells, generated from HTR8/SVneo human trophoblastic cells retrovirally transduced with activated H-RAS (HRASV12). The iC(3)-1 cells exhibited constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways and developed into lethal tumors in all inoculated mice. Histopathological analysis revealed that the tumors consisted of two distinct types of cells, reminiscent of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts, as seen in the human choriocarcinoma. The tumors expressed HLA-G and cytokeratin (trophoblast markers) and hCG (a choriocarcinoma marker). Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles between iC(3)-1 cel...

Mixed germ cell testicular tumor presenting as metastatic cutaneous choriocarcinoma

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 16:19:59 +0100

To the Editor: A 38-year-old man, with polysubstance abuse and hepatitis C infection, was admitted to the hospital with nausea and coffee-ground emesis. He reported a 2-week history of two anterior chest nodules. Cutaneous examination revealed a 2.1- × 1.7-cm firm, pink nodule with punctate hemorrhagic crust and overlying pseudovesiculation on his right upper lateral chest wall. Adjacent to this nodule was a 0.5- × 0.5-cm papule with similar features (). Additionally, he was found to have a unilateral enlarged, firm testicular mass with greatest dimension of 4.2 cm. The remainder of his physical examination was unremarkable. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

ADAM and Dysferlin in pathology placenta

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 14:00:33 +0100

Introduction: Cell–cell fusion is the main biological event driving the formation of syncytia, such as skeletal muscle, osteoclasts and the syncytiotrophoblast (STB). ADAM12 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12; meltrin plays a role in this regulation. Dysferlin, a transmembrane protein, is associated with the development of certain muscular dystrophies due to its involvement in the repair of damaged skeletal muscle cell membranes. Dysferlin is also concentrated in STB and in cytotrophoblast (CTB) undergoing spontaneous fusion. Our aim was to investigate the expression profile of these two proteins in placental samples of problem pregnancies associated with altered trophoblast invasion and fusion: choriocarcinoma and molar pregnancy. (Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology)

Comparison of leukemia inhibitory factor-induced intracellular signalling in different trophoblastic cell lines

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 14:00:26 +0100

Introduction: Well balanced functions and differentiation of trophoblast cells are essential for inception and maintenance of successful pregnancy. Trophoblast cells perform invasion similar to tumors, but in a well regulated physiological manner and dysregulation may lead to severe pathologies. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) induces trophoblast invasiveness via signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3), but activation mechanisms seem to differ in different cell lines and are not yet completely investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study is to analyze and compare the role of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)/STAT in trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells with different invasive capacities. (Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology)

Role of IL-6 group of cytokines in trophoblast invasion and proliferation

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 14:00:20 +0100

Trophoblast cells start invasion into the decidua shortly after implantation, which approaches to the maximum during the first trimester of gestation period. Proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells is spatially and temporally regulated by several growth factors, hormones and cytokines present at the site of implantation. We have made a comprehensive analysis of the regulation of invasion and proliferation of trophoblastic JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo cells under the influence of IL-6 group (IL-11, LIF and IL-6) of cytokines. IL-11 increases the invasiveness of JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells through activation of STAT3 signaling pathway with a concomitant upregulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), MMP23B and mucin 1 (MUC1). Silencing the signal transduction and activ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Cancer in pregnancy

Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Cancer complicating pregnancy is a rare coexistence. The incidence is approximately 1 in 1000 pregnancies and is expected to rise as more women delay childbearing into their later reproductive years. The most common malignancies associated with pregnancy are breast, cervix, leukaemia, lymphoma, melanoma, thyroid, ovary and colon. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of the pregnant patient with cancer is especially difficult because it involves two persons, the mother and the fetus. In the present review recent diagnostic and treatment strategies for breast, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukaemia, thyroid tumours, melanoma, colon cancer, gynaecological malignancies, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, choriocarcinoma and placental site trophoblastic neopl...

Stimulation of serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor signaling increases placental aromatase (CYP19) activity and expression in BeWo and JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells

Placenta — Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study shows that the serotonergic system modulates placental aromatase expression, which would result in altered estrogens biosynthesis in trophoblast cells. Future detailed studies of serotonin–estrogen interactions in placenta are crucial for an improved understanding of the endo-, para- and autocrine role of serotonin during pregnancy and fetal development. (Source: Placenta)

A Possible Coagulation‐Independent Mechanism for Pregnancy Loss Involving β2glycoprotein 1‐Dependent Antiphospholipid Antibodies and CD1d

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions β2GP1‐dependent IL12 release from CD1d‐bearing trophoblast in the presence of aPL may link the antiphospholipid syndrome to pregnancy loss via an inflammatory mechanism. (Source: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology)

[Pathogenic and tumorigenic effect of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in mouse colon and ovarian.]

Journal of Southern Medical University — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal injection of DMH may induce colon tumors and ovarian diseases in mice. PMID: 21690054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Southern Medical University)

TGF‐β1, EGF and FGF4 synergistically induce differentiation of the seminoma cell line TCam‐2 into a cell type resembling mixed non‐seminoma

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study supports the model that seminomas indeed have an intrinsic ability to transform into a non‐seminoma. In addition, the data suggest that the transformation does not require an additional mutation, but can be triggered by changes in the tumour microenvironment. (Source: International Journal of Andrology)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

TGF-β1, EGF and FGF4 synergistically induce differentiation of the seminoma cell line TCam-2 into a cell type resembling mixed non-seminoma.

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study supports the model that seminomas indeed have an intrinsic ability to transform into a non-seminoma. In addition, the data suggest that the transformation does not require an additional mutation, but can be triggered by changes in the tumour microenvironment. PMID: 21649665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Andrology)

Expression and interdependencies of pluripotency factors LIN28, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in human testicular germ cells and tumours of the testis

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, LIN28 regulates the differentiation status of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma and is likely to play a related role in normal human germ‐cell development. (Source: International Journal of Andrology)

Expression and interdependencies of pluripotency factors LIN28, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in human testicular germ cells and tumours of the testis.

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, LIN28 regulates the differentiation status of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma and is likely to play a related role in normal human germ-cell development. PMID: 21631526 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Andrology)

Impact of classification of mixed germ‐cell tumours on incidence trends of non‐seminoma

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummarySeminomas and non‐seminomas [embryonal carcinomas, yolk sac tumours, teratomas, choriocarcinomas, mixed germ‐cell tumours (MGCT)] are the major histological types of testicular germ‐cell tumours (TGCT). TGCTs composed of both seminomatous and non‐seminomatous elements have been coded as their non‐seminoma component in the World Health Organization classification. In the late 1980s, a provisional International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD‐O) morphology code for MGCT was introduced. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and two population‐based German cancer registries, we examined the impact of MGCT classification on TGCT trends. Cases were identified using ICD‐O topography (ICD‐9: 186; ICD‐10: C62) and morphology c...

Pituitary choriocarcinoma in an adolescent male: Tumor-derived CG and GH delay diagnosis.

Growth Hormone and IGF Research — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We present an additional case of a suprasellar choriocarcinoma producing GH, and review the literature. PMID: 21658594 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Growth Hormone and IGF Research)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Impact of classification of mixed germ-cell tumours on incidence trends of non-seminoma.

