MedWorm: Gallbladder Cancer

Correlation of LAPTM4B polymorphisms with gallbladder carcinoma susceptibility in Chinese patients

Medical Oncology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:09 +0100

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of LAPTM4B allelic variation and GBC susceptibility. LAPTM4B genotype was analyzed in 155 healthy individuals and 91 GBC patients by PCR, and the genotypic distribution of LAPTM4B was analyzed with the chi-squared test. The frequency of allele *2 was 37.9 and 24.8% in the GBC and the control groups, respectively, representing a significant difference between these two groups (P < 0.001). LAPTM4B allele *2 may be a risk factor associated with genetic susceptibility to GBC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s12032-012-0173-4Authors Hua Yang, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 ChinaGuojun Zhai, Department of Interventional R...

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Significance of IgG4‐positive cells in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular mechanism of IgG4 reaction in cancer tissue

Hepatology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is often accompanied by the significant infiltration of IgG4‐positive cells. Cholangiocarcinoma cells could play the role of non‐professional APCs and Foxp3‐positive regulatory cells, inducing IgG4 reactions via the production of IL‐10 indirectly and directly, respectively. (HEPATOLOGY 2012.) (Source: Hepatology)

Technical description of a regional lymphadenectomy in radical surgery for gallbladder cancer

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 20:47:58 +0100

Conclusion: A systematic approach towards a regional lymphadenectomy ensures a consistent nodal harvest in patients undergoing radical resection for gallbladder cancer. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Reappraisal of Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy as a Treatment Modality for Bile Duct and Gallbladder Cancer

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:56:09 +0100

Conclusions To obtain negative proximal and distal ductal resection margins in the biliary tract cancer, R0 resection and long-term survival can be achieved by hepatopancreatoduodenectomy. However, its adoption in patients with lymph node metastasis or adjacent organ invasion cannot be recommended. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11605-012-1826-5Authors Chang-Sup Lim, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 KoreaJin-Young Jang, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 KoreaSeung Eun Lee, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-g...

Gallbladder Cancer in Native Americans Versus Non-Hispanic Whites Earlier and More Deadly?

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:30:12 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Usefulness and pitfalls of MAA SPECT/CT in identifying digestive extrahepatic uptake when planning liver radioembolization

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 06:42:34 +0100

Conclusion SPECT/CT is more efficacious than planar imaging in identifying digestive extrahepatic uptake sites, with extrahepatic uptake observed in one third of scans using the former procedure. However, more than half of the uptake sites in our study were vascular in nature, without therapeutic implications. The risk of coregistration errors must also be kept in mind. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00259-011-2033-4Authors Laurence Lenoir, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Institute Eugène Marquis, CS 44229, 35042 Rennes, FranceJulien Edeline, University of Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, FranceYann Rolland, Department of Medical Imaging, Comprehensive Cancer Institute Eugène Marquis, CS 44229, 35042 Rennes, ...

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Many 'healthy snacks' are high in calories

NHS News Feed — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 16:30:00 +0100

It is the time of year when research about diet and exercise makes a big splash in the headlines, but today the Daily Mail warned that dieters should steer clear of seemingly healthy dips and spreads that are actually high in calories. The newspaper highlighted warnings that hummus, which is widely thought to be healthy, has a surprisingly high calorie content. Despite its high fat and energy content, a recent survey of Britons showed that two-thirds of people underestimate the number of calories in the chickpea dip. The survey was commissioned by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), which says that people can still be confused about the calorie content of everyday foods, which can affect weight and therefore cancer risk. The WCRF says that the situation is not helped by the application ...

Response

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 12:50:19 +0100

We would like to thank Dr Enver Zerem for his insightful editorial to our article. We would like to provide some additional perspective on his commentary. To treat acute cholecystitis, percutaneous catheter drainage is now the definitive treatment for patients who are not candidates for cholecystectomy. Percutaneous catheter drainage also can be a time-saving bridge treatment for preoperative preparation of and stabilization of high-risk operative patients. However, for patients with limited life expectancy because of advanced malignancy—not in healthy people—external catheter use is an unwelcome treatment because of catheter-related pain, bile bag management, and cosmetic problems that reduce quality of life. The frequent recurrence of cholecystitis following catheter removal also is...

Phase III study evaluates addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine and oxaliplatin for advanced biliary-tract cancer

NeLM - News — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Lancet Oncology Area: News According to the results of a study published early online in the Lancet Oncology, the addition of erlotinib to chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin does not increase progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with advanced biliary-tract cancer. The authors note that combination treatment with gemcitabine and a platinum-based agent is considered the standard first-line treatment for advanced biliary-tract cancer. Prognosis is however still poor, with overall survival <12 months when patients with locally advanced disease are included. The EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, either alone or in combination, has shown promising results in Phase II studies of patients with advanced biliary cancer; this was the basis of the curren...

Frequent Mutation of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and IDH2 in Cholangiocarcinoma Identified Through Broad-Based Tumor Genotyping.

The Oncologist — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Borger DR, Tanabe KK, Fan KC, Lopez HU, Fantin VR, Straley KS, Schenkein DP, Hezel AF, Ancukiewicz M, Liebman HM, Kwak EL, Clark JW, Ryan DP, Deshpande V, Dias-Santagata D, Ellisen LW, Zhu AX, Iafrate AJ Abstract AbstractCancers of origin in the gallbladder and bile ducts are rarely curable with current modalities of cancer treatment. Our clinical application of broad-based mutational profiling for patients diagnosed with a gastrointestinal malignancy has led to the novel discovery of mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in tumors from a subset of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 287 tumors from gastrointestinal cancer patients (biliary tract, colorectal, gastroesophageal, liver, pancreatic, and small intestine carcinoma) were tested...

Side population cells in human gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD regulated by TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology -- Medical Sciences -- — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 16:45:05 +0100

In conclusion, TGF-β-induced EMT by smad-dependent signaling pathway promotes cancer development and anti-cancer drug resistant phenotype by augmenting the abundance of GBC-SD SP cells, and a better understanding of mechanisms involved in TGF-β-induced EMT may provide a novel strategy for preventing cancer progression. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 749-755DOI 10.1007/s11596-011-0671-1Authors Zhifa Zhang, Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 ChinaFeng Zhu, Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 ChinaLing Xiao, Department of Chemical and Materials, College of Science,...

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Studies of the Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors, Report 14, 1950-2003: An Overview of Cancer and Noncancer Diseases.

Radiation Research — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ozasa K, Shimizu Y, Suyama A, Kasagi F, Soda M, Grant EJ, Sakata R, Sugiyama H, Kodama K Abstract This is the 14th report in a series of periodic general reports on mortality in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation to investigate the late health effects of the radiation from the atomic bombs. During the period 1950-2003, 58% of the 86,611 LSS cohort members with DS02 dose estimates have died. The 6 years of additional follow-up since the previous report provide substantially more information at longer periods after radiation exposure (17% more cancer deaths), especially among those under age 10 at exposure (58% more deaths). Poisson regression methods were used to investigate the magnitude of the ra...

Selected medical conditions and risk of pancreatic cancer

Molecular Carcinogenesis — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 11:13:15 +0100

AbstractWe review the current evidence for associations of several medical conditions with risk of pancreatic cancer, including allergies, pancreatitis, gall bladder disease, cholecystectomy, ulcers, gastrectomy, appendectomy, and tonsillectomy. There are consistent findings of reduced risk associated with presence of self‐reported allergies, particularly hay fever but not asthma; data on other allergies are limited and inconclusive. Several studies provide evidence that patients with pancreatic cancer are more likely than comparison groups to report pancreatitis. Those studies that investigated the time between onset of pancreatitis and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer found that risk estimates declined with longer periods of time; however, increased risks were noted for long‐term pancr...

Gallbladder cancer: Can newer insights improve the outcome?

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTGallbladder cancer (GBC) is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in certain geographic areas. Most of the patients with GBC have advanced disease at presentation, precluding curative resection resulting in a dismal prognosis. However, recent advances in the understanding of its epidemiology and pathogenesis coupled with development of newer diagnostic tools and therapeutic options, has resulted in enhanced optimism towards the management of the disease.The leading risk factors are gallstones, advancing age, female gender, anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction, certain ethnic groups and geographic populations. Advances in radiological imaging and advent of endoscopic ultrasound have facilitated early detection and accurate staging of the tumor. A high index of suspic...

Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi- a case-control Study

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GC) is a relatively rare malignancy worldwide but is the second commonest gastrointestinal cancer in Pakistani women. Gallstones have a positive association with GC but other associated risk factors have been identified. Methods: This is a retrospective case control study over a period of 19 years. The cases (Group A) were patients with histopathological proven carcinoma gallbladder (N=60) and controls were patients with cholelithiasis but no carcinoma gallbladder on histopathology (N=120). Multivariate regression analysis was done to calculate the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and P-Value. A positive relationship was found between size of stone >1cm, solitary stone, age > 55 years and multi-parity in women. Results: There were 60 patients in Group ...

Effects of Matrine on Proliferation and Apoptosis in Gallbladder Carcinoma Cells (GBC‐SD)

Phytotherapy Research — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Although matrine, a primary active component of dried Sophora flavescens root (ku shen), is known to induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells in vitro, the molecular mechanism of such apoptosis remains elusive. This analysis of the cell cycle and apoptosis in matrine‐treated human gallbladder carcinoma cells (GBC‐SD) showed that matrine can indeed inhibit cell proliferation and induce G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. An additional western blot analysis of matrine‐treated cells also showed caspase‐3 and Bcl‐2 activation, as well as cyclinE down‐regulation. Overall, the results indicate that matrine perturbs gallbladder cancer cell progression during the G1 phase by down‐regulating cyclinE and induces apoptosis by decreasing the e...

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Nomogram for Predicting the Benefit of Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Resected Gallbladder Cancer [Gastrointestinal Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A nomogram built from a parametric survival model from the SEER-Medicare database can be used as a decision aid to predict which gallbladder patients may benefit from adjuvant CRT. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

NDRG2 down-regulation and CD24 up-regulation promote tumor aggravation and poor survival in patients with gallbladder carcinoma

Medical Oncology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 19:22:11 +0100

Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated that N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) may reduce the metastatic potential of breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating the expression of CD24, which is expressed in a large variety of solid tumors. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical value of NDRG2 and CD24 expression in primary gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). One hundred and thirty GBC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for NDRG2 and CD24 expression. The associations of NDRG2 and CD24 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and the overall survival of patients with GBC were analyzed. NDRG2 and CD24 were positively expressed in 49/130 (37.69%) and 107/130 (82.31%) of GBC tissues, respectively. In addition, the tum...

