MedWorm: Colorectal Cancer

High dose stereotactic body radiotherapy using three fractions for colorectal oligometastases

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:15:32 +0100

ConclusionsHigh dose SBRT for colorectal oligometastases was found to produce results comparable with surgical series. To improve local control, dose higher than 48 Gy are recommend when possible, but further study will be required to define the optimal normal tissue constraints and acceptable toxicity. J. Surg. Oncol © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Mutant allele specific imbalance modulates prognostic impact of KRAS mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma and is associated with worse overall survival

International Journal of Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:05:25 +0100

AbstractThe prognostic impact of distinct KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinomas is not fully characterized. We hypothesized that the prognostic impact of KRAS mutations is modulated by KRAS mutant allele specific imbalance (MASI). KRAS MASI was assessed by sequencing electropherograms in KRAS‐mutated colorectal carcinomas (N = 394, prospectively tested). The mechanism of KRAS MASI was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (N = 50). FISH showed that KRAS MASI developed by chromosome 12 hyperploidy (9/18, 50%) or KRAS amplification (1/18, 5.5%). KRAS MASI was more common in tumors with KRAS codon 13 than with codon 12 mutations (24/81, 30% vs. 54/313, 17%; odds ratio [OR], 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 – 3.5; P = 0.01). KRAS MASI was correlated with overall surv...

A Randomized Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention TrialA Randomized Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention Trial

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:19:18 +0100

This article recounts the challenging and sometimes onerous aspects of conducting a practice-based, randomized colorectal cancer screening intervention trial. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

virtualcolon

About.com Colon Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The virtual colonoscopy is a screening exam used to detect colon cancer. Learn more about this minimally invasive, fast test that detects colon cancer. (Source: About.com Colon Cancer)

Balancing oxaliplatin dose with neurological side effects in metastatic colon cancer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Colorado Denver) "Stop-and-go" dosing along with calcium and magnesium supplements reduce neurological side effects of oxaliplatin use with metastatic colon cancer patients. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

The omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits mouse mc‐26 colorectal cancer cell liver metastasis via inhibition of prostaglandin e2‐dependent cell motility

British Journal of Pharmacology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: EPA‐FFA inhibits MC‐26 CRC cell liver metastasis. EPA incorporation is associated with a ‘PGE2 to PGE3 switch’ in liver tumours. Inhibition of PGE2‐EP4 receptor‐dependent CRC cell motility likely contributes to the anti‐neoplastic activity of EPA.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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Children’s becomes first hospital in New England to complete six organ transplant

Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 15:57:55 +0100

The cover of today’s Boston Globe features the beaming face of Alannah Shevenell, a 9 year-old who will be heading home to Maine this morning after a three-month stay at Children’s Hospital Boston. For just under 100 days Alannah and her grandmother have been staying at Children’s while she received treatment for a rare and aggressive cancer that was compromising several of her internal organs. When all other treatments had failed, Heung Bae Kim, MD, director of Children’s Pediatric Transplant Center (PTC), suggested a multivisceral transplant that would remove Alannah’s tumor and replace the six organs that had been damaged by its presence. Under Kim’s guidance surgeons from Children’s PTC performed the 14-hour procedure. Once Alannah’s tumo...

Improved Detection Of Colorectal Cancer By Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Repeated screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSG) increased the detection of colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma in women by one-fourth and in men by one-third, according to a study published Jan. 31 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Endoscopic methods are known to have a higher sensitivity than fecal occult blood testing in detecting colorectal cancer and adenoma and repeated screening detects a higher number of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas when compared to a single screen... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Alcohol Consumption And Risk Of Colon Cancer In People With A Family History Of Such Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A study based on more than 87,000 women and 47,000 men in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, looks at whether there is a link between colon cancer and alcohol, and if so at what level of consumption, and the importance of a family history of the disease. A total of 1,801 cases of colon cancer were diagnosed during follow-up from 1980 onwards... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Interaction between alcohol drinking and obesity in relation to colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

BMC Public Health - Latest articles — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The effect of alcohol of drinking on CRC seems to be modified by obesity. (Source: BMC Public Health - Latest articles)

Evaluation of antigen specific recognition and cell mediated cytotoxicity by a modified lysispot assay in a rat colon carcinoma model

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The assay proved to be highly sensitive and specific, detecting even low frequencies of cytotoxic/activated cells and providing the evaluation of cytokine-expressing T cells as well as the extent of cytotoxicity against the target cells as independent functions. This assay may represent an important tool to be adopted in experimental settings including the development of vaccines or immune therapeutic strategies (Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research)

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[News] Mixed messages from US cancer report

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

US mortality rates for lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer decreased between 1999 and 2008, but incidence increased for several less common cancers, according to the American Cancer Society's annual report. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

[Cancer and Society] Voices from the front: February

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

“I made him wear the helmet!” They were a long-married couple who had grown alike: two large mid-60 year olds. Struggling with metastatic colon cancer, he wore a colostomy. His treatments depleted him, but they were keeping his liver metastasis in control. She was always worrying by his side. They had planned his treatments carefully, so that for this weekend he would feel well. Their children helped them load their four-wheeler onto the truck and bring it to the edge of the wilderness. It was a beautiful crisp autumn day in the northeastern USA. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

Milk fat globule membrane – a source of polar lipids for colon health?

International Journal of Dairy Technology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) surrounds fat globules, protects them against lipolysis and disperses the milk fat in the milk plasma. Besides their structural and emulsifying roles, in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that phospholipids and sphingolipids of MFGM possess cancer risk‐reducing properties. Several reports attribute its chemopreventive activity to products of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, which affect multiple cellular targets that control cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. With knowledge on the potential health benefits of MFGM lipids and proteins, dairy industries could in the future address their research in developing new functional dairy products enriched in beneficial MFGM components. (Source: International Journal of Dairy Technology)

Anal sphincter training benefits colorectal cancer surgery patients

MedWire News - Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

French researchers have demonstrated the benefits of anal sphincter rehabilitation for patients who undergo extensive rectal surgery for cancer. (Source: MedWire News - Oncology)

Second Sigmoid Study Ups Early Cancer Detection (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Gastroenterology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 22:15:50 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Repeat flexible sigmoidoscopy increased detection of colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma by one-fourth in women and one-third in men, a major screening trial found. (Source: MedPage Today Gastroenterology)

Alternative to Colonoscopy Spots Cancers, Too

MedlinePlus Health News — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 21:00:00 +0100

Study examines repeat sigmoidoscopy, a somewhat less-invasive screening method Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Colonoscopy, Colorectal Cancer (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

A proteomic profile of washing fluid from the colorectal tract to search for potential biomarkers of colon cancer

RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 14:49:04 +0100

Mol. BioSyst., 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C2MB05394B, PaperLaura Giusti, Pietro Iacconi, Ylenia Da Valle, Federica Ciregia, Tiziana Ventroni, Elena Donadio, Gino Giannaccini, Massimo Chiarugi, Liborio Torregrossa, Agnese Proietti, Fulvio Basolo, Antonio LucacchiniWashing fluid (WF) from the colorectal tract might be a source of cellular and secreted proteins of tumours, as found for tissue samples, moreover, WF samples have allowed us to find new potential proteins involved in colorectal cancer.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles)

Congressional Supporters of Science to Retire

Public Policy Reports — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 12:37:03 +0100

As the 2012 elections approach, more members of Congress are announcing their intention to withdraw from public life at the end of the 112th Congress. To date, 17 Representatives and 9 Senators plan to retire when the current session of Congress draws to a close. Among the soon to be retirees are several members who have been strong supporters of science. Representative Maurice Hinchey (D-NY) announced earlier this month that he plans to retire. Hinchey, who has served 10 terms in Congress, is a senior member of the House Appropriations Committee. In that role, he has defended federal investments in science. Hinchey has been treated for colon cancer, but recently was given a clean bill of health. Last week, Rep. Brad Miller (D-NC) announced that he will retire. He publically acknowledged...

