MedWorm: Addiction

Short-term outcomes of a motivation-enhancing approach to DUI intervention.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention. — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 21:18:57 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that a motivation-enhancing approach can be effective in producing short-term change in factors that can help facilitate and sustain behavioral change. This is consistent with previous research on the use of motivational approaches, and extends such findings to suggest promise in group-based settings and with people across demographic categories and dependence levels. Future research should focus on larger studies looking at long-term behavioral change, including recidivism. PMID: 22269571 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Accident; Analysis and Prevention.)

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Effects of Brugmansia arborea Extract and Its Secondary Metabolites on Morphine Tolerance and Dependence in Mice

Journal of Oncology — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 13:24:10 +0100

The aim of the present study was to investigate, in vivo, the effect of a Brugmansia arborea extract (BRU), chromatographic fractions (FA and FNA), and isolated alkaloids on the expression and the acquisition of morphine tolerance and dependence. Substances were acutely (for expression) or repeatedly (for acquisition) administered in mice treated with morphine twice daily for 5 or 6 days, in order to make them tolerant or dependent. Morphine tolerance was assessed using the tail-flick test at 1st and 5th days. Morphine dependence was evaluated through the manifestation of withdrawal symptoms induced by naloxone injection at 6th day. Results showed that BRU significantly reduced the expression of morphine tolerance, while it was ineffective to modulate its acquisition. Chromatographic fract...

Heroin vaccine addiction 'is just five years away'

the Mail online | Health — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:00:24 +0100

Heroin addicts, as portrayed by Ewan MacGreggor in Trainspotting, could benefit from a vaccine created by the National Institute of Psychiatry in Mexico against the drug. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

Nora Volkow Explains (Not Really) Why People Don't Become Addicted

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 14:14:54 +0100

The latest study purporting to identify the inbred biological factors in addiction calls to mind age-old questions about the nature of science. We in America prefer neat-sounding—but useless—laboratory findings over identifying the factors that actually account for behavior.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Real Love, Not Just Real Attraction

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 11:17:15 +0100

So many people confuse the feeling of attraction with the emotion of love. For some who are in chronically dangerous and pathological relationships, it's obvious that you have these two elements "mixed up." Not being able to untangle these understandably, can keep people on the same path of unsafe relationship selection, because they keep choosing the same way and getting the same people!read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Are Rich People Heavy Drinkers?

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:40:31 +0100

Much has been made of a 2010 Gallup survey finding that the proportion of people saying they drink alcohol increases steadily with income. Alcohol consumption went from 46 percent for people earning less than $20,000 to 81 percent for people earning over $75,000. Hence the oft-repeated claim that affluent people drink more.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

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Dangers of Common Painkiller Medication

Disabled World — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 19:28:28 +0100

Prescription and over the counter painkillers are found in relatively every household and they are used for a variety of ailments and injuries. However, despite the widespread popularity of many painkillers, they also come with a variety of dangers. (Source: Disabled World)

DEA raids 2 CVS pharmacies in drug abuse probe

Reuters: Health — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:00:46 +0100

(Reuters) - Agents from the Drug Enforcement Administration raided two CVS pharmacies in Florida as part of an effort to curb the abuse of prescription painkillers and other potentially addictive substances. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Among Moderate Drinkers, The Effect Of Occasional Binge Drinking On Heart Disease And Mortality

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

This study followed 26,786 men and women who participated in the Danish National Cohort Study in 1994, 2000, and 2005 and sought to see if binge drinking increased the risk of IHD or all-cause mortality among "light-to-moderate" drinkers: (up to 21 drinks/week for men and up to 14 drinks/week for women). A "drink" was 12g... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala reduces the effect of punishment on cocaine self‐administration in rats

European Journal of Neuroscience — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeN) plays a critical role in such regulation. To this end, rats were trained to press a lever to self‐administer cocaine under a chained schedule: a response on one lever (cocaine‐seeking lever) led to access to the other lever (cocaine‐taking lever), on which a response was reinforced by cocaine and cues. Thereafter, responses on the seeking lever were punished by footshock with a probability of 0.5. Cocaine self‐administration (SA) was significantly suppressed by punishment in an intensity‐dependent manner. Interestingly, rats trained with daily 6‐h (extended access) but not 2‐h (limited access) sessions showed resistance to the lower intensity of punishment. Inactivation of the CeN in...

Human Laboratory Paradigms in Alcohol Research

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThis review of the literature focuses on human laboratory studies of subjective intoxication, alcohol craving, anxiety, and behavioral economics. Each section discusses opportunities for phenotype refinement under laboratory conditions, as well as its application to translational science of alcoholism. A summary and recommendations for future research are also provided. (Source: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research)

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Pediatricians Address Drug-Addicted Newborn Problem

About.com Alcoholism — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: About.com Alcoholism)

Self-Diagnosing Your Marriage Problems? Beware!

Psychology Today Anxiety Center — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 00:26:35 +0100

Eric Clapton's famed song suggests "Before you accuse me, take a look at yourself." If you are going to try to understand and fix problems that come up in your marriage, sit down and look inward instead of pointing fingers at your spouse's errors.read more (Source: Psychology Today Anxiety Center)

Blissful Love Can Make You Sick or Crazy

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 20:37:37 +0100

Love, when it involves an initial state of bliss, can later make you feel sick or crazy, whether or not the object of your affection has left your life. Bliss is an emotion that people seek. A surge of extreme pleasure and rapture is felt when it is activated, and you seem to transcend your self or merge with another person.read more (Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center)

Authenticity Unplugged

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 15:10:24 +0100

Can you remember a distinct, personal and private moment from your past? One where you felt connected to yourself, your purpose, or your essential nature?read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

The hazards facing a chronic relapser

Health News: CBSNews.com — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 13:34:48 +0100

Author Jane Velez-Mitchell on steps an alcoholic or drug addict must take to avoid relapsing (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

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Brain Injury Rate 7 Times Greater among U.S. Prisoners

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 13:00:00 +0100

A car accident, a rough tackle, an unexpected tumble. The number of ways to bang up the brain are almost as numerous as the people who sustain these injuries. And only recently has it become clear just how damaging a seemingly minor knock can be. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is no longer just a condition acknowledged in military personnel or football players and other professional athletes. Each year some 1.7 million civilians will suffer an injury that disrupts the function of their brains, qualifying it as a TBI. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

Homeless Project Residents Drink Less If Booze Ban Is Lifted

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 02:30:00 +0100

This Sunday, millions of Americans will sit down in front of their television or computer, crack open a few beers, and watch the Super Bowl. But if those viewers live in a housing project for the homeless, that booze could get them booted back out to the street. Many homeless housing projects have strict abstinence policies, and require residents to be completely sober. Permitting alcohol, many community organizers reason, would enable addictions and promote a downward spiral into continued drinking and declining health. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

DIY science: should you try this at home?

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 22:59:00 +0100

When Richard Handl was arrested for attempting to split the atom on his stove, he joined a growing band of home experimenters cooking up all kinds of trouble behind the kitchen doorÄngelholm is a pretty southern Swedish town, famed for its clay cuckoo manufacturing, a clay cuckoo being a kind of ocarina, which is a kind of flute. The crime rate here is practically zero. Except one of its residents was last year arrested for trying to split the atom in his kitchen. His name is Richard Handl and he buzzes me into his first-floor flat.I wanted to meet Richard because I keep seeing reports of home science experimenters clashing with the authorities. There's been a spate of them this past year or two.I glance into Richard's kitchen and recognise his cooker from the news. It was horrendously, a...