Primary sclerosing cholangitis and malignancy

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Gastroenterology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Cholangiocarcinoma complicates primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in approximately 10% of cases, but no risk factor that can identify this subgroup of patients is known. No imaging modalities or serum tumour markers that can diagnose early cholangiocarcinoma are available, but endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with brush cytology is recommended when clinically indicated. Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant therapy is carried out in specialist centres in cases of limited stage cancer. Transplantation should also be considered in patients with biliary dysplasia without evident tumour. Gallbladder polyps in PSC are often malignant, and liberal indication for cholecystectomy is recommended. Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in 2%–4% of patients with end-stage liver disease. Patients...

Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Biliary Drainage to Reduce Bilirubin for Administration of Chemotherapy

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Purpose: To describe outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous biliary drainage to reduce total serum bilirubin level for administration of chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 647 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous biliary drainage between September 2001 and December 2008. In 168, the indication for biliary drainage was to decrease total serum bilirubin level to permit administration of chemotherapy. Of these, 20 were excluded because they had hepatic arterial infusion pumps, leaving 148 patients as the study group. The primary diagnoses for these patients were gallbladder cancer (n = 23), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 21), pancreatic cancer (n = 36), and other metastatic cancers (n = 68). Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed for demographic data, procedur...

Lung Cancer In Mice Halted By Milk Thistle

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 09:00:00 +0100

Tissue with wound-like conditions allows tumors to grow and spread. In mouse lung cancer cells, treatment with silibinin, a major component of milk thistle, removed the molecular billboards that signal these wound-like conditions and so stopped the spread of these lung cancers, according to a recent study published in the journal Molecular Carcinogenesis. Though the natural extract has been used for more than 2,000 years, mostly to treat disorders of the liver and gallbladder, this is one of the first carefully controlled and reported studies to find benefit... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Long-term follow-up of phase II trial of docetaxel and cisplatin with concurrent thoracic radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Acta Oncologica — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Thirty-one percent of locally advanced patients having NSCLC treated with docetaxel and cisplatin and concurrent thoracic radiation survived beyond five years. Progression-free patients might be cautiously followed up taking precautions against emerging pneumonia. PMID: 22085375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oncologica)

Radioembolization versus Standard Care of Hepatic Metastases: Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study of Survival Outcomes and Adverse Events in Salvage Patients

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present study suggests that radioembolization shows promise as an effective and safe treatment for patients with chemotherapy-refractory hepatic metastases and improves overall survival in a select population of patients in a salvage setting compared with best supportive care alone. (Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR)

New Topic Page: Bile Duct Cancer

What's New on MedlinePlus — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 20:55:51 +0100

Visit the new MedlinePlus Health Topic page on Bile Duct Cancer. Your liver makes a substance called bile that helps with digestion. Your gallbladder stores it until you need it to digest fat. Then your gallbladder pushes the bile into tubes called bile ducts. They carry the bile to your small intestine... (Source: What's New on MedlinePlus)

'English' diet could save lives in rest of UK

NHS News Feed — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 17:25:00 +0100

Conclusion This study suggests that improving the average diet in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland could reduce variations in disease mortality rates across the UK. This modelling study was based on observational data, so the results should be interpreted cautiously and considered as theoretical estimates only. The study had several limitations, stemming from weaknesses in modelling as well as limitations to the underlying observational research: Models rely on theoretical scenarios, and can only estimate how diseases occur and progress in the real world. Multiple factors contribute to the development of the illnesses examined here, and diet is only one of them. Smoking, drinking alcohol, exercise habits and genetics are all risk factors for cardiovascular disease, strokes and certa...

Synchronous primary gall bladder carcinoma and renal transitional cell carcinoma in the same patient: A rare case

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Gaurav Aggarwal, Bhakti Sarang, Nobhojit Roy, Satish Mishra, Anita GadgilJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2011 7(3):350-352 (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

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Expressions of cell junction regulatory proteins and their association with clinicopathologic parameters in benign and malignant gallbladder lesions.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study assessed the association of the expression of these proteins in lesions of gallbladder with clinicopathologic data. Tissue sections from adenocarcinoma, peritumoral tissues, adenomatous polyp and chronic cholecystitis were immunohistochemically analyzed for expression of claudin-1, occludin, E-cadherin and snail proteins. Expression of claudin-1, occludin and E-cadherin was significantly lower in adenocarcinoma than in peritumoral tissues, adenomatous polyp or chronic cholecystitis. Expression of snail was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in peritumoral tissues, adenomatous polyp or chronic cholecystitis. Furthermore, expression of claudin-1, occludin and E-cadherin was significantly higher in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, defined by a maximal tumor size <2 c...

Menstrual factors and cancer risk among Korean women

International Journal of Epidemiology — Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion These findings suggest that female hormonal factors play a significant role in the development of cancer in Korean women. (Source: International Journal of Epidemiology)

Aspirin 'blocks genetic bowel cancer'

NHS News Feed — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 17:45:00 +0100

Conclusion This was a well-designed long-term trial. It examined the effect of regular aspirin consumption on bowel cancer rates in a specific group of patients with a raised risk of developing bowel and other cancers. The results indicate that regular treatment with aspirin is an effective method of preventing bowel cancer in this group of high-risk patients. The study had several strengths, particularly related to design of the trial. For example, even at the end of the study neither the participants nor investigators were made aware of which individuals had received aspirin and which had received placebo. This helps ensure an unbiased analysis of long-term follow-up data, increasing the confidence we can have in the results. There are, however, several things to consider when interpreti...

Clinicopathologic features of advanced gallbladder cancer associated with adenomyomatosis

Virchows Archiv — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 17:17:37 +0100

Abstract Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder has not been considered to have malignant potential, but gross features of adenomyomatosis are sometimes encountered in gallbladders resected under a diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinicopathologic features and survival rates in cases of gallbladder cancer with gross features of adenomyomatosis. The study subjects were 97 surgically treated gallbladder carcinoma patients. Only gallbladder showing typical gross features of adenomyomatosis was judged as adenomyomatosis-positive gallbladder cancer. In terms of gross findings, 25 cases (25.8%) were classified as adenomyomatosis-positive. The status of adenomyomatosis was significantly associated with the T stage (P = 0.0004), ly...

Comparison of Adiposity Measures as Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:The adiposity measure most useful for stratifying persons on the basis of risk depends on the outcome of interest. When the outcome is diabetes or hypertension in postmenopausal women, the best indication of risk is a combination BMI and WHR. PMID: 22031525 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

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Liver Parasite Lacks Key Genes For Fatty Acid Synthesis: Genome Sequencing Of Clonorchis Sinensis

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 07:00:00 +0100

The human liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis affects more than 35 million people in South East Asia and 15 million in China. Infection by this parasite causes clonorchiasis. Repeated or chronic infection can lead to serious disease of the liver, gall bladder or bile ducts, including the frequently fatal bile duct cancer - cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The complete genome sequence the genome of C... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Inhibitory effect of Survivin promoter-regulated oncolytic adenovirus carrying P53 gene against gallbladder cancer

Molecular Oncology — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Gene therapy has become an important strategy for treatment of malignancies, but problems remains concerning the low gene transferring efficiency, poor transgene expression and limited targeting specific tumors, which have greatly hampered the clinical application of tumor gene therapy. Gallbladder cancer is characterized by rapid progress, poor prognosis, and aberrantly high expression of Survivin. In the present study, we used a human tumor-specific Survivin promoter-regulated oncolytic adenovirus vector carrying P53 gene, whose anti-cancer effect has been widely confirmed, to construct a wide spectrum, specific, safe, effective gene-viral therapy system, AdSurp-P53. Examining expression of enhanced green fluorecent protein (EGFP), E1A and the target gene P53 in the oncolytic a...

Renal Cell Carcinoma with Synchronous Metastasis to the Calcaneus and Metachronous Metastases to the Ovary and Gallbladder

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 15:02:52 +0100

We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who initially presented in 1992 with a metastasis in the left calcaneus that led to the discovery of RCC. In 1998, a new metastasis was found in the ovary. In 2008, the diagnosis of a gallbladder metastasis was made. All metastases were surgically removed; no additional systemic therapies were used. Aggressive surgical treatment can prolong the survival of patients with resectable metastases. Patterns of metastasis are discussed, and a brief review of the literature is given regarding each localization. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology)

Reassessing the Need for Prophylactic Surgery in Patients With Porcelain Gallbladder: Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Porcelain gallbladder is only weakly associated with GBC. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is not indicated for PGB alone and should be performed only in patients with conventional indications for cholecystectomy. A laparoscopic approach is appropriate for most patients with a PGB. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Porcelain Gallbladder and Risk of Gallbladder Cancer: Comment on "Reassessing the Need for Prophylactic Surgery in Patients With Porcelain Gallbladder" [Invited Critique]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Archives of Surgery)

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Choledochal Cyst and Associated Malignant Tumors in Adults: A Multicenter Survey in South Korea [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Associated biliary malignant tumor should always be considered in patients with choledochal cyst, especially in aged patients or patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union or an elevated tumor marker level. Lifelong follow-up is needed even after complete cyst excision because of the risk of the development of a metachronous biliary malignant tumor. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Genetic abberations in gallbladder cancer

Surgical Oncology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the most common type of biliary tract carcinoma and the third commonest digestive tract malignancy in our region. Studies available in literature do not clearly define the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of GBC. Most of these studies are limited to protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and only a few have been done on mRNA (messenger RNA) and mutation analysis. This review aims to critically analyze all the available evidence on genetic aberrations in gallbladder carcinoma. (Source: Surgical Oncology)

Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Users of Bisphosphonates and Other Antiresorptive Drugs Against Osteoporosis

Calcified Tissue International — Sat, 15 Oct 2011 15:46:35 +0100

Abstract We studied the association between bisphosphonate use and risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in a nationwide retrospective cohort from Denmark. All users of bisphosphonates and other drugs against osteoporosis between 1996 and 2006 (n = 103,562) were used as the exposed group, with three age- and gender-matched controls from the general population (n = 310,683) as the nonexposed group. The main outcome was occurrence of cancer of the esophagus, ventricle, small intestine, colon, pancreas, gallbladder or bile duct, or liver. Except for colon cancer, most of the GI cancers were rare. For clodronate and raloxifene, no excess risk was present for any of the GI cancers. For alendronate, an excess risk of esophageal and liver cancer was observed; ho...

