MedWorm: Endometrioid Carcinoma

Clinicopathologic study of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a case report.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 13:36:02 +0100

We report herein a first case of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid carcinoma in a 51-year old woman in Chinese population. We performed immunoperoxidase studies for 12 markers. Among them, cytokeratins, keratin 7, keratin 18, EMA, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and vimentin show significantly differential expression between differentiated and undifferentiated area. PMID: 22295150 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology)

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Progestin intrauterine device in an adolescent with grade 2 endometrial cancer.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:35:09 +0100

CONCLUSION: : A progestin-releasing IUD may be a valid treatment option for grade 2 endometrial cancer in young women who desire to retain fertility. PMID: 22270425 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Claudin7 and moesin in endometrial Adenocarcinoma; a retrospective study of 265 patients

BMC Research Notes — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: A significant prognostic value of MSN and CLDN7 in predicting disease outcomes in patients with EC was not demonstrated. Nevertheless, the high percentage of EC cases with MSN and CLDN7 immunoexpression, and their association with tumor grade and subtypes, suggests that these proteins might play a role in tumorigenesis of endometrial adenocarcinomas. Future studies are needed to shed light on their mechanistic properties in EC cells. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

Pathology of endometrioid carcinoma.

Bulletin du Cancer — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article describes anatomopathological and molecular features of this disease. Type I carcinoma, the most frequent, develops in a context of hyperoestrogenia. Endometrial glandular hyperplasia is the precursor lesion. The histological type is an endometrioid carcinoma. Its prognosis is good. Type II carcinoma is less frequent. It occurs on an atrophic mucosa. It is usually a more aggressive tumor like serous adenocarcinoma, clear cells carcinoma or carcinosarcoma with a poor prognosis. Type I and type II carcinoma also present different molecular pathways. PTEN inactivation, an early event in carcinogenesis, is the most frequent abnormality in type I carcinoma. An average of 28% of type I carcinoma also acquire PI3K mutations. On the contrary, P53 mutation is involved in 90% of type II...

Collision of three histologically distinct endometrial cancers of the uterus.

J Korean Med Sci — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We described a 70-yr-old patient who complained of abnormal vaginal bleeding with a collision tumor of the uterine corpus. The patient received total hysterectomy, bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The uterine corpus revealed three separate masses, which were located at the fundus, anterior and posterior wall. Each tumor revealed three pathologically different components, which were malignant mixed müllerian tumor, papillary serous carcinoma, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Among these components, only the papillary serous carcinoma component invaded the underlying myometrium and metastasized to the regional lymph node. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed. The patient is sti...

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is activated in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Gynecologic Oncology — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of ER stress markers in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas suggests a role for ER stress, the UPR and, possibly, GRP78 in endometrial cancer. Whether this mechanisms have a substantial function in the pathogenesis of malignant transformation of human endometrium is still under investigation in our laboratory. PMID: 22146569 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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A prospective blinded comparison of the accuracy of transvaginal sonography and frozen section in the assessment of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Intraoperative FS performed better than preoperative TVS in the assessment of myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer. Despite being time-consuming, FS can be regarded as a useful modality in order to decide whether to perform lymphadenectomy in cases with poor visualization of the endometrium at TVS and when TVS gives inconclusive results. PMID: 22108256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Dedifferentiated Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Uterus: A Clinicopathologic Study of a Case

International Journal of Surgical Pathology — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report herein a case of endometrial dedifferentiated endometrioid carcinoma in a 45-year old lady with ovarian metastasis from the undifferentiated component. The primary endometrial tumor showed an undifferentiated component in an otherwise low grade endometrioid carcinoma. The undifferentiated component of these tumors can be misdiagnosed as the solid component of FIGO grade 3 in a pure endometrioid carcinoma. The recognition of an undifferentiated component in an otherwise low grade endometrioid carcinoma is very important, since dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma has a worse prognosis when compared with FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma. (Source: International Journal of Surgical Pathology)

MicroRNA‐34b functions as a potential tumor suppressor in endometrial serous adenocarcinoma

International Journal of Cancer — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractEndometrial serous adenocarcinoma (ESC) is aggressive and carries a poor prognosis. p53 is frequently mutated in ESC. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a direct p53 target and have been implicated in cancer cell behavior. In the present study, we compared miRNA expression levels in ESC with the levels in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEC) and normal endometria. Six miRNAs were identified as having aberrant downregulation specific to ESC with miR‐34b being most pronounced. miR‐34b was found to have promoter hypermethylation, which when reversed, restored miR‐34b expression in the cell lines treated with 5‐aza‐2' deoxycytidine (DAC). Ectopic expression of miR‐34b in turn inhibited cell growth, migration, and most notably invasion. Our findings suggest a relationship betwe...

Synuclein-γ (SNCG) protein expression is associated with poor outcome in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Overexpression of SNCG seemed to be a predictor biomarker for aggressive tumor behavior and adverse outcome in patients with endometrial cancer. Future exploration of SNCG as a potential therapeutic target for selected patients could be of interest. PMID: 22015044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Smear cytology findings of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 59‐year‐old Japanese woman with cervical LCNEC combined with small cell carcinoma (SmCC). Cytologic specimens from the uterine cervix demonstrated large cells with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Frequent mitotic figures were also observed. Curettage of the uterine endometrium revealed an endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation; i.e., an adenoacanthoma. Histologic examination of surgically resected uterine cervical tissue revealed LCNEC with minor foci of SmCC. Neuroendocrine differentiation in LCNEC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and CD56. Cytotechnologists or pathologists need to consider a differential diagnosis of LCNEC while examining cervical cytologic specimens; therefore, it is important to correctly id...

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Differential expression of alpha 2 macroglobulin in response to dietylstilbesterol and in ovarian carcinomas in chickens

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Collectively, results of the present study indicate that A2M is novel estrogen-stimulated gene expressed in LE and GE of the chicken oviduct and may be used for monitoring effects of therapies for ovarian cancer in laying hens. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Poorly Differentiated Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Developing in a Case of Well-Differentiated Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Contralateral Ovary

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 19:38:14 +0100

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Gynecologic Surgery)

Nuclear characteristics of the endometrial cytology: Liquid‐based versus conventional preparation

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the utility of liquid‐based cytologic preparation (LP) compared with conventional preparation (CP) for the assessment of nuclear findings in endometrial glandular and stromal breakdown (EGBD) which may be misdiagnosed as carcinoma in EGBD cases. The material consists of cytologic smears including 20 cases of proliferative endometrium (PE), 20 cases of EGBD, and 20 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma grade1 (G1) for which histopathological diagnosis was obtained by endometrial curettage at the JA Suzuka General Hospital. Nuclear findings were examined in PE cells, EGBD‐stromal cells, EGBD‐metaplastic cells, and G1 cells, respectively. It was examined about the following items; (1) nuclear shape; (2) A long/minor axis ratio in cell nuclei; (...

Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to the Thyroid, Presenting Like Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 15:14:14 +0100

We report what we believe to be the first documented case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the thyroid gland. An 80-year-old woman was referred to the otolaryngology service with a rapidly growing neck mass. The mass appeared to originate from the thyroid gland. Her clinical presentation was consistent with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. A tracheostomy was performed. An open biopsy established the diagnosis of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, consistent with a gynecologic primary. The patient had undergone a hysterectomy 5 years prior for endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The thyroid tumor histology and immunophenotype corresponded well with her prior endometrial carcinoma, indicating that the thyroid mass was a metastasis from the endometrial primary. Radiotherapy appear...

Clinicopathologic insight of simultaneously detected primary endometrial and ovarian carcinomas

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Sun, 14 Aug 2011 05:44:48 +0100

Conclusions A gynecologist should always keep in mind the possibility of double primary carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary in a young, premenopausal, nulliparous woman presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and prompt the patient for further evaluation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-2046-zAuthors Alexandros Rodolakis, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, “Alexandra” Hospital, University of Athens, 17, Eslin str., 11523 Athens, GreeceNikolaos Thomakos, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, “Alexandra” Hospital, University of Athens, 17, Eslin str., 11523 Athens, GreeceNikolaos Akrivos, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecolo...

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Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to the Thyroid, Presenting Like Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 16:20:49 +0100

Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 14:00:45 +0100

Conclusion. More evidence is needed before suggesting any change in the current management of endometriosis. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Hysterectomy for uterine adenocarcinoma in the elderly: Tumor characteristics, and long-term outcome.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Despite similar surgical staging and adjuvant radiation treatment, patients ≥75years old diagnosed with FIGO stage I-II uterine endometrioid carcinoma were found to have more adverse pathologic features and worse relapse-free, disease-specific and overall survival than younger patients. Age ≥75years alone may not be an independent significant prognostic factor affecting tumor recurrence. PMID: 21767871 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Preoperative risk stratification using 18F-FDG PET/CT in women with endometrial cancer.

