MedWorm: Dysgerminoma

Bilateral dysgerminoma in a patient with a previous diagnosis of Swyer syndrome

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractA 16‐year‐old girl was referred to our center by her general physician because of primary amenorrhea. Her family history revealed an older sister with Swyer syndrome and gonadectomy at another institution. After thorough evaluation she received the same diagnosis, but unlike her sister, she refused gonadectomy. Four years later she presented with abdominal discomfort and a complex pelvic mass. She underwent exploratory laparotomy and histological examination revealed bilateral dysgerminoma without capsular invasion. The tumor was classified as stage IB. After surgery she underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with three cycles of BEP (bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin). The present case emphasizes the importance of familial screening with a karyotype study in pure gonadal dysg...

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Fine needle aspiration cytology of Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors of ovary masquerading as dysgerminoma

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractHerein, we described a case of a 29‐year‐old female with a large ovarian mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the mass showed discrete round to oval cells in a fatty vacuolated background. FNAC diagnosis of dysgerminoma was suggested. The histology of the tumors showed features of poorly differentiated Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors. We discussed the diagnostic pitfalls of this case on FNAC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Diagnostic Cytopathology)

Surgical intervention strategies for pediatric ovarian tumors: experience with 60 cases at one institution

Pediatric Surgery International — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 18:00:12 +0100

Conclusions The majority of pediatric ovarian tumors were benign disease, and the patients with malignant lesions had a good prognosis. In neonatal cases, an umbilical crease incision approach is feasible and provides excellent cosmesis. We recommend tumor resection with ovarian preservation through a minimally invasive approach (modified Rocky Davis incision) as the first line treatment for older pediatric patients with ovarian tumors other than those preoperatively diagnosed as malignant. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00383-011-3004-3Authors Tatsuro Tajiri, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 JapanRyota Souzaki, Departmen...

Residual tumor after the salvage surgery is the major risk factors for primary treatment failure in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: A retrospective study of single institution.

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Most malignant ovarian germ cell tumors have excellent prognoses with primary treatment, and good reproductive outcomes can be expected. Because primary treatment failure is associated with the residual disease after the salvage surgery, knowledge of the presence or absence of this risk factor may be helpful in risk stratification and individualization of adjuvant therapy in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Further large-scale prospective studies to confirm these results should be performed. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Dysgerminoma in the uterine cervix

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In December 2006, a 24-year-old married woman presented to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, with a 1-month history of abdominal pain. Examination revealed an abdominopelvic mass; ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) showed a solid cystic tumor originating from the right ovary and measuring 8×8cm. The level of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) was 31.5 U/mL; the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 2189 U/L; the level of α-fetoprotein was 2.5ng/mL; the level of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was less than 1.2 U/mL. Laparoscopy revealed a right ovarian solid cystic tumor measuring 6×8cm. There was a 1-cm deposit on the surface of the left ovary. Right ovarian cystectomy was performed, together with left ovarian biopsy and omentectomy (the patient did ...

Dysgerminoma in a case of 46,XY Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome): A Case Report

Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Simple 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis syndrome, also called Swyer syndrome, is known as pure gonadal dysgenesis. Individuals with the syndrome are characterized by 46, XY karyotype and phenotypically female with female genital appearance, normal Mullerian structures and absent testicular tissue. The condition usually first becomes apparent in adolescence with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea due to the gonads have no hormonal or reproductive potential. Herein, we report a case of dysgerminoma diagnosed in a dysgenetic gonad of a 21-year-old patient with Swyer syndrome. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

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RNA‐binding protein LIN28 is a sensitive marker of ovarian primitive germ cell tumours

Histopathology — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: LIN28 is a sensitive marker for gonadoblastomas, dysgerminomas, ECs, and YSTs. LIN28 can be used to distinguish them from non‐GCTs. (Source: Histopathology)

Ovarian gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a 15-year-old girl with 46, XX karyotype: case report and review of the literature

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:59:21 +0100

Conclusion Differential diagnosis of perimenarcheal vaginal bleeding may be challenging for the clinician. Rare causes such as pregnancy both intrauterine and extrauterine and hormone producing tumors should be kept in mind. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-2073-9Authors Sertac Esin, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Hospital, 42. Cadde, 18/9 Cukurambar, Ankara, TurkeyEralp Baser, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Hospital, 42. Cadde, 18/9 Cukurambar, Ankara, TurkeyTuncay Kucukozkan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Hospital, 42. Cadde, 18/9 Cukurambar, Ankara, TurkeyHasim Ata Magd...

Ovarian cancer during pregnancy

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Tumor staging is possible during pregnancy, but the appropriateness of surgery needs to be considered carefully. Ideally, the treatment strategy should be discussed and structured on an individual basis. (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)

Insights on neoplastic stem cells from gel‐based proteomics of childhood germ cell tumors

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Differential regulation of FKBP4 and NF45, combined with previous research on immunosuppressant binding, suggests that glucocorticoid receptor signaling merits further investigation in cGCTs and NSCs. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Bone morphogenetic protein signalling activity distinguishes histological subsets of paediatric germ cell tumours

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryGerm cell tumours (GCTs) are cancers of the testis, ovary or extragonadal sites that occur in infants, children and adults. Testicular GCT is the most common cancer in young men aged 15–40 years. Abnormalities in developmental signalling pathways such as wnt/β‐catenin, TGF‐β/BMP and Hedgehog have been described in many childhood tumours. To date, however, the status of BMP signalling in GCTs has not been described. Herein, we examine BMP‐SMAD signalling in a set of clinically‐annotated paediatric GCTs. We find that BMP signalling activity is absent in undifferentiated tumours such as seminomas and dysgerminomas, but robustly present in most yolk sac tumours, a differentiated tumour type. Gene expression profiling of TGF‐β/BMP pathway genes in germinomas and yolk sac...