Regional lymphadenectomy strongly recommended in T1b gallbladder cancer.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This article discusses the adequate treatment of early gallbladder cancer (T1a, T1b) and is based on published studies extending over nearly 3 decades. Randomized studies and meta analyses comparing different surgical treatments do not exist. The literature shows that in up to 20% of patients lymph node metastasis are found in T1b gallbladder cancer. Due to high malignancy with early angiolymphatic spread and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation on the one hand, and the relative low operative risk of extended cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy and regional lymphadenectomy) on the other hand, we believe that this procedure is mandatory in early gallbladder cancer. PMID: 22090793 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Liver, Gallbladder, and Biliary Tract Cancers

Cancer Network — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 12:00:00 +0100

Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common malignancy and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. (Source: Cancer Network)

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Randomized Trial of Tamoxifen Versus Combined Tamoxifen and Octreotide LAR Therapy in the Adjuvant Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: NCIC CTG MA.14 [Breast Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Octreotide-related changes in circulating IGF-1 and C-peptide levels were statistically significant. Octreotide did not add significant clinical benefit. High C-peptide levels (surrogate for insulin secretion rate) and high BMI were associated with poor outcome. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Prevalence of the alternative lengthening of telomeres telomere maintenance mechanism in human cancer subtypes.

The American Journal of Pathology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Heaphy CM, Subhawong AP, Hong SM, Goggins MG, Montgomery EA, Gabrielson E, Netto GJ, Epstein JI, Lotan TL, Westra WH, Shih IeM, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Maitra A, Li QK, Eberhart CG, Taube JM, Rakheja D, Kurman RJ, Wu TC, Roden RB, Argani P, De Marzo AM, Terracciano L, Torbenson M, Meeker AK Abstract Approximately 10% to 15% of human cancers lack detectable telomerase activity, and a subset of these maintain telomere lengths by the telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanism termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). The ALT phenotype, relatively common in subtypes of sarcomas and astrocytomas, has rarely been reported in epithelial malignancies. However, the prevalence of ALT has not been thoroughly assessed across all cancer types. We therefore comprehensi...

High‐grade dysplasia of the cystic duct margin in the absence of malignancy after cholecystectomy

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: High‐grade dysplasia at the cystic duct margin without evidence of invasive gallbladder cancer is rare. Patients with this finding should undergo cross‐sectional imaging and a diagnosis of an underlying cholangiocarcinoma should be considered, especially if imaging reveals any abnormalities. (Source: HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association)

Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in members of the Turkish population with gallstone disease.

The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The incidence of incidental gallbladder cancer has been reported to vary, up to 2.85%. In this single-center study, the rate of incidental gallbladder cancer was found to be 0.09%. Female gender and advanced age are demographic risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma. Although gallbladder cancer is well known for its poor prognosis, tumors that are incidentally diagnosed are often found at an early stage and have a better prognosis. PMID: 22234759 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)

MTDH and EphA7 are markers for metastasis and poor prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, the expression of metadherin (MTDH) and erythropoietin‐producing hepatoma‐amplified sequence (Eph) receptor A7 (EphA7) in 96 benign and 108 malignant lesions of gallbladder was determined by immunohistochemistry, and their correlations with pathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Positive expression of EphA7 and MTDH was significantly higher in gallbladder adenocarcinoma than in benign lesions. In adenocarcinoma, the positive expression of EphA7 and MTDH was significantly associated with differentiation, tumor mass, lymphnode metastasis, invasion, and overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that positive expression of EphA7 and MTDH was an independent poor‐prognostic predictor in gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The elevated expression of...

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Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the gallbladder: A possible stem cell tumor?

Pain Physician — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 14:00:26 +0100

Authors: Mondolfi AE, Slova D, Fan W, Attiyeh FF, Afthinos J, Reidy J, Pang Y, Theise ND Abstract A 48 year-old African American woman presented to her physician complaining of a rapidly evolving epigastric and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. A PET-CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated hypermetabolic, polypoid masses within the gallbladder and several tumors in the left lobe of the liver for which she underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. The gallbladder revealed a 3.5 × 3.3 × 2.4 tan-brown exophytic mass located at the fundus and growing into the lumen with multiple contiguous papillary projections arising from the mucosal surface. A concurrent large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was revealed histologically. There was shared...

Rsf‐1/HBXAP overexpression is associated with disease‐specific survival of patients with gallbladder carcinoma

APMIS — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Chen T‐J, Huang S‐C, Huang H‐Y, Wei Y‐C, Li C‐F. Rsf‐1/HBXAP overexpression is associated with disease‐specific survival of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. APMIS 2011.Dysregulated chromatin remodeling often leads to abnormal gene expression or silencing in cells, thereby implicating tumor development and progression. As a subunit of remodeling and spacing factor (RSF) complex, Rsf‐1, a novel nuclear protein with histone chaperon function, mediates ATPase‐dependent chromatin remodeling and confer tumor aggressiveness in common carcinomas. We aimed, for the first time, to evaluate the Rsf‐1 expression status and its associations with clinicopathological features and patient survival in a well characterized cohort of gallbladder carcinomas. Using tissue microarray‐b...

Biliary Dyskinesia as a Rare Presentation of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: A Case Report

Journal of Oncology — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 17:47:01 +0100

Conclusion. This case clearly signifies the nature of the micrometastatic foci of the invasive lobular carcinoma even many years after a successful treatment. (Source: Journal of Oncology)

Clinicopathological significance of altered Notch signaling in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Aberrant expression of Notch receptors 1 and 3 play a role during cancer progression, and cytoplasmic nuclear coexistence of DLL4 expression correlates with poor survival in extrahepatic CC and gallbladder carcinoma. PMID: 22046092 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Prostate stem cell antigen, a presumable organ‐dependent tumor suppressor gene, is down‐regulated in gallbladder carcinogenesis

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Metallic Stent Placement in the Palliative Treatment of Malignant Colonic Obstructions: Primary Colonic versus Extracolonic Malignancies

Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Metallic stent placement was clinically effective in the palliative treatment of colonic obstructions in patients with primary colorectal cancer and patients with extracolonic malignancies. (Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR)

Researchers Report New Understanding Of Role Of Telomeres In Tumor Growth

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 05 Sep 2011 07:00:00 +0100

The first report of the presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in cancers arising from the bladder, cervix, endometrium, esophagus, gallbladder, liver, and lung was published in The American Journal of Pathology. The presence of ALT in carcinomas can be used as a diagnostic marker and has implications for the development of anti-cancer drug therapies. Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of chromosomes. During normal cell division, these telomeres become shorter with each division, potentially resulting in cell death... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Understanding Telomeres May Have Potential For Some Cancer Therapies

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 04 Sep 2011 18:00:00 +0100

The American Journal of Pathology published the first report of the presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) that can be used as a diagnostic indicator and could be significant for developing anti-cancer therapies for cancers in the bladder, cervix, endometrium, esophagus, gallbladder, liver, and lung... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Researchers report new understanding of role of telomeres in tumor growth

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Elsevier Health Sciences) The first report of the presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in cancers arising from the bladder, cervix, endometrium, esophagus, gallbladder, liver, and lung was published today in The American Journal of Pathology. The presence of ALT in carcinomas can be used as a diagnostic marker and has implications for the development of anti-cancer drug therapies. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Clinical Usefulness of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Gallbladder Wall Thickening

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:57:24 +0100

Conclusions The diagnostic power of EUS for differentiating neoplastic and non-neoplastic GB wall thickening could be improved by the appropriate application of some EUS variables. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1870-0Authors Hong Joo Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 108, Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul, 110-746 South KoreaJung Ho Park, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 108, Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul, 110-746 South KoreaDong Il Park, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 108, Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul, 110...

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Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the gallbladder: A possible stem cell tumor?

Pathology International — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

A 48 year‐old African American woman presented to her physician complaining of a rapidly evolving epigastric and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. A PET‐CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated hypermetabolic, polypoid masses within the gallbladder and several tumors in the left lobe of the liver for which she underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. The gallbladder revealed a 3.5 × 3.3 × 2.4 tan‐brown exophytic mass located at the fundus and growing into the lumen with multiple contiguous papillary projections arising from the mucosal surface. A concurrent large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder was revealed histologically. There was shared reactivity to antibodies directed against the distinct antigens for each morphological component wi...

Adjuvant radio-chemotherapy after extended or simple cholecystectomy in gallbladder cancer

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:55:30 +0100

Conclusions In the absence of randomised studies, these data support the use of extended cholecystectomy followed by adjuvant RT-CT in patients diagnosed as stages T1b-2-3N0-1M0 GBC after R0 resection. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 480-484DOI 10.1007/s12094-011-0685-yAuthors Manuel E. González, Department of Radiotherapy, Instituto Oncológico, PO Box 3553, Anabaena 336, Viña del Mar, ChileOsvaldo H. Giannini, Department of Radiotherapy, Instituto Oncológico, PO Box 3553, Anabaena 336, Viña del Mar, ChilePablo González, Department of Radiotherapy, Instituto Oncológico, PO Box 3553, Anabaena 336, Viña del Mar, ChileBarbara Saldaña, Department of Radiotherapy, Instituto Oncológico, PO Box 3553, Anabaena 336, Viña del Mar, Chile Journal Clinical and...

