MedWorm: Ovarian Cancer

Rhein lysinate suppresses the growth of tumor cells and increases the anti-tumor activity of taxol in mice.

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:06:08 +0100

In conclusion, rhein lysinate offers an anti-tumor activity in vivo and is hopeful to be a chemotherapeutic drug. PMID: 19885952 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine)

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Nektar Completes Enrollment In Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating NKTR-102 In Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Nektar Therapeutics announced that it has completed enrollment ahead of schedule in its Phase 2 clinical study of NKTR-102 in platinum- resistant ovarian cancer. NKTR-102 is Nektar's investigational proprietary compound currently being evaluated in Phase 2 clinical development in ovarian, breast and colorectal cancers. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

Application of a risk scoring system to predict surgical adverse events in the management of epithelial ovarian cancers.

Gynecologic Oncology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 22:58:04 +0100

Authors: Li AJ PMID: 19883850 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Vasculogenic mimicry of human ovarian cancer cells: role of CD147.

International Journal of Oncology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 22:16:30 +0100

In this study, we found significant correlations between expression of CD147 in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor invasiveness, the activity of the proteases and the ability to form vascular channels. The treatment of SKOV3 cells with small interfering RNA against CD147 suppressed the ability of these cells to generate non-endothelial cell-lined channels. In contrast, transfection of CD147 cDNA into the CABA I cell line resulted in an increased tumor invasiveness and enabled the formation of vascular channels. Altogether, our data suggest that CD147 may play a critical role in VM of CABA I and SKOV3, human ovarian cancer cell lines. PMID: 19885565 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Oncology)

Clarifying Myths: Ovarian Cancer can Have Early Symptoms, can be Successfully Treated

Mayo Clinic Health Information — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 19:10:27 +0100

The September issue of Mayo Clinic Women's HealthSource looks at myths and facts about ovarian cancer. (Source: Mayo Clinic Health Information)

Recurrent ovarian malignancy presenting as cutaneous metastasis

Indian Journal of Dermatology — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 14:03:54 +0100

We report the case of the woman who presented to us with clitoral nodules and skin nodules. Histopathological examination of nodules confirmed the diagnosis of metastasis of an ovarian carcinoma. Despite poor prognosis, the patient responded and survived well beyond the expected four months survival of similar cases. (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology)

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Yondelis approved for ovarian cancer

Pharmacy Europe — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 14:11:55 +0100

Regulators in Europe approve Zeltia's oncology drug Yondelis for ovarian cancer (Source: Pharmacy Europe)

Women with breast cancer have low vitamin D levels, scientists discover

NaturalNews.com — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) At the American Society of Clinical Oncology's Breast Cancer Symposium held in San Francisco recently, researchers from the University of Rochester Medical Center made an announcement that at first glance may seem startling -- at least it may startle people who are unaware of the preventive and healing power of nutrients. When they studied 166 women undergoing treatment for breast cancer, the scientists found the vast majority, about 70 percent, had something other than their cancer in common: they had very low levels of vitamin D in their blood. What's more, women whose disease had progressed to late-stage (i.e. terminal) cancer had the lowest levels of all.According to the researchers' statement to the media, their take away message about the breast cancer study seems to be...

A glycomics approach to the discovery of potential cancer biomarkers.

Cancer Control — Wed, 04 Nov 2009 04:14:09 +0100

Authors: An HJ, Lebrilla CB Glycosylation is highly sensitive to the biochemical environment and plays a key role in development and disease manifestation. Moreover, glycan biosynthesis depends on several highly competitive processes; thus, variations in the concentration of specific glycosyltransferases produce different products. For this reason, monitoring changes in glycosylation may be a more specific and sensitive approach to biomarker discovery and possibly disease diagnosis. Glycans in serum are of particular interest as approximately half of all proteins are glycosylated. We have developed the methods for profiling the glycans in human serum to identify glycan biomarker. Global release methods were used including chemical and enzymatic to access O-linked and N-linked glycans, ...

Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in ovarian cancer and its correlation with histology

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 21:14:01 +0100

Conclusions No significant differences were noted between benign and malignant ovaries in our population in all four indices of vascularity and perfusion of 3D power Doppler. Further large prospective studies should evaluate the significance of 3D power Doppler using histogram analysis in the early detection of ovarian cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1007/s00404-009-1269-8Authors Iris Ohel, Soroka University Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 151 Beer-Sheva IsraelEyal Sheiner, Soroka University Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 151 Beer-Sheva IsraelBarak Aricha-Tamir, Soroka University Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 151 Beer-Sheva IsraelB...

Breast cancer risks in individuals testing negative for a known family mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:15:42 +0100

Abstract Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in family members of individuals with known deleterious mutations can distinguish between patients at high risk of disease and those who are not. Some studies have suggested that individuals testing negative for known familial mutations (true negatives), may still have a higher risk of breast cancer (BC) than the general population. We have examined a prospectively followed cohort of true negative women in the US. Subjects were close relatives of known BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers who had undergone genetic testing, were negative for the known familial mutation, and were unaffected at the time of genetic testing. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SEER inciden...

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Genomic instability and the selection of treatments for cancer

The Journal of Pathology — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A critical link exists between DNA mutation and chromosomal rearrangements (genomic instability) and cancer development. This genomic instability can manifest itself as small changes at the nucleotide level or as gross chromosomal alterations. Mutations in the genes that encode DNA damage response proteins are responsible for a variety of genomic instability syndromes including hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma, Bloom's syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, BRCA-associated breast and ovarian cancers and Fanconi anaemia. Similarly, epigenetic silencing of genes associated with the maintenance of genomic stability have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, we discuss how different tumours may be classified not only by tumour site but also by the type of underlying ...

Motor Protein-Dependent Membrane Trafficking of KCl Cotransporter-4 Is Important for Cancer Cell Invasion.

Cell Research — Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study stresses the important role of KCC4 in tumor malignant behavior. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR on samples collected by laser microdissection and immunofluorescent stainings with different KCC isoform antibodies indicate that KCC4 is abundant in metastatic cervical and ovarian cancer tissues. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulate KCC4 recruitment from a presumably inactive cytoplasmic pool of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to plasma membrane along actin cytoskeleton that is significantly inhibited by LY294002 and wortmannin. Throughout the trafficking process, KCC4 is incorporated into lipid rafts that function as a platform for the association between KCC4 and myosin Va, an actin-dependent motor protein. KCC4 and ezrin, a membran...

Epithelial ovarian cancer outcomes unrelated to extreme drug resistance

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 15:01:27 +0100

The survival outcomes of women with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian, and primary peritoneal cancers are not affected by extreme drug resistance (EDR) to multiple agents in vitro, conclude US scientists. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

Æterna Zentaris Announces Positive Preliminary Results for Phase 2 Study with LHRH-Receptor Targeted Cytotoxic Conjugate AEZS-108 in Ovarian Cancer

Drugs.com - Clinical Trials — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 13:41:53 +0100

QUÉBEC CITY, Nov. 2 /CNW Telbec/ - Æterna Zentaris Inc. (TSX: AEZ; Nasdaq: AEZS) (the "Company"), a global biopharmaceutical company focused on endocrine therapy and oncology, today announced positive efficacy data from a Phase 2 study... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)

Æterna Zentaris Announces Positive Preliminary Results for Phase 2 Study with LHRH-Receptor Targeted Cytotoxic Conjugate AEZS-108 in Ovarian Cancer

Drugs.com - Clinical Trials — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 13:41:53 +0100

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Trabectedin (Yondelis®) approved in Europe for ovarian cancer

NeLM - Oncology — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Source: PharmaTimes Area: News According to PharmaTimes, the European Commission has approved trabectedin (Yondelis®) for use in combination with doxorubicin in the treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer. The report notes that the FDA has requested additional information before approving this drug combination, including overall survival data from an ongoing trial and further clinical pharmacology studies (see link below). (Source: NeLM - Oncology)

FEZ1/LZTS1 protein expression in ovarian cancer

Journal of Cellular Physiology — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the reduction or loss of FEZ1 protein could be an aid to the clinical management of patients affected by ovarian carcinoma. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology)

Loss of heterozygosity at BRCA1/2 loci in hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancers.

J Appl Genet — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 09:18:02 +0100

Authors: Brozek I, Ochman K, Debniak J, Morzuch L, Ratajska M, Stepnowska M, Stukan M, Emerich J, Limon J Loss of heterozygosity at BRCA1/2 loci in breast and ovarian tumors is a suggested risk factor for germline BRCA1/2 mutation status. We evaluated the presence of losses of selected microsatellite markers localized on chromosomes 17 and 13q in hereditary and sporadic ovarian tumors. 151 consecutive primary ovarian tumors (including 21 with BRCA1/2 mutations and 130 without the mutations) were screened for loss of heterozygosity at loci on chromosomes 17 and 13q. Losses of heterozygosity of at least one microsatellite marker localized on chromosomes 17 and 13q were revealed in 123 (81.5%) and 104 (68.9%) tumors, respectively. Losses of all informative markers on chromosomes 17 and 13...

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of human serous ovarian cancer by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Analytical Biochemistry — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, 10 housekeeping genes, ACTB, ALAS1, GAPDH, GUSB, HPRT1, PBGD, PPIA, PUM1, RPL29, and TBP as well as 18S rRNA that were already used in various studies were analyzed to determine their applicability. Totally 20 serous ovarian cancer specimens and 20 normal ovarian epithelial tissue specimens were examined. All candidate reference genes showed significant differences in expression between malignant and nonmalignant groups except GUSB, PPIA, and TBP. The expression stability and suitability of the 11 genes were validated employing geNorm and NormFinder. GUSB, PPIA, and TBP were demonstrated as the most stable reference genes and thus could be used as reference genes for normalization in gene profiling studies of serous ovarian cancer, while the combination of two genes (GUSB an...