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Bone morphogenetic protein signalling activity distinguishes histological subsets of paediatric germ cell tumours.

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fustino N, Rakheja D, Ateek CS, Neumann JC, Amatruda JF Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are cancers of the testis, ovary or extragonadal sites that occur in infants, children and adults. Testicular GCT is the most common cancer in young men aged 15-40 years. Abnormalities in developmental signalling pathways such as wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/BMP and Hedgehog have been described in many childhood tumours. To date, however, the status of BMP signalling in GCTs has not been described. Herein, we examine BMP-SMAD signalling in a set of clinically-annotated paediatric GCTs. We find that BMP signalling activity is absent in undifferentiated tumours such as seminomas and dysgerminomas, but robustly present in most yolk sac tumours, a differentiated tumour type. Gene expression profiling of T...

Identification of novel SRY mutations and SF1 (NR5A1) changes in patients with pure gonadal dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype

Molecular Human Reproduction — Tue, 17 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Primary amenorrhea due to 46,XY disorders of sexual development (DSD) is complex with the involvement of several genes. Karyotyping of such patients is important as they may develop dysgerminoma and molecular analysis is important to identify the underlying mechanism and explore the cascade of events occurring during sexual development. The present study was undertaken for the genetic analysis in seven patients from five families presenting with primary amenorrhea and diagnosed with pure gonadal dysgenesis. Karyotyping was done and the patients were screened for underlying changes in SRY, desert hedgehog (DHH), DAX1 (NR0B1) and SF1 (NR5A1) genes, mutations in which are implicated in DSD. All the patients had 46,XY karyotype and two novel SRY mutations were found. In Family 1 (Patient S1.1)...

Dysgerminoma and gonadal dysgenesis: The need for a new diagnosis tree for suspected ovarian tumours

Journal of Pediatric Urology — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In the case of a suspected ovarian tumour, delayed pubertal development, moderate βHCG level and elevated FSH level are clinical and biological clues to a diagnosis of dysgerminoma in the context of PGD and should prompt karyotype analysis before surgery. Because FSH is an efficient indirect marker of this condition, we suggest including this analysis in the management of gonadal tumours. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Urology)

Ovarian gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a woman with 46XX karyotype

Pathology International — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Pathology International)

Imaging of gynecological disease: clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian dysgerminoma

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe ultrasound finding of a highly vascularized, large, solid, lobulated adnexal mass with irregular internal echogenicity in a woman 20‐30 years old should raise a suspicion of ovarian dysgerminoma. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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Imaging of gynecological disease: clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian dysgerminoma.

The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The ultrasound finding of a highly vascularized, large, solid, lobulated adnexal mass with irregular internal echogenicity in a woman 20-30 years old should raise a suspicion of ovarian dysgerminoma. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 21305635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Imaging of gynecological disease (6): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian dysgerminoma

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

ConclusionThe ultrasound finding of a highly vascularized, large, solid, lobulated adnexal mass with irregular internal echogenicity in a woman 20–30 years old should raise the suspicion of ovarian dysgerminoma. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Primary retroperitoneal dysgerminoma presenting as an adrenal tumor: A case report and literature review

Pathology International — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report an undescribed case of primary retroperitoneal dysgerminoma presenting as an adrenal tumor in a 17‐year‐old girl. Surgery was performed on a 10 × 9.5 cm sized adrenal gland tumor and the resected tumor showed unequivocal histological features of dysgerminoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by the tumor's germ cell immunophenotype. Postoperative ultrasonography, CT and PET over a 6‐month period revealed no evidence of ovarian lesion. The patient is stable, but with a suspicious residual tumor after adjuvant chemotherapy. (Source: Pathology International)

Survival and reproductive outcomes in women treated for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival was 100% among patients with both local and advanced MOGCTs, including those who underwent fertility-sparing surgery. Fertility-sparing surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to have little or no effect on fertility or menstrual cycles. PMID: 21256579 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Excision of extensive metastatic dysgerminoma to control refractory hypercalcaemia in a child at high risk for tumour-lysis syndrome

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We present a child with refractory hypercalcaemia, bulky chemosensitive metastatic tumours and acute renal failure in whom chemotherapy posed high-risk of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS). Resection of the metastatic tumours successfully normalised the hypercalcaemia and represents a practical alternative control strategy in cases at high risk of TLS. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

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KIT gene mutation and amplification in dysgerminoma of the ovary

Cancer — Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:KIT mutations occur in approximately one‐third of cases of dysgerminomas and are associated with advanced stage at presentation. KIT is a potential therapeutic target for those dysgerminomas that have the mutation. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Malignant germ cell tumors associated with Swyer syndrome

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We present a case of 14‐year‐old female with 46, XY karyotype with choriocarcinoma in one gonad and dysgerminoma in the second one. Pediatr Blood Cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Analysis of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in childhood and adolescent germ cell tumors

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsMethylation of APC and LOH 5q21‐22 in YSTs and teratomas provide evidence for involvement of APC in the accumulation of β‐catenin and activation of the WNT pathway. Our additional analyses suggest that APC is unlikely to be solely responsible for the formation and progression of childhood GCTs. Pediatr Blood Cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

[High-level HCG in non-gravidic situations: About two cases.]