Nuklearmedizin — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: High-risk endometrial cancer might be differentiated by means of higher SUVmax from low-risk endometrial cancer. 18F-FDG FDG PET/CT can be applied preoperatively for stratification of risk in patients with endometrial cancer. PMID: 21727990 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Nuklearmedizin)

Fascin expression in low‐grade uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma: correlation with microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF)‐type alteration at the deep invasive margin

Histopathology — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: There are distinct micro‐anatomical variations in fascin immunoreactivity within endometrial carcinoma. The localized increase in fascin expression in MELF‐type epithelium supports the proposal that MELF changes represent areas of active tumour invasion. (Source: Histopathology)

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Clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian carcinomas associated with endometriosis

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 10:52:48 +0100

Conclusion In comparison with common epithelial ovarian cancers, CCC and EACs of the ovary were presented at earlier stages. Cytoreductive surgical treatment is critical in order to plan appropriate post-operative management. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-1957-zAuthors A. Kondi-Pafiti, Pathology Laboratory, University of Athens, Athens, GreeceE. Papakonstantinou, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens, 76 Vas.Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, GreeceC. Iavazzo, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens, 76 Vas.Sofias Ave, 11528 Athens, GreeceC. Grigoriadis, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens, 76 Vas.Sofi...

The pathogenesis of endometrial carcinomas at menopause: facts and figures

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Almost a third of the life of a woman is now postmenopausal, and during this period over 80% of endometrial carcinomas develop. This is by far the most common gynaecological malignancy in the industrialised world and, probably, the less completely understood with regard to its pathogenesis after the menopause. For while it is generally thought that these neoplasms are non-oestrogen-induced, we are, at the same time, informed that oestrogenic stimulation is continuous during menopause through increases to oestrone formation in the adipose tissue from androgens of adrenal and ovarian origin. Furthermore, the postmenopausal endometrium has been typified as atrophic, which is indeed true, but is also implied as being inactive, which in fact it is not; in most cases, the postmenopausal endometr...

Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma in a woman with a history of infertility and multiple IVF treatment cycles.

The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We present a case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma that developed during the ovarian stimulation process and show corresponding ultrasound images of its development. To date, there has not been a published paper showing the evolution of an ovarian malignancy during in-vitro fertilisation. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 21674660 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Coexistence of early microinvasive endometrioid adenocarcinoma and CIN3 in the uterine cervix in a 32-year-old Japanese woman

Diagnostic Pathology — Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the author reported a rare case of simultaneous EMEA and CIN 3 with extensive immunohistochemical findings. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma in a woman with a history of infertility and multiple IVF treatment cycles

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We present a case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma that developed during the ovarian stimulation process and show corresponding ultrasound images of its development. To date, there has not been a published paper showing the evolution of an ovarian malignancy during in‐vitro fertilisation. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor of broad ligament with synchronous ovarian and endometrial carcinoma: A rare association

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Prerna Arora, Seema Rao, Nita Khurana, Divya Talwar, Renu TanwarJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2011 7(1):88-91Extragenital malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT) is a rare tumor in females, and it is even more rarely encountered among the multiple genital malignancies. There are some reports of extragenital MMMTs associated with synchronous or metachronous gynecologic tumors of Mullerian duct origin. We recently encountered an MMMT of broad ligament which is associated with papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in atypical polypoid adenomyoma endometrium in a 76-year-old woman. This case is presented for its rarity and unique presentation. To our knowledge, ours is the first reported case of this unique combination of multiple...

Synchronous breast invasive ductal carcinoma and endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma: Case report

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Mon, 25 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractDiagnosis of synchronous primary cancers in one patient is a relatively rare event. The well‐known synchronous primary cancers of women are combined ovarian and endometrial cancers, especially when both are the endometrioid cell type. Although breast cancer and endometrial cancer are two common female malignancies, they often occur during the postmenopausal period. Therefore, the possibility of concomitant breast cancer and endometrial cancer in a younger woman (premenopausal) is often neglected. The reported case is an example of this situation. A 37‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with synchronous breast invasive ductal carcinoma and endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Since this condition is rarely reported, the correlated risk factors are worthy of our attention and the...

cDNA microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry reveal a distinct molecular phenotype in serous endometrial cancer compared to endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Experimental and Molecular Pathology — Thu, 21 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Serous adenocarcinoma exhibits distinct gene expression profiles, compared with those of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. These differences make it feasible to validate microarray data by immunohistochemistry, and they will ultimately allow us to identify tumors according to their immunohistochemical phenotype. The accuracy of classifying endometrial tumors using a system based on their gene expression patterns is much higher than the accuracy of the FIGO grading system. Thus, this gene expression pattern-based system may prove to be crucial in developing novel treatment strategies for endometrial cancers at the molecular level in future. PMID: 21540026 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology)

Impact of Adjuvant External-Beam Radiation Therapy in Early-Stage Uterine Papillary Serous and Clear Cell Carcinoma

International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics — Tue, 19 Apr 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In FIGO Stage IB–C papillary serous and clear cell uterine carcinoma, adjuvant RT seems to play an important role in improving survival. (Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics)

Inhibin/activin betaE-subunit in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma and endometrial cancer cell lines: From immunohistochemistry to clinical testing?

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The isolated analysis of the inhibin betaE subunit might be of minor prognostic value in identifying high-risk patients. However, its differential expression in cancer of different histological differentiation and ovarian metastasis suggests a putative but yet undefined role in endometrial carcinogenesis. Whether this novel and not well studied inhibin subunit has a substantial function in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of human endometrium is still under investigation. PMID: 21507472 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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International internet-based assessment of observer variability for diagnostically challenging endometrial biopsies.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions.-Although the reproducibility of EIN criteria was good, a subset of biopsies with morular metaplasia and EIN in polyps was problematic and likely required consensus review. PMID: 21466363 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine)

MELF invasion in endometrial cancer as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis

Histopathology — Fri, 25 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: MELF pattern invasion was found to be related statistically to lymph node metastasis. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to evaluate the clinical significance of this observation. (Source: Histopathology)

Dilation of the vaginal cuff using the Bakri Postpartum Balloon to extract the large uterus at the time of robotic hysterectomy for endometrial carcinoma

Journal of Robotic Surgery — Wed, 16 Mar 2011 11:58:40 +0100

Abstract Removal of large uterine specimens during robotic or total laparoscopic hysterectomy poses surgical challenges, particularly in cases performed for gynecologic malignancy. A 23-year-old patient with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium underwent robotic total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The large uterine specimen was removed by dilating the colpotomy incision using the Bakri Postpartum Balloon™. Dilation of the colpotomy incision with the uterine tamponade balloon can allow for the intact removal of a large uterine specimen in cases of robotic or total laparoscopic hysterectomy performed for gynecologic malignancy when specimen morcellation is contraindicated. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s117...

Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Well Differentiated Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Corpus

Surgical Pathology Clinics — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This article presents evidence-based histologic criteria for atypical endometrial hyperplasia and low grade endometrial carcinoma (both FIGO grade 1 and 2) with emphasis on common and not so common histologic mimics. Grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma is discussed in the Oliva and Soslow article in this publication. (Source: Surgical Pathology Clinics)

Endometrioid carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Jagdeesh N Kulkarni, Tejal K Gorasia, Jayashree P Choudhary, Pravin P MahajanJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2010 6(4):578-580Herein, we report a second case of endometrioid carcinoma of the upper urinary tract presenting 17 years after hysterectomy for high grade adenocarcinoma of ovary. A 51-year-old nullipara presented to us with a complaint of hematuria. After complete work up, she underwent right radical nephro-ureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. The histology showed endometrioid carcinoma of upper urinary tract without any evidence of endometriosis. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

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Endometrial metaplasias and reactive changes: a spectrum of altered differentiation

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Endometrial metaplasias and changes (EMCs) are conditions frequently overlooked and misdiagnosed. The aim of this review is to update current issues and provide a classification with a practical clinicopathological approach. Hormonal or irritative stimuli are the main inducing factors of EMCs, although some metaplasias have a mutational origin. EMCs vary from reactive, degenerative lesions to those able to associate with malignancy or those having a preneoplastic potential. The most common types of EMCs are ciliated tubal metaplasia (CTM) and mucinous metaplasia (MM), which occur in simple and complex glands, and possibly these architectural changes hold the same prognostic significance as they do in hyperplastic endometrioid lesions. Immunohistochemically, CTM is positive for LhS28, bcl-2...

Inhibin-α subunit expression in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas and endometrial cancer cell lines: a potential prognostic factor.

International Journal of Molecular Medicine — Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mylonas I Inhibins/activins are secreted polypeptides of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, forming a family of dimeric, disulphide-linked proteins. Inhibins are composed of an α-subunit and one of two possible β-subunits. Both inhibins and activins have substantial roles in human reproduction and in endocrine-responsive tumors. However, the prognostic significance and clinical implications of the inhibin-α subunits in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas is still not clearly defined. A series of 231 uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas of a previous well-characterized cohort were re-evaluated for the expression of the inhibin-α subunit and correlated with several clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. Additionally, several endometrial epithe...