TGFBR1*6A/9A polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 13,662 cases and 14,147 controls.

Molecular Biology Reports — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liao RY, Mao C, Qiu LX, Ding H, Chen Q, Pan HF Published data on the association between TGFBR1*6A/9A polymorphism and cancer risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 32 studies including 13,662 cases and 14,147 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, significantly elevated cancer risks were associated with TGFBR1*6A in all genetic models (for allelic effect: OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.03-1.21; for 6A/6A vs. 9A/9A: OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.01-1.69; for 9A/6A vs. 9A/9A: OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.01-1.15; for dominant model: OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02-1.15; for recessive model: OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.00-1.68). In the subgroup analysis by cancer types, significant associations were found in breast ca...

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The epidermal growth factor receptor responsive miR-125a represses mesenchymal morphology in ovarian cancer cells.

Neoplasia — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We report that EGFR signaling leads to transcriptional repression of the miRNA miR-125a through the ETS family transcription factor PEA3. Overexpression of miR-125a induces conversion of highly invasive ovarian cancer cells from a mesenchymal to an epithelial morphology, suggesting miR-125a is a negative regulator of EMT. We identify AT-rich interactive domain 3B (ARID3B) as a target of miR-125a and demonstrate that ARID3B is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer. Repression of miR-125a through growth factor signaling represents a novel mechanism for regulating ovarian cancer invasive behavior. PMID: 19881956 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Neoplasia)

The effects of vandetanib on paclitaxel tumor distribution and antitumor activity in a xenograft model of human ovarian carcinoma.

Neoplasia — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study was designed to determine the effects of vandetanib, a small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor, on paclitaxel (PTX) tumor distribution and antitumor activity in xenograft models of human ovarian carcinoma. Nude mice bearing A2780-1A9 xenografts received daily (5, 10, or 15 days) doses of vandetanib (50 mg/kg per os), combined with PTX (20 mg/kg intravenously). Morphologic and functional modifications associated with the tumor vasculature (CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin staining and Hoechst 33342 perfusion) and PTX concentrations in plasma and tumor tissues were analyzed. Activity was evaluated as inhibition of tumor growth subcutaneously and spreading into the peritoneal cavity. Vandetanib t...

Efficacy of Dexmethylphenidate for the Treatment of Fatigue After Cancer Chemotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Cancer and its treatment can induce subjective and objective evidence of diminished functional capacity encompassing physical fatigue and cognitive impairment. Dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH; the d-isomer of methylphenidate) was evaluated for treatment of chemotherapy-related fatigue and cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the potential therapeutic effect and safety of d-MPH in the treatment of patients with chemotherapy-related fatigue. Change from baseline in the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Subscale (FACIT-F) total score at Week 8 was the primary outcome measure. One hundred fifty-four patients (predominantly with breast and ovarian cancers) were randomized and treated. Compared with placeb...

Ovarian cancer update: lessons from morphology, molecules, and mice.

Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cho KR Ovarian carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Pathologists currently employ a morphology-based classification system to divide ovarian carcinomas into major subgroups based on degree (tumor grade) and type of differentiation (eg, serous, endometrioid, clear cell, or mucinous). Molecular studies have shown that specific genetic defects are likely to be present in certain histologic types of ovarian carcinomas and unlikely to be present in others. Within the serous and endometrioid carcinomas, the molecular defects in low-grade versus high-grade tumors also appear to be largely distinct. Recently, mouse models of ovarian carcinoma have been developed that recapitulate many of the morphologic features and biologic behavior of selected subtypes of ovarian cance...

Robotics and Gynecologic Oncology: Review of the Literature

The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The objectives of this article were to review the published scientific literature about robotics and its application to gynecologic oncology to date and to summarize findings of this advanced computerenhanced laparoscopic technique. Relevant sources were identified by a search of PUBMED from January 1950 to January 2009 using the key words Robot or Robotics and Cervical cancer, Endometrial cancer, Gynecologic oncology, and Ovarian cancer. Appropriate case reports, case series, retrospective studies, prospective trials, and review articles were selected. A total of 38 articles were identified on the subject, and 27 were included in the study. The data for gynecologic cancer show comparable results between robotic and laparoscopic surgery for estimated blood loss, operative time, length of h...

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Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer

The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study, based on a Danish national registry, shows what a central database can do for large-scale population studies with most of the confounding variables such as recall and unfilled prescriptions obviated. (Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology)

1. Commentary on Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial: Andriole GL, Crawford ED, Grubb RL III, Buys SS, Chia D, Church TR, Fouad MN, Gelmann EP, Kvale PA, Reding DJ, Weissfeld JL, Yokochi LA, O'Brien B, Clapp JD, Rathmell JM, Riley TL, Hayes RB, Kramer BS, Izmirlian G, Miller AB, Pinsky PF, Prorok PC, Gohagan JK, Berg CD, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 15:30:09 +0100

The effect of screening with prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination on the rate of death from prostate cancer is unknown. This is the first report from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial on prostate-cancer mortality.From 1993 through 2001, we randomly assigned 76,693 men at 10 U.S. study centers to receive either annual screening (38,343 subjects) or usual care as the control (38,350 subjects). Men in the screening group were offered annual PSA testing for 6 years and digital rectal examination for 4 years. The subjects and health care providers received the results and decided on the type of follow-up evaluation. Usual care sometimes included screening, as some organizations have recommended. The numbers of all cancers...

Ovarian Preservation and Staging in Reproductive-Age Endometrial Cancer Patients.

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 14:45:43 +0100

Page: 726DOI: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000361368.51892.57Authors: Richter, Christine E.; Qian, Biyun; Martel, Maritza; Yu, Herbert; Azodi, Masoud; Rutherford, Thomas J.; Schwartz, Peter E. (Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey)

The contribution of founder mutations to early-onset breast cancer in French-Canadian women.

Clinical Genetics — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 12:54:13 +0100

Authors: Ghadirian P, Robidoux A, Zhang P, Royer R, Akbari M, Zhang S, Fafard E, Costa M, Martin G, Potvin C, Patocskai E, Larouche N, Younan R, Nassif E, Giroux S, Narod SA, Rousseau F, Foulkes WD In an ethnically-homogeneous population, it is valuable to identify founder mutations in cancer-predisposing genes. Founder mutations have been found in four breast-cancer-predisposing genes in French-Canadian breast cancer families. The frequencies of the mutant alleles have been measured neither in a large series of unselected breast cancer patients from Quebec, nor in healthy controls. These estimates are necessary to measure their contribution to the hereditary burden of breast cancer in Quebec and to help develop genetic screening policies which are appropriate for the province. We stud...

Predicting which patients with ovarian carcinoma are not suitable for primary cytoreduction

Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

No Abstracts. (Source: Journal of Surgical Oncology)

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[Comment] Screening for prostate cancer remains controversial

LANCET — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

The effectiveness of prostate-cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for mortality reduction and quality-of-life improvement remains uncertain after the recent publication of two large trials—the European randomised study of screening for prostate cancer (ERSPC) and the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. (Source: LANCET)

Nidogen-2: A New Serum Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer.

Clinical Biochemistry — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Nidogen-2 is a new biomarker for ovarian cancer which correlates closely with CA125. PMID: 19883638 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Biochemistry)

A Glycomics Approach to the Discovery of Potential Cancer Biomarkers

Springer protocols feed by Biochemistry — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Glycosylation is highly sensitive to the biochemical environment and plays a key role in development and disease manifestation. Moreover, glycan biosynthesis depends on several highly competitive processes; thus, variations in the concentration of specific glycosyltransferases produce different products. For this reason, monitoring changes in glycosylation may be a more specific and sensitive approach to biomarker discovery and possibly disease diagnosis. Glycans in serum are of particular interest as approximately half of all proteins are glycosylated. We have developed the methods for profiling the glycans in human serum to identify glycan biomarker. Global release methods were used including chemical and enzymatic to access O-linked and N-linked glycans, respectively. Glycans were relea...

Phase I Active Immunotherapy With Combination of Two Chimeric, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2, B-Cell Epitopes Fused to a Promiscuous T-Cell Epitope in Patients With Metastatic and/or Recurrent Solid Tumors [Phase I and Clinical Pharmacology]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 22:02:56 +0100

Conclusion The combination vaccines were safe and effective in eliciting antibody responses in a subset of patients (62.5%) and were associated with no serious adverse events, autoimmune disease, or cardiotoxicity. There was preliminary evidence of clinical activity in several patients. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

The Leu33Pro polymorphism in the ITGB3 gene does not modify BRCA1/2-associated breast or ovarian cancer risks: results from a multicenter study among 15,542 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 19:51:12 +0100

Abstract Integrins containing the β3 subunit are key players in tumor growth and metastasis. A functional Leu33Pro polymorphism (rs5918) in the β3 subunit of the integrin gene (ITGB3) has previously been suggested to act as a modifier of ovarian cancer risk in Polish BRCA1 mutation carriers. To investigate the association further, we genotyped 9,998 BRCA1 and 5,544 BRCA2 mutation carriers from 34 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for the ITGB3 Leu33Pro polymorphism. Data were analysed within a Cox-proportional hazards framework using a retrospective likelihood approach. There was marginal evidence that the ITGB3 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers (per-allele Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.11...