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Tue, 12 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schmitt C, Lamblin G, Buenerd A, Mellier G Ovarian dysgerminoma is the most common germinal tumor in women; however, a lot of different symptoms can lead to its diagnosis. In the two cases reported here, misdiagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was first done because of inappropriate secretion of HCG by the tumor. These two cases point out the particularity of dysgerminoma with its various secretion capacity. Conversely, facing a raised level of HCG in non-gravidic situation, physicians have to consider different gynaecological and extragynaecological hypothesis. PMID: 20950964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction)

Malignant Mixed Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor with Embryonal Component

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology — Tue, 28 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Malignant germ cell tumors frequently affect adolescent women of reproductive age. Management of these tumors requires consideration of fertility sparing surgical techniques and chemotherapy management. Using these techniques, the vast majority of patients will maintain their ovarian function and the ability to bear children after their recovery. (Source: Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology)

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Gonadal dysgenesis and gynecologic cancer.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 19:45:19 +0100

CONCLUSION:: Once the diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis is made, prophylactic gonadectomy should be performed owing to the probability of malignant transformation. These patients illustrate the potential different presentations with gonadal dysgenesis and the importance of complete evaluation of patients with primary amenorrhea. PMID: 20664451 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

The chromosome Y-linked testis-specific protein locus TSPY1 is characteristically present in gonadoblastoma

Human Pathology — Sun, 25 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Summary: Gonadoblastoma is a rare gonadal neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in individuals who are phenotypically females. Most cases develop in women who have an abnormal karyotype in which at least a portion of the centromeric region of the short arm of chromosome Y is present, a region often referred to as the GBY locus. Of the several genes present in the GBY locus, the TSPY1 gene (which encodes testis-specific protein, a protein thought to have a role in cell cycle regulation) appears to be the most likely to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of gonadoblastoma. To evaluate the association of TSPY1 with the tumor, we developed an interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization assay that uses probes that target the region of the GBY locus that contains TSPY1 and a commerciall...

Gonadoblastoma: an unusual ovarian tumor

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Fri, 16 Jul 2010 06:25:14 +0100

In this study, we reviewed 3 gonadoblastoma cases, 2 of which were bilateral, in patients 21, 17, and 18 years of age. Two of them presented 46 XY karyotype and gonadal dysgenesis, whereas the third presented 46 XX karyotype. Besides, 2 of the cases were associated to dysgerminomas. In all the cases, the histologic examination showed germ cell proliferation and sex cords derivatives frequently surrounding small round deposits containing amorphous hyaline material resembling Call-Exner bodies. One of the patients died at 8 years from diagnosis because of dysgerminoma multiple metastases, one is alive with no evidence of disease at the second year of follow-up, and the evolution of the third patient remains unknown. (Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology)

Atypical presentation and management dilemma of mixed gonadal dysgenesis

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 15 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Mixed gonadal dysgenesis involves inherent malignancy risk and complex psychosocial issues, which necessitate a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Management of non-gestational ovarian choriocarcinoma: laparoscopy can be essential. Report of two cases

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Sun, 06 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

We describe two cases of non-gestational choriocarcinoma mimicking ectopic pregnancy with laparoscopic management. A 26-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 1) presented with pelvic pain and metrorrhagia. Transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated an empty uterus and a homogeneous left adnexal mass. The β-HCG level was 1183IU/l. The diagnosis of an ovarian ectopic pregnancy was considered and she underwent laparoscopy with intraoperative findings of no ectopic pregnancy and the presence of a left ovarian cyst (A and B). An intraperitoneal cystectomy was performed in accordance with oncology rules to eliminate a germinal tumor. On postoperative day one, β-HCG levels fell to 493IU/l and other tumor markers were normal. Pathological examination showed a malignant germ cell tumor, so she underwent sec...

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Coexistence of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma in a dysgenetic gonad on touch preparation: A case report

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Wed, 05 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Swyer syndrome is known as pure gonadal dysgenesis. Individuals with Swyer syndrome are phenotypically female with unambiguously female genital appearance at birth, and normal Mullerian structures. The condition usually first becomes apparent in adolescence with delayed puberty and amenorrhea due to the fact that the gonads have no hormonal or reproductive potential. These individuals are characterized by 46XY karyotype, primary amenorrhea, tall stature, female external genitalia and normal but hypoestrogenised vagina and cervix. A high incidence of gonadoblastoma and germ cell malignancies has been reported in dysgenetic gonads, and therefore, the current practice is to proceed to a gonadectomy once the diagnosis is made. Herein, we report a case of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma diagnos...

Solid ovarian tumours in childhood: a 35-year review in a single institution

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Thu, 29 Apr 2010 21:02:55 +0100

Conclusions Although rare, ovarian tumours must be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in childhood. Our results confirm their excellent prognosis using conservative surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. The key point is to maintain excellent outcome while reducing associated morbidity and preserving fertility. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticlesDOI 10.1007/s12094-010-0505-9Authors María del Mar Andrés, Hospital Universitario Infantil La Fe Paediatric Oncology Unit Avenida de Campanar, 21 ES-46009 Valencia SpainElisa Costa, Hospital Infantil La Fe Department of Paediatric Surgery Valencia SpainAdela Cañete, Hospital Universitario Infantil La Fe Paediatric Oncology Unit Avenida de Campanar, 21 ES-46009 Valencia SpainLucas...

