MedWorm: Germ Cell Tumors

Calcifying odontogenic cyst with odontogenic keratocyst: a case report and review of the literature

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 15:22:24 +0100

We describe a patient diagnosed with an OKC of the mandible that arose simultaneously with a COC of the anterior maxilla. The occurrence of 2 “cystic neoplasms” in the same patient is an occurrence which to our knowledge has not been previously reported. We discuss the significance of the case and review the current literature regarding these lesions. (Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics)

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Endometrial and ovarian carcinomas with undifferentiated components: clinically aggressive and frequently underrecognized neoplasms

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Laura J Tafe, Karuna Garg, Ivy Chew, Carmen Tornos & Robert A Soslow (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Primary sclerosing neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:40:21 +0100

We describe 10 cases of primary well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the lung with extensive sclerotic changes. The patients were 6 women and 4 men from 20 to 69 years of age. Clinically, patients had symptoms of bronchial obstruction such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. Surgical resection of the tumors was accomplished in all the cases. Histologically, all tumors corresponded to the well-differentiated type; however, in 4 cases, lymph node metastases were present. Immunohistochemically, all tumors showed positive staining for neuroendocrine markers, including chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, and broad-spectrum keratin. Follow-up information showed that 8 patients were alive after a period ranging from 1 to 5 years. The cases presented highlight an import...

The Role of PEDF in Tumor Growth and Metastasis.

Current Molecular Medicine — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hoshina D, Abe R, Yamagishi SI, Shimizu H Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), one of the non-inhibitory serpines, is widely expressed throughout the body. Although PEDF was initially identified as a neuronal differentiation factor, more attention has been paid to its anti-angiogenic activity. Additionally, recent researches have demonstrated that PEDF has an anti-tumor effect against several human neoplasms. This review focuses on the pathological role of PEDF in tumors, especially tumor growth and metastasis. PEDF is an endogenous anti-tumor factor and its clinical application seems quite promising, although there is much to be further investigated. PMID: 20236054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Molecular Medicine)

PPARs in Human Neuroepithelial Tumors: PPAR Ligands as Anticancer Therapies for the Most Common Human Neuroepithelial Tumors

PPAR Research — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 16:29:51 +0100

Neuroepithelial tumors represent a heterogeneous class of human tumors including benignant and malignant tumors. The incidence of central nervous system neoplasms ranges from 3.8 to 5.1 cases per 100,000 in the population. Among malignant neuroepithelial tumors, with regard to PPAR ligands, the most extensively studied were tumors of astrocytic origin and neuroblastoma. PPARs are expressed in developing and adult neuroepithelial cells, even if with different localization and relative abundance. The majority of malignant neuroepithelial tumors have poor prognosis and do not respond to conventional therapeutic protocols, therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Natural and synthetic PPAR ligands may represent a starting point for the formulation of new therapeutic approaches to be u...

Partial Rescue of the KIT-Deficient Testicular Phenotype in KitW-v/KitW-v Tg(TSPY) Mice.

Biology of Reproduction — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, histological analyses of testes and epididymides showed an increased number of meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells in Kit(W-v)/Kit(W-v) Tg(TSPY) mice in comparison to age-matched Kit(W-v)/Kit(W-v) controls. TSPY was able to restore fertility of some but not all TSPY transgenic Kit(W-v)/Kit(W-v) males. Our findings show that TSPY is able to partially rescue spermatogenesis and fertility of Kit(W-v)/Kit(W-v) mutants, and thereby point to a putative role of TSPY on fetal and adult germ cell proliferation. PMID: 20237334 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biology of Reproduction)

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Polymorphisms of FAS and FAS ligand genes and risk of skin cancer

Journal of Dermatological Science — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:28:25 +0100

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States among Caucasians. DNA damage induced by ultraviolet (UV) exposure has been shown to be involved in the etiology of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) . Under normal conditions, UV-induced DNA damage is repaired by DNA repair mechanisms, or cells with damaged DNA undergo apoptosis . Apoptosis can be triggered by one of the two pathways: an intrinsic pathway or an extrinsic pathway. In the extrinsic pathway, a death-ligand binds a death-receptor that is displayed on the cell surface of the damaged cell. FAS ligand (FASL [also known as CD95LG and TNFSF6]) is one such death-ligand, and FAS (also known as CD95, APO-1, and TNFRSF6) is the corresponding death-receptor. Without the ability to un...

Urethral Carcinoma and Hyperplasia in Male and Female B6C3F1 Mice Treated With 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB).

Toxicologic Pathology — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Singh BP, Nyska A, Kissling GE, Lieuallen W, Johansson SL, Malarkey DE, Hooth MJ B6C3F1 mice chronically exposed to 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB), a contaminant of dichloroaniline-derived herbicides, developed a number of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions, including carcinoma of the urinary tract. Groups of fifty male and fifty female B6C3F1 mice were exposed by gavage to TCAB at dose levels of 0, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg five days a week for two years. Control animals received corn oil:acetone (99:1) vehicle. Decreased survival of male mice in the mid-dose group and of male and female mice in the high-dose groups was related mainly to the occurrence of urethral transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma and resulting urinary obstruction. Increased urethral transitional c...

Collision tumors: CAMEL, METRO and other acronyms

JDDG — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We describe two exceptional collision tumors, namely: a 63-year-old woman revealing a melanocytic tumor within a trichoblastoma and a 71-year-old woman with a squamous cell carcinoma colonized by dendritic cells of a melanoma. Both neoplasms showed two different tumor components with intimate relationship. The lesions are labeled in a "playful" way with the acronyms METRO (MElanocytic tumor +TRichOblastoma) and CAMEL (CArcinoma +MELanoma) to facilitate memorization. (Source: JDDG)

Outcome analysis of patients with transformed teratoma to primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

Ann Oncol — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: PNET of GCT origin is associated with an adverse outcome. For low-volume disease, surgery is the optimal initial therapy. CAV/IE may have a role in patients with unresectable disease. PMID: 20231305 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Oncol)

A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis preceding polycythemia vera with literature review

Rheumatology International — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:26:19 +0100

We present a case in which a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis developed polycythemia vera few months later. A review of literature shows that sarcoidosis precedes neoplasms and tends to be a chronic active variety. Our case, by contrast, has been responsive to steroid therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00296-010-1378-5Authors Daniela Tirotta, Medicina Interna, Ospedale Cervesi di Cattolica (ASL Rimini) via Beethoven 1 47841 Cattolica RN ItalyVittorio Durante, Medicina Interna, Ospedale Cervesi di Cattolica (ASL Rimini) via Beethoven 1 47841 Cattolica RN Italy Journal Rheumatology InternationalOnline ISSN 1437-160XPrint ISSN 0172-8172 (Source: Rheumatology International)

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Can a Cure Be Achieved with Taxane-Based Chemotherapy plus Surgery in Patients with Primary Mediastinal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors and Progression or Relapse Despite First-Line Chemotherapy?

Onkologie — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 12:28:05 +0100

Authors: Miskovska V, Levy A, Massard CC, Gross-Goupil M, Bossi A, Fizazi K Primary mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tu-mors (NSCGTs) have a poor prognosis in the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification. There is no clear standard of treatment at relapse. Between 1995 and 2005, 13 patients experienced progression or relapse, and 1 patient was cured with a taxane-based chemotherapy plus surgical resection at our institution. PMID: 20215805 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Onkologie)

The molecular pathogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma.

Cancer Biology and Therapy — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 10:04:05 +0100

Authors: Mackintosh C, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Ordóñez JL, Osuna D, Herrero-Martín D Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) are a group of aggressive solid bone and soft tissue malignancies of children and young adults characterized by specific chromosomal translocations that give rise to EWS-ETS aberrant transcription factors. Identification of EWS-ETS target genes and their role in tumor signaling networks together with the unravelling of the cell of origin will facilitate the translation into new treatment modalities for these neoplasms. PMID: 20215864 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cancer Biology and Therapy)

Imaging of head and neck neoplasms in children

Pediatric Radiology — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 06:47:44 +0100

Abstract The characteristic imaging appearance for a variety of common and/or important pediatric head and neck tumors will be described in this review. These include benign masses such as hemangioma, teratoma, nerve sheath tumors, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and malignant masses such as rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, carcinoma and retinoblastoma. This review focuses primarily on soft tissue tumors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s00247-009-1526-9Authors Caroline D. Robson, Children’s Hospital Boston Department of Radiology 300 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115-5737 USA Journal Pediatric RadiologyOnline ISSN 1432-1998Print ISSN 0301-0449 Journal Volume Volume 40 Journal Issue Volume 40, Number 4 / April, 2010 (Source: Pediat...

Cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies: A clinicopathologic study

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:10:55 +0100

Conclusions: Skin biopsy findings were significant in all cases. The morphological patterns of cutaneous metastases corresponded with the primary tumors and their evaluation helped localize unknown primary malignancies. In cases with known primaries, cutaneous metastases upstaged the malignancy and affected the prognosis. (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology)

Suprasellar/pineal bifocal germ cell tumors

Child's Nervous System — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:39:39 +0100

Conclusions SPBT seem to be an entity defined by a) one tumor in the suprasellar and another in the pineal region, b) GCT with predominance of PG, but not exclusively, and c) MRI and endoscopy without any dissemination. The presence of two tumors does not indicate dissemination; SPBT were non-disseminated but focal tumors, and spinal radiotherapy was not necessary. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00381-010-1120-3Authors Vicente Cuccia, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan. P. Garrahan” Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery Combate de los Pozos 1881 1245 Buenos Aires ArgentinaDaniel Alderete, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan. P. Garrahan” Department of Oncology Combate de los Pozos 1881 1245 Buenos Aire...

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Role of anti-Her-2 therapy in bladder carcinoma

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:10:21 +0100

Abstract Bladder cancer, in its advanced stage, has very few therapeutic strategies with proven efficacy. Platinum-combination chemotherapy can be considered a standard for first-line therapy, but after progression there is no standard therapy, and the prognosis is very poor. The development of targeted therapies in the last few years has significantly changed the prognosis of a wide variety of tumors. In bladder cancer, there is no targeted therapy currently approved for its use in advanced disease. There is evidence that Her-2 amplification and/or overexpression is seen in bladder cancer, and may influence prognosis. Anti-Her-2 drugs, such as trastuzumab or lapatinib, are under investigation in urothelial neoplasms, but there is no phase III trial that has evaluated thei...

Treatment of primary CNS germinomatous germ cell tumors with chemotherapy prior to reduced dose whole ventricular and local boost irradiation

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a reduced irradiation dose strategy for newly diagnosed primary central nervous system (CNS) germinomas.Twenty patients with histologically diagnosed localized pure germinoma (n = 19) or germinoma with a mature teratoma component (n = 1) received four cycles of carboplatin and etoposide at 3-week intervals. In 18 patients, chemotherapy was followed by whole ventricular irradiation to 21.6-25.5 Gy with a simultaneous integrated or sequential primary site boost to 30-30.6 Gy. Initial tumor markers for beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG[beta]) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were evaluated in serum and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Endoscopic biopsies were performed in 12 patients and partial resections in the remaining 8 patients at diagnosis. N...