International Journal of Andrology — Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Trabert B, Stang A, Cook MB, Rusner C, McGlynn KA Seminomas and non-seminomas [embryonal carcinomas, yolk sac tumours, teratomas, choriocarcinomas, mixed germ-cell tumours (MGCT)] are the major histological types of testicular germ-cell tumours (TGCT). TGCTs composed of both seminomatous and non-seminomatous elements have been coded as their non-seminoma component in the World Health Organization classification. In the late 1980s, a provisional International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) morphology code for MGCT was introduced. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and two population-based German cancer registries, we examined the impact of MGCT classification on TGCT trends. Cases were identified using ICD-O topography (ICD-9...

Effect of oxygen concentrations on sodium iodide symporter expression and iodide uptake and hCG expression in human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells

AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Normal human fetal development requires an adequate supply of thyroid hormone from conception. Until about 16 wk gestation this is supplied entirely by placental transfer of maternal hormone. Subsequently, the fetal thyroid synthesizes thyroid hormones, requiring a supply of maternal iodide. Trophoblast iodide transfer is mediated by the apical sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Placental oxygen levels are low in early pregnancy (~1%), rising with placental vascularisation to a plateau of ~8% at about 16 wk. Although the impact of these changing oxygen levels on placental implantation is well recognized, effects on trophoblast materno-fetal exchange are less understood. We investigated expression of the NIS regulator hCG, NIS mRNA expression, and I125 uptake in choriocarcinoma BeWo cells (a mo...

The role of galectin-1 in trophoblast differentiation and signal transduction

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Galectins are proteins with the ability to bind β-galactosides through a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. Galectin-1 exerts its biological effects by binding glycan ligands on proteins involved in cell adhesion and growth regulation. Galectin-1 inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and induces syncytium formation. Its down-regulation in the syncytiotrophoblast has been associated with early pregnancy loss. In the choriocarcinoma-derived BeWo cells the galectin-1 induced growth inhibition is apoptosis-independent, but rather appears to be mediated by binding to cell surface receptors, such as the receptor tyrosine kinases REarranged during Transfection (RET) and Janus Kinase (JAK) 2 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3. On the syncytiotrophoblast a...

Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) and trophoblast invasiveness

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Controlled trophoblast invasion is a key process during human placentation and a prerequisite for successful pregnancy. Progesterone is one of the factors to regulate trophoblast invasiveness. Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) is a progesterone-induced molecule expressed by the trophoblast, and also by tumors. The distribution of PIBF within the first-trimester decidua coincides with sites of trophoblast invasion. Another molecule that has been implicated in the control of trophoblast invasiveness is placental leptin. Leptin inhibits the secretion of progesterone by cytotrophoblast. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible interaction of PIBF and leptins in regulating trophoblast invasion. Paraffin-embedded sections from normal first-trimester placentae, par...

Effects of intermittent high glucose on BeWo choriocarcinoma cells in culture

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Sat, 21 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These data indicate that intermittent high glucose is more deleterious to BeWo cells than continuous high‐glucose conditions. Although further in vitro and in vivo study is necessary, excess fluctuation of glucose levels in the placental circulation might be involved in the impairment of placental development leading to the placental dysfunction. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Gestational choriocarcinoma of Fallopian tube diagnosed with a combination of p57KIP2 immunostaining and short tandem repeat analysis: Case report

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Sat, 21 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We report the first case of gestational choriocarcinoma of the Fallopian tube to be confirmed by a combination of p57KIP2 immunostaining and DNA polymorphism analysis at 15 short tandem repeat loci, along with X and Y chromosome markers. The patient had no detectable metastasis or evidence of recurrence 15 months after treatment, which involved surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy. This case demonstrates the usefulness of a combination of p57KIP2 immunostaining and DNA polymorphism analysis in determining the origin of extrauterine choriocarcinoma (i.e. gestational or non‐gestational), which helps to determine the strategy for treatment of the disease. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Wide-ranging DNA methylation differences of primary trophoblast cell populations and derived cell lines: implications and opportunities for understanding trophoblast function

Molecular Human Reproduction — Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study also confirms the need for caution in the interpretation of data generated from manipulation of such pathways in vitro. (Source: Molecular Human Reproduction)

Current Chemotherapeutic Management of Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Wed, 11 May 2011 13:59:59 +0100

This article will review the workup, management and followup of women with all stages of GTN as well as with recurrent disease. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Mixed germ cell tumor with embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in the ovary of a cynomolgus monkey.

Toxicologic Pathology — Wed, 04 May 2011 20:45:02 +0100

Authors: Yokouchi Y, Imaoka M, Sayama A, Sanbuissho A A seven-year-old female cynomolgus monkey had a mass in the left ovary with metastasis to the lung and the right ovary. The mass of these organs showed three different characteristics, and its immunohistochemical profiles were consistent with embryonal carcinoma (EC), choriocarcinoma (CC), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). The EC was characterized with sheets and glandlike structures with large pleomorphic, single-nucleated epithelial cells that were immunohistochemically positive for α-fetoprotein, octamer-4, and CD30, and with multinucleated giant cells resembling syncytiotrophoblasts. The CC also represented biphasic proliferation of the cytotrophoblast positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), which showed negative immunoreact...

Overexpressed PAK4 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of choriocarcinoma

Carcinogenesis — Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the role of PAK4 in the pathogenesis of GTD. PAK4 messenger RNA and protein expressions in clinical samples and cell lines of normal placentas and GTD were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) on the expression and activation of PAK4 were investigated by treating CCA JEG3 and JAR cells with anti-hCG antibody and PI3K inhibitor, respectively. The effects of PAK4 on CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by corresponding functional assays. We demonstrated overexpression of PAK4 in GTD and CCA cell lines at both RNA and protein level. hCG is one of the upstream regulators of PAK4 expression, whereas activ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors and inducer in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal placenta.

Gynecologic Oncology — Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Choriocarcinoma's high expression of MMPs and low expression of MMP inhibitors may contribute to its invasiveness and metastatic potential. Similarly, PSTT's lower expression of MMPs and high expression of MMP inhibitors may partly explain its lower invasiveness. Agents that inhibit MMP may prove useful in treating GTD. PMID: 21514631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis presenting as cerebral metastasis in a patient with choriocarcinoma following a non-molar gestation.

Gynecologic Oncology — Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: May T, Rabinowe SN, Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP PMID: 21514630 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Effects of anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibody on PlGF, VEGF and sVEGFR1 production from cultured choriocarcinoma cell line

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Anti‐β2‐GPI antibody‐positive sera and IgG suppress the production of PlGF from JEG‐3 cells. We suggest that the anti‐β2‐GPI antibodies may suppress PlGF production from trophoblasts and cause the failure of placenta formation and function. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Primary Nongestational Choriocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix [DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

In vitro Study on Hepatitis B Virus Infecting Human Choriocarcinoma JEG3 Cells and Its Mechanism

Karger Publishers — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 14:32:39 +0100

Intervirology (DOI:10.1159/000324528) (Source: Karger Publishers)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

[Complete hydatiforme mole in Morocco: Epidemiological and clinical study.]