Recurrence of a dysgerminoma in Frasier syndrome

Pediatric Transplantation — Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

We report on a patient followed for FS revealed by acute peritoneal syndrome because of ovarian dysgerminoma. Therapeutic options had led to an unusual course with recurrent neoplastic disease after renal transplantation. (Source: Pediatric Transplantation)

Gonadal tumours and DSD

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Disorders of sex development (DSD), previously referred to as intersex, has been recognised as one of the main risk factors for development of type II germ cell tumours (GCTs), that is, seminomas/dysgerminomas and non-seminomas (e.g., embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumour, choriocarcinoma and teratoma). Within the testis, this type of cancer is the most frequent malignancy in adolescent and young adult Caucasian males. Although these males are not known to have dysgenetic gonads, the similarities in the resulting tumours suggest a common aetiological mechanism(s), –genetically, environmentally or a combination of both. Within the group of DSD patients, being in fact congenital conditions, the risk of malignant transformation of germ cells is highly heterogeneous, depending on a number of ...

Bilateral gonadoblastomas with unilateral dysgerminoma in a case of 46 XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome).

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fernandes GC, Sathe PA, Naik LP, Kane SV PMID: 20551568 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology)

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Left ovarian gonadoblastoma with yolk sac tumor in a young woman.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gelincik I, Ozen S, Bayram I Gonodoblastomas with ovarian germ cell tumors other than dysgerminoma coexists very rarely with yolk sac tumor (YST). Because of this rarity, we report a case of gonadoblastoma with YST. An 18-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with an abdomino-pelvic mass. Ultrasonographical examinations revealed a 15X14 cm heterogenous pelvic mass with calcific foci in the left adnexal area. Macroscopically, the resected mass was oval and measured 18X15X15 cm and weighed 3150 gm. Histological examination showed both gonadoblastic and YST areas. There were many gonadoblastic nests in the subcapsular areas of the tumor. The gonadoblastic nests were composed of large and small cells. The YST areas showed enteric differentiation and numerous hyaline...

46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis: Clinical presentations and management of the tumor risk

Journal of Pediatric Urology — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A gonadal tumor arising in a girl with pubertal delay may be related to dysgenesis of the gonad. Primary amenorrhea or diagnosis of dysgerminoma should warrant karyotype, and familial study if 46,XY PGD is found. Considering the high incidence of gonadoblastoma and the early occurrence of dysgerminoma, early bilateral gonadectomy is recommended. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Urology)

Pure dysgerminoma of the ovary 35 years on: A single institutional experience.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The long-term outcome of patients with pure ovarian dysgerminoma is excellent. Recurrences occur within 2 years of diagnosis and are treatable. Patients can be treated with fertility-sparing surgery and can expect good reproductive outcomes. PMID: 20097412 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Pediatric ovarian malignancy presenting as ovarian torsion: incidence and relevance

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 15:18:28 +0100

Conclusion: By combining our series with 13 in the literature, a 1.8% malignancy rate occurred in 707 patients with ovarian torsion, markedly less than the reported malignancy rate of 10% in children with ovarian masses. Thus, neither a pathologic nor malignant lead point should be assumed in cases of torsion. In our series, which represents the largest series of torsion in the pediatric literature, all malignancies presented as stage I. These data further support the implementation of operative detorsion and close postoperative ovarian surveillance, with reoperation for persistent masses. Further study is needed to determine if delaying resection by weeks in those cases of persistent masses would result in tumor progression and thus change prognosis. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

The histology and management of ovarian cysts found in children and adolescents presenting to a children's hospital from 1991 to 2007: a call for more paediatric gynaecologists.

BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Sat, 19 Dec 2009 01:38:37 +0100

Conclusions We recommend the greater use of imaging of the pelvis and tumour markers preoperatively. There should be greater use of conservative expectant management or ovarian-sparing surgery in view of the low risk of malignancy in this age group. The practice of removing ovaries for benign cysts may be overcome by appointing more gynaecologists with advanced training skills training in paediatric and adolescent gynaecology. PMID: 20002396 [PubMed - in process] (Source: BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

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Y chromosome in Turner syndrome: review of the literature.

Sao Paulo Medical Journal — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, mosaicism of both the X and the Y chromosome is a common finding in TS, and detection of Y-chromosome-specific sequences in patients, regardless of their karyotype, is necessary in order to prevent the development of gonadal lesions. PMID: 20512293 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Sao Paulo Medical Journal)

Nodular lung schistosomiais lesions after chemotherapy for dysgerminoma.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Sat, 29 Aug 2009 07:43:04 +0100

We report an unusual case of pulmonary schistosomiasis in a traveler to Mali that was diagnosed 16 months after primary infection, one month after she finished chemotherapy for a malignant tumor. Serologic analysis showed marked eosinophilia. Our case emphasizes the need to detect parasitic infections in cancer patients with unexplained eosinophilia, particularly in immigrants and travelers to tropical countries. PMID: 19706907 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)

Bilateral gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma and pilocytic astrocytoma with WT1 GT-IVS9 mutation: A 46 XY phenotypic female with Frasier syndrome

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 03 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We present the clinical, radiological, and genetic (WT1 mutation analysis) of a 46 XY phenotypic female with Frasier syndrome with bilateral gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma who developed pilocytic astrocytoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

The tumor suppressor gene TRC8/RNF139 is disrupted by a constitutional balanced translocation t(8;22)(q24.13;q11.21) in a young girl with dysgerminoma