Flexible sigmoidoscopy shown to increase detection of colorectal cancer

EurekAlert! - Cancer — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Journal of the National Cancer Institute) Repeated screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy increased the detection of colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma in women by one-fourth and in men by one-third, according to a study published Jan. 31 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)

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Cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratios in Georgia

Cancer — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:More fatal cancers, particularly prostate, cervical, and oral cancer in men were detected among blacks, especially in central Georgia, where health behavior and social/economic factors were worse. MIRs are an efficient indicator of survival and provide insight into racial cancer disparities. Additional examination of geographic determinants of cancer fatality in Georgia as indicated by MIRs is warranted. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society (Source: Cancer)

Comparison of adverse events during 5‐fluorouracil versus 5‐fluorouracil/oxaliplatin adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer

Cancer — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:The incremental harms of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5FU/oxaliplatin versus 5FU alone were modest in patients with stage III colon cancer who were insured by Medicare and Medicaid. The additional harms in patients aged ≥75 years largely were restricted to outpatient events and did not extend to an increased rate of hospitalization or early death. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society (Source: Cancer)

A phase 1 trial of E7974 administered on day 1 of a 21‐day cycle in patients with advanced solid tumors

Cancer — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that E7974 once every 21‐day cycle shows antitumor activity in patients with refractory solid tumors. The recommended phase 2 dose is 0.45 mg/m2. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society (Source: Cancer)

Sef Downregulation by Ras Causes MEK1/2 to Become Aberrantly Nuclear Localized Leading to Polyploidy and Neoplastic Transformation

Cancer Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we show how Ras activation causes aberrant nuclear localization of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; MEK) MEK1/2 to drive neoplastic transformation. Phosphorylated MEK1/2 was aberrantly located within the nucleus of primary colorectal tumors and human colon cancer cells, and oncogenic activation of Ras was sufficient to induce nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in intestinal epithelial cells. Enforced nuclear localization of MEK1 in epithelial cells or fibroblasts was sufficient for hyperactivation of ERK1/2, thereby driving cell proliferation, chromosomal polyploidy, and tumorigenesis. Notably, Ras-induced nuclear accumulation of activated MEK1/2 was reliant on downregulation of the spatial regul...

Antitumor Activity of BRAF Inhibitor Vemurafenib in Preclinical Models of BRAF-Mutant Colorectal Cancer

Cancer Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The protein kinase BRAF is a key component of the RAS–RAF signaling pathway which plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Mutations in BRAF at codon 600 promote catalytic activity and are associated with 8% of all human (solid) tumors, including 8% to 10% of colorectal cancers (CRC). Here, we report the preclinical characterization of vemurafenib (RG7204; PLX4032; RO5185426), a first-in-class, specific small molecule inhibitor of BRAFV600E in BRAF-mutated CRC cell lines and tumor xenograft models. As a single agent, vemurafenib shows dose-dependent inhibition of ERK and MEK phosphorylation, thereby arresting cell proliferation in BRAFV600-expressing cell lines and inhibiting tumor growth in BRAFV600E bearing xenograft models. Because vemur...

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Targeting Quiescent Tumor Cells via Oxygen and IGF-I Supplementation

Cancer Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we used a 3-dimensional tissue culture system to assay diffusible factors that can limit proliferation in the context of the tumor microenvironment, with the goal of identifying targets to heighten proliferative capacity in this setting. We found that supraphysiologic levels of insulin or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in combination with oxygen supplementation were sufficient to initiate proliferation of quiescence cells in this system. At maximal induction with IGF-I, net tissue proliferation increased 3- to 4-fold in the system such that chemotherapy could trigger a 3- to 6-fold increase in cytotoxicity, compared with control conditions. These effects were confirmed in vivo in colon cancer xenograft models with demonstrations that IGF-I receptor stimulation was suff...

Randomized clinical trial of a brief and extensive dyadic intervention for advanced cancer patients and their family caregivers

Psycho-Oncology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsBoth brief and extensive programs had positive outcomes for patient–caregiver dyads, but few sustained effects. Patient–caregiver dyads benefit when viewed as the ‘unit of care’. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Psycho-Oncology)

Brain metastases from colorectal cancer: The role of surgical resection in selected patients

Colorectal Disease — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Aggressive surgical resection in selected patients with brain metastases from colorectal cancer may prolong survival, even in the presence of extracranial metastatic lesions. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Evidence From a Large Population-based Case-Control Study in Germany.

Am J Epidemiol — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang Y, Hoffmeister M, Weck MN, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H Abstract Evidence concerning the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of colorectal cancer remains controversial. The authors assessed the association of H. pylori seroprevalence with risk of colorectal cancer in a large population-based case-control study from Germany in 2003-2007. Serum antibodies to H. pylori in general and the cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA) were measured in 1,712 incident colorectal cancer cases and 1,669 controls. The association between H. pylori seroprevalence and colorectal cancer risk was estimated by logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders and stratification by age group, sex, anatomic subsites, and cancer stage. Overall, H. pylori se...

Why BRAF-Mutated Colorectal Cancers Don't Respond to BRAF Inhibitors

Cancer Network — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 12:00:00 +0100

Metastatic melanomas that harbor the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene respond rapidly to vemurafenib (Zelboraf), the BRAF V600E inhibitor. But While vemurafenib results in a response in about 80% of melanoma patients, the clinical response among CRC patients is not greater than 5%. (Source: Cancer Network)

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Yerba mate tea kills colon cancer cells

NaturalNews.com — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:00:00 +0100

A recent scientific study found that yerba mate tea induces death in human colon cancer cells. Scientists discovered that in vitro cancer cells died when exposed to the bioactive compounds present in one cup of the beverage long valued for its medicinal properties by... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

GATA5 CpG island methylation in renal cell cancer: a potential biomarker for metastasis and disease progression

BJU International — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• The association of GATA5 hypermethylation with metastasis and progression‐free survival of patients indicates that epigenetic alterations of GATA5 participate in renal cell carcinogenesis.• Moreover, GATA5 CGI methylation could serve as a biomarker for tumour progression, although prospective and functional investigations are necessary to clarify whether independent information for future clinical management of patients with RCC can be obtained. (Source: BJU International)

Alcohol consumption and risk of colon cancer in people with a family history of such cancer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Boston University Medical Center) A study based on more than 87,000 women and 47,000 men in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, looks at whether there is a link between colon cancer and alcohol, and if so at what level of consumption, and the importance of a family history of the disease. A total of 1,801 cases of colon cancer were diagnosed during follow-up from 1980 onwards. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Plasma Concentrations of Angiogenesis-related Molecules in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The plasma levels of angiogenesis-related molecules were not elevated in patients with pancreatic cancer, compared with those with benign diseases or colorectal cancer. The plasma interleukin-8 level may be a novel biomarker for the response to chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer and warrants further prospective study. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

FOLFIRI Plus Bevacizumab 5 mg/kg Versus 10 mg/kg as Second-line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Have Failed First-line Bevacizumab Plus Oxaliplatin-based Therapy: A Randomized Phase III Study (EAGLE Study)

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We planned a multicenter randomized phase III study to evaluate the efficacy of appropriate dose of bevacizumab (5 or 10 mg/kg) with FOLFIRI in patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer who have failed prior bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin-based therapy. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival. The secondary endpoints are the toxicity, response rate, time to treatment failure, overall survival, overall survival from the start of the first-line treatment and second progression-free survival (time duration from the initiation of the first-line treatment until progression after the protocol treatment). A total of 370 patients were considered to be appropriate for this trial. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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Mesenchymal stem cells in the colorectal tumour microenvironment – recent progress and implications

International Journal of Cancer — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non haematopoietic multipotent adult stem cells. They have been shown to have a natural tropism for many tumours types, including colorectal, and are capable of escaping host immune surveillance. MSCs are known to engraft at tumours and integrate into their architecture, potentially as carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In contrast with other malignancies, our understanding of the interactions between colorectal cancer cells and MSCs remains limited. Considering the established importance of inflammation in the colorectal cancer primary tumour microenvironment and the role of stromal cells in this process, there is a potential wealth of information to be gleaned from further investigation of interactions between these cell populations. Epithe...