New Insights of Pattern Recognition Receptors and Their Ligands in Gynecologic Pathologies.

Human Immunology — Tue, 14 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Recent advances in innate immunity illuminate the molecular mechanism underlying inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Upregulation of PRRs expression may synergize with activation of HNF-1beta signaling to accelerate endometriosis proliferation and cause carcinogenesis. PMID: 21167248 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Human Immunology)

Endometrial adenocarcinoma involving both horns of a bicornuate uterus

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report a rare case of endometrial adenocarcinoma involving both horns of a bicornuate uterus in a postmenopausal woman. Patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection following an initial positive diagnosis of well differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma on endometrial biopsy. Incidentally, the left ovary revealed a well differentiated sertoli leydig cell tumor. Endometrial carcinoma arising in malformed uterus is rare. Its simultaneous occurrence with an ovarian sertoli leydig cell tumor has not been reported in English literature so far. This case is reported for its rarity. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Synchronous ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with a functioning stroma and endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma by different loss of heterozygosity findings

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:19:56 +0100

Conclusions Loss of heterozygosity analysis may be helpful to differentiate synchronous primary ovarian and endometrial cancers from a single tumor with metastasis. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1725-5Authors Noriyuki Takai, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanKentaro Kai, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanAkitoshi Tsuno, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanKaei Nasu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka,...

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Endometrial hyperplasia

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

is a heterogeneous set of pathologic lesions that range from mild, reversible glandular proliferations to direct cancer precursors. These lesions comprise a continuum of morphologic appearances, with the earliest proliferation represented by crowded glands with simple tubular architecture lined by cells resembling proliferative endometrium, whereas advanced proliferations in this continuum are characterized by crowded glands with complex architecture, often containing cells with nuclear atypia resembling low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The former “early” proliferations may be isolated to an endometrial polyp, but advanced proliferations are generally more diffusely present throughout the endometrium. There are at least three major classification systems for endometrial carcinom...

Endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium: pathologic and molecular features

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium is the most common type of endometrial carcinoma. The microscopic appearance of the tumor resembles that of the proliferative endometrium, with a variable degree of glandular complexity and cellular pleomorphism. Several subtypes have been described, including the presence of squamous differentiation, villoglandular pattern, secretory features and ciliated cells. Recently recognized subtypes are the tumors that arise in the setting of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome, tumors with small nonvillous papillae, presence of microglandular pattern, sertoliform features, and dedifferentiated carcinomas. The main differential diagnosis includes endocervical adenocarcinoma, atypical polypoid adenomyoma, malignant mixed Müllerian tumors, and met...

Primary squamous carcinoma of the ovary likely arising from a monodermal cystic mucinous teratoma

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Mon, 11 Oct 2010 04:00:00 +0100

We present a 58-year-old woman with primary squamous carcinoma of the ovary likely arising from a monodermal cystic mucinous teratoma. Noninvolved ovary showed no Brenner tumor, endometriosis, transitional carcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, or typical multigerm layer classic mature teratoma. Moreover, no other primary site was possible because there were no prior or concomitant squamous carcinomas, or history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The tumor showed strong positivity for p63 and CK5/6, reactivity that also extended from the squamous carcinoma into the basal-cell lining of the mucinous cyst of a likely monodermal teratoma. This basal-cell pattern was absent in a series of conventional benign and borderline cystic mucinous cystadenomas of the ovary, but clearly present in...

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary with synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma arising from a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is a rare event representing only 1–2% of all mature cystic teratomas. Furthermore, the synchronous occurrence of a second malignancy in this setting is extremely rare. A 63‐year‐old woman presented with a pelvic mass which was diagnosed as a left ovarian mature cystic teratoma preoperatively by ultrasonography. The frozen section of the mass revealed a left ovarian mature cystic teratoma with a focus of squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequently surgical staging procedure for ovarian cancer was performed. The final pathologic diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary, and synchronous endometrial adenocarcinoma with a mixture of endometrioid and mucinous subtypes as an inc...

Hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) and hyaluronidases (HYAL1-2) in the accumulation of hyaluronan in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

BMC Cancer — Sun, 26 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The results indicated that HYAL1 and HYAL2 were coexpressed and significantly downregulated in endometrioid endometrial cancer and correlated with the accumulation of hyaluronan. While immunoreactivity for HASs increased in the cancer cells, tumor mRNA levels for HASs were not changed, suggesting that reduced turnover of HAS protein may also have contributed to the accumulation of hyaluronan. (Source: BMC Cancer)

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Mucosal carcinoma of the fallopian tube coexists with ovarian cancer of serous subtype only: a study of Japanese cases

Virchows Archiv — Fri, 24 Sep 2010 17:05:39 +0100

In this study, we sought to examine the coexistence of mucosal carcinoma of the fallopian tube in Japanese ovarian cancer cases. We submitted the fallopian tubes in toto for histological examination in 52 ovarian carcinoma cases and three peritoneal serous carcinoma cases. The ovarian tumors included 12 serous adenocarcinomas, 23 clear cell adenocarcinomas, nine endometrioid adenocarcinomas, three mucinous adenocarcinomas, and four mixed epithelial carcinomas. Mucosal carcinoma of the fallopian tube did not coexist with non-serous adenocarcinoma (n = 40). In contrast, mucosal carcinoma of the fallopian tube was observed in six cases of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and one case of peritoneal serous adenocarcinoma. In these cases, the p53 immunophenotypes were similar in tubal lesi...

Endometrial Safety of Ultra-Low-Dose Estradiol Vaginal Tablets.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 23 Sep 2010 19:13:35 +0100

CONCLUSION:: The reported background incidence rate of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in postmenopausal women is 0% to 1%. The results of this pooled analysis therefore support the endometrial safety of unopposed ultra-low-dose vaginal estrogen. There was no increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in postmenopausal women undergoing treatment with 10-microgram estradiol vaginal tablets for 1 year under study conditions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00108849 (VAG-2195) and NCT00431132 (VAG 1748). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: II. PMID: 20859151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Immunohistochemical evidence for the over-expression of Glutathione peroxidase 3 in clear cell type ovarian adenocarcinoma

Medical Oncology — Sat, 21 Aug 2010 05:50:33 +0100

In this study, the expression of GPX3 mRNA and protein was analyzed for ovarian cancer tissues to test its applicability as a biomarker that can distinguish the four major histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer. A public microarray dataset containing 99 ovarian cancer and 4 normal ovary samples was downloaded, and GPX3 mRNA expression was analyzed. The expression of GPX3 protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining in 40 epithelial ovarian cancer tissues, 10 for each of the serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell type. Histoscores were made from the immunohistostaining, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to quantitate the differences in protein level. Analysis of genomic dataset confirms a GPX3 overexpression in clear cell type ovarian adenocarcinoma...

The role of lymphadenectomy in uterine carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed mullerian tumours): a critical literature review

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 18 Aug 2010 17:39:54 +0100

Conclusions Our review data fully justifies the rationale of lymphadenectomy, which beyond staging information seems to offer a measurable survival benefit. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1649-0Authors G. Vorgias, Department of Gynaecology, Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital, Botassi 51, 18537 Piraeus, GreeceS. Fotiou, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece Journal Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnline ISSN 1432-0711Print ISSN 0932-0067 (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

Functional oestrogen receptor α imaging in endometrial carcinoma using 16α-[18F]fluoro-17β-oestradiol PET

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging — Wed, 18 Aug 2010 06:45:25 +0100

Conclusion FES PET combined with FDG would be useful for non-invasive evaluation of ERα distribution, as well as ERα function, which reflects differentiation grade in endometrial carcinoma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00259-010-1589-8Authors Tetsuya Tsujikawa, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, 910-1193 JapanYoshio Yoshida, Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, JapanYasushi Kiyono, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, 910-1193 JapanTetsuji Kurokawa, Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, JapanTakashi Kudo, Biomedical Imaging Resear...

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Clinical significance of pmTOR expression in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Fri, 13 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We show for the first time an association between pmTOR and better survival in patients with endometrial cancer. Future studies to stratify endometrial tumors by pmTOR status are needed. (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

KRAS mutation and microsatellite instability in endometrial adenocarcinomas showing MELF-type myometrial invasion

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 08:50:39 +0100

Conclusions Mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes are not directly implicated in the development of a MELF pattern of invasion in endometrial carcinoma. However, RAS-associated signalling pathways could be activated through other genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. The characterisation of such alterations may become increasingly important as novel therapies are developed that target mediators involved in tumour invasion. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Primary follicular lymphoma of the fallopian tube found incidentally in a patient treated for endometrial carcinoma: a case report

Diagnostic Pathology — Sun, 27 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

We report a rare case of primary lymphoma of the fallopian tube in a 68-year-old woman who underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrial carcinoma. The specimen showed a well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma with superficial myometrial invasion. The left fallopian tube revealed a 1 cm nodule that histologically showed diffuse lymphoid follicles consisting of small cleaved lymphocytes and occasional larger cells. The cells were immunopositive for CD20, BCL-2, and BCL-6 but negative for CD3 and CD43. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed a monoclonal B-cell population. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization revealed at (14, 18) translocation. The patient had absent lymphadenopathy and negative CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis. The findings were con...