Management of post-chemotherapy residual mass in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis

Indian Journal of Urology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:12:01 +0100

Fitzgerald John P, Ercole Barbara, Parekh Dipen JIndian Journal of Urology 2010 26(1):64-67The basis of treatment for advanced germ cell tumors is chemotherapy and surgical resection of residual disease. Surgery has maintained its role in staging and therapeutic management. Despite these advances, much of the outcomes depend on proper patient selection. Complete removal of all post-chemotherapy residual masses remains the standard of care in the treatment of advanced nonseminomatous germ cell tumors both within and outside of the retroperitoneum. (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)

Management of good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: Current concepts and controversies

Indian Journal of Urology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:12:01 +0100

Conclusions : In patients with favorable disease based on IGCCCG criteria, clinical stage, STM, and radiographic evaluation are used to guide appropriate therapy to provide excellent long-term cure rates (>92%) in patients with metastatic NSGCT. (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)

Update on management of seminoma

Indian Journal of Urology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:12:01 +0100

Alexander Emma J, White Ingrid M, Horwich AlanIndian Journal of Urology 2010 26(1):80-89Testicular germ cell tumors and, in particular, seminomas are exquisitely radiation and chemotherapy-sensitive and most presentations are highly curable. In recent years the management focus has been on reducing late sequelae of treatment. For Stage I disease surveillance and adjuvant carboplatin, chemotherapy has become an option. The efficacy of combination chemotherapy has been established for advanced metastatic disease. Through a review of the available literature this article outlines the recent changes in the management of seminoma. (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)

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Surgery for retroperitoneal relapse in the setting of a prior retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for germ cell tumor

Indian Journal of Urology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:12:01 +0100

Gotto Geoffrey T, Carver Brett S, Sogani Pramod, Sheinfeld JoelIndian Journal of Urology 2010 26(1):90-95Recognition of the therapeutic role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the setting of testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is of utmost importance. Although the histologic findings of RPLND provide diagnostic and prognostic information, the adequacy of initial RPLND is an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Despite the advent of effective cisplatin-based chemotherapy for testicular GCTs, patients who have undergone suboptimal surgery at the time of initial RPLND are compromised. Despite the initial enthusiasm surrounding anatomic mapping studies, the use of modified RPLND templates has the potential to leave a significant number of patients with unresected retroper...

Intratubular germ cell neoplasms of the testis and bilateral testicular tumors: Clinical significance and management options

Indian Journal of Urology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:12:01 +0100

Conclusion : The optimal management of patients at risk for ITGCN and future TGCT is still a matter of debate. Individualization of management, including biopsy and treatment, should be based on risk factors for TGCT, compliance with potential surveillance, and patient preferences particularly with regard to fertility. (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)

Management options for stage 1 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis

Indian Journal of Urology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:12:01 +0100

Beck Stephen D.WIndian Journal of Urology 2010 26(1):111-114Management of clinical stage I non seminomatous germ cell tumor includes surveillance, primary chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Stratifying clinical stage I disease to high- and low-risk groups for harboring micrometastic retroperitoneal disease (pathologic stage B) is based on pathologic characteristics of the primary tumor. The presence of embryonal dominant histology and lymphovascular invasion (high-risk group) predicts for a 50% incidence of retroperitoneal disease. Low-risk group, the absence of either factor, predicts a 20% chance of retroperitoneal disease. Irrespective of risk classification, all treatment modalities have equal survival rates of 99% to 100%, and differ on...

Optimizing the adjuvant therapy in stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

Indian Journal of Urology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 16:12:01 +0100

Singh Bhupendra P, Choubey Vimal K, Pandey RahulIndian Journal of Urology 2010 26(1):150-152 (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)

Cerebral Infratentorial Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Parkinsonism.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 11:04:05 +0100

Authors: Lin CM, Hong K Though rare, primary intracranial tumors can present with Parkinsonian symptoms, and diagnosis can be delayed unless there is a high index of suspicion. We herein present an 81-year-old man who was seen in our neurology clinic due to acute onset of unsteady gait and altered consciousness. Parkinsonism was initially diagnosed because of the typical manifestations. Levodopa was prescribed; however, there was a limited effect on his symptoms. Upon detail history and neurological examination, left sided hemiparesis was disclosed. Cerebral imaging studies revealed a solid mass over the right infratentorial para-midbrain area leading to reactive obstructive hydrocephalus. Work-up including chest and abdominal CT scanning, upper and lower GI endoscopy, and tumor marker...

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A Current Review of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pediatric Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although PHEO/PGL are rarely diagnosed during childhood, the pediatric provider should be able to recognize and screen for such tumors, particularly in the context of a known genetic predisposition. Optimal care of these children includes a multidisciplinary team approach at centers experienced in the evaluation and treatment of these uncommon yet fascinating endocrine neoplasms. PMID: 20215394 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome in the PNS Euronetwork Database: A European Study From 20 Centers [Original Contribution]

Archives of Neurology — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 20:50:43 +0100

Conclusion The study results confirm that PNS influences oncologic patient survival. Tumors are the main cause of death, but some types of PNS (such as dysautonomia) have a poorer prognosis than malignant neoplasms. (Source: Archives of Neurology)

Patterns of Relapse after Chemotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor.

Oncology — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In high-risk GCT patients, relapse after chemotherapy is detected either by tumor marker elevation alone, radiologic imaging alone or both, in one third each. Close monitoring including serum tumor markers, radiologic imaging and clinical examination appears warranted within the first 2 years. PMID: 20215785 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncology)

Patterns of Relapse after Chemotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

Karger Publishers — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Oncology 2010;78:4753 (DOI:10.1159/000292358) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Function of EWS-POU5F1 in Sarcomagenesis and Tumor Cell Maintenance.

Am J Pathol — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fujino T, Nomura K, Ishikawa Y, Makino H, Umezawa A, Aburatani H, Nagasaki K, Nakamura T POU5F1 is a transcription factor essential for the self-renewal activity and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells and germ cells. We have previously reported that POU5F1 is fused to EWSR1 in a case of undifferentiated sarcoma with chromosomal translocation t(6;22)(p21;q12). In addition, the EWS-POU5F1 chimeras have been recently identified in human neoplasms of the skin and salivary glands. To clarify the roles of the EWS-POU5F1 chimera in tumorigenesis and tumor cell maintenance, we used small-interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing. Knockdown of EWS-POU5F1 in the t(6;22) sarcoma-derived GBS6 cell line resulted in a significant decrease of cell proliferation because of G1 cell cycle arres...

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Commentary on Natural history, growth kinetics, and outcomes of untreated clinically localized renal tumors under active surveillance: Crispen PL, Viterbo R, Boorjian SA, Greenberg RE, Chen DY, Uzzo RG, Section of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Cancer 2009;115:2844–52 The growth kinetics of untreated solid organ malignancies are not defined. Radiographic active surveillance (AS) of renal tumors in patients unfit or unwilling to undergo intervention provides an opportunity to quantify the natural history of untreated localized tumors. The authors report the radiographic growth kinetics of renal neoplasms during a period of surveillance. (Source: Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations)

Improved Outcome of Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors: Implications for the Role of Risk-adapted Intensive Chemotherapy.

J Korean Med Sci — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Yoo KH, Lee SH, Lee J, Sung KW, Jung HL, Koo HH, Lim do H, Kim JH, Shin HJ To determine the impact of treatment protocols on the outcome of central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS-GCTs), we reviewed the medical records of 53 patients who received front-line chemotherapy from September 1997 to September 2006. Pure germinoma, normal alpha-fetoprotein level and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin level <50 mIU/mL were regarded as low-risk features and the others as high-risk. Patients from different time periods were divided into 3 groups according to the chemotherapy protocols. Group 1 (n=19) received 4 cycles of chemotherapy comprising cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin. Group 2 (n=16) and group 3 (n=18) received 4 cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, cycloph...

Pseudoneoplastic lesions of the female genital tract.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions.-Many benign hyperplastic or reactive processes that occur in the female genital tract may be mistaken for neoplasms both clinically and pathologically. Awareness of the features of such lesions will aid in their correct diagnosis and prevent overtreatment of benign processes. PMID: 20196667 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine)

Cardiovascular pseudoneoplasms.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions.-While lacking malignant potential, these lesions can be associated with considerable morbidity and occasional mortality. Their recognition is important in guiding patient management, providing both guidance for appropriate therapy and avoidance of inappropriately aggressive and toxic treatments. PMID: 20196664 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine)

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Carcinoid tumors are low-grade, malignant, neuroendocrine neoplasms. Although rare, they represent the most common primary bronchial tumors in childhood. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term survival and surgical outcome in young patients operated on for carcinoid tumors. Fifteen pediatric patients underwent surgery at the authors' institution. There were 11 male and 4 female patients with a medium age of 15 years (range, 8-18 years). All carcinoids were centrally located and symptomatic. The authors performed 10 (66.7%) parenchyma-saving procedures (5 sleeve lobectomies, 3 sleeve resections of the main bronchus, and 2 bronchoplasties with lung resection) and 5 (33.3%) standard resections (3 bilobectomies and 2 lobectomies). There were 13 typical and 2 atypical carcinoids. Th...

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Narrow Band Imaging in Borderline Ovarian Tumor

The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) comprise 15% of all epithelial ovarian neoplasms, and the outcome is much better than for women with invasive ovarian cancer . The histologic study of peritoneal implants represents a crucial factor in the clinical management of patients with BOT because it identifies patients suitable for systemic chemotherapy . (Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology)

Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas: A Review of Potential Prognostic Factors

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Endometrial stromal tumors are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. The classification of these tumors has evolved and the most current World Health Organization classification (2003) divides these neoplasms into: endometrial stromal nodule, low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma. The salient clinicopathologic features of these tumors are described, and a comprehensive review of literature pertaining to potential prognostic factors in endometrial stromal sarcomas is provided. Clinical factors, including age, race, parity and menopausal status, and pathologic factors, including tumor size, tumor stage, nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, tumor necrosis, lymphovascular space invasion, DNA ploidy and proliferative activity, and expression of hormon...

Primary Cutaneous CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Calzado-Villarreal L, Polo-Rodríguez I, Ortiz-Romero PL CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders are the most common group of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas after mycosis fungoides and its subtypes. This group includes lymphomatoid papulosis and CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; these 2 entities are the extremes of a spectrum with numerous intermediate varieties in which it is not possible to establish a clear diagnosis based on clinical and histopathologic criteria. CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders must be differentiated from other lymphoproliferative diseases with CD30+ cells in the tumor infiltrates, such as mycosis fungoides or Hodgkin disease, and also from other inflammatory conditions or nonhematological neoplasms that can include this cell type, such as pityriasis l...