Molecular Cancer — Wed, 29 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: A role for TRC8 in dysgerminoma may relate to its interaction with Translin. We propose a model in which one copy of TRC8 is disrupted by a palindrome-mediated translocation followed by complete loss of expression through suppression, possibly mediated by miRNA. (Source: Molecular Cancer)

Commentary to “Precocious puberty in a 7-year-old boy: A novel case”

Journal of Pediatric Urology — Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The authors present an unusual case of precocious puberty secondary to an unclassified type of mixed germ cell tumor. The tumor differs from a ‘classic’ MGST in that only the germ cells have a high proliferative index. More importantly, the tumor differs from classic forms in that it is the apparent cause of virilization. To date, there are no reported cases of MGST and virilization in the absence of Leydig cell hyperplasia. The authors clearly state that Leydig cell hyperplasia was absent; however they give no explanation for the elevation in testosterone. Possible clues to this problem can be found in women with gonadoblastoma/dysgerminomas, where elevation of sex steroid is seen in the absence of theca or Leydig cell elements. Interestingly, the germ cell elements in the present cas...

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SALL4 is a novel sensitive and specific marker for metastatic germ cell tumors, with particular utility in detection of metastatic yolk sac tumors

Cancer — Mon, 13 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The correct diagnosis of metastatic germ cell tumors is critical, because these tumors can be effectively treated and are even cured with modern therapy. Their histopathologic diagnosis can be challenging without immunohistochemical markers, which currently have limitations. SALL4 is a novel stem cell marker essential to maintain pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. In the current study, the authors investigated the utility of SALL4 as a potential diagnostic marker for metastatic germ cell tumors.Ninety metastatic germ cell tumors from testis, ovary, and extragonadal sites were stained with a monoclonal SALL4 antibody. In addition, 170 metastatic nongerm cell malignancies, including 158 carcinomas (6 head and neck, 8 thyroid, 12 lung, 8 breast, 7 hepatocellular, 3 cholang...

Treatment of clitoromegaly of culturally diverse patients

Journal of Pediatric Urology — Mon, 23 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Regardless of cultural background patients are affected by clitoromegaly. This is demonstrated in these cases by the reported feelings of discomfort, distress, and sexual inactivity due to embarrassment. The long-term significance of clitoromegaly and the value of clitoroplasty for young patients with disorders of sexual differentiation remain controversial. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Urology)

Surgical resection of a dysgerminoma in a mare.

Australian Veterinary Journal — Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Harland S, Smith C, Mogg T, Horadagoda N, Dart A A mare was referred for further evaluation of a mass found in the left caudal abdomen during a routine postpartum reproductive palpation. The mare was clinically normal with no history of health problems. Ultrasonographic examination of the mass confirmed its presence, but the origin of the mass could not be accurately determined. Routine haematology and serum biochemistry results were within normal limits. The mare was initially treated conservatively with antibiotics, but the mass continued to increase in size, so it was surgically excised. The mass involved the left ovary. The mare showed transient abdominal pain after surgery, but developed no other complications and was in foal 7 months later. On histology, the mass was dia...

The microenvironment of germ cell tumors harbors a prominent antigen-driven humoral response.

Journal of Immunology — Tue, 24 Feb 2009 18:36:02 +0100

Authors: Willis SN, Mallozzi SS, Rodig SJ, Cronk KM, McArdel SL, Caron T, Pinkus GS, Lovato L, Shampain KL, Anderson DE, Anderson RC, Bruce JN, O'Connor KC Germ cell tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms derived from residual primordial tissue. These tumors are commonly found in the brain, testes, or ovaries, where they are termed germinomas, seminomas, or dysgerminomas, respectively. Like several other tumor types, germ cell tumors often harbor an immune cell infiltrate that can include substantial numbers of B cells. Yet little is known about whether the humoral immune response affects germ cell tumor biology. To gain a deeper understanding of the role B cells play in this tumor family, we characterized the immune cell infiltrate of all three germ cell tumor subtypes and defi...

A novel SOX9 mutation, 972delC, causes 46,XY sex-reversed campomelic dysplasia with nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis, and dysgerminoma

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: An 8-year-old phenotypic female with campomelic dysplasia (CD) and 46,XY sex-reversal presented with renal colic. Medullary nephrocalcinosis, urolithiasis, and renal malrotation were diagnosed by computed tomographic scanning. Pelvic sonogram identified an enlarged left gonad. Genetic testing revealed a novel SOX9 heterozygous deletion of a cytosine at nucleotide 972 (972delC), causing a frameshift at codon 200, introducing a stop codon 18 codons further downstream (P200fsX218). At laparoscopic gonadectomy, a left dysgerminoma was removed. This first reported case of dysgerminoma in a sex-reversed patient with CD who also had urolithiasis stresses the importance of prophylactic gonadectomy and urologic evaluations in this susceptible population. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surg...