EGFR isoforms and gene regulation in human endometrial cancer cells

Molecular Cancer — Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Type I Ishikawa H and type II Hec50co endometrial carcinoma cells both express EGFR and sEGFR, but differ markedly in their responsiveness to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. This difference is paralleled by differences in the expression of sEGFR and EGFR, as well as in their transcriptional response following treatment with either EGF or gefitinib. The small cluster of differently regulated genes reported here in these type I vs. type II endometrial cancer-derived cell lines may identify candidate biomarkers useful for predicting sensitivity to EGFR blockade. (Source: Molecular Cancer)

[Endometrial cancer: Survey of surgical practice in France in 2008.]

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Sun, 06 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Despite the limits of our study based on volunteer answers of surgeons to a questionnaire, our results highlight the efforts of learned societies and medical authorities should be used to standardize the treatment of cancer. A reflection should be conducted on the basis of initial training and throughout a professional career to provide patients optimal care of their pathology. PMID: 20542646 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction)

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IMP3 distinguishes uterine serous carcinoma from endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Wed, 19 May 2010 12:45:36 +0100

Authors: Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Herrmann FR, Rai H, Tchabo N, Lele S, Izevbaye I, Odunsi K, Cheney RT Differentiating uterine serous carcinoma (USC) from endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) could be problematic, especially in high-grade EACs and tumors exhibiting architectural variations. To address this issue, we evaluated 103 endometrial carcinoma cases using 4 immunomarkers, beta-catenin, IMP3, PTEN, and p53. Cases included 31 USCs, 57 EACs, and 15 mixed EAC-USCs. Of 31 USCs and 57 EACs, 8 and 9, respectively, were considered diagnostically difficult and challenging. beta-catenin was more frequently expressed in EAC (P = .001); p53, PTEN, and IMP3 were more frequently found in USC (P < .001 for each). IMP3 was the best independent predictive marker for USCs. The best marker combinati...

Genomic profile of endometrial tumors depends on morphological subtype, not on tamoxifen exposure

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Thu, 06 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Tamoxifen has been a very effective treatment for breast cancer for several decades, however, at the same time increases the risk of endometrial cancer, especially after prolonged exposure. In addition, tamoxifen has been associated with a higher proportion of unfavorable uterine tumor subtypes (carcinosarcomas and serous adenocarcinomas) with worse survival. We investigated whether endometrial tumors, which developed after prolonged tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer, are genetically different from endometrial tumors without preceding tamoxifen exposure. Array CGH was used on archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded endometrial tumors to determine genomic aberrations. We compared the genomic profiles of 52 endometrial tumors from breast cancer patients after long-term ([ge]2 years) ta...

Expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A in endometrial carcinomas: clinicopathologic correlations and prognostic significance

Virchows Archiv — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:55:00 +0100

This study investigated the relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of mtTFA and various clinicopathological variables in 276 endometrial carcinomas, including 245 endometrioid adenocarcinomas and 31 nonendometrioid carcinomas (21 serous carcinomas and 10 clear cell adenocarcinomas). Both uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed. The mtTFA labeling index of endometrioid adenocarcinomas ranged from 0% to 98%, with a median value of 32%, which was selected as the cut-off point for mtTFA expression. The mtTFA expression in endometrioid adenocarcinomas was significantly associated with the surgical stage, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cervical invasion, and lymph node metastasis. In contrast, no correlation between clinicopathologic v...

Genomic characterization of gene copy-number aberrations in endometrial carcinoma cell lines derived from endometrioid-type endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 07:46:15 +0100

In this study, we used genome-wide microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) technology to characterize five of the more commonly used endometrial cancer cell lines. We detected DNA copy-number gains in chromosomal regions 2q, 3p, 3q, 5q, 7p, 17q, and19q in all five cell lines. Other common sites of copy-number gains, which were detected in four of five cell lines, included segments of chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 16. In all five cell lines, we found DNA copy-number losses in regions 3p, 10p, 10q, 11q, 11p, 14q, 15q, 18p, and 21q. Other common sites of genetic aberrations included segments of chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 16, 20, and 22. The genes involved in the copy-number alterations included the oncogenes PIK3CA (3q26.3), K-ras (12p12.1), R-ras (19q13.3-qter), Raf-1...

IRS1 Regulation by Wnt/{beta}-Catenin Signaling and Varied Contribution of IRS1 to the Neoplastic Phenotype [Mechanisms Of Signal Transduction]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 14:36:09 +0100

Dysregulation of β-catenin levels and localization and constitutive activation of β-catenin/TCF (T cell factor)-regulated gene expression occur in many cancers, including the majority of colorectal carcinomas and a subset of ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Based on the results of microarray-based gene expression profiling we found the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene as one of the most highly up-regulated genes upon ectopic expression of a mutant, constitutively active form of β-catenin in the rat kidney epithelial cell line RK3E. We demonstrate expression of IRS1 can be directly activated by β-catenin, likely in part via β-catenin/TCF binding to TCF consensus binding elements located in the first intron and downstream of the IRS1 transcriptional star...

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Thyroid transcription factor 1 expression in ovarian carcinomas is an independent prognostic factor

Human Pathology — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We examined the incidence of thyroid transcription factor 1 expression in gynecologic tumors in Japanese patients, and we further evaluated the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in thyroid transcription factor 1–positive gynecologic malignancies. A total of 186 patient samples collected at our hospitals between 1991 and 2006 were analyzed, and these specimens consisted of 83 ovarian carcinomas, 55 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas of the uterus, 28 cervical adenocarcinomas of the uterus, and 20 leiomyosarcomas of the uterus. Thyroid transcription factor 1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The presence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations was investigated by polymerase chain reaction analyses. Thyroid transcription factor 1 was detected ...

Hormone replacement after gynaecological cancer

Maturitas — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Treatment of gynaecological cancer frequently results in the loss of ovarian function and menopausal symptoms. Symptoms of iatrogenic menopause are usually significantly more intense than those of natural menopause due to sudden onset of symptoms, younger age and its effects on common physical and psychological problems of cancer therapy like body image concerns and sexual dysfunction. The most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms is hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, it is very controversial if HRT is safe in patients after a gynaecological malignancy. The main concerns are the potential stimulation of residual cancer and the induction of new hormone-dependent disease. However, the majority of the most common gynaecological malignancies like squamous cell carcino...

Mixed Müllerian Tumors of the Female Genital Tract

Surgical Pathology Clinics — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 15:12:18 +0100

Abstract: Malignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) and müllerian/mesodermal adenosarcoma are 2 of the most common mixed müllerian tumors of the female genital tract. MMMT is a biphasic neoplasm, composed of morphologically malignant epithelial and stromal components. MMMT should be distinguished from endometrioid adenocarcinoma with spindle cell elements, “dedifferentiated” endometrioid carcinoma, and combined adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Adenosarcoma is also biphasic; it is composed of morphologically benign or low-grade appearing epithelial components and malignant stromal components. The differential diagnosis of adenosarcoma includes MMMT, endometrial stromal tumor containing endometrioid glands, benign endometrial or endocervical polyp, adenofibroma, adenomyoma, ...

Ovarian cancer in endometriosis: epidemiology, natural history, and clinical diagnosis

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:41 +0100

Abstract We review whether endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer is a specific entity compared with ovarian cancer not associated with endometriosis, with respect to epidemiology, natural history, and clinical diagnosis; we present a review of the English-language literature for ovarian cancer in endometriosis with respect to these three features. A recent prospective study in Japan directly showed that, during a follow-up of up to 17 years of an ovarian endometrioma cohort (n = 6398), 46 incident ovarian cancers were identified, showing that the ovarian cancer risk was significantly elevated in patients with ovarian endometrioma (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 8.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.12 to 15.3). Advancing age (>40 years) and the size of the endomet...

The sensitivity and specificity of a new formula to distinguish endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma from ovarian endometrial carcinoma

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we established a formula to distinguish ovarian endometrioid cancer (EOC) from endometrioid type endometrial cancer (EEC), based on our previous report of cyclin and KI67 expression pattern by immunohistochemistry of 36 EECc and 37 OECc by the logistic regression. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy using 92 test samples retrospectively and finally could diagnose the origin of 16 cases in whom endometrioid type adenocarcinoma arose in both ovary and endometrium and could be determined by Scully's criteria, and 15 cases in whom endometrioid type adenocarcinoma arose in both ovary and endometrium and Scully's criteria were not usuful retrospectively.Results: The estimated formula is as follows: Logit(Prob(EOC))=−1.1437−0.0853 CNA+0.0423 CNB+0.173 CND1+0.0129 CNE+0.0224 C...

