MedWorm: Ovarian Cancer

New treatment deep freezes ovarian tumors

USATODAY.com Health — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:46:34 +0100

A promising approach for treating advanced ovarian cancer offers new hope for extending survival rates and for preventing tumors from recurr ... (Source: USATODAY.com Health)

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Repeat flexible sigmoidoscopy increases colorectal cancer detection rate

MedWire News - Oncology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:23:41 +0100

Repeat screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy after 3 to 5 years increases the detection of colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma by a quarter in women and by a third in men, show results of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. (Source: MedWire News - Oncology)

Ovarian Cancer Screening Common Despite Lack of Proof (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Public Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 18:44:38 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- More than 90% of primary care physicians reported ordering ovarian cancer screening tests not recommended for women with a low or average risk for the disease, a national survey showed. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health)

Survey: Doctors Ignore Cancer Screening Guidelines?

Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Ivanhoe Newswire) -- Recent clinical guidelines recommend against routine ovarian cancer screening because incidence of ovarian cancer is low, there is no proof that screening affects mortality rates, and screening tests have low positive predictive values and high false-positive rates. (Source: Medical Headlines From Ivanhoe.com)

Researchers find ovarian cancer risk related to inherited inflammation genes

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute) In a study conducted by researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center and colleagues from 11 other institutions in the Unites States and the United Kingdom, genes that are known to be involved in inflammation were found to be related to risk of ovarian cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Ovarian cancer screening popular despite guidelines

Reuters: Health — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 22:20:29 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Despite expert guidelines and scientific evidence to the contrary, a third of U.S. primary care physicians believe ovarian cancer screening is effective and many would offer it to patients, according to a new survey. (Source: Reuters: Health)

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Ovarian Cancer Screening Popular Despite Guidelines

MedlinePlus Health News — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 22:20:22 +0100

Despite expert guidelines and scientific evidence to the contrary, a third of U.S. primary care physicians believe ovarian cancer screening is effective and many would offer it to patients, according to a new survey.Source: Reuters Health Related MedlinePlus Pages: Health Screening, Ovarian Cancer (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Repeat flexible sigmoidoscopy increases colorectal cancer detection rate

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Ovaries and Bone Problems

Breast Cancer Chronicles — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 18:06:13 +0100

Research conducted here at Johns Hopkins has confirmed that removing both ovaries (a double oophorectomy) as a way to treat or reduce a woman's risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer is not (Source: Breast Cancer Chronicles)

Computational and Biological Evaluation of Quinazolinone Prodrug for Targeting Pancreatic Cancer

Chemical Biology and Drug Design — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractOur concept of Enzyme‐Mediated Cancer Imaging and Therapy aims to use radiolabeled compounds to target hydrolases over‐expressed on the extracellular surface of solid tumors. A data‐mining approach identified extracellular sulfatase 1 (SULF1) as an enzyme expressed on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells. We designed, synthesized, and characterized 2‐(2’‐sulfooxyphenyl)‐6‐iodo‐4‐(3H)‐quinazolinone (IQ2–S) as well as its radioiodinated form (125IQ2–S) as a prodrug with potential for hydrolysis by SULF1. IQ2–S was successfully docked in silico into three enzymes – homolog of SULF1, alkaline phosphatase, and prostatic acid phosphatase. The incubation of 125IQ2–S and 125IQ2–P with the three enzymes in solution confirms the docking results and enzyme ...

Tests For Ovarian Cancer

About.com Eating Disorders — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Information about the CA-125 and TVU tests for ovarian cancer. Includes who is at risk for developing ovarian cancer, and screening recomendations for ovarian cancer. (Source: About.com Eating Disorders)

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Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation?

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Loss of ARID1A/BAF250a-expression in endometriosis: a biomarker for risk of carcinogenic transformation? Modern Pathology advance online publication, February 3, 2012. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2011.217 Authors: Eleftherios P Samartzis, Nicolas Samartzis, Aurelia Noske, André Fedier, Rosmarie Caduff, Konstantin J Dedes, Daniel Fink & Patrick Imesch (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

PARC Regulates p53 Trafficking and Chemosensitivity [Signal Transduction]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Resistance to cisplatin (CDDP)-based therapy is a major hurdle to the successful treatment of human ovarian cancer (OVCA), and the chemoresistant phenotype in OVCA cells is associated with Akt-attenuated p53-mediated apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic functions of p53 involve both transcription-dependent and -independent signaling pathways, and dysfunctional localization and/or inactivation of p53 contribute to the development of chemoresistance. PARC is a cytoplasmic protein regulating p53 subcellular localization and subsequent function. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating PARC. Although PARC contains putative caspase-3 cleavage sites, and CDDP is known to induce the activation of caspases and calpains and induce proteasomal degradation of anti-apoptotic proteins, if and how ...

Predicting platinum resistance in primary advanced ovarian cancer patients with an in vitro resistance index

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:11:01 +0100

Conclusions This in vitro assay predicted primary platinum resistance, without misclassification of sensitive OC patients, and the results were significantly associated with PFS. We suggest that samples from primary tumor and metastatic samples have different responses to chemotherapy and that exposure to chemotherapy might induce in vitro platinum resistance. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1835-9Authors Thea Eline Hetland, Departement of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, NorwayJanne Kærn, Departement of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, NorwayMartina Skrede, Departement of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital...

Pharmaceutical care for patients with breast and ovarian cancer

Supportive Care in Cancer — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:54:27 +0100

Conclusions Patients with breast and ovarian cancer seem to benefit from pharmaceutical care, as suggested by improved patient-reported outcomes such as emetic episodes, quality of life, and patient satisfaction after implementation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00520-012-1385-zAuthors Andrea Liekweg, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, GermanyMartina Westfeld, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, GermanyMichael Braun, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, GermanyOliver Zivanovic, Cente...

VarScan 2: Somatic mutation and copy number alteration discovery in cancer by exome sequencing [RESOURCES]

Genome Research — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Cancer is a disease driven by genetic variation and mutation. Exome sequencing can be utilized for discovering these variants and mutations across hundreds of tumors. Here we present an analysis tool, VarScan 2, for the detection of somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in exome data from tumor–normal pairs. Unlike most current approaches, our algorithm reads data from both samples simultaneously; a heuristic and statistical algorithm detects sequence variants and classifies them by somatic status (germline, somatic, or LOH); while a comparison of normalized read depth delineates relative copy number changes. We apply these methods to the analysis of exome sequence data from 151 high-grade ovarian tumors characterized as part of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We valid...

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Physician Knowledge and Awareness of CA-125 as a Screen for Ovarian Cancer in the Asymptomatic, Average-Risk Population

Health Education — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, the authors used the 2008 DocStyles survey to measure clinician beliefs about the effectiveness of CA-125 and TVS in the asymptomatic, average-risk population in the United States. To assess the need for provider education, the authors used the 2008 HealthStyles survey to examine public awareness of CA-125. Of 1,250 physician respondents, 40.4% said both CA-125 and TVS were effective screens, and 28.3% said neither was an effective ovarian cancer screen in the asymptomatic, average-risk population. Obstetrician/gynecologists [OB/GYNs] more often had responses consistent with current guidelines: 56.5% of OB/GYNs, compared with 34.4% and 29.8% of family/general practitioners and internists, respectively, said neither CA-125 nor TVS was an effective screen. Almost one third of ...

Expression of putative stem marker nestin and CD133 in advanced serous ovarian cancer.

Neoplasma — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of the studies was to explore if the stem cell biomarkers could be used to predict the tumor chemotherapy-resistance in serous ovarian cancer patients. Expression of two putative stem cell markers CD133 and nestin, and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were detected in 123 cases of advanced serous ovarian cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. To estimate intra-tumoral microvessel density (MVD), CD34 immunostaining was also performed. CD133 and nestin were defined to be positive in 35.0% and 32.5% of the serous ovarian carcinoma tissues, respectively. It was observed that overexpression of nestin but not CD133 was associated with the cisplatin-based chemotherapy resistance and shorter overall survival of the patients, and ...