Urgency of referral and its impact on outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer

Colorectal Disease — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:01:36 +0100

Conclusion: Urgency of referral decreased the time to diagnosis. This did not influence resection rates. Dukes’ stage was higher for urgent referrals. Long term follow up is required to determine any impact on survival. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Mutant Colon Ca May Respond to BRAF-EGFR Inhibition (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 20:15:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- An unexpected feedback mechanism in cell signaling pathways may explain why some colorectal cancers don’t respond to a drug that theoretically should work, researchers reported. (Source: MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology)

Experts recommend genetic counseling for young sarcoma patients

Thrive, Children's Hospital Boston — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:41:39 +0100

Genetic testing may help sarcoma patients and their famlies know their risk of other cancers later in life If your child is diagnosed with a sarcoma—a tumor in connective tissue like muscles or bones—it’s natural to become totally focused on his immediate recovery. But what if beating sarcoma wasn’t the only time your child might face cancer? Data shows that there is a link between sarcomas and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a rare condition that raises a person’s risk of developing one or more cancers to as high as 85 percent. Cancers typically diagnosed in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome include breast cancer, sarcomas, brain tumors, acute leukemia and adrenal cortical carcinoma. Recently, the list has been expanded to include colon cancer and stomach cancer. Li-Fraumeni syndrome m...

Brain metastasis from colorectal cancer: Prognostic factors and survival

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:15:24 +0100

ConclusionsThe prognosis of patients with BM from CRC was associated with the curability of the therapy for BM, number of metastatic organs, and the serum CEA level. The modality of treatment had no significant impact on the outcome. J. Surg. Oncol © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Hypermethylation of TFAP2E Gene in Colorectal Cancer Associated With Unresponsiveness to the Chemotherapy Fluorouracil

Cancer Network — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:00:01 +0100

A study published earlier this month identifies specific colorectal tumors that are less responsive to chemotherapy. Researchers at the University of Magdeburg show that the hypermethylation of the transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (TFAP2E) gene results in lower expression of the TFAP2E protein and upregulation of the DKK4 gene, a gene which has been previously associated with resistance to the chemotherapy fluorouracil. (Source: Cancer Network)

Neurolytic transversus abdominis plane block in the palliative treatment of intractable abdominal wall pain

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 12:15:49 +0100

Abstract: A 45 year old man with metastatic colon cancer presented with uncontrollable abdominal wall pain. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with ropivacaine and methylprednisolone was performed with excellent pain relief, which allowed a significant weaning of the patient's opioid requirements. A second TAP block was performed with a 33% ethanol solution (ethanol and ropivacaine) with excellent pain relief. The neurolytic block appeared to offer better pain control for more than 5 days after placement until the patient finally succumbed to his illness. (Source: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia)

Too Few Americans Getting Screened for Common Cancers: CDC

Cancercompass News: Breast Cancer — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

National targets for breast, cervical and colon malignancies still not being met (Source: Cancercompass News: Breast Cancer)

Tools for protein-protein interaction network analysis in cancer research

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:53:12 +0100

Abstract As cancer is a complex disease, the representation of a malignant cell as a protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) and its subsequent analysis can provide insight into the behaviour of cancer cells and lead to the discovery of new biomarkers. The aim of this review is to help life-science researchers without previous computer programming skills to extract meaningful biological information from such networks, taking advantage of easyto-use, public bioinformatics tools. It is structured in four parts: the first section describes the pipeline of consecutive steps from network construction to biological hypothesis generation. The second part provides a repository of public, user-friendly tools for network construction, visualisation and analysis. Two different and...

Proteomic research progress in lymphatic metastases of cancers

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:53:11 +0100

Abstract Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is recognised as an important factor involved in malignant tumour progression by interfering with a favourable prognosis. It is involved in a variety of cancers. Proteins are believed to play important roles in the LNM of cancers. The rapid achievements of state-of-the-art proteomic techniques have emerged as the key technologies successfully applied to identify markers for cancers at high-throughput level by providing novel targets and creating possible therapeutic interventions in cancer research. This review summarises recent progress in proteomic research in hepatocarcinoma, gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer. Actin, heat-shock proteins (HSPs), annexins, cytoke...

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Physicians Need Better Understanding of Factors that Patients Use to Decide about Colorectal Cancer Screening

MedlinePlus Health News — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 13:09:29 +0100

Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Related MedlinePlus Pages: Colonoscopy, Colorectal Cancer (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

US Cancer Screening Below National Targets

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 11:00:00 +0100

The percentage of people screened for cancer in the US remains below national targets for 2020, with rates lower among Asian and Hispanic Americans than other groups, according to a new report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) released on Friday. The report shows that in 2010, the screening rate for breast cancer was 72.4%, compared to the 2020 national target of 81%, for cervical cancer it was 83%, compared to a target of 93%, and for colorectal it was 58.6% percent, compared to a target of 70.5%... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Quantification of Methylated Markers with a Multiplex Methylation-Specific Technology [Cancer Diagnostics]

Clinical Chemistry — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The QuARTS technology provides a promising approach for quantifying methylated markers. The markers assayed highly discriminated colorectal neoplasia from healthy epithelia. (Source: Clinical Chemistry)

Sequential biphasic changes in claudin1 and claudin4 expression are correlated to colorectal cancer progression and liver metastasis

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:50:34 +0100

In conclusion, sequential biphasic changes in claudin1 and claudin4 expression occur during the homing of rat CC531 CRC cells to the liver. This modulation is reflected by significant changes in claudin expression in human primary and metastatic CRC. (Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine)

CDC: Too few Americans getting screened for common cancers

USATODAY.com Health — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 14:54:02 +0100

The number of Americans being screened for colon, breast and cervical cancers still fall below national targets, health officials said. (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

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Long-Term Survival Benefits in Colon Cancer With OxaliplatinLong-Term Survival Benefits in Colon Cancer With Oxaliplatin

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 14:16:23 +0100

A capecitabine/oxaliplatin regimen significantly improves survival in stage III colon cancer, compared with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, even 7 years after treatment. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

‘Significant minority’ of patients continue smoking after cancer diagnosis

MedWire News - Respiratory — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 10:03:40 +0100

US researchers report that a “significant minority” of patients diagnosed with lung or colorectal cancer are still smoking 5 months after they received their diagnosis. (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)

Patients with thymomas have an increased risk of developing additional malignancies: lack of immunological surveillance?

Histopathology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:24:13 +0100

Conclusions: Patients affected by thymomas showed a significantly higher risk of developing additional malignancies than those in the control groups, and cases that exhibited a predominantly cortical component were more likely to develop other neoplasms. This may be related to the functions of cortical thymic epithelial cells in providing for T lymphocyte maturation through interaction with major histocompatibility complexes. (Source: Histopathology)

A simple immunohistochemical algorithm predicts the risk of distant metastases in right‐sided colon cancer

Histopathology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:24:10 +0100

Conclusions: By the use of three markers, this algorithm allowed identification of subgroups of right‐sided CC patients with extremely high and extremely low risk of distant metastases. (Source: Histopathology)

Effect of endostatin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor in mice

Toxicology and Industrial Health current issue — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Endostatin, one of the most potent negative regulators of angiogenesis, is naturally occurring as an inhibitor of angiogenesis capable of inhibiting tumor growth and their metastases. We aimed to investigate the in vivo activities of low dose of recombinant human endostatin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced mice colon cancer. Thirty male Balb-c mice were injected with DMH (20 mg/kg/week) subcutaneously once a week for 12 weeks to induce colon cancer. Twelve weeks after the last DMH injection, 7 µg rh-endostatin was injected every day for 6 weeks. The animals were killed after 30 weeks for histopathological examination. The weight of the animals, tumor inhibition rates, death rates and the distribution of the lesions in colon were evaluated after the mice were killed. The mean co...