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CDX-2 expression is a common event in primary intestinal-type endocervical adenocarcinoma.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 05:12:33 +0100

Authors: Saad RS, Ismiil N, Dubé V, Nofech-Mozes S, Khalifa MA We studied the expression of cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK20, CDX-2, and p16 in 119 cervical adenocarcinomas (65 usual type [50 invasive; 15 in situ], 37 intestinal type [21 invasive; 16 in situ], 10 endometrioid, 5 adenosquamous, and 2 signet-ring carcinomas) in comparison with 55 cases of rectal adenocarcinomas. The percentage of cells staining was considered negative if 0% to 5% stained; more than 5% was considered positive. For p16, staining of more than 50% was considered positive. CK7 was expressed in all cervical cases and in 12 rectal adenocarcinomas (22%). CK20 was expressed in 17 cervical adenocarcinomas (14.3%) and in 48 rectal adenocarcinomas (87%). CK20 immunostaining was diffuse in the majority of rectal tumors ...

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the ovary arising from endometriosis: two case reports

Cases Journal — Sun, 02 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The author reports two cases of adenosquamous carcinoma arising from endometriosis of ovaries. The tumor patients were 38-year-old and 53-year-old women. Both patients underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian carcinomas. Grossly, both ovarian tumors were located in the left ovaries, and were cystic tumors with mural tumors. Histologically, the cystic areas consisted of endometrial glandular epithelium. Both mural tumors were composed of grade I endometroid adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. These two elements were admixed in some areas. A differentiation of endometrioid adenocarcinoma from the endometriosis were present in a few areas. Likewise, a differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma from the endometriosis were recognized in several areas. The p...

Clinicopathological significance of cyclin A, p27 and Skp2 in ovarian epithelial tumors

Basic and Applied Pathology — Mon, 18 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Cyclin A and skp2 expression is related to the development of ovarian carcinomas. However, we could not find a significant alteration of p27 expression in ovarian adenocarcinomas. (Source: Basic and Applied Pathology)

PRK1 distribution in normal tissues and carcinomas: overexpression and activation in ovarian serous carcinoma

Human Pathology — Thu, 07 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Summary: Protein kinase C–related kinases are regulated by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and Rho family GTPases. The isoform PRK1 has been characterized in detail in prostate cancer, but not in other carcinomas. We analyzed our prior microarray data for PRK1 gene expression in 175 carcinomas and evaluated tissue microarrays for protein expression in 251 carcinomas and a comprehensive group of normal tissues. We also used immunoblotting to determine the levels and phosphoactivation status of PRK1, PRK2, and PDK1 in 12 ovarian serous carcinomas, SKOV3 cells, and 3 samples of normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). The highest average level of PRK1 messenger RNA was observed in ovarian serous carcinomas compared with all other carcinomas, including those of the prostate, bladder/ureter, br...

Miscellaneous Uterine Malignant Neoplasms Detected during Hysteroscopic Surgery

The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology — Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Resectoscopic surgery in women with miscellaneous uterine malignant lesions not adversely affect 5-year survival and long-term prognosis. (Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology)

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Reproducibility determination of WHO classification of endometrial hyperplasia / well differentiated adenocarcinoma and comparison with computerized morphometric data in curettage specimens In Iran.

Diagnostic Pathology — Wed, 25 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: It may be necessary to make some revisions in WHO classification for endometrial hyperplasia and precancerous lesions. (Source: Diagnostic Pathology)

Comparative proteomic study of two closely related ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma cell lines using cIEF fractionation and pathway analysis

Electrophoresis — Mon, 16 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The proteomic profiles from two distinct ovarian endometrioid tumor-derived cell lines, (MDAH-2774 and TOV-112D) each with different morphological characteristics and genetic mutations, have been studied. Characterization of the differential global protein expression between these two cell lines has important implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. In this comparative proteomic study, extensive fractionation of peptides generated from whole-cell trypsin digestion was achieved by coupling cIEF in the first-dimensional separation with capillary LC (RP-HPLC) in the second dimensional separation. Online analysis was performed using tandem mass spectra acquired by a linear ion trap mass spectrometer from triplicate runs. A total of 1749 and 1955...

Clinicopathological characteristics of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 09 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of mucinous invasive adenocarcinoma was difficult. Since patients with mucinous invasive adenocarcinoma had a lower response to chemotherapy, aggressive cytoreductive surgery was an effective treatment to improve the prognosis for advanced stage patients. A new chemotherapeutic regimen should be established for mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. PMID: 19275957 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium and ovary: review of 43 cases

The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 14 Feb 2009 10:12:17 +0100

Conclusion Synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium and ovary were different from either the primary endometrial or ovarian cancer, while usually it can be detected in early stage with a good prognosis. The impact of the CA125 level on prognosis needs to be further studied. Surgery treatment alone may be enough for early stage patients. Chemotherapy plus radiotherapy may be necessary for advanced patients. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10330-008-0146-4Authors Shaokang Ma, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Caner Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100021 ChinaHongtu Zhang, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Department of Pathology, Caner Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100021 ChinaYangch...

Primary Undifferentiated Ovarian Carcinoma Diagnosed by its Metastasis to Brain: An Unusual Case Report.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Fri, 26 Dec 2008 13:25:52 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Although metastasis from undifferentiated ovarian carcinomas to the central nervous system have been published with the CNS disease often developing long after the initial diagnosis of primary tumour; simultaneous diagnosis of primary undifferentiated carcinoma of the ovary and its CNS metastasis as described in our case may rarely occur. PMID: 19107695 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Turkish Neurosurgery)

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[Gynecologic Cancer] Carcinoma of the Lower Uterine Segment: A Newly Described Association With Lynch Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 18 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The prevalence of Lynch syndrome in patients with LUS endometrial carcinoma (29%) is much greater than that of the general endometrial cancer patient population (1.8%) or in endometrial cancer patients younger than age 50 years (8% to 9%). On the basis of our results, the possibility of Lynch syndrome should be considered in women with LUS tumors. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Primary sex cord-like variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis

APMIS — Fri, 05 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Kauppila S, Altinörs M, Väre P, Liakka A, Knuuti E, Nissi R. Primary sex cord-like variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis. Case report. APMIS 2008;116:842[ndash]5. Endometriosis, a relatively common disease generally affecting women in the reproductive age group, is mostly found in the pelvic organs. Although endometriosis is a benign disease, some malignant tumors have been reported to develop in endometriotic lesions, most commonly in the ovary. The relationship between endometriosis and malignancy is not well known, but the majority of endometriosis-associated ovarian malignancies are usually endometrioid adenocarcinomas and clear cell carcinomas. The sex cord-like variant of endometrioid adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor that histologically closely resembles t...

Cyr61, a member of ccn (connective tissue growth factor/cysteine-rich 61/nephroblastoma overexpressed) family, predicts survival of patients with endometrial cancer of endometrioid subtype.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Cyr61 is highly expressed in some endometrial cancer of endometrioid subtype. Cyr61 expression and positive LNM were independent prognostic factors for patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Cyr61 might be a new molecular marker to predict the prognosis of patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. PMID: 19007976 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium with pagetoid spread.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100

We report the first case, to our knowledge, of combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium, with an unusual pagetoid spread of the neuroendocrine component into normal endometrial and endocervical glands. The endometrial carcinoma had a small serous component, but most of the tumor was characterized by solid sheets of medium to large cells with abundant mitotic figures, numerous apoptotic bodies, and foci of necrosis. This component was diffusely positive for neuroendocrine markers. Following surgery, the patient was treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. She was without evidence of progression at 5 months of follow-up. PMID: 18976022 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine)

Association between ovarian endometriosis and malignancy in the peri-menopausal period: report of two cases and review of the literature

Gynecological Surgery — Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:21:41 +0100

We report two cases of peri-menopausal women in which endometriosis was associated to ovarian malignancy. The first case was a 49-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic oophorectomy for an ovarian endometrioid cyst. Definitive histology showed ovarian endometrioid cyst with endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma. Subsequently, surgical restaging was performed. The other case was a 49-year-old woman who underwent hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy for an ovarian mass suggestive of endometriosis and uterine myomas. At frozen section examination, ovarian adenocarcinoma was found and staging procedure was performed. Definitive histology showed carcinosarcoma of the ovary with areas of endometriod adenocarcinoma. Given the non-infrequent association between ovarian endometriosis a...

