MedWorm: Ovarian Cancer

Treatment planning of Epithelial Ovarian Cancers using Helical Tomotherapy.

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 06:02:03 +0100

The objective parameters were to obtain uniform and adequate target coverage with maximum OAR sparing. HT plans were generated for five patients with field-width of 5.0/2.5cm, modulation factor of 3.5/3.0, and a pitch of 0.3. A dose of 25Gy in 25 fractions was prescribed to the abdomen with a simultaneous boost of 45Gy in 25 fractions to the pelvis. Dose-volume parameters and various indices were analyzed and compared. Mean volume (standard-deviation) of abdominal and pelvic PTV (planning target volume) was 6630 (+/-450) cm3 and 1235 (+/-98)cm3 respectively. Mean length of PTV in cranio-caudal direction was 41(+/-4) cm. Volume receiving 95% and 107% of the prescription dose, V95% and V107% was 95.6(+/-2.7) % and 2.6(+/-0.5) % for abdominal-PTV, and 95.7(+/-2.4) % and 0% for pelvic-PTV resp...

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UK Professor Helps Develop Test To Detect Ovarian Cancer

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

After four years of research, a new test will help identify cancer in women with ovarian cysts before surgery. Until the OVA1 blood test was created, a precise diagnosis before surgery wasn't possible, said Dr. Frederick R. Ueland, associate professor of gynecologic oncology at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine and a principal investigator on the research project. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

The Int7G24A variant of transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I is a risk factor for colorectal cancer in the male Spanish population: a case-control study

BMC Cancer — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our data suggest that the Int7G24A variant represents a risk factor for CRC in the male Spanish population. (Source: BMC Cancer)

[Therapeutic effect of docetaxel combined with oxaliplatin for treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.]

Journal of Southern Medical University — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Combination of DTX and OXA produces good therapeutic effect with tolerable toxicity profile for treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. PMID: 19923093 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Southern Medical University)

[Correlation analysis between multi-slice CT perfusion imaging and microvessel density in ovarian tumors.]

Journal of Southern Medical University — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging can provide accurate enhancement data of the ovarian tumors and helps in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the ovarian tumors by presenting the changes of the hemodynamic features in the tumors. PMID: 19923065 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Southern Medical University)

Aggressive Treatment of Ovarian Cancer Not Supported By Science

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 17:09:29 +0100

A survey designed to collect information on practice patterns of physicians treating women at high risk for ovarian cancer shows an increase in the aggressiveness of treatment in the past 7 years. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges

Journal of Oncology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 13:50:13 +0100

The epidermal growth factor receptor is overexpressed in up to 60% of ovarian epithelial malignancies. EGFR regulates complex cellular events due to the large number of ligands, dimerization partners, and diverse signaling pathways engaged. In ovarian cancer, EGFR activation is associated with increased malignant tumor phenotype and poorer patient outcome. However, unlike some other EGFR-positive solid tumors, treatment of ovarian tumors with anti-EGFR agents has induced minimal response. While the amount of information regarding EGFR-mediated signaling is considerable, current data provides little insight for the lack of efficacy of anti-EGFR agents in ovarian cancer. More comprehensive, systematic, and well-defined approaches are needed to dissect the roles that EGFR plays in the com...

Expression and Significance of Nrf2 and Its Target Genes in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells Resistant to Cisplatin

Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 13:50:05 +0100

Conclusion It proves that the transcription factor Nrf2 and it’s signal pathways are closely related with drug resistance of tumors. Moreover, this provides a new direction to reverse drug resistance and have significance to avoid and overcome drug resistance of tumor. (Source: Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer)

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 04:12:44 +0100

Authors: Kopacova M, Tacheci I, Rejchrt S, Bures J Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an inherited, autosomal dominant disorder distinguished by hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and pigmented mucocutaneous lesions. Prevalence of PJS is estimated from 1 in 8300 to 1 in 280,000 individuals. PJS predisposes sufferers to various malignancies (gastrointestinal, pancreatic, lung, breast, uterine, ovarian and testicular tumors). Bleeding, obstruction and intussusception are common complications in patients with PJS. Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) allows examination and treatment of the small bowel. Polypectomy using DBE may obviate the need for repeated urgent operations and small bowel resection that leads to short bowel syndrome. Prophylaxis and polypectomy of the entire sm...

Yondelis 0.25mg, 0.5mg powder for infusion (trabectedin) - Change to therapeutic indication

NeLM - Oncology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Revised SPC includes changes to: Section 4.1 (Therapeutic indications) Yondelis in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Section 4.2 (Posology and method of administration) For the treatment of ovarian cancer Yondelis is administered every three weeks as a 3-hour infusion at a dose of 1.1 mg/m2, immediately after PLD 30 mg/m2. To minimize the risk of PLD infusion reactions, the initial dose is administered at a rate no greater than 1 mg/minute. If no infusion reaction is observed, subsequent PLD infusions may be administered over a 1-hour period. (See also PLD Summary Product Characte...

Intravenous contrast ultrasound examination using contrast-tuned imaging (CnTITM) and the contrast medium SonoVue® for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses with solid components

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

To determine whether intravenous contrast ultrasound examination is superior to gray-scale or power Doppler ultrasound for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses with complex ultrasound morphology.In an international multicenter study, 134 patients with an ovarian mass with solid components or a multilocular cyst with more than 10 cyst locules, underwent a standardized transvaginal ultrasound examination followed by contrast examination using the contrast-tuned imaging technique and intravenous injection of the contrast medium SonoVue®. Time intensity curves were constructed, and peak intensity, area under the intensity curve, time to peak, sharpness and half wash-out time were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity with regard to malignancy were calculated and re...

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Cediranib, an Oral Inhibitor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Kinases, Is an Active Drug in Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneal Cancer [Gynecologic Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 23:02:37 +0100

Conclusion Cediranib has activity in recurrent EOC, tubal cancer, and peritoneal cancer with predictable toxicities observed with other TKIs. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Dasatinib Impedes Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells in Laboratory Studies

OncologySTAT What Patients Are Reading — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 13:50:12 +0100

Laboratory studies indicate that dasatinib, a drug used in treating chronic myeloid leukemia, may limit the growth and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Researchers at the University of California at Los... (Source: OncologySTAT What Patients Are Reading)

Ovarian cancer

BMJ Online First — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 11:35:39 +0100

(Source: BMJ Online First)

Role of Computed Tomography in the Surgical Management of Patients with Bowel Obstruction Secondary to Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 09:27:38 +0100

Conclusions CT scan seems to be helpful in patients with a solitary site as the cause of bowel obstruction. All the patients in our study with this finding had a successful palliation. On the other hand, successful palliation is still feasible in the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis on CT scan; therefore, this finding alone should not be the reason to avoid surgery in well-selected patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1245/s10434-009-0813-xAuthors J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology Boston MA USAAlexander B. Olawaiye, Magee-Women’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Division of Gynecologic Oncology P...

[Pharmacological bases of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.]

Bulletin du Cancer — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gladieff L, Chatelut E, Dalenc F, Ferron G Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a very attractive therapeutic alternative in the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma, due to its intraperitoneal spreading. Pharmacokinetic rational was described 30 years ago: a drug administered within the peritoneal cavity diffuse through the peritoneum towards the plasmatic compartment, depending on both its molecular weight and its lipid solubility. A slow output of the drug from the peritoneal cavity and a high plasma clearance are associated with a great pharmacokinetic advantage, illustrated by the area under the concentration time curve ratio. Then it is possible to increase the amount of drug directly delivered at the tumor site, while controlling the systemic toxicity. The agent administe...

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[New drugs and targeted therapeutic agents in ovarian cancer.]

Bulletin du Cancer — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rouge TD, Petrella MC, Michels J, Even C, Balleyguier C, Duclos J, Mazeron R, Morice P, Pautier P, Lhommé C Ovarian cancers are the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies in Western countries. Despite optimal treatment combining surgery and chemotherapy, relapse is observed in the majority of patients. This review aims to present the results of trials having evaluated new drugs in ovarian cancers. Advances in the understanding of cancer biology and more specifically of cell signalling pathways have led to the identification of several potential molecular targets and to the development of new agents directed against these targets. The assessment of targeted therapies is relatively recent in this field. So far, only the results of phase II trials have been ...

[Advanced ovarian cancer: criteria of resectability.]

Bulletin du Cancer — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chéreau E, Ballester M, Rouzier R, Coutant C, Daraï E Residual disease is the first predictive factor for survival in women with ovarian cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy still has not proved superiority in terms of overall survival compared with complete initial resection. Hence, initial surgery remains the cornerstone of management for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Various parameters have been proposed to evaluate the ability of complete resection. Clinical evaluation of peritoneal carcinomatosis and ascite is not relevant enough while general status (ASA score) is correlated with the risk of postoperative complications. Preoperative dosage of CA-125 higher than 500 UI/L seems to be related with an increase risk of sub-optimal surgery. Recently, some author...

Intravenous contrast ultrasound examination using contrast-tuned imaging (CnTI) and the contrast medium SonoVue(R) for discrimination between benign and malignant adnexal masses with solid components.

The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Findings on ultrasound contrast examination differed between benign and malignant tumors but there was a substantial overlap in contrast findings between benign and borderline tumors. It appears that ultrasound contrast examination is not superior to conventional ultrasound techniques, which also have difficulty in distinguishing between benign and borderline tumors, but can easily differentiate invasive malignancies from other tumors. Copyright (c) 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID: 19924735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

The effect of endostatin mediated by human mesenchymal stem cells on ovarian cancer cells in vitro

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:51:09 +0100

Conclusion We found that MSCs possessed great migratory capacity in vitro and the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line SKOV3 could significantly induce the migration of MSCs. Our results provided evidence that MSCs could be utilized as a powerful delivery system of endostatin. The endostatin produced by MSC-EN cells could inhibit the proliferation of SKOV3 cells. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-009-0728-8Authors Jing Jiang, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 246, Xue Fu Road, Nan Gang District 150001 Harbin Hei Longjiang ChinaWei Chen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Harbin Hei Longjiang ChinaRuji...