Our Thirst for Wholeness

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 20:20:22 +0100

The majority of people's problems are caused by the fact that they are disconnected with the rest of creation. (C.S. Lewis) We came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. We made a decision to turn out will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him. (Steps 2 and 3 of the 12 Steps of AA)read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

State health funds to boost Dayton groups

bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 19:54:21 +0100

The Ohio Department of Health has awarded two grants worth a combined $65,000 to the Alcohol, Drug Addiction & Mental Health Services Board for Montgomery County. One grant, worth $40,000, will go toward programs for mental health consultation, assessments and treatment of children from birth to 5 years old who are at risk of removal from their custodial home, are victims of abuse or neglect or are entering foster care. Those dollars also can be used to help educate biological and foster parents of children in the welfare system... (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines)

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What’s My Zip Code?

Psych Central — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 19:31:54 +0100

When I first saw this book “What’s My Zip Code?” by David Stringer, it was in download format and I wondered what exactly it would be about because it seemed like an odd title to me. After reading the book I feel as though the title is very fitting. I’ve now seen the cover and how telling even that is! The picture of a forlorn young man standing at a rundown “campsite” is exactly as the reader will feel about the main character. David Stringer has a well-written account of how a family member can feel about their mentally ill, substance-abusing sibling and son. In his first-person memoir the reader can’t help but empathize with David and his family but also feel strong emotions for David’s brother John who is riddled with problems. ...

As If You Needed Another Reason to Quit

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 18:16:36 +0100

Nicotine changes the way genes are expressed, which may prime the brain for addiction.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

[Report] Abnormal Brain Structure Implicated in Stimulant Drug Addiction

Science: Current Issue — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:34:11 +0100

A neurological marker of addiction vulnerability occurs in sibling pairs who do not take drugs.Authors: Karen D. Ersche, P. Simon Jones, Guy B. Williams, Abigail J Turton, Trevor W. Robbins, Edward T. Bullmore (Source: Science: Current Issue)

[Podcast] Science Podcast

Science: Current Issue — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:34:11 +0100

The show includes how corals respond to climate change, inherited factors for drug addiction, 2011 Visualization Challenge winners, and more. (Source: Science: Current Issue)

Health Highlights: Feb. 3, 2012

Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 16:04:00 +0100

Komen Breast Cancer Group Restores Planned Parenthood Funding Cooked Eggs Recalled in 34 States Sibling Study Suggests Drug Addiction Is 'Hard Wired' Taco Bell Identified as Source of Salmonella Outbreak Army Bans Exercise Supplements After Soldiers' Deaths Fungicide Levels in Orange Juice Don't Pose Health Risk: FDA (Source: Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge)

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The Science of Concussion and Brain Injury

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 16:00:00 +0100

How medicine, sports and society are trying to heal and protect the brains of millions amidst the growing awareness of the long-lasting effects of traumatic head injury [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

Twitter is harder to resist than cigarettes and alcohol, study finds

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 10:37:01 +0100

People are more likely to give in to urge to tweet or check email than other cravings, say US researchersTweeting or checking emails may be harder to resist than cigarettes and alcohol, according to researchers who tried to measure how well people could resist their desires.They even claim that while sleep and sex may be stronger urges, people are more likely to give in to longings or cravings to use social and other media.A team headed by Wilhelm Hofmann of Chicago University's Booth Business School say their experiment, using BlackBerrys, to gauge the willpower of 205 people aged between 18 and 85 in and around the German city of Würtzburg is the first to monitor such responses "in the wild" outside a laboratory.The results will soon be published in the journal Psychological Science.The...

Addicts' Brains May Be Wired At Birth For Less Self-Control

NPR Health and Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:01:00 +0100

A study of cocaine addicts finds that they have abnormalities in areas of the brain involved in self-control. And these abnormalities appear to predate any drug abuse.» E-Mail This » Add to Del.icio.us (Source: NPR Health and Science)

Making sense of addiction terminology

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(SAGE Publications) A new editorial released this week offers clarity and structure on confusing drug and alcohol addiction terminology for prescribers, users and regulators. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Conference focuses on vaccines for chronic diseases

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston) At a symposium sponsored by the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston and scheduled for Feb. 7-9, an international group of researchers will discuss development of vaccines for addiction, cancer, chronic infectious diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

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Abnormal Brain Structure In Both Siblings - Addiction Only Affects One

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 23:00:00 +0100

A study conducted by Dr. Karen Ersche, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, England, and published in Science, reveals that one sibling who is addicted to drugs, and the other who is not, have similar brain abnormalities. These abnormalities come from an area of the brain that is vital for aiding people in exhibiting self control. This research will help people understand why it is more likely, for people who have a history of drug abuse in their families, to actually develop the addiction, than those without any family history of drug addiction or abuse... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

VIDEO: Brains may be 'wired' for addiction

BBC News | Health | UK Edition — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 20:40:57 +0100

Abnormalities in the brain may make some people more likely to become drug addicts, according to scientists at the University of Cambridge. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

Siblings' brain scans may hold key to addictions

Reuters: Health — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:10:00 +0100

LONDON (Reuters) - Drug addicts and their non-addicted siblings share certain features in the brain, suggesting a susceptibility to addiction is inherited but is also a flaw that can be overcome, scientists said on Thursday. (Source: Reuters: Health)

Siblings' Brain Scans May Hold Key to Addictions

MedlinePlus Health News — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:09:54 +0100

Drug addicts and their non-addicted siblings share certain features in the brain, suggesting a susceptibility to addiction is inherited but is also a flaw that can be overcome, scientists said on Thursday.Source: Reuters Health Related MedlinePlus Pages: Drug Abuse, Family History (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Brains may be wired for addiction

BBC News | Health | UK Edition — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:03:24 +0100

Abnormalities in the brain may make some people more likely to become drug addicts, according to scientists. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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Primed for Addiction?

ScienceNOW — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 19:02:00 +0100

People with brains wired for drug abuse don't necessarily become addicts (Source: ScienceNOW)

Science Podcast, 03 February 2012

Science Magazine Podcast — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:59:59 +0100

The consequences of climate change on coral growth; the complex relationship between brain structure and drug addiction; winners of the 2011 Visualization Challenge; and more. (Source: Science Magazine Podcast)

Video Game Addiction: Does It Occur? If So, Why?

Psychology Today Parenting Center — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 16:19:42 +0100

The concept of "video game addiction" has been rejected by the American Psychiatric Association, by many video game researchers, and by many psychotherapists who work with video gamers. I reject it too. Here's why; and here's how you might help someone you know who spends lots of time at video games and seems unhappy.read more (Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center)

Was Marilyn Monroe a Synesthete?

Psychology Today Sex Center — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 16:00:12 +0100

A blonder shade of synesthesia: Marilyn Monroe's cross-sensory experiences.read more (Source: Psychology Today Sex Center)

Siblings brain scans could hold the key to drug addiction

Medical Research Council Press Releases — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 12:00:00 +0100

Researchers funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) have identified a brain abnormality which is found in drug-dependent individuals as well as their siblings who have had no history of drug addiction. (Source: Medical Research Council Press Releases)

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The yin and yang of non-neuronal ∝7-nicotinic receptors in inflammation and autoimmunity.