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BRCA testing in women with familial, personal history of ovarian cancer may reduce cases in first-degree relatives

HemOncToday.com — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 11:45:00 +0100

(Source: HemOncToday.com)

Nektar Completes Enrollment Ahead Of Schedule In Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating NKTR-102 In Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 09:00:00 +0100

Nektar Therapeutics (Nasdaq: NKTR) announced that it has completed enrollment ahead of schedule in its Phase 2 clinical study of NKTR-102 in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. NKTR-102 is Nektar's investigational proprietary compound currently being evaluated in Phase 2 clinical development in ovarian, breast and colorectal cancers. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

A coumarin derivative (RKS262) inhibits cell-cycle progression, causes pro-apoptotic signaling and cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells

Investigational New Drugs — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 07:22:20 +0100

Summary Coumarin derivative RKS262 belongs to a new class of potential anti-tumor agents. RKS262 was identified by structural optimization of Nifurtimox which is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials to treat high-risk neuroblastoma. In a NCI60 cell-line assay RKS262 exhibited significant cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells and a variety of other cell lines exceeding effects of commercial drugs such as cisplatin, 5-FU, cyclophosphamide or sapacitabine. Various leukemia cell-lines were most sensitive (GI50: ~ 10 nM) while several non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and few cell lines from other tissues were relatively resistant (GI50 > 1 µM) to RKS262 treatment. The mechanism of cytotoxicity was examined using ovarian cancer cell-line OVCAR-3 as ...

Concordant Gene Expression Signatures Predict Clinical Outcomes of Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Therapy

Cancer Research — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 04:08:14 +0100

Conventional development of multivariate gene expression models (GEM) predicting therapeutic response of cancer patients is based on analysis of patients treated with specific regimens, which limits generalization to different or novel drug combinations. We overcome this limitation by developing GEMs based on in vitro drug sensitivities and microarray analyses of the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. These GEMs were evaluated in blind fashion as predictors of tumor response and/or patient survival in seven independent cohorts of patients with breast (n = 275), bladder (n = 59), and ovarian (n= 143) cancer treated with multiagent chemotherapy, of which 233 patients were from prospectively enrolled clinical trials. In all studies, GEMs effectively stratified tumor response and patient survival ...

[Review] Management of endometrial cancer in Asia: consensus statement from the Asian Oncology Summit 2009

The Lancet Oncology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the available evidence for optimum management of endometrial cancer and how management strategies can be applied in Asian countries with different levels of health-care resource availability and economic development. An overview of the literature for endometrial-cancer screening, diagnosis, and management is discussed. Consensus statements are formulated on the basis of basic, limited, enhanced, and maximum health-care resource availability, using the framework provided by the Breast Health Global Initiative. (Source: The Lancet Oncology)

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Risk of ovarian failure and fertility preserving methods in girls and adolescents with a malignant disease

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the effect of chemo- and radiotherapy on gonadal function, and thus fertility, and offers different fertility preserving methods based on the literature. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a possible way of preserving fertility in this group of patients in the future. (Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Metformin attenuates ovarian cancer cell growth in an AMP- kinase dispensable manner.

J Cell Mol Med — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rattan R, Giri S, Hartmann L, Shridhar V ABSTRACT Metformin, the most widely used drug for type 2 diabetes activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates cellular energy metabolism. Here, we report that ovarian cell lines VOSE, A2780, CP70, C200, OV202, OVCAR3, SKOV3ip, PE01 and PE04 predominantly express -alpha1, -beta1, -gamma1 and -gamma2 isoforms of AMPK subunits. Our studies show that metformin treatment (1) significantly inhibited proliferation of diverse chemo-responsive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, CP70, C200, OV202, OVCAR3, SKVO3ip, PE01 and PE04), (2) caused cell cycle arrest accompanied by decreased cyclin D1 and increased p21 protein expression, (3) activated AMPK in various ovarian cancer cell lines as evident from increased pho...

The Couples' Illness Communication Scale (CICS): Development and evaluation of a brief measure assessing illness-related couple communication.

British Journal of Health Psychology — Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The CICS meets the majority of psychometric criteria for assessment measures in both a life-threatening illness (ovarian cancer) and a chronic progressive disease (MS). Further research is required to understand its suitability for use in other populations. Adoption of the CICS into couple-related research will improve understanding of the role of illness-related communication in adjustment to illness. Use of this short, simple tool in a clinical setting can provide a springboard for addressing difficulties with illness-related couple communication and could aid decision making for referrals to couple counselling. PMID: 19878621 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: British Journal of Health Psychology)

Ovarian cancer screening and early detection

Future Medicine: Women's Health — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 16:45:53 +0100

Women's Health , November 2009, Vol. 5, No. 6, Pages 693-699. (Source: Future Medicine: Women's Health)

Epidermal growth factor increases lysophosphatidic acid production in human ovarian cancer cells: roles for phospholipase d2 and receptor transactivation.

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology — Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study explores the role of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) activation in LPA production, as well as cross-talk between EGF and LPA receptors. We demonstrate that EGF and LPA both stimulate production of LPA by OVCAR3 and SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell lines. PD158780, an EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks LPA production in response to both EGF and LPA in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of LPA receptor signaling, inhibits LPA production in response to both EGF and LPA. Similar results were observed for the LPA receptor antagonist, Ki16425. Over-expression of PLD2 increases LPA production, while knockdown of PLD2 blocks EGF-induced LPA production. A phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor also blocks LPA- and EGF-induced LPA production. These results indicate that...

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Phase II randomized study of trabectedin given as two different every 3 weeks dose schedules (1.5 mg/m2 24 h or 1.3 mg/m2 3 h) to patients with relapsed, platinum-sensitive, advanced ovarian cancer

Annals of Oncology — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 20:01:10 +0100

Conclusions: Both every-3-weeks trabectedin regimes, 1.5 mg/m2 24 h and 1.3 mg/m2 3 h, were active and reasonably well tolerated in AOC platinum-sensitive patients. Trabectedin every-3-weeks has promising activity and deserves to be further evaluated in relapsed AOC. (Source: Annals of Oncology)

Ovarian Cancer

Springer Medicine titles — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:02:40 +0100

Second Edition series: Cancer Treatment and Research Ovarian carcinoma continues to be responsible for more deaths than all other gynecologic malignancies combined, due to a continued inability to achieve detection of early (rather than advanced) stage disease and the lack of effective tumor-specific therapeutics. Ovarian carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastatic dissemination require a complex cascade of interrelated genetic, ... (Source: Springer Medicine titles)

Activity of the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib against ovarian cancer cells

British Journal of Cancer AOP — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: G E Konecny, R Glas, J Dering, K Manivong, J Qi, R S Finn, G R Yang, K-L Hong, C Ginther, B Winterhoff, G Gao, J Brugge & D J Slamon (Source: British Journal of Cancer AOP)

No evidence for glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 in breast cancer risk

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 18:10:09 +0100

Abstract Breast cancer is a complex disease and in recent years a number of breast cancer susceptibility genes have been identified, but the role of low penetrance susceptibility genes has not been completely resolved. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in the detoxification of chemical carcinogens and environmental pollutants and play an important role in cell defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. They have been in the spot light for the investigation of a potential association with breast cancer risk but so far, sparse or even no data for a potential contribution of GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO, and GSTZ to breast cancer risk are available. We genotyped GSTA2_448_C > G (rs2180314), GSTA2_742_A > C ...

Precursors of endometrial and ovarian carcinoma

Virchows Archiv — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 17:59:43 +0100

Abstract This review discusses precursor lesions of endometrial and ovarian carcinoma with an emphasis on the unique molecular alterations that have led to the development of binary classification schemes for tumors of both the endometrium and ovary. While such a system is well established for endometrial carcinoma, only recently has a binary classification scheme been proposed for ovarian carcinoma. For both, the morphologic and molecular genetic-defining characteristics of their respective precursor lesions are described in detail. Furthermore, similarities and differences of the precursor lesions of specific tumors of these two genital tract organs are also addressed with a brief discussion of the clinical implications of their diagnosis. Content Type Journal ArticleC...

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Position of the American Dietetic Association: Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding

Journal of the American Dietetic Association — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 15:11:41 +0100

Abstract: It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that exclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and health protection for the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding with complementary foods from 6 months until at least 12 months of age is the ideal feeding pattern for infants. Breastfeeding is an important public health strategy for improving infant and child morbidity and mortality, improving maternal morbidity, and helping to control health care costs. Breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of otitis media, gastroenteritis, respiratory illness, sudden infant death syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, obesity, and hypertension. Breastfeeding is also associated with improved maternal outcomes, including a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer, type ...