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: CHM continue to be a public health problem in Morocco, their incidence is among the highest ones. In fact, this studied population corresponds to the lowest socio-economic status and generally described as population at risk. It is subject to drastic weather's conditions causing loss of fresh products. Extreme ages and degree of parity are also risk factors described in the literature. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and supervision of molar pregnancies are obligatory. Despite of the unfavourable initial conditions, our study shows that relevance and continuing care can significantly reduce the morbidity of moles. PMID: 21458172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction)

Mixed germ cell tumor and hemangioblastoma in the cerebellum: report of a rare coexistence

Brain Tumor Pathology — Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:50:30 +0100

We report a case of a cerebellar tumor consisting of a mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) and a hemangioblastoma. A 22-year-old man presented with myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The tumor was totally removed, and the histological diagnosis was an undetermined neoplasm. Ten months later, the patient returned with cerebellar hemorrhage at the site of the previous tumor. An emergency craniotomy was performed, and a tumor mass adjacent to the hematoma was resected. Microscopic examination revealed a mixed GCT consisting of a germinoma, choriocarcinoma, and mature teratomatous component. An area of hemangioblastoma was also found in the same tumor mass. A retrospective examination of the histological sample from ...

CXCR7 and syndecan-4 are potential receptors for CXCL12 in human cytotrophoblasts

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we propose that CXCL12 binds to CXCR4, but also to CXCR7 and syndecan-4. These three receptors could mediate different functions of CXCL12, such as cell migration, directed invasion, proliferation and survival. The latter molecules might also be involved in the development of placental pathologies, such as preeclampsia or choriocarcinoma growth. (Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology)

Upregulation of HLA-G in JEG-3 cells by dexamethasone and hydrocortisone

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 23 Mar 2011 16:54:42 +0100

Conclusion We were able to upregulate HLA-G expression only in HLA-G+ve cell line. On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that the HLA-G gene expression can be upregulated only when the cell lines/cells have the basal expression and not in the cells that totally lack its expression. We have further hypothesized that these drugs may be used only in those women with recurrent miscarriages who show minimum basal expression level of HLA-G. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-1880-3Authors Ariz Akhter, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CSSMU, Lucknow, IndiaVinita Das, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CSSMU, Lucknow, IndiaSita Naik, Department of Immunology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, IndiaRehan Mujeeb Faridi, Department of Medical Genet...

Expression of membrane and nuclear progesterone receptors in two human placental choriocarcinoma cell lines (JEG-3 and BeWo): Effects of syncytialization.

International Journal of Molecular Medicine — Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zachariades E, Foster H, Goumenou A, Thomas P, Rand-Weaver M, Karteris E A vital function of the human placenta is to produce steroid hormones such as progesterone, which are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and the onset of parturition. Although choriocarcinoma cell lines are valuable placental models for investigations of steroid hormone actions, little is known about the expression of progesterone receptors (PRs) in these cell lines. Therefore, in this study, the expression of membrane and nuclear PRs was investigated in cultures of fusigenic (BeWo) and non-fusigenic (JEG-3) human choriocarcinoma cell lines. In addition, the effects of an inducer of syncytialization (forskolin) on the PR expression in BeWo cells were assessed. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that in ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

[Pathological features and origin of primary pineal mixed germ cell tumors.]

Journal of Southern Medical University — Sun, 20 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Xiao G, Fang LX, Qiu BH, Qi ST OBJECTIVE: To investigate the origin of mixed germ cell tumors in the pineal region based on the image data, surgical findings and pathological examination of the tumor. METHODS: The preoperative CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and tumor specimens were retrospectively analyzed in 15 cases of pineal mixed germ cell tumors confirmed by postoperative histological examination between January 2000 and September 2010. RESULTS: Radiographic examination of the tumor revealed calcification in 12 cases, cystic changes in 10 cases, and the presence of lipid in 5 cases. On the anteroposterior images, the tumors appeared round or elliptic with smooth edge in 6 cases, and showed irregular shape with multiple processes on the edge in 9 cases. S...

Reporting and incidence trends of hydatidiform mole in Sweden 1973-2004.

Acta Oncologica — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 15:15:24 +0100

Conclusion. The incidence of HM in Sweden has increased over time, and is characterized by a bimodal pattern with distinctive peaks in the youngest and oldest women of reproductive age. More than one third of all women registered with choriocarcinoma had a previous diagnosis of HM. Despite mandatory reporting, there was evidence of underreporting of HM to the SCR that remained virtually unchanged over calendar time. PMID: 21395467 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Oncologica)

Effect of oxygen concentrations on sodium-iodide symporter expression and iodide uptake and hCG expression in human choriocarcinorma BeWo cells.

American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li H, Landers K, Patel J, Richard K, Mortimer RH Normal human fetal development requires an adequate supply of thyroid hormone from conception. Until about 16 weeks gestation this is supplied entirely by placental transfer of maternal hormone. Subsequently the fetal thyroid synthesises thyroid hormones, requiring a supply of maternal iodide. Trophoblast iodide transfer is mediated by the apical Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS). Placental oxygen levels are low in early pregnancy (~1%), rising with placental vascularisation to a plateau of ~8% at about 16 weeks. While the impact of these changing oxygen levels on placental implantation are well recognized, effects on trophoblast materno-fetal exchange are less understood. We investigated expression of the NIS regulator hCG, NIS mRN...

Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Gynecologic Cancers.

Current Cancer Drug Targets — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We present here the clinical potential of blocking the RAS as a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of gynecologic cancers. PMID: 21395551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Cancer Drug Targets)

Dysgerminoma and gonadal dysgenesis: The need for a new diagnosis tree for suspected ovarian tumours

Journal of Pediatric Urology — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In the case of a suspected ovarian tumour, delayed pubertal development, moderate βHCG level and elevated FSH level are clinical and biological clues to a diagnosis of dysgerminoma in the context of PGD and should prompt karyotype analysis before surgery. Because FSH is an efficient indirect marker of this condition, we suggest including this analysis in the management of gonadal tumours. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Urology)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Cutaneous Metastases in Neonates: A Review

Pediatric Dermatology — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Two hundred eight neonates with malignant tumors and cutaneous metastases were reviewed. Malignancies most often associated with cutaneous metastases, in order of rank, were leukemia, multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis, neuroblastoma, rhabdoid tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, choriocarcinoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma. Bluish skin nodules producing the “blueberry muffin baby”‐like appearance were the most common dermatologic finding in 171, or 82% of 208 neonates. The tendency of newborns to present with skin nodules is one of the significant differences between malignancies in younger and older children. Patients with rhabdoid tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma had the lowest survival rates, 4% and 15%, respectively, compared with leukemia, 37...

Logarithmic decrease of serum alpha-fetoprotein or human chorionic gonadotropin in response to chemotherapy can distinguish a subgroup with better prognosis among highly malignant intracranial non-germinomatous germ cell tumors

Journal of Neuro-Oncology — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 17:17:08 +0100

Abstract Intracranial non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are considered reliable markers for making diagnosis, the relationship between serum concentration of them and prognosis remains unclear. The present study investigated the decrease of serum tumor markers AFP and HCG as prognostic factors for patients with highly malignant NGGCTs. Eight consecutive patients with AFP > 1000 ng/ml or HCG > 2000 mIU/ml at initial treatments after January 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Serum AFP or HCG concentration and tumor volume were sequentially measured during the therapeutic period. Six patients were treated by neoadjuvant ch...

