MedWorm: Azoospermia

Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma in men with different spermatogenic impairment

Andrologia — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

SummarySeminal plasma is a potential source of biomarkers for many disorders of the male reproductive system including male infertility. The identification and characterisation of differentially expressed proteins in seminal plasma of man with normal and impaired spermatogenesis can help in the elucidation of the molecular basis of male infertility. We compared the protein expression profiles of seminal plasma from four different groups of men as follows: normozoospermic, asthenozoospermic, oligozoospermic and azoospermic groups, using two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE). We found eight proteins with statistically significant increased expression in azoospermia compared with at least one of the other studied groups. The differentially expressed spots were fibron...

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Human chorionic gonadotrophin treatment prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia

Human Reproduction — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS The Leydig cells of the testis can respond positively to exogenous hCG even under hypergonadotropic conditions. HCG-based hormonal therapy prior to a second micro-TESE attempt is effective in men with hypospermatogenesis. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Outcomes of the management of post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection‐associated anejaculation

BJU International — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• There appears to be no role for the use of pseudoephedrine therapy in patients with FOE after PC‐RPLND.• The use of a structured clinical pathway may optimize patient care. (Source: BJU International)

Situs Inversus Totalis: The Association of Kartagener's Syndrome With Diffuse Bronchiolitis and Azoospermia.

Archivos de Bronconeumologia — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mittal V, Shah A Abstract Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is characterised by bronchiectasis, paranasal sinusitis and situs inversus totalis (SIT). Association of diffuse bronchiolitis (DB) with KS has been documented from Japan only. Fourteen patients with SIT were seen in one unit over 7 years. All patients underwent a similar work up which included high resolution computed-tomography (HRCT) of thorax and CT-paranasal sinuses. Semen analysis was done in 2/3 adult males. Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females) had KS while 3 adult females had SIT alone. HRCT-thorax detected bronchiectasis in 10/11 patients with KS. HRCT-thorax confirmed DB in 6/11 patients with KS. One adult male had total sperm count of 2.5million/ml without sperm motility while the other had no sperms. This ...

HnRNPL as a key factor in spermatogenesis: Lesson from functional proteomic studies of azoospermia patients with sertoli cell only syndrome.

Journal of Proteomics — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clinical Proteomics. PMID: 22245417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Proteomics)

Deficient Expression of Genes Involved in the Endogenous Defense System against Transposons in Cryptorchid Boys with Impaired Mini-Puberty.

Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hadziselimovic F, Hadziselimovic NO, Demougin P, Krey G, Oakeley EJ Abstract Mini-puberty is the period between 30 and 80 days after birth when testosterone and gonadotropin surges occur in male infants to induce the transformation of gonocytes into adult/dark spermatogonia. Cryptorchid boys with impaired mini-puberty develop infertility despite timely and successful surgical treatment. The decreased germ cell count found in this group of boys could be the result of uncontrolled transposon activity inducing genomic instability and germ cell death. A genome-wide analysis of 18 cryptorchid and 4 control testes was performed with Affymetrix chips. We found that 5 of 8 genes that are important for transposon silencing were not expressed in the high azoospermia risk group of cr...

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Commentary on “Successful treatment of post-chemotherapy azoospermia with microsurgical testicular sperm extraction: The Weill Cornell experience.” Hsiao W, Stahl PJ, Osterberg EC, Nejat E, Palermo GD, Rosenwaks Z, Schlegel PN, Weill Cornell Medical College, James Buchanan Brady Foundation, New York, New York: J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1607–11

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Advances in chemotherapy have led to greater longevity and paternity may be an important consideration for post-chemotherapy survivors of childhood cancers. While traditionally considered sterile, men who are azoospermic after chemotherapy can be treated with microdissection testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). (Source: Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations)

Patency Rates of Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy for Patients With Idiopathic Obstructive Azoospermia: A Prospective Analysis of Factors Associated With Patency—Single-center Experience

Urology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:43:46 +0100

Conclusion: Longitudinal intussusception vasopididymostomy can provide a good patency rate, with success associated with epididymal fullness, bilateral surgery, distal epididymal anastomosis, and flowing fluid with motile sperm. (Source: Urology)

A genome-wide association study in Chinese men identifies three risk loci for non-obstructive azoospermia

Nature Genetics — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhibin Hu, Yankai Xia, Xuejiang Guo, Juncheng Dai, HongGang Li, Hongliang Hu, Yue Jiang, Feng Lu, Yibo Wu, Xiaoyu Yang, Huizhang Li, Bing Yao, Chuncheng Lu, Chenliang Xiong, Zheng Li, Yaoting Gui, Jiayin Liu, Zuomin Zhou, Hongbing Shen, Xinru Wang & Jiahao Sha Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most severe forms of male infertility. Its pathophysiology is largely unknown, and few genetic influences have been defined. To identify common variants contributing to NOA in Han Chinese men, we performed a three-stage genome-wide association study of 2,927 individuals with NOA and 5,734 controls. The combined analyses identified significant (P < 5.0 × 10−8) associations between NOA risk and common variants near PRMT6 (rs12097821 at 1p13.3: odds ratio (OR) = ...

Extensive portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis in a young man with Klinefelter's syndrome

Hepatology Research — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 14:18:52 +0100

Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is a unique physical condition characterized by tall stature, eunuchoid body proportions, gynecomastia, and azoospermia, in addition to an extra X chromosome. In contrast to the original description, symptoms or physical findings can be extremely varied. KS is the most common chromosomal disorder, with an incidence of 1 in 500 males and is also the most commonly undiagnosed chromosomal disorder. Here, we present the case of a 26‐year‐old man with KS, who visited our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and fever. On a routine physical examination, he did not differ from a normal karyotype male. Computed tomography showed extensive portal and mesenteric vein thrombosis (PMVT). It is well known that KS is frequently associated with venous thrombosis, but...

Association of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene A1298C Polymorphism with Male Infertility: A Meta‐Analysis

Annals of Human Genetics — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 02:29:52 +0100

In conclusion, this meta‐analysis supports that the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism is capable of causing male infertility susceptibility, especially azoospermia. (Source: Annals of Human Genetics)

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Redefining abnormal follicle‐stimulating hormone in the male infertility population

BJU International — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION• A significantly increased risk of abnormal semen analyses among men with FSH levels >4.5 IU/L and decreasing testosterone/FSH ratios suggests that redefining normal FSH in infertile men would be valuable. (Source: BJU International)

The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in subgroups of infertile men

Human Reproduction — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS We show that the highest prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities is found in hypergonadotrophic azoospermic men with an uneventful andrologic history. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Re: Heat Shock Factor Y Chromosome (HSFY) mRNA Level Predicts the Presence of Retrievable Testicular Sperm in Men With Nonobstructive Azoospermia

The Journal of Urology — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

P. J. Stahl, A. Mielnik, P. N. Schlegel and D. A. Paduch Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Sperm retrieval techniques for assisted reproduction

International Braz J Urol — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 02:22:41 +0100

Different surgical methods such as PESA, MESA, TESA, TESE and micro-TESE have been developed to retrieve spermatozoa from either the epididymis or the testis according to the type of azoospermia, i.e., obstructive or non-obstructive. Laboratory techniques are used to remove contaminants, cellular debris, and red blood cells following collection of the epididymal fluid or testicular tissue. Surgically-retrieved spermatozoa may be used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and/or cryopreservation. In this article, we review the surgical procedures for retrieving spermatozoa from both the epididymis and the testicle and provide technical details of the commonly used methods. A critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of the current surgical methods to retrieve sperm from male...

Outcomes for offspring of men having ICSI for male factor infertility.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Halliday J Abstract Since the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using single sperm isolated from testicular tissue in men with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, or using ejaculated sperm in those with poor semen quality, there have been concerns that this might have adverse effects on the offspring compared to conventional in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and natural conceptions. ICSI is done for reasons other than male factor infertility, and on the whole has not been shown to have any more negative effects than those seen with IVF. There have however, been very few studies of ICSI with a focus on, or large enough numbers to examine, the specific outcomes associated with male factor infertility. From the limited information available in relati...

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Testicular biopsy: clinical practice and interpretation.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dohle GR, Elzanaty S, van Casteren NJ Abstract Testicular biopsy was considered the cornerstone of male infertility diagnosis for many years in men with unexplained infertility and azoospermia. Recent guidelines for male infertility have limited the indications for a diagnostic testicular biopsy to the confirmation of obstructive azoospermia in men with normal size testes and normal reproductive hormones. Nowadays, testicular biopsies are mainly performed for sperm harvesting in men with non-obstructive azoospermia, to be used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Testicular biopsy is also performed in men with risk factors for testicular malignancy. In a subgroup of infertile men, there is an increased risk for carcinoma in situ of the testis, especially in men with a his...

Should TSPYL1 mutation screening be included in routine diagnostics of male idiopathic infertility?