Investigation of the miR16-1 (C>T) + 7 Substitution in Seven Different Types of Cancer from Three Ethnic Groups

Journal of Oncology — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 13:50:31 +0100

Conclusions. Considering the large scale of our study, the representation of different ethnicities and levels of hereditary risk, we conclude that the miR-16-1 (C>T) + 7 mutation is not a good diagnostic or prognostic indicator of risk for the cancers tested. (Source: Journal of Oncology)

Nanomolecular targeting of dendritic cells for ovarian cancer therapy

Future Oncology — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 11:45:36 +0100

Future Oncology , October 2009, Vol. 5, No. 8, Pages 1189-1192. (Source: Future Oncology)

Oral growth factor inhibitor shows epithelial ovarian cancer promise

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

An oral vascular endothelial growth factor kinase inhibitor may offer a therapeutic benefit to patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, tubal cancer, or peritoneal cancer, US study findings suggest. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

POU6F1 is the transcription factor that might be involved in cell proliferation of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary

Human Cell — Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary often shows resistance to anticancer agents. We investigated new molecules to use when developing molecular-targeting therapy for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary. RMG-I cells without invasive potential and RMG-V cells with invasive potential (derived from clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary) were subjected to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray analysis. Caveolin-1, a molecule involved in cellular motility and invasion, showed differing expression between the two cell lines. An RNA interference experiment using the published siRNA for caveolin-1 was carried out. The results showed suppression of RMG-V cell infiltration by siRNA, but proliferation of the cancer cells was also suppressed. In other words, RMG-V cell infiltration may ...

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When Should Surgical Cytoreduction in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Take Place?

Journal of Oncology — Sun, 25 Oct 2009 13:47:22 +0100

Initial surgical management is commonly accepted to date as paramount in the treatment of women presenting with epithelial ovarian cancer and permits the assessment of the disease (staging), the histological confirmation of disease type and grade, and the practice of maximal debulking preceding platinum-based chemotherapy. Many studies have shown that the volume of residual disease after initial surgical cytoreduction inversely correlates with survival. Thus, women with optimal debulking performed by a trained specialist have improved median survival. In this review, we will focus on the answers gleaned from clinical trials on primary and interval surgery, which prompts the question on the timing of surgery in respect to chemotherapy. Interval debulking surgery (IDS) is secondary cytoreduc...

Repeated Intraperitoneal α-Radioimmunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer in Mice

Journal of Oncology — Sun, 25 Oct 2009 13:47:22 +0100

Conclusion. Weekly repeated intraperitoneal injections of tolerable amounts of activity of A211t-MX35 F(ab′)2 of up to 6 times produced increased therapeutic efficacy without observed toxicity, indicating a potential increase of the therapeutic index. (Source: Journal of Oncology)

Bcl-2 expression is altered with ovarian tumor progression: an immunohistochemical evaluation

Journal of Ovarian Research — Sun, 25 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The data suggest alterations in Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte infiltration correlate with epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Consequently, Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte status may be important for prognostic outcome or useful targets for therapeutic intervention. (Source: Journal of Ovarian Research)

Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary with sex cord stromal tumor: a previously unrecognized association

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 16:57:10 +0100

Conclusion The occurrence of this unreported association of HC with Sertoli-like tumor, the problems of differential diagnosis and therapeutic management of these tumors are the subject of this presentation. A diagnosis of ovarian metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma is easy in patients with known primary tumor of liver and should be always excluded in these cases as an hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor. Immunohistochemistry is not useful in these cases. However, a combination of clinical and pathological features is necessary for a correct diagnosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Gynecologic OncologyDOI 10.1007/s00404-009-1259-xAuthors Antonio D’Antonio, A.O. “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” Unit of Pathologic Anatomy and Oncology via S. ...

Evaluation of cell surface expression of phosphatidylserine in ovarian carcinoma effusions using the annexin-V/7-AAD assay: clinical relevance and comparison with other apoptosis parameters.

American Journal of Clinical Pathology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 14:00:30 +0100

We present the first evidence of annexin-V expression in ovarian carcinoma effusions. The higher annexin-V expression compared with other apoptosis parameters and its association with high-grade disease and poor survival in postchemotherapy patients suggest a role in cell survival rather than apoptosis in effusions. PMID: 19846818 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Clinical Pathology)

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Mesothelioma, lung cancer and nutrition

NaturalNews.com — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) Mesothelioma doesn't have to be fatal. This rare form of lung cancer has long been feared by workers exposed to asbestos in their work environments, and much of that fear is justified: This form of cancer can be deadly. But it doesn't always have to be.There are natural ways to greatly extend life, even for those suffering from mesothelioma. Most are based on nutritional therapies, as you'll see below. It may seem counterintuitive to suppose that nutrition could play a role in a disease caused by a physical substance (asbestos), but in fact, antioxidants and phytonutrients that support healthy cellular protection can play a substantial role in preventing the onset of cancer.Below, we've collected research from a number of noted natural health authors who explain more about wh...

Meningeal dissemination from an ovarian carcinoma with effective response to intrathecal chemotherapy

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:53 +0100

We report a 58-year-old woman with stage IIIc ovarian cancer who had received nine courses of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. But her carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125 serum level had increased further (38.9 U/ml) after five courses of biweekly paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Tokyo, Japan; BT) maintenance therapy. Fainting occurred, with a few seconds of unconsciousness, as did severe headaches. However, results of head computed tomography (CT), head magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalogram were normal. Lumbar puncture (LP) was performed. The opening pressure was 30 cmH2O or greater. Meningeal dissemination of the ovarian cancer was diagnosed, as adenocarcinoma cells were found by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. We started chemotherapy with intrathecal injec...

Ovarian cancer in endometriosis: epidemiology, natural history, and clinical diagnosis

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:41 +0100

Abstract We review whether endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer is a specific entity compared with ovarian cancer not associated with endometriosis, with respect to epidemiology, natural history, and clinical diagnosis; we present a review of the English-language literature for ovarian cancer in endometriosis with respect to these three features. A recent prospective study in Japan directly showed that, during a follow-up of up to 17 years of an ovarian endometrioma cohort (n = 6398), 46 incident ovarian cancers were identified, showing that the ovarian cancer risk was significantly elevated in patients with ovarian endometrioma (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 8.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.12 to 15.3). Advancing age (>40 years) and the size of the endomet...

Ovarian cancer in endometriosis: molecular biology, pathology, and clinical management

International Journal of Clinical Oncology — Sat, 24 Oct 2009 05:57:41 +0100

Abstract Recent molecular and pathological evidence suggests that endometriosis is a monoclonal, neoplastic disease. Moreover, endometriosis serves as a precursor of ovarian cancer (endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer; EAOC), especially of the endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. Although a variety of molecular events, such as p53 alteration, PTEN silencing, K-ras mutations, and HNF-1 activation, have been identified in EAOC, its precise carcinogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. Our recent data indicate that microenvironmental factors, including oxidative stress and inflammation, play an important role in the carcinogenesis and phenotype of EAOC. The management of endometriosis from the standpoint of EAOC is not standardized yet. To this end, clarification of t...

Citrus fruit and cancer risk in a network of case–control studies

Cancer Causes and Control — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 19:01:07 +0100

Conclusions Our findings indicate that citrus fruit has a protective role against cancers of the digestive and upper respiratory tract. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original paperDOI 10.1007/s10552-009-9454-4Authors Roberto Foschi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Giuseppe La Masa 19 20156 Milan ItalyClaudio Pelucchi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Giuseppe La Masa 19 20156 Milan ItalyLuigino Dal Maso, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico S.O.C. di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica Aviano PN ItalyMarta Rossi, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Giuseppe La Masa 19 20156 Milan ItalyFabio Levi, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne Unité d’Épidémiologie du Cancer e...

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Aberrant expression of p27Kip1-interacting cell-cycle regulatory proteins in ovarian clear cell carcinomas and their precursors with special consideration of two distinct multistage clear cell carcinogenetic pathways

Virchows Archiv — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 18:53:43 +0100

In this study, the expressions of p27Kip1-interacting proteins, i.e., p27Kip1, Skp2, Cks1, cyclin A, cyclin E, and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI), were analyzed in 25 CCAFs (11 benign and 14 borderline) and 15 CCAF-associated CCAs, and compared with the expression status of each protein in the 23 previously studied endometriosis-associated CCAs. Although aberrant expression of all p27Kip1-interacting proteins was more frequent in the CCAF-associated CCAs than in the benign CCAFs, statistical significance was found only for Cks1 overexpression. The frequencies of p27Kip1 downregulation and overexpression of Skp2 and cyclin A were significantly lower in CCAF-associated than in endometriosis-associated CCAs (P < 0.05, respectively). The frequencies of p27Kip1 downregulation and Skp2...

Timing of Breast Cancer Treatments with Oocyte Retrieval and Embryo Cryopreservation

Journal of the American College of Surgeons — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 14:24:17 +0100

Conclusions: Fertility preservation is an important component of quality of life for young women with breast cancer. The time investment required for OR and cryopreservation is manageable and does not significantly prolong the time interval from diagnosis to start of adjuvant chemotherapy. (Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons)

Endocyte Presents Data On EC145 In Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer Before The European Society Of Gynaecologic Oncology

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Officials of Endocyte Inc., a cancer drug discovery and development company, presented data from a Phase 2a clinical trial for EC145, currently in development as a potential treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. Results were presented at the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology meeting in Belgrade, Serbia. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Unusual Metals Might Lead To Better Drugs

Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

British medical scientists say they've demonstrated that unusual metal compounds can be used to form effective cancer drugs. Researchers at the University of Leeds and the University of Warwick said such metals can form an effective treatment against colon and ovarian cancer, including cancerous cells that have developed immunity to other drugs. (Source: Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer)

Expression profiling identifies genes involved in neoplastic transformation of serous ovarian cancer

BMC Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These results highlight several genes that may play an important role across the spectrum of serous ovarian tumorigenesis. (Source: BMC Cancer)

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The prevalence of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer risk in patients with a history of breast or ovarian cancer in Japanese subjects