Production of IL1-beta by ovarian cancer cells induces mesothelial cell beta1-integrin expression facilitating peritoneal dissemination

Journal of Ovarian Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: A crucial step in the metastatic spread of ovarian cancer (OC) is the adhesion and implantation of tumor cells to the peritoneal mesothelium. In order to study this step in the cascade, we derived a pro-metastatic human ovarian carcinoma cell line (MFOC3) from the non-metastatic FOC3 line. Methods: Molecular profiling of the isogeneic lines identified differentially expressed genes, and investigation for a role in dissemination for specific factors was achieved by development of a co-culture adhesion assay utilizing monolayers of human mesothelial cells. Results: After murine intraperitoneal inoculation, the FOC3 cell line formed no metastases, but the MFOC3 subline formed metastases in >80% of SCID mice. MFOC3 cells also adhered 2-3 times more avidly to mesothelial monolayers....

[Editorial] Ovarian cancer: breaking the silence

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The heterogeneous nature of cancer makes it a very difficult disease to manage. Although great progress has been made against many types of cancer (as highlighted by recent mortality data from the American Cancer Society), treatment of others has shown little change in the past few decades. Ovarian cancer, for example, has traditionally lagged behind: recent research, however, is starting to provide a better outlook for women with this cancer. Two phase 3 clinical trials published in December, 2011, in the New England Journal of Medicine ( GOG018 and ICON7) showed that women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer given concomitant bevacizumab with a paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy regimen following surgery, and then maintenance bevacizumab, had significantly longer progressio...

[Comment] VEGF Trap for the treatment of malignant ascites

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

About 10% of all cases of ascites are caused by a malignant disease. In developed countries the most common neoplasm associated with ascites is ovarian cancer. The pathophysiology of malignant ascites is multifactorial, and its molecular pathogenesis is only poorly understood. Ascites formation can result from obstruction of lymph vessels by tumour cells, resulting in incomplete absorption of intraperitoneal fluid and protein, especially in patients with lymphoma or breast cancer. Since malignant ascites is usually an exsudate with a high protein concentration, an increased vascular permeability has been implicated in its pathogenesis. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

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[Articles] Intravenous aflibercept for treatment of recurrent symptomatic malignant ascites in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

The Lancet Oncology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study shows the effectiveness of VEGF blockade in the reduction of malignant ascites, but confirms the significant clinical risk of fatal bowel perforation in this population of patients with very advanced cancer. VEGF blockade should be used with caution in advanced ovarian cancer with abdominal carcinomatosis, and the benefit–risk balance should be thoroughly discussed for each patient. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

Mutual exclusivity analysis identifies oncogenic network modules [METHOD]

Genome Research — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Although individual tumors of the same clinical type have surprisingly diverse genomic alterations, these events tend to occur in a limited number of pathways, and alterations that affect the same pathway tend to not co-occur in the same patient. While pathway analysis has been a powerful tool in cancer genomics, our knowledge of oncogenic pathway modules is incomplete. To systematically identify such modules, we have developed a novel method, Mutual Exclusivity Modules in cancer (MEMo). The method uses correlation analysis and statistical tests to identify network modules by three criteria: (1) Member genes are recurrently altered across a set of tumor samples; (2) member genes are known to or are likely to participate in the same biological process; and (3) alteration events within the m...

Ovarian incidentaloma

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Incidental adnexal masses occur with relatively high frequency in post-menopausal women, with a prevalence rate of 3.3–18% in asymptomatic patients. Unilocular, benign-appearing ovarian cysts represent the vast majority of abnormal findings at transvaginal ultrasonography. As many as 80% will resolve over a period of several months; if persistent, unchanged, less than 10 cm, and with normal CA-125 values, the likelihood of an invasive cancer is sufficiently low that observation should be offered. More recent investigations support the use of secondary imaging modalities such as MRI, which may help differentiate benign from malignant masses. Surgical management plays a key role when patients are symptomatic regardless of age, menopausal and have documented changes in cyst characteristics...

Accuracy of BRCA1/2 Mutation Prediction Models for Different Ethnicities and Genders: Experience in a Southern Chinese Cohort

World Journal of Surgery — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:05:20 +0100

Conclusions The variation in model performance underscores the need for research on larger Asian cohorts as prediction models, and the possible need for customizing these models for different ethnic groups and genders. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1406-yAuthors Ava Kwong, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaConnie H. N. Wong, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDacita T. K. Suen, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaMichael Co, Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaAllison W. Kurian, Department of Healt...

Nanocarriers Enhance Doxorubicin Uptake in Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells

Cancer Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Resistance to anthracyclines and other chemotherapeutics due to P-glycoprotein (pgp)-mediated export is a frequent problem in cancer treatment. Here, we report that iron oxide–titanium dioxide core-shell nanocomposites can serve as efficient carriers for doxorubicin to overcome this common mechanism of drug resistance in cancer cells. Doxorubicin nanocarriers (DNC) increased effective drug uptake in drug-resistant ovarian cells. Mechanistically, doxorubicin bound to the TiO2 surface by a labile bond that was severed upon acidification within cell endosomes. Upon its release, doxorubicin traversed the intracellular milieu and entered the cell nucleus by a route that evaded pgp-mediated drug export. Confocal and X-ray fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to show the ability...

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Rare, Miscellaneous Primary Ovarian Neoplasms: Spectrum of Cross-Sectional Imaging

Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:32:35 +0100

There is a diverse group of rare, primary benign and malignant ovarian tumors that show characteristic histomorphology and natural history. Some of these tumors may demonstrate typical imaging features. However, due to the rarity of these tumors, imaging characteristics of these diverse lesions are not well described in the literature. Knowledge of these select ovarian entities is essential and facilitates optimal management of patients who often manifest with nonspecific symptoms. (Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology)

Structure activity relationship of plumbagin in BRCA1 related cancer cells

Molecular Carcinogenesis — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study clearly indicates that plumbagin can induce multiple pathways of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in BRCA1 blocked cells compared to unblocked cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Molecular Carcinogenesis)

Prognostic and predictive value of CA-125 in the primary treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: potentials and pitfalls

Clinical and Translational Oncology — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:53:14 +0100

Abstract The serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) remains a reliable biomarker in the therapeutic management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Monitoring the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) and the early detection of relapse during the follow up of patients in remission represent the two most common clinical situations where the CA-125 has been successfully applied. There are however other scenarios along the course of the disease where the CA-125 can potentially aid in the decision-making process. Preoperative levels of CA-125 can help in selecting a subset of patients where an optimal cytoreduction may not be easily achieved. Perioperative variations in the CA-125 levels after primary surgery and, more importantly, the nadir value of the CA-125 after primary chemot...

D-Dimer as a Potential Prognostic Marker.

Pathology Oncology Research — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nagy Z, Horváth O, Kádas J, Valtinyi D, László L, Kopper B, Blaskó G Abstract Malignant tumors are often accompanied by increased risk for procoagulant activity, thrombosis and embolism. As a marker indicating such disturbancies is D-dimer, a product of fibrinolysis. In this retrospective study almost 300 patients with malignant tumors were evaluated. During LMWH treatment (as thromboprophylaxis) the highest frequency of VTE with worst prognosis occurred in pancreatic cancer (partly due to the late discovery) followed by ovarian, colonic and breast cancers. Also, increased D-dimer level correlated with progression (stages) and high mortality rate. Furthermore, D-dimer showed very similar or better prognostic activity than the clinically widely used classic tumor marke...

Removal And Storage Of Ovarian Tissue Enables Birth After Cancer Treatment

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 10:00:00 +0100

For the first time in Germany, a woman has given birth to a child after removal and preservation of tissue from one of her ovaries. This course of action was necessary to avoid infertility owing to chemo- and radiotherapy. Andreas MÃ¼ller and his colleagues report the case in the current issue of Deutsches Arzteblatt International (Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012; 109[1-2]: 8-13). The majority of young female patients who need radio- or chemotherapy for treatment of a tumor express concerns about fertility... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Adnexal Masses in Pregnancy

Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 08:38:45 +0100

Adnexal masses are often seen in the gravid patient. With current advances in technology, an increased number of adnexal masses are incidentally discovered on antenatal screening ultrasonography examinations. Sonography is the first-line imaging modality for any adnexal mass. However, further evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be critical for diagnosis. For example, MRI can determine whether a mass contains fat, which can be useful in the diagnosis of a teratoma. Characteristic features of nonneoplastic and neoplastic ovarian lesions seen on sonography and MRI will be discussed. Radiologic features that help distinguish benign from malignant neoplasms will be described. Additional lesions specific to the gravid state must be considered in the differential diagnosis when a...