EntreMed's ENMD-2076 Active In Solid And Hematological Cancers

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

EntreMed, Inc. ( ENMD), a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company developing therapeutics for the treatment of cancer announced the presentation of data for the Phase 1 study for its Aurora A/angiogenic kinase inhibitor, ENMD-2076, in leukemia patients. The Company also announced that it has selected ovarian cancer as an initial Phase 2 indication. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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EntreMed's ENMD-2076 Active In Solid And Hematological Cancers

Lymphoma / Leukemia News From Medical News Today — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Fabrication and functional characterization of goldnanoconjugates for potential application in ovarian cancer

RSC - J. Mater. Chem. latest articles — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Chitta Ranjan Patra, Resham Bhattacharya, Priyabrata Mukherjee (Paper from J. Mater. Chem.) Chitta Ranjan Patra, J. Mater. Chem., 2010, DOI: 10.1039/b913224d To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above. The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - J. Mater. Chem. latest articles)

Jeff Boyd, PhD, Appointed Chair of OCRF Scientific Advisory Committee

OCRF News — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The Board of Directors of the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (OCRF) is pleased to announce that Jeff Boyd, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, PA, has been appointed Chair of the OCRF Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC). The Board of Directors of the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (OCRF) is pleased to announce that Jeff Boyd, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, PA, has been appointed Chair of the OCRF Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC). The Scientific Advisory Committee is charged with evaluating research proposals to ensure that OCRF's funding is directed to the most promising and innovative ovarian cancer research. "We are very fortunate to have a SAC that is composed of leaders in the field of ovari...

[Towards a new standard in cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer.]

Bulletin du Cancer — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Querleu D, Gladieff L, Ferron G, Rougé P The dismal outcome of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal carcinomas calls for an increase in surgical aggressiveness. After a long era during which incomplete cytoreduction was considered acceptable, it has been established that the outcome is directly related to the amount of diseased tissue left in place. Probably as a result of technical imitations of surgeons and anesthesiologists, the majority of teams have fixed a cut-off value of 2 cm to define what was called "optimal" cytoreduction. Although it is now established that reaching the 2 cm cut-off value is the minimal required target, the target has moved towards complete removal of visible implants. However, the methods of assessment of residual disease and the v...

[Quality control criteria in the surgical management of advanced ovarian cancers.]

Bulletin du Cancer — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Querleu D, Narducci F Two concurrent policies can be proposed to improve the quality of care for ovarian cancer surgery: organization of care, audit. The two policies are not to be opposed: the efficacy of any policy must be audited, targets are more rapidly reached and more easily audited when an underlying organization is available. However, the arbitrary definition of criteria is a challenge. The interpretation of results depends on the context of each individual center. There is a definite risk of unwanted effects: competition to reach the cut-off if quantitative caseload criteria are demanded, reduction of the quality of cytoreduction if the complication rate is included, selection of patients if the rate of complete cytoreduction is chosen as a major parameter. Quality c...

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US oocyte donors: a retrospective study of medical and psychosocial issues

Human Reproduction — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 18:11:31 +0100

CONCLUSIONS US-based IVF clinics need to give clearer guidelines to anonymous oocyte donors about follow-up information exchange. Additional long-term studies are needed to ascertain oocyte donors' risks of infertility or cancer. (Source: Human Reproduction)

EC145 shows anti-tumor activity in ovarian cancer

Cancer Network — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100

BELGRADE—Endocyte presented phase IIa data from its trial using EC145 (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin) in women with advanced-stage ovarian cancer at the 2009 European Society of Gynaecological Oncology. The study participants had a median o (Source: Cancer Network)

The endometrium--from estrogens alone to TSECs.

Climacteric — Sun, 15 Nov 2009 11:30:31 +0100

This article reviews publications dating back more than a century describing investigations of the endometrium, including those examining the relationship between endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, the influence of estrogens on the endometrium, and strategies for protecting the endometrium from unopposed estrogen stimulation. Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma studies date from before 1900. The influence of endogenous estrogens on the endometrium became evident with observations of endometrial hyperplasia and/or carcinoma in women with estrogen-secreting tumors or polycystic ovarian disease. Later, observational studies and randomized, controlled trials suggested a relationship between unopposed estrogens and endometrial cancer and hyperplasia. The first, and to date only, effective...

Risk of gynecological cancers in users of estradiol/dydrogesterone or other HRT preparations.

Climacteric — Sun, 15 Nov 2009 11:30:20 +0100

CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the risk of developing gynecological cancers with E/D use of several months to a few years is similar to the risks of developing gynecological cancer without HRT or use of other HRT. PMID: 19905903 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Climacteric)

Leukemia Med May Also Fight Ovarian Cancer

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Sun, 15 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

U.S. medical scientists say they've discovered the drug Sprycel, approved for chronic myeloid leukemia, also is effective against ovarian cancer cells. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

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Changes in expression, and/or mutations in TGF-β receptors (TGF-β RI and TGF-β RII) and Smad 4 in human ovarian tumors

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 20:38:09 +0100

Conclusions Our results suggest that mutations and/or alterations in expression of TGF-β receptors and loss of Smad 4 are frequent in human ovarian cancers and may potentially explain the frequent loss of TGF-β responsiveness that typically occurs in human ovarian cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Orginal PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-009-0703-4Authors Marie Lue Antony, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology Division of Cancer Biology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695014 IndiaRema Nair, Regional Cancer Center Department of Surgical Oncology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695011 IndiaPaul Sebastian, Regional Cancer Center Department of Surgical Oncology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695011 IndiaDevarajan Karunagaran, Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology Division of Cancer Bi...

Endocyte Presents Data On EC145 In Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Endocyte, Inc., a cancer drug discovery and development company, presented data from a Phase 2a clinical trial for EC145, currently in development as a potential treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

New Findings From Northwestern University Describe Advances In Ovarian Cancer

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Sat, 14 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

According to a study from the United States, About half of unaffected BRCA1/2 carriers have a negative family history, confounding efforts toward presymptomatic carrier identification. Ovarian cancer is preventable for known carriers but is otherwise highly lethal. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression in cervical cancer

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 18:22:32 +0100

Conclusions MIF has been shown to promote tumor immune escape mechanisms in other cancer entities, which makes it an interesting target for cancer therapy, given the known significance of immune mechanisms for uterine cervical cancer. The overexpression of MIF on the protein and mRNA level, as well as its secretion by cervical cancer cells points to a critical role of the protein for the pathogenesis of uterine cervical cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-009-0702-5Authors Mathias Krockenberger, University of Wuerzburg Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Josef-Schneider-Str. 4 97080 Würzburg GermanyJörg B. Engel, University of Wuerzburg Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Josef-Schneider-Str. 4 97080 Würzburg Germa...

Cathepsins B, L and cystatin C in cyst fluid of ovarian tumors

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 18:22:31 +0100

Conclusion Further studies are warranted to investigate cathepsins as possible prognostic biomarkers for the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00432-009-0716-zAuthors Eva Kolwijck, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nijmegen The NetherlandsLeon F. A. G. Massuger, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nijmegen The NetherlandsChris M. G. Thomas, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Department of Chemical Endocrinology Nijmegen The NetherlandsPaul N. Span, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Department of Chemical Endocrinology Nijmegen The NetherlandsMarta Krasovec, University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pha...

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CHOICE, an international, observational study to examine current practice use of darbepoetin alfa in the management of chemotherapy-induced anaemia

European Journal of Integrative Medicine — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 13:55:30 +0100

Introduction: In February 2008, the European product label for darbepoetin alfa (DA) in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA) was changed to stipulate target haemoglobin (Hb) values between 10 and 12g/dL. EORTC guidelines on ESA use state similar Hb target levels. The primary aim of this study is to assess adherence to the recommended Hb target range in patients (pts) receiving DA in routine clinical practice.Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational study evaluated the routine clinical practice use of DA in 11 European countries in pts with various non-myeloid malignancies (breast, colorectal, ovarian and lung cancer) at any time during chemotherapy treatment. Key outcome measures were Hb levels and the requirement for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions.Results: 3...

Antimullerian hormone and inhibin B are hormone measures of ovarian function in late reproductive-aged breast cancer survivors

Cancer — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objective was to determine whether antimullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B are such biomarkers. The authors tested whether AMH and inhibin B were impacted by breast cancer treatment by comparing cancer survivors to age-matched control women and determined the association between these hormones and postchemotherapy menstrual pattern.Breast cancer patients (n = 127) with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to III disease who were premenopausal at diagnosis were enrolled postchemotherapy and observed. The primary endpoint was chemotherapy-related amenorrhea (CRA) ([ge]12 months of amenorrhea after chemotherapy). Matched pair analyses compared AMH, inhibin B, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels between cancer and age-matched control subjects. Associations between hormone...

Vascular endothelial growth factor C mRNA expression is a prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer as detected by kinetic RT-PCR in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue

Virchows Archiv — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:39:05 +0100

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a well described chemotactic and growth factor for lymphatic endothelial cells. Its inhibition leads to suppression of lymphatic and distant metastases in mouse models. In ovarian cancer, the relationship between VEGF-C expression and tumor behavior has not yet been determined by a quantitative method in vivo. Therefore, we used a new technique of RNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples and determined the expression levels of VEGF-C mRNA in a study group of 97 ovarian cancer patients. Expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological features and patient survival. High VEGF-C expression was associated with worse overall (p = 0.0393) and progression-free (p = 0.0155) patient...