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Cancer screening - United States, 2010.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abstract Each year, approximately 350,000 persons are diagnosed with breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer in the United States, and nearly 100,000 die from these diseases. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening tests for each of these cancers to reduce morbidity and mortality. Healthy People 2020 sets national objectives for use of the recommended cancer screening tests and identifies the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) as the means to measure progress. Data from the 2010 NHIS were analyzed to assess use of the recommended tests by age, race, ethnicity, education, length of U.S. residence, and source and financing of health care to identify groups not receiving the full benefits of screening and to target specific interventions to...

Racial Disparities in Stage-Specific Colorectal Cancer Mortality Rates From 1985 to 2008 [Gastrointestinal Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The black-white disparities in CRC mortality increased for each stage of the disease, but the overall disparity in overall mortality was largely driven by trends for late-stage disease. Concerted efforts to prevent or detect CRC at earlier stages in blacks could improve the worsening black- white disparities. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Association of Obesity With DNA Mismatch Repair Status and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Stage II or III Colon Carcinoma Participating in NCCTG and NSABP Adjuvant Chemotherapy Trials [Gastrointestinal Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Colon cancers from obese patients are less likely to show dMMR, suggesting obesity-related differences in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Although obesity was independently associated with adverse outcome, the favorable prognostic impact of dMMR was maintained among obese patients. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Antitumor efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus adsorbed onto antigen-specific lymphocytes

Cancer Gene Therapy — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: A Kanzaki, H Kasuya, K Yamamura, T T Sahin, N Nomura, T Shikano, T Shirota, G Tan, S Fukuda, M Misawa, Y Nishikawa, S Yamada, T Fujii, H Sugimoto, S Nomoto, S Takeda, Y Kodera & A Nakao (Source: Cancer Gene Therapy)

The clinical significance of incidental intra-abdominal findings on positron emission tomography performed to investigate pulmonary nodules

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Incidental abdominal findings in the colon on FDG-PET scan for work-up of pulmonary nodules need to be further investigated by colonoscopy. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Colorectal Serrated Adenocarcinoma shows a different profile of oncogene mutations, MSI status and DNA repair protein expression compared to Conventional and Sporadic MSI‐H carcinomas

International Journal of Cancer — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractMolecular characterization has been extensively studied in serrated polyps but very little is known in serrated adenocarcinomas (SACs). We analyzed the incidence of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) status and loss of the DNA repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and MGMT in a series of 89 SAC, 81 matched conventional carcinomas (CC) and 13 sporadic colorectal cancer showing histological and molecular features of high‐level MSI (sMSI‐H). Our results demonstrate that KRAS are more prevalent than BRAF mutations in SAC (42.7% vs. 25.8%;p=0.011) being the KRAS‐mutated cases even more abundant in SAC displaying adjacent serrated adenomas (51%). G12D and E545K are the most common KRAS and PIK3CA mutations found in SAC respectively. SAC show higher frequen...

Optical imaging of MMP expression and cancer progression in an inflammation‐induced colon cancer model

International Journal of Cancer — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyclic His‐Try‐Gly‐Phe peptide to characterize and image the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are correlated with cancer promotion, in an inflammation‐induced colorectal cancer (ICRC) model. We explored the relationship between the development of colon cancer and the expression of MMPs at the same colonic sites in ICRC models. To develop ICRC models, mice were administered a single intraperitoneal dose (10 mg/kg) of azoxymethane (AOM) and exposed orally to 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for one week. MMP‐2 expression and β‐catenin activation in colonic lesions were characterized by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. After being treated with inducers for some time, cancerous...

Loss of HLA class I and mismatch repair protein expression in sporadic endometrioid endometrial carcinomas

International Journal of Cancer — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, our results indicate that loss of MMR protein expression is related to selective downregulation of HLA class I which contributes to immune escape in EC with an abnormal MMR system. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)

High expression of CD73 as a poor prognostic biomarker in human colorectal cancer

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsHigh expression of CD73 can be an independent and useful biomarker for predicting the poor survival of patients with CRC. J. Surg. Oncol © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

The flavonoid MonoHER prevents monocrotaline‐induced hepatic sinusoidal injury in rats

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

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Tamoxifen and anastrozole as a sequencing strategy in postmenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer

NeLM - News — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: JCO Area: News The authors of this paper present the 5-year outcome analysis of Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group 8 (ABCSG-8). The ABCSG-8 study ABCSG-8 is a prospective, multicentre randomised, open-label study comparing 5 years of tamoxifen (TAM) treatment with 2 years of TAM followed by 3 years of anastrozole (ANA). Study participants were in the low- to moderate-risk group of endocrine receptor positive, postmenopausal patients with breast cancer not receiving any other systemic therapy. Random assignment occurred immediately after surgery, and no (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy was allowed. Both groups of patients were treated with an initial 2 years of tamoxifen (TAM) and sequenced to anastrozole (ANA) versus TAM for an additional 3 years. The primary ...

Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Trend in UK South Asians: A 20 Year Study

Colorectal Disease — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: There was a markedly lower incidence of colorectal cancer in South Asians compared to non‐South Asians, maintained over 20 years. Colorectal cancer incidence increased by a small and similar, amount over the period in both groups. There was a male preponderance of colorectal cancer in both populations over 50 years. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer

British Journal of Surgery — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:PC is common in patients with colorectal cancer and is associated with identifiable risk factors. Copyright © 2012 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: British Journal of Surgery)

Age Patterns of Incidence of Geriatric Disease in the U.S. Elderly Population: Medicare‐Based Analysis

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe developed computational approaches applied to the nationally representative Medicare‐based data sets allow reconstruction of age patterns of disease incidence in the U.S. elderly population at the national level with unprecedented statistical accuracy and stability with respect to systematic biases. (Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society)

Evaluation and prognostic significance of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) in colorectal cancer.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, KLK6 immunostaining is an independent prognostic marker in patients with CRC. PMID: 22285222 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pathology, Research and Practice)

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Anti-VEGFR2 Inhibitor Shows No Clinical Benefit in Colon CancerAnti-VEGFR2 Inhibitor Shows No Clinical Benefit in Colon Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 22:27:45 +0100

Adding brivanib alaninate to cetuximab has few clinical benefits in metastatic colon cancer, and high toxicity compromises both efficacy and quality of life. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Cancer Screening Falls Short, CDC Says (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 21:43:04 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Large numbers of Americans who should have screening exams for breast, colon, and cervical cancer are not getting them, government researchers said. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

Chromosome gain linked to CRC hepatic metastases development

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 21:26:34 +0100

Dutch scientists have discovered a chromosomal marker linked to the development of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer, and identified a candidate gene at this site. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

US Cancer Screenings Not Meeting Goals, Says CDCUS Cancer Screenings Not Meeting Goals, Says CDC

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 18:41:36 +0100

Testing for cancer of the breast, cervix, and colon/rectum is recommended. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Too Few Americans Getting Screened for Common Cancers

MedlinePlus Health News — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 17:00:00 +0100

National targets for breast, cervical and colon malignancies still not being metSource: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Cancer, Health Disparities, Health Screening (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

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Regorafenib improved survival, delayed progression in colorectal cancer

HemOncToday.com — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:31:00 +0100

(Source: HemOncToday.com)

Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: SGIA can be performed quicker as compared to double layer GIA. SGIA is comparable to DGIA in terms of anastomotic leak, peri-operative complications, mortality and hospital stay. SGIA may routinely be used for GIA following bowel resection. However, since this conclusion is derived from smaller number of patients recruited in relatively moderate quality trials, further trials should be aimed to reduce the limitations of this review. PMID: 22258964 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Cocoa Could Prevent Intestinal Pathologies Such As Colon Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A new study on living animals has shown for the first time that eating cocoa (the raw material in chocolate) can help to prevent intestinal complaints linked to oxidative stress, including colon carcinogenesis onset caused by chemical substances. The growing interest amongst the scientific community to identify those foods capable of preventing diseases has now categorized cocoa as a 'superfood'. It has been recognised as an excellent source of phytochemical compounds, which offer potential health benefits... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Roche's Avastin helps colorectal cancer patients