DICER1 in ovarian cancers

Nature Genetics — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Genetics 44, 120 (2012). doi:10.1038/ng.1095 Author: Kyle Vogan (Source: Nature Genetics)

Tumor Suppressor Function of RAD51C [Molecular Bases of Disease]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

RAD51C, a RAD51 paralog, has been implicated in homologous recombination (HR), and germ line mutations in RAD51C are known to cause Fanconi anemia (FA)-like disorder and breast and ovarian cancers. The role of RAD51C in the FA pathway of DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair and as a tumor suppressor is obscure. Here, we report that RAD51C deficiency leads to ICL sensitivity, chromatid-type errors, and G2/M accumulation, which are hallmarks of the FA phenotype. We find that RAD51C is dispensable for ICL unhooking and FANCD2 monoubiquitination but is essential for HR, confirming the downstream role of RAD51C in ICL repair. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RAD51C plays a vital role in the HR-mediated repair of DNA lesions associated with replication. Finally, we show that RAD51C participat...

A possible link between the pubertal growth of girls and prostate cancer in their sons

American Journal of Human Biology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:These findings are consistent with a conceptual framework for the origins of hormonally dependent cancers that invokes exposure of embryonic tissue to maternal sex hormones followed by resetting of the fetal hypothalamic‐gonadotropin axis in late gestation. We hypothesize that compensatory prepubertal growth among girls is associated with hormonal cancers in the next generation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: American Journal of Human Biology)

Moving Beyond Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Ovarian Cancer [EDITORIALS]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

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Comparing Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors With Standard Chemotherapy in BRCA-Mutated, Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: Lessons Learned From a Negative Trial [EDITORIALS]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of AMG 386 Combined With Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Cancer [Gynecologic Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion AMG 386 combined with weekly paclitaxel was tolerable, with a manageable and distinct toxicity profile. The data suggest evidence of antitumor activity and a dose-response effect, warranting further studies in ovarian cancer. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Phase II, Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Olaparib, a Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor, and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Patients With BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations and Recurrent Ovarian Cancer [Gynecologic Cancer]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The efficacy of olaparib was consistent with previous studies. However, the efficacy of PLD was greater than expected. Olaparib 400 mg twice per day is a suitable dose to explore in further studies in this patient population. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Hypoxia upregulates ovarian cancer invasiveness via the binding of HIF‐1α to a hypoxia‐induced, methylation free hypoxia response element (HRE) of S100A4 gene

International Journal of Cancer — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractHypoxia is known to play important roles in the development and progression of tumors. We previously demonstrated that S100A4, a critical molecule for metastasis, was upregulated in ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, we examined the mechanisms of the upregulation of S100A4 expression in ovarian carcinoma cells, with particular attention paid to the effects of hypoxia. The expression levels of S100A4 were found to be correlated with the invasiveness of ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and the upregulation of S100A4 expression was associated with hypomethylation of CpG sites in the 1st intron of S100A4 in ovarian carcinoma cell lines and tissues. The expression of S100A4 was increased under hypoxia and was associated with elevated invasiveness, which was inhibited by S100A...

Study Finds BRCA Mutation Boosts Ovarian Cancer Survival

OCRF News — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A large, multicenter study shows that women with ovarian cancer who have mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have better survival rates than women who do not have such mutations. The study is also the first to provide strong evidence that ovarian cancer prognosis is better for women with BRCA2 mutations than women with BRCA1 mutations. The results were published online on Jan. 24, 2011 in the Journal of the American Medical Association. A large, multicenter study shows that women with ovarian cancer who have mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes have better survival rates than women who do not have such mutations. The study is also the first to provide strong evidence that ovarian cancer prognosis is better for women with BRCA2 mutations than women with BRCA1 mutations. The results...

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BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations correlate with TP53 abnormalities and presence of immune cell infiltrates in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma

Modern Pathology AOP — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jessica N McAlpine, Henry Porter, Martin Köbel, Brad H Nelson, Leah M Prentice, Steve E Kalloger, Janine Senz, Katy Milne, Jiarui Ding, Sohrab P Shah, David G Huntsman & C Blake Gilks (Source: Modern Pathology AOP)

Discovery of Dachshund 2 protein as a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer

Journal of Ovarian Research — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study provides a first demonstration of DACH2 protein being expressed in human fallopian tubes and EOC, with the highest expression in serous carcinoma where DACH2 was found to be an independent biomarker of poor prognosis. Future research should expand on the role of DACH2 in ovarian carcinogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. (Source: Journal of Ovarian Research)

PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen of Melanoma) Is a Novel Marker for Differentiating Serous Carcinoma From Malignant Mesothelioma.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 22:56:09 +0100

The objective of this study was to validate this finding at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 126 müllerian carcinomas and 23 malignant mesotheliomas showed significantly higher PRAME mRNA expression in the former tumor (P < .001; test sensitivity and specificity, 89% and 91%, respectively). PRAME protein was expressed in 41 of 50 müllerian carcinomas and 0 of 30 mesotheliomas using Western blotting (P < .001; test sensitivity and specificity, 82% and 100%, respectively). PRAME levels in müllerian carcinoma were unrelated to survival; however, PRAME protein expression was up-regulated in solid metastases compared with primary carcinoma and effusions (P < .001). Our data confirm that PRAME effectively differ...

Value of PAX8 and WT1 Immunostaining in Confirming the Ovarian Origin of Metastatic Carcinoma in Serous Effusion Specimens.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 22:54:33 +0100

Authors: Zhao L, Guo M, Sneige N, Gong Y Abstract We evaluated the detection rates of PAX8 and WT1 immunostaining in 68 (45 as cell blocks, 23 as smears) serous effusion specimens that had a cytologic diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of ovarian origin. Of the cases, 58 (85%) were positive for PAX8, 56 (82%) were positive for WT1, and 64 (94%) were immunoreactive with either or both markers. Detection rates of PAX8 and WT1 were 85% (44/52) and 92% (48/52), respectively, for metastatic serous carcinoma and 100% (5/5) and 20% (1/5), respectively, for metastatic clear cell carcinoma. Detection rates using cell blocks and smears were 91% and 78%, respectively, with PAX8 and 82% and 83%, respectively, with WT1. We concluded that PAX8 and WT1 had comparable overall detection rates in con...

Using a multivariate index assay to assess malignancy in a pelvic mass.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 20:41:11 +0100

Authors: Kim KH, Alvarez RD Abstract A multivariate index assay recently was developed to assist physicians in the assessment of the risk of ovarian cancer in women with pelvic masses undergoing operative intervention. Its aim is to improve the identification of patients with ovarian malignancy so that these patients can be appropriately referred to a subspecialist with ovarian cancer-management expertise, thereby affording the opportunity for improved outcome. This commentary questions the need to obtain a multivariate index assay test in all women with pelvic masses who are scheduled for operative intervention. Common-sense guidelines for more judicious use of this new triage test in the evaluation of these patients also are provided. PMID: 22270289 [PubMed - in process] (Sou...