Current Drug Targets — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Filippini P, Cesario A, Fini M, Locatelli F, Rutella S Abstract The alkaloid nicotine, a major addictive component of tobacco, exerts anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activities on multiple cell types, such as T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, mononuclear phagocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, in lung, spleen, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract. In addition, nicotine may blunt pro-inflammatory cytokine release, with prominent effects on T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines. The non-neuronal α7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors are a primary target for nicotine through the JAK2 and STAT3/NF-κB pathways, ultimately mediating the inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene transcription. The present paper reviews the growing evidence in favor of detrimental as...

Sugar should be regulated like alcohol, tobacco, commentary says

Health News: CBSNews.com — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 20:11:09 +0100

Commentary says sugar meets same criteria for regulation as alcohol because it's toxic and addictive (Source: Health News: CBSNews.com)

Guys Who Gave Up Porn: On Sex and Romance

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 19:18:27 +0100

"To go from being so numb, where only the most vile and shocking sexual images triggered a response in me, to getting such a positive sensation from a simple smile and meeting of the eyes ... that is what makes this whole process worth it."read more (Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center)

Differential Impact of a Dutch Alcohol Prevention Program Targeting Adolescents and Parents Separately and Simultaneously: Low Self-Control and Lenient Parenting at Baseline Predict Effectiveness

Prevention Science — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:43 +0100

Abstract To test whether baseline levels of the factors accountable for the impact of the Prevention of Alcohol use in Students (PAS) intervention (self-control, perceived rules about alcohol and parental attitudes about alcohol), moderate the effect of the intervention. A cluster randomized trial including 3,490 Dutch early adolescents (M age = 12.66, SD = 0.49) and their parents randomized over four conditions: 1) parent intervention, 2) student intervention, 3) combined intervention and 4) control group. Moderators at baseline were used to examine the differential effects of the interventions on onset of (heavy) weekly drinking at 34-month follow-up. The combined intervention was only effective in preventing weekly drinking among those adolescents who reported to...

Mark Berndt: Profile of Perversion

Psychology Today Sex Center — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 16:28:27 +0100

LA teacher molested, bound, gagged, and blindfolded children. Follow the twisted path from Teacher to Pedophile.read more (Source: Psychology Today Sex Center)

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Addicted to Lies

Psychology Today Personality Center — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 15:01:22 +0100

We're often surprised when people lie easily and persistently, even when it's clear they'll be exposed. Casey Anthony gained as much attention for this behavior as for her status as an alleged child-killer. What's behind it?read more (Source: Psychology Today Personality Center)

The Meaning of Recovery Has Changed, You Just Don't Know It

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 14:00:35 +0100

Do you think recovery equates to abstinence? According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, recovery is "A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential." A bit different from the 12 steps version of recovery, wouldn't you say?read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Facebook and Twitter 'more addictive than tobacco and alcohol'

Telegraph Health — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 13:35:21 +0100

Twitter and Facebook are more addictive than cigarettes and alcohol, researchers claim. (Source: Telegraph Health)

Addicts' Cravings Have Different Roots In Men And Women

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

When it comes to addiction, sex matters. A new brain imaging study by Yale School of Medicine researchers suggests stress robustly activates areas of the brain associated with craving in cocaine-dependent women, while drug cues activate similar brain regions in cocaine-dependent men. The study, expected to be published online Jan. 31 in the American Journal of Psychiatry, suggests men and women with cocaine dependence might benefit more from different treatment options... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Early Intervention May Curb Dangerous College Drinking

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

The first few weeks of college are a critical time in shaping students' drinking habits. Now Penn State researchers have a tailored approach that may help prevent students from becoming heavy drinkers. "Research shows there is a spike in alcohol-related consequences that occur in the first few weeks of the semester, especially with college freshmen," said Michael J. Cleveland, research associate at the Prevention Research Center and the Methodology Center... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Alcohol And Your Heart: Friend Or Foe?

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A meta-analysis done by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) into the relationship between alcohol consumption and heart disease provides new insight into the long-held belief that drinking a glass of red wine a day can help protect against heart disease. "It's complicated," says Dr. Juergen Rehm, director of social and epidemiological research at CAMH. Dr. Rehm's paper, co-authored by Michael Roerecke, was recently published in the journal Addiction... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Recovery Star: validating user recovery [Original papers]

Psychiatric Bulletin — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study provides further evidence for its adoption in recovery-focused mental health services and indicates that items relating to addictive behaviour, responsibilities and work could be further developed in future. (Source: Psychiatric Bulletin)

Differential Effects of Cocaine on Dopamine Neuron Firing in Awake and Anesthetized Rats

Neuropsychopharmacology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Stanislav Koulchitsky, Benjamin De Backer, Etienne Quertemont, Corinne Charlier & Vincent Seutin Keywords: dopamine; addiction & substance abuse; behavioral science; neurophysiology; electrophysiology; telemetry; cocaine (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)

Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations

NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Cochrane Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews Background Tobacco use in Indigenous populations (people who have inhabited a country for thousands of years) is often double that of the non-Indigenous population. A disproportionate burden of substance-related morbidity and mortality exists as a result. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous populations and to summarise these approaches for future cessation programmes and research. Search methods The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register of Trials was searched (April 2011), with additional searches of MEDLINE (May 2011). Online clinical trial databases and publication references were also searched for potential studies. ...

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The Co‐occurring Use and Misuse of Cannabis and Tobacco: A Review

Addiction — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: There is accumulating evidence that some mechanisms linking cannabis and tobacco use are distinct from those contributing to co‐occurring use of drugs in general. There is an urgent need for research to identify the underlying mechanisms and harness their potential etiological implications to tailor treatment options for this serious public health challenge. (Source: Addiction)

Preferences for Evidence–Based Practice Dissemination in Addiction Agencies Serving Women: A Discrete–Choice Conjoint Experiment

Addiction — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Clinicians and administrators are more like to adopt evidence‐based addiction practices if the practice is seen as helpful to clients, and if it is supported by co‐workers and program administration. (Source: Addiction)

Healthcare service utilization in substance abusers receiving contingency management and standard care treatments

Addiction — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Initiating outpatient substance abuse treatment is associated with changes in general healthcare service utilization, independent of the type of treatment offered. (Source: Addiction)

Prevalence And Correlates Of Alcohol Use Disorders In The Singapore Mental Health Survey

Addiction — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The prevalence of alcohol use disorders is relatively low in the Singapore adult population. Comorbidity with mental and physical disorders is significant emphasizing the need to screen persons with alcohol use disorders for these comorbidities. (Source: Addiction)

Assessment of Exposure to Drugs of Abuse During Pregnancy by Hair Analysis in a Mediterranean Island

Addiction — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Illicit drug use is substantially under‐reported among pregnant women living in Ibiza, particularly among Spanish nationals. Voluntary, routine objective biological toxicology screening should be considered as part of routine examinations in antenatal clinics on this Mediterranean Island (Source: Addiction)

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Beer à No‐Go: Learning to stop responding to alcohol cues reduces alcohol intake via reduced affective associations rather than increased response inhibition

Addiction — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Repeatedly stopping prepotent responses toward alcohol‐related stimuli effectively reduces excessive alcohol use via a devaluation of alcohol‐related stimuli rather than via increased inhibitory control over alcohol‐related responses. (Source: Addiction)

Pornography's Influence on Sexual Intimacy

Psychology Today Sex Center — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 04:19:24 +0100

Have you ever wondered how many couples use pornography to enhance their sexual relationship? I haven't seen too many statistics on the topic so in my last blog I included a question in the survey that asked about the frequency with which couples use pornography in their relationship. Survey results with 344 men (33%) and women (66%) indicate that:read more (Source: Psychology Today Sex Center)

"Casual Sex" You Say?