Phase III Trial of Weekly Methotrexate or Pulsed Dactinomycin for Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study [Gynecologic Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The biweekly dactinomycin regimen has a higher CR rate than the weekly IM methotrexate regimen in low-risk GTN, a generally curable disease. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Unusual clinical and radiological presentation of metastatic choriocarcinoma to the brain and long-term remission following emergency craniotomy and adjuvant EMA-CO chemotherapy

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Ravi Dadlani, Sunil V Furtado, Nandita Ghosal, KV Prasanna, AS HegdeJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2010 6(4):552-556Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant tumor of gestational trophoblast origin. Metastasis to brain is considered a poor prognostic indicator. Recent advances in adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy have led to an excellent outcome of these patients. Craniotomy is indicated in selected cases with cerebral metastases. The authors report an interesting case of an aggressive choriocarcinoma with multiple metastases to the brain and viscera. The patient had radiological evidence of new lesions occurring almost every week while on the initial treatment and yet had a complete long-term remission with EMA-CO therapy. The interesting presentation, radiology and adjuvant...

Factors affecting cytotrophoblast cell viability and differentiation: Evidence of a link between syncytialisation and apoptosis.

The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chen YX, Allars M, Maiti K, Angeli GL, Abou-Seif C, Smith R, Nicholson RC A relationship between cytotrophoblast differentiation (syncytialisation) and apoptosis is hypothesised to exist, but has not been clearly determined. To address this, we explored the effects of cAMP, an inducer of syncytialisation, on human choriocarcinoma cell differentiation and viability under three different culture condition related to diverse survival status: no serum, 10% fetal calf serum or 10% charcoal-stripped fetal calf serum. 8-Br-cAMP increased BeWo cell viability in culture media without serum, but viability was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner when serum was present. The appearance of apoptotic nuclei fragments were only observed when BeWo cells were cultured in media contai...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Metastatic choriocarcinoma

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry — Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)

RNA-binding protein LIN28 is a marker for testicular germ cell tumors

Human Pathology — Wed, 02 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Summary: LIN28 is an RNA-binding protein involved in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, we performed immunohistochemical staining of LIN28 in 103 primary and 81 metastatic testicular germ cell tumors (54 intratubular germ cell neoplasias, unclassified type; 49 primary and 20 metastatic classic seminomas; 35 primary and 24 metastatic embryonal carcinomas; 35 primary and 15 metastatic yolk sac tumors; 23 primary and 12 metastatic teratomas; 6 primary and 10 metastatic choriocarcinomas; and 5 spermatocytic seminomas). The percentage of tumor cell stained was scored as 0 (0%), 1+ (≤30%), 2+ (31%-60%), 3+ (61%-90%), and 4+ (>90%). We stained LIN28 in 327 non–germ cell tumors to determine its specificity. We also compa...

Survival and reproductive outcomes in women treated for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival was 100% among patients with both local and advanced MOGCTs, including those who underwent fertility-sparing surgery. Fertility-sparing surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to have little or no effect on fertility or menstrual cycles. PMID: 21256579 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Increase in the incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease in The Netherlands.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The incidence of GTD in The Netherlands increased significantly from 1995 to 2008. This can partially be explained by increased maternal age and increased proportion of live births of Asian descent. Part of the increase might result from improved diagnostic techniques. However, these factors do not seem to account for the total observed increase and part of the increase therefore remains unexplained. PMID: 21247618 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/Tyrosine Kinase B Signaling Regulates Human Trophoblast Growth in an in Vivo Animal Model of Ectopic Pregnancy.

Endocrinology — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kawamura K, Kawamura N, Kumazawa Y, Kumagai J, Fujimoto T, Tanaka T Although medical treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy using methotrexate has been established, development of more potent and safer medical treatment is needed due to limited indications and side effects of methotrexate. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signals through its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) to regulate the growth of malignant trophoblastic, choriocarcinoma cell. We investigated possible involvement of this signaling system in nonmalignant human trophoblast growth in both ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy. Here, we demonstrated the expression of BDNF in syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) together with TrkB in cytotrophoblasts and EVTs in human placental villi...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Trophoblastic vasculogenic mimicry in gestational choriocarcinoma

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Modern Pathology advance online publication, January 7, 2011. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.231 Author: Ie-Ming Shih (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Gastric cancer with choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor components: Case report

Pathology International — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of gastric adenocarcinoma, concurrently possessing choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor components, of a 74‐year‐old man. A hemorrhagic, 11 × 8 × 3 cm, tumor with ulceration was located in the body and pre‐pylorus of the stomach. Histological examination of the resected specimens demonstrated intermingled proliferation of three different components, namely, adenocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor, which were immunoreactive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), beta‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), respectively. Gastric cancers with germ cell tumor components are uncommon and this is the second reported case of gastric cancer with choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor components. (Source: Pathology Internat...

Gestational Choriocarcinoma Arising from an Ectopic Pregnancy

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery — Fri, 31 Dec 2010 09:03:03 +0100

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery Dec 2010, Vol. 26, No. 4: 273-274. (Source: Journal of Gynecologic Surgery)

Minimum regions of genomic imbalance in stage I testicular embryonal carcinoma and association of 22q loss with relapse

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent solid tumor to affect young adult males and are histologically divided into seminomas and nonseminomas (NS). NS comprise undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) and differentiated tumors with embryonic (teratoma) or extra‐embryonic (choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor) features. In contrast to other subtypes, EC have uniform cellular morphology and lack normal cell infiltrates, ideal for nucleic acid profiling. EC are under‐represented in previous studies due to their relative rarity. To gain insights into NS tumorigenesis, metastatic dissemination and potential markers of relapse, a full tiling path BAC platform was used to obtain array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) profiles from 32 formalin fixed paraffin embed...

Oxygen concentration regulates expression and uptake of transthyretin, a thyroxine binding protein, in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells

Placenta — Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the regulation of TTR expression, secretion and uptake in JEG-3 placental cells cultured at different oxygen concentrations. TTR mRNA and protein expression and 125I-TTR and Alexa-Fluor594-TTR uptake were significantly higher in cells cultured at 1% and 3% O2, than at 8% O2. This suggests that increased carrier mediated T4 transport by placental TTR may be induced by the low oxygen environment of early pregnancy, a time when the fetus has its highest requirement for transport of maternal T4. (Source: Placenta)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

The preparation of label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on the Pt-Au alloy nanotube array for detection of human chorionic gonadotrophin.

International Journal of Clinical Chemistry — Fri, 10 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This sensor displayed high selectivity, long-term stability and simplicity. PMID: 21146510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry)

STOX2 but not STOX1 is differentially expressed in decidua from pre-eclamptic women: data from the Second Nord-Trondelag Health Study

Molecular Human Reproduction — Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we assess candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STOX1 in an independent population cohort of pre-eclamptic (n = 1.139) and non-pre-eclamptic (n = 2.269) women (the HUNT2 study). We also compare gene expression levels of STOX1 and its paralogue, Storkhead box-2 (STOX2) in decidual tissue from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR) (n = 40) to expression levels in decidual tissue from uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 59). We cannot confirm association of the candidate SNPs to pre-eclampsia (P > 0.05). For STOX1, no differential gene expression was observed in any of the case groups, whereas STOX2 showed significantly lower expression in deciduas from pregnancies complicated by both pre-eclampsia and FGR as compared with co...