Pleomorphic adenoma of the external auditory canal: A case report and review of the literature.

Ear, Nose and Throat Journal — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a pleomorphic adenoma in a 32-year-old woman, and we review the literature on glandular neoplasms of the EAC, with particular emphasis on terminology and factors that can hinder the diagnosis. PMID: 20229463 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal)

Mullerian Adenosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Mullerian adenosarcoma is an uncommon, but not rare, mixed tumor containing a neoplastic but benign or mildly atypical epithelial element and a sarcomatous, usually low-grade, stromal component. The most common site is the uterine corpus but adenosarcoma also occurs in the cervix and ovary and more rarely in the vagina, fallopian tube, arising from peritoneal surfaces, or outside the female genital tract, for example in the intestine. Most uterine cases have a polypoid gross appearance, sometimes resulting in the formation of multiple polyps. Characteristic histologic features include a low power "phyllodes-like" architecture with leaf-like projections lined by a variety of benign Mullerian type epithelia, sometimes with squamous metaplasia. Intraglandular stromal protrusions are a charact...

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Cutaneous reactions due to the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: two case reports

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia — Sun, 28 Feb 2010 14:01:59 +0100

O aumento da expressão de receptores do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) está envolvido no estímulo ao crescimento tumoral. Seus inibidores demonstraram eficácia no tratamento de neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço, cólon e pulmão.A inibição do EGFR pode determinar reações cutâneas em mais de 50% dos pacientes. Em geral, são reversíveis, mas, quando graves, limitam o uso da droga. Lesões papulopustulosas em face e tronco são as mais comuns, além de xerose, alterações ungueais e dos pelos. A intensidade da toxicidade cutânea tem relação direta com a resposta antitumoral. Uma abordagem dermatológica adequada é essencial para dar continuidade à terapia contra o câncer de forma satisfatória.An increase in the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) ...

Increased Risk for Extrapancreatic Neoplasms in Patients With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 16:57:46 +0100

Patients with IPMN of the pancreas seem to harbor more nonpancreatic tumors than patients with ductal pancreatic cancer, but why? Medscape General Surgery (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Plasmablastic Lymphoma Involving the Parotid Gland

Head and Neck Pathology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:37:33 +0100

We report a case of an HIV positive man who developed a rapidly enlarging parotid mass. A core biopsy of the parotid mass was evaluated by routine microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. The tumor was comprised of sheets of large cells with abundant cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The cells exhibited a plasmacytic immunophenotype including expression for CD38 and CD138. An in situ hybridization assay for Epstein-Barr virus was positive. These findings were diagnostic of plasmablastic lymphoma. Plasmablastic lymphoma is notoriously difficult to diagnose, particularly when it arises in unexpected sites outside of the oral cavity. As an aggressive lymphoma, plasmablastic lymphoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a high-grade ma...

Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in benign giant cell tumors - a single institution case series and a short review of the literature

Radiation Oncology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: IMRT is a feasible option in giant cells tumors not amendable to complete surgical removal. In our case series local control was achieved in four out of five patients with marked symptom relief in the majority of cases. No severe toxicity was observed. (Source: Radiation Oncology)

Coexistence of tumorlet and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in the lung.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of a 70-year-old female with the simultaneous presence of MALT lymphoma and tumorlet in the middle lobe of the right lung. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a collision tumor at the same anatomical site. PMID: 20189728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pathology, Research and Practice)

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Influence of Suboptimal Treatment in Patients with Mediastinal Primary Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors.

Oncology — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Patients who receive suboptimal treatment have poor clinical outcomes. Providing treatment after considering evidence-based guidelines may be important for improving the clinical outcomes of MNSGCT patients. PMID: 20185939 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncology)

A Human Recombinant Autoantibody-Based Immunotoxin Specific for the Fetal Acetylcholine Receptor Inhibits Rhabdomyosarcoma Growth In Vitro and in a Murine Transplantation Model

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 16:56:45 +0100

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children and is highly resistant to all forms of treatment currently available once metastasis or relapse has commenced. As it has recently been determined that the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) γ-subunit, which defines the fetal AChR (fAChR) isoform, is almost exclusively expressed in RMS post partum, we recombinantly fused a single chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a fully human anti-fAChR Fab-fragment to Pseudomonas exotoxin A to generate an anti-fAChR immunotoxin (scFv35-ETA). While scFv35-ETA had no damaging effect on fAChR-negative control cell lines, it killed human embryonic and alveolar RMS cell lines in vitro and delayed RMS development in a murine transplantation model. These results indica...

Pediatric primary central nervous system germ cell tumors of different prognosis groups show characteristic miRNome traits and chromosome copy number variations

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results integrate molecular profiles with clinical observations and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms causing GCT malignancy. The genes, pathways and microRNAs identified have the potential to be novel therapeutic targets. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)

Author response

Surgery — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 16:02:39 +0100

We would like to thank Dr Heij for his comments concerning our recent report. Understanding the volume-outcome relationship in neuroblastoma (NBL) and Wilms tumor (WT) is critical for providing children with malignant disease the best possible outcome. To this end, our group has published multiple population-based examinations of pediatric patients with malignant neoplasms. We entirely agree that confirmatory studies are needed to define the observations we have made to date; however, we respectfully disagree with the assumptions and conclusions made by Heij in his letter to the editor. (Source: Surgery)

Male infertility in cancer patients: Review of the literature

International Journal of Urology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The number of men surviving cancer at a young age has increased dramatically in the past 20 years as a result of early detection and improved cancer treatment protocols; more than 75% of young cancer patients nowadays are long-term survivors. Quality of life has become an important issue in childhood and adult cancer patients. The commonest cancers in patients of reproductive age are leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphomas and testicular germ cell tumors. Fertility is often impaired after chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Cryopreservation of semen before cancer treatment starts is currently the only method to preserve future male fertility. In some malignancies, especially in germ cell tumors, sperm quality is already abnormal at the time of diagnosis. In approximately 12% of men, no viable sperm...

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An unusual mixed germ cell tumor of the testis consisting of rhabdomyosarcoma, mature teratoma and yolk sac tumor.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lovrić E, Hižak DB, Balja MP, Leniček T, Krušlin B PMID: 20173766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Asian Journal of Andrology)

This Month in Pediatric Urology

The Journal of Urology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Testicular microlithiasis continues to attract interest particularly due to its association with testicular germ cell tumors. The incidence of a testicular germ cell tumor developing in an undescended testis is 3% to 5% vs 0.3% to 0.7% in a normal testis. Testicular microlithiasis also occurs in a higher percentage of boys with an undescended testicle, thus predisposing them to testicular germ cell tumor. Goede et al (page 1539) from Alkmaar, the Netherlands prospectively evaluated the records of boys with congenital (181 boys, 199 testes) and acquired (320 boys, 350 testes) undescended testes specifically noting the presence of testicular microlithiasis. Patients with congenital undescended testes were examined only once while those with acquired undescended testes were followed prospecti...

Editorial Comment

The Journal of Urology — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

What followup should be recommended in a young patient with TM and a history of UDT? The authors report that the incidence of TM in boys and young men with a history of UDT is 2.8%. While this is an important starting point, it does not directly address the clinical question of whether young men with TM and another risk factor such as UDT are at particular risk for germ cell tumor. There is some limited evidence in the literature to suggest that, while the risk of germ cell tumor development in men with incidental TM is low, the risk may be significant in men with TM in association with another risk factor. If that is true, how should such young men be followed? Testicular self-examination is benign and inexpensive and, while of unproved benefit, seems a prudent recommendation. Beyond that...

7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induces sertoli-leydig-cell tumors in the follicle-depleted ovaries of mice treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide.

Comparative Medicine — Fri, 19 Feb 2010 11:34:03 +0100

Authors: Craig ZR, Davis JR, Marion SL, Barton JK, Hoyer PB Ovarian cancer is associated with high mortality due to its late onset of symptoms and lack of reliable screening methods for early detection. Furthermore, the incidence of ovarian cancer is higher in postmenopausal women. Mice rendered follicle-depleted through treatment with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) are a model of ovary-intact menopause. The present study was designed to induce ovarian neoplasia in this model by treating mice with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Female B6C3F1 mice (age, 28 d) received intraperitoneal sesame oil (vehicle; VCD- groups) as a control or VCD (160 mg/kg; VCD+ groups) daily for 20 d to cause ovarian failure. Four months after the onset of dosing, mice from each group received a sin...

Primary Gonadal Germ Cell Tumor Associated With Acute Leukemia With Common Cytogenetics [DIAGNOSIS IN ONCOLOGY]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 23:00:39 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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Plasma cell-free DNA in ovarian cancer

Cancer — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Cell-free DNA reflects both normal and tumor-derived DNA released into the circulation through cellular necrosis and apoptosis. The authors sought to determine the role of preoperative total plasma cell-free DNA levels in predicting clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer.After institutional review board consent, DNA was extracted from plasma of 164 women with invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), 49 with benign ovarian neoplasms, and 75 age-matched controls. The samples were randomly divided into training (n = 144) and validation (n = 144) sets. Quantification of cell-free DNA was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction for [beta]-globin, and the number of genome equivalents (GE) per milliliter of plasma was determined. Cell-free DNA was correlated with clinico...

CD10-positive myxofibrosarcomas: a pitfall in the differential diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CD10 is now commonly used to differentiate atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) from melanoma, spindle cell and dedifferentiated variants of squamous cell carcinoma and leiomyosarcoma. However, we have encountered CD10-positive tumors that mimicked AFX but proved to be myxofibrosarcomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CD10 expression in a wide range of mesenchymal neoplasms that may involve the skin using tissue microarrays. Our results indicate that in addition to AFX, CD10 expression is common in myxofibrosarcomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, dermatofibromas and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Myxofibrosarcomas commonly present in the skin and may be difficult to distinguish from AFX on small biopsies and CD10 positivity may confound the diagnostic difficulty. Clarke LE, F...

Parenchyma-Preserving Resections for Small Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 07:01:20 +0100

Conclusions PPRs are generally safe and effective procedures for treating small NF-PETs. However, better selection criteria must be identified, and lymph node sampling should be performed routinely to avoid understaging. Long-term follow-up evaluation (>5 years) is of paramount importance given the possible risk of late recurrence. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Pancreatic TumorsDOI 10.1245/s10434-010-0949-8Authors Massimo Falconi, University of Verona, Policlinico “GB Rossi,” Chirurgia Generale B (Pancreas Unit), Department of Surgery Verona ItalyAlessandro Zerbi, Vita e Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute Department of Surgery Milan ItalyStefano Crippa, University of Verona, Policlinico “GB Rossi,” Chirurgia Generale B (Pancr...