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Obtaining a detailed breast and ovarian cancer family history and the application of the Myriad model is useful for identifying women at an elevated genetic risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The estimation for the prevalence of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome has significant implications for a patient's management, as well as for the capacity for risk assessment and testing. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Overexpression and overactivation of Stat3 was found in EOC tissues, and the constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling pathway may play an important role in the invasion and prognosis of EOC. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Primary chemotherapy patterns for ovarian cancer treatment in Japan

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Adherence to standardized chemotherapy was comparable to rates in European countries, although rates among hospitals differed significantly. Elderly patients were more likely to receive divided-dose regimens. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Synthesis of 2-Fluoro N10-Substituted Acridones and Their Cytotoxicity Studies in Sensitive and Resistant Cancer Cell Lines and Their DNA Intercalation Studies

Archiv der Pharmazie — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

A series of 2-fluoro N10-substituted acridone derivatives with varying alkyl side chain length with propyl, butyl substitution, and a tertiary amine group at the terminal end of the alkyl side chain were synthesized and screened against cancer cell lines SW 1573, SW 1573 2R 160 (P-gp substrate) which are non-small lung cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MCF-7/MR (BCRP substrate) are breast cancer cell lines, 2008 WT, 2008MRP1, 2008MRP2, 2008MRP3 are ovarian cancer cell lines, and human embryo kidney cell lines like HEK293, HEK293 MRP4, and HEK293 MRP5i. The propyl-series compounds showed lipophilicity in the range of 1.93 to 4.40 and the butyl series in the range of 2.37 to 4.78. The compounds 4, 7, and 8 showed good cytotoxicity against the 60 human cancer cell line panel of the National Cancer In...

Combination of MUC5ac and WT-1 immunohistochemistry is useful in distinguishing pancreatic ductal carcinoma from ovarian serous carcinoma in effusion cytology

Diagnostic Cytopathology — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Malignant ascites may be the first presentation of an unsuspected cancer. Pancreas and ovary are among the organs that are usually evaluated as a source of primary. The purpose of this study is to investigate a panel of immunohistochemical stains to help differentiate pancreatic from ovarian carcinoma. We evaluated the immunohistochemical staining of eight commercially available antibodies MUC1, MUC2, MUC5ac, Wilm's tumor susceptibility gene 1 (WT1), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), CK20, CA125, and CA19.9 in 25 effusion specimens with evidence of metastatic carcinoma including 14 ovarian serous carcinomas, 9 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and 2 unknown primaries. Primary ovarian serous carcinomas were positive for WT-1 (100%), CK7 (93%), CK20 (43%), CA125 (100%), CA19.9 (50%), MUC1 (100%), MUC2 (0%), an...

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An Ashkenazi founder mutation in the MSH6 gene leading to HNPCC

Familial Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 19:00:52 +0100

In this study we report of a common mutation in the MSH6 gene in Ashkenazi Jews. Genetic counseling and diagnostic work-up for HNPCC was conducted in families who attended the high risk clinic for inherited cancer. We identified the mutation c.3984_3987dup in the MSH6 gene in 19 members of four unrelated Ashkenazi families. This mutation results in truncation of the transcript and in loss of expression of the MSH6 protein in tumors. Tumor spectrum among carriers included colon, endometrial, gastric, ovarian, urinary, and breast cancer. All but one family qualified for the Bethesda guidelines and none fulfilled the Amsterdam Criteria. Members of one family also co-inherited the c.6174delT mutation in the BRCA2 gene. The c.3984_3987dup in the MSH6 gene is a mutation leading to HNPCC amon...

Unusual Metals Might Lead To Better Drugs

Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 12:43:47 +0100

LEEDS, England -- British medical scientists say they've demonstrated that unusual metal compounds can be used to form effective cancer drugs. Researchers at the University of Leeds and the University of Warwick said such metals can form an effective treatment against colon and ovarian cancer, including cancerous cells that have developed immunity to other drugs. The study showed a range of compounds containing the metals ruthenium and osmium, which are found in the same part of the periodic table as platinum and gold, cause significant cell death in ovarian and colon cancer cells, and are also very effective against ovarian cancer cells which are resistant to the drug Cisplatin, a highly successful drug that contains... (Source: Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer)

Treating Ovarian Cancer: Vitronectin Receptor Expression Improves Ovarian Cancer Patient Prognosis

ScienceDaily Headlines — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Researchers have discovered that vitronectin receptor expression significantly improved ovarian cancer patient prognosis. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Nutritional factors in ovarian cancer survival.

Nutrition and Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:12:03 +0100

Authors: Bandera EV, Kushi LH, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the United States. Because symptoms tend be nonspecific, early detection is difficult, and most ovarian cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage when the prognosis is poor. Nonetheless, there is clinical evidence that even given the same tumor characteristics (histologic type, stage, and grade), some cases experience much better survival than others. This has led to extensive research on molecular prognostic factors to enable more efficient and targeted therapeutic regimens. However, little is known about the impact that lifestyle factors, such as diet or physical activity, may have in the prognosis of ovarian cancer, whether on disease-free survival or o...

Kaempferol inhibits angiogenesis and VEGF expression through both HIF dependent and independent pathways in human ovarian cancer cells.

Nutrition and Cancer — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 03:12:03 +0100

Authors: Luo H, Rankin GO, Liu L, Daddysman MK, Jiang BH, Chen YC Ovarian cancer is 1 of the most significant malignancies in the Western world, and the antiangiogenesis strategy has been postulated for prevention and treatment of ovarian cancers. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables. The antiangiogenesis potential of kaempferol and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in two ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70. Kaempferol mildly inhibits cell viability but significantly reduces VEGF gene expression at mRNA and protein levels in both ovarian cancer cell lines. In chorioallantoic membranes of chicken embryos, kaempferol significantly inhibits OVCAR-3-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. HIF-1alpha, a regulator of VEGF, is downreg...

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A case of luteinizing thecoma with sclerosing peritonitis: Revisiting a link with anti-epileptic drugs

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Luteinizing thecoma with sclerosing peritonitis (LTSP) is a rare ovarian tumor of unclear etiology and pathogenesis. The diagnostic entity was proposed in 1994, but a number of earlier reports described possible cases, and some suggested an association with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). In presenting a new case we review the literature of previous cases to evaluate the possibility of such a link. When cases in reproductively immature patients are considered, evidence for an association between LTSP and AEDs is strongly suggested despite the rarity of the condition. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Benefit of BRCA Testing in Ovarian Cancer Examined

Modern Medicine — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Testing women with ovarian cancer for the BRCA mutation if they have a personal history of breast cancer, a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, or are of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, is a cost-effective strategy that may prevent cancers in first degree relatives, according to a study published online Oct. 19 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Cisplatin administration following carboplatin desensitization failure in primary peritoneal cancer: a brief report

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 12:31:06 +0100

Conclusions Platinum-based therapies are vital to the treatment of primary peritoneal and ovarian carcinoma. Protocols that successfully incorporate platinum agents, despite a platinum hypersensitivity, are clinically relevant. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00280-009-1159-6Authors Daniel P. Greene, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville VA USAJames Stuart Ferriss, University of Virginia Health System Thornton Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 800712 Charlottesville VA 22908 USAAmir A. Jazaeri, University of Virginia Health System Thornton Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology P.O. Box 800712 Charlottesville VA 22908 USA Journal Canc...

Family history of cancer and malignant germ cell tumors in children: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group

Cancer Causes and Control — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 03:25:58 +0100

Abstract Family history of testicular cancer is an established risk factor for adult testicular germ cell tumors (GCT). We evaluated the association between family history of cancer and pediatric GCT in a Children’s Oncology Group case–control study that included 274 GCT cases (195 female and 79 male) diagnosed <age 15 years and 418 controls frequency matched to cases on sex and age. Family history data were collected through telephone interviews with biological mothers and fathers and unconditional logistic regression was used to evaluate associations with GCT adjusting for potential confounders. A family history of cancer with onset <age 40 years was associated with a reduced risk of GCT among female cases (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.50, 95% Confide...

Forgotten node: A case report.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fratellone PM, Holowecki MA Sister Mary Joseph nodule or node refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus and is usually a result of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen. Traditionally it has been considered a sign of ominous prognosis. Gastrointestinal malignancies, most commonly gastric, colon and pancreatic cancer account for about 52% of the underlying sources. Gynecological cancers, most commonly ovarian and uterine cancers account for about 28% of the sources. PMID: 19842232 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

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Estrogen regulation of STYK1 expression in estrogen receptor-alpha negative ovarian cancer cell lines

Journal of Ovarian Research — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We conclude that STYK1 is expressed in ovarian cancer and is regulated by estrogen through a GPR30 hormone-signaling pathway, to the exclusion of estrogen receptor-alpha. (Source: Journal of Ovarian Research)

Venous thromboembolism in recurrent ovarian cancer-patients: A systematic evaluation of the North-Eastern German Society of Gynaecologic Oncology Ovarian Cancer Study Group (NOGGO)

Thrombosis Research — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 13:24:05 +0100

Conclusion: ROC-patients appear to have the highest risk for developing VTE when ascites exists and during the first 2 months following chemotherapy initiation. In contrast to primary ovarian cancer, VTE could not be identified to affect overall survival in relapsed malignant ovarian disease. (Source: Thrombosis Research)

Unusual Metals Could Forge New Cancer Drug

ScienceDaily Headlines — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 03:00:00 +0100

Drugs made using unusual metals could form an effective treatment against colon and ovarian cancer, including cancerous cells that have developed immunity to other drugs, according to new research. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Free to Breathe - Walk Anywhere for Lung Cancer

About.com Lung Cancer — Tue, 20 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

I'm not always in the right place at the right time. Though I love doing anything to raise awareness and support those touched by lung cancer - I can't always get there. (And I think I wore out my excuse at home that I have to build up my frequent flyer miles...) No problem. I can walk anywhere on November 7th. The Free to Breathe ® National Run/Walk for lung cancer will be held on November 7th 2009. No matter where you live, if shortness of breath limits your activity, or if you just prefer to march (or walk or run) to your own drummer, you can join others around the country to raise awareness about lung cancer. At this time in October, I think most of us are aware of breast cancer. But lung cancer kills more women each year than breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer, combi...