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Clinical Challenges of Low-Grade Ovarian CancerClinical Challenges of Low-Grade Ovarian Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 15:35:11 +0100

Gynecologic oncologist David M. Gershenson, MD, discusses critical differences between low-grade and high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and the implications for management. Medscape Hematology-Oncology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Diindolylmethane Suppresses Ovarian Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 10:00:00 +0100

Ovarian cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Approximately 25,000 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer this year and 15,000 women will die from it in the United States alone. The novel anti-cancer drug diindolylmethane (DIM) has been shown in laboratory to inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells. New research published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Medicine has looked in detail at the action of DIM and showed that it works by blocking the activation and production of the transcription factor STAT3... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Robotic assisted surgery for gynaecological cancer.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Well-designed RCTs are required as only low quality evidence from CCTs is available. These studies support the use of robotic assisted surgery for endometrial cancer and cervical cancer, but these findings present a high risk of bias. PMID: 22258988 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Birth after cancer treatment with removal and storage of ovary

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Deutsches Aerzteblatt International) For the first time in Germany, a woman has given birth to a child after removal and preservation of tissue from one of her ovaries. This course of action was necessary to avoid infertility owing to chemo- and radiotherapy. Andreas Mueller and his colleagues report the case in the current issue of Deutsches Aerzteblatt International. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Role of Radiologic Imaging in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Evidence-based Review [Evidence-based Practice]

Radiology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Although widely used, there is a surprising paucity of evidence guiding radiologic imaging in IBS. Radiologic imaging may not be required in patients with IBS without potentially concerning symptoms but should be considered where such symptoms exist, and choice of imaging study should be influenced by predominant symptoms. Definitive recommendations must await further research. © RSNA, 2011 (Source: Radiology)

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Diindolylmethane suppresses ovarian cancer growth and potentiates the effect of cisplatin in tumor mouse model by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)

BMC Medicine — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A novel anti-cancer drug diindolylmethane (DIM) prevents ovarian cancer cell growth by blocking STAT3, and enhances the tumor suppressive effects of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, providing a potential new therapy for cisplatin-resistant tumors. (Source: BMC Medicine)

Gene Mutations May Boost Ovarian Cancer Survival: Study

MedicineNet Cancer General — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Gene Mutations May Boost Ovarian Cancer Survival: StudyCategory: Health NewsCreated: 1/24/2012 6:06:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 1/25/2012 (Source: MedicineNet Cancer General)

Disruption of CTCF at the miR-125b1 locus in gynecological cancers

BMC Cancer — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A reduction of miR-125b1 expression in cancers, correlated with methylation, repressive histone marks and loss of CTCF binding at the promoter region. (Source: BMC Cancer)

'DIMming' cancer growth -- STAT: Diindolylmethane suppresses ovarian cancer

EurekAlert! - Cancer — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(BioMed Central) Ovarian cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. The novel anti-cancer drug diindolylmethane (DIM) has been shown in laboratory to inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer cells. New research published in BioMed Central's open-access journal BMC Medicine has looked at the action of DIM and showed that it works by blocking the activation and production of the transcription factor STAT3. DIM also enhances the anti-cancer effect of the platinum-based chemotherapy drug cisplatin. (Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer)

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Effect of crosslinking on the performance of micelles as drug delivery carriers: A cell uptake study.

Biomacromolecules — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, shell-crosslinking is highly recommended even for glassy micelles for an efficient cellular uptake at low concentrations. PMID: 22276949 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biomacromolecules)

Scintigraphic Detection of Benign Ovarian Teratoma after Total Thyroidectomy and Radioactive Iodine for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: van Wijk JP, Broekhuizen-de Gast HS, Smits AJ, Schipper ME, Zelissen PM Abstract Abstract Not Available. PMID: 22278431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Killer T cells to the rescue in ovarian cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 23:31:15 +0100

Authors: Nelson BH PMID: 22264602 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Hereditary ovarian cancer: Beyond the usual suspects.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 23:31:04 +0100

Authors: Pennington KP, Swisher EM Abstract In the past, hereditary ovarian carcinoma was attributed almost entirely to mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, with a much smaller contribution from mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Recently, three new ovarian cancer susceptibility genes have been identified: RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1. In addition, germline mutations in women with ovarian carcinoma have been recently identified in many of the previously identified breast cancer genes in the Fanconi anemia (FA)-BRCA pathway. While mutations in genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 are each individually rare, together they make up a significant proportion of cases. With at least 16 genes implicated in hereditary ovarian cancer to date, comprehensive testing for ovarian cancer risk will require...

Major Annoucement on Kidney Cancer Vaccine

Kidney Cancer Association — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 22:27:31 +0100

Roswell Park Launches Landmark Immunotherapy Vaccine Trial [Read More] The ability to stretch out the attack for a long-term, durable response suggests that the vaccine may be effective in preventing disease recurrence. The new NY-ESO-1 dendritic cell vaccine is expected to show great promise in patients with bladder, brain, breast, esophageal, gastrointestinal, hepatocellular, kidney, lung, melanoma, ovarian, prostate, sarcoma and uterine tumors. 01/24/2012 (Source: Kidney Cancer Association)

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Gene Mutations May Boost Ovarian Cancer Survival: Study

The Doctors Lounge - Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 22:00:00 +0100

Women with BRCA1, BRCA2 have higher risk for the disease, but prognosis might be better (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Oncology)

Survival Improved in Ovarian Cancer With BRCA MutationSurvival Improved in Ovarian Cancer With BRCA Mutation

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 21:15:58 +0100

Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer, but are associated with improved 5-year overall survival. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Gene Mutations May Boost Ovarian Cancer Survival

MedlinePlus Health News — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 21:00:00 +0100

Women with BRCA1, BRCA2 have higher risk for the disease, but prognosis might be better Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Genes and Gene Therapy, Ovarian Cancer (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

BRCA Mutations Also Play Good Role in Ovarian Cancer (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 20:00:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, known to increase the risk of ovarian cancer, appear, paradoxically, to improve survival, researchers reported. (Source: MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology)

Comparative analysis of CA 125, ferritin, beta-2 microglobulin, lactic dehydrogenase levels in serum and peritoneal fluid in patients with ovarian neoplasia

Medical Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:13:18 +0100

This study results indicates that especially PF β2 M and ferritin levels may be valuable for diagnosis of malignant ascites in patients with ovarian neoplasms. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s12032-012-0165-4Authors Umran Kucukgoz Gulec, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, TurkeySemra Paydas, Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, TurkeyAhmet Baris Guzel, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, TurkeySelim Buyukkurt, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, TurkeyGulsah Seydaoglu, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova Unive...

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Mouse model for probing tumor suppressor activity of protein phosphatase 2A in diverse signaling pathways.

Cell Cycle — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:52:27 +0100

Authors: Walter G, Ruediger R Abstract Evidence that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor in humans came from the discovery of mutations in the genes encoding the Aα and Aβ subunits of the PP2A trimeric holoenzymes, Aα-B-C and Aβ-B-C. One point mutation, Aα-E64D, was found in a human lung carcinoma. It renders Aα specifically defective in binding regulatory B' subunits. Recently, we reported a knock-in mouse expressing Aα-E64D and an Aα knockout mouse. The mutant mice showed a 50-60% increase in the incidence of lung cancer induced by benzopyrene. Importantly, PP2A's tumor suppressor activity depended on p53. These data provide the first direct evidence that PP2A is a tumor suppressor in mice. In addition, they suggest that PP2A is a tumor suppressor in human...

Murine models of ovarian cancer for preclinical testing of targeted therapeutics: Has their time arrived?

Cell Cycle — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:50:11 +0100

Authors: Cho KR Abstract Comment on: Wu R, et al. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7359-72. PMID: 22262181 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cell Cycle)

Women with certain type of ovarian cancer and BRCA gene mutation have improved survival at 5 years

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(JAMA and Archives Journals) Among women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, patients having a germline (gene change in a reproductive cell that could be passed to offspring) mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes was associated with improved five-year overall survival, with BRCA2 carriers having the best prognosis, according to a study in the Jan. 25 issue of JAMA. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Weekly paclitaxel as a single agent or in combination with carboplatin or weekly topotecan in patients with resistant ovarian cancer: the CARTAXHY randomized phase II trial from Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens (GINECO)

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Combination chemotherapy in platinum-resistant ROC was more toxic than weekly paclitaxel and did not significantly prolong PFS. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cancer treated with bevacizumab: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: ICH with bevacizumab treatment in this population is rare and does not appear to increase its frequency over the baseline rate of ICH in a comparable population. Most bevacizumab-related ICH occurs into central nervous system tumors but spontaneous hemorrhages were seen. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

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Bevacizumab in ovarian cancer

Nature Reviews Cancer — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Reviews Cancer 12, 83 (2012). doi:10.1038/nrc3213 Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis correlate with ovarian cancer progression, and the VEGF-neutralizing monoclonal antibody bevacizumab has shown activity in Phase II trials in ovarian cancer. Two Phase III trials have now shown that bevacizumab may be beneficial when added to (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer)

New Study Evaluates Usefulness of New Symptom Indices

OCRF News — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The use of symptom indices to identify patients with symptoms associated with ovarian cancer who may need further screening is increasing in both the UK and the US in an attempt to promote earlier diagnosis, but these indices may need to be reassessed in order to help better detect cancer, according to a study published January 13 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. The use of symptom indices to identify patients with symptoms associated with ovarian cancer who may need further screening is increasing in both the UK and the US in an attempt to promote earlier diagnosis, but these indices may need to be reassessed in order to help better detect cancer, according to a study published January 13 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.In an accompanying editorial, Pa...