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CT characteristics of ovarian dysgerminoma

The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:48:22 +0100

Conclusion Ovarian dysgerminoma has its CT characteristics. Associated with clinic data, CT is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ovarian dysgerminoma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10330-008-0134-8Authors Xiaoping Yu, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital Department of Diagnostic Radiology Changsha 410013 China Journal The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical OncologyOnline ISSN 1613-9089Print ISSN 1610-1979 Journal Volume Volume 7 Journal Issue Volume 7, Number 12 / December, 2008 (Source: The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Pulmonary cysts in early childhood and the risk of malignancy

Pediatric Pulmonology — Sun, 07 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Surgery for congenital and early childhood lung cysts is often dictated by symptoms such as respiratory distress, infection or pneumothorax. Asymptomatic cysts present a therapeutic dilemma: surgical intervention and "conservative" observation have advocates. The risk of malignancy in such cysts is considered by some an indication for surgical intervention and is reviewed in this paper. Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most frequent malignancy associated with childhood lung cysts. Although rare, PPB occurs predictably in certain clinical and familial situations. This unique biology of PPB can inform the cyst management decision. The earliest manifestation of PPB is a malignant lung cyst in young children, clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from benign congenital lung cy...

Immunohistochemistry Diagnosis of an Ovarian Dysgerminoma in One Bitch

Reproduction in Domestic Animals — Tue, 04 Nov 2008 00:00:00 +0100

An ovarian enlargement (diameter, 8 cm) was identified and surgically excised from a 5-year-old female dog. Microscopic examination of the multinodular neoplasm revealed sheets of polygonal neoplastic cells with large nuclei, frequent mitosis, necrosis and haemorrhage. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and alkaline phosphatase but were negative for CD3, CD79a, cytokeratin, alpha-fetoprotein, inhibin-[alpha] and S-100. The histopathological diagnosis of the mass was unilateral ovarian dysgerminoma. (Source: Reproduction in Domestic Animals)

Immunohistochemistry Diagnosis of an Ovarian Dysgerminoma in One Bitch.

Reproduction in Domestic Animals — Mon, 03 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Park JK, Goo MJ, Hong IH, Ki MR, Han JY, Jeong KS Contents An ovarian enlargement (diameter, 8 cm) was identified and surgically excised from a 5-year-old female dog. Microscopic examination of the multinodular neoplasm revealed sheets of polygonal neoplastic cells with large nuclei, frequent mitosis, necrosis and haemorrhage. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and alkaline phosphatase but were negative for CD3, CD79a, cytokeratin, alpha-fetoprotein, inhibin-alpha and S-100. The histopathological diagnosis of the mass was unilateral ovarian dysgerminoma. PMID: 18992107 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Reproduction in Domestic Animals)

Management and outcomes of ovarian masses in children and adolescents.

The American Surgeon — Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Islam S, Yamout SZ, Gosche JR Ovarian masses in the pediatric age group are rare, and malignancies are even less common. We reviewed our large single-center experience to determine the rate of malignancy and discuss management. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of ovarian masses in children in our institution over a 10-year period. Demographic and tumor-specific data were reviewed and analyzed, and a Student's unpaired t test was used where appropriate. A total of 49 children and adolescents with ovarian masses were found. The mean age at presentation was 13.3 years. Eight masses were malignant (16%) with malignant teratoma, dysgerminoma, and germ cell tumors found. These patients responded to chemotherapy, but there were three recurrences noted that responded to further t...

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[Cerebral venous thrombosis in a chemotherapy patient with dysgerminoma.]

Anales de Pediatria — Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Latorre González G, López de Silanes de Miguel C, Escribano Gascón AB PMID: 19128751 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anales de Pediatria)

First Report of Ovarian Dysgerminoma in Cowden Syndrome with Germline PTEN Mutation and PTEN-related 10q Loss of Tumor Heterozygosity.

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology — Sat, 26 Jul 2008 08:54:14 +0100

Page: 1258DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31816be8b7Authors: Cho, Mee-Yon MD, PhD *; Kim, Hyun Soo MD, PhD +; Eng, Charis MD, PhD ++; Kim, Dae Sung MD, PhD [S]; Kang, Seong Joon MD, PhD [S]; Eom, Minseob MD *; Yi, Sang Yeop MD, PhD [//]; Bronner, Mary P. MD [P] (Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology)

The prevalence and prognostic impact of lymph node metastasis in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 19 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of lymph node metastasis varies according to histology in OGCT and is an independent predictor of poor survival in these patients. These findings highlight the value of lymphadenectomy and may be helpful in creating risk stratification models for individualization of adjuvant therapies. PMID: 18571705 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

The influence of conservative surgical practices for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

To evaluate demographics, survival, and surgical trends for patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.SEER data abstracted from 1988 to 2001 and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models.Of 760 patients, the median age was 23 years. Seventy-six percent of patients presented with stage I-II disease, and 24% with stage III-IV. Fifty-five percent were immature teratomas, 32% dysgerminomas, and 13% yolk sac tumors. Fertility-preserving surgery was performed in 41.2% (n = 313) of patients. In those (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization of 12p in germ cell tumors using a bacterial artificial chromosome clone 12p probe on paraffin-embedded tissue: clinical test validation.

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics — Wed, 28 May 2008 15:27:27 +0100

We describe an interphase FISH assay for detection of increased 12p copy number in germ cell tumors using a bacterial artificial chromosome-derived probe localized to 12p12.1 and a commercially available probe for the centromere of chromosome 12. Twenty-four paraffin-embedded blocks from 14 tumor cases (7 malignant mixed germ cell tumors, 2 dysgerminomas, 4 non-germ cell malignancies arising in germ cell tumors, and 1 mediastinal adenocarcinoma) and 18 normal controls were studied. Negative controls included normal lymph node, lung, and mediastinal tissue. The signals for 12p and 12cen were counted, and the ratio of the averaged signals was calculated; a ratio of 1.3 was considered positive. All germ cell tumors and non-germ cell malignancies arising in germ cell tumors were positive for 1...