Psychology Today Sex Center — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 00:13:07 +0100

The phrase “casual sex” turns out to be a most treacherously roomy category. It can include good sex, bad sex, safe sex, risky sex, sex alone or with others, sex with friends or strangers, sex with partners older or younger. But few who use the term seem to notice. read more (Source: Psychology Today Sex Center)

Childhood aggression, callous-unemotional traits and oxytocin genes

European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:45:49 +0100

Abstract Given the known behavior effects of oxytocin, and in particular its putative effect on trust, affiliation and anxiety, we hypothesized that oxytocin may be involved in the development and expression of callous-unemotional traits in children with aggressive antisocial behavior. We recruited 162 children between the ages of 6 and 16. The majority of subjects were Caucasian (84.0%) compared to African-Canadian (4.9%) and others (11.1%). The oxytocin and oxytocin receptor gene polymorphisms were genotyped and analyzed for possible association with child aggression in a case–control study design as well as with callous-unemotional traits in a within cases analysis. We did not have significant findings with our tested OXTR markers in the case–control analysis. We fo...

Effects of prenatal immune activation and peri-adolescent stress on amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in the rat

Psychopharmacology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:11:29 +0100

Conclusions Prenatal immune activation enhances drug-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference. These data demonstrate longstanding impact on behaviors with potential influence on risk for drug relapse as a consequence of prenatal immune activation. Further study is needed to determine clinical and epidemiological consequences of similar exposures in human populations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00213-012-2646-8Authors Neil M. Richtand, Psychiatry Service (V116A), Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USARebecca Ahlbrand, Psychiatry Service (V116A), Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USAPaul S. Horn, Psychi...

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Controlling new drugs under marketing regulations

Addiction — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Every EU country should have existing laws for protecting public health that can be applied swiftly yet proportionately to new drugs appearing on the open market with minimum political involvement. It seems the key is the speed, not the weight, of response. Given support for their enforcement mechanisms, these systems might be as effective and more efficient than the old ones. (Source: Addiction)

Evaluation and initial in vitro and ex vivo characterisation of the potential positron emission tomography ligand, BU99008 (2‐(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐indole), for the Imidazoline2 binding site

Synapse — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe density of the Imidazoline2 binding site (I2BS) has been shown to change in psychiatric conditions such as depression and addiction, along with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea. The presence of I2BS on glial cells and the possibility that they may in some way regulate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), has led to increased interest into the role of I2BS and I2BS ligands in conditions characterised by marked gliosis. In addition, it has been suggested that I2BS may be a marker for human glioblastomas. Therefore the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for the I2BS would be of major benefit in our understanding of these conditions. We now report the successful synthesis and initial pharmacological eval...

GluN2B subunit deletion reveals key role in acute and chronic ethanol sensitivity of glutamate synapses in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [Neuroscience]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical region for alcohol/drug-induced negative affect and stress-induced reinstatement. NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), has been postulated to play key roles in alcohol and drug addiction; yet, to date, little is understood regarding the mechanisms underlying LTP of the BNST, or its regulation by ethanol. Acute and chronic exposure to ethanol modulates glutamate transmission via actions on NMDARs. Despite intense investigation, tests of subunit specificity of ethanol actions on NMDARs using pharmacological approaches have produced mixed results. Thus, we use a conditional GluN2B KO mouse line to assess both basal and ethanol-dependent function of this subunit at glutamate synapses in th...

Neural Correlates of Stress-Induced and Cue-Induced Drug Craving: Influences of Sex and Cocaine Dependence.

The American Journal of Psychiatry — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: In cocaine dependence, corticostriatal-limbic hyperactivity appears to be linked to stress cues in women, drug cues in men, and neutral-relaxing conditions in both. These findings suggest that sex should be taken into account in the selection of therapies in the treatment of addiction, particularly those targeting stress reduction. PMID: 22294257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry)

Coping With a Defiant Child

About.com Addictions — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

These days, we're hearing more and more about kids having behavioral problems, including defiance -- sometimes labelled as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). A defiant child or teen may be at higher risk of developing an addiction than other kids, simply because they refuse to play by the rules. ...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Addictions)

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Go Slow With Drug Tx for Addicted Newborns (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Pain Management — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 23:53:24 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Withdrawal syndrome in neonates can be treated with drugs if it's severe, but only with caution, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended. (Source: MedPage Today Pain Management)

Why Adolescents Overuse Technology, and What We Can Do About It

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 20:53:05 +0100

Electronic communications have risen to a place of supreme prominence in the lives of teens.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

A Question to Help Procrastinators, Hedonists, and Reality TV Addicts

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 20:39:11 +0100

Students in my "Science of Willpower" course pick a willpower challenge to focus on for the class. Over the last few years, one choice has become surprisingly common: watching less reality television. People feel addicted to shows that seem fun, but ultimately leave them unsatisfied.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Addicts' cravings have different roots in men and women

ScienceDaily Headlines — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 20:05:01 +0100

A new brain imaging study suggests stress robustly activates areas of the brain associated with craving in cocaine-dependent women, while drug cues activate similar brain regions in cocaine-dependent men. The study suggests men and women with cocaine dependence might benefit more from different treatment options. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation: role of nicotine target and metabolism genes

Human Genetics — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 16:06:58 +0100

Abstract Many smokers attempt to quit smoking but few are successful in the long term. The heritability of nicotine addiction and smoking relapse have been documented, and research is focused on identifying specific genetic influences on the ability to quit smoking and response to specific medications. Research in genetically modified cell lines and mice has identified nicotine acetylcholine receptor subtypes that mediate the pharmacological and behavioral effects of nicotine sensitivity and withdrawal. Human genetic association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding nicotine acetylcholine receptor subunits and nicotine metabolizing enzymes that influence smoking cessation phenotypes. There is initial promising evidence for a role ...

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Former heroin addicts with or without a history of cocaine dependence are more impulsive than controls. - Nielsen DA, Ho A, Bahl A, Varma P, Kellogg S, Borg L, Kreek MJ.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 15:32:08 +0100

BACKGROUND: Personality traits such as impulsivity and sensation seeking may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of illicit drug use. Since studies have reported higher impulsivity and sensation seeking traits in cocaine dependent subjects, we wer... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Drug Addiction May Make Users More Vulnerable to Stress

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 13:00:00 +0100

Mood disorders such as depression are known to increase drug abuse risk. Yet mounting evidence suggests that substance abuse also makes people more vulnerable to depression and the negative effects of stress, according to Eric J. Nestler, chair of neuroscience at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He and his team reported new details about the link between depression and drug abuse in Neuron in August. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

Alcohol and your heart: Friend or foe?