Genetic and gene expression analyses of the polycystic ovary syndrome candidate gene fibrillin-3 and other fibrillin family members in human ovaries

Molecular Human Reproduction — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 15:49:49 +0100

Several studies have demonstrated an association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the dinucleotide repeat microsatellite marker D19S884, which is located in intron 55 of the fibrillin-3 (FBN3) gene. Fibrillins, including FBN1 and 2, interact with latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-binding proteins (LTBP) and thereby control the bioactivity of TGFβs. TGFβs stimulate fibroblast replication and collagen production. The PCOS ovarian phenotype includes increased stromal collagen and expansion of the ovarian cortex, features feasibly influenced by abnormal fibrillin expression. To examine a possible role of fibrillins in PCOS, particularly FBN3, we undertook tagging and functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis (32 SNPs including 10 that generate ...

Leukemia Drug May Help Some Ovarian Cancer Patients

MedlinePlus Health News — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 14:00:00 +0100

Sprycel limited the growth of cancer cells in lab study Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Topics: Medicines, Ovarian Cancer (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

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Leukemia Drug May Help Some Ovarian Cancer Patients

MedicineNet Cancer General — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Leukemia Drug May Help Some Ovarian Cancer PatientsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/12/2009 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/12/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Cancer General)

Leukemia Drug May Help Some Ovarian Cancer Patients

MedicineNet Womens Health General — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Leukemia Drug May Help Some Ovarian Cancer PatientsCategory: Health NewsCreated: 11/12/2009 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 11/12/2009 (Source: MedicineNet Womens Health General)

Motor Protein-Dependent Membrane Trafficking of KCl Cotransporter-4 Is Important for Cancer Cell Invasion

Cancer Research — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 05:08:17 +0100

This study stresses the important role of KCC4 in tumor malignant behavior. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR on samples collected by laser microdissection and immunofluorescent stainings with different KCC isoform antibodies indicate that KCC4 is abundant in metastatic cervical and ovarian cancer tissues. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulate KCC4 recruitment from a presumably inactive cytoplasmic pool of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to plasma membrane along actin cytoskeleton that is significantly inhibited by LY294002 and wortmannin. Throughout the trafficking process, KCC4 is incorporated into lipid rafts that function as a platform for the association between KCC4 and myosin Va, an actin-dependent motor protein. KCC4 and ezrin, a membran...

Serum estradiol should be monitored not only during the peri-menopausal period but also the post-menopausal period at the time of aromatase inhibitor administration

World Journal of Surgical Oncology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The results indicate that, in some breast cancer patients with ordinary menopause, E2 rebounds following AI therapy. In the future, E2 monitoring should be performed for a larger number of patients being administered AI therapy.Trial registration: Our trial registration number is 19-11-1211. (Source: World Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Statins and LXR receptor agonists offer ovarian cancer hope

MedWire News - Lipidology — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Statins and liver X receptor agonists could become an effective adjunct therapy against ovarian cancer, US researchers say. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)

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Researchers From Mayo Clinic Report On Findings In Breast Cancer

Cancercompass News: Breast Cancer — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

TCF7L2 is a transcription factor involved in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling which has a variant known to be associated with risk of Type 2 diabetes and, in some studies, with risk of certain cancers, including familial breast cancer. No studies of ovarian cancer have been reported to date, scientists in the United States report. (Source: Cancercompass News: Breast Cancer)

Risk Factors for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Histologic Subtype.

Am J Epidemiol — Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gates MA, Rosner BA, Hecht JL, Tworoger SS Previous epidemiologic studies suggest that the major histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer may have different risk factor profiles; however, no known prospective study has systematically examined differences in risk by subtype. The authors used Cox proportional hazards regression, stratified by histologic subtype and time period, to examine the association between ovarian cancer risk factors and incidence of serous invasive, endometrioid, and mucinous ovarian cancers in the US Nurses' Health Study (1976-2006) and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2005). For each exposure, they calculated P-heterogeneity using a likelihood ratio test comparing models with separate estimates for the 3 subtypes versus a single estimate across sub...

FDA Approved Leukemia Drug Shows Promising Activity In Ovarian Cancer Cells

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

The drug Sprycel, approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, significantly inhibited the growth and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells and also promoted their death, a study by researchers with UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

FDA Approved Leukemia Drug Shows Promising Activity In Ovarian Cancer Cells

Lymphoma / Leukemia News From Medical News Today — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 09:00:00 +0100

FDA Approved Leukemia Drugs Shows Promise In Ovarian Cancer Cells

ScienceDaily Headlines — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 01:00:00 +0100

The drug Sprycel, approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, significantly inhibited the growth and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells and also promoted their death, a new study has found. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

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Tissue-Selective Regulation of Aromatase Expression by Calcitriol: Implications for Breast Cancer Therapy.

Endocrinology — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Krishnan AV, Swami S, Peng L, Wang J, Moreno J, Feldman D Aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes estrogen synthesis, is critical for the progression of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BCa) in postmenopausal women. We show that calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, regulates the expression of aromatase in a tissue-selective manner. Calcitriol significantly decreased aromatase expression in human BCa cells and adipocytes and caused substantial increases in human osteosarcoma cells (a bone cell model exhibiting osteoblast phenotype in culture) and modest increases in ovarian cancer cells. Calcitriol administration to immunocompromised mice bearing human BCa xenografts decreased aromatase mRNA levels in the tumors and the surrounding mammary adipose tissue b...

BRCA1 5272-1G>A and BRCA2 5374delTATG are founder mutations of high relevance for genetic counselling in breast/ovarian cancer families of Spanish origin.

Clinical Genetics — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

BRCA1 5272-1G>A and BRCA2 5374delTATG are founder mutations of high relevance for genetic counselling in breast/ovarian cancer families of Spanish origin. Clin Genet. 2009 Nov 11; Authors: Infante M, Durán M, Acedo A, Pérez-Cabornero L, Sanz D, García-González M, Beristain E, Esteban-Cardeñosa E, de la Hoya M, Teulé A, Vega A, Tejada MI, Lastra E, Miner C, Velasco EA Infante M, Durán M, Acedo A, Pérez-Cabornero L, Sanz DJ, García-González M, Beristain E, Esteban-Cardeñosa E, de la Hoya M, Teulé A, Vega A, Tejada M-I, Lastra E, Miner C, Velasco EA. BRCA1 5272-1G>A and BRCA2 5374delTATG are founder mutations of high relevance for genetic counselling in breast/ovarian cancer families of Spanish origin. The distribut...

Role of CSF-1 in progression of epithelial ovarian cancer

Future Oncology — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 17:06:18 +0100

Future Oncology , November 2009, Vol. 5, No. 9, Pages 1429-1440. (Source: Future Oncology)

Apigenin Phytonutrient Cuts Ovarian Cancer Risk

NaturalNews.com — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

This study is not the first to indicate a connection between apigenin and decreased cancer risk. Previous research has found that apigenin decreases the structural stability and inhibits the expression of a protein that is involved in the migration of ovarian cancer cells to other parts of the body. It has also been more directly observed to interfere with the movement of ovarian cancer cells. Apigenin has also been shown to inhibit the expression in ovarian cancer cells of a protein linked to the development of blood vessels in tumors, as well as overall tumor growth.Other studies have found that apigenin inhibits the growth of some breast cancers and may induce programmed cell death. Higher intake of other flavonoids has also been shown to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.The researcher...

Rare form of extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma with solitary tumor in the abdominal wall: A case report and literature review

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Cases of cancer presenting with microscopically confirmed metastatic malignancies for which no primary site can be detected are a challenge to stage clinically. Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site is a subtype with high frequency that has no standard treatment and a poor prognosis. A 32-year-old female was found to have a tumor in the abdominal wall. Tumorectomy was conducted. A pathological examination indicated serous papillary adenocarcinoma, and peritoneal or ovarian cancer was suspected. Exploratory laparotomy and partial resection of the ovaries were carried out, but there were no malignant findings in the peritoneum, ovarian tissue or ascitic fluid. This is an extremely rare case of serous papillary adenocarcinoma with a cystic tumor that was categorized as extraovarian peritonea...

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Tangeretin Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cells through Downregulation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Cell Research — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Arafa ES, Zhu Q, Barakat BM, Wani G, Zhao Q, El-Mahdy MA, Wani AA Combination of innocuous dietary components with anticancer drugs is an emerging new strategy for cancer chemotherapy to increase antitumor responses. Tangeretin is a citrus flavonoid known to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Here, we show an enhanced response of A2780/CP70 and 2008/C13 cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells to various combination treatments of cisplatin and tangeretin. Pretreatment of cells with tangeretin before cisplatin treatment synergistically inhibited cancer cell proliferation. This combination was effective in activating apoptosis via caspase cascade as well as arresting cell cycle at G(2)-M phase. Moreover, phospho-Akt and its downstream substrates, e.g., NF-kappaB, phospho-G...

MiR-15a and MiR-16 Control Bmi-1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer.