Linear scalp plaques

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 14:09:40 +0100

An 88-year-old white man presented to our department for the evaluation of multiple scalp lesions of relatively recent onset. There was no pertinent family history. He denied trauma to the area, ever having been diagnosed with an infection of the area caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV), and ever having received radiation therapy. The physical examination revealed multiple indurated, red, and slightly violaceous plaques and nodules on the scalp in a strikingly linear pattern. The collection of tumors covered a 9 cm × 3 cm area on the right forehead, frontal scalp, and parietal scalp (). There was no clinical lymphadenopathy. Review by a dermatopathologist yielded a diagnosis of malignant epithelioid neoplasm, and additional special stains were performed. I...

Leiomyo-adenomatoid tumor of the uterus: a distinct morphological entity?

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 17:59:21 +0100

Conclusions The well-defined circumscription and the presence of mesothelial component intermingled with the leiomyomatous proliferation favors the hypothesis that a leiomyo-adenomatoid tumor should be considered as a subtype of adenomatoid tumor with distinctive morphological features. Only four previous cases of this rare neoplasm have been reported to date, one in the epydidimis and the other three cases in the uterine wall, one of them affecting also to the right ovary. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1383-7Authors Joaquín Amérigo, Torrecárdenas Hospital Service of Pathology Almería SpainMarta Amérigo-Góngora, Torrecárdenas Hospital Service of Pathology Almería SpainAntonio Giménez-Pizarro, Torrecárdenas Ho...

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Integration of Biomarkers Including Molecular Targeted Therapies in Head and Neck Cancer

Head and Neck Pathology — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 06:51:53 +0100

Abstract Head and neck tumors comprise a wide spectrum of heterogeneous neoplasms for which biomarkers are needed to aid in earlier diagnosis, risk assessment and therapy response. The search for biomarkers includes evaluation of tumor tissues and surrogate materials by molecular, genomic and phenotypic means. Ideal biomarkers should be accurate and easy to perform, highly specific, objective, quantitative, and cost effective. Because of the heterogeneity of head and neck tumors, the integration of multiple selected markers in association with the histopathologic features is advocated for risk assessment. For targeted therapy, however, a single key molecule must be identified. Key molecules and pathways for targeted therapy include growth factor receptors, MAPk/ERk pathway...

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: a multicenter study of 58 patients including NF1-associated gastric schwannoma and unusual morphologic variants

Virchows Archiv — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 06:46:47 +0100

In conclusion, PNSTs of the GI tract are rare uniformly benign neoplasms that may show schwannian, perineurial, fibroblastic, or mixed differentiation. Most of them (92%) occurred sporadically unassociated with NF1 or NF2. Gastrointestinal PNSTs are still underrecognized by general pathologists. Awareness of their diverse morphology will help to avoid confusing them with smooth muscle neoplasms and GIST that they may closely mimic. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00428-010-0886-8Authors Abbas Agaimy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Pathologisches Institut Krankenhausstraße 12 91054 Erlangen GermanyBruno Märkl, Klinikum Augsburg Institute of Pathology Augsburg GermanyJulia Kitz, University Hospital Institute of Pathology Göttingen GermanyPeter H....

Positioning of necrotic lobular intraepithelial neoplasias (LIN, grade 3) within the sequence of breast carcinoma progression

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study we have employed array comparative genomic hybridization to determine the patterns of chromosomal aberrations in nine LIN3 lesions. By comparison to array CGH data of 13 classic LIN lesions, we demonstrate that classic LIN and LIN3 share several recurrent changes, in particular gains of 1q and losses of 16q. Both aberrations are known to appear early in tumorigenesis and to be associated with good prognosis. However, apart from this overlap, there were a number of karyotypic features that were observed exclusively in LIN3. Clearly, this lesion was characterized by a significantly higher number of DNA copy number changes (9 vs. 31 on average), a considerable complexity of chromosomal rearrangements with more than 16 breakpoints in one chromosome and overlapping high copy ampli...

Localized intrapancreatic malignant mesothelioma: a rare entity that may be confused with other pancreatic neoplasms

Virchows Archiv — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 11:48:07 +0100

This report also describes the clinical and pathologic characteristics of an intrapancreatic mesothelioma and provides a review of the literature regarding entities that may be considered in the differential diagnosis of this tumor. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00428-010-0885-9Authors Rosanny Espinal-Witter, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 525 East 68th Street New York NY 10021 USAElliot L. Servais, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Surgery 525 East 68th Street New York NY 10021 USADavid S. Klimstra, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pathology 1275 York Avenue New York NY 10021 USAMichael D. Lieberman, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Depa...

ArQule Announces Initiation of Clinical Programs with ARQ 197 in Germ Cell Tumors and Colorectal Cancer

Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

ArQule, Inc. announced the initiation of a Phase 2, single agent trial with ARQ 197 in germ cell tumors (GCT), including testicular and non- central nervous system (non-CNS) tumors, and a Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety of ARQ 197 administered in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who possess the wild-type form of the KRAS gene. (Source: Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer)

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Role of miR-34c microRNA in the late steps of spermatogenesis.

RNA — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bouhallier F, Allioli N, Lavial F, Chalmel F, Perrard MH, Durand P, Samarut J, Pain B, Rouault JP Spermatogenesis is a cyclic process in which diploid spermatogonia differentiate into haploid spermatozoa. This process is highly regulated, notably at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules of about 20-25 nucleotides, are implicated in the regulation of many important biological pathways such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. We wondered whether miRNAs could play a role during spermatogenesis. The miRNA expression repertoire was tested in germ cells, and we present data showing that miR-34c was highly expressed only in these cells. Furthermore, our findings indicate that in male gonads, miR-34c expression is lar...

The role of myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue in central nervous system germ cell tumors

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This review of the experience of high dose chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or refractory intracranial germ cell tumor confirms that sustained tumor control can be achieved with this modality both in germinoma and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors. Data from cooperative groups in Europe and North America suggest that the success rate is higher among patients with recurrent germinoma. The role of adjuvant radiation in that context remains unclear. These promising results have led some cooperative groups to incorporate in their protocols a high dose chemotherapy component for newly diagnosed patients with high-risk features or poor response to initial chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:644-646. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Clinical Activity of mTOR Inhibition With Sirolimus in Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors: Targeting the Pathogenic Activation of mTORC1 in Tumors [Sarcomas]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 23:01:40 +0100

Conclusion Inhibition of mTORC1, pathologically activated by loss of the TSC1/TSC2 tumor suppressor complex, is a rational mechanistic target for therapy in PEComas. The clinical activity of sirolimus in PEComa additionally strengthens the pathobiologic similarities linking PEComas to other neoplasms related to the tuberous sclerosis complex. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Long-term follow-up after risk-adapted treatment in clinical stage 1 (CS1) nonseminomatous germ-cell testicular cancer (NSGCT) implementing adjuvant CVB chemotherapy. A SWENOTECA study.

Ann Oncol — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistical difference in relapse rate between one course of adjuvant CVB and surveillance for VASC- NSGCT patients. Two courses of adjuvant CVB for VASC+ NSGCT patients reduced the relapse rate with >90% in comparison to the surveillance group. Toxicity was unacceptably high for all patients receiving CVB. Adjuvant CVB chemotherapy has no place in the treatment of CS1 NSGCT. PMID: 20142410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Oncol)

ArQule Announces Initiation Of Clinical Programs With ARQ 197 In Germ Cell Tumors And Colorectal Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 07 Feb 2010 08:00:00 +0100

ArQule, Inc. (Nasdaq: ARQL) announced the initiation of a Phase 2, single agent trial with ARQ 197 in germ cell tumors (GCT), including testicular and non-central nervous system (non-CNS) tumors, and a Phase 1/2 clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety of ARQ 197 administered in combination with irinotecan and cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who possess the wild-type form of the KRAS gene. ARQ 197 is an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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ArQule Announces Initiation Of Clinical Programs With ARQ 197 In Germ Cell Tumors And Colorectal Cancer

Cancer / Oncology News From Medical News Today — Sun, 07 Feb 2010 08:00:00 +0100

ArQule, Inc... (Source: Cancer / Oncology News From Medical News Today)

Primary mixed germ cell tumor of the liver with sarcomatous components.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 04:10:08 +0100

Authors: Xu AM, Gong SJ, Song WH, Li XW, Pan CH, Zhu JJ, Wu MC Germ cell tumor (GCT) of the liver is extremely rare. Here, we describe a case of hepatic mixed GCT with significant sarcomatous components and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in a 34-year-old man. Histopathologically, the tumor was composed of two GCTs components: yolk sac tumor and immature teratoma. The predominant components of immature teratoma consisted of several types of tissue that represented different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) and showed varying degrees of differentiation with significant sarcomatous components. The yolk sac component showed positivity for AFP and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). The immature teratoma components showed positivity for varying differentiation markers. Interphas...

Risk of third and fourth tumors in patients with head and neck cancer

Head and Neck — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of our study was to analyze the incidence and location of second and subsequent tumors in patients after an index head and neck carcinoma.A retrospective study was made by reviewing clinical data prospectively collected from 3631 patients with head and neck cancer. Incidence, location, and histology of the second, third, and fourth tumors was evaluated.During the follow-up, 839 second tumors, 147 third tumors, and 35 fourth tumors were diagnosed. The annual hazard ratio was 3.8% for second tumors, 5.1% for third tumors, and 7.8% for fourth tumors. The risk of second and subsequent neoplasms remained constant throughout the follow-up. There were significant differences in the risk of appearance between the second and third tumors (p < .0001), and between the third and fourth t...

Incidence, patterns of care and prognostic factors for outcome of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs): results from the National Cancer Registry of Spain (RGETNE).

Ann Oncol — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This national database reveals relevant information regarding epidemiology, current clinical practices and prognosis of NETs in Spain, providing valuable insights that may contribute to understand regional disparities in the incidence, patterns of care and survival of this heterogeneous disease across different continents and countries. PMID: 20139156 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Oncol)

Mandibular Rim Excision in Seven Dogs

Veterinary Surgery — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

To describe a surgical technique for excision of minimally invasive mandibular tumors at the level of the premolar and molar teeth, and report outcome in 7 dogs that had mandibular rim excision. Case series. Dogs (n=7) with a mandibular tumor at the level of the premolar and molar teeth. Using an intraoral approach to the mandible, buccal, and lingual mucosal incisions are made to obtain a 10 mm clean margin beyond neoplastic tissue. After subperiosteal soft tissue elevation, a curvilinear rim mandibulectomy is performed, leaving the mandibular canal and ventral cortex intact, followed by osteoplasty. The remaining attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa are sutured over the bony defect. Seven dogs were treated (1997[ndash]2008) for odontogenic and early malignant neoplasms involving the mand...

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Ovarian Cancer during Pregnancy: Clinical and Pregnancy Outcome.