Outcomes of Radical Surgery for Gallbladder Cancer Patients with Lymphatic Metastases

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Radical resection might result in a reasonable prognosis for gallbladder cancer patients with local metastasis of the lymph nodes (Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery N1–N2), but was not effective when distant lymph nodes (Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery N3) were involved. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Profiling.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mou Y, Xing R, Liu C Proteomic fingerprint technology combining magnetic beads with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to profile and compare the serum proteins from 45 patients with gallbladder cancer and 50 healthy blood donors. The proteomic patterns were identified; the tree model of biomarkers was constructed and evaluated using the Biomarker Patterns Software. The model tree was constructed based on the 3 biomarkers (5913 Da, 6181 Da and 13,752 Da), which generated excellent separation between the gallbladder cancer and control groups. The sensitivity was 86.7% and the specificity was 93.3%. The blind test data showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 90%. Taken together, our studies suggested that biomarkers for...

Metastatic Deposits of Breast Lobular Carcinoma to Small Bowel and Rectum

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 17:23:32 +0100

We report a case of a Caucasian female who developed an intestinal obstruction secondary to metastatic deposits to the small bowel and later to the rectum from breast lobular carcinoma 2 years after mastectomy, axillary clearance, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, and transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap for reconstruction. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)

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Arsenic oxide targets stem cell marker CD133/prominin-1 in gallbladder carcinoma

Cancer Letters — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Highlights: ► Resistance of CD133+ gallbladder carcinoma cells to cisplatin and adriamycin. ► CD133 regulates arsenic trioxide-induced cell apoptosis. ► Arsenic trioxide regulates CD133 expression at transcription level. ► CD133 regulates AKT signaling pathway.Abstract: CD133+ tumor cells are responsible for the initiation, propagation and recurrence of tumors, which raises the question of how to effectively target CD133+ tumor cells. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has considerable efficacy in treating solid tumors with induction of apoptosis. Here, we found that purified CD133+ gallbladder carcinoma cells are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy. However, As2O3 effectively induces CD133+ gallbladder carcinoma cells apoptosis. Treatment with As2O3 reduces CD133 expression at tra...

Cancer surveillance in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Hepatology — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic fibroinflammatory syndrome involving the biliary tract, often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease. This syndrome is a prototype disease linking chronic inflammation to carcinogenesis. Indeed, PSC is associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Herein, we review the risk for these malignancies in PSC and discuss rational cancer surveillance strategies for these patients. Where evidence is limited, we suggest a pragmatic approach. In this regard we recommend interval screening for cholangiocarcinoma with non‐invasive imaging modalities and serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 determinations annually. These imaging studies also serve to screen for gal...

Progress against cancer in the Netherlands since the late 1980s: an epidemiological evaluation

International Journal of Cancer — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study combines these parameters of major cancers to provide an overview of the progress achieved in the Netherlands since 1989 and to establish in which areas action is needed. The population‐based Netherlands Cancer Registry and Statistics Netherlands provided incidence, 5‐year relative survival and mortality of 23 major cancer types. Incidence, survival and mortality changes were calculated as the estimated annual percentage change. Optimal progress was defined as decreasing incidence and/or improving survival accompanied by declining mortality, and deterioration as increasing incidence and/or deteriorating survival accompanied by increasing mortality rates. Optimal progress was observed in 12 of 19 cancer types among males: laryngeal, lung, stomach, gallbladder, colon, rectal, ...

Gallbladder intestinal metaplasia in Pakistani patients with gallstones

International Journal of Surgery — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The gallbladder specimens of patients who underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones between 2003 and 2005 were evaluated for the presence of Intestinal Metaplasia. (IM) and its risk factors. IM was positive in 39% of 293 patients tested, and in the comparative analysis of 114 metaplasia positive versus 179 negative patients, a high risk was found in patients who were 60 years or older [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 6.2]. Other factors with aOR greater than 1 were moderate to excessive use of chilies (1.8) and ethnic origin of North India (1.7). Screening method has yet to be devised for early detection of gallbladder cancer by identifying metaplastic lesions early in life. We believe that large geographic variation and lifestyle ...

Value of PET/CT in the Management of Primary Hepatobiliary Tumors, Part 2

American Journal of Roentgenology — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. There is a consistent benefit to the use of PET/CT for detection and staging, and it ultimately helps to establish the best course of treatment and to determine prognosis. In addition, PET/CT is very useful in local ablative and systemic therapy assessment and surveillance for hepatobiliary malignancies. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

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Tumor budding and dedifferentiation in gallbladder carcinoma: potential for the prognostic factors in T2 lesions

Virchows Archiv — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 16:57:03 +0100

Abstract Dedifferentiation (DD) is often encountered in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and poor prognosis with budding (BD) has been reported for other malignancies. However, the features of DD and BD in GBC remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the features and prognostic potential of DD and BD in GBC. A total of 80 patients with GBC (excluding intramucosal cancer) were enrolled. DD was histopathologically evaluated as tumors in which the grade of the invasive front is higher than the grade at the surface. BD was defined as an isolated single cancer cell or a cluster of fewer than five cancer cells at the invasive front. Of the 80 patients, 47 (58.8%) were positive for BD and 33 (41.2%) were positive for DD. Both BD and DD correlated significantly with dis...

EGFR Nuclear Import in Gallbladder Carcinoma: Nuclear Phosphorylated EGFR Upregulates iNOS Expression and Confers Independent Prognostic Impact

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 05:52:47 +0100

Conclusions N-EGFR and N-pEGFR express in GBCA, conferring clinical aggressiveness partly through iNOS transactivation. Lacking response-predicting mutation, EGFR gene status, albeit amplified in 15% of GBCA, is neither related to nuclear EGFR translocation nor prognostically useful. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-1942-6Authors Chien-Feng Li, Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, TaiwanFu-Ming Fang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, TaiwanJu-Ming Wang, Institute of Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanChing-Cherng Tzeng, Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, TaiwanHui-Chun...

Cancer Mortality Higher In Men Than Women

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 13 Jul 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Men have a higher risk of dying from cancer compared to women, mainly because males have a higher initial risk and are generally diagnosed when the cancer is further advanced, a National Cancer Institute Study has revealed in Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. The researchers examined a database with details on 36 different types of cancer for a 30-year period up to 2006. Women were found to have a higher mortality rate in just five types of cancer - including gall bladder, thyroids, and breast. Lip cancer had the highest male-to-female mortality ratio - 5... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Role of NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms in cancer etiology.

Human Immunology — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kutikhin AG NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 are members of Nod-like receptor family. They are located in cytosol, bind bacterial and viral ligands and play a key role in realization of innate and adaptive immune response, apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species generation. Polymorphisms in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genes may shift balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating the risk of infection, chronic inflammation and cancer. NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms may be associated with altered risk of gastric, colorectal, breast, ovarian, prostate, testicular, lung, laryngeal, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreatic, small bowel, kidney, urinary bladder cancer, skin cancer, nonthyroid endocrine tumors, lymphoma and leukemia. The shor...

SWOG 0514: a phase II study of sorafenib in patients with unresectable or metastatic gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

Investigational New Drugs — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 06:11:58 +0100

Conclusion While treatment with sorafenib did not result in objective responses, patients with biliary cancers receiving this drug had some therapeutic benefit. Additional studies with sorafenib in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted agents may be warranted. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10637-011-9719-0Authors Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Suite 3459, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USACathryn J. Rankin, SWOG Statistical Center, Seattle, WA, USAEdgar Ben-Josef, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USAHeinz-Josef Lenz, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Suite 3459, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USAPhilip J. Gold, Puget Sound Onc...

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A study on the tumor volume computation between different 3D treatment planning systems in radiotherapy

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The study shows that all the treatment planning systems showed variation in computing the tumor volume and the CTV to PTV generation also varied with the planning systems. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

The risk factor of gallbladder cancer: Hyperplasia of mucous epithelium caused by gallstones associates with p16/CyclinD1/CDK4 pathway.

Experimental and Molecular Pathology — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that changes of these signals have effect on breaking the balance of proliferation and death of gallbladder epithelial cells, even on inducing gallbladder cancer. PMID: 21777578 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology)

Medical history and the risk of biliary tract cancers in Shanghai, China: implications for a role of inflammation

Cancer Causes and Control — Sat, 09 Jul 2011 06:18:54 +0100

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest that inflammation may play a role in the etiology of biliary tract cancers. To examine further the role of inflammation, we evaluated the associations between self-reported inflammatory-related medical conditions and the risk of biliary tract cancers in a population-based case–control study in Shanghai, China. Our analysis included 368 gallbladder cancer cases, 191 bile duct cancer cases, 68 ampulla of Vater cancer cases, and 959 healthy subjects. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for biliary tract cancers in relation to six inflammation-related conditions. Gallbladder cancer was significantly associated with cholecystitis occurring at least 5 years prior to intervie...

Reconsideration of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 16:08:48 +0100

We describe the surgical method of cases showing a distended gallbladder. Because the most important thing does not cause biliary tract injury, it is to find orientation carefully. The frequency of incidental gallbladder cancer was in 7 (0.7%) of the 983. Only cholecystectomy is necessary to be performed for Tis or T1 cancer, and surgery has to be changed to radical surgery for T2 cancer or deeper invasion. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is already an established standard operation. In the presence of acute or severe chronic inflammation, special attention should be paid to these points. (Source: Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience)

CD133 gallbladder carcinoma cells exhibit self-renewal ability and tumorigenicity.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shi CJ, Gao J, Wang M, Wang X, Tian R, Zhu F, Shen M, Qin RY To identify cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human gallbladder carcinomas (GBCs). PMID: 21734809 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

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Overexpression of EZH2 and loss of expression of PTEN is associated with invasion, metastasis, and poor progression of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we investigated EZH2 and PTEN expression in an extensive collection of human gallbladder cancer samples and benign lesions of gallbladder using immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of EZH2 was detected in 53.7% of gallbladder adenocarcinomas associated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and invasion, while loss of PTEN expression was identified in 51.8% of adenocarcinomas with high grade, metastatic, and invasive tumors. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that overexpression of EZH2 (p=0.013) and loss of PTEN expression (p=0.008) were significantly associated with decreased overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that overexpression of EZH2 (p=0.011) or loss of PTEN expression (p=0.009) is a predictor of poor prognosis in gallbladd...

Is Port Site Resection Necessary in the Surgical Management of Gallbladder Cancer?

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 23 Jun 2011 05:55:58 +0100

Conclusions In patients with incidental GBCA, port site metastases were associated with peritoneal disease and decreased survival. Port site resection was not associated with improved survival or disease recurrence and should not be considered mandatory during definitive surgical treatment. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1245/s10434-011-1850-9Authors Ajay V. Maker, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USAJean M. Butte, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USAJacqueline Oxenberg, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USADeborah Kuk, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Cen...