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health) A meta-analysis done by the Center for Addiction and Mental Health into the relationship between alcohol consumption and heart disease provides new insight into the long-held belief that drinking a glass of red wine a day can help protect against heart disease. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Addicts' cravings have different roots in men and women

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Yale University) A new brain imaging study by Yale School of Medicine researchers suggests stress robustly activates areas of the brain associated with craving in cocaine-dependent women, while drug cues activate similar brain regions in cocaine-dependent men. The study, expected to be published online Jan. 31 in the American Journal of Psychiatry, suggests men and women with cocaine dependence might benefit more from different treatment options. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Negative Self-Talk and Addiction Recovery

Psychology Today Parenting Center — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 19:32:04 +0100

Negative self talk finds its way into many people's heads and is very common in early recovery. So what is one to do?read more (Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center)

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Detours

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 15:47:16 +0100

At any point in the lifespan, we can choose to heed the call of the finest aspects of our character. If we have veered off course through avoidance, we can decide to dedicate ourselves to facing the challenges we have evaded. By opening ourselves to the full range of feelings, we can examine what is behind our most difficult emotions.read more (Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center)

Countdown in the Rat Lab

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 12:06:39 +0100

Below is an excerpt from my book, Memoirs of an Addicted Brain, soon to be released in the US. The excerpt deals with ego fatigue, like the last post...(and the next one). But it doesn't get into the neuroscience—not yet. It's just a read-out of the fantasies, the self-talk, the loosening sense of self-control that all start to slip and slide as you approach the pivot point.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Addicted at birth: Report on neonatal drug withdrawal updates best practices for identification, treatment [NEWS AND FEATURES]

AAP News — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: AAP News)

Continuing to wear nicotine patches after smoking lapses promotes recovery of abstinence

Addiction — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 22:03:01 +0100

Conclusions: Continuing treatment to aid smoking cessation with active patches promotes recovery from lapses. Smokers should be encouraged to persist with patch treatment if they lapse to smoking. (Source: Addiction)

After a Diet, Your Body Remains Addicted to Food

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 20:11:37 +0100

A recent news article about dieting was a revelation for me as to why I sometimes feel like I'm addicted to food. The article emphasizes what many of us chronic dieters already know-- after you have lost weight on a diet, your body actively fights you, through both hormones and brain activity, to put that weight back on. Is there a way out? read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

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Breaking Free of Addiction

Psychology Today — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 20:00:00 +0100

10 Surprising truths about addiction. (Source: Psychology Today)

Don’t Believe Everything Your Mind Says

Psychology Today Anxiety Center — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 15:57:35 +0100

The mind is always looking out for our safety, but we don’t have to believe everything that it says.read more (Source: Psychology Today Anxiety Center)

Dexmedetomidine infusion to facilitate opioid detoxification and withdrawal in a patient with chronic opioid abuse

Indian Journal of Palliative Care — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Surjya Prasad Upadhyay, Piyush Narayan Mallick, Waleed Mohamed Elmatite, Manish Jagia, Salah TaqiIndian Journal of Palliative Care 2011 17(3):251-254Many patients are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute intoxication, serious complication of overdose, or withdrawal symptoms of illicit drugs. An acute withdrawal of drugs with addiction potential is associated with a sympathetic overactivity leading to marked psychomimetic disturbances. Acute intoxication or withdrawal of such drugs is often associated with life-threatening complications which require ICU admission and necessitate prolonged sedative analgesic medications, weaning from which is often complicated by withdrawal and other psychomimetic symptoms. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 (α2 ) agonist, has been used ...

Are You an Addict?

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 00:56:08 +0100

Addictive behaviors are appealing because they offer immediate relief from psychological pain and anxiety. However the relief is only temporary, never provideing a lasting solution to our problems. When we "sober up" we find that our emotional pain is still there.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Subculture Affiliation Is Associated with Substance Use of Adolescents

European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Eur Addict Res 2012;18:91–96 (DOI:10.1159/000334614) (Source: European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles)

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Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in the General Population: User Characteristics and Associations with Substance Use

European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Eur Addict Res 2012;18:83–90 (DOI:10.1159/000333037) (Source: European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles)

New Tool Helps Clinicians Evaluate Addiction ProgramsNew Tool Helps Clinicians Evaluate Addiction Programs

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 21:42:24 +0100

NIDA has released a new tool that aims to help clinicians and patients better evaluate addiction treatment programs. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Improving Quality of Care in Substance Abuse Treatment Using Five key Process Improvement Principles

The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 06:51:31 +0100

Abstract Process and quality improvement techniques have been successfully applied in health care arenas, but efforts to institute these strategies in alcohol and drug treatment are underdeveloped. The Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) teaches participating substance abuse treatment agencies to use process improvement strategies to increase client access to, and retention in, treatment. NIATx recommends five principles to promote organizational change: (1) understand and involve the customer, (2) fix key problems, (3) pick a powerful change leader, (4) get ideas from outside the organization, and (5) use rapid cycle testing. Using case studies, supplemented with cross-agency analyses of interview data, this paper profiles participating NIATx treatm...

Pharmacokinetics and central nervous system effects of the novel dopamine D3 receptor antagonist GSK598809 and intravenous alcohol infusion at pseudo-steady state

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, GSK598809 causes elevation of serum prolactin and a small decrease in adaptive tracking performance. After co-administration with alcohol, effects of GSK598809 are mainly additive and the combination is well tolerated in healthy volunteers. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)

Acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in mice: effects of exposure to stress and modulation by mecamylamine

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate some of the rewarding and motivational effects of ethanol, including relapses. Relapses are common in drug addicts during abstinence when exposure to any stressor ensues. However, the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the ethanol- and stress-induced reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference has not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptors antagonist on acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in adult male Swiss mice. The results revealed that mecamylamine (0.1–10 µg/mouse, intracerebroventricularly) dose dependently prevented the development, expression, and reinstatemen...

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The genetic basis of the endocannabinoid system and drug addiction in humans

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) and the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes are located on chromosomes 6 and 1 in the 6q15 and 1p33 cytogenetic bands, respectively. CNR1 encodes a seven-transmembrane domain protein of 472 amino acids, whereas FAAH encodes one transmembrane domain of 579 amino acids. Several mutations found in these genes lead to altered mRNA stability and transcription rate or a reduction of the activity of the encoded protein. Increasing evidence shows that these functional mutations are related to dependence upon cocaine, alcohol, marijuana, heroin, nicotine and other drugs. One of the most compelling associations is with the C385A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), which is found in the FAAH gene. For all of the genetic polymorphisms reviewed here, it is difficul...

Lessons from Thumbsucking, The Earliest Addiction

Psychology Today Parenting Center — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 00:44:43 +0100

What helps kids to cease sucking their fingers or thumbs? These same principles can prove useful for grownups who want to overcome mistaken-things-we-put-in-our-mouths like excessive food, alcohol and drugs, or cigarettes. read more (Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center)

In-school mental health program breaking down barriers

Alberta.ca from- Health and Wellness — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 17:00:00 +0100

School-based addiction and mental health programs operating in communities throughout Alberta are making a positive impact. (Source: Alberta.ca from- Health and Wellness)

Are You Eating Your Sexual Desire?