Fertility and Sterility — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Mutations in the TSPYL1 gene do not seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic male infertility, and mutation screening of the TSPYL1 gene can currently not be recommended in routine diagnostics of idiopathic male infertility. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Alternate indications for varicocele repair: non-obstructive azoospermia, pain, androgen deficiency and progressive testicular dysfunction

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Varicocele repair is indicated for infertile men with clinical varicoceles. Some men with scrotal pain, low testosterone, non-obstructive azoospermia, and who are at risk for testicular dysfunction may also benefit from varicocelectomy. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Re: Lee et al.: Role of Genetics in Azoospermia (Urology 2011;77:598-601)

Urology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We have with great interest read the review by Lee et al published recently regarding the role of genetics in azoospermia. We are disappointed that only testicular sperm extraction (TESE) was suggested as the method of sperm retrieval in patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). In our experience, percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA) is less invasive and is associated with a higher success in sperm harvesting for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Moreover, the sperm density is significantly higher when compared with TESE. Such results in CBAVD have been reported as well by others authors. (Source: Urology)

Reply by the Authors

Urology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Men with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens are successfully treated with surgical sperm aspiration and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In the article by Lee et al, we suggested testicular sperm aspiration for sperm retrieval because sperm isolated from the testis have better genomic integrity compared with spermatozoa stored in the epididymis. Dozortsev et al reported that in cases with obstructive azoospermia, embryos generated using testicular sperm had higher developmental potential compared with those obtained using epididymal spermatozoa. However, we also agree that percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA) and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration can be used with higher success in sperm harvesting and can yield higher sperm concentration. (Source: ...

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Analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and azoospermia factor polymorphisms in infertile men in relation to other abnormalities

Andrologia — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, compound genetic abnormalities in CFTR mutation patients can be a contributing factor when abnormal spermatogenesis is encountered. (Source: Andrologia)

Altered Profile of Seminal Plasma MicroRNAs in the Molecular Diagnosis of Male Infertility [Molecular Diagnostics and Genetics]

Clinical Chemistry — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of miRNAs in seminal plasma provides a novel, noninvasive approach for diagnosing male infertility. (Source: Clinical Chemistry)

Surgical recovery of sperm in non-obstructive azoospermia.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ishikawa T Abstract The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) opened a new era in the field of assisted reproduction and revolutionized the assisted reproductive technology protocols for couples with male factor infertility. Fertilisation and pregnancies can be achieved with spermatozoa recovered not only from the ejaculate but also from the seminiferous tubules. The most common methods for retrieving testicular sperm in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) are testicular sperm aspiration (TESA: needle/fine needle aspiration) and open testicular biopsy (testicular sperm extraction: TESE). The optimal technique for sperm extraction should be minimally invasive and avoid destruction of testicular function, without compromising the chance to retrieve adequate nu...

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SEPTIN12 gene may be associated with azoospermia by meiotic arrest in Japanese men

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:49:47 +0100

Conclusion The c.204G>C (Gln38His) variant in the SEPTIN12 gene was associated with increased susceptibility to azoospermia caused by meiotic arrest. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory GeneticsPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9679-5Authors Toshinobu Miyamoto, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaokahigashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, JapanAkira Tsujimura, Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, JapanYasushi Miyagawa, Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, JapanEitetsu Koh, Department of Integrated Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, JapanMikio Namiki, Department of Integrated Cancer ...

Testicular adrenal rest tumor in infertile man with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: case report and literature review.

Sao Paulo Medical Journal — Sun, 20 Nov 2011 21:06:02 +0100

We present the case of a male patient with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency who presented a testicular tumor and azoospermia. Treatment with low daily corticoid doses had previously been started by an endocrinologist, but after 12 months, no significant change in sperm count was found. Although the adrenocorticotrophic hormone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels returned to normal values, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels remained unchanged. Ultrasound examination confirmed that the testicles were small and heterogenous bilaterally, and revealed a mosaic area at the projection of the testis network bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the finding. Testicular biopsy revealed the presence of preserved spermatogenesis and spermi...

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Predictors of Sperm Recovery and Azoospermia Relapse in Men With Nonobstructive Azoospermia After Varicocele Repair

The Journal of Urology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Varicocelectomy could recover motile sperm in men with nonobstructive azoospermia, palpable varicoceles and hypospermatogenesis or late maturation arrest. No sperm was recovered with early maturation arrest or Sertoli-cell-only. Recovery might be persistent or intermittent, or involve relapse of azoospermia. Testicular histology was the sole parameter significantly correlated with recovery and no predictors of relapse could be identified. This prognostic role of testicular biopsy is imperative in couple counseling. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Male infertility in Northeast China: a cytogenetic study of 135 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:47:58 +0100

Conclusions For infertile men in Northeast China, chromosome analysis is a necessary part of routine genetic testing, and the contributing effects of high smoking and alcohol consumption rates of this population should be discussed during genetic counseling. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory GeneticsPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9670-1Authors Zhi-Bo Zhang, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 ChinaYu-Ting Jiang, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 ChinaXin Yun, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 ChinaXiao Yang, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 ChinaRui-Xue Wang, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 ChinaRu-Lin Dai, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Chi...

Varicoceles and Treatment of Infertility—Have We Made Any Progress?

The Journal of Urology — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Varicoceles are the most commonly identified surgically correctable abnormality in infertile men. Improvements in semen parameters occur in approximately two-thirds of men following varicocele repair. However, many issues surrounding varicoceles remain unresolved. Which patients are likely to improve following varicocele repair? What is the time course of semen changes after surgery? What is the role of varicocele repair in the patient with azoospermia? The answers to these questions remain largely unanswered. In this issue of the Journal 3 articles add clarity to some of these questions. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Editorial commentary: How to predict fatherhood for men with non-obstructive azoospermia opting for TESE-ICSI?

Human Reproduction — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Human Reproduction)

A predictive score for testicular sperm extraction quality and surgical ICSI outcome in non-obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective study

Human Reproduction — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Thanks to better knowledge of TESE quality, the present score could help to improve care and pre-ICSI counseling for patients with NOA. (Source: Human Reproduction)

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Kinked {beta}-strands mediate high-affinity recognition of mRNA targets by the germ-cell regulator DAZL [Biochemistry]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

A defect in germ-cell (sperm and oocyte) development is the leading cause of male and female infertility. Control of translation through the binding of deleted in azoospermia (DAZ)-like (DAZL) to the 3′-UTRs of mRNAs, via a highly conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), has been shown to be essential in germ-cell development. Crystal structures of the RRM from murine DAZL (Dazl), both alone and in complex with RNA sequences from the 3′-UTRs of mRNAs regulated by Dazl, reveal high-affinity sequence-specific recognition of a GUU triplet involving an extended, kinked, pair of β-strands. Recognition of the GUU triplet is maintained, whereas the identity and position of bases flanking this triplet varies. The Dazl RRM is thus able to recognize GUU triplets in different sequence contexts. Mu...

Comparison of 7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone effectiveness alone or combined with progestins on androgen receptor mediated transactivation.

Reproduction — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Becerra-Garcia R, Ordaz-Rosado D, Noé G, Chávez B, Cooney AJ, Larrea F Abstract 7α-Methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT) is an androgen with potent gonadotropin inhibitory activity and prostate-sparing effects. These attributes give MENT advantages over testosterone (T) as a male contraceptive, but, as in the case of T, a partial dose-dependent suppression of spermatogenesis has been observed. Combination of T or MENT with synthetic progestins improves the rate of azoospermia; however, it is unknown whether these combinations affect hormone androgenicity or exert synergistic effects via progestational or androgenic interaction. Herein, using transactivation assays, we examined the ability of MENT alone or combined with several 19-nor derived synthetic progestins to activate ...

Êxpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the azoospermic human testis

Andrologia — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 10:03:56 +0100

In conclusion, complete germ cell loss and intense expression of iNOS in the Sertoli and Leydig cells in the spermatozoa‐absent groups of azoospermic human testis suggest an essential role of iNOS in spermatogenesis. (Source: Andrologia)

Identification of Spermatogenesis With Multiphoton Microscopy: An Evaluation in a Rodent Model

The Journal of Urology — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Multiphoton microscopy has the potential to facilitate real-time visualization of spermatogenesis in humans and aid in clinical applications, such as testicular sperm extraction for men with infertility. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome: morphofunctional penile abnormalities with normal sperm analysis.

Lupus — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Normal testicular function has been identified in PAPS patients, in spite of morphofunctional penile abnormalities. Previous arterial thrombosis may underlie penile anthropometry alteration. PMID: 22004973 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Lupus)

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Toward a pharmacogenetic approach to male infertility: polymorphism of follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit promoter

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): FSHB −211 TT genotype might represent a novel treatable form of male infertility characterized by severe spermatogenic impairment and low or inappropriately normal FSH plasma levels. This genetic marker could represent a valid pharmacogenetic approach for identification of potential responders to FSH treatment. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Effects of papaya seeds extract on the sperm characteristics of dogs.

Animal Reproduction Science — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ortega-Pacheco A, Jimenez-Coello M, Acosta-Viana KY, Guzman-Marin E, Gutierrez-Blanco E, Luna-Flores WS, Zavala-Sanchez MA, Gonzalez-Robles A, Perez-Gutierrez MS Abstract The effect of chloroform extracts from seeds of the papaya plant (Carica papaya) on the spermatic characteristics of dogs was evaluated at doses of 50, 100 and 150mg/kg, Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Structural and ultrastructural changes in sperm cells and testicular parenchyma were also evaluated, and possible side effects were noted. Significant reductions in sperm concentration and motility were observed starting from Days 60 and 75, respectively, in all treated groups (P<0.05), but no azoospermia was noted. A mild osmotic diarrhea occurred in dogs from Group 3 (150mg/kg), although blood variab...