Early-Stage Gallbladder Cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database: Effect of Extended Surgical Resection [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Extended surgical resection, LN excision, or both may improve survival in certain patients with incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Is adjuvant radiotherapy needed after curative resection of extrahepatic biliary tract cancers? A systematic review with a meta-analysis of observational studies

Cancer Treatment Reviews — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Summary: Background: The role for adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) after curative resection in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear. Due to the lack of randomized trials, available data comes from single center experiences or data-based population studies with inconclusive results.Objective: To assess the impact of radiotherapy (with or without concurrent chemotherapy) on toxicity and survival of radically resected patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer (extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer and pure ampullary cancer).Data sources and study selection: Eligible studies with data on survival, recurrence and toxicity were retrieved from the MEDLINE, ISI web of science, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from January 1995 to December 2008, to ensure that all ART treatments ...

The role of laparoscopic staging in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer

HPB: official journal of the International Hepato Pancreat Biliary Association — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study evaluates the utility of SL with the aim of identifying variables associated with disseminated disease (DD).Methods: Consecutive patients with IGBC who underwent re‐exploration between 1998 and 2009 were identified from a prospective database. The yield and accuracy of SL were calculated. Demographics, tumour‐ and treatment‐related variables were correlated with findings of DD.Results: Of the 136 patients submitted to re‐exploration for possible definitive resection, 19 (14.0%) had DD. Staging laparoscopy was carried out in 46 (33.8%) patients, of whom 10 (21.8%) had DD (peritoneal disease [n= 6], liver metastases [n= 3], retroperitoneal disease [n= 1]). Disseminated disease was identified by SL in two patients (yield = 4.3%), whereas eight were diagnosed after con...

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Extrapulmonary small cell: a novel case of small cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland

Medical Oncology — Sun, 05 Jun 2011 05:45:45 +0100

We present a case of small cell carcinoma arising from the thyroid gland, a site not previously described in the literature. A 59-year-old woman presented with a thyroid mass, which, after resection, showed small cell morphology and positive immunostains for TTF-1, synaptophysin, chromogranin-A, CD56, etc. Five months after diagnosis, she had widely metastatic disease. After a near-complete response to the first chemo-treatment, her disease progressed. Following local radiation and more rounds of chemotherapy, she succumbed to the disease, 15 months after diagnosis. Our patient had no pulmonary lesions at the time of diagnosis to suggest metastasis from the lung. Much like its pulmonary counterparts, this small cell carcinoma of primary thyroid origin displayed an aggressive cli...

Does Gallbladder Removal Boost Colon Cancer Risk?

Dr. Weil Q and A — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 12:17:23 +0100

Is it true that after having the gallbladder removed there is a greater risk of colon cancer caused by the constant release of bile into the small intestine? Also, can taking bile acid supplements help to prevent colon cancer caused by this condition, and as these seem to all be made from bovine bile, are they safe? Are there any supplements or nutritional alternatives to help with this condition? (Source: Dr. Weil Q and A)

Should Ipsilateral Solitary Adrenal Involvement in Renal Cell Carcinoma be Staged as M1?

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Adrenal involvement in primary renal cell carcinoma was observed more frequently in patients with advanced tumor stages. In the TNM classification system, we propose that ipsilateral solitary adrenal involvement in renal cell carcinoma should be staged as M1. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Asbestos and Ovarian Cancer: Is There a Link and How Involved is Peritoneal Mesothelioma?

Asbestos and Mesothelioma News — Thu, 26 May 2011 20:18:37 +0100

Classified as a human carcinogen, asbestos is responsible for the development of several cancers, including mesothelioma and lung cancer. Research has suggested that a number of other cancers such as gastrointestinal, kidney, throat and gallbladder cancer can be caused by exposure to asbestos, but they are still the subject of investigation. A 2011 study conducted by the Western Australian Institute for Medical Research sought to explore the correlation between asbestos and ovarian cancer. Unlike malignant mesothelioma, ovarian cancer has not been conclusively linked to asbestos exposure. Because asbestos exposure most commonly occurred at jobsites where males traditionally made up the majority of the workforce, women were less frequently exposed to asbestos than men. As a result, the inci...

Revision Surgery for Incidentally Detected Early Gallbladder Cancer in Laparoscopic Era

Journal of Laparoendoscopic — Wed, 25 May 2011 19:58:23 +0100

Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Laparoendoscopic)

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A Vegetarian Diet for Weight Management

Journal of the American Dietetic Association — Wed, 25 May 2011 16:35:25 +0100

With obesity impacting more than 30% of adult Americans in most age groups and with overweight affecting even more of them (), at present the majority of Americans remain at risk for obesity-related health complications. These include heart disease, diabetes mellitus, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and some forms of cancer (). To combat the obesity epidemic and its subsequent deleterious health impact, registered dietitians can learn various evidence-based intervention strategies to counsel individuals in weight management. One such approach can include following a vegetarian dietary pattern. (Source: Journal of the American Dietetic Association)

Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after cholecystectomy

British Journal of Cancer AOP — Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: J Lagergren, F Mattsson, H El-Serag & H Nordenstedt (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)

A phase II trial of gemcitabine and capecitabine in patients with unresectable or metastatic gallbladder cancer or cholangiocarcinoma: Southwest Oncology Group study S0202

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Tue, 10 May 2011 06:02:20 +0100

Conclusions The combination of gemcitabine and capecitabine is a well-tolerated regimen with activity in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00280-011-1657-1Authors Syma Iqbal, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Rm. 3457, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USACathryn Rankin, Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., M3-C102, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USAHeinz-Josef Lenz, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Rm. 3457, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USAPhilip J. Gold, Swedish Cancer Institute, 1221 Madison St., Seattle, WA 98104, USASyed A. Ahmad, Barrett Center, Depa...

Erratum to: Duplicated porcelain gallbladder associated with pancreatic cancer

Internal and Emergency Medicine — Fri, 06 May 2011 16:21:44 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s11739-011-0607-6Authors Daniele Torres, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. ‘‘Policlinico Paolo Giaccone’’, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, ItalyGaspare Parrinello, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. ‘‘Policlinico Paolo Giaccone’’, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, ItalyCaterina Trapanese, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. ‘‘Policlinico Paolo Giaccone’’, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, ItalyMauro Cardillo, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. ‘‘...

Incidental Gallbladder Cancer by the AFC-GBC-2009 Study Group

World Journal of Surgery — Fri, 06 May 2011 05:53:37 +0100

Conclusion This study validates the concept of re-resection in T2 and T3 GBC. Bile duct resection increases postoperative morbidity but does not improve survival. There is currently a modification in the surgical management of incidental GBC, with minor liver resection and no common bile duct resection. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1134-3Authors David Fuks, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Amiens, FranceJean Marc Regimbeau, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôpital Nord, Amiens, FranceYves-Patrice Le Treut, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hôpital Conception, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, FrancePhilippe Bachellier, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hôpital Hautepierre, Strasbourg, Franc...

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Helicobacter marmotae, Novel Helicobacter sp. and Campylobacter sp. Isolated from Livers and Intestines of Prairie Dogs.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Beisele M, Shen Z, Parry N, Mobley M, Taylor NS, Buckley E, Abedin MZ, Dewhirst FE, Fox JG Prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are used to study the etiology and prevention of gallstones because of the similarities of prairie dog and human bile gallstone composition. Epidemiologic and experimental studies have suggested a connection between Helicobacter spp. infection and cholesterol cholelithiasis, cholecystis and gallbladder cancer. Ten of thirty four prairie dogs in our study had positive Helicobacter spp. identified by PCR with Helicobacter genus-specific primers (C97, CO5). Fourteen of thirty four prairie dogs had positive Campylobacter spp. identified in the intestine by PCR with Campylobacter genus-specific primers (C98 and C99). Six Helicobacter sp. isolates and 3 Camp...

Chronic Typhoid infection and the risk of biliary tract cancer and stones in Shanghai, China

Infectious Agents and Cancer — Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Previous studies have shown a positive association between chronic typhoid carriage and biliary cancers. We compared serum Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi antibody titers between biliary tract cancer cases, biliary stone cases without evidence of cancer, and healthy subjects in a large population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China.Participants included 627 newly diagnosed primary biliary tract cancer patients; 1,037 biliary stone cases (774 gallbladder and 263 bile-duct) and 959 healthy subjects without a history of cancer, randomly selected from the Shanghai Resident Registry.Overall only 6/2,293 (0.26%) were Typhi positive. The prevalence of Typhi was 1/457 (0.22%), 4/977 (0.41%), and 1/859 (0.12%) among cancer cases, biliary-stone cases, and population controls, respectively....

A pilot histomorphology and hemodynamic of vasculogenic mimicry in gallbladder carcinomas in vivo and in vitro

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: VM existed in gallbladder carcinomas by both three-dimensional matrix of highly aggressive GBC-SD or poorly aggressive SGC-996 cells preconditioned by highly aggressive GBC-SD cells in vitro and GBC-SD nude mouse xenografts in vivo. (Source: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research)

Two Types of Extended Liver Resection for Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: How to Do It

Karger Publishers — Thu, 28 Apr 2011 14:19:24 +0100

Dig Surg 2011;28:148–153 (DOI:10.1159/000323826) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Selumetinib Shows Promise In Biliary Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 26 Apr 2011 09:00:00 +0100

The experimental agent selumetinib has shown promising results in people with advanced biliary cancer, according to a multi-institutional clinical trial led by cancer researchers at The Ohio State University. Selumetinib, also known as AZD6244 (ARRY-142886), blocks a protein called MEK, which cancer cells need to proliferate and survive. Biliary cancer is a malignancy of cells lining the bile ducts and gall bladder. About 100,000 patients are diagnosed annually worldwide with the disease, representing 15-20 percent of all liver-cancer cases... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Targeted agent selumetinib shows promise in biliary cancer

EurekAlert! - Cancer — Mon, 25 Apr 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Ohio State University Medical Center) The experimental agent selumetinib has shown promising results in people with advanced biliary cancer, a malignancy of the bile ducts and gall bladder, according to a multi-institutional clinical trial. Most patients are diagnosed at later stages of the disease, which has a universally poor outcome. The study provides a strong rationale for developing this agent further in larger trials, probably in combination with other drugs. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)

Expression of multiple forms of 3'-end variant CCK2 receptor mRNAs in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma

BMC Research Notes — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Cloning and DNA sequencing of selected amplicons revealed that CCK2R and multiple CCK2i4svR-like mRNAs are expressed in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The originally described CCK2i4svR mRNA was only expressed in one of 17 tumours and appears to be rarely expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We report that CCK2R- and gastrin mRNA co-expression may play a role in a portion, but not in all of these tumours, and that aberrant splicing takes places in these tissues generating multiple forms of 3'-end variant CCK2R mRNAs. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

Lymph Nodal Involvement as Prognostic Factor in Gallbladder Cancer: Location, Count or Ratio?