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High frequency of RASSF1A and RARb2 gene promoter methylation in morphologically normal endometrium adjacent to endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Histopathology — Mon, 08 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Promoter region methylation of RASSF1A and RARb2 genes is an early event in endometrial carcinogenesis. PMID: 18783461 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Histopathology)

Endometrial Effects of Tibolone in Elderly, Osteoporotic Women.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Tibolone treatment during 3 years minimally increased endometrial thickness, hyperplastic polyps, endometrial carcinoma, and vaginal bleeding. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.org, www.clinicaltrials.org, NCT00519857 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I. PMID: 18757665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

CD10 Immunostaining distinguishes atypical polypoid adenomyofibroma (atypical polypoid adenomyoma) from endometrial carcinoma invading the myometrium.

American Journal of Surgery — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, this study demonstrated differences in the CD10 immunoreactivity or immunostaining pattern between the stromal components of APA and myoinvasive endometrial carcinoma. This difference should lead to a more accurate diagnosis of APA (pseudo-myoinvasive lesion). Furthermore, the histogenesis of APA may perhaps be explained by "myofibromatous metaplasia" of the endometrial stromal cells. PMID: 18619643 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Surgery)

Transitional cell carcinoma of the endometrium and endometrial carcinoma with transitional cell differentiation: a clinicopathologic study of 5 cases and review of the literature.

Human Pathology — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mariño-Enríquez A, González-Rocha T, Burgos E, Stolnicu S, Mendiola M, Nogales FF, Hardisson D To date, only 16 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the endometrium and endometrial carcinoma with transitional cell differentiation have been reported in the literature. We reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 5 cases of endometrial carcinoma with transitional cell differentiation. The mean age was 68 years, and all patients presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Macroscopically, the tumors were intracavitary and friable. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of tightly packed papillary structures with thin fibrovascular cores, resembling a transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. One tumor showed exclusively transitional cell differentiation,...

Uterine Carcinosarcomas and Grade 3 Endometrioid Cancers: Evidence for Distinct Tumor Behavior.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Tue, 01 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Carcinosarcomas present at more advanced stage and have worse survival than grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas. Carcinosarcomas may represent a distinct biologic entity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II. PMID: 18591309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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[Expression and methylation of adenomatous polyposis coli gene in endometrioid adenocarcinoma.]

Chinese Journal of Cancer — Sun, 01 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The expression and DNA methylation of APC gene are certainly related with the occurrence and development of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. PMID: 18570730 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Journal of Cancer)

Imaging of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus metastatic to the ciliary body.

Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Akcaer M, Milman T, Finger PT A 60-year-old woman with endometrioid adenocarcinoma (stage FIGO II) presented with left eye pain. A hysterectomy was to be preceded by pelvic radiation therapy (45 Gy). Ophthalmic examination with high frequency ultrasonography revealed a ciliary body tumor with iris extension. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography fusion revealed multifocal metastatic disease. A Finger iridectomy technique ciliary body tumor biopsy revealed metastatic endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Treatment with external beam radiation therapy (3,060 cGy in 17 daily fractions) resolved her ocular disease. Subsequent and rapidly evolving systemic carcinomatosis with brain involvement resulted in her death. This is the first reported case of endometrioid adenocarcino...

Biopsy histomorphometry predicts uterine myoinvasion by endometrial carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

Human Pathology — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mutter GL, Kauderer J, Baak JP, Alberts D A barrier to nonsurgical management of premalignant endometrial disease is the need to perform hysterectomy to exclude concurrent myoinvasive endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Occult adenocarcinoma rates for premalignant disease diagnosed by biopsy or curettage are approximately 40%. We applied the histomorphometric 4-class rule ("4C," which measures epithelial abundance, thickness, and nuclear variation) to diagnostic biopsies to predict myoinvasive cancer outcomes at hysterectomy. Women with endometrial biopsies or curettages having a community diagnosis of atypical endometrial hyperplasia were enrolled in a clinical trial in which subsequent hysterectomy was scored for endometrial adenocarcinoma, and 4C rule ability to predict cancer out...

Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma recurring as carcinosarcoma

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 01:19:40 +0100

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, Volume 34, Issue 2, Page 279-282, April 2008. Abstract Müllerian carcinosarcoma is currently regarded as a metaplastic (sarcomatous) carcinoma. Only five cases of pure ovarian adenocarcinoma recurring as carcinosarcoma have been documented in the literature. There are no documented cases of ... (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

The role of omentectomy during the surgical staging in patients with clinical stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Thu, 03 Apr 2008 08:26:21 +0100

Conclusions We conclude that despite the presence of normal-appearing omentum, omentectomy should be performed as a component of surgical staging in the presence of positive peritoneal cytology. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-008-0389-zAuthors Jale Metindir, Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital Department of Gynecology Ahmet Mithat Efendi Sok No: 58/11 06550 Çankaya/Ankara TurkeyGülay Bilir Dilek, Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital Department of Pathology Ankara Turkey Journal Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical OncologyOnline ISSN 1432-1335Print ISSN 0171-5216 (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology)

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Lymphovascular space invasion does not predict vaginal relapses in stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Sat, 08 Mar 2008 20:49:19 +0100

This study was conducted to determine whether, in a pure population of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I endometrioid endometrial (S1EE) carcinoma that is confined to the uterus and without lymph node metastases, the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is positively associated with vaginal relapses. Pathologic reports for all S1EE diagnosed in a hysterectomy specimen during a 9-year period (1997-2005) were reviewed. Cases with LVSI were selected and immunohistochemical staining for CD34, factor VIII-related antigen and pancytokeratin were performed on the relevant slides for confirmation. Various established prognostic/predictive clinicopathologic parameters were documented for the whole cohort and were correlated with the presence or ...

Precise measurement of the E-cadherin repressor Snail in formalin-fixed endometrial carcinoma using protein lysate microarrays

Clinical and Experimental Metastasis — Fri, 29 Feb 2008 09:24:44 +0100

In conclusion, our results fit to the proposed function of Snail as a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin and Cytokeratin 18 in primary human carcinomas and demonstrate the usefulness of protein lysate microarrays for the precise determination of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s10585-008-9149-3Authors Susanne Hipp, Technical University of Munich Institute of Pathology Trogerstrasse 18 81675 Munich GermanyAxel Walch, GSF-National Research Centre for Environment and Health Institute of Pathology Neuherberg GermanyTibor Schuster, Technical University of Munich Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology Munich GermanyHeinz Höfler, Technical University of Munich Institute of Pathology Troge...

Expression of aquaporin-1 in normal, hyperplasic, and carcinomatous endometria.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 28 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: AQP1 may be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of endometrioid adenocarcinoma by promoting angiogenesis, and AQP1 level may be both a tumor indicator and a new therapeutic target. PMID: 18313673 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)

Tumor-associated macrophages correlate with vascular space invasion and myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 18 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Although on univariate analysis TAMs are associated with other poor prognosticators, on a multivariate analysis, TAMs appear only to be associated with MI and VI. TAMs may play a significant role in the biology of tumor progression of endometrial adenocarcinoma, but do not appear to be independent prognostic indicators of patient's survival. PMID: 18289648 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

[My approach] My approach to and thoughts on the typing of ovarian carcinomas

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Fri, 25 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Ovarian carcinomas of epithelial type comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, each with a different underlying pathogenesis and natural behaviour. Accurate classification of ovarian carcinomas is important since each type may be associated with a different behaviour, natural history and outcome. Precise classification is also critical to determine whether alternative therapeutic strategies are appropriate for different tumour types. Previous studies have shown significant interobserver variation in the typing of ovarian carcinomas. There are several areas where there are particular difficulties; these include the distinction between high-grade serous and endometrioid adenocarcinomas and the distinction between a true clear cell carcinoma and clear cell areas within other adenocarcinom...

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[Original articles] BNIP3 expression in endometrial cancer relates to active hypoxia inducible factor 1{alpha} pathway and prognosis

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Fri, 25 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: BNIP3 seems to be an important hypoxia-regulated molecule involved in endometrial cancer pathology. Given that high BNIP3 reactivity, being linked with poor post-operative outcome, has been linked with a favourable response to cytotoxic therapy (as previously indicated in experimental studies), high BNIP3 expression may be an indicator for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in stage I endometrial carcinomas. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma associated with ovulation induction; a case report

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer — Tue, 22 Jan 2008 00:00:00 +0100

We describe a case of a 38-year-old woman with primary infertility and a history of three ovulation inductions with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and gonadotrophins, referred for treatment of bilateral ovarian cysts, which were discovered in the beginning of the last cycle. During laparotomy, bilateral adnexal masses were identified, presumed to be of ovarian origin, and total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, infracolic omentectomy, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes sampling were performed. Histologic examination showed a primary right fallopian tube endometrioid adenocarcinoma and bilateral adnexal endometriosis. Surgery was followed by six cycles of combination chemotherapy using paclitaxel and carboplatin without significant complications. Although evidenc...

