MedWorm: Ductal Carcinoma

How early breast tumors become deadly: A small group of molecules might hold the answer

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Ohio State University Medical Center) Researchers have discovered a pattern of molecules that differentiate early-stage breast tumors from invasive, life-threatening cancer. They also found a similar molecular signature that correlated with the aggressiveness of invasive tumors, and with the time to metastasis and overall survival. The findings could offer new strategies for treating breast cancer by blocking progression of early-stage breast cancer called ductal carcinoma in situ to life-threatening invasive cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Using Once-Daily Fractionation: Analysis of 312 Cases with Four Years Median Follow-Up

Radiation Oncology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: External beam APBI with once daily fractionation has a low rate of IBF consistent with other published APBI studies. The ASTRO risk stratification did not differentiate a subset of patients with a higher rate of IBF. APBI may be an appropriate treatment for women with DCIS and ILC. (Source: Radiation Oncology)

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Arising from an Ectopic Pancreas in the Gastric Wall: A Long-Term Survival Case

Karger Publishers — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Case Rep Oncol 2012;5:69–73 (DOI:10.1159/000335870) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Proteins and carbohydrates in nipple aspirate fluid predict the presence of atypia and cancer in women requiring diagnostic breast biopsy

BMC Cancer — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: uPA and PAI-1 concentrations in ND were higher in women with atypia and cancer compared to women with benign disease. Combining uPA, PAI-1 and TF in the assessment of women requiring diagnostic breast surgery maximized disease prediction. The assessment of these markers may prove useful in early breast cancer detection. (Source: BMC Cancer)

The incremental value of magnetic resonance imaging for breast surgery planning

Surgery Today — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:46:47 +0100

Conclusions Assessment of the tumor size, multifocality, multicentricity, and presence of ductal carcinoma in situ by MRI may lead to misinterpretations in the majority of patients. The surgical approach should not be changed based solely on MRI findings. An accurately interpreted MMG combined with USG may be sufficient in most cases. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00595-012-0137-5Authors Sibel Ozkan Gurdal, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, 100. yıl mahallesi, Tunca caddesi, No: 32, Tekirdağ, Istanbul, TurkeyBeyza Ozcinar, Departments of Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TurkeyMunire Kayahan, Departments of Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, TurkeyAbdul...

Comparative evaluation of the modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading system on breast carcinoma aspirates and histopathology

CytoJournal — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion : This prospective study shows that FNA smears from peripheral portion of the lesion are representative of the corresponding histopathological sections and it is possible to score and grade by SBR system on FNA smears. (Source: CytoJournal)

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4-week vaccination regimen knocks out early breast cancer tumors, Penn researchers report

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania report that a short course of vaccination with an anti-HER2 dendritic cell vaccine made partly from the patient's own cells triggers a complete tumor eradication in nearly 20 percent of women with ductal carcinoma in situ, an early breast cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Factors Noted to Affect Breast Cancer Treatment Decisions of Women Aged 80 and Older

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe quality of physician documentation about decision‐making in these women was high. A great amount of thoughtful and complex decision‐making involving patients, family, and physicians occurs after a woman aged 80 and older is diagnosed with breast cancer. (Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society)

Overexpression of a novel cell cycle regulator ecdysoneless in breast cancer: a marker of poor prognosis in HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer patients

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:35:08 +0100

Abstract Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of breast cancer. We have previously identified the human Ecd protein (human ortholog of Drosophila Ecdysoneless, hereafter called Ecd) as a novel promoter of mammalian cell cycle progression, a function related to its ability to remove the repressive effects of Rb-family tumor suppressors on E2F transcription factors. Given the frequent dysregulation of cell cycle regulatory components in human cancer, we used immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissues to examine Ecd expression in normal breast tissue versus tissues representing increasing breast cancer progression. Initial studies of a smaller cohort without outcomes information showed that Ecd expression was barely detectable in normal breast tissue and i...

Dormant but migratory tumour cells in desmoplastic stroma of invasive ductal carcinomas

Clinical and Experimental Metastasis — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:54:48 +0100

This study has important connotations for a role of SPCs in local recurrence. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research PaperPages 1-20DOI 10.1007/s10585-011-9450-4Authors Vanisri Raviraj, Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM), AMMRF, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Room 243, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaHui Zhang, Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM), AMMRF, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Room 243, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaHsin-ya Chien, Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM), AMMRF, The University of Sydney, Madsen Building F09, Room 243, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaLouise Cole, Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaErik W. Th...

Tumor suppressor function of RUNX3 in breast cancer

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. RUNX3 is frequently inactivated in human breast cancer cell lines and cancer samples by hemizygous deletion of the Runx3 gene, hypermethylation of the Runx3 promoter, or cytoplasmic sequestration of RUNX3 protein. Inactivation of RUNX3 is associated with the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Female Runx3+/− mice spontaneously develop ductal carcinoma, and overexpression of RUNX3 inhibits the proliferation, tumorigenic potential, and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. This review is intended to summarize these findings and discuss the tumor suppressor function of RUNX3 in breast cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry)

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The differences in the histological types of breast cancer and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: The relationship between the outcome and the clinicopathological characteristics.

Breast — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The response to standardized NAC and prognosis varies for each histological type. For some types, the prognosis was not associated with the clinicopathological response to NAC. Innovative regimens should therefore be investigated for each histological type to achieve the best response. PMID: 22277312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast)

Influence of the in situ component in 389 infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas.

Breast Cancer — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The presence of intraductal component in the infiltrating carcinoma seems to increase DFS and may be an independent and favorable prognostic factor for breast cancer. PMID: 22271067 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast Cancer)

Multi‐institutional analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrating the effect of diabetes status on survival after resection

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 20:41:47 +0100

Conclusion: Pre‐operative diabetes status provides useful information that can help to stratify patients in terms of predicted post‐operative OS and DFS. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Pathologic Complete Response of HER-2 Neu-Positive Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy plus Trastuzumab: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Journal of Nanomaterials — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 15:27:25 +0100

We report a case of pCR of DCIS associated with invasive carcinoma in an HER-2 + tumor after NC plus trastuzumab despite persistence of malignant-appearing microcalcifications mammographically. A 41-year-old Caucasian female presented with a 4×4 cm mass in the right breast and a 2.5 cm right axillary node. Mammogram showed a 2.5 cm mass and a 12 cm area of linear pleomorphic, suspicious calcifications in the upper part of the breast. Core biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma and DCIS associated with calcifications (ER 85%, PR 6%, Her2neu 3+ by IHC). Axillary node FNA was positive for malignancy. The patient received doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) → paclitaxel plus T with complete clinical and radiologic response but no significant cha...

Outcome Analysis of 9-Gauge MRI-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Core Needle Breast Biopsies

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Patients with ipsilateral cancer who have additional suspicious lesions identified on MRI require careful evaluation and biopsy to exclude additional sites of cancer that may impact surgical management. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

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The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and microinvasion.

Surgical Practice — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our data suggests that the risk of nodal metastasis in DCISMI may be low and questions the role of SLNB in DCISMI. We highlight the lack of data on DCISMI and risk of nodal metastasis and the need for further investigation.© 2012 The Authors. Surgical Practice © 2012 College of Surgeons of Hong Kong (Source: Surgical Practice)

Genomic and mutational profiling of ductal carcinomas in situ and matched adjacent invasive breast cancers reveals intra‐tumour genetic heterogeneity and clonal selection

The Journal of Pathology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:01:20 +0100

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast are yet to be fully elucidated. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the progression from DCIS to IDC, including the selection of a subpopulation of cancer cells with specific genetic aberrations, the acquisition of new genetic aberrations or non‐genetic mechanisms mediated by the tumour microenvironment. To determine whether synchronously diagnosed ipsilateral DCIS and IDCs have modal populations with distinct repertoires of gene copy number aberrations and mutations in common oncogenes, matched frozen samples of DCIS and IDCs were retrieved from 13 patients and subjected to microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH), and...