Psychology Today Food and Diet Center — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 12:56:48 +0100

Eating is accessible and provides an immediate rush of pleasure. Eating compulsively can also put us in a kind of trance state and numb us for what we may be really wanting. This does beg the question: "Why are we substituting food for sex?"read more (Source: Psychology Today Food and Diet Center)

Potential Target Identified For Anti-Craving Medications

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 10:00:00 +0100

Scientists at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) have identified a potential target for the development of anti-craving medications for people with addictions to stimulants such as methamphetamine. The discovery centres on a brain receptor related to the chemical dopamine, which has a complex role in addictive behaviours... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: A significant health disparity exists, whereby Indigenous populations, a minority, are over-represented in the burden of smoking-related morbidity and mortality. This review highlights the paucity of evidence available to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, despite the known success of these interventions in non-Indigenous populations. Due to this lack of published investigations, the external validity of this review is limited, as is the ability to draw reliable conclusions from the results. The limited but available evidence reported does indicate that smoking cessation interventions specifically targeted at Indigenous populations can produce smoking abstinence. However this evidence base is not strong with a small number of methodologically sound ...

Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Although some pharmacotherapies tested to limit PCWG show evidence of short-term success, other problems with them and the lack of data on long-term efficacy limits their use. Weight management education only, is not effective and may reduce abstinence. Personalised weight management support may be effective and not reduce abstinence, but there are too few data to be sure. One study showed a VLCD increased abstinence but did not prevent WG in the longer term. CBT to accept WG did not limit PCWG and may not promote abstinence in the long term. Exercise interventions significantly reduced weight in the long term, but not the short term. More studies are needed to clarify whether this is an effect of treatment or a chance finding. Bupropion, fluoxetine, NRT and varenicline reduce...

Exercise interventions for smoking cessation.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Only one of the 15 trials offered evidence for exercise aiding smoking cessation at a 12-month follow up. All the other trials were too small to reliably exclude an effect of intervention, or included an exercise intervention which was insufficiently intense to achieve the desired level of exercise. Trials are needed with larger sample sizes, sufficiently intense interventions, equal contact control conditions, and measures of exercise adherence and change in physical activity in both exercise and comparison groups. PMID: 22258948 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Endocannabinoid System Disturbed By GABA Deficits

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Changes in the endocannabinoid system may have important implications for psychiatric and addiction disorders. This brain system is responsible for making substances that have effects on brain function which resemble those of cannabis products, e.g., marijuana. The endocannabinoid system is of particular interest in the field of schizophrenia research because exposure to cannabis products during adolescence and young adulthood appears to increase the risk for developing schizophrenia... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Off-Campus College Party Hosts Drink More Than Attendees

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

On any given weekend, at least 10 percent of students at a single college could be hosting a party, and on average, party hosts who live off campus are drinking more and engaging in more alcohol-related problem behaviors than are the students attending their bashes, research suggests. In contrast, hosts of parties held on campus tend to drink less than do the students attending their gatherings, according to the study... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Who Do You Think Is in Control in Addiction? A Pilot Study on Drug-related Locus of Control Beliefs

Addictive Disorders and Their Treatment — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The DR-LOC has shown to effectively translate generalized expectancies of control into a measure of control expectancies for drug-related situations, making it more sensitive for drug-dependent individuals than Rotter's I-E scale. Further research is needed to demonstrate its performance at discriminating between heterogeneous clinical groups such as between treatment-seeking versus non-treatment-seeking drug users. (C) 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Addictive Disorders and Their Treatment)

Disulfiram: The Survivor Medication

Addictive Disorders and Their Treatment — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 06:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: DSF's complete mechanisms of action and its optimal dosage remain subjects of inquiry. The supervised use of DSF is justified for alcohol-dependent individuals struggling with their sobriety. Additional uses appear promising. (C) 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. (Source: Addictive Disorders and Their Treatment)

RCT: Erlotinib vs. standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EURTAC)

NeLM - News — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Lancet Oncology Area: News A distinct molecular subset of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), driven by mutated EGFR has become the subject of intense investigation. Specific activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR have been correlated with striking responses to EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib and gefitinib. EGFR TKIs alone or in combination with chemotherapy do not improve outcomes significantly compared with chemotherapy in clinically or molecularly unselected patients with previously untreated advanced NSCLC. However, in carefully selected populations, first-line therapy with either of these agents improves response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy. Gefitinib monotherapy improved median P...

Weight stigma, addiction, science, and the medication of fatness in mid‐twentieth century America

Sociology of Health and Illness — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractObesity and overweight are today recognised as subject to harmful stigma. Through an analysis of discussions of obesity in major American newspapers, the medical literature, and pharmaceutical advertising in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, I document a significant shift in medical thinking about overweight and obesity based in psychiatry, and explore the relationship of that shift to changes in popular understandings of fatness after the Second World War. I argue that the psychiatrically‐oriented postwar medical thinking about obesity was more stigmatising as compared with the endocrinologically‐oriented thinking of the interwar period, in that the newer biomedical theory linked fatness to the already stigmatised condition of addiction and authorised attribution of moral blame to t...

Does smoking Cannabis affect work commitment?

Addiction — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In Norway the use of Cannabis is associated with a reduction in work commitment among adults. (Source: Addiction)

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Smoking: Focus on Workers Quitting, Not a Hiring Ban [OPINION]

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The idea that businesses should not hire tobacco users may look good on paper, but it doesn’t provide a solution to the larger issue: ending addiction to a deadly substance. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

CAMH discovery identifies potential target for anti-craving medications

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health) Scientists at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health have identified a potential target for the development of anti-craving medications for people with addictions to stimulants such as methamphetamine. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

AT-1001: A High Affinity and Selective α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist Blocks Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats

Neuropsychopharmacology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AT-1001: A High Affinity and Selective α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist Blocks Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, January 25, 2012. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.322 Authors: Lawrence Toll, Nurulain T Zaveri, Willma E Polgar, Faming Jiang, Taline V Khroyan, Wei Zhou, Xinmin (Simon) Xie, Gregory B Stauber, Matthew R Costello & Frances M Leslie Keywords: addiction and substance abuse; neuropharmacology; animal models; acetylcholine; nicotine; self-administration; nicotinic receptor; AT-1001 (Source: Neuropsychopharmacology)

Teenage Tin Men: Addictive Smokeless Tobacco Making Comeback

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

You haven't heard much the last couple of years about smokeless tobacco and high school kids. But that's changing. This past November, Major League Baseball banned players from carrying tobacco packages and tins in their back pockets when fans are in the ballpark. Also, players can't use tobacco during pregame or postgame interviews. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

Preempted Resonance

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 04:00:45 +0100

I heard you once, your trembling cry - Empty resonance; Softly flung mournful tunes; Your windless breath; Longing to be inhaled.read more (Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center)

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A Possible Cure for Sexual Addiction—In an Essay

Psychology Today Sex Center — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 21:00:32 +0100

David Mura’s classic essay is an absolute must read for anyone interested in how male sexuality interacts with pornography and other sexual addictions. The essay goes right to the heart, and makes it possible to “cure” pornography addiction in about 10,000 words that stimulate deep reflection and maturation.read more (Source: Psychology Today Sex Center)

A Possible Cure for Pornography Addiction—In an Essay

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 21:00:32 +0100

Why Leaders Have More Willpower, and More Willpower Failures

Psychology Today Work Center — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 20:46:42 +0100

In my Science of Willpower course, we talk about willpower as a strength that can be trained. I encourage people to think of themselves as willpower athletes. Try doing something harder than you're used to; dig in to your determination and motivation; trust that by training, the difficult will become easier.read more (Source: Psychology Today Work Center)

Does Inability To Express Emotions Affect Treatment In Substance Abuse?