The prevalence of common CFTR mutations in Iranian infertile men with non-CAVD obstructive azoospermia by using ARMS PCR techniques

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 05:49:59 +0100

Conclusion The common CFTR mutations were detected in 9/53(17%) infertile men with non-CAVD obstructive azoospermia. Pre-treatment CFTR mutation analysis remains critical to distinguish cystic fibrosis (CF) genotypes for men with non CAVD obstructive azoospermia. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory GeneticsPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9632-7Authors Kyumars Safinejad, Fars Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranMojtaba Darbouy, Fars Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranSayed Mahdi Kalantar, Research & Clinical Centre for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi Medical Sciences University Yazd, Yazd, IranSirus Zeinali, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pastor Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranReza Mirfakhraie, Department of...

S100 microdissection-sperm retrieval-tese-optimal approach for patient with non-obstructive azoospermia

European Urology Supplements — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: European Urology Supplements)

C51 the outcome of scrotal microsurgery in primary obstructive azoospermia – a prospective longitudinal study

European Urology Supplements — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: European Urology Supplements)

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A rare Y chromosome constitutional rearrangement: a partial AZFb deletion and duplication within chromosome Yp in an infertile man with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.

International Journal of Andrology — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 03:10:16 +0100

We report a case of an infertile man with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia with a partial azoospermia factor b (AZFb) deletion and duplication region within chromosome Yp11.2. The hormonal profile was normal for serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and oestradiol. The patient, who showed a 46,XY karyotype, had an approximate 2.4 Mb inherited duplication region in Yp11.2 and a de novo partial AZFb deletion, which spanned 5.25 Mb including eight protein coding genes and four non-coding transcripts, but did not remove the RBMY gene family. Both proximal and distal breakpoints of the deletion were outside any palindromic region or inverted repeat sequence and intra-chromosomal non-allelic homologous recombination could not have been the...

Identification of a novel mutation in exon 1 of androgen receptor gene in an azoospermic patient with mild androgen insensitivity syndrome: case report and literature review

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): The novel mutation A240S of AR is involved in MAIS, a syndrome associated with azoospermia. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

The value of epididymal protease inhibitor in differential diagnosis between obstructive azoospermia and non‐obstructive azoospermia

Andrologia — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 17:40:38 +0100

SummaryThere are no efficient and noninvasive clinical tests to distinguish between obstructive azoospermia (OA) and non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Epididymal protease inhibitor (Eppin) protein is secreted specifically by testes and epididymides in male reproductive system. It does not exist in seminal plasma of patients with OA in theory. The seminal plasma from 40 normal men and 46 azoospermic patients was detected via Western blot for investigating the presence and characteristics of Eppin protein to distinguish between OA and NOA. The cases were diagnosed as NOA whether Eppin in seminal plasma was positive via Western blot analysis. The cases were diagnosed as OA when samples were Eppin‐negative. Additionally, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and percutaneous tes...

Verification of male infertility biomarkers in seminal plasma by multiplex selected reaction monitoring assay.

Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Drabovich AP, Jarvi K, Diamandis EP Abstract Seminal plasma is a promising biological fluid to use for non-invasive clinical diagnostics of male reproductive system disorders. To verify a list of prospective male infertility biomarkers, we developed a multiplex selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assay and measured relative abundance of 31 proteins in 30 seminal plasma samples from normal, non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and post-vasectomy (PV) individuals. Median levels of some proteins were decreased by more than 100-fold in NOA or PV samples, in comparison to normals. To follow up the most promising candidates and measure their concentrations in seminal plasma, heavy isotope-labeled internal standards were synthesized and used to re-analyze 20 proteins in the same set ...

Discordant clinical and histological findings predict failure of reconstruction in suspected obstructive azoospermia

Journal of Men's Health — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 09:18:50 +0100

Background: Obstructive azoospermia is a surgically correctable cause of male infertility. In the absence of a history suggestive of vasal injury, obstruction is diagnosed based on normal semen volume, testicular size, vas deferens, serum follicle stimulating hormone and histological evidence of normal spermatogenesis (idiopathic obstructive azoospermia (IOA)). On occasion, azoospermic men may be clinically non-obstructive due to abnormal physical findings or a high FSH level, but testicular histology on FNAC shows normal spermatogenesis. This discordance between clinical and histological information results in a dilemma about the etiology of azoospermia and the feasibility of surgical reconstruction. We surgically explored such patients for feasibility of a vasoepididymal anastomosis (VEA...

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Bilateral histological evaluation of exocrine testicular function in men with obstructive azoospermia: condition of spermatogenesis and andrological implications?

Human Reproduction — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Patients with OA may not need to be biopsied for diagnostic purposes. Our data support the use of unilateral therapeutic biopsy in men with OA and that the larger testicle should be operated on when there is a significant difference in size. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Report of results obtained in 2,934 women using donor sperm: donor insemination versus in vitro fertilization according to indication

Fertility and Sterility — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Single women, which also represented the oldest group, show a lower probability of achieving pregnancy, and thus represent a subfertile population. Associated factors could include advanced maternal age. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

In Vitro Colonization of Human Spermatogonia Stem Cells: Effect of Patient's Clinical Characteristics and Testicular Histologic Findings

Urology — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Infertile men with testicular histologic findings of maturation arrest at the premeiotic spermatogonia stage were seemingly the most appropriate candidates for testicular biopsy and in vitro propagation of human SSCs, regardless of their demographic/clinical characteristics. (Source: Urology)

Genome instability in AZFc region on Y chromosome in leukocytes of fertile and infertile individuals following exposure to gamma radiation

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 15:50:43 +0100

Conclusion No significant difference was seen between the two infertile groups (p > 0.05). This observation might be a possible explanation for induction of azoospermia and oligozoospermia after radiotherapy. Increased frequency of induced microdeletion and duplication in infertile men compared with normal might be attributed to the deficiency in repair systems and the genetic factors involved in incomplete spermatogenesis of infertile men. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory GeneticsPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9626-5Authors Sahar Moghbeli-Nejad, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115–111, Tehran, IranHossein Mozdarani, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat ...

Clinical outcomes and development of children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using extracted testicular sperm or ejaculated extreme severe oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia sperm: a comparative study

Fertility and Sterility — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 01:21:52 +0100

Conclusion(s): There is no evidence of differences in the clinical outcomes and development of children result after ICSI with extracted testicular sperm or ejaculated extreme severe OAT sperm. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

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In the era of micro‐dissection sperm retrieval (m‐TESE) is an isolated testicular biopsy necessary in the management of men with non‐obstructive azoospermia?

BJU International — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION• M‐TESE should be considered the gold standard for retrieval of testicular sperm in NOA, even in cases where there has been previously unsuccessful attempts. FSH levels and histology cannot be used to predict the success of sperm retrieval. An isolated diagnostic testicular biopsy is not recommended in men with NOA, as a significant proportion of men undergoing m‐TESE will have successful a sperm retrieval irrespective of previous histology or previous unsuccessful surgery. (Source: BJU International)

Testicular Failure and Male Infertility in the Monogenic Mulibrey Nanism Disorder.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: All adult MUL males have a unique disorder of testicular function with small testes, elevated FSH and LH, and low inhibin B. In MUL, mutations in TRIM37 lead to disturbance of sexual maturation, and fertility is severely compromised. Thus, TRIM37 is a novel gene causing male infertility. PMID: 21865362 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Association of genetic variants in CFTR gene, IVS8 c.1210-12T[5_9] and c.1210-35_1210-12GT[8_12], with spermatogenetic failure: case-control study and meta-analysis

Molecular Human Reproduction — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

It has been proposed that the genetic variants of IVS8 c.1210-12T[5_9] and adjacent c.1210-35_1210-12GT[8_12] in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene might contribute to the spermatogenetic failure, but numerous genetic association studies that aimed to test this hypothesis reported conflicting results. So, in order to clarify such inconsistencies, we first conducted an original case–control study in Chinese Han population that consisted of 126 non-obstructive azoospermia, 169 severe oligospermia and 213 fertile male controls, and subsequently performed a meta-analysis of the available data, including our results. Our case–control study revealed that the frequencies of the T[5] allele and the T[5]+GT[12] combination in patients with non-obstructive azoosperm...

A Novel Y Chromosome Microdeletion With the Loss of an Endogenous Retrovirus Related, Testis Specific Transcript in AZFb Region

The Journal of Urology — Fri, 19 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Purpose: We identified the endogenous retroviruses associated with TTYs (testis specific transcripts linked to the Y) in the AZFb region. We evaluated the relationship between endogenous retroviruses, and TTY expression patterns and function in spermatogenesis.Materials and Methods: We identified family members of TTYs in the AZFb region using computational screening. After investigating the relationship between the endogenous retrovirus genome and TTY expression patterns we screened genomic polymerase chain reaction products from TTY13 amplified from 790 Japanese men, including 275 with azoospermia, 285 with oligozoospermia and 230 who were fertile.Results: Computational screening revealed that 3 members of the TTY family, TTY9, 10 and 13, were regulated by endogenous retroviruses in the ...

Enhanced frequency of CFTR gene variants in couples who are candidates for assisted reproductive technology treatment

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine — Fri, 05 Aug 2011 10:49:36 +0100

Conclusions: All subjects affected by obstructive or secretory azoospermia should undergo molecular analysis and counselling for CF using gene scanning which has a high detection rate and also reveals rare CFTR mutations. Molecular analysis seems to be less mandatory in other types of male/female infertility. Furthermore, we found that the CFTR TG12-T5-V470 variant haplotype was associated with both severe oligospermia and tubal infertility, thereby implicating the CFTR protein in both spermatogenesis and tubal functionality. (Source: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine)

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Caspase‐3 detection in human testicular spermatozoa from azoospermic and non‐azoospermic patients

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe apoptotic mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in testis are poorly understood. In the present study, the rates of testicular spermatozoa with active caspase‐3 were quantified in testicular samples with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. Testicular spermatozoa were collected from 18 men after testicular biopsy during assisted reproductive treatments: five presented oligozoospermia, four congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), five secondary obstructive azoospermia (sOAZ) and four hypospermatogenesis. Ejaculated samples were derived from six normozoospermic patients. Testicular spermatozoa were analysed using a fluorescence microscope and differences among groups were calculated using regression logistic models. Total rates of spermatozoa with active caspas...

Caspase-3 detection in human testicular spermatozoa from azoospermic and non-azoospermic patients.

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Almeida C, Cunha M, Ferraz L, Silva J, Barros A, Sousa M The apoptotic mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in testis are poorly understood. In the present study, the rates of testicular spermatozoa with active caspase-3 were quantified in testicular samples with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. Testicular spermatozoa were collected from 18 men after testicular biopsy during assisted reproductive treatments: five presented oligozoospermia, four congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), five secondary obstructive azoospermia (sOAZ) and four hypospermatogenesis. Ejaculated samples were derived from six normozoospermic patients. Testicular spermatozoa were analysed using a fluorescence microscope and differences among groups were calculated using regression l...

Sensitivity and specificity of serum FSH and testis size in predicting the existence of spermatogenesis in azoospermic infertile men

Andrologia — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 11:21:36 +0100

The objective of research was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of serum follicle stimulating hormone and testis size in predicting spermatogenesis in infertile men with azoospermia. In a prospective study, azoospermic men were studied. Serum follicle stimulating hormone measurement and scrotal sac ultrasonography were performed. Bilateral testis biopsy was performed for all of these patients. The sensitivity and specificity of follicle stimulating hormone and testis size were determined to predict the existence of different cellular steps of spermatogenesis. Of eighty infertile men who recruited into the study, 53 patients did not represent any different cellular steps of spermatogenesis, while 27 of them had various steps of such differentiation. Amo...

Bacteriological findings in different fractions of canine ejaculates showing normospermia, teratozoospermia or azoospermia

Australian Veterinary Journal — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 00:54:25 +0100

Conclusion These data emphasise that the first fraction is more contaminated with bacteria than the second and third fractions which may be due to bacteria ascending from the urethra. The use of a fractionated collection of canine ejaculates seems to be beneficial to reduce or prevent bacterial contaminations. (Source: Australian Veterinary Journal)

Polymorphisms of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in idiopathic, infertile Brazilian men: a case‐control study

Molecular Reproduction and Development — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Polymorphisms of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in idiopathic, infertile Brazilian men: A case–control study

Molecular Reproduction and Development — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Screening of ΔF508 mutation and IVS8‐poly T polymorphism in CFTR gene in Tunisian infertile men without CBAVD

Andrologia — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we investigate ΔF508 mutation and IVS8‐polyT polymorphism in CFTR gene in Tunisian infertile men without CBAVD. Genetic analyses were performed in 148 infertile patients and 126 fertile individuals. The polymorphic IVS8‐polyT tract in CFTR gene was analysed in only 129 infertile patients and 54 individuals of control group. As well, we screened for Y chromosome microdeletions in all infertile patients. No ΔF508 mutation was diagnosed either in infertile patients or in control group. 5T allele of IVS8‐polyT tract was found in both infertile men (4.26%) and fertile individuals (8.33%). 5T/5T genotype was observed only in two azoospermic patients without Y microdeletions. The most frequent genotype of IVS8‐polyT tract in infertile men and controls was 7T/7T (69.75% an...

Reversible testosterone‐induced azoospermia in a 45‐year‐old man attending an infertility outpatient clinic

Andrologia — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryA 45‐year‐old male with azoospermia was presented to us with primary infertility. We found that he had been taking testosterone due to erectile dysfunction. Upon its discontinuation, the normozoospermia was restored. This led to a pregnancy. In men aged 40–50, the diagnostic work up of testosterone deficiency should be in accordance with the current guidelines. Moreover, no testosterone prescription should be made without having inquired about parenthood desires. In men of the reproductive age with recent‐onset azoospermia, consider the possibility of an iatrogenic cause, primarily due to the testosterone replacement therapy. The treatment is simple: to discontinue the therapy. (Source: Andrologia)

Prevalent false positives of azoospermia factor a (AZFa) microdeletions caused by single-nucleotide polymorphism rs72609647 in the sY84 screening of male infertility.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, a large-scale analysis of AZF microdeletion in a total of 630 Chinese males, including healthy semen donors (n=200), infertile males with normal sperm count (n=226) and patients with either nonobstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia (n=204), was performed. A series of nine sequence-tagged site (STS) markers from the AZF region of the Y chromosome was used to detect microdeletions. All primers were designed based on the recommendations of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. An unusually high incidence (73/630, 11.6%) of sY84-absent but sY86-present genotypes was observed in the AZFa microdeletion screening. Sequencing the sY84-flanking region revealed a total of 73 patients with sY84-absent but sY86-present genotypes have a T-to-G transversion at the ...

Can we grow sperm? A translational perspective on the current animal and human spermatogenesis models.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lo KC, Domes T There have been tremendous advances in both the diagnosis and treatment of male factor infertility; however, the mechanisms responsible to recreate spermatogenesis outside of the testicular environment continue to elude andrologists. Having the ability to 'grow' human sperm would be a tremendous advance in reproductive biology with multiple possible clinical applications, such as a treatment option for men with testicular failure and azoospermia of multiple etiologies. To understand the complexities of human spermatogenesis in a research environment, model systems have been designed with the intent to replicate the testicular microenvironment. Currently, there are both in vivo and in vitro model systems. In vivo model systems involve the transplantation of eithe...

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Testicular masses in a man with a plausible sarcoidosis

Indian Journal of Urology — Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The objective of this report was to present a case of a patient with testicular swelling. The patient was an infertile 42-year-old man with bilateral testicular swelling. Semen analysis in the past 10 years revealed no abnormality; however, gradually he became azoospermic in 3 years. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis made on the basis of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in chest CT scan was confirmed through testicular and epididymal biopsy. Testicular masses vanished after administering steroids, and azoospermia recovered. To conclude, although genitourinary sarcoidosis is rare, it must be kept in mind in patients with confirmed sarcoidosis. (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)

Benzo[a]pyrene Reduces Testosterone Production in Rat Leydig Cells via a Direct Disturbance of Testicular Steroidogenic Machinery

EHP-in-Press — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: B[a]P exposure can decrease epididymal sperm quality, possibly by disturbing the T level, and StAR may be a major steroidogenic protein that is targeted by B[a]P or other PAHs. (Source: EHP-in-Press)

Prenatal diagnostics in TESA/PESA pregnancies in Denmark 1995-2007: a shift from invasive procedures to nuchal translucency examination.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study documents a shift in prenatal diagnostics from IPD to NT for testicular sperm aspiration/percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (TESA/PESA) couples. PMID: 21732889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine)

Genotyping of Tunisian azoospermic men with Sertoli cell‐only and maturation arrest

Andrologia — Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryAzoospermia factor (AZF) deletions were associated with severe oligospermia and azoospermia with testicular histologies varying from maturation arrest (MA) to Sertoli cell‐only (SCO) phenotypes. Abnormal androgen receptor (AR) structure or function has also been implicated in male infertility. To assess the contribution of these genetic defects to azoospermic patients, 19 Tunisian men with SCO (n = 13) or MA (n = 6) were enrolled in this study. Using immunohistochemistry method, we evaluated the expression of AR in testicular biopsy for the two phenotypes. PCR with primers flanking the AR‐(CAG)n region and direct sequencing were used to determine AR‐(CAG)n length. And PCR amplification of 14 sequence‐tagged sites (STSs) located at Yq was used to determine the rate an...

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Evaluation of semen quality in patients with malignancies referred for sperm banking before cancer treatment

Andrologia — Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we have reviewed semen parameters of men with cancer who deposited their sperm samples at the Avicenna Research Institute tissue bank before undergoing cytotoxic treatment. This descriptive retrospective study examined 73 cases referred to sperm bank, because of malignancy, prior to initiation of cancer treatments including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The data recorded were age, marital status, reproductive history, semen analysis reports and cancer history of the patients. Semen samples were analysed according to recommendations of the World Health Organization (1999) before freezing. Results of the analysis showed that 71.2% (52) of patients had oligozoospermia, 93.2% (68) teratozoospermia and 86.3% (63) asthenozoospermia. Different groups of cancer patients did not sho...

Low inhibin B levels alone are not a reliable marker of dysfunctional spermatogenesis in childhood cancer survivors

Andrologia — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryHormone and semen analyses were carried out to examine the diagnostic value of hormones and hormone combinations as markers of spermatogenesis in male patients who had received oncological treatment in childhood. Hormone analyses from 73 participants and spermiograms from 42 participants were evaluated. Spearman’s correlation coefficients and measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated for the hormone and semen analysis values. Inhibin B levels of <80 ml/ml, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of >10 IU l−1 and a combination of the two parameters showed positive predictive values for azoospermia of 0.423, 0.6154 and 0.6667 respectively. While 32% of the 73 participants showed a combination of abnormal inhibin B and FSH values, which strongly indicates imp...

Apoptosis-inhibitor Aven is downregulated in defective spermatogenesis and a novel estrogen target gene in mammalian testis

Fertility and Sterility — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): The results suggest that deregulation of the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor Aven may be related to male factor infertility. Moreover, Aven is an estrogen target gene and may be involved in the mechanism of testicular apoptosis control by estrogens. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Preliminary study of letrozole use for improving spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia patients with normal serum FSH.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cavallini G, Beretta G, Biagiotti G We investigated whether letrozole (2.5 mg day(-1)) improves sperm count in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Four men were included in this study, and they had folliculo-stimulating hormone and other hormone levels within the normal range and no varicoceles or chromosomal aberrations. These four patients were administered letrozole for 3 months. Sperm count, testicular volume, gonadotropin, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) blood levels were assessed before, during and 1 week after the suspension of treatment. All patients showed spermatozoa in their ejaculate, increased gonadotropin and T levels and lower E2 levels (P<0.05 in all cases), when letrozole was administered. This suggests that letrozole treatment might improve sp...

Regenerating I messenger RNA and protein expression in the failing human testis: a potential molecular prognostic marker of seminoma

Human Pathology — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Summary: Infertility has been stated as a risk factor for testicular cancer; but currently, there is no prognostic indicator of tumor development from the pathologic testis with impaired spermatogenesis. Regenerating proteins are expressed in many human tissues including the testis, and their role in carcinogenesis has been well documented. In the present work, regenerating I messenger RNA and protein expression and cellular protein localization were studied in testicular biopsies of patients with normal (obstructive azoospermia) or impaired spermatogenesis (nonobstructive azoospermia) and in seminoma testis by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. No significant differences in regenerating I transcripts were reported...

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Early Versus Late Maturation Arrest: Reproductive Outcomes of Testicular Failure

The Journal of Urology — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Maturation arrest is a common, diverse histopathological subtype of severe male infertility. Compared to men with late maturation arrest those with early maturation arrest have increased follicle-stimulating hormone, decreased testosterone and a decreased probability of mature spermatozoa. In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes were similar when spermatozoa were discovered during testicular sperm extraction. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Nonmosaic 47,XYY syndrome presenting with male infertility: case series

Andrologia — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, this report suggests that patients with XYY may present with primary infertility and may show oligospermia and nonobstructive azoospermia. Careful clinical, ultrasonographic, endocrinological and cytogenetic examinations should be a part of their diagnostic work‐up for the proper management of these patients. In addition, ICSI may be a hope for some of these patients. (Source: Andrologia)

Heat shock factor Y chromosome (HSFY) mRNA level predicts the presence of retrievable testicular sperm in men with nonobstructive azoospermia

Fertility and Sterility — Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Detection of HSFY mRNA expression by qRT-PCR has promising application in the evaluation and counseling of men with NOA before attempted sperm retrieval surgery. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Role of tissue digestion and extensive sperm search after microdissection testicular sperm extraction

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): In men undergoing microdissection testicular sperm extraction, when sperm were not observed in the OR despite extensive mechanical processing, sperm were observed in the laboratory for 7% of the men. This information is valuable in counseling couples in the immediate postoperative period when no sperm were identified intraoperatively. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Outcome of cycles of oocyte in vitro maturation requiring testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Oocyte IVM may represent an option in NOA cases. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

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Hormonal male contraception in men with normal and subnormal semen parameters

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryHormonal male contraception based on testosterone alone or on a combination of testosterone with a gestagen has been shown to suppress spermatogenesis effectively and to be fully reversible. However, clinical studies to date have only included volunteers with so‐called ‘normal’ semen values by WHO standards. As a male contraceptive should be available to all interested men regardless of their semen parameters, we investigated how volunteers with subnormal semen parameters would respond to hormonal male contraception. During a 34‐week treatment phase, the volunteers received injections of 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate in weeks 0, 6, 14 and 24. This was followed by a 24‐week recovery and follow‐up period. As it was not known whether men with subnormal semen parameters...

Hormonal male contraception in men with normal and subnormal semen parameters.

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nieschlag E, Vorona E, Wenk M, Hemker AK, Kamischke A, Zitzmann M Hormonal male contraception based on testosterone alone or on a combination of testosterone with a gestagen has been shown to suppress spermatogenesis effectively and to be fully reversible. However, clinical studies to date have only included volunteers with so-called 'normal' semen values by WHO standards. As a male contraceptive should be available to all interested men regardless of their semen parameters, we investigated how volunteers with subnormal semen parameters would respond to hormonal male contraception. During a 34-week treatment phase, the volunteers received injections of 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate in weeks 0, 6, 14 and 24. This was followed by a 24-week recovery and follow-up period. As ...

Beneficial effect of tamoxifen on sperm recovery in infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia

Andrologia — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryAbout 10% of infertile men have azoospermia. After the introduction of microinjection [intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)], many of these men obtain the chance to be a father. But still in many cases of nonobstructive azoospermia, we are not able to find spermatozoa for ICSI. Medications may be able to increase the chance of finding spermatozoa in testis samples. So in this study, we evaluated the effect of tamoxifen citrate on the results of sperm recovery from testis tissue in infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Thirty‐two azoospermic infertile men with proved nonobstructive azoospermia were selected. Tamoxifen was administered for 3 months. Semen samples and in the cases of azoospermia second testis biopsy were taken, and the results were compared with the fir...

Chromosomal and molecular abnormalities in a group of Brazilian infertile men with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia attending an infertility service

International Braz J Urol — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 16:04:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: The high frequency of genetic alterations (18.8%) in our series justified performing a genetic investigation in a population with idiopathic infertility, as results may help determine the prognosis, as well as the choice of an assisted reproduction technique. Moreover, a genetic investigation could minimize the risk of transmitting genetic abnormalities to future generations such as genetic male infertility, mental retardation, genital ambiguity and/or birth defects. (Source: International Braz J Urol)

Assessment of anti-sperm antibodies in couples after testicular sperm extraction.

Clinical and Investigative Medicine — Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:07 +0100

Conclusion: TESE procedure does not cause ASA production in either males or their female partners. PMID: 21631995 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Investigative Medicine)

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Comparative analysis on mRNA expression level and methylation status of DAZL gene between cattle-yaks and their parents.

Animal Reproduction Science — Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liu Z, Li Q, Pan Z, Qu X, Zhang C, Xie Z The autosomal gene Deleted in Azoospermia Like (DAZL) is essential for spermatogenesis. The absence of DAZL gene will lead to meiotic arrest, spermatogenetic failure and male infertility, and so it was usually considered as a candidate gene for male infertility in cattle-yaks. To study the regulatory mechanism of DAZL expression in cattle-yaks, DAZL mRNA expression and DAZL gene methylation patterns in testes of cattle, yaks and cattle-yaks were examined using real-time PCR and bisulfite sequencing. The results showed that DAZL mRNA expression in testes of cattle-yaks was lower than that in cattle and yak (about 1/2-1/3 of cattle and yak). The methylation level of DAZL in cattle-yaks (85.6%) was significantly higher than that in cattle ...

A single nucleotide polymorphism in a miR-1302 binding site in CGA increases the risk of idiopathic male infertility

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Our results reveal for the first time that SNPs residing in miRNA-binding sites of CGA could influence expression of CGA and elevate the risk of spermatogenesis impairment. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Single nucleotide polymorphism in the UBR2 gene may be a genetic risk factor for Japanese patients with azoospermia by meiotic arrest

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Fri, 13 May 2011 15:41:09 +0100

Conclusion The c.1,066A>T variant in the UBR2 gene is associated with increased susceptibility to azoospermia caused by meiotic arrest. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9576-yAuthors Toshinobu Miyamoto, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JapanAkira Tsujimura, Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, JapanYasushi Miyagawa, Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, JapanEitetsu Koh, Department of Integrated Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, JapanMikio Namiki, Department of Integrated Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, K...

Study of GT-repeat expansion in Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter as genetic cause of male infertility

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Tue, 10 May 2011 05:53:16 +0100

Conclusions This study shows for the first time that GT-repeats expansion in promoter of the HO-1 gene is associated with oligospermia and azoospermia among Iranian infertile cases. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9574-0Authors Elham Siasi, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, IranAhmad Aleyasin, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, IranSeyed Javad Mowla, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, IranHamid Sahebkashaf, Navide Institute of Infertility, Tehran, Iran Journal Journal of Assisted Reproduction and GeneticsOnline ISSN 1573-7330Print ISSN 1058-0468 (Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics)

Seminal molecular markers as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the evaluation of spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine — Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we used molecular methods to evaluate spermatogenesis status in azoospermic men. Semen samples were collected from 203 men with azoospermia. Total RNA was extracted from the semen precipitates. First-strand complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) was synthesized by reverse transcriptase then, (RT)-PCRs were carried out using primers for testis stage-specific genes (DAZ, AKAP4, PRM1, and PRM2). Testicular tissue biopsies were used for evaluating spermatogenesis status in testis. Histopathological examination and LH, FSH, and testosterone level measurements (chemiluminescence assay) were performed. The presence of DAZ and PRM2 transcripts in semen significantly indicated the presence of spermatogonia and spermatids in the testicular tissues. Absence of all four markers in s...

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Bilateral Endoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) Inguinal Hernia Repair Does not Induce Obstructive Azoospermia: Data of a Retrospective and Prospective Trial

World Journal of Surgery — Fri, 29 Apr 2011 05:42:39 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1121-8Authors Markus Schäfer, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Journal World Journal of SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-2323Print ISSN 0364-2313 (Source: World Journal of Surgery)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and the risk of male infertility: a meta‐analysis

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, this meta‐analysis supports that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is capable of causing male infertility susceptibility in Asians, but not in Caucasians. (Source: International Journal of Andrology)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and the risk of male infertility: a meta-analysis.

International Journal of Andrology — Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is capable of causing male infertility susceptibility in Asians, but not in Caucasians. PMID: 21535009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Andrology)

Finasteride: Azoospermia: case report

Reactions — Sun, 24 Apr 2011 16:50:04 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

CR16 forms a complex with N-WASP in human testes

Cell and Tissue Research — Tue, 19 Apr 2011 07:11:56 +0100

Abstract The expression of corticosteroids and regional expression 16 (CR16) and neural Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) was studied in the testes of men with idiopathic azoospermia by (1) immunohistochemistry and Western blot to detect the expression of CR16 and N-WASP protein, (2) reverse transcription with the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the amounts of CR16 and N-WASP mRNA, and (3) double-staining immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) to demonstrate the co-localization of CR16 and N-WASP proteins. Immunohistochemistry revealed CR16 and N-WASP proteins in the Sertoli cells, specifically in the Sertoli cell-spermatogenic cell junctions (SspJs) in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. RT-PCR indicated that ...

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Successful Treatment of Postchemotherapy Azoospermia With Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction: The Weill Cornell Experience [Health Services and Outcomes]

Journal of Clinical Oncology — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion To our knowledge, this represents the largest series of postchemotherapy microdissection TESE-ICSI to date. Sperm were retrieved in 37% of patients despite a prevalence of Sertoli cell–only pattern on preoperative biopsy. Although prechemotherapy sperm cryopreservation is recommended, treatment with microdissection TESE and ICSI are effective treatment options for many azoospermic men after chemotherapy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology)

Bilateral Endoscopic Total Extraperitoneal (TEP) Inguinal Hernia Repair Does Not Induce Obstructive Azoospermia: Data of a Retrospective and Prospective Trial

World Journal of Surgery — Wed, 13 Apr 2011 14:24:37 +0100

Conclusion The standardized TEP technique for simultaneous bilateral inguinal hernia repair in male patients was not associated with a higher risk for postoperative infertility after mesh implantation. The use of heavy-weight meshes had no negative effect on fertility. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1072-0Authors S. Skawran, Department of Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Wieckesweg 27, 44309 Dortmund, GermanyD. Weyhe, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Pius-Hospital, Georgstraße 12, 26121 Oldenburg, GermanyB. Schmitz, Department of Visceral and Trauma Surgery, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Wieckesweg 27, 44309 Dortmund, GermanyO. Belyaev, Department of Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudruns...

High-magnification observation of seminiferous tubules through the tunica albuginea by two-photon laser scanning microscopy.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Achard V, Weber P, Mercier G, Blanchard MP Testicular sperm extraction is widely used in the treatment of male infertility in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia. Identifying spermatogenetic foci within the testes is critical for testicular sperm extraction. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) is an autofluorescence-based microscopy technique that allows observation at a cellular level in the depth of fresh living tissues and does not require any histological processing (fixation or staining). The wavelengths previously used have shown no phototoxicity on sperm. We used TPLSM to detect spermatogenetic foci in fresh mouse testicular parenchyma without disrupting the tunica albuginea. Fresh surgically retrieved testes were observed using TPLSM within 1 h after extracti...

Novel concepts in male infertility

International Braz J Urol — Sat, 09 Apr 2011 01:27:32 +0100

Extraordinary advances have been achieved in the field of male infertility in the last decades. There are new concepts in sperm physiology and several modern tools for the assessment of spermatogenesis kinetics in vivo. New tests using molecular biology and DNA damage assays allow the clinician to correctly diagnose men so far classified as having idiopathic male infertility. In the field of treatment, microsurgery has increased success rates either for reconstruction of the reproductive tract or the retrieval of spermatozoa for assisted conception. Emerging evidence suggests that life-style and environmental conditions are of utmost importance in male fertility and subfertility. This review discusses several concepts that have changed over the last years, such as the duration of the sperm...

The role of mast cells and their mediators in reproduction, pregnancy and labour

Human Reproduction Update — Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS MCs are prevalent in the female and male reproductive tract. However, whether MCs are absolutely required for a successful pregnancy or are fundamental to reproductive pathology, and thereby a therapeutic target, remains to be determined. (Source: Human Reproduction Update)

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Genome-wide analysis of translation reveals a critical role for deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl) at the oocyte-to-zygote transition [Research Papers]

Genes and Development — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development occur in the absence of gene transcription. Therefore, it is critical to understand at a global level the post-transcriptional events that are driving these transitions. Here we used a systems approach by combining polysome mRNA profiling and bioinformatics to identify RNA-binding motifs in mRNAs that either enter or exit the polysome pool during mouse oocyte maturation. Association of mRNA with the polysomes correlates with active translation. Using this strategy, we identified highly specific patterns of mRNA recruitment to the polysomes that are synchronized with the cell cycle. A large number of the mRNAs recovered with translating ribosomes contain motifs for the RNA-binding proteins DAZL (deleted in azoospermia-like) a...

Severity of oligo‐asteno‐teratozoospermia no longer determines overall success rate in male subfertility

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryIn this longitudinal multicentre cohort study, the overall ongoing pregnancy rate after current evidence‐based management in male subfertility was studied. All subfertile couples who visited the fertility clinic for the first time between 2002 and 2006, and had male subfertility as a single diagnosis (n = 762 of 2476 couples), were included in this study. Couples were grouped by the severity of male factor. Group I (n = 541) had a total motile sperm count (TMSC) 1–20 × 106. Group II (n = 161) had a TMSC <1 × 106. Group III (n = 60) had azoospermia. The overall ongoing pregnancy rate was 65.5% (500/762). The overall ongoing pregnancy rates in group I (69.3%) and group II (61.5%) were comparable (p = 0.06). However, group I and group II conceived s...

Severity of oligo-asteno-teratozoospermia no longer determines overall success rate in male subfertility.

International Journal of Andrology — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Brandes M, Hamilton CJ, van der Steen JO, de Bruin JP, Bots RS, Nelen WL, Kremer JA In this longitudinal multicentre cohort study, the overall ongoing pregnancy rate after current evidence-based management in male subfertility was studied. All subfertile couples who visited the fertility clinic for the first time between 2002 and 2006, and had male subfertility as a single diagnosis (n = 762 of 2476 couples), were included in this study. Couples were grouped by the severity of male factor. Group I (n = 541) had a total motile sperm count (TMSC) 1-20 × 10(6) . Group II (n = 161) had a TMSC <1 × 10(6) . Group III (n = 60) had azoospermia. The overall ongoing pregnancy rate was 65.5% (500/762). The overall ongoing pregnancy rates in group I (69.3%) an...

Techniques for microsurgical reconstruction of obstructive azoospermia

Indian Journal of Urology — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Joel L MarmarIndian Journal of Urology 2011 27(1):86-91About 10%-15% of infertile men present with azoospermia, and ductal obstruction is the cause in 40% of them. For about 25-30 years, microsurgical reconstruction was the only way to manage obstructive azoospermia, and several innovative techniques have been developed and implemented. Presently, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are available for these men as an alternative to surgery. Clinicians who treat these men must be familiar with all of these options, and many of the ART techniques have been covered in other sections of this symposium. However, the present article focuses on vasovasostomies and vasoepididymostomies. The intent of this review is to critique these microsurgical procedures, and present so...

Surgery for azoospermia in the Indian patient: Why is it different?

Indian Journal of Urology — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Rajeev KumarIndian Journal of Urology 2011 27(1):98-101Obstructive azoospermia is one of the few surgically correctable causes of male infertility. The outcomes of surgery in these patients are variable and often dependent upon the diagnosis and surgical expertise. We aimed to review the reported outcomes in Indian patients and evaluate potential reasons why these outcomes may be different from those reported from other regions. A search was performed on Medline/Pubmed using relevant keywords to identify publications from India on surgical management of azoospermia. The same search was repeated on Google and on the website of the Indian Journal of Urology. Personal emails were sent to prominent urologists performing surgery for azoospermia in India to obtain their opinions and reprints of ...

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Surgical sperm retrieval: Techniques and their indications

Indian Journal of Urology — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Rupin ShahIndian Journal of Urology 2011 27(1):102-109Men with azoospermia can father a child through intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection if sperm can be retrieved from their epididymis or testis. Several percutaneous and open surgical procedures have been described to retrieve sperm. The various techniques and their merits are discussed in this review. In men with obstructive azoospermia, epididymal sperm can usually be retrieved by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA). If PESA fails then testicular sperm are obtained by needle aspiration biopsy (NAB). In men with non-obstructive azoospermia, there will be no sperm in the epididymis and testicular sperm retrieval is required. Percutaneous retrieval by NAB can be tried first. If that fails then testicular sperm extraction (TESE) f...

In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male infertility

Indian Journal of Urology — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The objective of this review is to highlight the indications, advantages, limitations, outcomes, implications and safety of using IVF/ICSI for male factor infertility to enable a more judicious use of these techniques and maximize their potential benefits while minimizing foreseen complications. (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)

The value of epididymal protease inhibitor in differential diagnosis between obstructive azoospermia and non‐obstructive azoospermia

Andrologia — Mon, 28 Mar 2011 15:21:06 +0100

Periodontal status of males attending an in vitro fertilization clinic.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology — Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: These findings may point to a possible association between male infertility, diminished semen quality and periodontal infections in men attending fertility and IVF clinics. PMID: 21443558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Clinical Periodontology)

Decrease of anti‐Mullerian hormone in genetic spermatogenic failure

Andrologia — Sat, 26 Mar 2011 02:35:04 +0100

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) plasma levels in patients with azoospermia according to the physiopathology. In a prospective clinical study from April 2008 to March 2009 in University Hospital, we measured AMH levels in 49 consecutive patients with azoospermia. AMH plasma levels were correlated with FSH, inhibin B, bioavailable testosterone plasma levels and testicular volume and compared between nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and obstructive azoospermia (OA) and within four physiopathological subgroups of NOA: genetic, cryptorchidism, cytotoxic and unexplained. AMH, FSH, inhibin B, bioavailable testosterone plasma levels and testicular volumes were all related to each other. AMH plasma levels were lower in NOA relatively to OA. Lowest values w...

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Testicular gene expression in cryptorchid boys at risk of azoospermia.

Thu, 24 Mar 2011 13:15:04 +0100

This study aimed to analyze data on whole genome expression signatures of undescended testes at risk of developing azoospermia. Twenty-three testicular biopsies from 22 boys were analyzed (19 testes from 18 boys with cryptorchidism and 4 contralateral descended testes from patients with testicular agenesis). Expression profiling identified 483 genes not or under-expressed in the azoospermia risk group compared with the control and low risk for azoospermia (LAZR) groups. Annotated loci were associated with spermatogenesis. Other significant genes were cellular defense response genes and hormone-controlled loci involved in spermatogenesis. Some genes transcribed in normal adult meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells are activated in healthy juvenile Ad spermatogonia. Thus, molecular events init...

Clinical outcome of emergency egg vitrification for women when sperm extraction from the testicular tissues of the male partner is not successful.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine — Tue, 22 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In this report, we review the cases of 15 women with male partners who were diagnosed with nonobstructive azoospermia and for whom testicular sperm extraction on the day of oocyte retrieval failed. Emergency oocyte vitrification was performed and after two months, the vitrified oocytes were warmed and the surviving oocytes inseminated with frozen-thawed donor sperm by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). A total of 117 mature oocytes from the 15 women were vitrified and warmed. The post-warming survival rate was 84.6% (99/117), and the fertilization rate following ICSI was 83.8% (83/99). We selected 30 embryos for transfer to 15 patients, 8 of whom became pregnant. The clinical pregnancy rate was 53.3% (8/15) and the implantation rate was 30.0% (9/30). Nine healthy live births resulted...

Male infertility: Pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 16 Mar 2011 17:01:53 +0100

Infertility affects about 7% of all men. The etiology of impaired sperm production and function can be related to factors acting at pre-testicular, post-testicular or directly at the testicular level. Primary testicular failure accounts for about 75% of all male factor infertility. Genetic factors can be identified in about 15% of cases (congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, congenital absence of vas deferens, primitive testicular failure). Despite progresses, mainly in the field of genetics, the etiology is still unknown in about 50% cases and it is termed “idiopathic infertility”. A part from few exceptions, the only available therapy for male factor infertility is assisted reproduction which allows conception also in severe male factor, including azoospermia following testicula...

Comparison of semen quality and outcome of assisted reproductive techniques in Chinese men with and without hepatitis B.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on sperm quality and the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART). A total of 916 men (457 HBV-positive and 459 HBV-negative) seeking fertility assistance from January 2008 to December 2009 at the Women's Hospital in the School of Medicine at Zhejiang University were analysed for semen parameters. Couples in which the men were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-seropositive were categorized as HBV-positive and included 587 in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and 325 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles from January 2004 to December 2009; negative controls were matched for female age, date of ova retrieval, ART approach used (IVF or ICSI) and randomized in a ratio of 1:1 according to the ART t...

Aberrant DNA methylation at imprinted genes in testicular sperm retrieved from men with obstructive azoospermia and post vasectomy reversal.

Reproduction — Wed, 09 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Minor A, Chow V, Ma S Male factor infertility has been associated with abnormal DNA methylation at imprinted genes. Little information is available on the status of imprinting in the sperm of men with azoospermia, including the association between aberrant imprinting and obstructive azoospermia (OA) or non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Analysis of DNA methylation at imprinted genes in the sperm of men undergoing vasectomy reversal would aid to determine whether aberrant imprinting is associated with obstruction. Testicular sperm was retrieved from testicular biopsies obtained from men with azoospermia (N=18), including OA (N=10), NOA (N=5), and unknown pathology (N=3), and from men undergoing vasectomy reversal (N=17). Sperm was also obtained from proven fertile men (N=9). DN...

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Azoospermia related to a unique karyotype: 45,XY,-13,-19,+der(19)t(13;19)(q12;p13).

J Appl Genet — Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fu C, Yun X, Dong Y, Wu BY, Han RR, Liu RZ PMID: 21384226 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: J Appl Genet)

Vesiculectomy with laparoscopic partial prostatectomy in the treatment of primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle with carcinomatous transformation of the ejaculatory duct.

Actas Urologicas Espanolas — Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: We describe a new integral approach for the radical surgery of localized primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle. Despite its exceptional nature, the case allowed for a double reflection: a) The study of diffusion with MRI may suggest the diagnosis of malignity in this type of lesions; and b) Radical surgical treatment must include exeresis of the central portion of the prostate gland. PMID: 21388710 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Actas Urologicas Espanolas)

Increased frequency of micronuclei in lymphocytes of infertile males after exposure to gamma irradiation: a possible sign of genomic instability

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Wed, 02 Mar 2011 07:11:32 +0100

Conclusions This study indicates that genomic instability in infertile men could probably contribute to the development of an impaired reproductive capacity. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9550-8Authors Sahar Moghbeli-Nejad, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, IranHossein Mozdarani, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, IranAshraf Aleyasin, Infertility Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran Journal Journal of Assisted Reproduction and GeneticsOnline ISSN 1573-7330Print ISSN 1058-0468 (Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics)

Clinical analyses of 81 infertile and 20 testicular tumor men with suspected X-chromosome-linked gene anomalies in Japan

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:48:50 +0100

Abstract A total of 101 cases of 81 infertile men and 20 men with testicular tumors were analyzed clinically for suspected X-chromosome-linked gene abnormalities. Among the 81 infertile men analyzed by testicular biopsy, 11 Klinefelter syndrome (KS) cases showed Leydig cell nodular hyperplasia with azoospermia. They had low levels of testosterone (131 ± 81 ng/dl) and high levels of luteinizing hormone (21 ± 7 mIU/ml) and follicle-stimulating hormone (36 ± 11 mIU/ml). From Leydig cell hyperplasia combined with atrophic tubules, X-linked androgen receptor dysfunctions in Sertoli and Leydig cells were judged in the KS cases. One azoospermia case of non-KS had primary yolk sac tumor of the mediastinum and liver. The removed yolk sac tumor showed co...