Reuters: Health — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 07:39:39 +0100

ZURICH (Reuters) - Patients with advanced colorectal cancer who received Roche's Avastin live longer when they also receive the drug as part of their second round of treatment, the Swiss drugmaker said on Thursday, citing a late-stage study. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) found in 110 nephrectomized Japanese, of which 24 (22%) RCC cases showed 31 double or triple cancers

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:44:01 +0100

Abstract The causes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were investigated in 115 nephrectomized Japanese. Among them, 110 nephrectomized Japanese had RCC as follows: 86 clear cell RCC, 8 papillary RCC, 8 chromophobe RCC, 7 dialytic–multicystic RCC, and 1 liposarcoma, while 5 nephrectomized Japanese had benign renal tumors of oncocytoma (1), angiomyolipoma (2), and hemangioma (2). In the eight chromophobe RCC, three cases that resulted in death involved medullary RCC showing extensive oncogenic features. Double or triple cancers were found in 17 clear cell RCC, 5 papillary RCC, 1 chromophobe RCC, and 1 dialytic–multicystic RCC. Among 31 non-RCC found in 24 RCC cases, 23(74%) non-RCC were removed prenephrectomy. Prenephrectomy adenocarcinoma and postnephrectomy squamous cell c...

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Avastin-based regimen extends survival when continued beyond initial treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Roche Investor Update — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:00:00 +0100

First randomised phase III trial evaluating continued use of Avastin with chemotherapy after disease progression meets primary endpoint. Roche announced today that a phase III study (ML 18147) in metastatic colorectal cancer met its primary endpoint of overall survival. People who received Avastin® (bevacizumab) plus standard chemotherapy as initial treatment (so-called “first-line” treatment) for their metastatic colorectal cancer and then continued on Avastin with a different chemotherapy after their cancer progressed (so-called “second-line” treatment) lived significantly longer than people who received only chemotherapy in the second-line setting. (Source: Roche Investor Update)

Too Few Americans Getting Screened for Common Cancers: CDC

The Doctors Lounge - Gastroenterology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

National targets for breast, cervical and colon malignancies still not being met (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Gastroenterology)

The relationship between tissue factor and cancer progression: insights from bench and bedside

Blood — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

It is now widely recognized that a strong correlation exists between cancer and aberrant hemostasis. Patients with various types of cancers, including pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer, often develop thrombosis, a phenomenon commonly referred to as Trousseau syndrome. Reciprocally, components from the coagulation cascade also influence cancer progression. The primary initiator of coagulation, the transmembrane receptor tissue factor (TF), has gained considerable attention as a determinant of tumor progression. On complex formation with its ligand, coagulation factor VIIa, TF influences protease-activated receptor-dependent tumor cell behavior, and regulates integrin function, which facilitate tumor angiogenesis both in vitro and in mouse models. Furthermore, evidence exists that a...

CDC: Cancer Screening Below Target Rates

WebMD Health — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Screening rates for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer remain below target levels in the United States and are especially low among Asians and Hispanics, the CDC reports. (Source: WebMD Health)

Anticipating implementation of colorectal cancer screening in The Netherlands: a nation wide survey on endoscopic supply and demand

BioMed Central — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Over the last years, endoscopic procedures increased markedly in The Netherlands without a corresponding increase in manpower. A FIT-based CRC screening program requires an additional 15% increase in endoscopic procedures. It is very likely, that current colonoscopy density varies widely across European countries.Word count: 244 including headers (Source: BioMed Central)

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Role of Radiologic Imaging in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Evidence-based Review [Evidence-based Practice]

Radiology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although widely used, there is a surprising paucity of evidence guiding radiologic imaging in IBS. Radiologic imaging may not be required in patients with IBS without potentially concerning symptoms but should be considered where such symptoms exist, and choice of imaging study should be influenced by predominant symptoms. Definitive recommendations must await further research. © RSNA, 2011 (Source: Radiology)

Identification of a biomarker panel for colorectal cancer diagnosis

BMC Cancer — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We have developed a tentative model for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer based on a biomarker panel. Our results indicate that the gene profile described herein can discriminate between non-cancerous and cancerous samples with 94.45% accuracy using different supervised classifiers (AUC values in the range of 0.997 and 0.955). (Source: BMC Cancer)

Identification of candidate genes carrying polymorphisms associated with the risk of colorectal cancer by analyzing the colorectal mutome and microRNAome

Cancer — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:The results support the study hypothesis and highlight the importance of SNPs within miRNA‐dependent regulatory regions. Further studies on the role exerted by NUP210 and KIAA0182 in colorectal carcinogenesis are warranted. Cancer 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Exploring biomarkers in head and neck cancer

Cancer — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractPersonalized medicine based on predictive markers linked to drug response, it is hoped, will lead to improvements in outcomes and avoidance of unnecessary treatment in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Recent research has shown that expression of ERCC1 may predict resistance to treatment with platinum agents. Future testing for this marker may help select the optimal type of chemotherapy. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with less aggressive disease and better prognosis in locally advanced SCCHN treated with chemoradiation or radiation alone; HPV‐positive patients may ultimately benefit from less intensive, less toxic therapy. K‐RAS mutations, occurring in about 40% of colorectal cancers and associated with lack of benefit from epiderm...

EGFR regulation of colon cancer stem-like cells during aging and in response to the colonic carcinogen dimethylhydrazine.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nautiyal J, Du J, Yu Y, Kanwar SS, Levi E, Majumdar AP Abstract One of the most consistent pathological conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with advancing age is malignancy, particularly GI cancers, the incidence of which increases sharply with aging. Although the reasons for the age-related rise in colorectal cancer are not fully understood, we hypothesize that aging increases susceptibility of the colon to carcinogen(s)/toxicant(s) leading to an increase in cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) that express cancer stem cell markers, in the colonic mucosa. The current study demonstrates that aging is associated with increased expression of several colon CSLC markers: CD44, CD166 and ALDH-1 and a higher proportion of cells expressing these markers. Aging is also accompa...

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‘Significant minority’ of patients continue smoking after cancer diagnosis

MedWire News - Oncology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Chromosome gain linked to CRC hepatic metastases development

MedWire News - Oncology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

‘Significant minority’ of patients continue smoking after cancer diagnosis

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

'Real World' Efficacy of Oxaliplatin for Colon Cancer 'Real World' Efficacy of Oxaliplatin for Colon Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:19:13 +0100

Adding oxaliplatin to adjuvant 5-fluorouracil for stage III colon cancer works just as well in real-world community settings as it does in meticulously done randomized clinical trials. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Oxaliplatin for Colon Cancer: 'Real-World' ResultsOxaliplatin for Colon Cancer: 'Real-World' Results

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 18:19:13 +0100

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Oxaliplatin Improves Colon Cancer Survival Rates

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 17:00:00 +0100

An investigation published Jan. 20 in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute reveals that individuals in the general population with stage III colon cancer showed improved survival rates when they were administered with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), a commonly used cancer treatment, in combination with oxaliplatin. Colon cancer is one of the leading causes for illness and death worldwide. In 2011, an estimated 101,340 individuals in the U.S. were affected by the disease. Approximately one-third of individuals are diagnosed with stage III or node-positive colon cancer... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Oxaliplatin improves colon cancer survival

Pharmacy Europe — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 10:19:00 +0100

Survival in stage III patients improved in hospital setting as well as clinical trials (Source: Pharmacy Europe)

Cell Death Induced In Colon Cancer Cells By Compounds In Mate Tea

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Could preventing colon cancer be as simple as developing a taste for yerba mate tea? In a recent University of Illinois study, scientists showed that human colon cancer cells die when they are exposed to the approximate number of bioactive compounds present in one cup of this brew, which has long been consumed in South America for its medicinal properties. "The caffeine derivatives in mate tea not only induced death in human colon cancer cells, they also reduced important markers of inflammation," said Elvira de Mejia, a U of I associate professor of food chemistry and food toxicology... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

The Quality Of Colonoscopy Reporting And Performance Examined By Study

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Researchers in the Netherlands assessed the quality of colonoscopy reporting in daily clinical practice and evaluated the quality of colonoscopy performance. They found that colonoscopy reporting varied significantly in clinical practice. Colonoscopy performance met the suggested standards, however, considerable variability between endoscopy departments was found... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Biomarkers for antitumor activity of bevacizumab in gastric cancer models

BMC Cancer — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: VEGF levels and VEGF/bFGF ratios in tumors were related to bevacizumab sensitivity of the xenografts tested. Further clinical investigation into useful predictive markers for bevacizumab sensitivity is warranted. (Source: BMC Cancer)

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NICE issues final guidance on cetuximab, bevacizumab and panitumumab for metastatic colorectal cancer (second-line)

NeLM - Guidelines — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: NICE Area: Evidence > Guidelines NICE has issued final guidance on the use of cetuximab, bevacizumab and panitumumab for the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (TA 242) which contains the following recommendations: . Cetuximab monotherapy or combination chemotherapy is not recommended for the treatment of people with metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed after first-line chemotherapy. . Bevacizumab in combination with non-oxaliplatin (fluoropyrimidine-based) chemotherapy is not recommended for the treatment of people with metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed after first-line chemotherapy. . Panitumumab monotherapy is not recommended for the treatment of people with metastatic colorectal c...

Biology of colorectal pulmonary metastasis: implications for surgical resection

Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In colorectal cancer, little high grade evidence for cure, life extension, disease modification or palliation achieved by pulmonary metastasectomy exists. This has prompted the pulmonary metastasectomy in colorectal cancer (PulMiCC) trial. Reappraisal of the biological facts on colorectal metastasis may, however, shed light on an alternative avenue of clinical management. Early onset of metastasis, short doubling time and a short disease-free interval are all associated with poor clinical outcomes. Selecting who will be cured (i.e. no occult metastasis) remains the holy grail for pulmonary metastasectomy surgery. Serial CT scans can be utilized to calculate the tumour doubling time by volumetric analysis. Knowing the doubling time and size of the largest metastasis, which by definition is ...

Systematic Review on Infusion Reactions Associated with Chemotherapies and Monoclonal Antibodies for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Current Clinical Pharmacology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The incidence of IRs varies among different mAbs; and IRs may cause treatment disruption and require costly medical interventions. PMID: 22283610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology)

Spermine synthase overexpression in vivo does not increase susceptibility to DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis or Min-Apc intestinal tumorigenesis.

Cancer Biology and Therapy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 21:12:20 +0100

Authors: Welsh P, Sass-Kuhn S, Prakashagowda C, McCloskey D, Feith D Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated a link between elevated polyamine biosynthesis and neoplastic growth, but the specific contribution of spermine synthase to epithelial tumor development has never been explored in vivo. Mice with widespread overexpression of spermine synthase (CAG-SpmS) exhibit decreased spermidine levels, increased spermine and a significant rise in tissue spermine:spermidine ratio. We characterized the response of CAG-SpmS mice to two-stage skin chemical carcinogenesis as well as spontaneous intestinal carcinogenesis induced by loss of the Apc tumor suppressor in ApcMin/+ (Min) mice. CAG-SpmS mice maintained the canonical increases in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, polyamine c...

ER Presentation Not the End for Colon Cancer Patients

MedPage Today Emergency Medicine — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 19:50:00 +0100

SAN FRANCISCO (MedPage Today) -- Curative therapy is still a possibility, even if a colon cancer patient is seen for the first time in the emergency department with acute symptoms, researchers said here. (Source: MedPage Today Emergency Medicine)

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Inhibition of IGF‐IR increases chemosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells through MRP‐2 promoter suppression

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:42:43 +0100

AbstractThe emergence of Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells has made many of the currently available chemotherapeutic agents ineffective. However, the mechanism involved in mediating this effect is not yet fully understood. Here, we found the overexpression of Type I insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐IR) in established colorectal MDR cells. Specific siRNA of IGF‐IR decreases cell proliferation, exert synergistic effect with anticancer drugs. The downstream signaling of IGF‐IR, PI3K/AKT pathway, was altered upon IGF‐IR silencing. The expression of multidrug‐resistance‐associated protein 2 (MRP‐2) was suppressed due to the nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor‐like 2 (Nrf2). Then the intracellular drug concentration was increased and the drugresistant pheno...

High expression of CXCR2 is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Medical Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:13:16 +0100

Abstract The laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common cancers threatening people’s life. CXC-chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) was reported to play critical roles in angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis of several cancers such as colon cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, and so on. However, the expression of CXCR2 in LSCC and its association with clinical characters of LSCC remain unclear. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used, respectively, to analyze the mRNA level and protein level of CXCR2 in 109 cases of LSCC tissues and 28 cases of tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The expression of CXCR2 in LSCC was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues. Moreover, the expression level of CXCR...

Smokers Continue Habit After Being Diagnosed With Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:00:00 +0100

According to a study published January 23 online in Cancer, many smokers do not drop the habit after being diagnosed with colorectal or lung cancer. The study by Elyse R. Ph.D., M.P.H.and her team at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston involved 3,063 patients with colorectal cancer and 2,456 with lung cancer. The patients were seen at the time of diagnosis, and also five months later. The researchers set out to determine what was driving them to continue smoking... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

DNA methylation status of REIC/Dkk-3 gene in human malignancies

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 12:27:14 +0100

Conclusions REIC/Dkk-3 type-a methylation was frequently detected in a broad range of cancers and appeared to play a key role in silencing REIC/Dkk-3 type-a expression in these malignancies. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00432-012-1158-6Authors Tatsuro Hayashi, Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558 JapanHiroaki Asano, Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8558 JapanShinichi Toyooka, Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharm...

After A Cancer Diagnosis, Many People Continue To Smoke

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 12:00:00 +0100

A new analysis has found that a substantial number of lung and colorectal cancer patients continue to smoke after being diagnosed. Published early online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study provides valuable information on which cancer patients might need help to quit smoking. When a patient receives a cancer diagnosis, the main focus is to treat the disease... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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mTOR-independent 4E-BP1 phosphorylation is associated with cancer resistance to mTOR kinase inhibitors.

Cell Cycle — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:53:01 +0100

In this study, we tested mTorKIs against a large panel of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, and found that mTorKIs displayed broader anti-CRC activity than rapamycin, including CRC cells with K-Ras or B-Raf mutations, suggesting that these mTorKIs are particularly useful for CRCs resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Unexpectedly, we found that 40% CRC cell lines were intrinsically drug resistant. Moreover, we discovered an mTO R-independent 4E‑ BP1 phosphorylation that was correlated with mTorKI resistance. Altogether, our findings provide compelling preclinical support for testing mTorKIs in human CRC clinical trials. They further reveal the existence of significant intrinsic mTorKI drug resistance in cancer cells and suggest that 4E-BP1 phosphorylation is a predictive biomarker for mTorKI s...

Haploinsufficiency of SGO1 results in deregulated centrosome dynamics, enhanced chromosomal instability and colon tumorigenesis.

Cell Cycle — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:52:38 +0100

We report here the generation and characterization of SGO1-mutant mice and show that haploinsufficiency of SGO1 leads to enhanced colonic tumorigenesis. Complete disruption of SGO1 results in embryonic lethality, whereas SGO1 (+/-) mice are viable and fertile. Haploinsufficiency of SGO1 results in genomic instability manifested as missegregation of chromosomes and formation of extra centrosomal foci in both murine embryonic fibroblasts and adult bone marrow cells. Enhanced CIN observed in SGO1-deficient mice resulted in an increase in formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and accelerated development of tumors after exposure to azoxymethane (AOM), a colon carcinogen. Together, these results suggest that haploinsufficiency of SGO1 causes enhanced CIN, colonic preneoplastic lesions and tumor...

p53 is not directly relevant to the response of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors.