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Germ cell tumors of the ovary.

Cancer Treatment Reviews — Sat, 29 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: MOGCTs are rare neoplasms that affect girls and young women and have excellent prognosis at all stages of disease with optimal therapy. The majority of MOGCTs patients retain their reproductive function. PMID: 18378402 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews)

Influence of Tumor Site and Histology on Long-Term Survival in 193 Children with Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Wed, 27 Feb 2008 09:37:00 +0100

Eur J Pediatr Surg 2008; 18: 1-6DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989399Abstract Although germ cell tumors (GCT) supposedly share the same cell type of origin, their clinical course differs considerably depending on tumor site and histology. The aim of this work was to study long-term survival stratified for tumor site and tumor histology. The medical records of 193 consecutive infants and children with extracranial GCT were studied. The GCT arose in the following anatomical sites: sacrococcygeal (n = 70), ovary (n = 66), testis (n = 20), retroperitoneum (n = 12), neck (n = 8), mediastinum (n = 7), and miscellaneous (n = 10). Histological analysis revealed 152 teratomas (mature: 115, immature: 37), 27 yolk sac tumors, 8 mixed tumors, 2 dysgerminomas, 2 gonadoblastomas, 1 choriocarcinoma and 1 embryonal ...

Participation of OCT3/4 and beta-catenin during dysgenetic gonadal malignant transformation.

Cancer Letters — Thu, 21 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Palma I, Peña RY, Contreras A, Ceballos-Reyes G, Coyote N, Eraña L, Kofman-Alfaro S, Queipo G Gonadoblastoma (GB) is an in situ tumor consisting of a heterogeneous population of mature and immature germ cells, other cells resembling immature Sertoli/granulosa cells, and Leydig/lutein-like cells, may also be present. GB almost exclusively affects a subset of patients with intersex disorders and in 30% of them overgrowth of the germinal component of the tumor is observed and the lesion is term dysgerminoma/seminoma. Several pathways have been proposed to explain the malignant process, and abnormal OCT3/4 expression is the most robust risk factor for malignant transformation. Some authors have suggested that OCT3/4 and beta-catenin might both be involved in the same onc...

[Swyer syndrome: A five-cases report.]

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Thu, 31 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The risk of gonadal neoplasia is high, dictating early prophylactic removal of these dysgenesic gonads. PMID: 18242875 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction)

Clinical analysis of 57 patients with ovarian dysgerminoma

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 03 Jan 2008 19:45:24 +0100

Conclusions The prognosis of ovarian dysgerminoma is closely related to the disease stage and treatment modality. A fertility-preserving operation can be considered in early -staged patients, but caution needs to be exercised in the middle to late staged cases. Good results can be achieved with an operation-based combined modality in recurrent patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlesDOI 10.1007/BF02782179Authors Yanfang Li, Sun Yat-sen University Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center 510060 Guangzhou ChinaMenda LP, Sun Yat-sen University Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center 510060 Guangzhou ChinaQiuliang WU, Sun Yat-sen University Department of Pathology, Cancer Center 510060 Guangzhou ChinaFuyuan Liu, Sun Yat-sen Unive...

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Y chromosomal sequences identified in gonadal tissue of two 45,X patients with turner syndrome

Endocrine Pathology — Thu, 08 Nov 2007 16:11:48 +0100

We examined excised gonadal tissue obtained from two 45,X patients for evidence of Y chromosomal material. Both patients had features atypical for individuals with Turner syndrome, a large dysgerminoma in patient 1 and clitoromegaly in patient 2. Southern blot analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA was performed for five Y chromosome-specific probes (SRY, ZFY, DYZ3, KALY, and DYZ1). Fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH) with a combination probe specific for the DYZ1/DYZ3 loci was utilized. For both patients, Southern blot analysis of PCR-amplified DNA with primers for the SRY gene was positive. No signals were detected with the other Y chromosome-specific probes for patient 1. For patient 2, positive signals were obtained for all Y-specific probes. FISH was negat...

Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor (MISIIR): A novel, tissue-specific target expressed by gynecologic cancers.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 05 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS.: In the largest study to date, we report that MISIIR is highly expressed by a wide variety of gynecologic cancers, including cancers currently without effective systemic therapies. Low levels of expression in select non-gynecologic tissues coupled with high expression in gynecologic malignancies make MISIIR an attractive target for novel therapeutics and tumor-directed imaging in the management of gynecologic cancers. Further investigation into the impact of MISIIR expression and OS is also warranted. PMID: 17988723 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

High-throughput microRNAome analysis in human germ cell tumours

The Journal of Pathology — Mon, 24 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

We reported previously that the miRNAs hsa-miR 371-373 cluster is involved in overruling cellular senescence induced by oncogenic stress, allowing cells to become malignant. Here we report the first high-throughput screen of 156 microRNAs in a series of type II and III GCTs (n = 69, in duplicate) using a quantitative PCR-based approach. After normalization to allow inter-sample analysis, the technical replicates clustered together, and the previous hsa-miRNA 371-373 cluster finding was confirmed. Unsupervised cluster analysis demonstrated that the cell lines are different from the in vivo samples. The in vivo samples, both normal and malignant, clustered predominantly based on their maturation status. This parallels normal embryogenesis, rather than chromosomal anomalies in the tumours. mi...