Neoangiogenesis and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glucose transporter-1 in endometrioid type endometrium adenocarcinomas.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 10 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: HIF-1alpha was increasingly expressed from early stages through advance stages of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, paralleled by activation of its downstream genes such as GLUT-1, VEGF and increased angiogenesis. These results highlight the importance of hypoxia and related pathways in progression of endometrial carcinoma. PMID: 18191183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Prohibitin silencing reverses stabilization of mitochondrial integrity and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells by increasing their sensitivity to apoptosis

International Journal of Cancer — Tue, 08 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Current approaches to the treatment of ovarian cancer are limited because of the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Prohibitin (Phb1) is a possible candidate protein that contributes to development of drug resistance, which could be targeted in neoplastic cells. Phb1 is a highly conserved protein that is associated with a block in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and also with cell survival. Our study was designed to determine the role of Phb1 in regulating cellular growth and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Our results showed that Phb1 content is differentially overexpressed in papillary serous ovarian carcinoma and endometrioid ovarian adenocarcinoma when compared to normal ovarian epithelium and was inversely related to Ki67 expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy and West...

Ovarian endometrioma-Risks factors of ovarian cancer development.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Mon, 24 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Some endometriosis lesions may predispose to clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers. Advancing age and the size of endometriomas were independent predictors of development of ovarian cancer among women with ovarian endometrioma. PMID: 18162283 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

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No Metastatic Cervical Adenocarcinomas in a Series of p16INK4a-Positive Mucinous or Endometrioid Advanced Ovarian Carcinomas: An Analysis of the AGO Ovarian Cancer Study Group.

International Journal of Gynecological Pathology — Sat, 22 Dec 2007 01:39:58 +0100

Page: 18DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0b013e318074b83fAuthors: Wentzensen, Nicolas M.D.; Bois, Andreas du M.D.; Kommoss, Stefan M.D.; Pfisterer, Jacobus M.D.; von Knebel Doeberitz, Magnus M.D.; Schmidt, Dietmar M.D.; Kommoss, Friedrich M.D. (Source: International Journal of Gynecological Pathology)

Four synchronous female genital malignancies: the ovary, cervix, endometrium and fallopian tube

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Sat, 08 Dec 2007 19:02:24 +0100

Discussion When compared with patients having metastatic lesions, most synchronous female malignancies are accompanied with early stage and low-grade with a more favorable prognosis. However, there is paucity of data for the exact criterion to distinguish primary tumors from metastatic lesions. In such cases, the validity of immunohistochemical and cloning studies are not clear. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00404-007-0520-4Authors Arzu Saglam, Hacettepe University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Ankara TurkeyGurkan Bozdag, Hacettepe University School of Medicine Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Sihhiye Ankara 06100 TurkeyGamze Mocan Kuzey, Hacettepe University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Ankara TurkeyT...

Endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium with choriocarcinomatous differentiation: a case report and review of the literature

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Sat, 08 Dec 2007 19:02:24 +0100

Conclusion Although endometrioid adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinomatous differentiation is known to behave in a more aggressive course, this disease may have a good prognosis with a clinically indolent course when it is small, and without elevated serum hCG levels. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00404-007-0526-yAuthors Metin Akbulut, Pamukkale University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Morfoloji Binasi, Kinikli 20070 Denizli TurkeyHulya Tosun, Pamukkale University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Morfoloji Binasi, Kinikli 20070 Denizli TurkeyMehmet Emin Soysal, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Denizli TurkeyOzer Oztekin, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Departme...

Neither ovariectomy nor progestin treatment prevents endometrial neoplasia in pten(+/-) mice.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 27 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS.: Development of endometrial neoplasms and constitutive activation of the PI3K pathway in pten(+/-) mice is not affected by hormonal ablation or by progestin treatment. Loss of PTEN expression is common during human endometrial cancer development, and this may render lesions resistant to the effects of hormonal manipulation leading to treatment failure. PMID: 18048091 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Molecular alterations in the pathogenesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Therapeutic implications

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sat, 04 Aug 2007 09:02:35 +0100

Summary Molecular genetic evidence indicates that endometrial carcinoma likely develops as the result of a multistep process of oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. These molecular alterations appear to be specific for Type I (endometrioid) and Type II (non endometrioid) cancers. Type I cancers are characterized by mutation of PTEN, KRAS2, defects in DNA mismatch repair, as evidenced by the microsatellite instability phenotype, and a near diploid karyotype. Type II cancers often contain mutations of TP53 and Her-2/neu and are usually nondiploid. The clinical value of many of these molecular markers is now being tested and it may help to refine diagnosis and establish an accurate prognosis. Furthermore, some of these tumor biomarkers constitute the ta...

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Adenomyosis involved by endometrial adenocarcinoma is a significant risk factor for deep myometrial invasion.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Tue, 17 Jul 2007 13:40:31 +0100

This study of grade 1 endometrioid adenocarcinoma investigates whether patients with cancer-positive adenomyosis are at a different risk for deep myometrial invasion compared with those with cancer-negative adenomyosis. Ninety-three hysterectomy specimens with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians) grade 1 endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma associated with adenomyosis were studied. Four experienced gynecologic pathologists retrospectively reviewed all hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Myometrial invasion was confirmed by CD10-negative staining around glands with jagged outline surrounded by inflamed desmoplastic stroma. Adenomyosis was involved by adenocarcinoma in 46 cases, whereas it was carcinoma-negative in 47 cases. Myometrial invasion was found ...

The Pathology of Endometriosis: A Survey of the Many Faces of a Common Disease Emphasizing Diagnostic Pitfalls and Unusual and Newly Appreciated Aspects

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Sat, 30 Jun 2007 23:00:00 +0100

Although the histologic diagnosis of endometriosis is usually straightforward, many diagnostic problems can arise as a result of alterations or absence of its glandular or stromal components. The diagnostic difficulty in such cases can be compounded by tissue that is limited to a small biopsy specimen. The appearance of the glandular component can be altered by hormonal and metaplastic changes, as well as cytologic atypia and hyperplasia. Although the last 2 findings are often referred to collectively as "atypical endometriosis," they should be separately recognized as their premalignant potential likely differs. In some cases, the endometriotic glands are sparse or even absent (stromal endometriosis). The stromal component can be obscured or effaced by infiltrates of foamy and pigmented h...

Small primary adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis with nodal metastasis: a case report

BioMed Central — Wed, 20 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Adenocarcinoma in adenomyosis may be affected by local hormonal influence and, despite its small size, may metastasize. (Source: BioMed Central)

B7-H4 (DD-O110) is overexpressed in high risk uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas and inversely correlated with tumor T-cell infiltration.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 15 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS.: B7-H4 is overexpressed in hyperplastic and malignant endometrial epithelium and is correlated with the number T cells associated with the tumor. These results suggest that B7-H4 overexpression may reflect a more aggressive biologic potential and may play a role in tumor immune surveillance mechanisms. PMID: 17509674 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Malignant ovarian tumor composed of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, yolk sac tumor and immature teratoma with prominent neuroectodermal and rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation: A case study.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION.: No previous cases with an identical composition have been found in the literature. Correct diagnosis of this complex and aggressive tumor is paramount. PMID: 17341430 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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From Krukenberg to Today: The Ever Present Problems Posed by Metastatic Tumors in the Ovary. Part II

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Mon, 30 Apr 2007 23:00:00 +0100

This is the second of a two-part consideration of metastatic tumors to the ovary. Here, the matter is considered in 16 categories, largely site-specific. The first tumor discussed is gastric carcinoma of intestinal-type whose ovarian manifestations have been the subject of a recent paper which emphasized its differences from the Krukenberg tumor. Coverage of intestinal adenocarcinoma emphasizes the landmark 1987 paper of RH Lash and WR Hart. The section on pancreatic neoplasms reemphasizes the problems caused by metastatic ductal carcinoma, considered primarily in Part I, and discusses less common issues such as spread of neuroendocrine and acinar cell carcinomas. The limited information on spread of tumors of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts is then reviewed before more detaile...

[Article] Mouse Model of Human Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Based on Somatic Defects in the Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/Pten Signaling Pathways

Cancer Cell — Tue, 10 Apr 2007 00:00:00 +0100

By Rong Wu, Neali Hendrix-Lucas, Rork Kuick, Yali Zhai, Donald R. Schwartz, Aytekin Akyol, Samir Hanash, David E. Misek, Hidetaka Katabuchi, Bart O. Williams, Eric R. Fearon, and Kathleen R. Cho. One histologic subtype of ovarian carcinoma, ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OEA), frequently harbors mutations that constitutively activate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent signaling. We now show that defects in the... (Source: Cancer Cell)

Localized amyloidosis in endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus: a rare association

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 05 Apr 2007 07:56:28 +0100

Conclusion This is an unusual case of amyloidosis associated with endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus. Content TypeJournal Article JournalArchives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnline ISSN 1432-0711Print ISSN 0932-0067 (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

Immunocytochemistry for hepatocyte nuclear factor-1[beta] (HNF-1[beta]): A marker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Recent microarray studies have shown that the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1[beta] (HNF-1[beta]) was significantly up-regulated in clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary. HNF-1[beta] may be a useful marker for CCC in peritoneal fluid cytology. We designed an experimental study using three CCC cell lines to evaluate the influence of alcohol fixation or air drying on immunocytochemistry for HNF-1[beta]. Each cell line was cultured on chamber slides or transplanted into the abdominal cavity of nude mice, then the slides or ascites smears of nude mice were immunostained with or without microwave-mediated epitope retrieval. Immunoreactivity with HNF-1[beta], which was either alcohol-fixed or air-dried, was noticeably improved after microwave heating. In contrast, two serous adenocar...