Outcome after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence in patients who receive accelerated partial breast irradiation

Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:With 5 years of follow‐up, APBI produced clinical outcomes and patterns of failure comparable to those achieved with whole breast irradiation. Patients who developed an IBTR after APBI had excellent 3‐year survival outcomes after salvage treatments. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

HER‐2 pulsed dendritic cell vaccine can eliminate HER‐2 expression and impact ductal carcinoma in situ

Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:Results suggest that vaccination against HER‐2/neu is safe and well tolerated and induces decline and/or eradication of HER‐2/neu expression. These findings warrant further exploration of HER‐2/neu vaccination in estrogen‐independent breast cancer and highlight the need to target additional tumor‐associated antigens and pathways. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Influence of Surgical Technique on Mastectomy and Reexcision Rates in Breast-Conserving Therapy for Cancer

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 15:14:21 +0100

Conclusions. CSM is a technique that reduces reexcisions and mastectomy rates. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)

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The Impact of Ethnicity on the, Incidence, Tumor Characteristics and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ? An 11 Year Clinical Experience at a High Volume Teaching Hospital

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:11 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Utilization of Lymph Node Assessment in Patients with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Undergoing Partial Mastectomy

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:11 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Wound Complication Risk After Breast Cancer Resection and Reconstruction - A Multi-Institutional Assessment

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:04 +0100

Conclusions: in this multi-institutional analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with post-operative wound complication, regardless of the type of breast surgery performed. Patients and providers can be assured that receipt of neoadjuvant therapy does not increase the risk of post-operative wound complication. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Predicts Micrometastatic Disease in Stage I-III Breast Cancer

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:04 +0100

Conclusions: ILC was an independent predictor of the presence of DTCs and CTCs. Since most late recurrences are ER positive this raises the question of whether DTCs and CTCs are indeed responsible for late breast cancer recurrence. We are currently assessing DTCs and CTCs for ER status to determine discordance rates between these cells and the primary tumor. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

DEK overexpression is correlated with the clinical features of breast cancer

Pathology International — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, DEK overexpression appears to be associated with breast cancer progression and DEK may potentially be used as a breast cancer biomarker for the early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and therapeutic target for breast cancer. (Source: Pathology International)

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Autocrine proNGF in Breast Cancer [Signal Transduction]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The precursor of nerve growth factor (proNGF) has been described as a biologically active polypeptide able to induce apoptosis in neuronal cells, via the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR and the sortilin receptor. Herein, it is shown that proNGF is produced and secreted by breast cancer cells, stimulating their invasion. Using Western blotting and mass spectrometry, proNGF was detected in a panel of breast cancer cells as well as in their conditioned media. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated an overproduction of proNGF in breast tumors, when compared with benign and normal breast biopsies, and a relationship to lymph node invasion in ductal carcinomas. Interestingly, siRNA against proNGF induced a decrease of breast cancer cell invasion that was restored by the addition of non-cleavable pr...

Must All DCIS Patients Undergo Radiation?Must All DCIS Patients Undergo Radiation?

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 20:33:55 +0100

Dr. Kathy Miller reports on a new look at an old study that indicates how to identify DCIS patients at sufficiently low risk for local recurrence such that they do not need radiation after lumpectomy. Medscape Hematology-Oncology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy Use Among Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Journal of Women — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 16:28:33 +0100

Journal of Women's Health Jan 2012, Vol. 21, No. 1: 35-42. (Source: Journal of Women)

Interplay between membrane lipid peroxidation, transglutaminase activity, and Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in the tissue adjoining to breast cancer

Journal of Cellular Physiology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 12:47:18 +0100

AbstractBreast cancer, a leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, is one of the most common neoplasms in women. The increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in breast lesion is critically involved in the mutagenic processes that drive to breast carcinoma initiation and progression. To date, the molecular events occurring in the tissue adjoin the cancer lesion have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of excess ROS generation during human breast carcinogenesis by evaluating oxidative stress biomarkers, tissue transglutaminase (t‐TGase) activity, and expression levels of ubiquitin and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in the normal tissue adjoin to fibroadenoma (nFA), atypical ductal hyperplasia (nADH), and invasive ductal carcinoma (nIDC) from 45 breast can...

Mucocele-like tumor associated with ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed as mucinous carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology: report of a case

Surgery Today — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:43:01 +0100

We report a case of MLT associated with ductal carcinoma in situ, which was initially diagnosed as fibroadenoma by mammography and ultrasonography, and as mucinous carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology. We discuss the characteristic findings of imaging and the appropriate clinical treatment of this tumor. The characteristic image first signals the possibility of this tumor, following which the diagnosis can be confirmed by pathological examination of a fully excised tumor specimen. Breast-conserving surgery is recommended because of the low risk of high-grade malignancy, even when malignancy is confirmed, and lymph node dissection may be avoided. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00595-011-0063-yAuthors Shoichi Kikuchi, Department of S...

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Melatonin suppresses aromatase expression and activity in breast cancer associated fibroblasts

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 17:56:47 +0100

Abstract The main biological active substance secreted by the pineal gland, melatonin (MLT), counteracts the effects of estrogens in breast cancer via exerting a number of its own oncostatic properties. Recent studies of postmenopausal women have identified that the major metabolite of MLT is statistically significantly associated with a lower risk of developing breast cancer. While MLT production decreases with age, breast cancer risk, however, increases with age and obesity. We hypothesize that MLT inhibits estrogen production in breast adipose fibroblasts (BAFs), the main local source of estrogen in breast tumors of postmenopausal women, by inhibiting transcription of the CYP19A1 gene that encodes the key enzyme aromatase. Normal BAFs were cultured from women undergoing ...

"A novel in vivo model for the study of human breast cancer metastasis using primary breast tumor-initiating cells from patient biopsies"

BMC Cancer — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Tumorspheres isolated under defined culture conditions from patient core biopsies were tumorigenic when transplanted into the mammary fat pad of NUDE mice, and metastasized to multiple mouse organs. Micrometastases in mouse organs demonstrated a dormancy period prior to outgrowth of macrometastases. The development of macrometastases with organ-specific phenotypic distinctions provides a superior model for the investigation of organ-specific effects on metastatic cancer cell survival and growth. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Nek2A contributes to tumorigenic growth and possibly functions as potential therapeutic target for human breast cancer

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThese data suggested that Nek2A might bear a close relationship with development and progression of breast carcinoma, and highlighted its role as a novel potential biomarker for diagnosis and a possible therapeutic target for human breast cancer especially for DCIS. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry)

Trends in incidence and detection of advanced breast cancer at biennial screening mammography in The Netherlands: a population based study

Breast Cancer Research — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We observed no decline in the risk of advanced breast cancer during 12 years of biennial screening mammography. The majority of these cancers could not have been prevented through earlier detection at screening. (Source: Breast Cancer Research)

Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) in human breast carcinoma as a potent prognostic factor. NUCB2 immunoreactivity was detected in the carcinoma cells of DCIS

Cancer Science — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Cancer Science)

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Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy for breast lesions.

Singapore Medical Journal — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: US-guided CNB is an accurate diagnostic alternative to surgical biopsy in patients with breast lesions detected via US, although the high underestimation rates in DCIS and high-risk lesions are still a concern. PMID: 22252182 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Singapore Medical Journal)

Defining a Place for Nipple Sparing Mastectomy in Modern Breast Care: An Evidence Based Review

The Breast Journal — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article aims to critically review the indications and limitations of NSM, discuss evidence based intra‐operative protocols and to discuss ways in which radiation therapy may be incorporated in treatment planning following NSM. A comprehensive search of the scientific literature was carried out using PubMed to access all publications related to nipple sparing mastectomy. The search focused specifically on technique, current management, safety, and complications of these procedures. Keywords searched included “Nipple sparing mastectomy,”“breast conserving surgery,”“Nipple areola complex preservation” and “skin sparing mastectomy.” NSM offers an opportunity to preserve native breast envelope without mutilation of nipple‐areola complex (NAC), and avoids multiple surgic...

DNA damage induced by mammography in high family risk patients: Only one single view in screening.

Breast — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Colin C, Foray N Abstract Women with high risk of breast or ovarian cancers might be more susceptible to radiation-induced cancer because most of tumor suppressor genes are also implicated in the radio-induced DNA damage repair and signaling. Recent radiobiological advances may help to re-consider the potential cellular and molecular consequences of the standard two-view mammographic screening. A major radiobiological effect exacerbated in high family risk women caused by mammographic repeated doses was pointed out on relevant cellular model (untransformed and non tumoral human breast epithelial cells): the Low and Repeated Dose (LORD) effect. In parallel, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported to be less sensitive than mammography for detection of ductal carci...

Preoperative Breast MRI in the Surgical Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

The Breast Journal — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study examined the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of DCIS size, and evaluated the effect of preoperative breast MRI on achievement of tumor‐free surgical margins after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS). One‐hundred and fifty‐eight female patients with DCIS were identified from a prospective database: 60 patients (62 cases) had preoperative breast MRI, and 98 patients did not have MRI. The accuracy of tumor size assessed by MRI was determined by comparison with histopathologic size. All patients underwent BCS initially. The rate of involved margins after resection was compared in MRI and no‐MRI groups. The overall correlation between MRI size and histopathologic size was high (p < 0.0001). MRI assessment of size was significantly more accurat...

The role of breast MR imaging in pre-operative determination of invasive disease for ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed by needle biopsy

European Radiology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 06:42:30 +0100

Conclusions Breast MR imaging is potentially useful to predict the presence of occult invasion in biopsy-proven DCIS with NMLE. Key Points • MR mammography permits more precise lesion assessment including ductal carcinoma in situ • A correct diagnosis of occult invasion before treatment is important for clinicians • This study showed the potential of MR mammography to diagnose occult invasion • Treatment and/or aggressive biopsy can be given with greater confidence • MR mammography can lead to more appropriate management of patients Content Type Journal ArticleCategory BreastPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00330-011-...

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Medullary Cancer of Breast with Atypical Features – A Case Study

Journal of Pakistan Medical Students — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

DISCUSSION According to the World Health Organization, over 1.2 million women are diagnosed with breast cancer annually worldwide.(1) Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is a broad entity which comprises of tumors that exhibit one or more characteristics of specific types of breast cancers. There is evidence of tubular, papillary, medullary or mucinous differentiation microscopically.(2)The etiology is still unknown. Marcus et al have suggested that BRCA1-associated tumors were more likely to be of medullary or atypical medullary type.(3) For the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma to be made, strict histopathologic criteria should be completed. Traditionally, there has been no clear consensus among pathologists of the best diagnostic parameters for classifying medullary carcinoma. Since th...