Primary tubal choriocarcinoma

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

(No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Downregulation of ASPP1 in gestational trophoblastic disease: correlation with hypermethylation, apoptotic activity and clinical outcome

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Victor C Y Mak, Lee Lee, Michelle K Y Siu, Oscar G W Wong, Xin Lu, Hextan Y S Ngan, Esther S Y Wong & Annie N Y Cheung (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Primary Intracranial Choriocarcinoma: MR Imaging Findings [PEDIATRICS]

American Journal of Neuroradiology — Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

SUMMARY: PICCC is the rarest, most malignant primary intracranial GCT. The purpose of this study was to describe and characterize the MR imaging findings in a series of 7 patients (6 males and 1 female; mean age, 11.9 years) with pathologically proved PICCC in our institution from 2004 to 2009. All tumors were located within the pineal (n = 6) or suprasellar (n = 1) regions. On T2-weighted MR imaging, the lesions appeared markedly heterogeneous with areas of both hypointensity and hyperintensity reflecting the histologic heterogeneity, including hemorrhage, fibrosis, cysts, or necrosis. Heterogeneous (n = 7), ringlike (n = 4), and/or intratumoral nodular (n = 3) enhancement was noted on T1-weighted images with gadolinium. These MR imaging findings, combined with patient age and serum &beta...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Malignant germ cell tumors associated with Swyer syndrome

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We present a case of 14‐year‐old female with 46, XY karyotype with choriocarcinoma in one gonad and dysgerminoma in the second one. Pediatr Blood Cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Ruptured cerebral oncotic aneurysm from choriocarcinoma: report of two cases and review of the literature

Acta Neurochirurgica — Sat, 06 Nov 2010 20:19:05 +0100

Abstract The study design involved case reports and review of the literature. Oncotic aneurysm from choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare event that should be known by all neurosurgeons and suspected in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this article is to report the authors’ experience and to provide insight on clinical presentation and radiological signs to aware the reader to this entity and then to prevent misdiagnosis. The authors report two cases of ruptured oncotic aneurysm treated at their institution in 2010. A review of the literature was performed to discuss the pathogenesis and the role of the neurosurgeon. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice making surgery necessary only for patients with large intracerebral haematoma that represents an immediate t...

Inhibition of HTRA3 stimulates trophoblast invasion during human placental development

Placenta — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Controlled invasion of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) is necessary for implantation and placentation. The serine protease HTRA3 is highly expressed in decidual cells in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and throughout pregnancy. During the first trimester it is expressed in most trophoblast cell types, but not in the invading interstitial trophoblast. HTRA3 and its family members are down-regulated in a number of cancers and are proposed as tumour-suppressors. The current study investigated whether inhibiting HTRA3 in a first trimester trophoblast cell line expressing high levels of HTRA3 would alter invasion.HTR-8/SVneo (HTR-8, derived from first trimester placenta) and a number of choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3, AC-1M88 and AC-1M32) were screened for HTRA3 expressio...

Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor neuropilin-1 at the human embryo–maternal interface

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This is the first study clearly showing the expression of NRP-1 in human decidua and trophoblast, suggesting an important role for the VEGF co-receptor NRP-1 besides the established receptor VEGFR2 at the embryo–maternal interface during embryonic implantation and placentation. (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

Gestational Choriocarcinoma Transmission Following Multiorgan Donation

American Journal of Transplantation — Sat, 30 Oct 2010 01:08:44 +0100

An accidental transmission of placental choriocarcinoma (CC) from a multiorgan donor to four recipients is reported. The donor was a 26‐year‐old pregnant woman, died from a cerebral hemorrhage. Histological examination demonstrated the presence of a placental CC. Diagnosis of CC transmission was established on the basis of an increase of human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG) level. The recipient of combined pancreas–kidney is still in complete remission 2 years after the beginning of chemotherapy without removal of the grafted organs which show optimal function. The recipient of a single kidney was rapidly transplantectomized and treated with actinomycin. At 2 years, she remains in remission. Liver recipient showed intestinal metastasis and died from digestive hemorrhage after ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

An outwardly rectifying chloride channel in BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line

Placenta — Fri, 22 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, an outwardly rectifying chloride channel was characterized in the trophoblastic cell line BeWo, a human hormone-synthesizing cell which displays many biochemical and morphological properties similar to those reported for the human cytotrophoblast. Ion channel activity was recorded in the cell attached and inside-out configurations with standard patch-clamp technology. In most of the BeWo cells studied, the channel under symmetrical N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG-Cl) concentration (Na+ free solution) in both sides of the membrane exhibited spontaneous activity, an outwardly rectifying current/voltage relationship and single-channel conductances of 15 pS and 48 pS for inwards and outwards currents, respectively. The channel has a low permeability for gluconate with a relative pe...

Gobal DNA methylation in fetal human germ cells and germ cell tumors: correlation with differentiation and cisplatin resistance

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics — Sat, 16 Oct 2010 14:33:06 +0100

Differences in the global methylation pattern, i.e., hyper- as well as hypo-methylation, are observed in cancer, including germ cell tumors (GCTs). Related to their precursor cells, the GCT methylation status differs according to histology. We investigated the methylation pattern of normal fetal, infantile, and adult germ cells (n = 103) and GCTs (n = 251) by immunohistochemical staining for 5-mCytidine. We found that the global methylation pattern of male germ cells changes from hypomethylation to hypermethylation, while female germ cells remain unmethylated at all stages. Undifferentiated GCTs (seminomas, intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified, and gonadoblastomas) were hypomethylated, whereas more differentiated GCTs (teratomas, yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinomas) showed a higher ...

Expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases in human gynecological cancer cell lines

BMC Cancer — Tue, 12 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Ishikawa, Caski, OAW-42 and BeWo cell lines could be the best choice for all future experiments on MMP regulation and their role in endometrial, cervical, ovarian or choriocarcinoma development, whereas the teratocarcinoma cell line PA1 could be used as a positive control for general MMP experiments. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Regulates Proliferation and Invasion of Rat Placental Cell Lines.

Biology of Reproduction — Tue, 05 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lafontaine L, Chaudhry P, Lafleur MJ, Van Themsche C, Soares MJ, Asselin E Implantation of an embryo in the endometrium is a critical step for continuation of pregnancy and implantation failure is a major cause of infertility. In rats, the implantation process involves invasion of the endometrial epithelial lining by the trophoblastic cells in order to reach the underneath stromal cells. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) is a multifunctional cytokine which regulates proliferation, differentiation and invasiveness of multiple cell lineages. We used rat HRP-1 and RCHO-1 placental cell lines to perform this study. HRP-1 cells were derived from a midgestation chorioallantoic placental explants of the outbred Holtzman rat, whereas RCHO-1 cells were established from a rat chori...