Accuracy of preoperative endometrial sampling for the detection of high-grade endometrial tumors.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 01 Mar 2007 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Preoperative endometrial sampling with Pipelle or curettage is sensitive and accurate for the diagnosis of high-grade endometrial tumors, including tumors with nonendometrioid histology. PMID: 17346538 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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Human growth hormone and interleukin-6 are upregulated in endometriosis and endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Acta Histochemica — Mon, 22 Jan 2007 19:24:03 +0100

Authors: Slater M, Cooper M, Murphy CR In this retrospective and quantitated study on banked tissue we found that, compared to normal uterine epithelial cells, growth hormone (GH) is increased 3.4-fold in endometriosis and 3.8-fold in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Similarly, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is increased 2.4-fold in endometriosis and 4.4-fold in endometrial adenocarcinoma. These proteins appear to be involved in the progression of both these conditions. GH is particularly interesting in this context since it is known to not only promote cellular proliferation but also reduces cell-cell adhesion, thus allowing individual cells to break away from their parent architecture. Our results suggest that both IL-6 and GH may play a role in the progression of both endometriosis and endometrial...

Drosophila split ends Homologue SHARP Functions as a Positive Regulator of Wnt/{beta}-Catenin/T-Cell Factor Signaling in Neoplastic Transformation

Cancer Research — Thu, 18 Jan 2007 07:00:00 +0100

Wnt ligands have pleiotropic and context-specific roles in embryogenesis and adult tissues. Among other effects, certain Wnts stabilize the ßbeta;-catenin protein, leading to the ability of ßbeta;-catenin to activate T-cell factor (TCF)-mediated transcription. Mutations resulting in constitutive ßbeta;-catenin stabilization underlie development of several human cancers. Genetic studies in Drosophila highlighted the split ends (spen) gene as a positive regulator of Wnt-dependent signaling. We have assessed the role of SHARP, a human homologue of spen, in Wnt/ßbeta;-catenin/TCF function in mammalian cells. We found that SHARP gene and protein expression is elevated in human colon and ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas and mouse colon adenomas and carcinomas carrying gen...

Endometrial carcinoma recurring as carcinosarcoma: report of two cases.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100

We describe two cases of high grade endometrial carcinomas recurring as carcinosarcoma, thus providing evidence that the metaplastic sarcomatous evolution is a very rare event which can occur in patients with anaplastic endometrial cancer. PMID: 17646054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Pathology, Research and Practice)

Hypoxia and angiogenesis in endometrioid endometrial carcinogenesis.

Cellular Oncology — Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: HIF-1alpha and its downstream genes are increasingly expressed from normal through premalignant to endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, paralleled by activation of its downstream genes and increased angiogenesis. This underlines the potential importance of hypoxia and its key regulator HIF-1alpha in endometrial carcinogenesis. PMID: 17452774 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Oncology)

Very early stage adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis in the uterus.

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This case report presents evidence that adenocarcinoma may a rise de novo from an adenomyotic lesion in the uterus. PMID: 17175497 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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Synchronous occurrence of primary neoplasms in the uterus with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Synchronous genital tract neoplasms are rare but cause more clinical problems than a single neoplasm. It is practical to pay more attention to the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumors. The second primary cancer that occurs in an individual with endometrial cancer may offer an opportunity for early detection. The prognosis for a patient with synchronous gynecologic malignancies does not seem to be worse. PMID: 17175494 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Case report of malignant endometrial polyps

Gynecological Surgery — Thu, 21 Sep 2006 10:05:52 +0100

Abstract The aims of this retrospective review were to determine the frequency of malignant endometrial polyps diagnosed with ambulatory hysteroscopy in the Obstetrics/ Gynaecology Department of HDE, Lisbon, between January 2001 and December 2005 and to characterize these cases according to risk factors, sonographic and endoscopic findings tumoral histology, and tumor stage. We found seven cases of malignant endometrial polyps in a total of 1333 polyps initially diagnosed: an incidence rate of 0. 53%. These seven patients had a mean age of 68 years (55–82 years), and all were postmenopausal, with five having one risk factor each for endometrial cancer. Metrorrhagia was present in six of the seven patients (85.7%). Ultrasonography was abnormal in all seven patients, with a mean endome...

p16, p14, p53, cyclin D1, and steroid hormone receptor expression and human papillomaviruses analysis in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Tue, 01 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100

Authors: Horn LC, Richter CE, Einenkel J, Tannapfel A, Liebert UG, Leo C Pathogenetically, endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the endometrium are associated with hyperestrogenism and serous papillary carcinomas with alterations of p53. The etiology of primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however, is speculative. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of p14, p16, p53, cyclin D1, steroid hormone receptors, and human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection in the pathogenesis of primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of p16, p14, p53, cyclin D1, and steroid hormone receptors (estrogen, progesterone, and androgen) was examined immunohistochemically in 8 primary ESCCs. HPV analysis was performed using general primers and HPV typing. The median age of t...

The role of radiation therapy in locally advanced endometrial cancer.

Seminars in Radiation Oncology — Fri, 14 Jul 2006 06:00:00 +0100

This article addresses the role of adjuvant radiation therapy for these locally advanced high-risk endometrial cancer patients. In addition, this article reviews the current data and treatment approaches using radiation therapy in the management of these high-risk patients. PMID: 16814155 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Seminars in Radiation Oncology)

[Gynecologic Cancer] HER-2 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Endometrial Cancer: Association With Outcome in a Large Cohort of Surgically Staged Patients

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 18 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Our results would suggest that HER-2 is an important oncogene in high grade and stage endometrial cancer, but plays only a minor role in the much more common low grade and stage tumors that encompass the majority of clinical practice. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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p16 Expression in the Female Genital Tract and Its Value in Diagnosis

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 +0100

p16 is a cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor that is expressed in a limited range of normal tissues and tumors. In recent years, immunohistochemistry with p16 antibodies has been used as a diagnostic aid in various scenarios in gynecologic pathology. Diffuse (as opposed to focal) positivity with p16 in the cervix can be regarded as a surrogate marker of the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). In cervical squamous lesions, p16 is positive in most high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in some cases of low-grade CIN, usually those associated with high-risk HPV. p16 may be useful to identify small focal high-grade CIN lesions, to distinguish some cases of CIN involving immature metaplastic squamous epithelium from immature metaplastic squamous epithelium not inv...

Low-grade metaplastic adenocarcinoma (carcinosarcoma) of the uterus: report of an unusual case.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology — Thu, 01 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zamecnik M, Sokol L, Michal M An unusual low-grade metaplastic carcinoma (müllerian carcinosarcoma) of the uterine corpus occurring in a 45-year-old woman is presented. The tumor was polypoid and showed an initial invasion into the myometrium. The epithelial component was composed of low-grade endometrioid glands that focally showed an unusual oxyphilic change of the cytoplasm. These cells contained only a small amount of mitochondria detected with antimitochondrial antibody. The stromal component contained small round cells of bland appearance and appeared to arise from epithelial cells through a metaplastic process, as a gradual transition between epithelial and stromal cells was often seen. An invasive marginal zone of the tumor showed endometrioid adenocarcinoma pattern w...

Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Uterine Corpus: A Review of Its Pathology With Emphasis on Recent Advances and Problematic Aspects

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Wed, 01 May 2002 00:00:00 +0100

Summary: This review considers the pathologic features of endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus, which accounts for approximately 80% of endometrial adenocarcinomas, with an emphasis on its histologic features, recent advances, and problematic aspects. In addition to typical endometrioid carcinoma, the variants of endometrioid carcinoma covered include secretory carcinoma, villoglandular endometrioid carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma with small nonvillous papillae, endometrioid carcinomas with microglandular and sertoliform patterns, and endometrioid carcinomas with metaplastic changes. These changes include a variety of different appearances of squamous epithelia (ranging from mature and keratinizing to immature with only subtle evidence of a squamous nature), clear cells, surface ...

A rare case of granulosa cell tumor with coexistent endometrioid adenocarcinoma in a young woman

International Journal of Students Research — Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 +0100

Granulosa cell tumor is a sex cord-stromal tumor of the ovary derived from non-germ elements. These lesions occur most frequently in menopausal or postmenopausal women and its association with endometrial carcinoma is seen only in less than 5% of these cases. We herein report a rare case of adult type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary with coexistent endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 35 year old, married Indian female. (Source: International Journal of Students Research)