Cell Research — Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this report, we identify two miRNAs, miR-15a and miR-16, that are underexpressed in ovarian cell lines and in primary ovarian tissues. We show that these miRNAs directly target the Bmi-1 3' untranslated region and significantly correlate with Bmi-1 protein levels in ovarian cancer patients and cell lines. Furthermore, Bmi-1 protein levels are downregulated in response to miR-15a or miR-16 expression and lead to significant reduction in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and clonal growth. These findings suggest the development of therapeutic strategies by restoring miR-15a and miR-16 expression in ovarian cancer and in other cancers that involve upregulation of Bmi-1. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):OF1-6]. PMID: 19903841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Research)

Breast-feeding the last born child and risk of ovarian cancer

Cancer Causes and Control — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 19:01:18 +0100

Abstract Conflicting reports regarding the relationship between breast-feeding and ovarian cancer risk suggest a possible influence of patterns of breast-feeding. We used logistic regression to examine breast-feeding in a large population of parous women who participated in a case–control study of ovarian cancer in New Hampshire and MA, USA. Risk of ovarian cancer was reduced in parous women who ever breast-fed (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.92), but evidence was limited for an influence of duration of breast-feeding and the number of children breast-fed. Compared to never breast-feeding, inverse associations were seen for breast-feeding all children (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.91) and for breast-feeding some children when the last born child was breast-fed (OR: 0.58; 95% CI:...

GPR30 and estrogen receptor expression: new insights into hormone dependence of inflammatory breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 18:26:50 +0100

Abstract GPR30 is a novel G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (ER) associated with metastases in breast cancer (BC) and poor survival in endometrial and ovarian tumors. The association of GPR30 expression with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive and commonly hormone-independent form of BC, has not been studied. GPR30, ER, progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and HER-2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry (and FISH for HER-2) in 88 primary IBCs. GPR30 expression was correlated with patient overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), pathologic variables, and other biomarkers. GPR30 expression was found in 69% of IBC cases. ER, PR, HER-2, and EGFR were found in 43, 35, 39, and 34% of IBC cases, respectively. GPR...

FDA approved leukemia drugs shows promise in ovarian cancer cells

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 05:00:00 +0100

(University of California - Los Angeles) The drug Sprycel, approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, significantly inhibited the growth and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells and also promoted their death, a study by researchers with UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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IL-2, retinoic acid treatment improves immunity, survival in ovarian cancer

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Low-dose interleukin-2 and 13-cis retinoic acid treatment significantly improves immune function and decreases vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with recurrent, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, show results from a phase II trial. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

Prognostic Impact of Additional Extended Surgical Procedures in Advanced-Stage Primary Ovarian Cancer

Annals of Surgical Oncology — Sat, 07 Nov 2009 07:40:49 +0100

Conclusions Our results may encourage the application of extended surgical procedures in patients who would otherwise be rendered incompletely debulked after primary cytoreduction. We could demonstrate an impact of complete tumor resection on patient prognosis and this was not traded off for extensive additional surgical morbidity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1245/s10434-009-0787-8Authors S. Kommoss, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology Wiesbaden GermanyJ. Rochon, University Hospital Regensburg Center for Clinical Studies Regensburg GermanyP. Harter, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology Wiesbaden GermanyF. Heitz, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Department of Gyneco...

RAS Mutation-Positive Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising in a Struma Ovarii

Endocrine Pathology — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 19:47:38 +0100

We report here a case with RAS mutation detected in a malignant struma ovarii. The patient is a 38-year-old female who had a 2.4 cm ovarian cyst noted incidentally on a first trimester ultrasound. She proceeded to ovarian cystectomy post-delivery, with pathologic examination detecting a papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular variant, arising in a cystic teratoma. The tumor was tested for BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC mutations. HRAS codon 61 mutation was identified. This is the first report of RAS mutation detected in the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma arising in a struma ovarii. It provides evidence that tumors developing in this setting involve molecular mechanisms similar to those implicated in tumors developing in the thyroid gland. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10....

Code Status Documentation in the Outpatient Electronic Medical Records of Patients with Metastatic Cancer

Journal of General Internal Medicine — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 09:44:30 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Despite the incurable nature of metastatic cancer, only a minority of patients had a code status documented in the electronic medical record. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s11606-009-1161-zAuthors Jennifer S. Temel, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7B Boston MA 02114 USAJoseph A. Greer, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7B Boston MA 02114 USASonal Admane, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7B Boston MA 02114 USAJessica Solis, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7B Boston MA 02114 USABarbara J. Cashavelly, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7B Boston MA 02114...

Rhein lysinate suppresses the growth of tumor cells and increases the anti-tumor activity of taxol in mice.

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:06:08 +0100

In conclusion, rhein lysinate offers an anti-tumor activity in vivo and is hopeful to be a chemotherapeutic drug. PMID: 19885952 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine)

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Nektar Completes Enrollment In Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating NKTR-102 In Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Nektar Therapeutics announced that it has completed enrollment ahead of schedule in its Phase 2 clinical study of NKTR-102 in platinum- resistant ovarian cancer. NKTR-102 is Nektar's investigational proprietary compound currently being evaluated in Phase 2 clinical development in ovarian, breast and colorectal cancers. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

Application of a risk scoring system to predict surgical adverse events in the management of epithelial ovarian cancers.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 22:58:04 +0100

Authors: Li AJ PMID: 19883850 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Vasculogenic mimicry of human ovarian cancer cells: role of CD147.

International Journal of Oncology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 22:16:30 +0100

In this study, we found significant correlations between expression of CD147 in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor invasiveness, the activity of the proteases and the ability to form vascular channels. The treatment of SKOV3 cells with small interfering RNA against CD147 suppressed the ability of these cells to generate non-endothelial cell-lined channels. In contrast, transfection of CD147 cDNA into the CABA I cell line resulted in an increased tumor invasiveness and enabled the formation of vascular channels. Altogether, our data suggest that CD147 may play a critical role in VM of CABA I and SKOV3, human ovarian cancer cell lines. PMID: 19885565 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Oncology)

Clarifying Myths: Ovarian Cancer can Have Early Symptoms, can be Successfully Treated

Mayo Clinic Health Information — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 19:10:27 +0100

The September issue of Mayo Clinic Women's HealthSource looks at myths and facts about ovarian cancer. (Source: Mayo Clinic Health Information)

Identification and comprehensive characterization of large genomic rearrangements in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 19:03:58 +0100

Abstract Large genomic rearrangements are estimated to account for approximately 5–10% of all disease-causing mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). We use MRC-Holland Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) to screen for such rearrangements in patients with HBOC and as a first step in our genetic testing workflow. The technique was applied to a set of 310 independent patients and detected eight different copy number alterations, corresponding to 2.6% of the studied samples. MLPA was also found to identify point mutations located in probe sequences. As commercial MLPA tests are not suitable for determining the specific breakpoints or for defining the exact extent of rearrangements, we appli...

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Recurrent ovarian malignancy presenting as cutaneous metastasis

Indian Journal of Dermatology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:03:54 +0100

We report the case of the woman who presented to us with clitoral nodules and skin nodules. Histopathological examination of nodules confirmed the diagnosis of metastasis of an ovarian carcinoma. Despite poor prognosis, the patient responded and survived well beyond the expected four months survival of similar cases. (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology)

The Dachshund gene in development and hormone-responsive tumorigenesis.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Popov VM, Wu K, Zhou J, Powell MJ, Mardon G, Wang C, Pestell RG The dachshund (dac) gene was initially described as a mutant phenotype in flies featuring extremely short legs relative to their body length. Functioning as a dominant suppressor of the ellipse mutation, a hypermorphic allele of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), the dac gene plays a key role in metazoan development, regulating ocular, limb, brain, and gonadal development. In the Drosophila eye, dac is a key component of the Retinal Determination Gene Network (RDGN) governing the normal initiation of the morphogenetic furrow and thereby eye development. Recent studies have demonstrated an important role for human Dachshund homologue (DACH1) in tumorigenesis, in particular, breast, prostate and ovarian ca...

Yondelis approved for ovarian cancer

Pharmacy Europe — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 14:11:55 +0100

Regulators in Europe approve Zeltia's oncology drug Yondelis for ovarian cancer (Source: Pharmacy Europe)

Women with breast cancer have low vitamin D levels, scientists discover

NaturalNews.com — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) At the American Society of Clinical Oncology's Breast Cancer Symposium held in San Francisco recently, researchers from the University of Rochester Medical Center made an announcement that at first glance may seem startling -- at least it may startle people who are unaware of the preventive and healing power of nutrients. When they studied 166 women undergoing treatment for breast cancer, the scientists found the vast majority, about 70 percent, had something other than their cancer in common: they had very low levels of vitamin D in their blood. What's more, women whose disease had progressed to late-stage (i.e. terminal) cancer had the lowest levels of all.According to the researchers' statement to the media, their take away message about the breast cancer study seems to be...

A glycomics approach to the discovery of potential cancer biomarkers.

Cancer Control — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 04:14:09 +0100

Authors: An HJ, Lebrilla CB Glycosylation is highly sensitive to the biochemical environment and plays a key role in development and disease manifestation. Moreover, glycan biosynthesis depends on several highly competitive processes; thus, variations in the concentration of specific glycosyltransferases produce different products. For this reason, monitoring changes in glycosylation may be a more specific and sensitive approach to biomarker discovery and possibly disease diagnosis. Glycans in serum are of particular interest as approximately half of all proteins are glycosylated. We have developed the methods for profiling the glycans in human serum to identify glycan biomarker. Global release methods were used including chemical and enzymatic to access O-linked and N-linked glycans, ...

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Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in ovarian cancer and its correlation with histology

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 21:14:01 +0100

Conclusions No significant differences were noted between benign and malignant ovaries in our population in all four indices of vascularity and perfusion of 3D power Doppler. Further large prospective studies should evaluate the significance of 3D power Doppler using histogram analysis in the early detection of ovarian cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1007/s00404-009-1269-8Authors Iris Ohel, Soroka University Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 151 Beer-Sheva IsraelEyal Sheiner, Soroka University Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 151 Beer-Sheva IsraelBarak Aricha-Tamir, Soroka University Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 151 Beer-Sheva IsraelB...