Of What Am I Afraid? [A Piece of My Mind]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Association Between BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations and Survival in Women With Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Among patients with invasive EOC, having a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 was associated with improved 5-year overall survival. BRCA2 carriers had the best prognosis. (Source: JAMA)

Unwrapping the Implications of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Ovarian Cancer [Editorial]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

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BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Ovarian Cancer [Letters]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Ovarian Cancer--Reply [Letters]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Table Error in: Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations With Survival, Chemotherapy Sensitivity, and Gene Mutator Phenotype in Patients With Ovarian Cancer [Correction]

JAMA — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

Survival Benefit Associated With Surgical Oophorectomy in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Metastatic to the Ovary.

Clinical Colorectal Cancer — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective analysis suggests that women with metastatic colorectal cancer metastatic to the ovary may derive a survival benefit from palliative oophorectomy. PMID: 22280844 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer)

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Application of RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis: CD151 is an Invasion/Migration Target in All Stages of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Journal of Ovarian Research — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Taken together, these findings provide the first proof-of-principle demonstration for a next generation sequencing approach to identifying candidate therapeutic targets and reveal CD151 to play a role in EOC dissemination. (Source: Journal of Ovarian Research)

Ohio Medical Center deploys new cancer technology

Hospital Management — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

University Hospitals (UH) Case Medical Center in Ohio, US, has installed new technology at the Seidman Cancer Center to treat ovarian, endometrial and other cancers. (Source: Hospital Management)

Gene Mutations May Boost Ovarian Cancer Survival: Study

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Women with BRCA1, BRCA2 have higher risk for the disease, but prognosis might be better (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

Bevacizumab (Avastin®) approved in the EU for ovarian cancer

NeLM - News — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Personal communication (Roche) Area: News The European Medicines Agency has approved an additional indication for bevacizumab (Avastin®) - for use in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for the front-line treatment of advanced (FIGO stages III B, III C and IV) epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. (Source: NeLM - News)

Ovarian Actions of Estrogen Receptor-β: An Update

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Semin Reprod Med 2012; 30: 32-38DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1299595Estrogen is essential for folliculogenesis with independent roles attributed to each of the two estrogen receptors (ERs). ERβ, expressed predominantly by the ovarian granulosa cells, is required for antrum formation, preovulatory follicle maturation, expression of genes involved in ovarian differentiation (luteinizing hormone, aromatase, etc.), and follicle rupture during ovulation. Ovulatory dysfunction is associated with polymorphisms of the ERβ gene, and endocrine disruptors that selectively activate ERβ cause reproductive dysfunction and impairment fertility. ERβ may also exhibit antitumorigenic properties, with a decline in ERβ levels in epithelial ovarian cancers associated with more severe disease and poor prognosis. In...

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Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractUmbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to inhibit breast cancer cell growth but it is not known whether this effect is specific to only breast cancer cells. We compared the effects of human Wharton's jelly stem cell (hWJSC) extracts [conditioned medium (hWJSC‐CM) and cell lysate (hWJSC‐CL)] on breast adenocarcinoma (MDA‐MB‐231), ovarian carcinoma (TOV‐112D) and osteosarcoma (MG‐63) cells. The cells were treated with either hWJSC‐CM (50%) or hWJSC‐CL (15μg/ml) for 48 h‐72 h and changes in cell morphology, proliferation, cycle, gene expression, migration and cell death studied. All three cancer cell lines showed cell shrinkage, blebbing and vacuolations with hWJSC‐CL and hWJSC‐CM compared to controls. MTT and BrdU assays showed inhibition ...

CYP1A1 Ile(462)Val is a risk factor for ovarian cancer development.

Cytokine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Huang M, Chen Q, Xiao J, Zhao X, Liu C Abstract Published data on the association between CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk are conflicting and heterogeneous. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed for heterozygous, homozygous, dominant model, recessive model and allele, respectively. A total of 15 case-control studies were identified, among which, 13 studies (1815 cases and 3501 controls) were eligible for CYP1A1 Ile(462)Val and nine studies (2495 cases and 3553 controls) were eligible for CYP1A1 Msp1. Overall, Ile(462)Val was significantly associated with ovarian cancer, with homozygous carriers (Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR=2.64; 95%...

Ovarian cancer: current management and future directions

Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 03:20:54 +0100

Abstract: Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all the gynaecological malignancies. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common subtype. Approximately 5–10% occur in women with an inherited predisposition. These patients may benefit from prophylactic surgery. Diagnosis involves measurement of CA 125 and ultrasound. The results of both are combined to give a risk of malignancy index; this is used to decide where treatment takes place. Treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer usually involves debulking surgery and chemotherapy. The correct order of these treatments is currently being evaluated. There are survival benefits if surgery is performed by a specialist gynaecological oncologist. Current standard chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer is carboplatin with paclitax...

After 13 Years, Still No Clear Benefit From PSA ScreeningAfter 13 Years, Still No Clear Benefit From PSA Screening

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 22:31:20 +0100

Dr. Gerald Chodak reviews the latest analysis of data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, including criticisms of contamination. Medscape Urology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Symptom Screening Indexes Do Not Detect Early Ovarian CancerSymptom Screening Indexes Do Not Detect Early Ovarian Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 21:18:49 +0100

The benefits of symptom indexes might be overestimated; they might only advance the diagnosis of ovarian cancer by about 3 months. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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A Step Forward Toward Better Characterization of Ovarian Cancer

Cancer Network — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 13:00:02 +0100

A new study has made a step forward toward better characterization of sporadic ovarian tumors by identifying their DNA repair protein expression profile. (Source: Cancer Network)

The anti-adhesive mucin podocalyxin may help initiate the transperitoneal metastasis of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma

Clinical and Experimental Metastasis — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:04:39 +0100

Abstract High grade serous ovarian tumors often metastasize transperitoneally, a process that begins when small tumor nodules de-adhere and are released into the fluid of the abdominal cavity where they float freely to reach new sites on the peritoneal wall. Podocalyxin, a small anti-adhesive sialomucin, has been shown to contribute to non-adhesive membrane domain formation in some epithelia and is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. We therefore assessed podocalyxin expression on a previously characterized tissue microarray and found that 87% (169/194) of high grade serous epithelial ovarian carcinomas were positive for podocalyxin. In addition, cell surface localization of podocalyxin was associated with a significant decrease in disease-free survival in these tumors....

Laparoscopy to predict the result of primary cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer patients (LapOvCa-trial): a multicentre randomized controlled study

BMC Cancer — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study we aim to assess whether adding laparoscopy to the diagnostic work-up of patients suspected of advanced ovarian carcinoma may prevent unsuccessful PDS for ovarian cancer. Methods: Multicentre randomized controlled trial, including all gynaecologic oncologic centres in the Netherlands and their affiliated hospitals. Patients are eligible when they are planned for PDS after conventional staging. Participants are randomized between direct PDS or additional diagnostic laparoscopy. Depending on the result of laparoscopy patients are treated by PDS within three weeks, followed by six courses of platinum based chemotherapy or with NACT and IDS 3-4 weeks after three courses of chemotherapy, followed by another three courses of chemotherapy. Primary outcome measure is the proportion o...