Splenic rupture: a rare presentation of metastatic choriocarcinoma

Gynecological Surgery — Tue, 05 Oct 2010 18:05:41 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10397-010-0630-zAuthors S. Nethra, Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Road, Chester, CH2 1UL UKJed Hawe, Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Road, Chester, CH2 1UL UKJackie Elder, Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Road, Chester, CH2 1UL UK Journal Gynecological SurgeryOnline ISSN 1613-2084Print ISSN 1613-2076 (Source: Gynecological Surgery)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

PIBF regulates trophoblast invasion

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Mon, 04 Oct 2010 21:10:45 +0100

Introduction: A progesterone-induced gene PIBF encodes a protein which mediates several of the immunological effects of progesterone. Recent data revealed an inverse relationship between PIBF and leptin receptor expression in normal 1st trimester trophoblast, incomplete and complete mole as well as in choriocarcinoma. These findings suggest a role of PIBF in invasiveness. (Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology)

Modulation of RXR alpha and leptin receptor expression in choriocarcinoma cells and their co-expression with M30-CytoDeath in miscarried placentas

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Mon, 04 Oct 2010 21:10:41 +0100

Introduction: Enhanced expression of retinoid-X-receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and leptin receptor (LR) are found in villous- (VT) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) of miscarried placentas. Leptin, which has an anti-apoptotic characteristic, is downregulated in abortive tissue. Abortion is associated with apoptosis of EVT. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the retinoids 9-cis- (9-cisRA), all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and the PPARγ agonist 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-J2 (15d-J2) on the expression of RXR alpha and LR in choriocarcinoma cells in vitro. An additional focus was the determination of the expression of RXR alpha respectively LR with the apoptotic marker M30-CytoDEATH (M30) in miscarried placentas. (Source: Journal of Reproductive Immunology)

Influence of galectin-1 on syncytium formation, proliferation and signal processes in trophoblast tumor cells BeWo

Journal of Reproductive Immunology — Mon, 04 Oct 2010 21:10:35 +0100

Introduction: Galectin-1 (gal-1), a member of the mammalian β-galactoside-binding proteins, exerts biological effects by the recognition of glycan ligands, including those involved in cell adhesion metastasis, cell growth regulation and apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that gal-1 recognizes appropriate glycotopes on choriocarcinoma cells BeWo, which reveal two coexisting phenotypes, the cytotrophoblast-like and the syncytiotrophoblast-like phenotype. This information led to the question if gal-1, via its two carbohydrate binding sites, could influence the fusion formation in trophoblast cells. Although it has been demonstrated that gal-1 induces cell differentiation processes in trophoblast cells, no information on its signal transduction processes is available so far. As phosphorylati...

In Vitro Approaches to Evaluate Placental Drug Transport by Using Differentiating JEG‐3 Human Choriocarcinoma Cells

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: (Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology)

Fbxw8 is involved in the proliferation of human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells.

Molecular Biology Reports — Tue, 28 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lin P, Fu J, Zhao B, Lin F, Zou H, Liu L, Zhu C, Wang H, Yu X Fbxw8 is the F-box component of a SCF-like E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Mice lacking Fbxw8 exhibit pathological defects in placenta and embryo similar to fetal growth retardation, suggesting a role of Fbxw8 in placentation. Proliferative capacity of trophoblast cells is very important in placental development. In this context, we revealed that Fbxw8 was expressed in four different human trophoblast cell lines. Silencing of Fbxw8 expression by siRNA inhibited the growth of choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. By Western blotting, cell cycle analysis, we showed that down-regulation of Fbxw8 by RNAi induced cell-growth arrest at G2/M phase through decreasing the levels of CDK1, CDK2, cyclin A and cyclin B1 and up-regulation of...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Malignant Mixed Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor with Embryonal Component

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology — Tue, 28 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Malignant germ cell tumors frequently affect adolescent women of reproductive age. Management of these tumors requires consideration of fertility sparing surgical techniques and chemotherapy management. Using these techniques, the vast majority of patients will maintain their ovarian function and the ability to bear children after their recovery. (Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology)

Expression of UTF1 in Primary and Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 23 Sep 2010 21:42:22 +0100

Authors: Wang P, Li J, Allan RW, Guo CC, Peng Y, Cao D We immunohistochemically evaluated UTF1 in 104 primary and 68 metastatic testicular germ cell tumors and 339 non-germ cell tumors. The percentage of tumor cells stained was semiquantitatively scored (0, no tumor cell staining; 1+, â¤30% of cells; 2+, 31%-60% of cells; 3+, 61%-90% of cells; 4+, >90% of cells). Staining intensity (nuclear) was scored as weak, moderate, or strong. UTF1 staining was seen in all 56 intratubular germ cell neoplasias, unclassified type (2+, 1; 3+, 2; 4+, 53; weak, 4; moderate, 49; strong, 3), all 72 seminomas (1+, 2; 2+, 4; 3+, 8; 4+, 58; weak, 10; moderate, 33; strong, 29), and 59 embryonal carcinomas (3+, 2; 4+, 57; moderate, 1; strong, 58). Weak UTF1 staining was seen in 15 of 37 yolk sac tumors...

Calponin 3 Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangement in Trophoblastic Cell Fusion.

Mol Biol Cell — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shibukawa Y, Yamazaki N, Kumasawa K, Daimon E, Tajiri M, Okada Y, Ikawa M, Wada Y Monitoring Editor: Yu-Li Wang Cell-cell fusion is an intriguing differentiation process, essential for placental development and maturation. A proteomic approach identified a cytoplasmic protein, calponin 3 (CNN3), related to the fusion of BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. CNN3 was expressed in cytotrophoblasts in human placenta. CNN3 gene knockdown promoted actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and syncytium formation in BeWo cells, suggesting CNN3 to be a negative regulator of trophoblast fusion. Indeed, CNN3 depletion promoted BeWo cell fusion. CNN3 at the cytoplasmic face of cytoskeleton was dislocated from F-actin with forskolin treatment and diffused into the cytoplasm in a phosphorylation dependent m...

Trophoblast invasion: Assessment of cellular models using gene expression signatures

Placenta — Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Invasive, extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) of the human placenta are critically involved in successful pregnancy outcome since they remodel the uterine spiral arteries to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to the placenta and the developing fetus. To gain more insights into their biological role different primary cell culture models are commonly utilised. However, access to early placental tissue may be limited and primary trophoblasts rapidly cease proliferation in vitro impairing genetic manipulation. Hence, trophoblastic cell lines have been widely used as surrogates to study EVT function. Although the cell lines share some molecular markers with their primary counterpart, it is unknown to what extent they recapitulate the invasive phenotype of EVT. Therefore, we here repo...

Gestational trophoblastic disease: histopathological diagnosis in the molecular era

Diagnostic Histopathology — Sun, 19 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Gestational trophoblastic disease is a heterogeneous group of proliferative disorders of the placental trophoblasts, often with challenging morphology, posing diagnostic problems for the general, even specialty pathologists. In this review we discuss characteristic histological features of complete- and partial hydatidiform moles, with special focus on the diagnosis of hydatidiform moles evacuated at early stage and their mimics. The diagnostic criteria and potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of gestational choriocarcinoma and two rare, unique neoplasms of the intermediate trophoblast – placental site trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour – are presented, along with their differential diagnoses from two tumour-like conditions including exaggerated placenta...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Podoplanin, a novel marker for seminoma: A comparison study evaluating immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin and OCT3/4

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Sat, 18 Sep 2010 07:34:40 +0100

In this study we investigate the utility of podoplanin expression in the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Sixty-eight cases of testicular mixed germ cell tumors were analyzed using a polyclonal antibody and compared to the results for OCT3/4. Stained sections were graded semiquantitatively as follows: negative (no expression), 1+ (mild intensity), 2+ (moderate intensity), 3+ (intense staining). Diffuse cytoplasmic expression of podoplanin with membrane accentuation was seen in the seminoma component of all cases. Lymphocytes and interstitial cells were negative. In mixed germ cell tumors, podoplanin identified small clusters of seminoma cells lying adjacent to nonseminomatous components. Focal staining was present in one third of cases of choriocarcinoma. There was no significant ...