Atypical Hyperplasia on Core Biopsy: Is Further Surgery Needed?

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Upgrade rate to cancer after surgical excision was 11.3% of AH patients diagnosed on CNB. However, none of the variables are significant in determining the presence of malignancy associated with AH diagnosed by CNB. PMID: 22205116 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences)

Comparative Effectiveness of Positron Emission Mammography and MRI in the Contralateral Breast of Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Contralateral cancer was found in 15 of 367 women (4.1%), with MRI showing 14 (93%). Eleven contralateral cancers (73%) were visible on PEM, but only three (20%) were recognized prospectively as suspicious. Lesions that are visible on PEM should be viewed as suspicious unless known to be benign by prior breast imaging or biopsy. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

Psoriasin (S100A7) increases the expression of ROS and VEGF and acts through RAGE to promote endothelial cell proliferation

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:04:56 +0100

Abstract Psoriasin (S100A7), originally identified in psoriasis, is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the multigenic S100 family. In high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, psoriasin was identified as one of the most abundant transcripts. We have previously shown that psoriasin was induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the downregulation of psoriasin by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) led to the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether psoriasin could have direct effects on endothelial cells. In this study we demonstrated that psoriasin increased VEGF expression in mammary epithelial cells. The treatment of endothelial cells with recombinant psoriasi...

Epicatechin‐rich cocoa polyphenol inhibits kras‐activated pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in a mouse model

International Journal of Cancer — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractActivated Kras gene coupled with activation of Akt and NF‐κB trigger the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), the precursor lesion for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. Therefore, intervention at premalignant stage of disease is considered an ideal strategy to delay the tumor development. Pancreatic malignant tumor cell lines are widely used, however there are not relevant cell‐based models representing premalignant stages of PDAC to test intervention agents. By employing a novel Kras‐driven cell‐based model representing premalignant and malignant stages of PDAC, we investigated the efficacy of ACTICOA‐grade cocoa polyphenol (CP) as a potent chemopreventive agent under in vitro and in vivo conditions. It is noteworthy that several...

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Upregulated IL-19 in breast cancer promotes tumor progression and affects clinical outcome.

Clinical Cancer Research — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: High IL-19 expression in breast cancer tissue is associated with a poor clinical outcome. IL-19 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. PMID: 22186257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

Coexistence of acquired hypertrichosis and scalp alopecia in a patient with infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Ru-Zhi Zhang, Wen-Yuan Zhu, Lei ZhouIndian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2012 78(1):122-122 (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology)

Why the term ‘low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ’ should be changed to ‘borderline breast disease’: diagnostic and clinical implications

Future Medicine: Women's Health — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 16:11:56 +0100

Women's Health , January 2012, Vol. 8, No. 1, Pages 57-62. (Source: Future Medicine: Women's Health)

Dynamic Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Pretreatment Prediction of Tumor Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Clinical Genitourinary Cancer — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Washout(C) may be used as a predictor for pCR in patients with breast cancer who undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PMID: 22169574 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer)

Diffusion-weighted imaging (b value = 1500 s/mm(2)) is useful to decrease false-positive breast cancer cases due to fibrocystic changes.

Breast Cancer — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Adding ADC values calculated from DWI (b value = 1500 s/mm(2)) to BI-RADS is a useful way to improve differential diagnostic accuracy for malignant tumors and benign lesions, especially for DCIS versus fibrocystic changes, except in cases of ductal hyperplasia. PMID: 22161277 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast Cancer)

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Genomic Oncotype breast cancer test to predict risk of recurrence

Hospital Management — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Genomic Health's Oncotype DX has met its primary endpoint in a clinical validation study investigating patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a type of breast cancer. (Source: Hospital Management)

Predicting Risk For Recurrence For Patients With DCIS Breast Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 08:00:00 +0100

In a significant advance for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, researchers have developed and prospectively validated a multigene test to identify the risk for recurrence of breast cancer. The method combines measuring tumor gene expression with a gene expression algorithm to decipher the genetic underpinnings of a patient's cancer and determine whether the individual patient should be treated with surgery (usually lumpectomy) or a combination of surgery and radiation... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Oncotype DX Breast Cancer Test: Now for DCIS TooOncotype DX Breast Cancer Test: Now for DCIS Too

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 22:23:25 +0100

Based on new findings, the test will likely be available soon for use in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

SABCS: Gene Test Predicts DCIS Recurrence Risk (CME/CE)

MedPage Today OB/GYN — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 14:43:09 +0100

SAN ANTONIO (MedPage Today) -- A multigene assay for predicting recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ showed potential for identifying low-risk patients who can avoid radiation therapy, according to a study reported here. (Source: MedPage Today OB/GYN)

DCIS Score Predicts Risk of Ipsilateral Breast Events in Women With DCIS Regardless of Adjuvant Tamoxifen Use

Clinical Care Options Oncology - Breast Cancer — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Capsule Summary - The DCIS Score was shown using samples and data from ECOG E5194 to provide independent prognostic information on the risk of IBEs beyond that attained with clinical and pathologic variables in women with DCIS who were treated with surgical resection and no radiation therapy. (Source: Clinical Care Options Oncology - Breast Cancer)

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New test predicts risk for recurrence for patients with DCIS

EurekAlert! - Cancer — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(American Association for Cancer Research) In a significant advance for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, researchers have developed and prospectively validated a multigene test to identify the risk for recurrence of breast cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)

Imaging guided trials of the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib in mouse models predict efficacy in pancreatic neuroendocrine but not ductal carcinoma [Applied Biological Sciences]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Preclinical trials in mice represent a critical step in the evaluation of experimental therapeutics. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) represent a promising platform for the evaluation of drugs, particularly those targeting the tumor microenvironment. We evaluated sunitinib, an angiogenesis inhibitor that targets VEGF and PDGF receptor signaling, in two GEMMs of pancreatic cancer. Sunitinib did not reduce tumor burden in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whereas tumor burden was reduced in the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) model, the latter results confirming and extending previous studies. To explore the basis for the lack of pathologic response in PDAC, we used noninvasive microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, which revealed that sunitinib reduced bl...

Salivary duct carcinoma: diagnostic clues, histology and treatment.

Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We present a case of a 75-year-old man with a rapidly- growing salivary duct carcinoma in the parotid gland, of one month's evolution. Histopathologically, salivary duct carcinoma is characterised by its resemblance to ductal carcinoma of the breast. It usually develops aggressively with possibilities of early distant metastasis and local recurrence. The tumour is managed with total parotidectomy, ipsilateral neck dissection and adjunctive radiation. In advanced cases, we recommend treatment with anti-Her-2 monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab. PMID: 22153962 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola)

SABCS: New Multigene Test Predicts Recurrence Risk for DCIS

About.com Breast Cancer — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

News from the 34th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS): Dr. Lawrence Solin presented the results of a study for a new multigene assay which has been shown to predict the risk of recurrence for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ - DCIS - a precancerous breast condition. Standard treatment for DCIS is a lumpectomy and radiation, followed by five years of hormone therapy, if the cells were estrogen-sensitive. This new test helps a doctor determine which patients need radiation to prevent a recurrence, and which may safely avoid that treatment....Read Full Post (Source: About.com Breast Cancer)

Usefulness of 18F-FDG uptake with clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical prognostic factors in breast cancer

Annals of Nuclear Medicine — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 17:14:05 +0100

Conclusions A high FDG uptake of breast tumor is correlated with several poor prognosis factors, such as tumor invasiveness >2 cm, higher tumor grade, higher MIB-1, hormonal receptor negativity, and triple negativity. However, PET has a limited value in discriminating axillary lymph nodes. Pre-operative PET is a useful modality to predict biologic poor prognosis factors which could affect adjunctive therapy of breast cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s12149-011-0556-1Authors Bom Sahn Kim, Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, 911–1 Mok-Dong, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158–710 KoreaSun Hee Sung, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans Univers...

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Progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer is associated with gene expression programs of EMT and myoepithelia

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 19:29:06 +0100

Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor lesion that can gives rise to invasive breast cancer (IBC). It has been proposed that both the nature of the lesion and the tumor microenvironment play key roles in progression to IBC. Here, laser capture microdissected tissue from pure DCIS and pure IBC were employed to define key gene expression profiles in either the epithelial or stromal compartment associated with disease progression. Each tissue had distinct gene expression profiles, and a DCIS/IBC classifier accurately distinguished DCIS versus IBC in multiple independent data sets. However, contrary to other studies that profiled DCIS associated with invasive disease, we found that the most significant alterations in gene expression were observed in the epithe...

Nipple discharge in a screening programme: Imaging findings with pathological correlation

Australasian Radiology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryBreastScreen Australia provides free mammographic screening for asymptomatic women over the age of 40, targeting women aged 50–69. Occasionally women will present to screening programmes with a history of nipple discharge, which is uncommonly associated with significant underlying breast disease. Seventy‐six women with a history of nipple discharge were recalled to BreastScreen Western Australia assessment centres from 2004 to 2008, of whom 72 were recalled primarily for their symptoms. Thirty‐six of these patients had pathology investigations, including 18 nipple discharge smears, 17 fine needle aspirations, 11 core biopsies and eight surgical biopsies or therapeutic resections. The biopsies found 11 intraduct papillomas and one invasive ductal carcinoma with ductal carcinoma...