Avastin 25mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion (Bevacizumab)-Revised SPC

NeLM - SPC Changes — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes There have been significant updates to several sections of the SPC, including the following: Changes to section 4.1- Therapeutic indication Avastin, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel is indicated for the front-line treatment of advanced (FIGO stages III B, III C and IV) epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Please refer to SPC link below for full information on all changes. (Source: NeLM - SPC Changes)

UH Case Medical Center offers new therapy for gynecologic cancer patients

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University Hospitals Case Medical Center) Patients with gynecologic cancer have new hope in a novel technology now offered at the Seidman Cancer Center at University Hospitals Case Medical Center. A team of cancer specialists, led by Robert DeBernardo, M.D., is among the first in the nation to launch a dedicated program using Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy to treat ovarian, endometrial and select other cancers. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Factors influencing uptake and timing of risk reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy in women at risk of familial ovarian cancer: a competing risk time to event analysis

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Decision‐making is a complex process and women opt for surgery many years after initial risk assessment. BRCA carriers, postmenopausal women and women who had breast cancer are significantly more likely to opt for preventative surgery. (Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Cytotoxic Salan-Titanium(IV) Complexes: High Activity Toward a Range of Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Cell Lines, and Mechanistic Insights.

ChemMedChem — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Manna CM, Braitbard O, Weiss E, Hochman J, Tshuva EY Abstract The cytotoxicities of highly efficient salan-Ti(IV) complexes toward a range of cell lines, including drug-resistant cells, are reported along with preliminary mechanistic insights. Five salan-Ti(IV) complexes were investigated toward eight different human and murine cancer-derived cell lines, including colon, ovarian, lung, cervical, pancreatic, leukemic, skin, and breast. The salan complexes are more active toward the cells analyzed than cisplatin and the known titanium compound (bzac)(2) Ti(OiPr)(2) , and no cell line resistant to the salan complexes was identified. Moreover, the salan-Ti(IV) complexes are highly active toward both cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780CisR) human ovarian ...

STAT1-deficient mice spontaneously develop estrogen receptor alpha-positive luminal mammary carcinomas

Breast Cancer Research — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that STAT1 suppresses mammary tumor formation and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. Spontaneous mammary tumors that develop in STAT1-/- mice closely recapitulate the progression, ovarian hormone responsiveness, and molecular characteristics of human luminal breast cancer, the most common subtype of human breast neoplasms, and thus represent a valuable platform for testing novel treatments and detection modalities. (Source: Breast Cancer Research)

IGFBP-4 tumor and serum levels are increased across all stages of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Journal of Ovarian Research — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Background: We sought to identify candidate serum biomarkers for the detection and surveillance of EOC. Based on RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of patient-derived tumors, highly expressed secreted proteins were identified using a bioinformatic approach. Methods: RNA-Seq was used to quantify papillary serous ovarian cancer transcriptomes. Paired end sequencing of 22 flash frozen tumors was performed. Sequence alignments were processed with the program ELAND, expression levels with ERANGE and then bioinformatically screened for secreted protein signatures. Serum samples from women with benign and malignant pelvic masses and serial samples from women during chemotherapy regimens were measured for IGFBP-4 by ELISA. Student's t Test, ANOVA, and ROC curves were used for statistical analysis. Res...

OCRF Researchers Discover Genomic Complexity and AKT Dependence in Serous Ovarian Cancer

OCRF News — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Dr. Doug Levine and Dr. Carol Aghajanian, both recipients of OCRF grants, were part of a project recently published in Cancer Discovery that studied AKT inhibition in ovarian cancer cell lines with various mechanisms of AKT pathway activation. Dr. Doug Levine and Dr. Carol Aghajanian, both recipients of OCRF grants, were part of a project recently published in Cancer Discovery that studied AKT inhibition in ovarian cancer cell lines with various mechanisms of AKT pathway activation. Researchers found that some cell lines were responsive to AKT inhibitors, but depended greatly on other, co-existent, mutations. The genetic heterogeneity seen in the cell lines was reflected in human tumors included as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas. These data suggest that AKT inhibition may be effe...

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Targeted Cryoablation Boosts Survival in Ovarian CancerTargeted Cryoablation Boosts Survival in Ovarian Cancer

Medscape Today Headlines — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:18:24 +0100

With cryoablation of metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer, 5-year survival is 30%, with an estimated cost of $26,806 per life-year gained. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Correlation of HLA-A02* genotype and HLA class I antigen down-regulation with the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:53:39 +0100

Conclusions HLA-A02* is a valuable prognostic biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer. HLA class I HC loss and/or down-regulation was significantly more frequent in tumour tissues from HLA-A02* positive patients with serous adenocarcinoma surgical stage III–IV. In multivariate analysis, we show that the prognostic impact is reasonably correlated to the HLA genetic rather than to the expression of its protein products. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00262-012-1201-0Authors Emilia Andersson, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, SwedenLisa Villabona, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University ...

The value of frozen section evaluation in the management of borderline ovarian tumors

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: In the frozen section evaluation of BOTs, the underdiagnosis that restricts the diagnostic performance of the method seems to be a major problem. A more careful approach is therefore needed, while choosing a proper surgical technique during laparotomy for ovarian masses. In order to reduce the false diagnosis and surgical morbidity, the frozen section analysis should be applied by experienced pathologists and the possible predictive factors affecting a false diagnosis should carefully be taken into consideration. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Histologic pattern, bilaterality and clinical evaluation of 957 ovarian neoplasms: A 10-year study in a tertiary hospital of eastern India

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We noted an earlier age at presentation of malignant tumors. Mature teratoma was found to be the second most common benign tumor (after serous cystadenoma). We also noted a lower percentage of endometrioid tumors. Lower number of stage IV tumors was noted, with a significant number of malignant ovarian tumors presenting at an earlier age. (Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics)

Suppression of Cancer Stemness p21-regulating mRNA and microRNA Signatures in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer Patient Samples

Journal of Ovarian Research — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We present a p53-p21 cancer stemness signature model for ovarian cancer. We propose that this may, at least partially, differentially regulate the p53-p21 mechanism in ovarian disease. Targeting CSCs within ovarian cancer represents a potential therapeutic avenue. (Source: Journal of Ovarian Research)

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Displaced ovarian granulosa cells mimicking metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We read with interest the review by Clarke and McCluggage on iatrogenic lesions and artefacts in gynaecological pathology and in particular displaced ovarian granulosa cells and wish to report a further case in which displaced ovarian granulosa cells caused diagnostic difficulty.1 A 49-year-old Caucasian woman underwent a wide local excision for grade 2 lobular carcinoma of the breast with sentinel lymph node biopsy, which revealed no evidence of metastatic disease. Two years later, she underwent a therapeutic bilateral oophorectomy. The right ovary was entirely normal histologically but in the peripheral cortex of the left ovary, adjacent to an ovarian follicle, there were clusters of fairly uniform small round cells with variable nuclear chromasia, stippled nuclear chromatin and scanty e...

Anthropometric Measures and Risk of Ovarian Cancer Among BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers.

Obesity — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: McGee J, Kotsopoulos J, Lubinski J, Lynch HT, Rosen B, Tung N, Kim-Sing C, Karlan B, Foulkes WD, Ainsworth P, Ghadirian P, Senter L, Eisen A, Sun P, Narod SA Abstract Studies conducted among women in the general population suggest that various anthropometric measures, including height and weight, may be associated with the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Whether such an association exists among women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation has not been evaluated. Thus, we investigated the association between height, weight, changes in body weight, and BMI, and the risk of developing ovarian cancer among 938 women carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. A matched case-control study was conducted in 469 pairs of women carrying a deleterious mutation in either BRCA1 (n = 403 pairs...

Trust: The Foundational Principle (778)

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 03:24:50 +0100

Describe a spiritual care intervention for a family caregiver of a patient with advanced ovarian cancer that spanned the cancer trajectory and bereavement. (Source: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management)

Erratum: A Phase 3 Trial of Bevacizumab in Ovarian Cancer

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 22:00:08 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 366, Issue 3, Page 284, January 2012. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Efficacy of weekly paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer refractory to docetaxel-based chemotherapy

Gastric Cancer — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:52:04 +0100

Conclusions Weekly paclitaxel was modestly active in patients with gastric cancer refractory to docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original articlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10120-011-0135-0Authors Takayuki Ando, Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 JapanAyumu Hosokawa, Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 JapanShinya Kajiura, Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 JapanYuko Itaya, Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 93...