Breast cancer risks in individuals testing negative for a known family mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:15:42 +0100

Abstract Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in family members of individuals with known deleterious mutations can distinguish between patients at high risk of disease and those who are not. Some studies have suggested that individuals testing negative for known familial mutations (true negatives), may still have a higher risk of breast cancer (BC) than the general population. We have examined a prospectively followed cohort of true negative women in the US. Subjects were close relatives of known BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers who had undergone genetic testing, were negative for the known familial mutation, and were unaffected at the time of genetic testing. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SEER inciden...

Genomic instability and the selection of treatments for cancer

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A critical link exists between DNA mutation and chromosomal rearrangements (genomic instability) and cancer development. This genomic instability can manifest itself as small changes at the nucleotide level or as gross chromosomal alterations. Mutations in the genes that encode DNA damage response proteins are responsible for a variety of genomic instability syndromes including hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma, Bloom's syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, BRCA-associated breast and ovarian cancers and Fanconi anaemia. Similarly, epigenetic silencing of genes associated with the maintenance of genomic stability have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, we discuss how different tumours may be classified not only by tumour site but also by the type of underlying ...

Motor Protein-Dependent Membrane Trafficking of KCl Cotransporter-4 Is Important for Cancer Cell Invasion.

Cell Research — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Epithelial ovarian cancer outcomes unrelated to extreme drug resistance

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:01:27 +0100

The survival outcomes of women with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian, and primary peritoneal cancers are not affected by extreme drug resistance (EDR) to multiple agents in vitro, conclude US scientists. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

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Æterna Zentaris Announces Positive Preliminary Results for Phase 2 Study with LHRH-Receptor Targeted Cytotoxic Conjugate AEZS-108 in Ovarian Cancer

Drugs.com - Clinical Trials — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 13:41:53 +0100

QUÉBEC CITY, Nov. 2 /CNW Telbec/ - Æterna Zentaris Inc. (TSX: AEZ; Nasdaq: AEZS) (the "Company"), a global biopharmaceutical company focused on endocrine therapy and oncology, today announced positive efficacy data from a Phase 2 study... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)

Æterna Zentaris Announces Positive Preliminary Results for Phase 2 Study with LHRH-Receptor Targeted Cytotoxic Conjugate AEZS-108 in Ovarian Cancer

Drugs.com - Clinical Trials — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 13:41:53 +0100

Trabectedin (Yondelis®) approved in Europe for ovarian cancer

NeLM - Oncology — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Source: PharmaTimes Area: News According to PharmaTimes, the European Commission has approved trabectedin (Yondelis®) for use in combination with doxorubicin in the treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer. The report notes that the FDA has requested additional information before approving this drug combination, including overall survival data from an ongoing trial and further clinical pharmacology studies (see link below). (Source: NeLM - Oncology)

FEZ1/LZTS1 protein expression in ovarian cancer

Journal of Cellular Physiology — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the reduction or loss of FEZ1 protein could be an aid to the clinical management of patients affected by ovarian carcinoma. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology)

Loss of heterozygosity at BRCA1/2 loci in hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancers.

J Appl Genet — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 09:18:02 +0100

Authors: Brozek I, Ochman K, Debniak J, Morzuch L, Ratajska M, Stepnowska M, Stukan M, Emerich J, Limon J Loss of heterozygosity at BRCA1/2 loci in breast and ovarian tumors is a suggested risk factor for germline BRCA1/2 mutation status. We evaluated the presence of losses of selected microsatellite markers localized on chromosomes 17 and 13q in hereditary and sporadic ovarian tumors. 151 consecutive primary ovarian tumors (including 21 with BRCA1/2 mutations and 130 without the mutations) were screened for loss of heterozygosity at loci on chromosomes 17 and 13q. Losses of heterozygosity of at least one microsatellite marker localized on chromosomes 17 and 13q were revealed in 123 (81.5%) and 104 (68.9%) tumors, respectively. Losses of all informative markers on chromosomes 17 and 13...

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Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of human serous ovarian cancer by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Analytical Biochemistry — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, 10 housekeeping genes, ACTB, ALAS1, GAPDH, GUSB, HPRT1, PBGD, PPIA, PUM1, RPL29, and TBP as well as 18S rRNA that were already used in various studies were analyzed to determine their applicability. Totally 20 serous ovarian cancer specimens and 20 normal ovarian epithelial tissue specimens were examined. All candidate reference genes showed significant differences in expression between malignant and nonmalignant groups except GUSB, PPIA, and TBP. The expression stability and suitability of the 11 genes were validated employing geNorm and NormFinder. GUSB, PPIA, and TBP were demonstrated as the most stable reference genes and thus could be used as reference genes for normalization in gene profiling studies of serous ovarian cancer, while the combination of two genes (GUSB an...

TGFBR1*6A/9A polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 13,662 cases and 14,147 controls.

Molecular Biology Reports — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liao RY, Mao C, Qiu LX, Ding H, Chen Q, Pan HF Published data on the association between TGFBR1*6A/9A polymorphism and cancer risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 32 studies including 13,662 cases and 14,147 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, significantly elevated cancer risks were associated with TGFBR1*6A in all genetic models (for allelic effect: OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.03-1.21; for 6A/6A vs. 9A/9A: OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.01-1.69; for 9A/6A vs. 9A/9A: OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.01-1.15; for dominant model: OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02-1.15; for recessive model: OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.00-1.68). In the subgroup analysis by cancer types, significant associations were found in breast ca...

The epidermal growth factor receptor responsive miR-125a represses mesenchymal morphology in ovarian cancer cells.

Neoplasia — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report that EGFR signaling leads to transcriptional repression of the miRNA miR-125a through the ETS family transcription factor PEA3. Overexpression of miR-125a induces conversion of highly invasive ovarian cancer cells from a mesenchymal to an epithelial morphology, suggesting miR-125a is a negative regulator of EMT. We identify AT-rich interactive domain 3B (ARID3B) as a target of miR-125a and demonstrate that ARID3B is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer. Repression of miR-125a through growth factor signaling represents a novel mechanism for regulating ovarian cancer invasive behavior. PMID: 19881956 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Neoplasia)

The effects of vandetanib on paclitaxel tumor distribution and antitumor activity in a xenograft model of human ovarian carcinoma.

Neoplasia — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study was designed to determine the effects of vandetanib, a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor, on paclitaxel (PTX) tumor distribution and antitumor activity in xenograft models of human ovarian carcinoma. Nude mice bearing A2780-1A9 xenografts received daily (5, 10, or 15 days) doses of vandetanib (50 mg/kg per os), combined with PTX (20 mg/kg intravenously). Morphologic and functional modifications associated with the tumor vasculature (CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin staining and Hoechst 33342 perfusion) and PTX concentrations in plasma and tumor tissues were analyzed. Activity was evaluated as inhibition of tumor growth subcutaneously and spreading into the peritoneal cavity. Vandetanib t...

Efficacy of Dexmethylphenidate for the Treatment of Fatigue After Cancer Chemotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Cancer and its treatment can induce subjective and objective evidence of diminished functional capacity encompassing physical fatigue and cognitive impairment. Dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH; the d-isomer of methylphenidate) was evaluated for treatment of chemotherapy-related fatigue and cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the potential therapeutic effect and safety of d-MPH in the treatment of patients with chemotherapy-related fatigue. Change from baseline in the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Subscale (FACIT-F) total score at Week 8 was the primary outcome measure. One hundred fifty-four patients (predominantly with breast and ovarian cancers) were randomized and treated. Compared with placeb...

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Ovarian cancer update: lessons from morphology, molecules, and mice.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cho KR Ovarian carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Pathologists currently employ a morphology-based classification system to divide ovarian carcinomas into major subgroups based on degree (tumor grade) and type of differentiation (eg, serous, endometrioid, clear cell, or mucinous). Molecular studies have shown that specific genetic defects are likely to be present in certain histologic types of ovarian carcinomas and unlikely to be present in others. Within the serous and endometrioid carcinomas, the molecular defects in low-grade versus high-grade tumors also appear to be largely distinct. Recently, mouse models of ovarian carcinoma have been developed that recapitulate many of the morphologic features and biologic behavior of selected subtypes of ovarian cance...

Robotics and Gynecologic Oncology: Review of the Literature

The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objectives of this article were to review the published scientific literature about robotics and its application to gynecologic oncology to date and to summarize findings of this advanced computerenhanced laparoscopic technique. Relevant sources were identified by a search of PUBMED from January 1950 to January 2009 using the key words Robot or Robotics and Cervical cancer, Endometrial cancer, Gynecologic oncology, and Ovarian cancer. Appropriate case reports, case series, retrospective studies, prospective trials, and review articles were selected. A total of 38 articles were identified on the subject, and 27 were included in the study. The data for gynecologic cancer show comparable results between robotic and laparoscopic surgery for estimated blood loss, operative time, length of h...

Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer

The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study, based on a Danish national registry, shows what a central database can do for large-scale population studies with most of the confounding variables such as recall and unfilled prescriptions obviated. (Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology)

Local expression of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor, and estrogen receptor alpha in ovarian cancer.

Onkologie — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The increased intratumoral IGF-I and IGF-IR expression suggests an involvement of the IGF-I/IGF-IR axis in the biological behavior of ovarian cancers in this population and could define a potential therapeutic target. PMID: 19887867 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)

The importance of growth factors and steroid hormones in ovarian cancer.