Dosimetric evaluation of conventional radiotherapy, 3‐D conformal radiotherapy and direct machine parameter optimisation intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for breast cancer after conservative surgery

Australasian Radiology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In WBI of breast cancer after conservative surgery, 3DCRT and DMPO‐IMRT improved the homogeneity and conformity of the PTV compared with CR. Meanwhile, 3DCRT reduced the irradiated volumes of OARs at all dose levels listed in our study while DMPO‐IMRT reduced the irradiated volumes of OARs in high‐dose areas but increased the irradiated volumes of OARs in low‐dose areas. (Source: Australasian Radiology)

Aberrant expression and clinical correlation of Notch signaling molecules in breast cancer of Chinese population

Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Notch molecules are useful biomarkers in breast cancer especially for Notch1 and DLL4, and Notch1 is expressed differently in different stages of human breast cancer. (Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Podoplanin expression by cancer‐associated fibroblasts predicts poor outcome in invasive ductal breast carcinoma

Histopathology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results suggest that podoplanin expression by CAFs could be an unfavourable prognostic marker for IDC. (Source: Histopathology)

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Squamoid Eccrine Ductal Carcinoma: Inappropriate Diagnosis

Dermatologic Surgery — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Dermatologic Surgery)

Preoperative taxane‐based chemotherapy in a standardized protocol for locally advanced breast cancer

Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This regimen of TAC is effective and well‐tolerated and is likely to result in improved outcomes since patients can receive optimal multimodality treatments. (Source: Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Cyclooxygenase-2 and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER-2) expression simultaneously in invasive and in situ breast ductal carcinoma.

Sao Paulo Medical Journal — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that HER-2 and COX-2 regulate each other. PMID: 22249792 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Sao Paulo Medical Journal)

Surgical Excision of Benign Papillomas Diagnosed with Core Biopsy: A Community Hospital Approach

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 23:54:38 +0100

Our goal was to assess the value of surgical excision of benign papillomas of the breast diagnosed on percutaneous core biopsy by determining the frequency of upgrade to malignancies and high risk lesions on a final surgical pathology. We reviewed 67 patients who had biopsies yielding benign papilloma and underwent subsequent surgical excision. Surgical pathology of the excised lesions was compared with initial core biopsy pathology results. 54 patients had concordant benign core and excisional pathology. Cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma) was diagnosed in five (7%) patients. Surgery revealed high-risk lesions in 8 (12%) patients, including atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, and lobular carcinoma in situ. Cancer and high risk les...

Expression and mutational status of RON in neoplastic lesions of the breast: analysis of MSP/RON signaling in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma

APMIS — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Ren XL, Daa T, Yada N, Kashima K, Fujitomi Y, Yokoyama S. Expression and mutational status of RON in neoplastic lesions of the breast: analysis of MSP/RON signaling in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. APMIS 2011.Recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase closely related to MET and involved in tumorigenesis. We investigated the roles of aberrations in RON and its ligand, macrophage‐stimulating protein (MSP), in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, n = 81), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, n = 26), and in benign lesions (n = 20) of mammary gland. Expression of RON and MSP was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and the mutational status of a region containing the proteolytic cleavage site in exon 1 and each exon of the kinase domain (exon 1...

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Correlations of survivin expression with clinicomorphological parameters and hormonal receptor status in breast ductal carcinoma.

Neoplasma — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 12:25:42 +0100

Authors: Adamkov M, Kajo K, Vybohova D, Krajcovic J, Stuller F, Rajcani J Abstract The antiapoptotic protein survivin is widely expressed in most human cancers, including carcinomas of the breast. It is rarely detected in corresponding normal adult tissues. Therefore, survivin comes into the limelight as a promising diagnostic biomarker and prognostic parameter. Immunohistochemically, we examined the expression of this protein in 126 cases of ductal breast carcinoma to determine the association with clinicomorphological parameters such as age of patients, grade, stage and size of the primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion as well as estrogen and progesterone status. In each section, the subcellular location of survivin antigen, the intensity of staining and the p...

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase 2 reaches its lowest expression levels in human breast cancer during regional nodal metastasis

Clinical and Experimental Metastasis — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:52:36 +0100

Abstract Almost half of breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ are likely to remain non threatening in situ lesions with no invasion to the surrounding stroma and no metastases. The majority of focal disruptions in myoepithelial (ME) cell layers indicative of invasion onset were found to be overlying epithelial cell clusters with no or substantially reduced estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression. Here we report the down-regulation of tyrosine kinase-2 (TYK2) and up-regulation of strumpellin expression, among other proteins in ERα(−) cells located at disrupted ME layers compared to adjacent ERα(+) cells overlying an intact myoepithelial layer. ERα(+) and ERα(−) cells were microdissected from the same in vivo human breast cancer tissues, proteins were extracted and separate...

Comparing the benefits of screening for breast cancer and lung cancer using a novel natural history model

Cancer Causes and Control — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:48:44 +0100

Abstract To estimate the impact of early detection of cancer, knowledge of how quickly primary tumors grow and at what size they shed lethal metastases is critical. We developed a natural history model of cancer to estimate the probability of disease-specific cure as a function of tumor size, the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT), and disease-specific mortality reduction achievable by screening. The model was applied to non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), separately. Model parameter estimates were based on Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry datasets and validated on screening trials. Compared to IDC, NSCLC is estimated to have a lower probability of disease-specific cure at the same detected tumor size, s...

Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas and related neoplasms: a review

Diagnostic Histopathology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) are rare tumours of the exocrine pancreas, accounting for up to 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms in adults and 15% of those in children. They are typically solid, cellular, stroma-poor tumours composed of sheets of relatively uniform cells. This sheet-like arrangement is usually punctuated by variable numbers of acinar structures. Variable amounts of neuroendocrine elements in the form of scattered individual cells are quite common, and some cases have more significant neuroendocrine or ductal elements (mixed acinar neuroendocrine carcinoma and mixed acinar ductal carcinoma).Demonstration of acinar differentiation, usually by immunohistochemistry, is necessary for the diagnosis. Among the antibodies recognizing various pancreatic enzymes, trypsin and c...

Six-Year Analysis of Treatment-Related Toxicities in Patients Treated with Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation on the American Society of Breast Surgeons MammoSite Breast Brachytherapy Registry Trial

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 16:40:52 +0100

Conclusions Treatment-related toxicities 6 years after treatment with APBI using the MammoSite device are similar to those reported with other forms of APBI with similar follow-up. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2133-1Authors A. J. Khan, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USADouglas Arthur, Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USAF. Vicini, Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USAP. Beitsch, Department of Surgery, Dallas Breast Center, Dallas, TX, USAH. Kuerer, Department of Surgery, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USAS. Goyal, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer...

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BI-RADS-MRI terminology and evaluation of intraductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ.

Breast Cancer — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tozaki M Abstract There has been dramatic progress in MRI technology during the past 20 years, and the rate of detection and diagnostic accuracy in regard to intraductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have been increasing. First, we present MRI images of intraductal carcinomas and the terminology in the second edition of the BI-RADS-MRI to describe them. Next, we examined the data in our institution in regard to the following: (1) the DCIS detection rate, (2) the proportions of breast cancer and DCIS in MR-guided vacuum-assisted biopsies (VAB), (3) evaluation of the extent of intraductal carcinoma, and (4) diagnosis of extension of intraductal carcinoma into the nipple. MR images were acquired by performing a 1-min interval dynamic study with a 1.5-T MR sca...

Investigation of human JC and BK polyomaviruses in breast carcinomas

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:58:26 +0100

Abstract We have previously showed the presence of the simian virus 40 (SV40) and the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like in a significant proportions of Tunisian breast carcinomas. However, to date there are no published studies concerning evaluation of the possible implication of the human polyomaviruses JC (JCV) and BK (BKV) in breast carcinomas. The presence of JCV and BKV DNA was investigated by PCR in a 123 primary breast carcinomas and matched adjacent non-tumor breast tissues. The results were correlated to clinicopathological and virological parameters. JCV T-antigen DNA was detected in 23% of breast carcinoma cases; however, all cases were negative for BKV. JCV T antigen PCR products were further confirmed as authentic JCV genome by direct sequencing. JCV was fo...

Structural Estimates of Treatment Effects on Outcomes Using Retrospective Data: An Application to Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Medical Care Research and Review — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Analysis of observational cohort data is subject to bias from unobservable risk selection. The authors compared econometric models and treatment effectiveness estimates using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare claims data for women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ. Treatment effectiveness estimates for mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with or without radiotherapy were compared using three different models: simultaneous-equations model, discrete-time survival model with unobserved heterogeneity (frailty), and proportional hazards model. Overall trends in disease-free survival (DFS), or time to first subsequent breast event, by treatment are similar regardless of the model, with mastectomy yielding the highest DFS over 8 years of...

Imaging tumor vascularization for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.

Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 16:18:12 +0100

Authors: Heijblom M, Klaase JM, van den Engh FM, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S Abstract Breast cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in western women. Current screening and diagnostic imaging modalities, like x-ray mammography and ultrasonography, focus on morphological changes of breast tissue. However, these techniques still miss some cancers and often falsely detect cancer. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting the disease can probably be improved by focusing on the consequences of tumor angiogenesis: the increased microvessel density with altered vascular characteristics. In this review, various techniques for imaging breast tumor vasculature are discussed. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is the most-used imaging mo...