J Korean Med Sci — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study results could help establish a guideline for management of ovarian malignancy complicating pregnancy. PMID: 20119575 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Korean Med Sci)

Editorial Comment

Urology — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The aim of transurethral resection (TUR) is to resect all nonmuscle-invasive bladder tumors, but surgery as currently practiced fails in a significant proportion of patient's resection. Incomplete TURs are partly due to the number, size, location, and extent of bladder neoplasm, and in part due to the lack of experience, skill, and diligence of the surgeon. Confirming these observations, the authors provide guidelines to improve the quality of TUR of bladder tumors. Their recommendations are too general and lacking in detail, however, to be useful in individual cases. They state, “Every effort should be made to resect all tumors.” How? (Source: Urology)

Results of RS-99 protocol for childhood solid tumors.

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The RS-99 protocol is well tolerated and is reasonable for the 3 different tumors. Risk-based grouping protocol design is needed and the protocol for high risk RMS should be revised. PMID: 20143210 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP)

The pattern of presentation of salivary gland tumors in Africa: A review of published reports.

Ear, Nose and Throat Journal — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Yaor MA Salivary glands are the site of a wide variety of histopathologic types of benign and malignant tumors. The author reviewed 23 articles from 12 African countries published between 1980 and 2004 to examine patterns of salivary gland tumors. These neoplasms represent a significant health problem in Africa. The author found that patterns of presentation are different from those seen in Western countries; for example, African patients are generally younger at presentation. Also, there may be a female preponderance in Africa, and Warthin tumor is rare. PMID: 20155665 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal)

Imaging of Tumors of the Trachea and Central Bronchi

Thoracic Surgery Clinics — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Tumors of the trachea and central bronchi can be benign or malignant. Clinical presentation may be confusing, particularly in benign tumors that can be misdiagnosed as asthma or chronic bronchitis. Chest radiography has many limitations and is often considered unremarkable in patients with tumors of the central airways; therefore, multidetector CT (MDCT) has become the most useful noninvasive method for diagnosing and assessing the central airways. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of imaging of the tumors of the trachea and central bronchi. We emphasize the crucial role of MDCT and postprocessing techniques in assessing neoplasms of the central airways. (Source: Thoracic Surgery Clinics)

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Retrorectal Tumors.

The Surgical Clinics of North America — Sun, 31 Jan 2010 02:12:14 +0100

Authors: Bullard Dunn K Retrorectal or presacral tumors are rare and can be challenging to diagnose and treat. Because the retrorectal space contains multiple embryologic remnants derived from various tissues, the tumors that develop in this space are heterogeneous. Most lesions are benign, but malignant neoplasms are not uncommon. Lesions are classified as congenital, neurogenic, osseous, inflammatory, or miscellaneous. Although treatment depends on diagnosis and anatomic location, most retrorectal lesions will require surgical resection. PMID: 20109640 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Surgical Clinics of North America)

Irradiated Blm-deficient mice are a highly tumor prone model for analysis of a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies

Leukemia Research — Sat, 30 Jan 2010 14:33:15 +0100

Abstract: Mutations in the BLM gene cause human Bloom syndrome (BS), an autosomal recessive disorder of growth retardation, immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition. Homozygous null Blmm3/m3 mice are cancer prone with a 5-fold increased risk of cancer compared with Blmm3/+ and Blm+/+ mice. Irradiation of Blmm3/m3 mice increased the risk to 28-fold. Tumors occurred mainly in the hematopoietic system and were similar to those in BS based on detailed histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Irradiated Blm-deficient mice thus provide a novel model for understanding accelerated malignancies in BS and a new platform for investigating the molecular basis for a wide range of hematopoietic neoplasms. (Source: Leukemia Research)

Zili Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Signaling by Interacting with Smad4 [Mechanisms Of Signal Transduction]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 14:36:37 +0100

Piwi proteins are required for germ cell proliferation, differentiation, and germ line stem cell maintenance. In normal tissues, human and mouse Piwil2 are primarily expressed in testis but widely expressed in tumors. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In vertebrates, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling plays an important role in patterning embryo and control of cell growth and differentiation. A previous study has shown a role for Zili, a Piwil2 gene in zebrafish, in germ cells in zebrafish. Here we report that zili functions in patterning the early embryo and inhibits TGF-β signaling. Whole mount expression analysis shows that zili expresses not only in PGCs but also in axis. Ectopic expression of zili causes fusion of the eyes and reduction of ...

Late Recurrence and Second Primary Malignancy among 139 Patients with Germ Cell Tumors: Long-term Outcome of the Disease in a Single-center Experience

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 11:44:41 +0100

Conclusions Late recurrence was successfully managed with appropriate treatments, although its incidence was not negligible. Periodic follow-up may be necessary for >5 years in patients with GCTs for early detection of late recurrence. In addition, care should be taken to watch for the development of life-threatening second primary malignant disease during long-term follow-up. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Proteomic analysis of prolactinoma cells by immuno-laser capture microdissection combined with online two-dimensional nano-scale liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Proteome Science — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This manuscript described a more comprehensive proteomic profile of prolactinomas compared to other previous published reports. Thanks to the application of immuno-LCM combined with online two-dimensional nano-scale liquid chromatography here permitted identification of more proteins and, to our best knowledge, generated the largest prolactinoma proteome. This enlarged proteome would contribute significantly to further understanding of prolactinoma tumorigenesis which is crucial to the management of prolactinomas. (Source: Proteome Science)

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Loss of E-cadherin and [beta]-catenin is correlated with poor prognosis of ampullary neoplasms

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study was conducted to examine the correlation of E-cadherin/[beta]-catenin expression with survival and recurrence in ampullary neoplasms.Patients with diagnoses of ampullary neoplasms were enrolled in the study. Demographics, operative findings, and histopathological data were collected by retrospective chart review. Expression of E-cadherin and [beta]-catenin were detected by immunohistochemistry.A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study. Preservation of membranous staining of E-cadherin was noted in 41 (37%) patients, aberrant cytoplasmic staining in 48 (44%) patients, and complete loss in 21 (19%) patients. Loss of E-cadherin was associated with pancreatic invasion, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Membranous staining of [beta]-catenin was noted in 65 (59%) patients, cyto...

Long-Term Follow-Up of Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy in Patients With Disseminated Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: Is a Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection Needed After Complete Remission? [Genitourinary Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 23:04:00 +0100

Conclusion Patients obtaining a CR after first-line chemotherapy can be safely observed without PC-RPLND. Relapses are rare and potentially curable with further treatment. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Management of Disseminated Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors With Risk-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Response-Guided Postchemotherapy Surgery [Genitourinary Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 23:04:00 +0100

Conclusion Modern risk-adapted systemic chemotherapy with or without surgery for current populations of patients with disseminated testicular nonseminoma results in superb outcomes. Patients with disseminated germ cell tumors who obtain a complete serologic remission and no or minimal radiographic residual can be safely observed without adjunctive regional surgery. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) gene alteration in human germ cell tumor cell lines

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 15:47:26 +0100

In this study, aberration of the PARP1 gene and protein was further analyzed in human germ cell tumor cell lines. We found a nonheterozygous sequence alteration that causes the amino acid substitution Glu251Lys (E251K) located at a conserved peptide stretch of PARP-1 in cell line NEC8. Sequencing of 95 samples from Japanese healthy volunteers revealed that all the samples were homozygous for the wild-type alleles at M129T and E251K. The M129T allele is thus suggested to be a rare single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We observed a decrease in auto-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity of PARP-1 proteins harboring M129T or E251K amino acid substitution, but the difference was not statistically significant. The levels of PARP-1 and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation were heterogeneous among germ cell tumor ce...

The potassium channel Ether a go-go is a novel prognostic factor with functional relevance in acute myeloid leukemia

Molecular Cancer — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our observations implicate hEag1 as novel target for diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic approaches in AML. (Source: Molecular Cancer)

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Five-year lung cancer survival

Cancer — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The core strategy of American College of Chest Physicians lung cancer guidelines is identification of the earliest symptoms of lung cancer and the immediate initiation of diagnosis and treatment. In the absence of screening, most symptomatic lung cancer is discovered at advanced stages, with the goal of long-term survival entirely dependent on effective treatment of stage III and IV lung cancer.In a retrospective review, all patients diagnosed with stage IIIA, IIIB, and IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between the years 1986 and 2001 at City of Hope National Medical Center who survived 5 years or longer were analyzed to identify parameters that might predict long-term survival.Of 846 patients presenting with stage III or IV disease, 56 (6.6%) survived 5 years or longer. Sixteen patient...

Tissue Polarity-Dependent Control of Mammary Epithelial Homeostasis and Cancer Development: an Epigenetic Perspective

Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 07:04:17 +0100

Abstract The basoapical organization of monolayered epithelia is defined by the presence of hemidesmosomes at the basal cellular pole, where the cell makes contacts with the basement membrane, and tight junctions at the opposite apical pole. In the mammary gland, tight junctions seal cell–cell contacts against the lumen and separate the apical and basolateral cell membranes. This separation is critical to organize intracellular signaling pathways and the cytoskeleton. The study of the impact of the highly organized apical pole, and notably apical polarity regulators (Crb complex, Par complex, and Scrib, Dlg, Lgl proteins) and tight junction proteins on cell phenotype and gene expression has revealed an intricate relationship between apical polarity and the cell nucleus. ...

Primary Esophageal Carcinoma in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy [Clinical Observation]

Archives of Internal Medicine — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 20:52:05 +0100

Conclusions Primary esophageal carcinoma is another non–AIDS-defining cancer associated with moderate immunosuppression and lifestyle habits including tobacco and alcohol use. The biological behavior, treatment, and outcome of HIV-related esophageal cancer appear similar to the general population with this disease; the same screening and risk moderation strategies are likely to apply. (Source: Archives of Internal Medicine)

Gastric Schwannoma: Two Cases of Laparoscopic Resection and a Review of the Literature

Journal of Surgical Research — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:42:14 +0100

We present two cases of patients who were found to have gastric masses that were both successfully removed laparoscopically. Patient 1 was a 68 year old female who presented with abdominal pain and abnormal liver function tests. Ultrasound confirmed gallstones and a CT scan identified a 3.6cm x 4.2cm mass arising in the gastric fundus. Endoscopic ultrasound identified a submucosal mass and biopsy suggested a schwannoma. Patient 2 was a 45 year female who presented with an 8 month history of abdominal pain which radiated to the right side of the abdomen. The initial impression was cholecystitis, however, ultrasound failed to show evidence of gallstones or inflammation. CT scan identified a 3cm mass in the proximal body of the stomach, which endoscopic ultrasound confirmed as a submucosal ma...

Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 by Nicotine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells: Role of Osteopontin

Journal of Surgical Research — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:41:42 +0100

In this study, we explored the potential proinflammatory role of nicotine in PDA through studying its effect on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein- (MCP)-1 and evaluated the role of OPN in mediating these effects. We also analyzed the expression of MCP-1 and OPNc in invasive and premalignant PDA tissues from smokers and non smokers. Methods: MCP-1 mRNA and protein in MiaPaca, AsPC-1 and HS766T PDA cell lines treated with or without nicotine (3-300nM) were analyzed by real time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Transient transfection and luciferase-labeled promoter studies evaluated the effects of OPNc and OPN protein on the transcription and translation of MCP-1. Confocal microscopy examined the intracellular localization of OPN and MCP-1 in PDA cells. Real time PCR and immunohi...