Onkologie — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Langdon SP, Faratian D, Harrison DJ PMID: 19887864 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)

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Qualitative exploration of healthcare relationships following delayed diagnosis of ovarian cancer and subsequent participation in supportive-expressive group therapy.

Oncology Nursing Forum — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Participation in SEGT can advance communication and collaboration in medical care and provide opportunity and resources for psychological healing. INTERPRETATION: SEGT provides a vehicle to enhance the quality of life of patients with ovarian cancer by breaking down the common feeling of isolation, addressing women's frustration and resentment regarding delayed diagnosis, and enhancing relationships with healthcare providers to promote collaborative care in this patient population. PMID: 19887344 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Oncology Nursing Forum)

Biomarkers Fail to Deliver in Ovarian Cancer Detection

Ob.Gyn. News — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

HAMBURG, GERMANY — The combination of four new serum biomarkers did not improve differentiation of adnexal malignancies from benign disease in a study of 83 women, a finding that differs from those of previous studies. (Source: Ob.Gyn. News)

Screening for gynaecological conditions

Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Well-organised cervical screening programmes have reduced the mortality from cervical cancer by up to 50% in the developed world. Despite the successful development of human papilloma virus vaccines there is likely to remain a need for cervical screening for the foreseeable future. In contrast, the value of mass screening for ovarian cancer remains unproven, although current screening methods can detect early stage disease in asymptomatic individuals. Breast screening does appear to be associated with a reduction in mortality in women aged 50–69 years but disagreement remains about its value in younger and older women. Testing for sexually transmitted infections is effective in reducing morbidity but tends to be selective at present because of concerns over the cost and psychos...

1. Commentary on Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial: Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RL III, Buys SS, Chia D, Church TR, Fouad MN, Gelmann EP, Kvale PA, Reding DJ, Weissfeld JL, Yokochi LA, O'Brien B, Clapp JD, Rathmell JM, Riley TL, Hayes RB, Kramer BS, Izmirlian G, Miller AB, Pinsky PF, Prorok PC, Gohagan JK, Berg CD, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 15:30:09 +0100

The effect of screening with prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination on the rate of death from prostate cancer is unknown. This is the first report from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial on prostate-cancer mortality.From 1993 through 2001, we randomly assigned 76,693 men at 10 U.S. study centers to receive either annual screening (38,343 subjects) or usual care as the control (38,350 subjects). Men in the screening group were offered annual PSA testing for 6 years and digital rectal examination for 4 years. The subjects and health care providers received the results and decided on the type of follow-up evaluation. Usual care sometimes included screening, as some organizations have recommended. The numbers of all cancers...

Ovarian Preservation and Staging in Reproductive-Age Endometrial Cancer Patients.

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:45:43 +0100

Page: 726DOI: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000361368.51892.57Authors: Richter, Christine E.; Qian, Biyun; Martel, Maritza; Yu, Herbert; Azodi, Masoud; Rutherford, Thomas J.; Schwartz, Peter E. (Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey)

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The contribution of founder mutations to early-onset breast cancer in French-Canadian women.

Clinical Genetics — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 12:54:13 +0100

Authors: Ghadirian P, Robidoux A, Zhang P, Royer R, Akbari M, Zhang S, Fafard E, Costa M, Martin G, Potvin C, Patocskai E, Larouche N, Younan R, Nassif E, Giroux S, Narod SA, Rousseau F, Foulkes WD In an ethnically-homogeneous population, it is valuable to identify founder mutations in cancer-predisposing genes. Founder mutations have been found in four breast-cancer-predisposing genes in French-Canadian breast cancer families. The frequencies of the mutant alleles have been measured neither in a large series of unselected breast cancer patients from Quebec, nor in healthy controls. These estimates are necessary to measure their contribution to the hereditary burden of breast cancer in Quebec and to help develop genetic screening policies which are appropriate for the province. We stud...

Predicting which patients with ovarian carcinoma are not suitable for primary cytoreduction

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

No Abstracts. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

[Comment] Screening for prostate cancer remains controversial

LANCET — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The effectiveness of prostate-cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for mortality reduction and quality-of-life improvement remains uncertain after the recent publication of two large trials—the European randomised study of screening for prostate cancer (ERSPC) and the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. (Source: LANCET)

Nidogen-2: A New Serum Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer.

Clinical Biochemistry — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Nidogen-2 is a new biomarker for ovarian cancer which correlates closely with CA125. PMID: 19883638 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Biochemistry)

A Glycomics Approach to the Discovery of Potential Cancer Biomarkers

Springer protocols feed by Biochemistry — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Glycosylation is highly sensitive to the biochemical environment and plays a key role in development and disease manifestation. Moreover, glycan biosynthesis depends on several highly competitive processes; thus, variations in the concentration of specific glycosyltransferases produce different products. For this reason, monitoring changes in glycosylation may be a more specific and sensitive approach to biomarker discovery and possibly disease diagnosis. Glycans in serum are of particular interest as approximately half of all proteins are glycosylated. We have developed the methods for profiling the glycans in human serum to identify glycan biomarker. Global release methods were used including chemical and enzymatic to access O-linked and N-linked glycans, respectively. Glycans were relea...

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Phase I Active Immunotherapy With Combination of Two Chimeric, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, B-Cell Epitopes Fused to a Promiscuous T-Cell Epitope in Patients With Metastatic and/or Recurrent Solid Tumors [Phase I and Clinical Pharmacology]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 22:02:56 +0100

Conclusion The combination vaccines were safe and effective in eliciting antibody responses in a subset of patients (62.5%) and were associated with no serious adverse events, autoimmune disease, or cardiotoxicity. There was preliminary evidence of clinical activity in several patients. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

The Leu33Pro polymorphism in the ITGB3 gene does not modify BRCA1/2-associated breast or ovarian cancer risks: results from a multicenter study among 15,542 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 19:51:12 +0100

Abstract Integrins containing the β3 subunit are key players in tumor growth and metastasis. A functional Leu33Pro polymorphism (rs5918) in the β3 subunit of the integrin gene (ITGB3) has previously been suggested to act as a modifier of ovarian cancer risk in Polish BRCA1 mutation carriers. To investigate the association further, we genotyped 9,998 BRCA1 and 5,544 BRCA2 mutation carriers from 34 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for the ITGB3 Leu33Pro polymorphism. Data were analysed within a Cox-proportional hazards framework using a retrospective likelihood approach. There was marginal evidence that the ITGB3 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers (per-allele Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.11...

BRCA testing in women with familial, personal history of ovarian cancer may reduce cases in first-degree relatives

HemOncToday.com — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 11:45:00 +0100

(Source: HemOncToday.com)

Nektar Completes Enrollment Ahead Of Schedule In Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating NKTR-102 In Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Nektar Therapeutics (Nasdaq: NKTR) announced that it has completed enrollment ahead of schedule in its Phase 2 clinical study of NKTR-102 in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. NKTR-102 is Nektar's investigational proprietary compound currently being evaluated in Phase 2 clinical development in ovarian, breast and colorectal cancers. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

A coumarin derivative (RKS262) inhibits cell-cycle progression, causes pro-apoptotic signaling and cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells

Investigational New Drugs — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:22:20 +0100

Summary Coumarin derivative RKS262 belongs to a new class of potential anti-tumor agents. RKS262 was identified by structural optimization of Nifurtimox which is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. In a NCI60 cell-line assay RKS262 exhibited significant cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells and a variety of other cell lines exceeding effects of commercial drugs such as cisplatin, 5-FU, cyclophosphamide or sapacitabine. Various leukemia cell-lines were most sensitive (GI50: ~ 10 nM) while several non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and few cell lines from other tissues were relatively resistant (GI50 > 1 µM) to RKS262 treatment. The mechanism of cytotoxicity was examined using ovarian cancer cell-line OVCAR-3 as ...

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Concordant Gene Expression Signatures Predict Clinical Outcomes of Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Therapy

Cancer Research — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 04:08:14 +0100

Conventional development of multivariate gene expression models (GEM) predicting therapeutic response of cancer patients is based on analysis of patients treated with specific regimens, which limits generalization to different or novel drug combinations. We overcome this limitation by developing GEMs based on in vitro drug sensitivities and microarray analyses of the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. These GEMs were evaluated in blind fashion as predictors of tumor response and/or patient survival in seven independent cohorts of patients with breast (n = 275), bladder (n = 59), and ovarian (n= 143) cancer treated with multiagent chemotherapy, of which 233 patients were from prospectively enrolled clinical trials. In all studies, GEMs effectively stratified tumor response and patient survival ...

[Review] Management of endometrial cancer in Asia: consensus statement from the Asian Oncology Summit 2009

The Lancet Oncology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the available evidence for optimum management of endometrial cancer and how management strategies can be applied in Asian countries with different levels of health-care resource availability and economic development. An overview of the literature for endometrial-cancer screening, diagnosis, and management is discussed. Consensus statements are formulated on the basis of basic, limited, enhanced, and maximum health-care resource availability, using the framework provided by the Breast Health Global Initiative. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

Risk of ovarian failure and fertility preserving methods in girls and adolescents with a malignant disease

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the effect of chemo- and radiotherapy on gonadal function, and thus fertility, and offers different fertility preserving methods based on the literature. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a possible way of preserving fertility in this group of patients in the future. (Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Metformin attenuates ovarian cancer cell growth in an AMP- kinase dispensable manner.