Effect of Observing Change from Comparison Mammograms on Performance of Screening Mammography in a Large Community-based Population [Breast Imaging]

Radiology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Performance is affected when change from comparison mammograms is noted. Without change, sensitivity is low and specificity is high. With change, sensitivity is high, with a high false-positive rate (low specificity). Further work is needed to appreciate changes that might indicate cancer and to identify changes that are likely not indicative of cancer. © RSNA, 2011 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11110653/-/DC1 (Source: Radiology)

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Comparison of the clinical performance of three digital mammography systems in a breast cancer screening programme.

The British Journal of Radiology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study compares the clinical performance of three digital mammography system types in a breast cancer screening programme. 28 digital mammography systems from three different vendors were included in the study. The retrospective analysis included 238 182 screening examinations of women aged between 50 and 64 years over a three-year period. All images were double read and assigned a result according to a 5-point rating scale to indicate the probability of cancer. Women with a positive result were recalled for further assessment imaging and biopsy if necessary. Clinical performance in terms of cancer detection rate was analysed and the results presented. No statistically significant difference was found between the three different mammography systems in a population-based screening progr...

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: multimodality imaging and histopathologic assessment.

Acta Radiologica — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionMetaplastic carcinomas might display more benign features and less axillary lymph node metastasis than IDC. High signal intensity on T2 MRI images and hormone receptor negativity would be helpful in differentiating this tumor from other breast cancers. PMID: 22090465 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Radiologica)

Reduced expression of activin receptor-like kinase 7 in breast cancer is associated with tumor progression

Medical Oncology — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:50:00 +0100

Abstract To explore the clinical implication of activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) expression in breast cancer, we evaluated its protein level in six kinds of human breast tissue samples, including adjacent normal tissues, adenosis, breast fibroadenoma, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and lymph node metastases (LNM). Immunohistochemical analyses showed that ALK7 was more frequently and much more intensely expressed in adjacent normal tissues, adenosis, and fibroadenoma tissues than in malignant tissues (DCIS, IDC, and LNM). Furthermore, the ALK7 expression in primary tumors and the corresponding LNM was evaluated in parallel samples from 60 patients with IDC. Results showed that the ALK7 expression status in primary tumors and LNM was c...

Re: Long-term Outcomes of Invasive Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrences After Lumpectomy in NSABP B-17 and B-24 Randomized Clinical Trials for DCIS

JNCI — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JNCI)

RNA helicase DDX5 regulates MicroRNA expression and contributes to cytoskeletal reorganization in basal breast cancer cells.

Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wang D, Huang J, Hu Z Abstract RNA helicase DDX5 (also p68) is involved in all aspects of RNA metabolism and serves as a transcriptional co-regulator, but its functional role in breast cancer remains elusive. Here, we report an integrative biology study of DDX5 in breast cancer, encompassing quantitative proteomics, global MicroRNA profiling, and detailed biochemical characterization of cell lines and human tissues. We showed that protein expression of DDX5 increased progressively from the luminal to basal breast cancer cell lines, and correlated positively with that of CD44 in the basal subtypes. Through immunohistochemistry analyses of tissue microarrays containing over 200 invasive human ductal carcinomas, we observed that DDX5 was upregulated in the majority of maligna...

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Proteomic identification of predictive biomarkers of resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in luminal breast cancer: A possible role for 14-3-3 theta/tau and tBID?

Journal of Proteomics — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, antibody microarrays have been used to identify proteins associated with chemotherapy resistance using fresh breast cancer tissue. We propose a potential role for 14-3-3 theta/tau and tBID as predictive biomarkers of neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer. Further validation in a larger sample series is now required. PMID: 22115752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Proteomics)

Paget Disease of the Breast: Mammographic, US, and MR Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation [Breast Imaging]

Radiographics recent issues — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Paget disease is a rare malignancy of the breast characterized by infiltration of the nipple epidermis by adenocarcinoma cells. The clinical features of Paget disease are characteristic and should increase the likelihood of the diagnosis being made. An important point is that more than 90% of cases of Paget disease are associated with an additional underlying breast malignancy. Paget disease is frequently associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the underlying lactiferous ducts of the nipple-areolar complex; it may even be associated with DCIS or invasive breast cancer elsewhere in the breast, at least 2 cm from the nipple-areolar complex. Nevertheless, mammographic findings may be negative in up to 50% of cases. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be useful in patients with Page...

Expression and role of fibroblast activation protein-alpha in microinvasive breast carcinoma

Diagnostic Pathology — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that immunostaining with FAP-alpha and Calponin can serve as a novel marker for pathologically diagnosing whether DCIS has microinvasion. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Influence of uncommon histology on breast conservation therapy for breast cancer‐biology dictates technique?

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsPatients with uncommon breast cancer histologies show wide variation in the application of BCT depending on the primary tumor. This suggests that an individualized approach in the use of BCT depending on histology should be used. J. Surg. Oncol © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Cancerization of lobules: correlation between mammography and histological findings

Radiologia Brasileira — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 05:54:29 +0100

CONCLUSION: In our cohort, the mammographic evaluation of patients with DCIS presenting cancerization of lobules demonstrated clusters of microcalcifications in a lobular distribution. Although clusters of round calcifications are typically associated with a benign process, cancerization of lobules by DCIS may produce a similar pattern, thus mimicking a benign condition. (Source: Radiologia Brasileira)

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Loss of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) expression in human ductal carcinoma correlates with disease stage and contributes to metastasis

Breast Cancer Research — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: IRF5 is an important tumor suppressor that regulates multiple cellular processes (i.e. growth, response to DNA damage, and invasion/metastasis) involved in the conversion of normal mammary epithelial cells to tumor epithelial cells with metastatic potential. (Source: Breast Cancer Research)

Oxidative stress parameters in women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and treated with nutraceutical doses of oral glutamine.

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 01:45:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: Oral GLN (15g/kg/day) offers no protection against systemic or local oxidative stress in women with breast Ca undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FAC). PMID: 21971664 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Cirurgica Brasileira)

Identification of copy number alterations associated with the progression of DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 16:55:58 +0100

Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Annotation of the genetic differences between the two lesions may assist in the identification of genes that promote the invasive phenotype. Synchronous DCIS and IDC cells were microdissected from FFPE tissue and analysed by molecular inversion probe (MIP) copy number arrays. Matched IDC and DCIS showed highly similar copy number profiles (average of 83% of the genome shared) indicating a common clonal origin although there is evidence that the DCIS continues to evolve in parallel with the co-existing IDC. Four chromosomal regions of loss (3q, 6q, 8p and 11q) and four regions of gain (5q, 16p, 19q and 20) were recurrently affected in IDC but not in DCIS. CCND1 and MYC s...

Differential oxidative status and immune characterization of the early and advanced stages of human breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:57:46 +0100

Abstract Breast cancer is the malignant neoplasia with the highest incidence in women worldwide. Chronic oxidative stress and inflammation have been indicated as major mediators during carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Human studies have not considered the complexity of tumor biology during the stages of cancer advance, limiting their clinical application. The purpose of this study was to characterize systemic oxidative stress and immune response parameters in early (ED; TNM I and II) and advanced disease (AD; TNM III and IV) of patients diagnosed with infiltrative ductal carcinoma breast cancer. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated by plasmatic lipoperoxidation, carbonyl content, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide levels (NO), total radica...

Some clarity in the management of DCIS in breast cancer screening

Journal of Medical Screening — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Medical Screening)

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Increased expression of CD146 and microvessel density (MVD) in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: Comparative study with invasive ductal carcinoma-not otherwise specified.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li W, Yang D, Wang S, Guo X, Lang R, Fan Y, Gu F, Zhang X, Niu Y, Yan X, Fu L Abstract Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare variant of ductal carcinoma of the breast, and is characterized by a high metastatic potential and an aggressive clinical course. Studies of CD146 expression and function in breast cancer remain scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CD146 and microvessel density (MVD) in breast IMPC. CD146 mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry for CD146 and MVD measured by CD31 were assessed in 82 cases of IMPC and 137 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS). The mRNA level of CD146 in cancer specimens was higher in IMPC than in IDC-NOS. CD146 expression in tumor cells was up-regulated in IMPC as compa...

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

The Breast Journal — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the existing scientific evidence, the controversies surrounding local management, and clinical guidelines for DCIS based on the group consensus by the ACR Breast Expert Panel. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence‐based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer‐reviewed journals and the application of a well established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances where evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatm...

Total laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: beyond selected patients.

The American Surgeon — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study is to evaluate the feasibility of LDP and procedural outcomes in a series of consecutive nonselected patients. All patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy over 18 months were identified from a prospectively maintained database, under institutional review board approval. A completely laparoscopic (non hand-assisted) procedure was performed using a 4-trocar technique. Conversion to an open procedure, operative time (OR), estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion requirements, postoperative length of stay (LOS), and complications were assessed. Sixteen patients were identified; 2/16 patients had undergone distal pancreatectomy as a component of another multiorgan open procedure, and were thus excluded. The remaining 14 patients had consented for LDP. Conversion occurred in 4/14 cas...