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Bowel Obstruction after Treatment of Intra-Abdominal Tumors

Journal of Surgical Research — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:41:00 +0100

Purpose: Tumors of the solid viscera are one of the most common types of pediatric malignancies. Due to the intra-abdominal location of many of these neoplasms, laparotomy and/or bowel resection are often necessary. Additionally, chemotherapy and radiation therapy may lead to bowel injury and obstruction. We reviewed our data over an eleven-year period to identify the incidence of obstruction as well as factors associated with its development. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of all patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at a single institution from 1997 to 2007 was conducted. Data collected included demographic factors, operations, incidence of small bowel obstruction (SBO) and the use of adjuvant o...

An Interesting Case of Mediastinal Paraganglioma in an Elderly Woman

Journal of Surgical Research — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:40:24 +0100

Discussion: This case is unique due to the complicated location of the tumor and its successful treatment with surgical resection in an elderly patient. Currently, histopathological evaluation is imperative for the diagnosis of paraganglioma and radical excision is the treatment of choice. Postoperatively, annual biochemical testing is helpful for assessment of metastasis, recurrence and any delayed appearance of multiple primary tumors. Genetic testing of SDHD, SDHC and SDHB genes in the family members is advisable. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels in Pancreatic Cancer

Journal of Surgical Research — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:39:53 +0100

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a uniformly lethal disease with a strong etiological association with chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation contributes to tumor progression by establishing a microenvironment conducive to cancer development and progression. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that is secreted by a variety of cells in response to inflammatory stimuli to activate and attract monocytes/macrophages. We hypothesized that serum MCP-1 levels are elevated in PDA patients with a clinical history of inflammation-associated conditions, such as obesity and smoking. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from patients that underwent pancreatic resection at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between 2006 and 2008. MCP-1 levels in the sera ...

Epidemiologic profile of salivary gland neoplasms diagnosed in São Luís-MA

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial — Sat, 23 Jan 2010 14:50:58 +0100

CONCLUSION: In association with other studies, the present results suggest slight variations in the relative frequency and distribution of salivary gland neoplasms between Brazilian and worldwide populations. (Source: Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial)

Instruments for Estimation of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Skull Base Neoplasms

Skull Base — Sat, 23 Jan 2010 14:11:20 +0100

Skull Base 2010; 20: 005-010DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1242978ABSTRACTWith advances in treatment of patients with tumors of the skull base and associated improvement in length of survival, the need for assessment of quality of life (QOL) is becoming increasingly apparent. A thorough assessment of QOL, including functional, physical, social, and emotional status, as well as disease-specific symptoms, allows for comparison of treatments and informs treatment decisions. In addition, it allows for problems following intervention to be identified and addressed, thereby assisting patients in their pursuits of returning to their normal activities and level of functioning. Although health care providers and researchers are increasingly aware of the need to assess patients' QOL, few standardized measures ...

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Quality of Life in Patients with Skull Base Tumors: Current Status and Future Challenges

Skull Base — Sat, 23 Jan 2010 14:11:20 +0100

Skull Base 2010; 20: 011-018DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1242979ABSTRACTIn selection of the right treatment for a specific patient, the surgeon should consider not only the best approach to remove a tumor but also the impact of treatment on the quality of life (QOL) of the patient. Procedures involving extirpation of skull base tumors may be associated with high morbidity. It is therefore important to study patients with skull base neoplasms, because survival differences between various treatment modalities may be small, yet larger differences are expected regarding morbidity. The overall QOL in the majority of patients after skull base tumor resection can be classified as “good,” with significant improvement taking place within 12 months following surgery. Patients with carcinomas, aco...

The Impact of Advances in Molecular Genetic Pathology on the Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment of Selected Soft Tissue Tumors of the Head and Neck

Head and Neck Pathology — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 09:56:41 +0100

Abstract Recent advances in molecular pathology have had a significant impact on the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of soft tissue tumors. The practical application of these discoveries promises to assist greatly in the evaluation and treatment of soft tissue neoplasms in the head and neck region—an area characterized by exceedingly complex anatomy that often restricts the ample sampling of lesions and complete surgical resection. This reviews details some ways in which molecular techniques have strengthened conventional diagnostic and management approaches to low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, all of which may involve the head and neck region. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ...

BRIT1/MCPH1 Is Essential for Mitotic and Meiotic Recombination DNA Repair and Maintaining Genomic Stability in Mice

PLoS Genetics — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Author Summary The repair of DNA breaks in cells is critical for maintaining genomic integrity and suppressing tumor development. DNA breaks can arise from exogenous agents such as ionizing radiation (IR) or can form during the process of germ cell (sperm and egg) generation. BRIT1 protein (also known as MCPH1) is a recently identified DNA damage responding protein, and its mutations or reduced expression are found in primary microcephaly (small brain) patients, as well as in cancer patients. To investigate BRIT1's physiological functions and dissect the underlying molecular mechanism, we used a genetic approach (gene targeting technology) to delete BRIT1 gene in mice and generated a mouse model with BRIT1 deficiency (called BRIT1-knockout mice). Here, we showed that BRIT1 knockout mice a...

Basal cell carcinoma and pilomatrixoma mirror human follicular embryogenesis as reflected by their differential pattern of SOX9 and beta-catenin.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: An appropriate immunophenotyping validated within the conceptual framework of cutaneous developmental biology allows for a logical classification of adnexal neoplasms. Expanding this approach further has the potential to revise the current classification schemes so that not only BCC and pilomatrixoma but all adnexal tumors can be logically categorized. PMID: 20105172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

Current Update on Borderline Ovarian Neoplasms

American Journal of Roentgenology — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 20:14:22 +0100

CONCLUSION. Borderline tumors are considered to be precursors of low-grade ovarian cancers. Accurate diagnosis and staging facilitate optimal patient management particularly in patients desiring to preserve fertility. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

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Carcinoid tumor of the extrahepatic bile ducts: Sonographic, cholangiographic, and MDCT features

European Journal of Radiology Extra — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Carcinoid tumors of the biliary tree are exceedingly rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of a biliary carcinoid in the radiological literature. We herein report on a 50-year-old female with a history of breast cancer who presented with epigastric pain. Laboratory evaluation revealed results consistent with obstructive jaundice. Right upper quadrant ultrasound and multidetector-row CT scan showed an intraductal and well-defined tumor in the porta hepatis with dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed the intraluminal growth of the tumor was arising from the right hepatic duct. Familiarity with the imaging appearances may prompt early recognition of biliary carcinoids and allow differentiation from other more comm...

p63in Epithelial Survival, Germ Cell Surveillance, and Neoplasia.

Annual Review of Pathology — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 15:54:05 +0100

Authors: Crum CP, McKeon FD The p53homolog p63has emerged as a gene with an enormously complex function that is distinct from that of p53. It encodes two distinct transcript isoforms that have a dramatic impact on replenishment of cutaneous epithelial stem cells and on ovarian germ cell survival. However, although these two fundamental roles of p63 attest to its powerful place in development, its other functions-specifically the apparent capacity of p63, when induced, to supervise the emergence of new cell populations in the breast, prostate, cervix, and upper reproductive tract-are shared by embryo and adult. These observed functions may only scratch the surface of a repertoire that has been postulated to encompass a range of cellular activities, as evidenced by the fact that p63 prot...

Loss of heterozygosity of selected tumor suppressor genes in human testicular germ cell tumors.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vladušić T, Hrašćan R, Vrhovac I, Krušlin B, Gamulin M, Grgić M, Pećina-Šlaus N, Franekić Čolić J Human testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are histologically heterogenous neoplasms with a variable malignant potential. Two main groups of germ cell tumors occur in men: seminomas and nonseminomas. In the present study, a set of four tumor suppressor genes was investigated in testicular cancers. CDH1, APC, p53, and nm23-H1 genes were tested for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Thirty-eight testicular germ cell tumors (17 seminomas and 21 nonseminomas) were analyzed by PCR using restriction fragment length polymorphism or the dinucleotide/tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism method. An allelic loss of p53 at exon 4 was ...

Primary pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma. A case report and review of the literature.

Pathology, Research and Practice — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report herein a further case of a 62-year-old man who presented with progressive dyspnea and bilateral massive hemothorax. The overall pathological and immunohistochemical features of the pleural specimens supported the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma. PMID: 20089367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pathology, Research and Practice)

Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors: an ultrastructural analysis of 13 cases.

Ultrastructural Pathology — Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:56:18 +0100

Authors: Gupta M, de Leval L, Selig M, Oliva E, Nielsen GP Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCT) are tumors of unclear histogenesis. The authors analyzed the ultrastructural features of 13 UTROSCT and correlated the findings with their immunohistochemical profile. Features included cells with frequent organoid, nested or cord-like arrangement (8), lumen formation (2; one of which showed surface microvilli), nuclei with irregular indentations (8), intermediate filaments (13), prominent paranuclear aggregates (5), cell junctions (9), desmosome-like junctions (2), tonofilaments (2), basal lamina (1), and cytoplasmic lipid droplets (7; prominent in 3). No dense bodies, subplasmalemmal densities or pinocytotic vesicles were seen. Ultrastructural epithelial differentiat...

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Giant Cell Tumor of the Frontal Bone in an 18-Month-Old Girl: A Case Report

Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie - Central European Neurosurgery — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 03:01:00 +0100

Cen Eur NeurosurgDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243200Abstract Giant cell tumors (GCT) are benign, but locally aggressive primary bone neoplasms, that frequently occur in the epiphyses of the long bones. Less than 1% of all GCTs primarily involve the skull where they are preferentially seen in the sphenoid and temporal bones. In the pediatric age group they are exceptionally rare.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie - Central European Neurosurgery)

Medial pancreatectomy for a neuroendocrine tumor invading the splenic artery and vein.

JOP — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 19:32:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: We believe that a medial or central pancreatectomy may be a safe procedure where there is involvement of the large splenic vessels by a low grade malignant pancreatic tumor and that a systematic splenectomy is not justified. PMID: 20065560 [PubMed - in process] (Source: JOP)

Mixed endocrine somatostatinoma of the ampulla of vater associated with a neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report and review of the literature.

JOP — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 19:32:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: Because of their rarity, the diagnosis of ampullary mixed endocrine tumors is difficult. Our case points out the characteristic features of these neoplasms and their possible association with neurofibromatosis type 1. PMID: 20065557 [PubMed - in process] (Source: JOP)

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas with concomitant pancreas divisum. A case report.