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a patient with extragonadal choriocarcinoma - significance of onconeural antibodies.

Onkologie — Fri, 17 Sep 2010 09:09:02 +0100

Conclusions: Patients with symptoms of limbic or brainstem encephalitis, especially young men, should be tested for anti-Ma2 antibodies in the serum to elucidate their origin. The detection of these antibodies supports the diagnosis of a paraneoplastic syndrome, and may lead to the earlier identification of an otherwise hidden extragonadal germ cell tumor. PMID: 20838061 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)

Laparoscopic surgery in the management of choriocarcinoma. A case report

Gynecological Surgery — Tue, 14 Sep 2010 05:58:48 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10397-010-0624-xAuthors Ana Moreno-Collado, Department of Gynaecology, HUM La Fe, N. 1 Pintor Vilar street, 0-5, 46010 Valencia, SpainJuan Gilabert-Estellés, Department of Gynaecology, HUM La Fe, N. 1 Pintor Vilar street, 0-5, 46010 Valencia, SpainSilvana Aniorte-Martinez, Department of Gynaecology, HUM La Fe, N. 1 Pintor Vilar street, 0-5, 46010 Valencia, SpainNoemí Galindo-Mateu, Department of Gynaecology, HUM La Fe, N. 1 Pintor Vilar street, 0-5, 46010 Valencia, SpainMarta Molina-Planta, Department of Gynaecology, HUM La Fe, N. 1 Pintor Vilar street, 0-5, 46010 Valencia, SpainGema Higueras, Department of Gynaecology, HUM La Fe, N. 1 Pintor Vilar street, 0-5, 46010 Valencia, SpainFernando Ruiz-Ripoll, Department of Gynaecology, HUM La Fe, N....

Gestational trophoblastic disease II: classification and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 27 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. The overall cure rate in treating these tumors is currently >90%. Thorough evaluation and staging allow selection of appropriate therapy that maximizes chances for cure while minimizing toxicity. Nonmetastatic (stage I) and low-risk metastatic (stages II and III, score (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

[Seminar] Gestational trophoblastic disease

LANCET — Thu, 26 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Gestational trophoblastic disease encompasses a range of pregnancy-related disorders, consisting of the premalignant disorders of complete and partial hydatidiform mole, and the malignant disorders of invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and the rare placental-site trophoblastic tumour. These malignant forms are termed gestational trophoblastic tumours or neoplasia. Improvements in management and follow-up protocols mean that overall cure rates can exceed 98% with fertility retention, whereas most women would have died from malignant disease 60 years ago. This success can be explained by the development of effective treatments, the use of human chorionic gonadotropin as a biomarker, and centralisation of care. We summarise strategies for management of gestational trophoblastic disease and addre...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

HER1 Signaling Mediates Extravillous Trophoblast Differentiation in Humans.

Biology of Reproduction — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This study examines the role of HER1 signaling in the differentiation of proliferative extravillous trophoblast (EVT) into invasive EVT. Using the JAR choriocarcinoma cell line and placental villous explants as experimental models and immunohistochemical assessment of protein markers of EVT differentiation (downregulation of HER1, Cx40, and upregulation of HER2 and alpha1 integrin), we show that the ability of decidual conditioned medium (DCM) to induce HER1/2 switching was abrogated in the presence of the HER1 antagonist, AG1478. Similarly, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment resulted in the downregulation of HER1 and an upregulation of HER2 expression whereas co-incubation of EGF with AG1478 inhibited this response. However EGF did not downregulate Cx40 or induce migration of EVT. In...

Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 23 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Background: hCG is a term referring to 4 independent molecules, each produced by separate cells and each having completely separate functions. These are hCG produced by villous syncytiotrophoblast cells, hyperglycosylated hCG produced by cytotrophoblast cells, free beta-subunit made by multiple primary non-trophoblastic malignancies, and pituitary hCG made by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary.Results and discussionhCG has numerous functions. hCG promotes progesterone production by corpus luteal cells; promotes angiogenesis in uterine vasculature; promoted the fusion of cytotrophoblast cell and differentiation to make syncytiotrophoblast cells; causes the blockage of any immune or macrophage action by mother on foreign invading placental cells; causes uterine growth parallel t...

Short Communication: Salvage chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide and actinomycin D in men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors with a choriocarcinoma component: A preliminary report

International Journal of Urology — Mon, 23 Aug 2010 08:07:44 +0100

(Source: International Journal of Urology)

Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Mon, 23 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Gestational trophoblastic disease includes hydatidiform mole (complete and partial) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor). The epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of each of these trophoblastic disease variants are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to management of hydatidiform mole, including evacuation, twin mole/normal fetus pregnancy, prophylactic chemotherapy, and follow-up. (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Activation of Toll-like receptor 5 decreases the attachment of human trophoblast cells to endometrial cells in vitro

Human Reproduction — Tue, 17 Aug 2010 16:14:39 +0100

CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a novel mechanism by which the presence of intrauterine infection through TLR5 activation may result in implantation failure. These data may provide a new opportunity in the management of infertility cases. (Source: Human Reproduction)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Wnt Signalling in Implantation, Decidualisation and Placental Differentiation – Review

Placenta — Mon, 16 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The family of secreted Wingless ligands plays major roles in embryonic development, stem cell maintenance, differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the canonical Wnt pathway involving nuclear recruitment of β-catenin and activation of Wnt-dependent transcription factors is also critically involved in development and differentiation of the diverse reproductive tissues. Here, we summarise our present knowledge about expression, regulation and function of Wnt ligands and their frizzled receptors in murine and human endometrial and placental cell types. In mice, Wnt signalling promotes early trophoblast lineage development, blastocyst activation, implantation and chorion–allantois fusion. Moreover, different Wnt ligands play essential roles in th...

Persisting pregnancy of unknown location—Keep your eyes peeled for choriocarcinoma

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Fri, 13 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report on a young woman who was initially treated for PPUL but whose clinical course showed a grievous outcome. (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

The choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo: Syncytial fusion and expression of syncytium-specific proteins.

Reproduction — Sun, 08 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: We postulate that beta-hCG protein expression is not necessarily linked to syncytial fusion and thus beta-hCG should be used with great caution as a marker of BeWo cell fusion. PMID: 20696850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Reproduction)

Predictive values of hCG clearance for risk of methotrexate resistance in low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasias

Annals of Oncology — Wed, 28 Jul 2010 14:46:52 +0100

Conclusion: In the second largest cohort of low-risk GTN patients reported to date, choriocarcinoma pathology and CLhCG ≤0.37 l/day were major independent predictive factors for MTX resistance risk. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

MedWorm: Choriocarcinoma

A rare case of bilateral massive hemothorax from spontaneous rupture of a primary mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor.