Comparison between screen-detected and symptomatic breast cancers according to molecular subtypes

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 16:52:54 +0100

Abstract Breast cancer screening programs make it possible to detect early cancer, thus reducing breast cancer mortality. We studied the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of screen-detected invasive breast cancer compared with symptomatic breast cancer. And we compared the result according to molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, Her2, and triple negative), with the goal of identifying the role of screening in each subtypes. From January 2002 to June 2008, 3,141 patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma at Samsung Medical Center were included. Among them, 1,025 patients were screen-detected, and 2,116 patients who were screened over 2 years or never were symptomatic. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pat...

Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific Interactions with the Microenvironment Dictate Mechanisms of Invasion

Cancer Research — Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Most ductal breast carcinoma cells are weakly invasive in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that components of their microenvironment may facilitate a transition from in situ to invasive stages during progression. Here, we report that coculture of mammary fibroblasts specifically triggers invasive behavior in basal-type breast cancer cells through a ligand independent mechanism. When cultured alone in organotypic culture, both basal- and luminal-type breast cancer cells formed noninvasive spheroids with characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In contrast, when cocultured with mammary fibroblasts, basal-type spheroids exhibited invasive character whereas the luminal-type spheroids retained a benign and noninvasive duct-like architecture. Real-time imaging and functional studies reve...

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Prognostic value of positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and negative hormone status in patients with T1a/T1b, lymph node‐negative breast cancer

Cancer — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that patients with T1a/T1b, lymph node‐negative BC have a low risk of distant and local recurrence, but younger age is a significant risk factor for events occurrence. Young women with HER2‐positive and HR‐negative status have a significant risk of distant recurrence and should be considered for future clinical trials with anti‐HER2 adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Immunophenotypic and genomic characterisation of papillary carcinomas of the breast

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractPapillary carcinomas are a special histological type of breast cancer, and have a relatively good outcome. We characterised the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of papillary carcinomas, and to determine whether they would constitute an entity distinct from grade‐ and oestrogen receptor (ER)‐matched invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC‐NSTs). The phenotype of 63 papillary carcinomas of the breast and grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs was determined by immunohistochemistry. DNA of sufficient quality was extracted from 49 microdissected papillary carcinomas and 49 microdissected grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs. These samples were subjected to high‐resolution microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) and MassARRAY Sequenom sequencin...

Immunophenotypic and genomic characterization of papillary carcinomas of the breast

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractPapillary carcinomas are a special histological type of breast cancer and have a relatively good outcome. We characterized the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of papillary carcinomas to determine whether they would constitute an entity distinct from grade‐ and oestrogen receptor (ER)‐matched invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC‐NSTs). The phenotype of 63 papillary carcinomas of the breast and grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs was determined by immunohistochemistry. DNA of sufficient quality was extracted from 49 microdissected papillary carcinomas and 49 microdissected grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs. These samples were subjected to high‐resolution microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and Sequenom MassARRAY sequencing anal...

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, increased MMP-9 expression is related to poor prognostic clinicopathological factors in IDC, and hence, it can be utilized as a supplementary prognostic marker. The role of MMP-2 expression in the prognosis of IDC is rather limited. PMID: 22030137 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pathology, Research and Practice)

Better exercise adherence after treatment for cancer (BEAT Cancer) study: Rationale, design, and methods

Contemporary Clinical Trials — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Most breast cancer survivors do not engage in regular physical activity. Our physical activity behavior change intervention for breast cancer survivors significantly improved physical activity and health outcomes post-intervention during a pilot, feasibility study. Testing in additional sites with a larger sample and longer follow-up is warranted to confirm program effectiveness short and longer term. Importantly, the pilot intervention resulted in changes in physical activity and social cognitive theory constructs, enhancing our potential for testing mechanisms mediating physical activity behavior change. Here, we report the rationale, design, and methods for a two-site, randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of the BEAT Cancer physical activity behavior change interv...

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Lymph-node metastases in invasive lobular carcinoma are different from those in ductal carcinoma of the breast

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This study provides clinical evidence which further demonstrates that ILC and IDC are biologically distinct entities with different lymph-node involvement patterns and ILC having a tendency to metastasise to more nodes than IDC. However, this difference was not associated with a significant impact on patient outcome. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

What is the significance of flat epithelial atypia and what are the management implications?

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The presence of FEA on core biopsy warrants further tissue sampling to ensure concomitant malignancy is not missed. Sampling with VAB provides sufficient tissue for histopathological evaluation, reducing the need for surgical biopsy. It is important that the utilisation of VAB is incorporated into a safe patient management pathway with careful multidisciplinary team discussion to ensure radiological–pathological concordance. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Lebanon: A Case Series.

The Oncologist — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. The incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Lebanon is similar to that described in the literature. In order to determine targets for future therapeutic options, it is essential to understand the biology of this particular breast cancer subtype. PMID: 22020211 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Oncologist)

Non-invasive Detection of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis using Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII Targeted Imaging Probes.

Clinical Cancer Research — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These imaging probes have potential for non-invasive staging of breast cancer in the clinic and elimination of unneeded surgery, which is costly and associated with morbidities. PMID: 22016510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

Screening Breast MR Imaging in Women with a History of Lobular Carcinoma in Situ [Breast Imaging]

Radiology — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: MR imaging is a useful adjunct modality with which to screen women with a history of LCIS at high-risk of developing breast cancer, resulting in a 4.5% incremental cancer detection rate. Sensitivity in the detection of breast cancers with a combination of MR imaging and mammography was higher than sensitivity of either modality alone. © RSNA, 2011 (Source: Radiology)

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Use of Annual Mammography Among Older Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Journal of General Internal Medicine — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 05:48:49 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Annual mammography among women age 65 to 85 with DCIS declines as women get further from diagnosis. Interventions should focus on reducing disparities in the use of initial surveillance mammography, and increasing surveillance over time. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11606-011-1918-zAuthors Phyllis Brawarsky, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 1620 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02120-1613, USABridget A. Neville, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USAGarrett M. Fitzmaurice, Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USAMichael J. Hassett, Center for Outcomes and...

Immunophenotyping analysis in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: Role of CD24 and CD44 isoforms expression.

Breast — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study demonstrated that IMPC represents a distinct entity of breast carcinoma with high expression of CD24 with a typical inverted apical membrane pattern and reduction of CD44 isoforms v5 and v9, compared to IDCs. These features could explain the high lymph-vascular invasion propensity and higher metastatic capability of these tumors and could be a useful tool for a future targeted therapy. PMID: 22014860 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast)

Impact of digital mammography in the detection and management of microcalcifications.

Radiologia — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Direct digital mammography has improved the detection of microcalcifications, increasing the number of DCIS diagnosed without decreasing the positive predictive value of the invasive procedures indicated for microcalcifications. However, direct digital mammography has had a negative effect by increasing the recall rate and indication for short-term follow-up, possibly due to the difficulty of comparing the findings with those of earlier analog mammograms. PMID: 22015223 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Radiologia)

Comparative Effectiveness of Digital Versus Film-Screen Mammography in Community Practice in the United States: A Cohort Study.

Annals of Internal Medicine — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Overall, cancer detection with digital or film-screen mammography is similar in U.S. women aged 50 to 79 years undergoing screening mammography. Women aged 40 to 49 years are more likely to have extremely dense breasts and estrogen receptor-negative tumors; if they are offered mammography screening, they may choose to undergo digital mammography to optimize cancer detection. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute. PMID: 22007043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)

Usefulness of breast-specific gamma imaging as an adjunct modality in breast cancer patients with dense breast: a comparative study with MRI

Annals of Nuclear Medicine — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 16:03:52 +0100

Conclusion BSGI showed an equivocal sensitivity and a high specificity compared to MRI in the diagnosis of breast lesions. In addition, BSGI had a good sensitivity in discriminating breast cancers ≤1 cm. The results of this study suggest that BSGI could play a crucial role as an adjunctive imaging modality which can be used to evaluate breast cancer patients with dense breasts. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s12149-011-0544-5Authors Bom Sahn Kim, Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 911–1 Mok-Dong, Yangchun-Ku, Seoul, 158–710 Korea Journal Annals of Nuclear MedicineOnline ISSN 1864-6433Print ISSN 0914-7187 (Source: Annals of Nuclear Medicine)

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Increased expression of fibroblastic growth factor receptor 2 is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsHigh FGFR2 expression is correlated with poor OS and DFS in breast cancer patients. It could be a biomarker for poor prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Dermatomyositis and concomitant overlap myasthenic syndrome: A rare presentation

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Sat, 15 Oct 2011 05:13:28 +0100

We report a patient with combined DM and OMS who was ultimately diagnosed with ductal carcinoma of the breast. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

Glutathione transferase pi (GSTpi) expression in breast cancer: An immunohistochemical and molecular study.

Acta Histochemica — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jardim BV, Moschetta MG, Gelaleti GB, Leonel C, Regiani VR, de Santi Neto D, Bordin-Junior NA, Perea SA, Zuccari DA Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide. Prognostic markers are important for diagnosis, allowing therapeutic strategies to be defined more efficiently. The expression of the glutathione S-transferase pi isoenzyme (GSTpi) in tumor cells has been evaluated as a predictor of prognosis and in response to cytotoxic treatments. Its immunoexpression was assessed in 63 women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma in a retrospective study. The results were statistically correlated with clinicopathological parameters of patients. The results showed that high GSTpi expression was related to p53-positive tumors, grade III histology, large...