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:00:00 +0100

Alexithymia describes a person's state of deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions, and even though the rate for alexithymia in those with substance use disorders is reported to be almost 67%, there are few studies that have evaluated therapy in alexithymic SUD patients. One therapy that proved fairly successful in high-scoring alexithymic SUD patients was group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and whilst alexithymia was linked to a lower dropout rate amongst participants, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) alcohol composite score proved to be higher at follow-up... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Rather Partial: The Delicate Art of Clinging Right

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 16:54:18 +0100

We speak more accurately than we realize when we say that we're partial to someone or something. Love, addiction, attachment, commitment, co-dependence, community, parisitism, leaning on a crutch, all have in common the basic dynamics. You lose an inclination or ability to do something for yourself thereby becoming a part of a large whole.read more (Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center)

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Heather Locklear: What Is She Running From?

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 12:46:46 +0100

No matter how talented, beautiful, or rich you are, none of those things are sure antidotes for misery. Heather Locklear is a clear example of this. The Melrose Place actress was rushed to the hospital last week, reportedly because she mixed alcohol with prescription drugs, after her sister found her unconscious.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

CYP2A6 genetic variation and dexmedetomidine disposition

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:20:02 +0100

Conclusion Genetic variation in CYP2A6 does not appear to be an important determinant of dexmedetomidine clearance in ICU patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory PharmacogeneticsPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00228-011-1208-zAuthors Utkarsh Kohli, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USAPratik Pandharipande, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USAMordechai Muszkat, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USAGbenga G. Sofowora, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USAEitan A. ...

449 Recovery Announces Ground Breaking Approach to Addiction Treatment

PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:18:59 +0100

New alcohol and drug addiction treatment center rolls out 449 Recovery Plan that defines 7 phases to breaking the cycle of addiction.(PRWeb January 20, 2012)Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/1/prweb9127023.htm (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)

GABA deficits disturb endocannabinoid system

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Elsevier) Changes in the endocannabinoid system may have important implications for psychiatric and addiction disorders. This brain system is responsible for making substances that have effects on brain function which resemble those of cannabis products, e.g., marijuana. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Addiction to nicotine trumps even lung cancer

Health Facts and Fears — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

A new study by the American Cancer Society illustrates the depth of this addiction and the difficulty some smokers face even when a diagnosis of cancer makes it imperative that they quit. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)

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Oncogene addiction.

Current Biology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Settleman J PMID: 22280902 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Current Biology)

Group therapy for drug addiction.

Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Group therapy for drug addiction. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012 Jan 24;132(2):132-133 Authors: PMID: 22278265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening)

Effects of nicotine exposure on locomotor activity and pCREB levels in the ventral striatum of adolescent rats.

Behavioural Brain Research — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We examined the hypothesis that adolescent animals who exhibit higher novel stimulus reactivity, exhibit greater locomotor activity in response to nicotine than adolescents who exhibit lower novel stimulus reactivity, and that this difference is associated with alterations in CREB expression and activity in the ventral striatum (vStr) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Adolescents exhibiting high locomotor activity (HLA) in the novel open field developed tolerance to the locomotor depressant effects of nicotine with fewer exposures and at lower doses than adolescents with low locomotor activity (LLA). Further, HLA adolescents exhibited lower CREB activity in the vStr than LLA adolescents and this difference was attenuated by repeated exposure to high, but not low doses of nicotine. Thus, inheren...

Biological Markers for Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures: A Retrospective Analysis

European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Eur Addict Res 2012;18:97–102 (DOI:10.1159/000335273) (Source: European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles)

Meta-Analysis on the Effects of the Smoke-Free Class Competition on Smoking Prevention in Adolescents

European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Eur Addict Res 2012;18:110–115 (DOI:10.1159/000335085) (Source: European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles)

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The Geneva Smoking Pictures: Development and Preliminary Validation

European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Eur Addict Res 2012;18:103–109 (DOI:10.1159/000335083) (Source: European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles)

The Impact of Diacetylmorphine on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Heroin Craving in Heroin Dependence

European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Eur Addict Res 2012;18:116–123 (DOI:10.1159/000334411) (Source: European Addiction Research : Last 20 articles)

Understanding the Dynamics of Workaholism—Perfectionism

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 20:53:36 +0100

Our topic is the particular role that perfectionism plays in our understanding of one of the interacting dynamics of workaholism—that perfectionism leads to obsession, and in turn, obsession leads to increasing levels of narcissism.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Perfect Love in the Twilight Saga: Real Love or a Fantasy Bond?

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:56:47 +0100

Perfect loves and addictive bonds, like that depicted so intensely in Twilight, are not always based on the qualities and realities that would lead to lasting relationships. Instead, they may be based on a draw toward fantasy, a false sense of being completed, or an innate desire to merge one's identity with another.read more (Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center)

Do Not Suppress Addictive Thoughts!

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:18:00 +0100

Recently, a man suffering with alcoholism told me how he approached his problem: when he had thoughts of drinking, he tried to push them out of his mind. This didn't always work of course, and even when it did he regularly drank later. But he was still pleased that he was "putting up a good fight" against his enemy — his terrible drive to drink.read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

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Are You Addicted to Doomed Relationships?

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 17:06:20 +0100

Given the variety and diversity of people in the world, one is often left to wonder: So why do I keep winding up with the same type of partner? Why, no matter how many new criteria I mentally create, do I seem to be addicted to the same not-so-great relationship?read more (Source: Psychology Today Relationships Center)

Brain Differences May Explain Greater Addiction Risk in TeensBrain Differences May Explain Greater Addiction Risk in Teens

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 16:06:12 +0100

The adolescent brain responds differently than the adult brain when anticipating a reward, a finding that may explain adolescents' increased risk for addiction and other mental illnesses. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

You're Asking For It?

Psychology Today Parenting Center — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 15:07:58 +0100

"You're just asking for it!" Just a figure of speech?read more (Source: Psychology Today Parenting Center)

Intervene This

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 14:17:44 +0100

What if a wildly popular program masquerading as therapeutic pushes a technique that is demonstrably ineffective, and probably counterproductive? Well, that's "Intervention."read more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

Lessons from the Film ‘Limitless’

CounsellingResource.com News and Features — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 13:10:14 +0100

Although film critics have given Limitless tepid praise, I found this movie to be deeply meaningful as a therapist. Understand Limitless and you understand many of the dreams and nightmares that haunt modern life.Tags: addiction, ADHD, drug abuse, intelligence, medications, motivation, society, therapy (Source: CounsellingResource.com News and Features)

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States consider requiring physicians to use drug-monitoring databases

American Medical News - BUSINESS — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 11:45:21 +0100

The information can be used to either start addiction treatment or report illegal activity. (Source: American Medical News - BUSINESS)

It's time to end the failed war on drugs

Telegraph Health — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 06:26:06 +0100

Treating addicts as criminals has done absolutely nothing to address this crisis, writes Sir Richard Branson. (Source: Telegraph Health)

In the name of treatment: ending abuses in compulsory drug detention centers

Addiction — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Addiction)

Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity. The Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP)

Addiction — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to provide an account of the history, current status and vision of the Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP). In the context of increasing alcohol consumption, rising second‐hand effects and industry‐friendly government policy, the Korean College Alcohol Study (KCAS) was established in the Republic of Korea in 1999, and changed its name to the Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP) in 2005. KIAP's mission is to decrease alcohol consumption and its related harms by promoting research, advocating policy, developing intervention programmes and preparing media communications. Since 1999, KIAP has published scientific papers and books in alcohol research and used the internet and other media for dissemination of specialized information to the gene...