Disorders of ovarian function in childhood and adolescence: evolving needs of the growing child. An endocrine perspective

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Please cite this paper as: Zacharin M. Disorders of ovarian function in childhood and adolescence: evolving needs of the growing child. An endocrine perspective. BJOG 2009; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02399.x. Over the past 15 years there have been changes in the care of children and adolescents paralleling increased longevity of those with chronic illnesses and increased survival after childhood cancer and organ transplantation. A broad understanding of holistic management and long-term risks is required. Optimisation of pubertal progress and normalisation of bone and hormonal health by the end of puberty will reduce the impact of later adult bone loss in chronic disease conditions. Psychosocial issues related to both precocious and delayed puberty can have profound effects on family fu...

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Circulating Mesothelin Protein and Cellular Antimesothelin Immunity in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer.

Clinical Cancer Research — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Circulating mesothelin is a useful biomarker for pancreatic disease. Furthermore, mesothelin-specific T cells can be induced in patients with pancreatic cancer. This suggests that mesothelin is a potential target for immune-based intervention strategies in pancreatic cancer. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):OF1-8). PMID: 19843662 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

Germline mutations in MEN1 and BRCA1 genes in a woman with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and inherited breast–ovarian cancer syndromes: a case report

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 14:41:11 +0100

Abstract: The simultaneous occurrence of mutations in two different tumor suppressor genes in the same individual is a very rare event. Here we report the case of a woman in whom germline mutations in both MEN1 and BRCA1 were identified. The severity of MEN1-related biochemical and clinical findings did not significantly differ from that for other affected family members lacking the BRCA1 mutation, except for the development of an extremely large visceral lipoma; the proband has not developed any BRCA1-related malignancies. We explore genetic and molecular rationales for an association between these neoplastic processes. (Source: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics)

Metals could form an effective treatment against cancer

Medicineworld.org: New Article Alert — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 12:04:35 +0100

Drugs made using unusual metals could form an effective therapy against colon and ovary cancer, including malignant cells that have developed immunity to other drugs, as per research at the University of Warwick and the University of Leeds. The study, reported in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, showed that a range of compounds containing the two transition metals Ruthenium and Osmium, which are found in the same part of the periodic table as precious metals like platinum and gold, cause significant cell death in ovarian and colon cancer cells........ (Source: Medicineworld.org: New Article Alert)

Metals Could Forge New Cancer Drug

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 11:00:00 +0100

Ovarian Cancer Patients Have Lower Death Risk When Treated By Experts

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Women with ovarian cancer are less likely to die from their disease if they are treated by specialist gynaecological oncologists than if they are cared for by general gynaecologists, according to the results of a study carried out in Scotland, UK, and reported at this week's 16th International Meeting of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) in Belgrade, Serbia. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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CALYPSO Trial Shows New Chemotherapy Combination Prolongs Progression Free Survival In Ovarian Cancer

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Treating women with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer with combined carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin prolongs progression free survival and is associated with a lower risk of severe, long lasting nerve damage than standard carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Metals could forge new cancer drug

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 04:00:00 +0100

(University of Warwick) Drugs made using unusual metals could form an effective treatment against colon and ovarian cancer, including cancerous cells that have developed immunity to other drugs, according to research at the University of Warwick and the University of Leeds in the UK. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Potential predictive markers of chemotherapy resistance in stage III ovarian serous carcinomas

BioMed Central — Sat, 17 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In conclusion, we detected specific genetic alterations associated with resistance, of which some might be potential predictive markers of chemotherapy resistance in advanced ovarian serous carcinomas. Thus, further studies are required to validate these findings in an independent ovarian tumor series. (Source: BioMed Central)

Studies From University Of Pittsburgh, Nursing Department In The Area Of Ovarian Cancer Published

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Sat, 17 Oct 2009 05:00:00 +0100

This article reviews prior studies of computer-based patient education interventions to identify key intervention components and other factors associa... (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

Studies From University Of Pittsburgh, Nursing Department In The Area Of Ovarian Cancer Published

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Sat, 17 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

According to recent research from the United States, A majority of women with ovarian cancer will face recurrent disease despite receiving aggressive chemotherapy at the time of diagnosis. Given the complex medical and psychosocial needs of women with ovarian cancer and the time constraints within busy clinical settings, providing women with the necessary education related to their disease and treatments can be challenging. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

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Overexpression of Aurora B is associated with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer patients

Virchows Archiv — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 18:01:50 +0100

Abstract Recent studies have indicated that Aurora B expression is related to cell proliferation and prognosis in many cancers, but its association with epithelial ovarian carcinoma is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the Aurora B kinase expression in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of Aurora B and phosphohistone H3 (Ser10) (mitosis-specific marker) were measured in 156 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression levels of Aurora B at the protein and messenger RNA levels were examined using Western blotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In total, 53 tumorous ovarian samples (34.0%) showed Aurora B overexpression, which was significantly higher than that found in the 15 norm...

Combined anti-angiogenic therapy against VEGF and integrin alpha(V)beta(3) in an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer.

Cancer Biology and Therapy — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 13:44:08 +0100

Conclusions: Bevacizumab and etaracizumab are more effective in combination than individually in some ovarian cancer models, but not all. Both can sensitize taxane-resistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel, though bevacizumab was superior to etaracizumab in this regard. Further study of this dual anti-angiogenic therapy is warranted. PMID: 19829059 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cancer Biology and Therapy)

Review of family history taking in women aged under fifty years presenting with colorectal cancer

European Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 12:46:53 +0100

Introduction: Colorectal Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the UK, with an average age of diagnosis of 64 years. HNPCC is a genetic condition caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair gene, manifesting as an 80% lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer with an average age of diagnosis of 44 years. HNPCC also signifies an increased risk of other cancers including endometrial, ovarian, small bowel, ureter and stomach. It is therefore relevant for a comprehensive family history to be elicited in women (Source: European Journal of Surgical Oncology)

The impact of ‘uninformative’ BRCA1/2 genetic test results on health professionals, caring for affected and unaffected women with a significant breast cancer family history

European Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 12:46:51 +0100

Objectives: Women from families with a high risk of breast or ovarian cancer in which genetic testing for mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes is inconclusive are a vulnerable and understudied group. Furthermore, there are no studies of the professional specialists who treat them - geneticists, genetic counsellors/nurses, oncologists, gynaecologists and breast surgeons. (Source: European Journal of Surgical Oncology)

Cytoreductive surgery and modified heated intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer – 12-year single center experience

European Journal of Surgical Oncology — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 12:46:44 +0100

Abstract: Background: The present study reviews our 12-year results with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in patients with advanced primary and recurrent ovarian cancer.Methods: During the period from January 1995 to December 2007, 56 patients (31 with primary and 25 with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer) underwent cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC (Doxorubicin intra-operatively, and cisplatin next 1–5 postoperative days) at our department.Results: 52 (92.8%) patients had no gross residual disease after the complete surgical procedure (Sugarbaker completeness of cytoreduction CC, score 0–1), and 4 patients had macroscopic residual disease (CC-2 or CC-3) Average PCI (peritoneal cancer index) was 13.4 (4–28). Mean follow-up was 56 months (range, 1–135). The median operation time was ...

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[Editorial] The trouble with ovarian cancer

LANCET — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Ovarian cancer remains one of the most difficult cancers to diagnose early and therefore increase the chances of disease-free survival. As Bryan Hennessy and colleagues point out in a Seminar in The Lancet today, 75% of patients present with advanced disease (stage III or IV) and almost all have tumour recurrence despite treatment. In patients with advanced disease, the challenge is to achieve extended survival by carefully balancing aggressive treatment with a tolerable toxicity and side-effect profile. In a research paper, Noriyuki Katsumata and colleagues show an extension of progression-free survival by a median of 10·8 months in women with a dose-dense weekly regimen of chemotherapy. Extending life, even by a few months, is important. (Source: LANCET)

[Comment] Dose-dense chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer

LANCET — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In The Lancet today, investigators from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) report results from their phase 3 trial, showing benefit from a dose-dense (once weekly) schedule of paclitaxel compared with standard dosing of once every 3 weeks in women with newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian, fallopian, or primary peritoneal carcinoma. (Source: LANCET)

[Articles] Dose-dense paclitaxel once a week in combination with carboplatin every 3 weeks for advanced ovarian cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial

LANCET — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Paclitaxel and carboplatin given every 3 weeks is standard treatment for advanced ovarian carcinoma. Attempts to improve patient survival by including other drugs have yielded disappointing results. We compared a conventional regimen of paclitaxel and carboplatin with a dose-dense weekly regimen in women with advanced ovarian cancer. (Source: LANCET)

[Seminar] Ovarian cancer

LANCET — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The standard initial management of epithelial ovarian cancer consists of surgical staging, operative tumour debulking including total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and administration of six cycles of intravenous chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Extensive and largely retrospective experience has shown that optimum surgical debulking to leave residual tumour deposits that are less than 1 cm in size is associated with improved patient outcomes. However, 75% of patients present with advanced (stage III or IV) disease and, although more than 80% of these women benefit from first-line therapy, tumour recurrence occurs in almost all these patients at a median of 15 months from diagnosis. Second-line treatments can improve survival and quality of life but...

The Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS): a model for the initiation of p53 signatures in the distal Fallopian tube

The Journal of Pathology — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We examined tubes from women with pre-existing (germ-line) mutations in p53 [Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)] for evidence of this precursor. Fallopian tubes from two cases of LFS were immunostained for p53, Ki-67 (proliferation) and H2AX (DNA damage response) and analysed for p53 mutations by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and p53 genomic sequencing (exons 2-11). A common single nucleotide repeat (snp) in exon 3 (rs1042522) and deletion sequencing chromatograms in exon 4 were examined in combination to estimate LOH in both LFS tubes and advanced serous carcinomas from the general population. LFS tubal epithelium contained abundant (10-20 per section) p53 signatures with evidence of DNA damage and low proliferative activity. Six of 11 LFS microdissected p53 signatures (55%) and 15 of 21 se...

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Characterization of the cell growth inhibitory effects of a novel DNA-intercalating bipyridyl-thiourea-Pt(II) complex in cisplatin-sensitive and—resistant human ovarian cancer cells

Investigational New Drugs — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 18:12:57 +0100

Summary The cellular effects of a novel DNA-intercalating agent, the bipyridyl complex of platinum(II) with diphenyl thiourea, [Pt(bipy)(Ph2-tu)2]Cl2, has been analyzed in the cisplatin (cDDP)—sensitive human ovarian carcinoma cell line, 2008, and its—resistant variant, C13* cells, in which the highest accumulation and cytotoxicity was found among six related bipyridyl thiourea complexes. We also show here that this complex causes reactive oxygen species to form and inhibits topoisomerase II activity to a greater extent in the sensitive than in the resistant line. The impairment of this enzyme led to DNA damage, as shown by the comet assay. As a consequence, cell cycle distribution has also been greatly perturbed in both lines. Morphological analysis revealed deep cellu...

Production and characterization of monoclonal anti-sphingosine-1-phosphate antibodies [Research Articles]

The Journal of Lipid Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:46:21 +0100

This report describes the successful production and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody, LT1002, directed against S1P, using novel immunization and screening methods applied to bioactive lipids. We also report the successful generation of LT1009, the humanized variant of LT1002, for potential clinical use. Both LT1002 and LT1009 have high affinity and specificity for S1P and do not cross-react with structurally related lipids. Using an in vitro bioassay, LT1002 and LT1009 were effective in blocking S1P-mediated release of the pro-angiogenic and prometastatic cytokine, interleukin-8, from human ovarian carcinoma cells, showing that both antibodies can out-compete S1P receptors in binding to S1P. In vivo anti-angiogenic activity of all antibody variants was demonstrated using th...

New Anti-Cancer Drug Undergoing Testing

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 12:42:39 +0100

SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. -- A U.S. Phase 1 clinical trial is under way to determine if a new anti-cancer drug is safe and effective for use in patients with solid cancer tumors. The drug, currently called EP-100, is designed to treat common breast, prostate, endometrial, pancreatic, ovarian, skin and testicular cancers. It is being tested by TGen Clinical Research Services at Scottsdale (Ariz.) Healthcare's Piper Cancer Center. Dr. Ramesh Ramanathan, principal investigator for the trial, said the new drug is a membrane-disrupting peptide designed to "seek and destroy" cancer cells by targeting those with excessive luteinizing hormone releasing hormone receptors that are found in a wide range of cancers, EP-100 is produced... (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

Common Genetic Mutation In Breast Cancer May Point To New Treatments For Heart Disease

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 10:00:00 +0100

A genetic mutation implicated in breast and ovarian cancers could also have a role in causing heart failure, according to a new study reported at the 95th annual Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Immunoselection of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cells with Trastuzumab and Natural Killer Cells: Selective Escape of CD44high/CD24low/HER2low Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Research — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 04:07:38 +0100

Although trastuzumab (Herceptin) has substantially improved the overall survival of patients with mammary carcinomas, even initially well-responding tumors often become resistant. Because natural killer (NK) cell–mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is thought to contribute to the therapeutic effects of trastuzumab, we have established a cell culture system to select for ADCC-resistant SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer and MCF7 mammary carcinoma cells. Ovarian cancer cells down-regulated HER2 expression, resulting in a more resistant phenotype. MCF7 breast cancer cells, however, failed to develop resistance in vitro. Instead, treatment with trastuzumab and polyclonal NK cells resulted in the preferential survival of individual sphere-forming cells that displayed a CD44h...

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Reports From Catholic University, Division Of Gynecologic Oncology Describe Recent Advances In Ovarian Cancer Prevention

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A new study, 'Role of CT scan-based and clinical evaluation in the preoperative prediction of optimal cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer: a prospective trial,' is now available. In advanced ovarian cancer, maximal efforts have to be attemptedto achieve optimal cytoreduction, as this represents the keystone in the therapeutic management. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

Join The Pack, Consider BRAC Testing

Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In honor of National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a group of women known as the BRAC (Be Ready Against Cancer) Pack has stepped up its efforts to encourage genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer. The women are advocates for BRACAnalysis, a lab test that looks for mutations on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. (Source: Cancercompass News: Gynecological Cancer)

FAU regulates carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer

Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The development of chemotherapy resistance by cancer cells is complex, using different mechanisms and pathways. The gene FAU (Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV)-associated ubiquitously expressed gene) was identified through functional expression cloning and previous data have shown that overexpression enhances apoptosis in several cell types. We demonstrate that the expression of FAU was reduced in the A2780cis (cisplatin resistant subclone of A2780) cell line compared with the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, and was directly related to the cell line's sensitivity to carboplatin. Downregulation of FAU in the A2780 cell line by transfection with two predesigned short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to FAU resulted in a significant increase in resistance to carboplatin-induced ce...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in vertebrate reproduction.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ye X, Chun J Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a cell membrane phospholipid metabolite that can act as an extracellular signal. Its effects are mediated through at least five G protein-coupled receptors, LPA(1-5), and probably others as well. Studies in multiple species including LPAR-deficient mice and humans have identified or implicated important roles for receptor-mediated LPA signaling in multiple aspects of vertebrate reproduction. These include ovarian function, spermatogenesis, fertilization, early embryo development, embryo implantation, embryo spacing, decidualization, pregnancy maintenance and parturition. LPA signaling can also have pathological consequences, influencing aspects of endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Here we review recent progress in LPA signaling resea...

IDO and outcomes in ovarian cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 18:36:19 +0100

Authors: Nelson BH PMID: 19822256 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

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First Test for Ovarian Cancer Approved.

Biomedical Safety & Standards — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 13:26:40 +0100

Page: 152DOI: 10.1097/01.BMSAS.0000363144.01876.d (Source: Biomedical Safety & Standards)

European Patent Office To Issue Patent To Phyton Biotech Covering Methods Of Making Taxanes - Compounds Useful In Cancer Treatment

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 14 Oct 2009 03:00:00 +0100

Phyton Biotech GmbH, a world leader in plant cell culture technology, reports that the European Patent Office has announced its intention to grant a European patent to Phyton covering methods of producing taxanes such as paclitaxel. Paclitaxel, the active ingredient in Bristol-Myers Squibb's TAXOL®, is useful in the treatment of breast, ovarian, lung, and other forms of cancer. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Retraction: Blockage of transdifferentiation from fibroblast to myofibroblast in experimental ovarian cancer models

Molecular Cancer — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This article, Molecular Cancer 2009, 8:78 was submitted to Molecular Cancer following the acceptance of an article, Oncology Reports 2009, 22: 541-548, published in September 2009. The two articles were produced from the same data and as a result of miscommunication between authors contained extensive overlap. As such the authors would like to retract the Molecular Cancer article. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused to the editorial staff and readers. (Source: Molecular Cancer)

Novel imaging modalities in gynecologic cancer

Current Oncology Reports — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 21:00:43 +0100

This article reviews novel imaging modalities in gynecologic cancer, with a special focus on FDG-PET/CT. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11912-009-0063-xAuthors Rebecca A. BrooksMatthew A. Powell, Washington University School of Medicine Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Box 8064 Saint Louis MO 63110 USA Journal Current Oncology ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6269Print ISSN 1523-3790 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Oncology Reports)

Contemporary considerations for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary ovarian cancer

Current Oncology Reports — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 21:00:42 +0100

This article reviews contemporary considerations in the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of primary ovarian cancer. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11912-009-0062-yAuthors Peter E. Schwartz, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics 33 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06520 USA Journal Current Oncology ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6269Print ISSN 1523-3790 Journal Volume Volume 11 Journal Issue Volume 11, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Oncology Reports)

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FDA Clears OVA1 Test to Determine Ovarian Cancer Risk in Women With Pelvic Mass

Cancer Network — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently cleared the OVA1 Test, the first blood test that, prior to surgery, can help physicians determine if a woman is at risk for a malignant pelvic mass. OVA1 is the first FDA-cleared laboratory test that can indicate the likelihood of ovarian cancer with high sensitivity prior to biopsy or exploratory surgery, even if radiologic test results fail to indicate malignancy. (Source: Cancer Network)

Vitamin D is nutritional key for prevention of breast cancer

NaturalNews.com — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

This study suggests women sunbathe with breast tissue exposed to the sun to enhance local vitamin D production. The provision of 400 IU of vitamin D per day has been found to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer by 43%. - You Don't Have to be Afraid of Cancer Anymore by Bill SardiTaken together, these facts suggest that vitamin D and its derivatives may play a role in regulating the expression of genes and protein products that prevent and inhibit breast cancer. The cancer-stopping power of vitamin D has been documented in osteosarcoma (bone cancer), melanoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer. These cancer cells contain vitamin-D receptors that make them susceptible to the anticancer effects of this vitamin-hormone made by the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D-rich foods includ...