High-frequency ultrasound for intraoperative margin assessments in breast conservation surgery: a feasibility study

BMC Cancer — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Results from high-frequency ultrasonic measurements of human breast tissue specimens indicate that characteristics in the ultrasonic attenuation, spectra, and cepstra can be used to differentiate between normal, benign, and malignant breast pathologies. (Source: BMC Cancer)

The ADAMTS1 Protease Gene Is Required for Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis.

The American Journal of Pathology — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ricciardelli C, Frewin KM, Tan ID, Williams ED, Opeskin K, Pritchard MA, Ingman WV, Russell DL Abstract A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs protein 1 (ADAMTS1) is a protease commonly up-regulated in metastatic carcinoma. Its overexpression in cancer cells promotes experimental metastasis, but whether ADAMTS1 is essential for metastatic progression is unknown. To address this question, we investigated mammary cancer progression and spontaneous metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT mouse mammary tumor model in Adamts1 knockout mice. Adamts1(-/-)/PyMT mice displayed significantly reduced mammary tumor and lung metastatic tumor burden and increased survival, compared with their wild-type and heterozygous littermates. Histological examination revealed an increase...

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Rare Case of Male Breast Cancer and Axillary Lymphoma in the Same Patient: An Unique Case Report

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 22:55:26 +0100

Breast cancer in men is uncommon, and even more rare is the simultaneous presentation of two different malignancies. A 39-year-old man was diagnosed with both breast cancer and axillary lymphoma. Familiar history revealed that his mother died because of breast cancer. The patient underwent fine needle aspiration leading to the diagnosis of malignant lesion. Modified radical mastectomy was performed. Histology revealed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma 2.8 cm wide, grade 2, with vascular and lymphatic invasion. Surprisingly, one of the second level nodes was confirmed as a high-grade large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No family inheritance or gene mutations (BRCA 1 and 2) were found. The patient underwent local radiotherapy, followed by 6 chemotherapy courses (RCHOP) and treatme...

Artificial neural network in diagnosis of lobular carcinoma of breast in fine‐needle aspiration cytology

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we applied artificial neural network (ANN) for the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material. We selected a total of 64 cases of histology proven breast lesions consisting of 20 fibroadenomas, 28 infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC), and 16 infiltrating lobular carcinomas (ILC). Detailed cytomorphological features were studied on representative Haematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) and May‐Grunwald Giemsa stained slides. Image morphometric analysis was performed on Haematoxylin–Eosin stained smears to study nuclear area, diameter, perimeter, roundness, convex area, and convex perimeter. Both the qualitative cytological features and objective morphometric data were collected and a total of 18 variables were studied. Back propagation ANN ...

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of triple‐negative basal‐like breast cancer

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractInvasive breast cancer is divided into luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, basal‐like (BL) and normal‐like subtypes, among which the BL subtype has the worst prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinicopathological and cytological characteristics of BL breast cancer (BLBC). Fine‐needle aspiration cytology samples from 17 patients with consecutive BLBC were investigated, and the findings were compared with those of other subtypes (10 cases each) for the following cytomorphological features: necrosis; lymphocyte infiltration; mitotic index; apoptosis; naked nuclei; nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; nuclear margin, size and pleomorphism; chromatin granularity and density; and nucleolar appearance. Histologically, the BLBCs were heterogeneous, and included me...

Spontaneously Occurring micronuclei in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast: A potential biomarker for aggressive phenotype detection?

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, spontaneously occurring MN were counted in epithelial cells on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from 50 patients with benign and malignant breast lesions. Further, the ploidy status and S‐phase fraction (SPF) of the samples was determined by flow cytometry. All these were then correlated with grades of breast cancer at cytology. Most IDC cases showed variable number of MN (n = 16, MN mean = 9.3), in contrast to the benign lesions (n = 26) where they were consistently absent. Aneuploidy and SPF analysis also showed a significant difference between benign (n = 10, mean DNA index [DI] = 0.96 ± 0.04, mean SPF= 8.07% ± 2.93) and malignant (n = 10, mean DI = 1.5 ± 0.41, mean SPF = 25.05% ± 10.35) lesions. On statistical analysis, a positive correlation was obser...

Variation between hospitals in surgical margins after first breast-conserving surgery in the Netherlands

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 15:06:03 +0100

Abstract Surgical margin status after first breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is used as a quality indicator of breast cancer care in the Netherlands. The aim is to describe the variation in surgical margin status between hospitals. 7,345 patients with DCIS or invasive cancer (T1-2,N0-1,M0) diagnosed between July 1, 2008, and June 30, 2009, who underwent BCS as first surgery, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients were treated in 96 hospitals. Maximum target values were 30% ‘focally positive’ or ‘more than focally positive’ for DCIS and 10% ‘more than focally positive’ for invasive carcinoma. Results per hospital are presented in funnel plots. For invasive carcinoma, multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for case mix. Overall 2...

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Multidetector row helical computed tomography for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: Correlation between radiological findings and the corresponding biological characteristics of patients

Cancer Science — Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We examined the MDCT findings based on mass shape classified into well, moderate, poorly and scattered demarcated shapes, the enhancement pattern classified into homogenous, heterogeneous, rim and poor, and mass density classified into high, intermediate or low. We subsequently compared these radiological findings with the histological characteristics and clinical outcome. Poorly demarcated types were higher in ER+/HER2− (P = 0.008), while the well‐demarcated type was higher in ER−/HER2− and ER−/HER2+ (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010). Rim pattern was higher in ER−/HER2− (P < 0.001). Intermediate or low density was higher in ER−/HER2− (P < 0.001, respectively). Further analysis based on histological grade, mitotic counts and lymphovascular invasion d...

Coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ independently predicts lower tumor aggressiveness in node-positive luminal breast cancer

Medical Oncology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 16:00:29 +0100

Abstract Primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma coexisting with ductal carcinoma in situ (IDC-DCIS) is characterized by lower proliferation rate and metastatic propensity than size-matched pure IDC. IDC-DCIS is also more often ER-positive, PR-positive and/or HER2-positive. This analysis aims to clarify whether the presence of coexisting DCIS in IDC affects tumor aggressiveness in various biological subtypes of breast cancer, respectively. Tumor data obtained from 1,355 consecutive female patients undergoing upfront surgery for primary breast cancer were analyzed retrospectively; 196 patients with pure DCIS were excluded. Based on evidence that immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides a reasonable approximation of molecular phenotypes, the tumor samples were divided into 4 gro...

Prospective Evaluation of the Nipple–Areola Complex Sparing Mastectomy for Risk Reduction and for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 05:45:15 +0100

Conclusions NSM is technically feasible in select patients, with a low risk for NAC removal resulting from necrosis or intraoperative detection of cancer, and preserves sensation and QOL. Thorough pathologic assessment of the NAC base is critical to ensure disease eradication. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyPages 1-8DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2099-zAuthors Jamie L. Wagner, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USARegina Fearmonti, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, USAKelly K. Hunt, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USARosa F. Hwang, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,...

Palpable ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

International Journal of Surgery — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 22:52:31 +0100

The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics of patients presenting with palpable pure Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (pDCIS). (Source: International Journal of Surgery)

Ileal metastasis of breast cancer in a patient with a BRCA2 gene mutation: Report of a case

Surgery Today — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:59:12 +0100

This report presents a patient diagnosed with breast carcinoma metastasis in the terminal ileum. The patient underwent breast-conserving surgery on both breasts because of breast cancer at the age of 46 years. Both breast cancers were consistent with stage I invasive ductal carcinomas. Colonoscopy during an investigation for hematochezia revealed a 2-cm ulceration in the terminal ileum 22 months later, and microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen of the ulceration revealed a poorly differentiated mass that was strongly suggestive of metastatic adenocarcinoma with endolymphatic tumor emboli. She underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic ileocecectomy because of ileal metastasis. She had a family history of breast cancer (sister) and colon cancer (brother). She exhibited HER2/neu discor...

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Leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas: Report of a case

Surgery Today — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:59:01 +0100

Abstract Leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm, with only 34 reported cases in the literature. We encountered a rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the pancreas, treated successfully by surgery. A 41-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for further examinations of a pancreatic tumor. Imaging studies demonstrated a solid and lobular mass, about 4 cm in diameter, in the body of pancreas. This mass had a nonuniform content and was encapsulated. We performed distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for an assumed diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Macroscopically, a sagittal section of the operative specimen showed a well-circumscribed yellowish-white mass without any cystic changes. Immunohistological examination revealed that α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, a...

MRI findings of cancers preoperatively diagnosed as pure DCIS at core needle biopsy.

Acta Radiologica — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionEnhanced MRI provided informative morphology and size features that might help to predict the underestimation of invasiveness in preoperative biopsy-proven DCIS. PMID: 21969708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Radiologica)

A Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus env-Like Exogenous Sequence Is Strictly Related to Progression of Human Sporadic Breast Carcinoma.