Medically-induced opioid addiction reaching alarming levels.

cmaj — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Webster PC PMID: 22271917 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: cmaj)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Lack of Sleep Might Make You Feel Hungrier

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 05:00:08 +0100

Scientists are still trying to understand the full purpose of sleep. But we know one thing it’s probably good for: it may help keep you on that diet. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

Hazelden opens Twin Cities clinic focused on adolescents

bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 22:45:25 +0100

Addiction-treatment center Hazelden said Friday it will open a clinic in Chaska that serves adults and adolescents as young as 12 years old. Center City-based Hazelden said in a news release the clinic will offer outpatient addiction treatment and mental health services at a 5,400-square-foot clinic located at the Hazeltine Gates building at 1107 Hazeltine Blvd. It will open to adults March 1 and adolescents April 1. "Addiction affects people of all ages," Hazelden CEO Mark Mishek said in a statement... (Source: bizjournals.com Health Care:Biotechnology headlines)

When Is Love an Addiction?

Psychology Today — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 20:00:00 +0100

Love does not cure all, not even close. (Source: Psychology Today)

To Drink or Not to Drink: Is That a Moral Question?

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 14:38:49 +0100

We live in a morally ambiguous world and that's inevitableread more (Source: Psychology Today Addiction Center)

MedWorm: Addiction

Short-term outcomes of a motivation-enhancing approach to DUI intervention.

Effects of Brugmansia arborea Extract and Its Secondary Metabolites on Morphine Tolerance and Dependence in Mice

Heroin vaccine addiction 'is just five years away'

Nora Volkow Explains (Not Really) Why People Don't Become Addicted

Real Love, Not Just Real Attraction

Are Rich People Heavy Drinkers?

Dangers of Common Painkiller Medication

DEA raids 2 CVS pharmacies in drug abuse probe

Among Moderate Drinkers, The Effect Of Occasional Binge Drinking On Heart Disease And Mortality

Inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala reduces the effect of punishment on cocaine self‐administration in rats

Human Laboratory Paradigms in Alcohol Research

Pediatricians Address Drug-Addicted Newborn Problem

Self-Diagnosing Your Marriage Problems? Beware!

Blissful Love Can Make You Sick or Crazy

Authenticity Unplugged

The hazards facing a chronic relapser

Brain Injury Rate 7 Times Greater among U.S. Prisoners

Homeless Project Residents Drink Less If Booze Ban Is Lifted

DIY science: should you try this at home?

Our Thirst for Wholeness

State health funds to boost Dayton groups

What’s My Zip Code?

As If You Needed Another Reason to Quit

[Report] Abnormal Brain Structure Implicated in Stimulant Drug Addiction

[Podcast] Science Podcast

Health Highlights: Feb. 3, 2012

The Science of Concussion and Brain Injury

Twitter is harder to resist than cigarettes and alcohol, study finds

Addicts' Brains May Be Wired At Birth For Less Self-Control

Making sense of addiction terminology

Conference focuses on vaccines for chronic diseases

Abnormal Brain Structure In Both Siblings - Addiction Only Affects One

VIDEO: Brains may be 'wired' for addiction

Siblings' brain scans may hold key to addictions

Siblings' Brain Scans May Hold Key to Addictions

Brains may be wired for addiction

Primed for Addiction?

Science Podcast, 03 February 2012

Video Game Addiction: Does It Occur? If So, Why?

Was Marilyn Monroe a Synesthete?

Siblings brain scans could hold the key to drug addiction

The yin and yang of non-neuronal ∝7-nicotinic receptors in inflammation and autoimmunity.

Sugar should be regulated like alcohol, tobacco, commentary says

Guys Who Gave Up Porn: On Sex and Romance

Differential Impact of a Dutch Alcohol Prevention Program Targeting Adolescents and Parents Separately and Simultaneously: Low Self-Control and Lenient Parenting at Baseline Predict Effectiveness

Mark Berndt: Profile of Perversion

Addicted to Lies

The Meaning of Recovery Has Changed, You Just Don't Know It

Facebook and Twitter 'more addictive than tobacco and alcohol'

Addicts' Cravings Have Different Roots In Men And Women

Early Intervention May Curb Dangerous College Drinking

Alcohol And Your Heart: Friend Or Foe?

Recovery Star: validating user recovery [Original papers]

Differential Effects of Cocaine on Dopamine Neuron Firing in Awake and Anesthetized Rats

Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations

The Co‐occurring Use and Misuse of Cannabis and Tobacco: A Review

Preferences for Evidence–Based Practice Dissemination in Addiction Agencies Serving Women: A Discrete–Choice Conjoint Experiment

Healthcare service utilization in substance abusers receiving contingency management and standard care treatments

Prevalence And Correlates Of Alcohol Use Disorders In The Singapore Mental Health Survey

Assessment of Exposure to Drugs of Abuse During Pregnancy by Hair Analysis in a Mediterranean Island

Beer à No‐Go: Learning to stop responding to alcohol cues reduces alcohol intake via reduced affective associations rather than increased response inhibition

Pornography's Influence on Sexual Intimacy

"Casual Sex" You Say?

Childhood aggression, callous-unemotional traits and oxytocin genes

Effects of prenatal immune activation and peri-adolescent stress on amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in the rat

Controlling new drugs under marketing regulations

Evaluation and initial in vitro and ex vivo characterisation of the potential positron emission tomography ligand, BU99008 (2‐(4,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐indole), for the Imidazoline2 binding site

GluN2B subunit deletion reveals key role in acute and chronic ethanol sensitivity of glutamate synapses in bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [Neuroscience]

Neural Correlates of Stress-Induced and Cue-Induced Drug Craving: Influences of Sex and Cocaine Dependence.

Coping With a Defiant Child

Go Slow With Drug Tx for Addicted Newborns (CME/CE)

Why Adolescents Overuse Technology, and What We Can Do About It

A Question to Help Procrastinators, Hedonists, and Reality TV Addicts

Addicts' cravings have different roots in men and women

Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation: role of nicotine target and metabolism genes

Former heroin addicts with or without a history of cocaine dependence are more impulsive than controls. - Nielsen DA, Ho A, Bahl A, Varma P, Kellogg S, Borg L, Kreek MJ.

Drug Addiction May Make Users More Vulnerable to Stress

Alcohol and your heart: Friend or foe?

Addicts' cravings have different roots in men and women

Siblings brain scans could hold the key to drug addiction