J Cell Mol Med — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rattan R, Giri S, Hartmann L, Shridhar V ABSTRACT Metformin, the most widely used drug for type 2 diabetes activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates cellular energy metabolism. Here, we report that ovarian cell lines VOSE, A2780, CP70, C200, OV202, OVCAR3, SKOV3ip, PE01 and PE04 predominantly express -alpha1, -beta1, -gamma1 and -gamma2 isoforms of AMPK subunits. Our studies show that metformin treatment (1) significantly inhibited proliferation of diverse chemo-responsive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, CP70, C200, OV202, OVCAR3, SKVO3ip, PE01 and PE04), (2) caused cell cycle arrest accompanied by decreased cyclin D1 and increased p21 protein expression, (3) activated AMPK in various ovarian cancer cell lines as evident from increased pho...

The Couples' Illness Communication Scale (CICS): Development and evaluation of a brief measure assessing illness-related couple communication.

British Journal of Health Psychology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The CICS meets the majority of psychometric criteria for assessment measures in both a life-threatening illness (ovarian cancer) and a chronic progressive disease (MS). Further research is required to understand its suitability for use in other populations. Adoption of the CICS into couple-related research will improve understanding of the role of illness-related communication in adjustment to illness. Use of this short, simple tool in a clinical setting can provide a springboard for addressing difficulties with illness-related couple communication and could aid decision making for referrals to couple counselling. PMID: 19878621 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Health Psychology)

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Ovarian cancer screening and early detection

Future Medicine: Women's Health — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 16:45:53 +0100

Women's Health , November 2009, Vol. 5, No. 6, Pages 693-699. (Source: Future Medicine: Women's Health)

Epidermal growth factor increases lysophosphatidic acid production in human ovarian cancer cells: roles for phospholipase d2 and receptor transactivation.

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study explores the role of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) activation in LPA production, as well as cross-talk between EGF and LPA receptors. We demonstrate that EGF and LPA both stimulate production of LPA by OVCAR3 and SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell lines. PD158780, an EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks LPA production in response to both EGF and LPA in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of LPA receptor signaling, inhibits LPA production in response to both EGF and LPA. Similar results were observed for the LPA receptor antagonist, Ki16425. Over-expression of PLD2 increases LPA production, while knockdown of PLD2 blocks EGF-induced LPA production. A phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor also blocks LPA- and EGF-induced LPA production. These results indicate that...

Phase II randomized study of trabectedin given as two different every 3 weeks dose schedules (1.5 mg/m2 24 h or 1.3 mg/m2 3 h) to patients with relapsed, platinum-sensitive, advanced ovarian cancer

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 20:01:10 +0100

Conclusions: Both every-3-weeks trabectedin regimes, 1.5 mg/m2 24 h and 1.3 mg/m2 3 h, were active and reasonably well tolerated in AOC platinum-sensitive patients. Trabectedin every-3-weeks has promising activity and deserves to be further evaluated in relapsed AOC. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Ovarian Cancer

Springer Medicine titles — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:02:40 +0100

Second Edition series: Cancer Treatment and Research Ovarian carcinoma continues to be responsible for more deaths than all other gynecologic malignancies combined, due to a continued inability to achieve detection of early (rather than advanced) stage disease and the lack of effective tumor-specific therapeutics. Ovarian carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastatic dissemination require a complex cascade of interrelated genetic, ... (Source: Springer Medicine titles)

Activity of the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib against ovarian cancer cells

British Journal of Cancer AOP — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: G E Konecny, R Glas, J Dering, K Manivong, J Qi, R S Finn, G R Yang, K-L Hong, C Ginther, B Winterhoff, G Gao, J Brugge & D J Slamon (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)

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No evidence for glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 in breast cancer risk

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 18:10:09 +0100

Abstract Breast cancer is a complex disease and in recent years a number of breast cancer susceptibility genes have been identified, but the role of low penetrance susceptibility genes has not been completely resolved. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification of chemical carcinogens and environmental pollutants and play an important role in cell defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. They have been in the spot light for the investigation of a potential association with breast cancer risk but so far, sparse or even no data for a potential contribution of GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO, and GSTZ to breast cancer risk are available. We genotyped GSTA2_448_C > G (rs2180314), GSTA2_742_A > C ...

Precursors of endometrial and ovarian carcinoma

Virchows Archiv — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 17:59:43 +0100

Abstract This review discusses precursor lesions of endometrial and ovarian carcinoma with an emphasis on the unique molecular alterations that have led to the development of binary classification schemes for tumors of both the endometrium and ovary. While such a system is well established for endometrial carcinoma, only recently has a binary classification scheme been proposed for ovarian carcinoma. For both, the morphologic and molecular genetic-defining characteristics of their respective precursor lesions are described in detail. Furthermore, similarities and differences of the precursor lesions of specific tumors of these two genital tract organs are also addressed with a brief discussion of the clinical implications of their diagnosis. Content Type Journal ArticleC...

Position of the American Dietetic Association: Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding

Journal of the American Dietetic Association — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 15:11:41 +0100

Abstract: It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that exclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health protection for the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding with complementary foods from 6 months until at least 12 months of age is the ideal feeding pattern for infants. Breastfeeding is an important public health strategy for improving infant and child morbidity and mortality, improving maternal morbidity, and helping to control health care costs. Breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of otitis media, gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, sudden infant death syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, obesity, and hypertension. Breastfeeding is also associated with improved maternal outcomes, including a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer, type ...

Investigation of the miR16-1 (C>T) + 7 Substitution in Seven Different Types of Cancer from Three Ethnic Groups

Journal of Oncology — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 13:50:31 +0100

Conclusions. Considering the large scale of our study, the representation of different ethnicities and levels of hereditary risk, we conclude that the miR-16-1 (C>T) + 7 mutation is not a good diagnostic or prognostic indicator of risk for the cancers tested. (Source: Journal of Oncology)

Nanomolecular targeting of dendritic cells for ovarian cancer therapy

Future Oncology — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 11:45:36 +0100

Future Oncology , October 2009, Vol. 5, No. 8, Pages 1189-1192. (Source: Future Oncology)

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Oral growth factor inhibitor shows epithelial ovarian cancer promise

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

An oral vascular endothelial growth factor kinase inhibitor may offer a therapeutic benefit to patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, tubal cancer, or peritoneal cancer, US study findings suggest. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

POU6F1 is the transcription factor that might be involved in cell proliferation of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary

Human Cell — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary often shows resistance to anticancer agents. We investigated new molecules to use when developing molecular-targeting therapy for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary. RMG-I cells without invasive potential and RMG-V cells with invasive potential (derived from clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary) were subjected to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray analysis. Caveolin-1, a molecule involved in cellular motility and invasion, showed differing expression between the two cell lines. An RNA interference experiment using the published siRNA for caveolin-1 was carried out. The results showed suppression of RMG-V cell infiltration by siRNA, but proliferation of the cancer cells was also suppressed. In other words, RMG-V cell infiltration may ...

When Should Surgical Cytoreduction in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Take Place?

Journal of Oncology — Sun, 25 Oct 2009 13:47:22 +0100

Initial surgical management is commonly accepted to date as paramount in the treatment of women presenting with epithelial ovarian cancer and permits the assessment of the disease (staging), the histological confirmation of disease type and grade, and the practice of maximal debulking preceding platinum-based chemotherapy. Many studies have shown that the volume of residual disease after initial surgical cytoreduction inversely correlates with survival. Thus, women with optimal debulking performed by a trained specialist have improved median survival. In this review, we will focus on the answers gleaned from clinical trials on primary and interval surgery, which prompts the question on the timing of surgery in respect to chemotherapy. Interval debulking surgery (IDS) is secondary cytoreduc...

Repeated Intraperitoneal α-Radioimmunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer in Mice

Journal of Oncology — Sun, 25 Oct 2009 13:47:22 +0100

Conclusion. Weekly repeated intraperitoneal injections of tolerable amounts of activity of A211t-MX35 F(ab′)2 of up to 6 times produced increased therapeutic efficacy without observed toxicity, indicating a potential increase of the therapeutic index. (Source: Journal of Oncology)

Bcl-2 expression is altered with ovarian tumor progression: an immunohistochemical evaluation

Journal of Ovarian Research — Sun, 25 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The data suggest alterations in Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte infiltration correlate with epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Consequently, Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte status may be important for prognostic outcome or useful targets for therapeutic intervention. (Source: Journal of Ovarian Research)

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Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary with sex cord stromal tumor: a previously unrecognized association

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 16:57:10 +0100

Conclusion The occurrence of this unreported association of HC with Sertoli-like tumor, the problems of differential diagnosis and therapeutic management of these tumors are the subject of this presentation. A diagnosis of ovarian metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma is easy in patients with known primary tumor of liver and should be always excluded in these cases as an hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor. Immunohistochemistry is not useful in these cases. However, a combination of clinical and pathological features is necessary for a correct diagnosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1007/s00404-009-1259-xAuthors Antonio D’Antonio, A.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” Unit of Pathologic Anatomy and Oncology via S. ...

Evaluation of cell surface expression of phosphatidylserine in ovarian carcinoma effusions using the annexin-V/7-AAD assay: clinical relevance and comparison with other apoptosis parameters.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 14:00:30 +0100

We present the first evidence of annexin-V expression in ovarian carcinoma effusions. The higher annexin-V expression compared with other apoptosis parameters and its association with high-grade disease and poor survival in postchemotherapy patients suggest a role in cell survival rather than apoptosis in effusions. PMID: 19846818 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology)

Mesothelioma, lung cancer and nutrition

NaturalNews.com — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) Mesothelioma doesn't have to be fatal. This rare form of lung cancer has long been feared by workers exposed to asbestos in their work environments, and much of that fear is justified: This form of cancer can be deadly. But it doesn't always have to be.There are natural ways to greatly extend life, even for those suffering from mesothelioma. Most are based on nutritional therapies, as you'll see below. It may seem counterintuitive to suppose that nutrition could play a role in a disease caused by a physical substance (asbestos), but in fact, antioxidants and phytonutrients that support healthy cellular protection can play a substantial role in preventing the onset of cancer.Below, we've collected research from a number of noted natural health authors who explain more about wh...