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery — Wed, 13 Apr 2011 14:33:38 +0100

Conclusions LNR is a strong predictor of outcome after curative resection for GBC. The retrieval and examination of at least 6 nodes can influence staging quality and DFS in node-negative patients. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s11605-011-1528-4Authors Sanjay Singh Negi, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110060 IndiaAmanjeet Singh, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110060 IndiaAdarsh Chaudhary, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, 110060 India Journal Journal of Gastrointestinal SurgeryOnline ISSN...

Antibodies in metabolic diseases.

New Biotechnology — Mon, 04 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ahrens B In the past century, incidences of chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type II diabetes, have increased dramatically. Obesity and abnormal insulin level are associated with a wide variety of health problems including a markedly increased risk for type II diabetes, fatty liver, hepato-biliary and gallbladder diseases, cardiovascular pathologies, neurodegenerative disorders, asthma and a variety of cancers. The development of therapeutic antibodies has evolved over the past decades into a mainstay of therapeutic options for patients with inflammatory diseases and cancer, while other indication areas such as metabolic diseases have so far only been rarely addressed. Although therapeutic antibodies might have advantages over current type II diabetes treatments...

Identification of PEG10 and TSG101 as Carcinogenesis, Progression, and Poor-Prognosis Related Biomarkers for Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma.

Pathology Oncology Research — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liu DC, Yang ZL, Jiang S PEG10 is a transcriptional factor while TSG101 is involved in numerous cellular processes, including apoptotic resistance. Overexpression of PEG10 and TSG101 were observed in a variety of human cancers. However, their expression and clinical significance in gallbladder cancer (GBC) have not yet been identified. To understand the tumor biology of GBC at the molecular level, we examined PEG10 and TSG101 expression in 108 adenocarcinomas, 15 gallbladder polyps, 35 chronic cholecystitis tissues, and 46 peritumoral tissues by using immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of PEG10 and TSG101 was detected in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (48.1% and 47.2%, respectively). Conversely, there was less expression detected in the peritumoral tissues (19.6%), adenomatous p...

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Preliminary screening and identification of stem cell-like sphere clones in a gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci ... — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, sphere clones of gallbladder cancer with stem cell-like characteristics can be obtained using suspension cultures of GBC-SD cells in serum-free culture medium containing cisplatin. PMID: 21462380 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: J Zhejiang Univ Sci ...)

The risk of cancer in patients with psoriasis: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Psoriasis carries an elevated risk of malignancies, especially in younger and in male patients. This effect is independent of systemic treatment for psoriasis. Finally, phototherapy with UVB did not increase, but rather reduced, the risk of cancer in psoriasis. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

Porcelin and duplicated gallbladder associated with pancreatic cancer

Internal and Emergency Medicine — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 07:20:22 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11739-011-0586-7Authors Daniele Torres, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. “Policlinico Paolo Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, ItalyGaspare Parrinello, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. “Policlinico Paolo Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, ItalyCaterina Trapanese, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. “Policlinico Paolo Giaccone”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, ItalyMauro Cardillo, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), A.O.U. “Policlinico Paolo Gia...

Ala499Val (C > T) and Lys939Gln (A > C) polymorphisms of the XPC gene: their correlation with the risk of primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma--a case-control study in China

Carcinogenesis — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we detected two non-synonymous polymorphisms in XPC (Ala499Val and Lys939Gln) in 334 cases of GBC and 329 subjects of hospital-based age- and sex frequency-matched controls in China using a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Allelic association analysis for the two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed that the risk allele T of Ala499Val was significantly associated with GBC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.76, P = 0.005), with a population attributive risk of 5.3%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that Ala499Val CT heterozygote (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.13–2.14, P = 0.002) and TT homozygote (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.04–3.55, P = 0.048) had a significantly increased risk compared...

Diabetes mellitus and increased risk of biliary tract cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cancer Causes and Control — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 16:47:45 +0100

Conclusion These findings strongly support the link between diabetes and increased risk of cancer of biliary tract and its subsites: gallbladder cancer or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, but not cancer of ampulla of Vater. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s10552-011-9754-3Authors Hong-Bo Ren, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 107 Wenhua xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong Province ChinaTao Yu, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 107 Wenhua xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong Province ChinaChao Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 107 Wenhua xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong Province ChinaYan-Qing Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong University Qilu Hospi...

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Carcinoid tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tract: Report of four cases

Surgery Today — Wed, 02 Mar 2011 09:11:31 +0100

This study describes four cases of carcinoid tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Four carcinoid tumors arising in the common bile duct (Case 1, 59-year-old man), gallbladder (Case 2, 49-year-old man; Case 3, 65-year-old man), and ampulla of Vater (Case 4, 52-year-old woman) were studied. All of the cases were misdiagnosed before surgery as proximal bile duct cancer, stomach cancer with liver metastasis, gallbladder cancer, and adenocarcinoma of ampulla of Vater, respectively. The clinicopathological characteristics and clinical course were reviewed. Treatment depends on the location of the tumor and the extent of the disease. Aggressive surgical therapy with a curative intention therefore offers the only chance for cure and has to be considered whenever possible. Content T...

Surgical Experience of 204 Cases of Adult Choledochal Cyst Disease over 14 Years

World Journal of Surgery — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 07:07:46 +0100

Conclusions As a result of diverse features of adult CCD, various clinical problems occurred after surgical excision. Surgical treatment for adult patients with CCDs having complex features should be individualized to maintain a balance between risk of surgery and potential risk of late complications. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1009-7Authors Min-Jeong Cho, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaShin Hwang, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaYoung-Joo Lee, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 KoreaKi-Hun Kim, Department of Surgery, Asan Me...

[Immediate Radical Re-Resection of Incidental T1b Gallbladder Cancer and the Problem of an Adequate Extent of Resection (Results of the German Registry "Incidental Gallbladder Cancer").]

Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: For T1a cancer a simple cholecystectomy is sufficient. An immediate re-resection is highly recommended for patients with IGBC in T1b stage. The wedge resection technique combined with a locoregional lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament seems to be the strategy of choice for T1b cancer. An extended re-resection is necessary to determine the nodal status exactly, and to determine an exact definite staging for patients with T1b cancer. PMID: 21365537 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie)

An Unusual Tumor of the Cecum: The Diagnosis to Keep in Mind!

Gastroenterology — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Question: A 57-year-old women presented with pain in her right lower abdomen over a period of 11 months and weight loss (approximately 10 kg) and was referred for colonoscopy with suspicion of colon cancer. Her past medical history included surgery owing to gallbladder cancer (stage I) 2 years earlier. Clinical examination revealed a mobile, painless mass in the right inguinal area. Laboratory tests including CEA and CA-125 were unremarkable. Pelvic examination including transvaginal ultrasonography showed normal female organs. Colonoscopy revealed large polypoid mass in the cecum, measuring 4 × 4 cm, with smooth, shiny, and healthy-appearing colonic mucosa (). No other lesions were spotted in the colon during endoscopic examination. The patient was scheduled for an abdominal computed tom...

Gallbladder metastasis: spectrum of imaging findings

Abdominal Imaging — Mon, 14 Feb 2011 06:58:06 +0100

The objective of this study is to report the diagnostic features of hematogenous gallbladder metastasis using various imaging modalities. We carried out a single-center retrospective analysis of 13 patients with gallbladder metastasis. The primary malignancy was cutaneous melanoma (11 cases), hepatocellular carcinoma (1 case), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1 case). All patients underwent sonography (US), with color-power-Doppler assessment in 11 cases. Contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) was performed in 8 patients, MDCT in 8, and MR imaging in 1. Four subjects studied by whole-body PET. The gallbladder lesions were first detected with US in 9 cases and with MDCT in 3 cases. The remaining patient was investigated because of hepatic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at PET; CEUS failed to detect any live...

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Gastrointestinal cancer and brain metastasis

Cancer — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractMetastatic brain tumors represent 20% to 40% of all intracranial neoplasms and are found most frequently in association with lung cancer (50%) and breast cancer (12%). Although brain metastases occur in <4% of all tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the incidence of GI brain metastasis is rising in part due to more effective systemic treatments and prolonged survival of patients with GI cancer. Data were collected from 25 studies (11 colorectal, 7 esophageal, 2 gastric, 1 pancreatic, 1 intestinal, 3 all‐inclusive GI tract cancer) and 13 case reports (4 pancreatic, 4 gallbladder, and 5 small bowel cancer). Brain metastases are found in 1% of colorectal cancer, 1.2% of esophageal cancer, 0.62% of gastric cancer, and 0.33% of pancreatic cancer cases. Surgical resection wit...

Mutational profiling reveals PIK3CA mutations in gallbladder carcinoma

BMC Cancer — Tue, 08 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The presence of activating mutations in PIK3CA specifically in GBC has clinical implications in both the diagnosis of this cancer type, as well as the potential utility of targeted therapies such as PI3 kinase inhibitors. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Porcelain gallbladder: a clinical case and a review of the literature.

Cirugia eEspanola — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report two cases of patients with a porcelain gallbladder. One case is a 60 year-old male patient who was seen due to having biliary symptoms. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound and computed tomography, and he was surgically intervened by performing a partial cholecystectomy. The histopathology reported a gallbladder wall with sclerohyalinosis and dystrophic calcification foci. The other case is a 98 year-old female patient, whose form of presentation was incidental given that she suffered from symptoms of an intestinal obstruction. A cholecystectomy was performed with a good post-surgical outcome. A series published in between 1950 and 1960 show that the porcelain bladder can be frequently observed in patients with cancer of the gallbladder, although this relationship is currently be...

Foam Sclerotherapy Using Polidocanol (Aethoxysklerol) for Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization in 16 Patients

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology — Thu, 03 Feb 2011 22:01:21 +0100

Conclusion Foam sclerotherapy using polidocanol is clinically safe and effective for preoperative PVE. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00270-010-0079-5Authors Sang-Hoon Chung, Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiologic Science, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Yonsei, 143, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaMyung-su Lee, Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiologic Science, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Yonsei, 143, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaKyung Sik Kim, Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Yonsei, 143, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSoon II Kim, Department of Surg...

Dog that can 'sniff out bowel cancer'

NHS News Feed — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 16:56:00 +0100

Conclusion This small study showed that a trained dog could accurately differentiate between people with bowel cancer and healthy volunteers from stool and breath samples. There are various practical and methodological limitations to this technique that indicate it may be unfeasible to use dogs to screen for cancer. The researchers point out that it is unlikely to be practical to train dogs to do this work, citing the cost and highlighting that the dog did not concentrate as well in the summer months. Other limitations of the study include: That this was a small study in only in only 37 people with bowel cancer of whom only 12 had early stage. When testing potential screening tools it is important to test sensitivity and specificity on a large number of samples to be sure the results ar...

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Renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the gallbladder: Four cases from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and review of the literature.

Urologic Oncology — Fri, 28 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Gallbladder metastasis from RCC is a rare event that may occur synchronously or metachronously with most patients being asymptomatic. Clear cell carcinoma appears to be the primary pathology associated with gallbladder metastasis. High rates of bilateral RCC and pancreatic metastasis suggest novel associations in patients with RCC and gallbladder metastasis. PMID: 21277810 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Urologic Oncology)

Gallbladder carcinoma incidentally encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: how to deal with it

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Wed, 26 Jan 2011 02:22:59 +0100

Abstract Gallbladder cancer (GBC), characterised by rapid progression and a poor prognosis with a high mortality rate, is a complex disease to treat. Incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) is defined as carcinoma of the gallbladder suspected for the first time during cholecystectomy or accidentally found on histological examination of the gallbladder. With the increasingly widespread acceptance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and difficulties in diagnosing GBC preoperatively, the number of cases of IGBC during and after LC has increased. However, management of IGBC is a difficult issue in the absence of established guidelines. Problems associated with IGBC related to LC are the decisions of whether, when and how to perform additional surgery. Controversy remains rega...

Surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the gallbladder: Report of a case

Surgery Today — Tue, 25 Jan 2011 06:48:39 +0100

This report presents the case of a surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the gallbladder. A 48-year-old woman consulted her primary care physician due to chest discomfort. Tumors in the liver and gallbladder were unexpectedly found and she was thus referred to this hospital. The radiologic studies showed two tumors. A round-shaped tumor, 30 mm in diameter, in the fossa of the gallbladder of the liver protruded into the lumen of the gallbladder, and a lobulated shaped tumor, measuring 13 mm, was in S5 of the liver. Angiography demonstrated that these tumors showed a pattern of early enhancement and washout. An en bloc resection of the gallbladder and the liver surrounding the gallbladder was performed, and the final diagnosis was moderately differentiated ...

Development of a questionnaire (EORTC module) to measure quality of life in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, the EORTC QLQ-BIL21

British Journal of Cancer AOP — Tue, 25 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: E Friend, G Yadegarfar, C Byrne, C D Johnson, O Sezer, S Pucciarelli, S P Pereira, W-C Chie, A Banfield & J K Ramage (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)

Adjuvant radiotherapy for gallbladder cancer: A dosimetric comparison of conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sun XN, Wang Q, Gu BX, Zhu YH, Hu JB, Shi GZ, Zheng S To assess the efficacy and toxicity of conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and compare with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of gallbladder cancer. PMID: 21253402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

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Incidence of non-lung solid cancers in Czech uranium miners: A case-cohort study.

Environmental Research — Thu, 20 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Radon was not significantly associated with incidence of any cancer of interest, although a positive association of radon with malignant melanoma and gallbladder cancer cannot be entirely ruled out. PMID: 21256480 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Research)

Single-Incision Multiport Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Things to Overcome [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Experienced laparoscopic surgeons can safely perform cholecystectomy using conventional and curved laparoscopic instruments in selected patients. We recommend that you consider performing conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy or that you use additional retraction devices for patients with a higher body mass index or acute cholecystitis. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Systematic review on the surgical treatment for T1 gallbladder cancer.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee SE, Jang JY, Lim CS, Kang MJ, Kim SW To evaluate the efficacy of simple and extended cholecystectomy for mucosa (T1a) or muscularis (T1b) gallbladder (GB) cancer. PMID: 21245989 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Expression of CDX2 and Hepatocyte Antigen in Benign and Malignant Lesions of Gallbladder and Its Correlation with Histopathologic Type and Clinical Outcome.

Pathology Oncology Research — Sat, 08 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li QL, Yang ZL, Liu JQ, Miao XY Recent studies have shown that both CDX2 and Hepatocyte antigen (Hep) are detected in different types of cancer and associated with clinical prognosis. However, fever studies have examined gallbladder cancer specimens, and little is known about the clinicopathological significance of both CDX2 and Hep expression in gallbladder adenocarcinomas. In present study, we examined the expression frequencies of CDX2 and Hepatocyte antigen (Hep), and explored their clinicopathologic significances in gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect and compare the frequencies of CDX2 and Hep expression in 108 samples of gallbladder adenocarcinoma, 46 peri-tumor tissues and 35 chronic cholecystitis. The expression frequencies for CDX2 and...

Introduction

Disease a Month — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Asbestos refers to a group of minerals that possesses desirable physical properties for industrial use, such as high tensile strength, flexibility, resistance to chemical and thermal degradation, and electrical resistance. Across the world, these minerals were used extensively in many products, including insulation and fireproofing materials, automotive brakes, and textile products, and in other construction materials. The health hazards related to asbestos exposure were initially observed in the late 19th century. However, scientific publications regarding the adverse effects of asbestos exposure began to appear in the second and third decade of the 20th century, leading to regulatory restrictions and banning of its use in many countries from the mid-1950s. Exposure to asbestos results mo...

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Associations Between P53 Arg72Pro and Development of Digestive Tract Cancers: A Meta-analysis

Archives of Medical Research — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that Pro allele in P53 Arg72Pro is significantly associated with the increased risks of digestive tract cancers, especially for Asians, and for gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and gallbladder and pancreatic cancer. (Source: Archives of Medical Research)

Population-based Survival of Cancer Patients Diagnosed Between 1993 and 1999 in Japan: A Chronological and International Comparative Study

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The study suggests an improvement in cancer survival in several primary sites in Japan, which is consistent with the development of treatments and early detection. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Outcome of Adjuvant Therapy for Gallbladder Cancer.

Oncology — Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The data from this study do not provide evidence that adjuvant therapy is an effective treatment option for curative resected GB cancer. A large randomized controlled study is necessary to confirm the efficacy of adjuvant therapy. Newer adjuvant studies should be focused on gemcitabine-based chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy with molecular-based target agents. PMID: 21212704 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncology)

Lipid profiling of cancerous and benign gallbladder tissues by 1H NMR spectroscopy

NMR in Biomedicine — Tue, 28 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractQualitative and quantitative 1H NMR analysis of lipid extracts of gallbladder tissue in chronic cholecystitis (CC, benign) (n = 14), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC, intermediate) (n = 9) and gallbladder cancer (GBC, malignant) (n = 8) was carried out to understand the mechanisms involved in the transformation of benign gallbladder tissue to intermediate and malignant tissue. The results revealed alterations in various tissue lipid components in gallbladder in CC, XGC and GBC. The difference in the nature of lipid components in benign and malignant disease may aid in the identification of the biological pathways involved in the etiopathogenesis of GBC. This is the first study on lipid profiling of gallbladder tissue by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and has possible implic...

Cholesterol metabolism gene polymorphisms and the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China

Carcinogenesis — Mon, 27 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We examined the association of five variants in three lipid metabolism-related genes (CETP, ABCG8 and LRPAP1) and biliary tract cancers and stones in a population-based case–control study in Shanghai, China. We included 439 biliary tract cancer cases (253 gallbladder, 133 extrahepatic bile duct and 53 ampulla of Vater cancer cases), 429 biliary stone cases and 447 population controls. Carriers of the CG genotype of ABCG8 rs11887534 had higher risk of biliary stones [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–6.5), gallbladder cancer (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.7–10.4) and bile duct cancer (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 0.64–5.91), compared with carriers of the GG genotype. Analysis stratified by gender showed both male and female carriers of CG rs11887534 had higher risks...

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Severe Auto Accident Death Risk Much Higher Among Obese Individuals

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 22 Dec 2010 21:00:00 +0100

An obese person has a considerably higher risk of dying in a severe automobile accident compared to somebody who is not obese, researchers from Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and at Erie County Medical Center, revealed in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Obese people already have a significantly higher risk of developing hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer, sleep apnea, and gallbladder disease - mortality risk in severe traffic accidents is now added to the list... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

The Right Way to Do the Right Thing

Psychology Today Work Center — Sat, 18 Dec 2010 15:05:58 +0100

WHY A GOOD PRINCIPLE STILL NEEDS A WISE DOCTOR[This, like all posts on this Practical Wisdom blog, is co-authored by Barry Schwartz and Ken Sharpe] The principle of "patient autonomy" or "patient choice" sounds like a great principle. It is the principle that dominates the ethics of modern medical practice in America. As patients, we should be fully informed of our medical condition, and make what are sometimes life-determining choices ourselves. Choice resonates with the underlying values of freedom, individual rights, and self-determination that are so much a part of American culture. And no one wants to go back to the bad old days when doctors simply told their patients what to do, sometimes with no regard at all for the patient's own values and preferences. Yes, patie...

Carcinogenic Effects of "Whole-Life" Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic in CD1 Mice

Toxicological Sciences — Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In a previously developed mouse model, arsenic exposure in utero induces tumors at multiple sites in the offspring as adults, often duplicating human targets. However, human environmental inorganic arsenic exposure occurs during the entire life span, not just part of gestation. Thus, "whole-life" inorganic arsenic carcinogenesis in mice was studied. CD1 mice were exposed to 0, 6, 12, or 24 ppm arsenic in the drinking water 2 weeks prior to breeding, during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning through adulthood. Tumors were assessed in offspring until 2 years of age. Arsenic induced dose-related increases in lung adenocarcinoma (both sexes), hepatocellular carcinoma (both sexes), gallbladder tumors (males), and uterine carcinomas. Arsenic induced dose-related increases in ovarian tumors ...

Extended right hemihepatectomy for gallbladder carcinoma involving the hepatic hilum.

The British Journal of Surgery — Thu, 09 Dec 2010 05:00:39 +0100

CONCLUSION: Extended right hemihepatectomy for gallbladder cancer is safe and may contribute to long-term survival in selected patients. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 21136566 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Surgery)

Evaluation of two modified ECF regimens in the treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer

Medical Oncology — Tue, 07 Dec 2010 07:03:59 +0100

Abstract Gallbladder cancer is a rare disease and it is associated with a poor clinical outcome and survival. A standard therapy for it has not been established yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy and safety of two modified ECF regimens in advanced gallbladder cancer patients. Clinical data of 38 patients with advanced gallbladder cancer treated with modified ECF regimen were reviewed retrospectively. Of them, 21 patients received an epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-FU/LV combination therapy. Seventeen patients received a chemotherapy of epirubicin, cisplatin, and capecitabine. Partial response was achieved in fourteen (36.84%) patients with a median duration of 5 months (range, 3–13 months), while stable disease was achieved in eight patients (21.05...

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Cell type specific expression of the apoptosis stimulating protein (ASPP-2) in human tissues.

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study indicates that ASPP-2 has a specific distribution pattern within tissues and cells in a way that appears to be related to differentiation. However, the patterns are neither simplistic nor straightforward and will require further investigation in order to appreciate fully their physiological/pathological significance. PMID: 21183427 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica)

Signet ring cell carcinoma of gallbladder with celiac lymph node metastasis in a young man

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Santosh Kumar MondalJournal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 2010 6(3):379-381Gall bladder cancer is uncommon and histologically most of these are adenocarcinomas. Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy of gallbladder. Only few cases of this histologic type have been published and detailed knowledge of this disease is not available. Here, signet ring cell carcinoma of the gallbladder in a 32-year-old man is being reported. The patient had metastasis in the celiac group of lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis. The patient underwent radical surgery, followed by chemotherapy but succumbed to the illness two months post-operatively. Newer treatment modalities and advanced information may improve the prognosis of the disease. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Role of bacteria in carcinogenesis, with special reference to carcinoma of the gallbladder.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Sun, 21 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nath G, Gulati AK, Shukla VK Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is the fifth commonest gastrointestinal tract cancer and is endemic in several countries. The interplay of genetic susceptibility, infections, and life style factors has been proposed to be responsible for carcinogenesis of gallbladder. Persistence of infection leading to chronic inflammation, and production of certain toxins and metabolites with carcinogenic potentials, by certain bacteria has been speculated to be involved in the transformation of the gallbladder epithelium. Therefore, any bacteria that have evolved to acquire both of the above carcinogenic mechanisms can cause cancer. Salmonella typhi has been found to be prominently associated with CaGB. Chronic typhoid carriage (persistence) and production o...

Strong cytoplasmic expression of COX2 at the invasive fronts of gallbladder cancer is associated with a poor prognosis

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The IF of gallbladder cancer is characterised by significantly increased expression of p21, p53 and strong COX2 expression, and strong cytoplasmic COX2 expression at IF is associated with a poorer prognosis. Heterogeneity between TC and IF should be considered in in situ molecular studies, especially during interpretation of immunohistochemical stain results and tissue microarray construction. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Mesothelioma Deaths in Australia’s New South Wales Will Soon Outnumber Deaths On the State’s Roads

Asbestos and Mesothelioma News — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 20:36:52 +0100

Yesterday Australian ombudsman Bruce Barbour released a report,”Responding to the Asbestos Problem: The need for significant reform in NSW,” addressing the distressing asbestos issues in Australia’s New South Wales (NSW). In the report Barbour predicts annual road-related deaths in NWS in 2008 (totaling 397) would be “dwarfed” by the number of mesothelioma and asbestos-related cancer deaths. By 2020, there could be an estimated 13,000 cases of mesothelioma and 40,000 cases of asbestos-related cancers. Asbestos was widely used in Australia and many other counties in thousands of products. Unfortunately, asbestos exposure can lead to diseases such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma. And in March 2009 the International Agency for Research on Cancer confir...

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Targeting EGFR/HER2 pathways enhances the antiproliferative effect of gemcitabine in biliary tract and gallbladder carcinomas

BMC Cancer — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study EGFR, HER2, and their molecular transducers were analysed in terms of mutation and amplification over-expression in a BTC case series. Furthermore, we tested the efficacy of drugs targeting these molecules, as single agents or in combination with gemcitabine, the standard therapeutic agent against BTC. Methods: Immunohistochemistry, FISH and mutational analysis were performed on 49 BTC samples of intrahepatic (ICCs), extrahepatic (ECCs), and gallbladder (GBCs) origin. The effect on cell proliferation of different EGFR/HER2 pathway inhibitors as single agents or in combination with gemcitabine was investigated on BTC cell lines. Western blot analyses were performed to investigate molecular mechanisms of targeted drugs. Results: EGFR is expressed in 100% of ICCs, 52.6% of ECCs,...

MAGE‐A10 is a nuclear protein frequently expressed in high percentages of tumor cells in lung, skin, and urothelial malignancies

International Journal of Cancer — Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractMAGE‐A10 is a highly immunogenic member of the MAGE‐A family of cancer/testis tumor associated antigens (C/T TAA). Studies performed with broadly reactive antibodies have helped to initially characterize this TAA. However, no specific reagents have been developed so far, thus preventing a thorough analysis of its expression in healthy and tumoral tissues.We have produced MAGE‐A10 gene product in soluble recombinant form and we have used it to generate specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). One of these reagents, recognizing an epitope located at the COOH terminus of the MAGE‐A10 gene product was used to stain a multi tumor tissue micro‐array (TMA) comprising over 2500 paraffin‐embedded specimens including healthy tissues, benign tumors, and malignancies of different his...

MAGE‐A10 is a nuclear protein frequently expressed in high percentages of tumor cells in lung, skin and urothelial malignancies

International Journal of Cancer — Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractMAGE‐A10 is a highly immunogenic member of the MAGE‐A family of cancer/testis tumor‐associated antigens (C/T TAAs). Studies performed with broadly reactive antibodies have helped to initially characterize this TAA. However, no specific reagents have been developed so far, thus preventing a thorough analysis of its expression in healthy and tumoral tissues. We have produced MAGE‐A10 gene product in soluble recombinant form, and we have used it to generate specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). One of these reagents, recognizing an epitope located at the COOH terminus of the MAGE‐A10 gene product, was used to stain a multitumor tissue microarray comprising more than 2,500 paraffin‐embedded specimens including healthy tissues, benign tumors and malignancies of different hi...

Gallstone Disease Is Associated With Increased Mortality in the United States

Gastroenterology — Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In the US population, persons with gallstone disease have increased mortality overall and mortalities from cardiovascular disease and cancer. This relationship was found for both ultrasound-diagnosed gallstones and cholecystectomy. (Source: Gastroenterology)

Gallbladder Cancer: Differences in Presentation, Surgical Treatment, and Survival in Patients Treated at Centers in Three Countries

Journal of the American College of Surgeons — Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Despite some differences in presentation, disease extent, and surgical treatment, DSS after curative intent resection was similar among all 3 groups. The most important predictors of outcomes were related to tumor extent rather than country of origin. (Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons)

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[Chemotherapy in gallbladder cancinoma.]

Presse Medicale — Wed, 10 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Abahssain H, Afchain P, Melas N, Ismaili N, Rahali R, Rabti HM, Errihani H Gallbladder cancer is an aggressive tumor. Its incidence varies according to geography. Surgery is the standard treatment for localized stage but there is no standard treatment in metastatic or locally advanced disease. Because of the rarity of bile tract cancer (BTC) and gallblader carcinoma (GBC), most studies have grouped all BTC and GBC together, and there are very few GBC-specific studies. In addition, there is a paucity of randomized controlled studies in this disease with small numbers of patients and inclusion bias. One randomized trial ABC-02 was well conducted and showed a survival benefit in favor of gemcitabine (GEM)+cisplatin (CDDP), which can be regarded as the standard in locally advance...

Microfilaria in liver aspiration cytology: An extremely rare finding

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Gender-specific prognostic markers of patients with gallbladder cancer after surgical resection.

The American Surgeon — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: He XD, Liu W, Tao LY, Cai L, Zhou L, Qu Q The aim of this study was to elucidate gender-specific markers for postresectional long-term survival of gallbladder cancer (GBC) based on a cohort of Chinese patients. Clinicopathological records of 81 patients (27 males and 54 females) after surgical resection for GBC were reviewed retrospectively. The influence of each variable on survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. For females, Cox regression analysis was also adopted. Univariate analysis showed that the absence of lymph node and distant metastases, differentiation grade, and curative resection were associated with prolonged survival for all males, whereas tumor size, differentiation grade, and the presence of lymph node metastases influenced th...

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Cholecystectomy: A Word of Concern

Journal of the American College of Surgeons — Fri, 29 Oct 2010 22:28:37 +0100

We read with great interest the article “Single-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Initial Experience with Critical View of Safety Dissection and Routine Intraoperative Cholangiography” by Arthur Rawlings and colleagues. In this article, the authors reported their experience of 54 patients with biliary colic operated by single-incision laparoscopic surgery performed through the umbilicus. We appreciate the proposed critical view of the Calot triangle obtained by photo documentation before clipping and transecting the cystic structures to assess safety dissection. We agree with the authors' conclusion that as laparoscopic cholecystectomy becomes less invasive, proven safe dissection should be preserved to reduce iatrogenic biliary lesions. On the other hand, we strongly believe that...