The American Journal of Pathology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mazzanti CM, Al Hamad M, Fanelli G, Scatena C, Zammarchi F, Zavaglia K, Lessi F, Pistello M, Naccarato AG, Bevilacqua G Abstract A viral etiology of human breast cancer (HBC) has been postulated for decades since the identification of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). The detection of MMTV env-like exogenous sequences (MMTVels) in 30% to 40% of invasive HBCs increased attention to this hypothesis. Looking for MMTVels during cancer progression may contribute to a better understanding of their role in HBC. Herein, we analyzed HBC preinvasive lesions for the presence of MMTVels. Samples were obtained by laser microdissection of FFPE tissues: 20 usual-type ductal hyperplasias, 22 atypical ductal hyperplasias (ADHs), 49 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCISs), 20 infiltrating ductal ...

Multidetector row helical computed tomography for invasive ductal carcinoma of breast: The correlation between radiological findings and the corresponding biological characteristic of the patients

Cancer Science — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We examined the MDCT findings based on mass shape classified into well, moderate, poorly and scattered demarcated shapes, enhancement pattern classified into homogenous, heterogeneous, rim and poor, and mass density classified into high, intermediate or low. We subsequently compared these radiological findings with the histological characteristics and clinical outcome. Poorly demarcated types were higher in ER+/HER2‐ (P=0.008), while well‐demarcated type was higher in ER‐/HER2‐ and ER‐/HER2+ (P<0.001 and P=0.010). Rim pattern was higher in ER‐/HER2‐ (P<0.001). Intermediate or low density was higher in ER‐/HER2‐ (P<0.001, respectively). Further analysis based on histological grade, mitotic counts and lymphovascular invasion demonstrated that well demarcated shape ...

Improving breast cancer care through a regional quality collaborative

Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We present initial results from our analysis of institutional variation in surgical and core needle biopsy use within a regional breast cancer quality collaborative.Methods: Established in 2006, the Michigan Breast Oncology Quality Initiative (MiBOQI) consists of 18 hospitals collecting data on breast cancer care using the National Comprehensive Cancer Centers Network (NCCN) Oncology Outcomes Database Project platform to analyze and compare breast cancer practices and outcomes amongst member institutions. Institutional review board approval is obtained at each site. Data are submitted electronically to the NCCN and analyzed for concordance with practice guidelines. Aggregate and blinded data are shared with project directors and institutions at collaborative meetings, and ongoing practice ...

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Sampling of secondary margins decreases the need for re-excision after partial mastectomy

Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background: We analyzed factors that influenced the need for re-excision after partial mastectomy.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 470 breast cancer patients treated with partial mastectomy with main outcome measures of re-excision, conversion to mastectomy, and recurrence.Results: Of 470 patients, 146 (31%) underwent re-excision for inadequate margins and 42 (8.9%) required mastectomy. Twelve (2.6%) patients had local recurrence of disease with a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. Factors found on multivariate analysis increasing the likelihood of re-excision include wire localization (2.4-fold), tumor or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) close to the margins ( (Source: Surgery)

[Primary systemic therapy in breast cancer patients (2007-2010)].

Magyar Sebeszet — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: NA therapy was effective primarily in decreasing tumour size; however, it was less effective on axillary lymph node metastases. Due to the presence of residual DCIS component, the volume of resection could not have been decreased as much as down-staging of the invasive cancer have permitted. PMID: 21997525 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Magyar Sebeszet)

Abnormal expression of Nek2 and β‐catenin in breast carcinoma: clinicopathological correlations

Histopathology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study suggests that abnormal expression of Nek2 and β‐catenin might be one of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, especially of abnormal tumour proliferation. They may represent new potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (Source: Histopathology)

Massive myoepithelial proliferation (myoepitheliosis) with lumpy deposits of basement membrane material closely associated with apocrine adenosis and ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Pathology International — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 17:59:05 +0100

(Source: Pathology International)

The Incidence and Predictor of Lymph Node Metastasis for Patients with T1mi Breast Cancer Who Underwent Axillary Dissection and Breast Irradiation: An Institutional Analysis

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions A significant rate of axillary metastases occurred in the patients with T1mi breast carcinoma in this study. The comedo subtype of ductal carcinoma in situ, a high histologic grade, the presence of necrosis and the Van Nuys group 3 were significant predictors of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with T1mi breast cancer. Thus, the patients with T1mi breast disease are indicated to a careful evaluation of axillary lymph node metastasis, if they have the earlier-mentioned unfavorable factors. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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Comparison of the effects of genetic and environmental risk factors on IN SITU and invasive ductal breast cancer

International Journal of Cancer — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractLittle is known about the aetiology of in situ ductal breast cancer (DCIS) or what influences its possible progression to invasive ductal disease. Comparison of risk factors for DCIS and invasive ductal cancer may throw some light on these issues. We estimated relative risks for DCIS and invasive ductal breast cancer according to 12 genetic and 8 environmental risk factors among 1.1 million postmenopausal women in a large prospective UK study. There was no strong evidence of a different association with DCIS versus invasive ductal cancer for any of the 12 susceptibility loci examined. We also found similar associations of age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, age at menopause, family history of breast cancer and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with DCIS and invasive...

ABCG2 is associated with HER-2 Expression, Lymph node metastasis and Clinical stage in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Diagnostic Pathology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: ABCG2 correlated with Her-2 expression, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in breast invasive ductal carcinoma. It could be a novel potential bio-marker which can predict biological behavior, clinical progression, prognosis and chemotherapy effectiveness. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Unusual malignant breast lesions: imaging-pathological correlations.

Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology : The Turkish Society of Radiology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study also includes unusual ultrasonographic appearances of a plasmacytoma. PMID: 21948695 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology : The Turkish Society of Radiology)

Coexistence of pregnancy-like and cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia with invasive lobular carcinoma.

Onkologie — Sat, 24 Sep 2011 10:36:06 +0100

Conclusions: The present case documents the previously unreported coexistence of PLH/CHH accompanied by multifocal lobular carcinoma. Extensive examination, including an excisional biopsy, is prudent if a needle core biopsy reveals a PLH/CHH lesion. PMID: 21934345 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)

Membrane connectivity estimated by digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry is concordant with visual scoring and fluorescence in situ hybridization results: algorithm evaluation on breast cancer tissue microarrays

Diagnostic Pathology — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion HER2 IHC digital image analysis based on membrane connectivity estimate was in almost perfect agreement with the visual evaluation of the pathologist and more accurate in detection of HER2 FISH-positive patients. Most immediate benefit of integrating the DA algorithm into the routine pathology HER2 testing may be obtained by alerting/reassuring pathologists of potentially misinterpreted IHC 0/1+ versus 2+ cases. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

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Wanda Sykes Takes Her Breast Cancer Seriously

About.com Breast Cancer — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Wanda Sykes Photo © Getty Images/Frederick M. Brown Outspoken comedian Wanda Sykes busted out of the breast cancer closet during an interview with Ellen DeGeneres. Sykes said that her diagnosis of DCIS - ductal carcinoma in situ - was discovered during breast reduction surgery that she had in February of this year. Sykes said that her natural breasts were "real big," and had been causing back pain. Her original intention had been to lighten her burden, but that plan had not included total removal of both breasts. When routine pathology tests were done on the tissue removed during breast reduction surgery...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Breast Cancer)

Is There a Low-Grade Precursor Pathway in Breast Cancer?

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 05:54:13 +0100

Conclusions These data do not support a low-grade precursor pathway characterized by LCIS and LG-DCIS. ER/PR and HER2 status have a high rate of concordance between in situ and subsequent invasive lesions. Additional studies of metachronous in situ and invasive lesions are needed to better understand pathways of breast tumorigenesis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Breast OncologyPages 1-7DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-2053-0Authors Tari A. King, Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USARita A. Sakr, Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USAShirin Muhsen, Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USAVictor P. Andrade, Brea...

Coexistence of breast cancer and tuberculosis in axillary lymph nodes: a case report and literature review

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 05:50:38 +0100

Abstract Coexistence of breast cancer and tuberculosis (TB) of the breast and/or axillary lymph nodes is uncommon. In this article, we present a case of tuberculous axillary lymphadenitis existing simultaneously with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. We also conducted an extensive literature review of English language studies published on the coexistence of breast cancer and TB of the breast and/or axillary lymph nodes from 1899 to 2011 using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Twenty-nine cases of coexisting breast cancer and TB of the breast and/or axillary lymph nodes have been published to date, including a 74-year-old female diagnosed with left breast cancer and TB of the axillary lymph nodes. A tumor in the right breast was detected in 14 patients an...

Radial scar without associated atypical epithelial proliferation on image-guided 14-gauge needle core biopsy: Analysis of 49 cases from a single-centre and review of the literature.

Breast — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bianchi S, Giannotti E, Vanzi E, Marziali M, Abdulcadir D, Boeri C, Livi L, Orzalesi L, Sanchez LJ, Susini T, Vezzosi V, Nori J Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of image-guided 14-gauge needle core biopsy in the diagnosis of radial scar without associated atypical epithelial proliferation, by comparison with definitive histological diagnosis on surgical excision. The records of 8792 consecutive image-guided 14-gauge needle core biopsy of the breast performed from January 1996 to December 2009 were reviewed. Forty-nine cases of radial scar without associated atypical epithelial proliferation were identified and compared with definitive histological diagnosis on surgical excision. The definitive histological diagnosis on surgical excision co...