JOP — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 19:32:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas with concomitant pancreas divisum are extremely rare. PMID: 20065552 [PubMed - in process] (Source: JOP)

Feline conjunctival melanoma: histopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes

Veterinary Ophthalmology — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Feline conjunctival melanoma is most frequently found on the bulbar conjunctiva, are mostly round cells and suggest that conjunctival melanoma in cats has a poorer long term prognosis than the same neoplasm in dogs. (Source: Veterinary Ophthalmology)

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Malignant sweat gland tumor presenting as an unusual dural-based lesion: case report

Journal of Neuro-Oncology — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 18:19:32 +0100

Abstract Malignant sweat gland tumors are rare neoplasms with high recurrence and metastasis rates of over 50%. Clinically, they are often either not diagnosed or diagnosed improperly and are encountered as a histological surprise. Herein, we report a 50-year-old woman who suffered from chronic headaches and a left-side limping gait. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a T1 and T2 heterogeneous intense dural-based lesion at right-frontal convexity. The pathological diagnosis of papillary meningioma was rendered at the time. Because there was no evidence of residual tumor, tumor recurrence, or distant metastases during the three-year follow-up, the clinician believed questioning the initial diagnosis was warranted. After pathological review, the final diagnosis was low-grad...

Do you know this syndrome?

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 14:44:12 +0100

A síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler é uma doença autossômica dominante, caracterizada pelo aparecimento de neoplasias de anexos cutâneos, habitualmente tricoepiteliomas e cilindromas. Ocorre, em geral, na segunda e terceira décadas de vida. A histopatologia revela uma ampla gama de tumores, com diferenciação écrina, apócrina, folicular e sebácea. O tratamento pode ser feito por excisão cirúrgica, laser, crioterapia, eletrofulguração e dermabrasão. Em razão do risco de malignidade, há necessidade de um bom acompanhamento clínico e aconselhamento genético.Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disease with predisposition to cutaneous adnexal neoplasms, most commonly cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas. Its onset is in the second or third decades of life. The...

The Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Back to the Drawing Board

Endocrine Pathology — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 06:47:56 +0100

Abstract The encapsulated follicular variant of papillary carcinoma has become one of the most common diagnoses in thyroid tumor pathology. However, serious issues remain regarding the reproducibility of the diagnosis, its position in the scheme of thyroid neoplasms, and the clinical implications of the diagnosis. Strict morphologic criteria should be applied to its microscopic recognition, especially in regard to the nuclear features. The generally indolent behavior of this tumor should be recognized in order to avoid overtreatment. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s12022-009-9103-1Authors Juan Rosai, Centro Diagnostico Italiano International Center for Oncologic Pathology Consultations Via saint Bon 14 20147 Milan Italy Journal Endocrine PathologyOnline ...

A rare case of simultaneous occurrence of Wilms’ tumor in the left kidney and the bladder

Pediatric Surgery International — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:37:21 +0100

Abstract Wilms’ tumor is the most common malignant solid tumor of the kidneys in children. Extrarenal Wilms’ tumor is extremely rare. Herein, we report an 8-month-old boy with a chief complaint of frequent micturition and dysuria for 10 days. Physical examination and ultrasonography evaluation revealed simultaneous involvement of neoplasms in the left kidney and the bladder. Following excision of the masses, both were identified as Wilms’ tumor by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The two neoplasms are presumed to have developed independently because of the different pathological manifestation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00383-009-2548-yAuthors De-ying Zhang, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Depart...

Twenty-four new members join DF/HCC

DF/HCC: Latest News — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 20:53:00 +0100

Twenty-four individuals have recently joined DF/HCC. See below to learn more about these scientists and their research interests. Tracy Balboni, MD, MPH (DFCI) Head and Neck Cancer; Palliative Care Research focus: palliative care, including the psychosocial aspects of advanced cancer and radiotherapy for palliation with a particular focus on the role of religion and spirituality in the experience of cancer including its impact on coping and end-of-life medical care and the medical setting for patient end-of-life outcomes. Elisabeth Battinelli, MD (BWH) Angiogenesis, Invasion, and Metastasis Research focus: understanding the cellular and molecular basis by which platelets regulate angiogenesis. The specific aims of the lab are to explore how tumor ce...

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Mucin-secreting gastric adenocarcinoma with Rhabdoid areas

The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 14:17:48 +0100

In this report, we describe the case of a 40-year-old patient with gastric adenocarcinoma composed of histologically well-differentiated glandular areas and focal rhabdoid zones. The rhabdoid component showed typical features such as abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli and intense focal positive immunohistochemical cytoplasmic reaction for vimentin. Recognition of the rhabdoid phenotype in gastrointestinal tract neoplasms is important because this feature is associated with poor prognosis and unresponsiveness to conventional therapy. (Source: The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology)

Anterior chest wall giant cell tumor

General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 13:53:18 +0100

We report a case of a GCT originating from the anterior arc of the rib in a 22-year-old woman presenting with a progressively growing thoracic mass in the right anterior chest wall. Through this case the authors emphasize not only the rarity of a bone GCT but also its unusual costal localization. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s11748-009-0463-8Authors Arash Dehghan, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Faculty of Medicine Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Hamedan IranAmir Hossein Moaddab, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine Hamedan IranMahdi Eskandarlou, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Faculty of Medicine Department of Surgery, Scho...

Primary chemotherapy for intracranial germ cell tumors: Results of the third international CNS germ cell tumor study

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCT) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate efficacy of a chemotherapy only strategy, with less morbidity, when compared to regimens with irradiation.Between January 2001 and December 2004 newly diagnosed patients with CNS GCT were treated with one of two risk-tailored chemotherapy regimens. Twenty-five patients aged 4 months to 24.5 years were stratified: Regimen A consisted of 4-6 cycles of carboplatin/etoposide alternating with cyclophosphamide/etoposide for low risk (LR) localized germinoma with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum tumor markers. Regimen B consisted of 4-6 cycles of carboplatin/cyclophosphamide/etoposide for intermediate-risk (IR) germinoma with positive human chorionic g...

Low Grade Glandular Lesions of the Sinonasal Tract: A Focused Review

Head and Neck Pathology — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 18:09:28 +0100

Abstract The sinonasal tract is a complex anatomic site with an exhaustive list of possible diagnoses. While most biopsies or resections encountered routinely consist of common diagnoses such as inflammatory polyps and papillomas, occasional cases are more difficult, and separating reactive or benign from malignancy can be challenging. One of the most poorly understood and daunting categories is low grade glandular or tubular proliferations, particularly on small biopsies. Possible diagnoses such as reactive lesions, respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH), seromucinous (glandular) hamartoma (SH) and low grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas (LGSNAC) must be entertained. REAH is composed of respiratory epithelial lined submucosal glands with variable connection to th...

Seizures and Epilepsy in Cancer Patients

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 18:09:20 +0100

Abstract Seizures in the general population may occur for a variety of reasons, including vascular, infectious, autoimmune, genetic, and traumatic causes. In the cancer population, seizures arise mainly as a result of an infiltrative neoplastic process in the brain. However, seizures as a result of cancer treatment, metabolic causes, or paraneoplastic diseases may occur in patients with systemic cancer, even in the absence of a cerebral lesion. The etiology of seizures in brain tumor patients includes primary cerebral neoplasms and metastatic brain lesions. The treatment for seizures in this population is multifaceted and involves surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and antiepileptic drugs. All treatments have potential adverse effects, especially when combined. The treatmen...

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Anal Neoplasms

Surgical Clinics of North America — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 15:26:09 +0100

A variety of lesions comprise tumors of the anal canal, with carcinoma in situ and epidermoid cancers being the most common. Less common anal neoplasms include adenocarcinoma, melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, and Buschke-Lowenstein tumors. Treatment strategies are based on anatomic location and histopathology. In this article different tumors and management of each, including a brief review of local excision for rectal cancer, are discussed in turn. (Source: Surgical Clinics of North America)

Retrorectal Tumors

Surgical Clinics of North America — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 15:26:09 +0100

Retrorectal or presacral tumors are rare and can be challenging to diagnose and treat. Because the retrorectal space contains multiple embryologic remnants derived from various tissues, the tumors that develop in this space are heterogeneous. Most lesions are benign, but malignant neoplasms are not uncommon. Lesions are classified as congenital, neurogenic, osseous, inflammatory, or miscellaneous. Although treatment depends on diagnosis and anatomic location, most retrorectal lesions will require surgical resection. (Source: Surgical Clinics of North America)

The evolutionarily conserved TSC/Rheb pathway activates Notch in tuberous sclerosis complex and Drosophila external sensory organ development

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 15:53:09 +0100

We report here that inactivation of Tsc1 and overexpression of the Ras homolog Rheb each resulted in duplication of the bristle and socket cells, progeny of the pIIa cell, and loss of the neuronal cell, a product of pIIb cell division. Live imaging of ESO development revealed this cell-fate switch occurred at the pIIa-pIIb 2-cell stage. In human angiomyolipomas, benign renal neoplasms often found in tuberous sclerosis patients, we found evidence of Notch receptor cleavage and Notch target gene activation. Further, an angiomyolipoma-derived cell line carrying biallelic TSC2 mutations exhibited TSC2- and Rheb-dependent Notch activation. Finally, inhibition of Notch signaling using a γ-secretase inhibitor suppressed proliferation of Tsc2-null rat cells in a xenograft model. Together, ...

Intraoperative examination (IOE) in pediatric extracranial tumors

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Intraoperative evaluation of surgical specimens by frozen sections (IOE) is required to distinguish benign and malignant lesions, assess surgical margins, and determine sample adequacy of biopsies. In the last years, it has been used also for therapeutic decisions, particularly in children, who may need other ancillary procedures, in case of malignancies. Our purpose was the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy, limits, and different role of IOE in pediatric pathology.From 1990 to 2001, 416 IOEs were performed in 341 children, affected by lymph node pathology, soft tissue tumors, neuroblastic tumors, gonadal germ cell, and stromal tumors, hepatic lesions, renal tumors, and others; the technique was also used to assess surgical margins during major surgeries. IOEs were obtained from Tru-cut bi...

Teratoma with a malignant somatic component in pediatric patients: The Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP) experience

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Teratoma with a malignant somatic component (TMSC) is rare but described in adults, whereas information on pediatric presentation is sparse.The Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica identified 14 cases of TMSC. Clinical files and pathology specimens were reviewed.The series (9 female, 5 male) showed the following disease: testis (2), sacrococcygeal (3), ovary (3), retroperitoneum (3), mediastinum (2), and foot soft tissue (1). Distribution of the somatic component was: carcinoma (4), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (1), neuroblastoma (3), rhabdomyosarcoma (3), rhabdomyosarcoma plus liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, neurogenic sarcoma (1), chondrosarcoma plus neuroectodermal sarcoma (1), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (1). Three patients were in stage I, four in stage II...