Meningeal dissemination from an ovarian carcinoma with effective response to intrathecal chemotherapy

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:53 +0100

We report a 58-year-old woman with stage IIIc ovarian cancer who had received nine courses of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. But her carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125 serum level had increased further (38.9 U/ml) after five courses of biweekly paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Tokyo, Japan; BT) maintenance therapy. Fainting occurred, with a few seconds of unconsciousness, as did severe headaches. However, results of head computed tomography (CT), head magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalogram were normal. Lumbar puncture (LP) was performed. The opening pressure was 30 cmH2O or greater. Meningeal dissemination of the ovarian cancer was diagnosed, as adenocarcinoma cells were found by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. We started chemotherapy with intrathecal injec...

Ovarian cancer in endometriosis: epidemiology, natural history, and clinical diagnosis

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:41 +0100

Abstract We review whether endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer is a specific entity compared with ovarian cancer not associated with endometriosis, with respect to epidemiology, natural history, and clinical diagnosis; we present a review of the English-language literature for ovarian cancer in endometriosis with respect to these three features. A recent prospective study in Japan directly showed that, during a follow-up of up to 17 years of an ovarian endometrioma cohort (n = 6398), 46 incident ovarian cancers were identified, showing that the ovarian cancer risk was significantly elevated in patients with ovarian endometrioma (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 8.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.12 to 15.3). Advancing age (>40 years) and the size of the endomet...

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Ovarian cancer in endometriosis: molecular biology, pathology, and clinical management

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:41 +0100

Abstract Recent molecular and pathological evidence suggests that endometriosis is a monoclonal, neoplastic disease. Moreover, endometriosis serves as a precursor of ovarian cancer (endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer; EAOC), especially of the endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. Although a variety of molecular events, such as p53 alteration, PTEN silencing, K-ras mutations, and HNF-1 activation, have been identified in EAOC, its precise carcinogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. Our recent data indicate that microenvironmental factors, including oxidative stress and inflammation, play an important role in the carcinogenesis and phenotype of EAOC. The management of endometriosis from the standpoint of EAOC is not standardized yet. To this end, clarification of t...

Citrus fruit and cancer risk in a network of case–control studies

Cancer Causes and Control — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 19:01:07 +0100

Conclusions Our findings indicate that citrus fruit has a protective role against cancers of the digestive and upper respiratory tract. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original paperDOI 10.1007/s10552-009-9454-4Authors Roberto Foschi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Giuseppe La Masa 19 20156 Milan ItalyClaudio Pelucchi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Giuseppe La Masa 19 20156 Milan ItalyLuigino Dal Maso, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico S.O.C. di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica Aviano PN ItalyMarta Rossi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Giuseppe La Masa 19 20156 Milan ItalyFabio Levi, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne Unité d’Épidémiologie du Cancer e...

Aberrant expression of p27Kip1-interacting cell-cycle regulatory proteins in ovarian clear cell carcinomas and their precursors with special consideration of two distinct multistage clear cell carcinogenetic pathways

Virchows Archiv — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 18:53:43 +0100

In this study, the expressions of p27Kip1-interacting proteins, i.e., p27Kip1, Skp2, Cks1, cyclin A, cyclin E, and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI), were analyzed in 25 CCAFs (11 benign and 14 borderline) and 15 CCAF-associated CCAs, and compared with the expression status of each protein in the 23 previously studied endometriosis-associated CCAs. Although aberrant expression of all p27Kip1-interacting proteins was more frequent in the CCAF-associated CCAs than in the benign CCAFs, statistical significance was found only for Cks1 overexpression. The frequencies of p27Kip1 downregulation and overexpression of Skp2 and cyclin A were significantly lower in CCAF-associated than in endometriosis-associated CCAs (P < 0.05, respectively). The frequencies of p27Kip1 downregulation and Skp2...

Timing of Breast Cancer Treatments with Oocyte Retrieval and Embryo Cryopreservation

Journal of the American College of Surgeons — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 14:24:17 +0100

Conclusions: Fertility preservation is an important component of quality of life for young women with breast cancer. The time investment required for OR and cryopreservation is manageable and does not significantly prolong the time interval from diagnosis to start of adjuvant chemotherapy. (Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons)

Endocyte Presents Data On EC145 In Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer Before The European Society Of Gynaecologic Oncology

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Officials of Endocyte Inc., a cancer drug discovery and development company, presented data from a Phase 2a clinical trial for EC145, currently in development as a potential treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. Results were presented at the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology meeting in Belgrade, Serbia. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Unusual Metals Might Lead To Better Drugs

Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

British medical scientists say they've demonstrated that unusual metal compounds can be used to form effective cancer drugs. Researchers at the University of Leeds and the University of Warwick said such metals can form an effective treatment against colon and ovarian cancer, including cancerous cells that have developed immunity to other drugs. (Source: Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer)

Expression profiling identifies genes involved in neoplastic transformation of serous ovarian cancer

BMC Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results highlight several genes that may play an important role across the spectrum of serous ovarian tumorigenesis. (Source: BMC Cancer)

The prevalence of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer risk in patients with a history of breast or ovarian cancer in Japanese subjects

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Obtaining a detailed breast and ovarian cancer family history and the application of the Myriad model is useful for identifying women at an elevated genetic risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The estimation for the prevalence of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome has significant implications for a patient's management, as well as for the capacity for risk assessment and testing. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Overexpression and overactivation of Stat3 was found in EOC tissues, and the constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling pathway may play an important role in the invasion and prognosis of EOC. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Primary chemotherapy patterns for ovarian cancer treatment in Japan

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Adherence to standardized chemotherapy was comparable to rates in European countries, although rates among hospitals differed significantly. Elderly patients were more likely to receive divided-dose regimens. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

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Synthesis of 2-Fluoro N10-Substituted Acridones and Their Cytotoxicity Studies in Sensitive and Resistant Cancer Cell Lines and Their DNA Intercalation Studies

Archiv der Pharmazie — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

A series of 2-fluoro N10-substituted acridone derivatives with varying alkyl side chain length with propyl, butyl substitution, and a tertiary amine group at the terminal end of the alkyl side chain were synthesized and screened against cancer cell lines SW 1573, SW 1573 2R 160 (P-gp substrate) which are non-small lung cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MCF-7/MR (BCRP substrate) are breast cancer cell lines, 2008 WT, 2008MRP1, 2008MRP2, 2008MRP3 are ovarian cancer cell lines, and human embryo kidney cell lines like HEK293, HEK293 MRP4, and HEK293 MRP5i. The propyl-series compounds showed lipophilicity in the range of 1.93 to 4.40 and the butyl series in the range of 2.37 to 4.78. The compounds 4, 7, and 8 showed good cytotoxicity against the 60 human cancer cell line panel of the National Cancer In...

Combination of MUC5ac and WT-1 immunohistochemistry is useful in distinguishing pancreatic ductal carcinoma from ovarian serous carcinoma in effusion cytology

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Malignant ascites may be the first presentation of an unsuspected cancer. Pancreas and ovary are among the organs that are usually evaluated as a source of primary. The purpose of this study is to investigate a panel of immunohistochemical stains to help differentiate pancreatic from ovarian carcinoma. We evaluated the immunohistochemical staining of eight commercially available antibodies MUC1, MUC2, MUC5ac, Wilm's tumor susceptibility gene 1 (WT1), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), CK20, CA125, and CA19.9 in 25 effusion specimens with evidence of metastatic carcinoma including 14 ovarian serous carcinomas, 9 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and 2 unknown primaries. Primary ovarian serous carcinomas were positive for WT-1 (100%), CK7 (93%), CK20 (43%), CA125 (100%), CA19.9 (50%), MUC1 (100%), MUC2 (0%), an...

An Ashkenazi founder mutation in the MSH6 gene leading to HNPCC

Familial Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 19:00:52 +0100

In this study we report of a common mutation in the MSH6 gene in Ashkenazi Jews. Genetic counseling and diagnostic work-up for HNPCC was conducted in families who attended the high risk clinic for inherited cancer. We identified the mutation c.3984_3987dup in the MSH6 gene in 19 members of four unrelated Ashkenazi families. This mutation results in truncation of the transcript and in loss of expression of the MSH6 protein in tumors. Tumor spectrum among carriers included colon, endometrial, gastric, ovarian, urinary, and breast cancer. All but one family qualified for the Bethesda guidelines and none fulfilled the Amsterdam Criteria. Members of one family also co-inherited the c.6174delT mutation in the BRCA2 gene. The c.3984_3987dup in the MSH6 gene is a mutation leading to HNPCC amon...

Unusual Metals Might Lead To Better Drugs

Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 12:43:47 +0100

LEEDS, England -- British medical scientists say they've demonstrated that unusual metal compounds can be used to form effective cancer drugs. Researchers at the University of Leeds and the University of Warwick said such metals can form an effective treatment against colon and ovarian cancer, including cancerous cells that have developed immunity to other drugs. The study showed a range of compounds containing the metals ruthenium and osmium, which are found in the same part of the periodic table as platinum and gold, cause significant cell death in ovarian and colon cancer cells, and are also very effective against ovarian cancer cells which are resistant to the drug Cisplatin, a highly successful drug that contains... (Source: Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer)