MedWorm: Alopecia Totalis

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with alopecia totalis and Sjögren's syndrome

Muscle and Nerve — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Muscle and Nerve)

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with alopecia areata

Indian Journal of Dermatology — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion : Our findings support the evidence that elevation of serum TNF-α is associated with AA. The exact role of serum TNF-α in AA should be additionally investigated in future studies. (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology)

Satoyoshi syndrome.

Indian Pediatrics — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report a 11 year old girl presenting with the typical features of alopecia totalis, severe muscle spasm and skeletal deformities. PMID: 21992906 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)

Systemic treatment for alopecia areata

Dermatologic Therapy — Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTOf the world population, 1.7% is suffering from alopecia areata at some point in their lives. The exact etiology of this disease is still unknown, and the course of the disease is unpredictable. Effective treatments, especially for severe multifocal alopecia areata, alopecia areata totalis, and alopecia areata universalis, are lacking. The present article will discuss side effects and relapse rates of different systemic agents for treatment of severe and rapid progressive alopecia areata. (Source: Dermatologic Therapy)

Topical and intralesional therapies for alopecia areata

Dermatologic Therapy — Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This article will review the available topical and intralesional agents that are used in the treatment of alopecia areata and suggest a management approach based on the age of the patient and extent of the disease. (Source: Dermatologic Therapy)

Reflectance Confocal Microscopy of the Yellow Dot Pattern in Alopecia Areata [Observation]

Archives of Dermatology — Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The RCM study of the yellow dot pattern showed a good correlation with the dermoscopic and pathological findings and confirms that the yellow dots correspond to inefficient follicular structures that often contain hair remnants. (Source: Archives of Dermatology)

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First use of thymus transplantation therapy for FOXN1 deficiency (nude/SCID): a report of 2 cases

Blood — Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

FOXN1 deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by athymia, alopecia totalis, and nail dystrophy. Two infants with FOXN1 deficiency were transplanted with cultured postnatal thymus tissue. Subject 1 presented with disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection and oligoclonal T cells with no naive markers. Subject 2 had respiratory failure, human herpes virus 6 infection, cytopenias, and no circulating T cells. The subjects were given thymus transplants at 14 and 9 months of life, respectively. Subject 1 received immunosuppression before and for 10 months after transplantation. With follow up of 4.9 and 2.9 years, subjects 1 and 2 are well without infectious complications. The pretransplantation mycobacterial disease in subject 1 and cytopenias in subject 2 resolved. S...

[Treatment of alopecia areata with prednisone in a once-monthly oral pulse.]

Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie — Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: A once-monthly oral pulse of 300mg prednisone appears effective and safe. It can be recommended as first-line treatment for widespread AA. PMID: 20804894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)

[Long-term follow-up of the efficacy of methotrexate alone or in combination with low doses of oral corticosteroids in the treatment of alopecia areata totalis or universalis.]

Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie — Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: MTX alone or in combination with low doses of oral corticosteroids resulted in complete hair regrowth in about half of these patients presenting AA totalis or universalis. Lasting improvement required continuous treatment in most cases. PMID: 20804893 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Cenereologie)

Pigmented contact dermatitis due to therapeutic sensitizer as complication of contact immunotherapy in alopecia areata

The Journal of Dermatology — Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Pigmentary complication by contact immunotherapy (CI) for alopecia areata (AA) has been reported but its pathophysiology remains unknown. To characterize pigmentary complication by CI and its pathophysiology, we examined the incidence of hyperpigmentation in 186 consecutive patients treated with CI using diphenylcyclopropenone. From clinical data of AA totalis (AAT) or universalis (AAU) patients (n = 78), we studied the correlations between this complication and age, sex, atopic background, duration and treatment responsiveness, duration of CI, final concentration of diphenylcyclopropenone and administration of anti-histamines by [chi]2-test or Mann[ndash]Whitney U-test. Additionally, the histopathology of pigmentation was studied. As a result, 11 (5.91%) of the 186 patients had hyperpigme...

Photodynamic Therapy with Methyl 5-Aminolevulinate Acid Might Be Ineffective in Recalcitrant Alopecia Totalis Regardless of Using a Microneedle Roller to Increase Skin Penetration

Dermatologic Surgery — Thu, 01 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with aminolevulinic acid or methyl 5-aminolevulinic acid (MAL) has been tried for the treatment of alopecia areata (AA). Unfortunately, the efficacy of PDT in treating AA is still being debated, and most clinical trials have produced disappointing results, which may have been because of the lack of treatment rationale or because of drug penetration. In several clinical trials of PDT in AA, the dermatologists suspected that skin preparations, including mechanical or chemical peeling, might be incomplete for drug penetration. In this pilot study, the efficacy of PDT in treating AA was investigated, and the treatment effect of the use of a microneedle roller for the enhancement of the transepidermal drug delivery system was evaluated. Eight Korean patients with alop...

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Serum T helper 1 cytokine levels are greater in patients with alopecia areata regardless of severity or atopy

Clinical And Experimental Dermatology — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Increased Th1 serum cytokines (IL-2, IL-12 and interferon-[gamma]) and IL-1ra levels are associated with AA regardless of disease severity or the presence of atopy. (Source: Clinical And Experimental Dermatology)

Five-year experience in the treatment of alopecia areata with DPC

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Diphencyprone is an effective and safe treatment of extensive AA. A long period of therapy is needed and will increase the percentage of responders especially in alopecia totalis and universalis. Maintenance therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of relapse. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

Phase I/II randomized bilateral half-head comparison of topical bexarotene 1% gel for alopecia areata

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Topical bexarotene 1% application is well tolerated and possibly effective. A randomized placebo-controlled trial should be conducted. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

History of atopy or autoimmunity increases risk of alopecia areata

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This analysis revealed that a history of atopy and autoimmune disease was associated with an increased risk of AA and that the results were consistent for both the severe subtype of AA (ie, alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis) and the localized subtype (ie, AA persistent). (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

Combination therapy with oral PUVA and corticosteroid for recalcitrant alopecia areata

Archives of Dermatological Research — Fri, 20 Mar 2009 10:41:20 +0100

Abstract Alopecia areata (AA) is regarded as a tissue-specific autoimmune disease for which several therapies have been suggested to modify the immune reaction against HFs, such as contact immunotherapy, psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA), corticosteroids, cyclosporine, minoxidil, and dithranol. However, severe type AA, such as alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU), often show resistance against these therapies. We applied a combination therapy with oral corticosteroid and oral PUVA for intractable cases of AT and AU. These patients took 20 mg/day corticosteroid and were irradiated with UVA on the whole body 2 h after taking methoxsalen for 1 month. In all patients, the terminal hair on the whole scalp regrew after 2 months. Two patients h...

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Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type II: Report of a Novel Mutation in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene.

Archives of Iranian Medicine — Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100

In this report, we present the clinical findings on a family which exhibited the typical clinical features of hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets in two siblings. In addition, molecular analysis of the vitamin D receptor gene was performed by sequencing all coding exons. The cardinal findings in the index patient were alopecia totalis, renal tubular acidosis, mild generalized aminoaciduria, refractory rickets, high alkaline phosphatase, and hyperparathyroidism. Other routine biochemical tests were within normal limits, but 1+ glycine was detected in his urine. Skin biopsy results were compatible with alopecia areata. A previous child with similar phenotype was reported to be deceased at the age of 32 months. Mutation analysis of the vitamin D receptor gene by direct sequencing analysis ...

Cochrane review: Interventions for alopecia areata

NeLM Headline News — Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:00:00 +0100

According to the findings of a systematic review conducted by the Cochrane Collaboration, few treatments for alopecia areata (AA) have been well evaluated in randomised, controlled trials. AA is a disorder where there is a loss of hair with no scarring to the affected area. It can affect the entire scalp (alopecia totalis) or cause loss of all body hair (alopecia universalis). Its cause is not yet fully understood, and although it can start at any age, it will most commonly develop before 20 years of age. Although in many cases it can be a self-limiting condition, the hair loss will often have a severe social and emotional impact. Current treatments used for AA include corticosteroids (topical, local injection, oral, injection); systemic immunosuppression (e.g. psoralens plus PUVA); ora...

Alopecia areata progressing to totalis/universalis in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type II): Failure of dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology — Wed, 02 Apr 2008 09:56:40 +0100

Sehgal Virendra N, Bhattacharya Sambit N, Sharma Sonal, Srivastava Govind, Aggarwal Ashok KIndian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 2008 74(2):171-173 (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology)

The effect of methylprednisolone pulse-therapy plus oral cyclosporine in the treatment of alopecia totalis and universalis.

Archives of Iranian Medicine — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and side effects of pulse-therapy with methylprednisolone combined with oral cyclosporine in severe alopecia areata, defined as alopecia totalis and universalis. Six patients with alopecia totalis and 12 patients with alopecia universalis were referred to our center. The patients were treated with monthly intravenous methylprednisolone in doses of 500 mg for three days and oral cyclosporine (2.5 mg/kg/day) for five to eight months. Responses were categorized as: "adequate" (i.e., hair regrowth on > or =70% of the affected area) and "inadequate" (i.e., hair regrowth on <70% of the affected area). Adequate response was observed in six (33%) patients: three with alopecia totalis and 3 with alopecia universalis. Responses were b...

In vivo levels of IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ mRNA of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with alopecia areata in comparison to those in patients with atopic dermatitis

Archives of Dermatological Research — Fri, 22 Sep 2006 08:43:56 +0100

In conclusion, AA might be induced by an aberrant expression of IFN-γ in individuals whose PBMC produce low amounts of IFN-γ and TGF-β1. Further analysis is therefore required to investigate the phenotypes of the population in PBMC with or without reference to regulatory T cells. Content TypeJournal Article JournalArchives of Dermatological ResearchOnline ISSN 1432-069XPrint ISSN 0340-3696 (Source: Archives of Dermatological Research)

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Acute alopecia totalis.

Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Panonica, et Adriatica — Tue, 14 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100

Authors: Choi HJ, Ihm CW From a group of 1,189 AA patients seen in our dermatology unit, thirteen (3 males, 10 females) experienced hair shedding that started profusely and diffusely over the entire scalp. They were under observation for about 5 years, histopathology and trichograms being performed in all instances. The mean age of the patients was 26.7 years. It took only 2.3 months on average from the onset of hair shedding to total denudation of the scalp. The trichogram at the time of diffuse shedding showed that about 80% had dystrophic roots and the remaining 20% had telogen roots. Histopathological findings and exclamation mark hairs were compatible with alopecia areata. Regrowth of hair was noted 3.2 month after the onset of hair shedding and recovery observed in 4.8 months. Al...