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Measurement of tumor markers in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tzitzikos G, Saridi M, Filippopoulou T, Makri A, Goulioti A, Stavropoulos T, Stamatiou K Tumor markers are widely used for screening certain tumors, however, their use in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients in hemodialysis has been a controversial issue. To determine the reliability of the tumor markers, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CA 125, Alpha-Fetoprotein and Carcinoem-bryonic antigen (CEA), in chronic HD patients, and the impact of active hepatitis C on the variation of tumor markers values, we studied 30 patients (16 men and 14 women) aged from 40 to 78 years old (mean age: 54 +/- 5 years), on intermittent hemodialysis (with a mean duration of 10.5 years), and clinically free from neoplastic disease. The control group included 30 healthy volunteers. All subjects were of Greek origin ...

Primary intracranial myxoma of the lateral skull base: a rare entity in clinical practice.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Oruckaptan HH, Sarac S, Gedikoglu G Myxomas are rare benign tumors arising from mesenchymal tissues throughout the body. These tumors are usually seen in the atrium of the heart and the jawbone. Involvement of the skull base with intracranial extension is extremely rare, and only a few cases of primary intracranial myxomas have been described in the literature. Arare case of primary myxoma of the temporal bone is presented in this article. The patient underwent a skull base surgery with a pre-diagnosis of possible chondrosarcoma. The tumor pathology revealed a diagnosis of myxoma with bone and meningeal involvement. Despite the radical surgery, the tumor showed a local recurrence in three years. A second surgery with subtotal petrosectomy was required. In the article, the etio...

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a review of the literature.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Laurini JA, Carter JE Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms with a spectrum of histologic appearances and biologic activity. The morphologic classification of these lesions has evolved over time, and molecular analysis has led to a better understanding of their nature. The histologic differential diagnosis for these lesions is broad and includes many spindle cell lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, including neoplasms of true smooth muscle and neural origin, proliferating fibrous lesions, metastatic neoplasms, and primary sarcomas of vascular and adipose origin. Immunohistochemical studies that include CD117 have become invaluable in the classification of mesenchymal lesions arising in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tum...

Small Cell Tumors of Bone

Advances in Anatomic Pathology — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Bone tumors are fortunately rare, but small cell tumors of bone are a relatively common subset of these lesions. They comprise of a diverse group of primary and metastatic neoplasms in both children and adults. The most common small cell tumors of bone include Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, small cell osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Although each entity has its distinctive features, the differential diagnosis of this group of tumors is still challenging because they are all "small, blue, and round cell tumors", histologically. The correct diagnosis of small cell tumors of bone depends on an evaluation of clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and genetic features. Patients' age and sex are ve...

Biomolecular Pathogenesis of Borderline Ovarian Tumors: Focusing Target Discovery Through Proteogenomics.

Current Cancer Drug Targets — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vergara D, Tinelli A, Martignago R, Malvasi A, Leo G Tumors of the epithelial surface account for about 80% of all ovarian neoplasms and exhibit a heterogeneous histological classification affecting survival. Tumors of low malignant potential, defined as borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), have a markedly better survival and low recurrence, even if surgery still represents the common management for this type of cancer. It is still debated in the literature if BOTs can be considered as intermediate precursors in the progression to high grade ovarian tumors. Evidences now propose that high-grade serous carcinomas are not associated with a defined precursor lesion. Together with histopathological studies, mutations of KRAS, BRAF and p53 genes, microsatellite instability (MSI) and u...

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Chondrosarcoma of the arytenoid cartilage.

Ear, Nose and Throat Journal — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We report a new case of chondrosarcoma of the arytenoid cartilage in a 47-year-old man, and we discuss the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of this uncommon tumor. PMID: 20155689 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal)

[Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: case report and literature review.]

Cirugia y Cirujanos — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: One may conclude that the solid pseudopapillary tumor is a differential diagnosis in the presence of pancreatic tumors, although due to its rarity it is not the first option to discard. Surgery represents the best treatment for this pathological entity and should be attempted in all cases, independent of the size of the pancreatic injury. PMID: 20226131 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cirugia y Cirujanos)

Malignant schwannoma of the pancreas involving transversal colon treated with en-bloc resection.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 18:44:17 +0100

We describe a case of giant malignant schwannoma of the pancreatic body and tail, which involved the transverse colon. The tumor was treated successfully with en bloc distal splenopancreatectomy and colon resection. This is believed to be the first reported radical operation for malignant schwannoma of the pancreatic body, with infiltration of the transverse colon, with excellent long-term results. The patient is alive and well 28 mo after the operation. The authors conclude that pancreatic schwannomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, although the diagnosis can only be confirmed by microscopic examination. In the case of the benign tumors, local excision is adequate, but in the case of malignant schwannoma, oncological standards must b...

Can we preoperatively risk stratify ovarian masses for malignancy?

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 15:18:28 +0100

Conclusion: This reported series of pediatric ovarian masses demonstrates that preoperative indicators that best predict an ovarian malignancy are a complaint of a mass or precocious puberty, a mass exceeding 8 cm or a mass with solid imaging characteristics. Those patients aged 1 to 8 years have the greatest incidence of malignancy. Tumor markers, positive or negative, were not conclusive in all cases but useful for postoperative surveillance. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

Pediatric ovarian malignancy presenting as ovarian torsion: incidence and relevance

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 15:18:28 +0100

Conclusion: By combining our series with 13 in the literature, a 1.8% malignancy rate occurred in 707 patients with ovarian torsion, markedly less than the reported malignancy rate of 10% in children with ovarian masses. Thus, neither a pathologic nor malignant lead point should be assumed in cases of torsion. In our series, which represents the largest series of torsion in the pediatric literature, all malignancies presented as stage I. These data further support the implementation of operative detorsion and close postoperative ovarian surveillance, with reoperation for persistent masses. Further study is needed to determine if delaying resection by weeks in those cases of persistent masses would result in tumor progression and thus change prognosis. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

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Long-term Outcome of Chemotherapy for Advanced Testicular and Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors: A Single-center 27-year Experience

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 11:15:28 +0100

Conclusions Improvement of medical management during chemotherapy and the development of several regimens for salvage chemotherapy seemed to contribute to improving outcomes of patients with advanced testicular cancer. Newly established chemotherapy regimens are needed for improvement of survival of patients in the poor-prognosis group. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Giant cell tumor-like lesion of the urinary bladder: a report of two cases and literature review; giant cell tumor or undifferentiated carcinoma?

BioMed Central — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Giant cell tumor, excluding its prototype in bone, is usually a benign but local aggressive neoplasm originating from tendon sheath or soft tissue. Malignant behavior is uncommon. Visceral organ involvement including urinary bladder is rare. Giant cell tumors in visceral organs usually accompany epithelial tumors and the clinical behavior of giant cell tumor in urinary bladder is similar to its bone counterpart. Here, we report two cases of giant cell tumor located in urinary bladder in comparison with nine reported cases in the English literature. Concurrent noninvasive urothelial carcinoma was also described in all these previous reports and only one patient with follow-up died of disease. One of the two cases we present had no concurrent urothelial tumor at the time of diagnosis but had...

Deregulation of EZH2 expression in human spermatogenic disorders and testicular germ cell tumors

World Journal of Urology — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 16:43:58 +0100

Conclusion Our data strongly suggest that in TGCT EZH2 does not exert its often assumed oncogenic properties during malignant transformation and progression. High EZH2 levels in normal testicular tissue and the inverse association of its expression levels with the severity of spermatogenic failure point to its potential value as a molecular marker for spermatogenic defects and may indicate an important physiological role of EZH2 during intact spermatogenesis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00345-009-0498-6Authors Stefan Hinz, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Department of Urology Charité, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin GermanyAhmed Magheli, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Department of Urology Charité, Campus Mitte, Charitépla...

Family history of cancer and malignant germ cell tumors in children: A report from the ...

UroToday — Mon, 28 Dec 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 715,... (Source: UroToday)

Malignant transformation of breast fibroadenoma to malignant phyllodes tumor: long-term outcome of 36 malignant phyllodes tumors.

Breast Cancer — Sat, 26 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with malignant phyllodes tumors but without prior history of malignant transformation who exhibit rapid growth within 6 months require aggressive treatment. PMID: 20037753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Breast Cancer)

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Microwave applicator for hyperthermia treatment on in vivo melanoma model

Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing — Thu, 24 Dec 2009 19:49:00 +0100

Abstract In this article, we evaluated a planar microwave applicator for in vivo superficial hyperthermia treatments on small tumors in the mouse mimicking treatments for human neoplasms. The design of the applicator, was challenged by the small dimensions of the tumors and unwanted diffusion of heating in the tumor-bearing animals. The required solution was to limit the penetration of microwaves in the depth of the tissue maintaining the full efficacy of hyperthermia. The study was firstly performed by computer simulations of SAR distribution inside a flat homogeneous phantom, considering various thicknesses of the integrated water bolus. Simulations, validated by the measurements, were also used to evaluate the impedance matching. Further tests were performed on homogene...

Application of immunocytochemistry to the diagnosis of primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the lung

Medical Molecular Morphology — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 23:03:12 +0100

We report a case with focus on immunocytochemistry of imprint cytological specimens here. A 43-year-old Japanese man presented with cough. Brushing cytology of the tumor using a bronchoscope showed a malignant neoplasm. Subsequently, left lower lobectomy was undertaken. Imprint cytological material of the neoplastic cells noted some clusters of round, or oval, to polygonal epithelioid cells. Histological examination showed the proliferation of epithelioid neoplastic cells containing erythrocytes in the cytoplasm. The immunocytochemistry in imprint cytological specimens showed a focal positive reaction for von Willebrand factor, and the immunohistochemistry of the surgically resected lung tumor showed a focal positive reaction for Fli-1, von Willebrand factor, CD31, and CD34. Finally...

Synchronous ipsilateral Warthin tumor encased by a separate mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland: A case report and review of the literature

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a cost effective and low morbidity procedure in the initial assessment of salivary gland tumors. However, cytological assessment of ipsilateral synchronous tumors (which make up less than 0.3% of all salivary gland neoplasms) may pose diagnostic challenges. Therefore, a wholesome approach, including FNA with clinical and radiological correlation, is of utmost importance. Here, we report a unique case of Warthin tumor encased by a separate high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma that was first diagnosed on FNA. Another striking feature seen was the presence of chronic sialadenitis in the surrounding nonneoplastic salivary gland. The presence of two different neoplasms in the background of chronic sialadenitis raises the question of a possible causal relationship....

Useful Immunohistochemical Markers of Tumor Differentiation.

Toxicologic Pathology — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Painter JT, Clayton NP, Herbert RA Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been somewhat underutilized in the practice of toxicological pathology but can be a valuable tool for the evaluation of rodent neoplasms, both in a diagnostic and an investigational role. Determining an exact tumor type using standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of formalin-fixed tissues can be challenging, especially with metastatic and/or poorly differentiated tumors. Successful IHC is dependent on many factors, including species and tissue type, type and duration of fixation, quality fresh or frozen sectioning, and antibody specificity. The initial approach of most tumor diagnosis IHC applications is distinguishing epithelial from mesenchymal differentiation using vimentin and cytokeratin markers...