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Congenital Anomalies in the Children of Cancer Survivors: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study [Pediatric Oncology]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Our findings offer strong evidence that the children of cancer survivors are not at significantly increased risk for congenital anomalies stemming from their parent's exposure to mutagenic cancer treatments. This information is important for counseling cancer survivors planning to have children. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Premature Ovarian Failure and Fertility in Long-Term Survivors of Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group and Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte Cohort Study [Hematologic Malignancies]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Nonalkylating chemotherapy carries little to no excess risk of POF. Dose-response relationships for alkylating chemotherapy and age at treatment are both linear. Timely family planning is important for women at risk of POF. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Results of an Online Community Needs Assessment for Psychoeducational Interventions Among Partners of Hereditary Breast Cancer Previvors and Survivors

Journal of Medical Internet Research — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A majority of assessed partners perceived a need for psychoeducational interventions surrounding hereditary breast cancer risk. Internet-based, interactive resources may be an efficient mechanism to reach large numbers of partners with tailored content. Research is warranted to inform the design and deployment of these resources to ensure quality and high impact, and ultimately to examine ways to integrate these resources into clinical care. (Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research)

RE: Defining the limits of radical cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cliby W, Aletti G, Chi D, Bristow R PMID: 22266023 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Gynecologic Cancer

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 12:47:50 +0100

Like many areas in oncology, gynecologic oncology has made several important recent advances in both the prevention and the treatment of reproductive malignancies. New knowledge related to risk factors for endometrial and ovarian cancer has led to novel strategies to reduce risks through diet, contraception choices, and other factors. Important advances have also occurred in the understanding of genetic risks for gynecologic cancers and genetic testing can now identify individuals at substantial risk. Patients at genetic risk can reduce their risk through the use of oral contraception and other choices if they have not completed their families or undergo definitive prophylactic surgery when they no longer desire future pregnancies. Cervical cancer is an area of particular advancement in pr...

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Genetic Risk and Gynecologic Cancers

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 12:47:50 +0100

Hereditary cancer syndromes are responsible for 5% of endometrial cancers and 10% of ovarian cancers. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome account for most of these inherited cases. Significant advances have been made in the identification and management of women with these syndromes. In addition, recent advances have highlighted the prognostic and therapeutic implications for women with gynecologic cancers and inherited cancer syndromes. (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)

New Biologic Agents for the Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 12:47:50 +0100

This article provides an update on the state of targeted therapy testing in gynecologic cancers. (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)

Predicting The Value Of Indexing Symptoms For Ovarian Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

The use of symptom indices to identify patients with symptoms associated with ovarian cancer who may need further screening is increasing in both the UK and the US in an attempt to promote earlier diagnosis, but they may need to be reassessed in order to help better detect cancer, according to a study published January 13 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Ovarian cancer is a disease which is perceived to rarely produce symptoms until the disease has spread to other organs of the body, allowing the disease to reach an advanced stage before it is caught... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

BMP signalling controls the malignant potential of ascites-derived human epithelial ovarian cancer spheroids via AKT kinase activation

Clinical and Experimental Metastasis — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:13:02 +0100

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells have the ability to form multi-cellular aggregates in malignant ascites which dramatically alters cell signalling, survival, and metastatic potential. Herein, we demonstrate that patient ascites-derived EOC cells down-regulate endogenous bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling by decreasing BMP ligand expression when grown in suspension culture to form spheroids. Enforced BMP signalling in these cells via constitutively-active BMP type I ALK3QD receptor expression causes the formation of smaller, more loosely-aggregated spheroids. Additionally, ALK3QD-expressing spheroids have an increased rate of adhesion and dispersion upon reattachment to substratum. Inhibition of endogenous BMP signalling using recombinant Noggin or smal...

Rab25 is overexpressed in Müllerian serous carcinoma compared to malignant mesothelioma

Virchows Archiv — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 07:07:42 +0100

The objective of this study was to validate this finding at the mRNA and protein level. Quantitative PCR analysis of 112 Müllerian serous carcinomas (84 effusions, 28 primary ovarian carcinomas) and 22 malignant mesotheliomas (19 effusions, 3 solid specimens) showed significantly higher RAB25 mRNA expression in the former tumor (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis of Rab25 protein expression in 245 effusions showed significantly higher expression of this protein in Müllerian serous carcinoma compared to malignant mesothelioma (189/209 vs. 12/36 positive tumors, respectively; p < 0.001). Immunostaining of 101 patient-matched solid Müllerian carcinoma specimens (34 primary carcinomas, 67 metastases) showed expression levels comparable to effusions (94/101 positive...

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Ovarian cancer susceptibility alleles and risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Human Mutation — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractGermline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with increased risks of breast and ovarian cancer. A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified six alleles associated with risk of ovarian cancer for women in the general population. We evaluated four of these loci as potential modifiers of ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Four SNPs, rs10088218 (at 8q24), rs2665390 (at 3q25), rs717852 (at 2q31) and rs9303542 (at 17q21), were genotyped in 12,599 BRCA1 and 7,132 BRCA2 carriers, including 2,678 ovarian cancer cases. Associations were evaluated within a retrospective cohort approach. All four loci were associated with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA2 carriers; rs10088218 per‐allele hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81 (95%CI: 0.67‐0.98) P‐trend = 0.033, rs2665...

What if the Doctor Is Wrong?

RWJF News Digest - Quality/Equality — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

When a CT scan showed multiple tumors in Dawna Harwell's pelvis, abdomen and spine in 2008, her doctrors in Dallas told her she might have ovarian cancer, which can be especially deadly. Note: Viewing this article may require a subscription. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Quality/Equality)

Cytologic features and diagnostic accuracy of analysis of effusions for detection of ovarian carcinoma in dogs

Veterinary Clinical Pathology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionBased on this preliminary study, effusion cytology from intact female dogs affected by OC appears to be useful in suggesting a diagnosis of neoplasia. The presence of cells with a prominent and uniform papillary pattern in peritoneal and pleural effusions in dogs with appropriate signalment and clinical signs should prompt a search for primary ovarian neoplasia. (Source: Veterinary Clinical Pathology)

Predicting the Value of Indexing Symptoms for Ovarian Cancer

JNCI — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JNCI)

Finding Ovarian Cancer

JNCI — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JNCI)

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Predictive Value of Symptoms for Ovarian Cancer: Comparison of Symptoms Reported by Questionnaire, Interview, and General Practitioner Notes

JNCI — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Previous estimates of index performance have been overly optimistic because they did not take into account the time required to make a diagnosis on the basis of testing in response to symptoms. In addition, the specificity of a symptom index is lower when based on a telephone interview vs questionnaire or GP notes. Thus, the clinical utility of a symptom index depends on precisely how it is used and how index-positive women are managed. (Source: JNCI)

Prostate Cancer Screening in the Randomized Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial: Mortality Results after 13 Years of Follow-up

JNCI — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions After 13 years of follow-up, there was no evidence of a mortality benefit for organized annual screening in the PLCO trial compared with opportunistic screening, which forms part of usual care, and there was no apparent interaction with age, baseline comorbidity, or pretrial PSA testing. (Source: JNCI)

Gene expression identifies heterogeneity of metastatic propensity in high‐grade soft tissue sarcomas

Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:This approach suggests the existence of >2 subsets of high‐grade pleomorphic STS, each with distinct clinical behavior. A composite gene set such as that described here may be useful to stratify STS in clinical trials, and may be of practical utility in patient management. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Comparative incidence patterns and trends of gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in England, 1979 to 2003

Cancer — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:The age‐incidence patterns observed suggested a common initiation of GCTs in embryonic/fetal life with variable rates of tumor progression as a result of subsequent events that may be site specific. The authors concluded that future genetic studies should consider GCTs from all sites to enable a better understanding of their etiology. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society. (Source: Cancer)

Miscellaneous tumour-like lesions of the ovary: cross-sectional imaging review.

The British Journal of Radiology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lalwani N, Patel S, Ha KY, Shanbhogue AK, Nagar AM, Chintapalli KN, Prasad SR Abstract Miscellaneous tumour-like ovarian lesions are histo-biologically diverse, and are often mistaken for the more common ovarian cancers, leading to aggressive management. Knowledge of characteristic clinical, laboratory and imaging findings of these select non-neoplastic ovarian entities allows correct diagnoses and permits optimal management. PMID: 22253351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Radiology)

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Standardization of cytoreductive surgery is a precondition for clinical trials of ovarian cancer including cytoreductive surgery and/or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Gynecologic Oncology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lim MC, Park SY PMID: 22266549 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity of one-dimensional chain [Fe(salen)(L)](n) complexes against human cancer cell lines.

Toxicology in Vitro — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dvořák Z, Starha P, Sindelář Z, Trávníček Z Abstract The 1d-polymeric iron(III) complexes [Fe(salen)(μ-L)](n) (1-6), involving a deprotonated form of the N-donor heterocyclic compounds (l) imidazole (complex 1), 1,2,4-triazole (2), benztriazole (3), 5-methyltetrazole (4), 5-aminotetrazole (5) and 5-phenyltetrazole (6), were studied for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines including lung carcinoma (A549), cervix epithelial carcinoma (HeLa), osteosarcoma (HOS), malignant melanoma (G361), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), ovarian carcinoma (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780cis). Cytotoxicity in vitro (IC(50)=0.39-0.48μM) was achieved for 2-6 against A2780 (IC(50) of cisplatin equals 11.5μM) as well as for 5 and 6 agains...

Gynecological cancer: True progress in ovarian cancer or just the tip of the iceberg?

Nature Clinical Practice Oncology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 9, 65 (2012). doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.210 Author: Lisa Hutchinson Development of malignant ascites is common in patients with ovarian cancer, and few therapeutic options exist for women with ascites whose tumors become resistant to chemotherapy. Furthermore, in such patients symptom palliation options are limited, and the few available treatments are unpleasant and can result (Source: Nature Clinical Practice Oncology)

A Potent Oncolytic Adenovirus Selectively Blocks the STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Potentiates Cisplatin Antitumor Activity in Ovarian Cancer

Human Gene Therapy — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 16:53:02 +0100

Human Gene Therapy Jan 2012, Vol. 23, No. 1: 32-45. (Source: Human Gene Therapy)

In Ovarian Cancer, Faulty Proteins May Prove Significant In Identifying New Treatments

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

OHSU Knight Cancer Institute study results suggest that more patients than initially thought could potentially be treated with a new class of drugs, PARP inhibitors A constellation of defective proteins suspected in causing a malfunction in the body's ability to repair its own DNA could be the link scientists need to prove a new class of drugs will be effective in treating a broad range of ovarian cancer patients, an Oregon Health & Science University Knight Cancer Institute study found... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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TGFBI promoter hypermethylation correlating with paclitaxel chemoresistance in ovarian cancer

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The purpose of this study is to determine the methylation status of Transforming growth factor-beta-inducible gene-h3 (TGFBI) and its correlation with paclitaxel chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The methylation status of TGFBI was examined in ovarian cancer and control groups by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The TGFBI expression and cell viability were compared by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Western Blotting and MTT assay before and after demethylating agent 5-aza-2' -deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) treatment in 6 cell lines (SKOV3, SKOV3/TR, SKOV3/DDP, A2780, 2780/TR, OVCAR8). In our results, TGFBI methylation was detected in 29/40 (72.5%) of ovarian cancer and 1/10 (10%) of benign ovarian tumors. No methylation was detected in normal ovarian tissues (P (So...

Pre-Treatment Tumor Expression of ERCC1 in Women with Advanced Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer is Not Predictive of Clinical Outcomes: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

Gynecologic Oncology — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: ERCC1 expression, measured by IHC in pre-treatment tumor specimens, using a highly specific antibody, has limited clinical value in patients with advanced EOC treated with platinum and taxane based chemotherapy. PMID: 22261301 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

New Symptom Indices Offer No Gain in Ovarian Ca (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 18:51:31 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Two new ovarian cancer symptom indices showed little advantage over the current Goff Index, according to a U.K. study. (Source: MedPage Today Hematology/Oncology)

Resveratrol downregulates Akt/GSK and ERK signalling pathways in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells

RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 10:54:10 +0100

Mol. BioSyst., 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C2MB05486H, PaperDaniele Vergara, Pasquale Simeone, Daniela Toraldo, Piero Del Boccio, Viviana Vergaro, Stefano Leporatti, Damiana Pieragostino, Andrea Tinelli, Stefania De Domenico, Saverio Alberti, Andrea Urbani, Michel Salzet, Angelo Santino, Michele MaffiaResveratrol shows antitumor activity in human ovarian cancer cell lines targeting signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation and drug-resistance.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Mol. BioSyst. latest articles)

Use of trastuzumab in Australia and New Zealand: results from the National Breast Cancer Audit

ANZ Journal of Surgery — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Trastuzumab‐prescribing trends conform to the published guidelines. However, older patients and those with HER‐2 positive, node‐negative tumours >1 cm may be undertreated in some cases. (Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery)

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MicroRNA-101 (miR-101) Promotes Expression of E-cadherin (E-Cad) By Relieving Epigenetic Repression in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC)

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:58 +0100

Conclusions: miR-101 re-expression appears to have antitumor effects by enhancing the expression of E-Cad via down-regulation of Snail-1 and EzH2, paving the way for a possible therapeutic approach to EOC. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells Respond Poorly to Chemotherapeutic Agents

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:58 +0100

Conclusions: The 3+Ecad- cells may be a highly enriched “stem/progenitor cell” population from human ovarian cancer cell lines. Thus, the 3+Ecad- population and the molecular mechanisms contributing to stem/progenitor phenotypes may offer novel therapeutic targets for agents such as MIS for the treatment of ovarian cancer which can be added to the present standard of care after surgical debulking and chemotherapeutic agents that reduce the bulk of the tumor burden. These results strongly suggest that each patient's treatment be individualized after appropriate sensitivity testing. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Mechanism for Expansile Nanoparticle Uptake in Mesothelioma

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:49 +0100

Conclusions: Uptake of expansile nanoparticles by tumor cells utilizes pathways of macropinocytosis. This pathway is non-receptor dependent thus allowing rapid nanoparticle uptake to occur in tumors of various cell origins; thus explaining similar anti-tumor efficacy against breast and ovarian carcinoma in vivo. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Malignancy: An Analysis of ACS NSQIP Data 2005-2008

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:02 +0100

Conclusions: The incidence of VTE is higher in patients with malignant neoplasm undergoing surgical procedures when compared to their benign counterparts. the relative risk of VTE varies by tumor type and is not uniform across patients undergoing surgical procedures. After controlling for patient characteristics known to be associated with VTE, the odds ratio of VTE remained elevated for malignancies of specific sites. Recommendations for VTE prophylaxis for patients undergoing surgical procedures should be based on the overall risk profile of the patient including an adjustment tailored to the specific type of malignancy. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

Fertility Preservation in Young Cancer Patients: Transplantation of Isolated Ovarian Follicles in Biomaterials in a Mouse Model of Infertility

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:28:56 +0100

(Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

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Indications for breast magnetic resonance imaging in an oncology reference center

Radiologia Brasileira — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 19:42:51 +0100

CONCLUSION: In spite of inconclusive findings at conventional imaging studies being the most common indication for breast magnetic resonance imaging, there is no evidence in the literature supporting such a conduct. Because of its high sensitivity and high rate of false positive results, magnetic resonance imaging should be appropriately indicated in order to avoid unnecessary procedures. Once such method is appropriately indicated, it may contribute in the decision making process, constituting an essential tool in the assessment of breast lesions. (Source: Radiologia Brasileira)

Minocycline inhibits growth of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These findings provide the initial basis for further evaluation of minocycline in the treatment of ovarian cancer. PMID: 22252097 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Faulty proteins may prove significant in identifying new treatments for ovarian cancer

ScienceDaily Headlines — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 02:06:06 +0100

A constellation of defective proteins suspected in causing a malfunction in the body's ability to repair its own DNA could be the link scientists need to prove a new class of drugs will be effective in treating a broad range of ovarian cancer patients, a new study found. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Infliximab: Ovarian and breast cancer?: case report

Reactions — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 23:22:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)