BRCA1/2 genetic background-based therapeutic tailoring of human ovarian cancer : hope or reality?

Journal of Ovarian Research — Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Ovarian epithelial tumors are an hallmark of hereditary cancer syndromes which are related to the germ-line inheritance of cancer predisposing mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Although these genes have been associated with multiple different physiologic functions, they share an important role in DNA repair mechanisms and therefore in the whole genomic integrity control. These findings have risen a variety of issues in terms of treatment and prevention of breast and ovarian tumors arising in this context. BRCA1/2 functional loss has been related to enhanced sensitivity to platinum-based anticancer drugs. Retrospective studies demonstrated different chemosensitivity profiles of BRCA1/2-related ovarian cancer as compared to "sporadic" counterparts and led to the identification of a "BR...

A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Danusertib (PHA-739358) Administered as a 24-Hour Infusion with and without Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in a 14-Day Cycle in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Clinical Cancer Research — Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Danusertib was well tolerated with target inhibition in skin at >/=500 mg/m(2). Preliminary evidence of antitumor activity, including a partial response and several occurrences of prolonged stable disease, was seen across a variety of advanced refractory cancers. Phase II studies are ongoing. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(21):OF1-8). PMID: 19825950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

TLR4 signaling induced by lipopolysaccharide or paclitaxel regulates tumor survival and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer

Oncogene — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: M Szajnik, M J Szczepanski, M Czystowska, E Elishaev, M Mandapathil, E Nowak-Markwitz, M Spaczynski & T L Whiteside (Source: Oncogene)

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Betulin Elicits Anti-Cancer Effects in Tumour Primary Cultures and Cell Lines In Vitro

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we demonstrated a remarkable anti-proliferative effect of betulin in all tested tumour cell cultures. Neuroblastoma (SK-N-AS) and colon carcinoma (HT-29) were the most sensitive to the anti-proliferative effect of betulin. Furthermore, betulin altered tumour cells morphology, decreased their motility and induced apoptotic cell death. These findings demonstrate the anti-cancer potential of betulin and suggest that they may be applied as an adjunctive measure in cancer treatment. (Source: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology)

Breast Cancer Patients With High Risk Gene Diagnosed Six Years Earlier Than Generation Before

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 10 Oct 2009 08:00:00 +0100

Women with a deleterious gene mutation are diagnosed with breast cancer six years earlier than relatives of the previous generation who also had the disease and/or ovarian cancer, according to new research from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Survival benefit from ovarian metastatectomy in colorectal cancer patients with ovarian metastasis: a retrospective analysis

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Sat, 10 Oct 2009 07:02:16 +0100

Conclusions Based on this retrospective analysis, the ovarian metastatectomy significantly prolonged survival in CRC patients with ovarian metastases. The potential role of an ovarian metastatectomy in the management of CRC should be prospectively studied. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00280-009-1150-2Authors Su Jin Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine 50 Ilwon-dong Kangnam-gu Seoul 135-710 KoreaJeeyun Lee, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine 50 Ilwon-dong Kangnam-gu Seoul 135-710 KoreaHo Yeong Lim, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Me...

DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin as indicator for in vitro sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells

BMC Cancer — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The measurement of DNA damage induced by cis- and carboplatin is an accurate method to determine the in vitro chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells towards these cytostatics, because of its quickness, sensitivity and low cell number needed. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Characterization of the expression of HTm4 (MS4A3), a cell cycle regulator, in human peripheral blood cells and normal and malignant tissues.

J Cell Mol Med — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kutok JL, Yang X, Folkerth R, Adra CN Abstract HTm4 (MS4A3) is a member of a family of four-transmembrane proteins designated MS4A. MS4A proteins fulfill diverse functions, acting as cell surface signaling molecules and intracellular adapter proteins. Early reports demonstrated that HTm4 is largely restricted to the hematopoietic lineage, and is involved in cell cycle control, via a regulatory interaction with the KAP phosphatase, Cyclin A and CDK2. Here we describe the expression pattern of HTm4 in peripheral blood cells using gene expression microarray technology, and in normal fetal and adult human tissues, as well as adult human cancers, using tissue microarray technology. Using oligonucleotide microarrays to evaluate HTm4 mRNA, all peripheral blood cell types demonstrated...

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Should the extreme drug resistance assay fade into oblivion? Commentary on Karam, A.K., Chiang, J.W., Fung, E., Nossov, V. and Karlan, B.Y. Extreme drug resistance assay results do not influence survival in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;114:246-252.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Einenkel J, Wuttke P, Horn K PMID: 19822359 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Tumor type and substage predict survival in stage I and II ovarian carcinoma: Insights and implications.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: A subset of ovarian carcinoma patients with an excellent outcome can be identified based on tumor type (endometrioid or mucinous) and stage (Ia or Ib). Type is more reproducibly assigned than grade and identifies a larger cohort of women with stage I/II ovarian carcinoma with favorable outcomes (12.2% vs. 6.5%), and therefore is superior to grade in estimating risk of death from ovarian carcinoma. PMID: 19822358 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Serum low-density lipoprotein levels correlate with survival in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancers.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest LDL is a significant predictor of clinical outcome, and warrant the further study of lipoproteins and statins on epithelial ovarian cancer biology. PMID: 19822357 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Extreme drug resistance assay does not influence survival in women with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Gynecologic Oncology — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Karam AK, Karlan BY PMID: 19822354 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Gynecologic Oncology)

Vermillion gets cash from warrant deals

bizjournals.com Health Care:Health Insurance headlines — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 22:33:50 +0100

Vermillion Inc., a Fremont medical diagnostics company that last month won FDA clearance for its ovarian cancer test, received more than a half-million dollars from holders of warrants that the company issued three and four years ago. (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Health Insurance headlines)

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Vermillion gets cash from warrant deals

bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 22:33:50 +0100

Treatment of Ovarian Cancer With Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Cancer Network — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100

Ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecologic malignancy. In the US alone, an estimated 21,500 new cases will be diagnosed in 2009, and an estimated 14,600 women will die from this disease. (Source: Cancer Network)

Challenges of IP Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer

Cancer Network — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100

Ms. Hydzik's article on intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) for the treatment of ovarian cancer provides the rationale for IPC, presents the supporting evidence, and describes nursing management of these patients through the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. (Source: Cancer Network)

Vitamin D prevents breast cancer

NaturalNews.com — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 07:00:00 +0100

Breast cancer patients with high risk gene diagnosed 6 years earlier than generation before

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 04:00:00 +0100

(University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center) Women with a deleterious gene mutation are diagnosed with breast cancer six years earlier than relatives of the previous generation who also had the disease and/or ovarian cancer, according to new research from the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Role of CA125 in predicting ovarian cancer survival - a review of the epidemiological literature

Journal of Ovarian Research — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CA125 is the gold standard tumor marker in ovarian cancer. Serum level of CA125 is used to monitor response to chemotherapy, relapse, and disease progression in ovarian cancer patients. Thus, it is reasonable to investigate whether CA125 may have utility as a prognostic indicator as well in ovarian cancer. A large number of epidemiological studies have been carried out to this effect. This review summarizes all available epidemiological literature on the association between CA125 levels and survival in ovarian cancer. To place these studies in context, we provide some background information on CA125 and its role in ovarian cancer. (Source: Journal of Ovarian Research)

HERA Requests Applications for Ovarian Cancer Study

ScanGrants feed — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The HERA Women’s Cancer Foundation, a nationally recognized ovarian cancer nonprofit organization, has announced funding for a study focused on type I ovarian cancer; low-grade serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, malignant Brenner tumor and/or clear cell carcinoma. The research will concentrate on the cause, early detection, treatment, and/or understanding of this disease.Scientists and clinicians of non-profit research, medical service and educational institutions located in the U.S are eligible and encouraged to apply. The one-year award for $100,000 will support direct costs of the project, up to 50 percent of salary support, reagents and supplies and other justifiable expenses. Indirect costs are not covered by this award.Letters of intent are due November 1, 2009. Questions a...

[Ovarian low malignant potential tumor: How to preserve fertility?]

Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Koskas M, Madelenat P, Yazbeck C Ovarian low malignant potential tumor account for 10 to 20 percent of ovarian epithelial tumors. They differ from typical ovarian cancers in that they do not grow into the ovarian stroma. Likewise, if they spread outside the ovary, for example, into the abdominal cavity, they do not usually grow into the lining of the abdomen. These cancers tend to affect women at a younger age than the typical ovarian cancers and are less life-threatening than most ovarian cancers. Guidelines for surgical treatment of borderline ovarian tumors are similar to those for ovarian cancer and include hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. However, patients with borderline ovarian tumors tend to be younger than women with invasive ovarian cancer. For many...

TRACO: Ovarian Cancer and HIV

Videocast - All Events — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 19:01:00 +0100

Presented by: C. Annunziata and F. MaldarelliCategory: TRACOAired date: 10/05/2009 (Source: Videocast - All Events)