Imaging of the Placenta with Pathologic Correlation

A Rare Case of Bilateral Massive Hemothorax From Spontaneous Rupture of a Primary Mediastinal Mixed Germ Cell Tumor [CASE REPORTS]

Human Placental Expression of SLIT/ROBO Signaling Cues: Effects of Preeclampsia and Hypoxia.

Sonographic appearance of an advanced invasive mole and associated metastatic thrombus in the inferior vena cava

Effects of the organophosphate insecticides phosmet and chlorpyrifos on trophoblast JEG-3 cell death, proliferation and inflammatory molecule production.

The Molecular Role of Connexin 43 in Human Trophoblast Cell Fusion.

Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases: The Role of Ultrasound Imaging

An update on gestational trophoblastic disease

[Primary choriocarcinoma of the maxillary gingival.]

NLRP7 and the genetics of post-molar choriocarcinomas in Senegal

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Aorticopulmonary paraganglioma

NLRP7 Co-localizes with Golgi and MTOC [Genomics and Proteomics]

Antitrophoblast antibodies are associated with recurrent miscarriages

Ectopic Choriocarcinoma Masquerading As a Persisting Pregnancy of Unknown Location: Case Report and Review of the Literature [DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY]

Choroidal Metastases in Testicular Choriocarcinoma, successful treatment with chemo- and radiotherapy: a case report.

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX in genitourinary and adrenal tumours

Coexisting metastatic choriocarcinoma and bladder adenocarcinoma of common germ cell origin.

Current Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Gestatational Trophoblastic Disease: Multimodality Imaging Assessment With Special Emphasis on Spectrum of Abnormalities and Value of Imaging in Staging and Management of Disease

Choriocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon: report of a case

Is galectin-1 a trigger for trophoblast cell fusion?: the MAP-kinase pathway and syncytium formation in trophoblast tumour cells BeWo

Spectrum of cardiac tumors excluding myxoma: Experience of a tertiary center with review of the literature.

Choriocarcinoma with brain involvement

Unusual clinical and radiological presentation of metastatic choriocarcinoma to the brain and long-term remission following emergency craniotomy and adjuvant EMA-CO chemotherapy: Response to the Letter

Of leaves and butterflies: how methotrexate came to be the savior of women.

Pure non‐gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma in a 45,XO/46,XX SRY‐negative true hermaphrodite

Effect on the Production of Soluble Endoglin from Human Choriocarcinoma Cells by Preeclampsia Sera

Progress of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Metastasis of Gestational Choriocarcinoma

Immunohistochemical testing of BRAF V600E status in 1,120 tumor tissue samples of patients with brain metastases

Online combination of reversed‐phase/reversed‐phase and porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography for multicomponent separation of proteomics and glycoproteomics samples

Glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) protein expression in human placenta across gestation

Mediastinal Choriocarcinoma Masquerading as Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma

Phosphorylation of JAK2 by serotonin 5-HT2A receptor activates both STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways and increases growth of JEG-3 human placental choriocarcinoma cell

50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Precocious Puberty Due to Secreting Chorionepithelioma (Teratoma) of the Brain

Twist Regulates Cadherin-Mediated Differentiation and Fusion of Human Trophoblastic Cells.

Residual tumor after the salvage surgery is the major risk factors for primary treatment failure in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: A retrospective study of single institution.

A nucleolar protein, H19 opposite tumor suppressor (HOTS), is a tumor growth inhibitor encoded by a human imprinted H19 antisense transcript [Medical Sciences]

Spontaneous Uterine Perforation of Choriocarcinoma with Negative Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin after Chemotherapy

Nitric oxide generation affects pro- and anti-angiogenic growth factor expression in primary human trophoblast

Divalent Metal Transporter 1 Expression and Regulation in Human Placenta.

Contribution of referent pathologists to the quality of trophoblastic diseases diagnosis

Impact of CCN3 (NOV) glycosylation on migration/invasion properties and cell growth of the choriocarcinoma cell line Jeg3

MUC1 Expression Is Elevated in Severe Preeclamptic Placentas and Suppresses Trophoblast Cell Invasion via {beta}1-Integrin Signaling.

Does malaoxon play a role in the geno- and cytotoxic effects of malathion on human choriocarcinoma cells?

Azithromycin and spiramycin induce anti-inflammatory response in human trophoblastic (BeWo) cells infected by Toxoplasma gondii but are able to control infection

Alpha thalassemia major – A hematological prelude to an oncological problem

Carcinoma of the breast with choriocarcinomatous features.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator Expression in Human and Rat Placentas and Transcription Activity in Human Trophoblast Cultures

Clinical presentation of molar pregnancy at a teaching hospital in Iran, 1996–2006

The seminoma cell line TCam‐2 is sensitive to HDAC inhibitor depsipeptide but tolerates various other chemotherapeutic drugs and loss of NANOG expression

Differential expression and the anti-apoptotic effect of human placental neurotrophins and their receptors

Unusual tumor: Primary gastric choriocarcinoma.

Metastatic choriocarcinoma presenting and treated during viable pregnancy: a case report

A Profile of Cases of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia at a Large Tertiary Centre in Dubai

Establishment of a Choriocarcinoma Model from Immortalized Normal Extravillous Trophoblast Cells Transduced with HRASV12.

Mixed germ cell testicular tumor presenting as metastatic cutaneous choriocarcinoma

ADAM and Dysferlin in pathology placenta

Comparison of leukemia inhibitory factor-induced intracellular signalling in different trophoblastic cell lines

Role of IL-6 group of cytokines in trophoblast invasion and proliferation

Cancer in pregnancy

Stimulation of serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor signaling increases placental aromatase (CYP19) activity and expression in BeWo and JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells

A Possible Coagulation‐Independent Mechanism for Pregnancy Loss Involving β2glycoprotein 1‐Dependent Antiphospholipid Antibodies and CD1d

[Pathogenic and tumorigenic effect of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in mouse colon and ovarian.]

TGF‐β1, EGF and FGF4 synergistically induce differentiation of the seminoma cell line TCam‐2 into a cell type resembling mixed non‐seminoma

TGF-β1, EGF and FGF4 synergistically induce differentiation of the seminoma cell line TCam-2 into a cell type resembling mixed non-seminoma.

Expression and interdependencies of pluripotency factors LIN28, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in human testicular germ cells and tumours of the testis

Expression and interdependencies of pluripotency factors LIN28, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in human testicular germ cells and tumours of the testis.

Impact of classification of mixed germ‐cell tumours on incidence trends of non‐seminoma

Pituitary choriocarcinoma in an adolescent male: Tumor-derived CG and GH delay diagnosis.

Impact of classification of mixed germ-cell tumours on incidence trends of non-seminoma.

Effect of oxygen concentrations on sodium iodide symporter expression and iodide uptake and hCG expression in human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells

The role of galectin-1 in trophoblast differentiation and signal transduction

Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) and trophoblast invasiveness

Effects of intermittent high glucose on BeWo choriocarcinoma cells in culture

Gestational choriocarcinoma of Fallopian tube diagnosed with a combination of p57KIP2 immunostaining and short tandem repeat analysis: Case report

Wide-ranging DNA methylation differences of primary trophoblast cell populations and derived cell lines: implications and opportunities for understanding trophoblast function

Current Chemotherapeutic Management of Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Progress of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Metastasis  of Gestational Choriocarcinoma