A case of dysgerminoma of the ovary with early carcinomatous features

Histopathology — Mon, 25 Jun 2007 13:06:27 +0100

Histopathology Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???-???. (Source: Histopathology)

Dysgerminoma in three patients with Swyer syndrome

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Sat, 23 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In Patients with Swyer syndrome the risk of dysgerminoma is high and gonadectomy is recommended. Also 5% of dysgerminomas are discovered in phenotypic female and 46 XY karyotype, thus in adolescent with dysgerminoimas and amenorrhea, karyotype should be done. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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Could ovarian choriocarcinoma be detected by maternal serum screening for Down syndrome?

Prenatal Diagnosis — Tue, 29 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100

The incidence of ovarian malignancies during gestation ranges from 1 in 8000 to 1 in 20 000 deliveries. Ovarian malignancies that produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are limited to germ cell tumors, of which dysgerminoma is the most frequent (45%) malignant type encountered in pregnant patients, the others being ovarian choriocarcinoma and mixed germ cell tumors . In women of childbearing age, it is hard to distinguish between metastatic choriocarcinoma on a complete mole and primary ovarian choriocarcinoma. Treatment is based on adnexectomy followed by chemotherapy. Given the extreme rarity of these tumors, the long-term prognosis is difficult to establish. Had the diagnosis for our patient been made during pregnancy, the therapeutic approach would have been discussed in terms of g...

[Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours: a trial of 36 cases.]

Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite — Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Surgery in a young patient with malignant ovarian germ cells tumours must be conservative (adnexectomy) (preserving fertility and because of good prognostic). In case of stage IA with part of dysgerminoma and/or immature teratoma and/or embryonal carcinoma certified by surgical staging, strict follow up could be organized (clinic, radiology, AFP, HCG). In case of more than stage IA, chemotherapy is indicated after conservative surgery and surgical staging. PMID: 17350873 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite)

Prognostic factors and role of salvage surgery in chemorefractory ovarian germ cell malignancies: A study in Chinese patients.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 23 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS.: Chemorefractory cases with dysgerminoma or immature teratoma appear to have better outcome than the other subtypes. When offered standard BEP/PVB regimen as salvage chemotherapy, patients with chemorefractory disease after non-BEP/PVB primary chemotherapy have better prognosis. Optimal cytoreduction during salvage surgery does benefit chemorefractory patients. PMID: 17459461 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Chemotherapeutic treatment of a pregnant patient with ovarian dysgerminoma

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 07 Mar 2007 07:43:08 +0100

Conclusion??This case report illustrates the difficulties arising from diagnosis of malignancy during pregnancy. Although combined treatment with paclitaxel and carboplatin is not considered a first-line therapy for ovarian dysgerminoma, in this case report it elicited an excellent response, and there were no adverse effects on the foetus. Content TypeJournal Article JournalArchives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnline ISSN 1432-0711Print ISSN 0932-0067 (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

Ovarian dysgerminomas are characterised by frequent KIT mutations and abundant expression of pluripotency markers

Molecular Cancer — Fri, 02 Feb 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study provides new data supporting two distinct but overlapping pathways in OGCT development; one involving spontaneous KIT mutation(s) leading to increased survival and proliferation of undifferentiated oogonia, the other related to presence of Y chromosome material and ensuing gonadal dysgenesis in phenotypic females. (Source: Molecular Cancer)

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Ovarian dysgerminoma and Apert syndrome

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 22 Jan 2007 07:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 13-year-old female with Apert syndrome who developed an ovarian dysgerminoma. The FGFR2 exon 7 sequencing showed the classical Apert syndrome c.758C > G transversion (p.Pro253Arg). The genomic analyses of the tumor cells showed low level gains and losses of several chromosomes. This is the second report of the association of Apert syndrome with cancer. Our observation raises the hypothesis of a role for FGFR2 mutations in tumorigenesis. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

OCT4: biological functions and clinical applications as a marker of germ cell neoplasia

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 21 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100

Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which develop in the gonads as well as in extragonadal sites, that share morphological patterns and an overall good prognosis, owing to their responsiveness to current surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic measures. GCTs demonstrate extremely interesting biological features because of their close relationships with normal embryonal development as demonstrated by the pluripotentiality of some undifferentiated GCT variants. The similarities between GCTs and normal germ cell development have made it possible to identify possible pathogenetic pathways in neoplastic transformation and progression of GCTs. Genotypic and immunophenotypic profiles of these tumours are also useful in establishing and narrowing the different...

Laparotomy for post chemotherapy residue in ovarian germ cell tumors

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine — Wed, 15 Nov 2006 02:26:05 +0100

Conclusion</b> : Our study suggests that patients with absence of teratoma element initially, radiological residue of<5 cm and normalization of serum markers after two cycles of chemotherapy do not require surgery to assessthe nature of post-chemotherapy residue. However, laparotomy should be performed in patients with tumorsthat initially contain teratoma element and in those with sluggish tumor marker response after two cycles ofchemotherapy since they have a high chance of having viable postchemotherapy residue. (Source: Journal of Postgraduate Medicine)

Severe malignancy-associated hypercalcemia in dysgerminoma

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 26 Sep 2006 03:33:02 +0100

We describe a 16-year-old girl with an ovarian dysgerminoma associated with severe hypercalcemia, a metabolic abnormality infrequently reported with this disease. We review some of the potential causes of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia and current treatment strategies. It is our recommendation that calcium levels should be monitored in all children with solid ovarian masses. Hypercalcemia seen in these situations may not improve until the tumor is removed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:621-623. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)