Cell Cycle — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:52:05 +0100

In this study, we demonstrate that there is no obvious different cytotoxic response between cancer cells with and without functional p53, including the isogenic colon cancer cell lines HCT116p53(+/+) and HCT116p53(-/-), breast cancer cell line MCF7, lung cancer cell line A549 and cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa, after treatment with either siRNA against Plk1, the kinase domain inhibitors BI 2536 and BI 6727 or the PBD inhibitor Poloxin. We suggest that the p53 status is not a predictor for the response of Plk1 inhibition, at least not directly. Yet, the long-term outcomes of losing p53, such as genome instability, could be associated with the cytotoxicity of Plk1 inhibition. Further studies are required to investigate whether other circumstances of cancer cells, such as DNA replication/d...

Log Odds of Positive Lymph Nodes in Colon Cancer: A Meaningful Ratio-based Lymph Node Classification System

World Journal of Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:55:27 +0100

Discussion The LODDS system is a highly reliable staging system with strong predictive ability for patient outcome. Compared with other nodal staging systems, the prognostic power of LODDS is less influenced by the number of lymph nodes dissected and examined. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1415-xAuthors Roberto Persiani, General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, ItalyFerdinando C. M. Cananzi, General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, ItalyAlberto Biondi, Emergency and General Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Ca’ Granda” Policlinico Maggiore, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, ItalyGiuseppe Paliani, Digestive Endoscopy Unit, “Umberto I” Hospital, Frosinone, ItalyAndre...

Partial Pathologic Response and Nodal Status as Most Significant Prognostic Factors for Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy

World Journal of Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:55:25 +0100

Conclusion Partial pathologic response ≥25% was a superior predictor compared to pCR for improved survival after preoperative CRT. CSS and RFS were adversely affected by the presence of lymph node metastases. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1409-8Authors Marianne Huebner, Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USABruce G. Wolff, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USAThomas C. Smyrk, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USAJeremiah Aakre, Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADavid W. Larson, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Journal Wo...

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Combination of ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors with standard chemotherapy for colorectal cancer

Investigational New Drugs — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:54:04 +0100

Abstract ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are in early phase clinical trials. These novel targeted agents, including PP242, are mechanistically distinct from the allosteric, partial mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. The goal of this study was to evaluate how PP242 best combines with standard chemotherapies for colorectal cancer (CRC), and which subsets of patients are most likely to benefit. The combination index for PP242 plus 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan was determined in CRC cell lines with different mutational backgrounds. In KRAS mutant CRC cell lines, sensitivity to PP242 increases with co-mutation of PIK3CA. Mutation of p53 predicts resistance to chemotherapy, but not PP242. Efficacy of PP242 was comparable to that of standard c...

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Assessment of T Category, Lymph Node Metastases, and Circumferential Resection Margin Involvement in Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:52:33 +0100

Conclusions MRI has good accuracy for both CRM and T category and should be considered for preoperative rectal cancer staging. In contrast, lymph node assessment is poor on MRI. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Colorectal CancerPages 1-12DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2210-5Authors Eisar Al-Sukhni, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, CanadaLaurent Milot, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaMark Fruitman, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto, ON, CanadaJoseph Beyene, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaJ. Charles Victor, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, CanadaSelina Schmocker, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toront...

The interaction between CD44 on tumour cells and hyaluronan under physiologic flow conditions: implications for metastasis formation

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:56 +0100

Abstract The adhesion of tumour cells to the endothelial cells of blood vessels of the microcirculation represents a crucial step in haematogenous metastasis formation. Similar to leukocyte extravasation, selectins mediate initial tumour cell rolling on endothelium. An additional mechanism of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is mediated by hyaluronan (HA). However, data on the interaction of tumour cells with hyaluronan under shear stress are lacking. The expression of the hyaluronan binding protein CD44 on tumour cell surfaces was evaluated using flow cytometry. The adhesion of tumour cells to HA with regard to adhesive events and rolling velocity was determined in flow assays in the human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines SW2, H69, H82, OH1 and OH3, the col...

Hepatic colorectal cancer metastases showing a distinctive pattern of pathological response after metronomic capecitabine and bevacizumab

Medical Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:54:27 +0100

Abstract A 48-year-old man was referred to our hospital with the diagnosis of colon cancer with multiple hepatic metastases. After right hemicolectomy, the rapid progression of liver disease was treated with metronomic capecitabine and bevacizumab according to a study protocol. A gradual regression of metastatic lesions was observed during a 9-month treatment period. After conversion of liver disease to resectability, the histological examination disclosed the complete necrosis of all lesions, with the exception of small neoplastic foci inside a single nodule. The comparison of this type of histological findings with the classic sclero-hyaline pathological response, as well as its importance as indicator of response to antiangiogenic treatment, is discussed. Content Ty...

Surgical techniques of laparoscopic peritonectomy plus paraaortic lymph node dissection for the treatment of patients with positive lymph node metastasis and peritoneal seeding from rectosigmoid cancer

Surgical Endoscopy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:51:02 +0100

Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery can be performed safely for rectosigmoid cancer patients with pelvic peritoneal seeding and extensive abdominal paraaortic lymph node metastases requiring an extended abdomino-iliac lymphadenectomy plus curative pelvic peritonectomy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Dynamic ManuscriptPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00464-012-2163-1Authors Jin-Tung Liang, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Journal Surgical EndoscopyOnline ISSN 1432-2218Print ISSN 0930-2794 (Source: Surgical Endoscopy)

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Colorectal cancer screening of high-risk populations: A national survey of physicians

BMC Research Notes — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge amongst physicians of the screening guidelines for high-risk populations, based on family history and ethnicity. Educational programs to improve physician knowledge and to reduce perceived barriers to CRC screening are warranted to address health disparities in colorectal cancer. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

Cocoa could prevent intestinal pathologies such as colon cancer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(FECYT - Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology) A new study on living animals has shown for the first time that eating cocoa (the raw material in chocolate) can help to prevent intestinal complaints linked to oxidative stress, including colon carcinogenesis onset caused by chemical substances. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Small bowel adenocarcinoma copy number profiles are more closely related to colorectal than to gastric cancers

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We show that MSS SBAs are more similar to colorectal than to gastric cancer, based on the 27 genome-wide DNA copy number profiles that are currently available. These molecular similarities provide added support for treatment of MSS small bowel cancers according to colorectal cancer regimens. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cancer treated with bevacizumab: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: ICH with bevacizumab treatment in this population is rare and does not appear to increase its frequency over the baseline rate of ICH in a comparable population. Most bevacizumab-related ICH occurs into central nervous system tumors but spontaneous hemorrhages were seen. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Association between body mass index and the colorectal cancer risk in Japan: pooled analysis of population-based cohort studies in Japan

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We found significant association between BMI and colorectal cancer risk by pooling of data from cohort studies with considerable number of subjects among Japanese population. This information is important in cancer control planning, especially in Asian population. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

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Dietary cholesterol intake and cancer

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings add to the evidence that high cholesterol intake is linked to increased risk of various cancers. A diet low in cholesterol may play a role in the prevention of several cancers. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Common genetic variants in the 8q24 region and risk of papillary thyroid cancer

The Laryngoscope — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Our findings do not support a strong association between SNPs in the 8q24 chromosomal region and risk of sporadic PTC, but several SNPs with small effects might exist. (Source: The Laryngoscope)

Mortality from inflammatory bowel diseases

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) may directly result in morbidity and rarely mortality from complications such as colorectal cancer or sepsis. Mortality rates compared with the matched general population, measured by standardized mortality ratio, may therefore be increased. This review examines the evidence derived from cohort‐ and population‐based mortality studies. In CD the majority of studies and two meta‐analyses demonstrated increased standardized mortality ratios of ≈1.5‐fold, especially for those diagnosed at younger ages and requiring extensive or multiple resection surgery. In UC mortality rates are similar to those of the general population in most studies and a meta‐analysis. Proctocolectomy removes the inflammatory burden of UC and can manag...

[Influence of Mucinous and Signet-Ring Cell Differentiation on Epidemiological, Histological, Molecular Biological Features, and Outcome in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma.]

Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: However, it should be noted that most of the results come from studies with a very low number of patients which can be attributed to the low incidence of mucinous and signet-ring cell CRC. Based on the findings of the present analysis, a more radical surgical approach should be considered providing that the exact preoperative histology is available. Furthermore, the histological subtype should be taken into account in future chemotherapy trials to avoid unnecessary therapy. A closer follow-up, especially for patients with signet-ring cell CRC should be discussed. In the near future, a more tailored therapy in patients with colorectal cancer would be highly desirable. PMID: 22274919 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie)

The c-MYC oncoprotein, the NAMPT enzyme, the SIRT1-inhibitor DBC1, and the SIRT1 deacetylase form a positive feedback loop [Medical Sciences]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) represents an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that inhibits proapoptotic factors including p53. Here we determined whether SIRT1 is downstream of the prototypic c-MYC oncogene, which is activated in the majority of tumors. Elevated expression of c-MYC in human colorectal cancer correlated with increased SIRT1 protein levels. Activation of a conditional c-MYC allele induced increased levels of SIRT1 protein, NAD+, and nicotinamide-phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) mRNA in several cell types. This increase in SIRT1 required the induction of the NAMPT gene by c-MYC. NAMPT is the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ salvage pathway and enhances SIRT1 activity by increasing the amount of NAD+. c-MYC also contributed to SIRT1 activation by sequestering the SIRT1 inh...

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Clinical Implementation of KRAS Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: The Pathologist's Perspective.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions.-More bona fide standards are needed to address the variety of available test methods, which have different performance characteristics including speed, sensitivity to detect rare mutations, and technical requirements. Refined standards addressing timing of KRAS testing, laboratory performance and accuracy, quality assurance and control, proper tissue collection, and appropriate result reporting would also be greatly beneficial. Pathologists should be aware that the amount of information they need to manage will increase, because future trends and technological advances will enhance the predictive power of diagnostic tests or the scope of the biomarker panels tested routinely across tumor types. PMID: 22272560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives of Patholo...

Improved Time to Progression for Transarterial Chemoembolization Compared With Transarterial Embolization for Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Clinical Colorectal Cancer — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The addition of chemotherapy to TAE prolongs PFS and TTP. Future efforts should focus on adjunctive therapies after the embolization to increase survival. PMID: 22280845 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer)

Survival Benefit Associated With Surgical Oophorectomy in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Metastatic to the Ovary.

Clinical Colorectal Cancer — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective analysis suggests that women with metastatic colorectal cancer metastatic to the ovary may derive a survival benefit from palliative oophorectomy. PMID: 22280844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer)

Colostomy Blues?

About.com Colon Cancer — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

One method used to treat colon cancer is surgery, which may entail a colon resection with a colostomy. Image © A.D.A.M. Following your surgery, an ostomy nurse, also referred to as an enterostomal therapy nurse (ET nurse), will come to you in the hospital and walk you through stoma care. Before you leave, you will gain the technical proficiency to empty, change and irrigate your colostomy - but that is not where the healing ends. After arriving home, you may face feelings of discouragement, isolation and even frustration according to the dietary restrictions or have special considerations?...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Colon Cancer)

Pre-existing type-2 diabetes is not an adverse prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A single-center retrospective study.

Urologic Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: In our experience, the prevalence of DM in RCC patients is close to 10%. Such a condition does not determine any significant influence on prognosis of RCC. PMID: 22281433 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Urologic Oncology)

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Many diagnosed with cancer keep smoking

Health News - UPI.com — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 01:17:33 +0100

BOSTON, Jan. 23 (UPI) -- Quitting smoking is always a good idea, and those diagnosed with colorectal cancer have more reason to quit -- but many keep smoking, U.S. researchers found. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Functional Disorders after Rectal Cancer Resection: Does a Rehabilitation Program Improve Anal Continence and Quality of Life?

Colorectal Disease — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 20:58:46 +0100

Conclusion: This study suggests that anal sphincter training following TME could decrease stool frequency and improve both general and specific quality of life. (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Colon Cancer Survival Improved With Use Of Oxaliplatin

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:00:00 +0100

In 2011, about 101,340 Americans have been diagnosed with colon cancer, a leading worldwide cause of both illness and death, with around one third of cancers being diagnosed as stage III, or node-positive disease. A study published in the January issue of The Journal of the National Cancer Institute reveals that patients with Stage III colon cancer have an improved rate of survival if they receive an adjuvant treatment of oxaliplatin added to 5-fluorouracil (5FU)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Does fruit and veg chemical fight cancer?

NHS News Feed — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:15:00 +0100

Conclusion This research studied luteolin, which is a plant compound that can reduce growth and induce death of bowel cancer cells in the laboratory. The research seems to have pinpointed the specific signalling pathway through which this occurs. It did not, however, examine the impact of luteolin-rich diets on bowel cancer in people, and based on these results it cannot be assumed that eating vegetables containing this compound can prevent or slow cancer. Laboratory-based studies carried out in cells are a necessary first step in identifying a potential new disease treatment. The mechanism through which luteolin may prevent cancer cell growth has been identified, and the next step would be further studies in animals. If these animal studies suggest that luteolin is safe and beneficial, li...

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Compounds in mate tea induce death in colon cancer cells, in vitro study shows

ScienceDaily Headlines — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:55:55 +0100

In a recent study, scientists showed that human colon cancer cells die when they are exposed to the approximate number of bioactive compounds present in one cup of mate tea, which has long been consumed in South America for its medicinal properties. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Smoking After being Diagnosed with Cancer

Disabled World — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:57:47 +0100

Many people continue to smoke after being diagnosed with cancer - A new analysis has found that a substantial number of lung and colorectal cancer patients continue to smoke after being diagnosed. (Source: Disabled World)

NO16968: Xelox improved 7-year OS in advanced colon cancer

HemOncToday.com — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:14:00 +0100

(Source: HemOncToday.com)

39% of lung cancer patients STILL smoking within a year of diagnosis, say researchers

the Mail online | Health — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 14:49:27 +0100

The survey by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital, also found that 14 per cent of colon cancer patients admitted they still lit up after their results. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

Chomping on carrots and celery ¿could ward off colon cancer¿

the Mail online | Health — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 10:45:39 +0100

Korean researchers found that luteolin - a flavanoid, or antioxidant, found in fruit and vegetables - can block cell signal pathways vital for the cancer's growth. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

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Colon Cancer Patient Survival Improved By Oxaliplatin

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Stage III colon cancer patients in the general population who receive adjuvant treatment for the disease have an improved rate of survival when oxaliplatin is added to 5-fluorouracil (5FU), according to a study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Colon cancer is a leading global cause of both illness and death; with an estimated 101,340 cases among Americans in 2011. Roughly one third of diagnoses are stage III or node-positive disease... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

A Cause Of Resistance To Colon Cancer Treatment Identified

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Doctors and researchers of Hospital del Mar and its research institute, the IMIM, have lead a study describing a new pharmacological resistance to cancer. This new mechanism is a mutation in an oncogene called EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) causing resistance to treatment using a drug called cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody which specifically attacks the EGFR. The study proves that, both in lab models and in patients with colon cancer, this mutation appears during the disease and that, when this happens, it stops the drug from being effective and the tumor grows... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Luteolin, A Plant Flavonoid, Blocks Cell Signaling Pathways In Colon Cancer Cells

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Luteolin is a flavonoid commonly found in fruit and vegetables. This compound has been shown in laboratory conditions to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties but results from epidemiological studies have been less certain. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Gastroenterology shows that luteolin is able to inhibit the activity of cell signaling pathways (IGF and PI3K) important for the growth of cancer in colon cancer cells. Colon cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in the Western World... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

By Stifling Protective Genes, Inflammatory Mediator Promotes Colorectal Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Chronic inflammation combines with DNA methylation, a process that shuts down cancer-fighting genes, to promote development of colorectal cancer, scientists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center report today in the advance online publication of the journal Nature Medicine. The team's connection of these two separate influences eventually may lead to better combination therapies for treating and preventing colorectal cancer... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)