Duration of Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction Procedures: Relationship to Sperm Retrieval Success

The Journal of Urology — Mon, 21 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The chance of sperm retrieval during microdissection testicular sperm extraction was best during the first 2 hours of the operation. However, sperm were still found in up to 37% of men who required greater than 4 hours of microdissection. Retrospective analysis of our data indicated no cutoff point after which sperm retrieval was uniformly unsuccessful. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

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Perineal-guided endoscopic extraction of ejaculatory duct stones to treat obstructive azoospermia

Fertility and Sterility — Mon, 21 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): This new technique allows a more rapid and targeted identification of ejaculatory duct lithiasis, and the ureteroscope enables management of distal seminal stones through the normal anatomic tract. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Variants in CFTR untranslated regions are associated with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens

Journal of Medical Genetics — Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions As the vas deferens seems to be one of the tissues most susceptible to a reduction in the normal CFTR transcripts levels, and as two mild mutations are sufficient to induce CBAVD phenotype, these findings raise the possibility that these uncommon variants may be a novel cause of CBAVD. (Source: Journal of Medical Genetics)

A novel partial deletion of the Y chromosome azoospermia factor c region is caused by non-homologous recombination between palindromes and may be associated with increased sperm counts

Human Reproduction — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS We have found a novel subclass of partial AZFc deletions that results from NHR. One deletion, the P3c deletion, might be associated with increased sperm count. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Birth after TESE-ICSI in a man with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and congenital adrenal hypoplasia linked to a DAX-1 (NR0B1) mutation

Human Reproduction — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report the first case of paternity after TESE–ICSI in a patient with DAX1 mutation, giving potential hope to these patients to father non-affected children. Furthermore, this case illustrates the fact that patients with X-linked AHC have a primary testicular defect in addition to HH. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Testicular Gene Expression in Cryptorchid Boys at Risk of Azoospermia

Karger Publishers — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 15:18:18 +0100

Sex Dev (DOI:10.1159/000323955) (Source: Karger Publishers)

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Severe male infertility after failed ICSI treatment - a phenomenological study of men's experiences

Reproductive Health — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Knowledge of men's experiences of their own infertility is important as a supporting measure to increase the quality of care of infertile couples. By adopting this facet of gender perspective in fertility treatment guidelines, care can hopefully be optimized. (Source: Reproductive Health)

Klinefelter syndrome: does it confer a bad prognosis in treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia?

Fertility and Sterility — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Sperm recovery rates in men with KS were similar to those of men with NOA and normal karyotypes. The fertilization rate was statistically significantly lower for men with KS than men with NOA, but pregnancy and abortion rates were similar. We observed good sperm recovery and ICSI outcomes for patients with KS. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Slow oocyte freezing and thawing in couples with no sperm or an insufficient number of sperm on the day of in vitro fertilization

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 02 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The slow oocyte freezing and thawing is a valuable method when no or insufficient number of sperm are available on the day of in vitro fertilization. The quality of sperm is an important factor affecting the clinical outcome achieved by frozen-thawed oocytes. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

History of cryptorchidism and ejaculate volume as simple predictors for the presence of testicular sperm.

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine — Wed, 02 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, the possible predictive value of very simple parameters such as systematic history, clinical examination, and determination of ejaculate volume have been evaluated. Two-hundred and sixty-two consecutive non-vasectomized men with azoospermia/aspermia were evaluated by systematic history, clinical examination, ultrasonography of the scrotal content, and hormonal and genetic analyses. Hormonal analyses included, as a minimum, determination of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone, while genetic analyses included karyotyping and examination for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations and Y microdeletions. In seventy-six cases (29%) genetics was the most likely cause of azoospermia. For men with at least one ...

Penile anthropometry in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Lupus — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we have identified reduced penile dimensions in SLE patients with no deleterious effect in erectile function. Disease onset before first ejaculation seems to affect penis development in pre-pubertal lupus. PMID: 21282296 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Lupus)

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The value of testicular 'mapping' in men with non-obstructive azoospermia.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Beliveau ME, Turek PJ As the field of assisted reproduction has advanced, many previously untreatable men are now biological fathers. Although finding sperm in men with obstructive azoospermia is not difficult, locating and retrieving spermatozoa in men with non-obstructive azoospermia remains a clinical challenge, largely because sperm production in these men can be patchy or focal in nature. In response to this challenge, strategies such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) mapping have been developed to find spermatozoa. This review discusses the history, evolution and current clinical utility and findings with FNA mapping for male infertility). Review of the current literature in the English language on FNA (diagnostic or therapeutic) with a keyword focuses on sperm detection, ...

Prediction of sperm retrieval in men with non-obstructive azoospermia using artificial neural networks: leptin is a good assistant diagnostic marker

Human Reproduction — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS ANNs improve the prediction accuracy of sperm retrieval. Although the leptin AUC is low, combined use of leptin and FSH can significantly improve the prediction accuracy for sperm recovery in NOA patients. Leptin may be a good assistant marker for diagnosing NOA. However, studies with larger numbers of patients are required to confirm the improved predictive performance of ANNs. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Pumilio1 and Pumilio2 during Xenopus Oocyte Maturation [Developmental Biology]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we characterized Pum1 and Pum2 biochemically by using newly produced antibodies that discriminate between them. Pum1 and Pum2 are bound to several key proteins involved in translational control of dormant mRNAs, including CPEB and DAZL, in immature oocytes. However, Pum1 and Pum2 themselves have no physical interaction. Injection of anti-Pum1 or anti-Pum2 antibody accelerated CPEB phosphorylation, cyclin B1 translation, and oocyte maturation. Pum1 phosphorylation coincides with the dissociation of CPEB from Pum1 and the translational activation of cyclin B1 mRNA, a target of Pum1, whereas Pum2 phosphorylation occurred at timing earlier than that for Pum1. Some, but not all, of cyclin B1 mRNAs release the deadenylase PARN during oocyte maturation, whereas Pum1 remains associa...

Successful Repeat Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction in Men With Nonobstructive Azoospermia

The Journal of Urology — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The follicle-stimulating hormone level and testicular volume at the repeat attempt appear to have predictive value to determine the success of a second attempt. These observations are interesting since testicular volume and follicle-stimulating hormone in men with nonobstructive azoospermia do not predict sperm retrieval at a primary microdissection testicular sperm extraction attempt. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

The number of spermatozoa collected with testicular sperm extraction is a novel predictor of intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome in non-obstructive azoospermic patients.

Asian Journal of Andrology — Mon, 17 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cavallini G, Cristina Magli M, Crippa A, Resta S, Vitali G, Pia Ferraretti A, Gianaroli L The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between monitors of spermatogenesis and predictors of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Seventy-nine patients with NOA (mean age: 43.6±5.2 years), each of whom yielded (97 000±3040) spermatozoa with conventional TESE, were considered in our analysis. Their partners (mean age: 35.8±5.1 years) underwent a total of 184 ICSI cycles; 632 oocytes were collected, 221 oocytes were injected, 141 oocytes were fertilized, 121 embryos were obtained, 110 embryos were transferred, 14 clinical pregnancies were achieved and on...

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Fresh MESA improved embryo fertilization, cleavage, blastula formation and implantation rates after failed TESA in couples with obstructive azoospermia.

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Thu, 06 Jan 2011 17:55:22 +0100

Conclusions In patients undergoing IVF-TESA-ICSI with obstructive azoospermia resulting in poor cleavage rates, blastulation rates and cycle failure, a repeat cycle with MESA may result in marked improvement in outcome. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10815-010-9533-1Authors Martin D. Keltz, St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY USAElisheva M. Rovner, St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY USAEric Gonzalez, St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY USADavid Weiner, St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY USA Journal Journal of Assisted Reproduction and GeneticsOnline ISSN 1573-7330Print ISSN 1058-0468 (Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics)

A Novel RNA-Recognition-Motif Protein Is Required for Premeiotic G1/S-Phase Transition in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

PLoS Genetics — Thu, 06 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, we discover a novel RNA-recognition-motif (RRM) protein in rice (Oryza sativa L.), designated MEL2, and demonstrate that MEL2 is required for the faithful transition of germ cells from mitosis to meiotic cell cycle. Rice MEL2 shows partial similarity with human DAZAP1, which is an RRM protein and relates to Azoospermia syndrome in human, while there are critical structural differences between germline-specific RRM proteins of mammals and plants. Our findings will lead the molecular-biological studies of plant meiotic entry to the next steps and will enable a comparison of the systems of meiotic entry between animals and plants. (Source: PLoS Genetics)

Role of Genetics in Azoospermia

Urology — Mon, 03 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: As a result of advancements in ART, understanding the potential implications of genetic disorders for infertile couples is critical. Analysis of a potential genetic role in azoospermia holds promise to expand our knowledge to evaluate male infertility and to guide treatments. (Source: Urology)

Targeted inactivation of the androgen receptor gene in murine proximal epididymis causes epithelial hypotrophy and obstructive azoospermia.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Krutskikh A, De Gendt K, Sharp V, Verhoeven G, Poutanen M, Huhtaniemi I PMID: 21209053 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

[Treatment of azoospermia : Surgical sperm retrieval (MESA, TESE, micro-TESE).]

Der Urologe. Ausg. A — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Diemer T, Hauptmann A, Weidner W The introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) into the spectrum of assisted reproductive technologies has offered men who suffer from severe disorders of spermatogenesis and azoospermia the possibility of fathering a child. Different surgical techniques can be used to extract spermatozoa from these men from either the epididymis and/or the testis. Surgical sperm retrieval offers a treatment for patients with testicular and/or obstructive azoospermia in cases where microsurgical refertilization is not an option or has already failed. Among surgical techniques that have been explored over the years, microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) have become the most popular. Percutaneous tech...

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[Cryptorchidism and infertility from the perspective of interdisciplinary guidelines.]

Der Urologe. Ausg. A — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mathers MJ, Degener S, Roth S Cryptorchidism is the most common genital disorder in boys. Early-born boys are affected in up to one third of the cases, while about 2-5% of full-term newborns suffer from at least one undescended testicle. As a result of short-term endogenous testosterone secretion after birth the prevalence decreases to 1-2% after 3 months. According to most studies, watchful waiting after 6 months is not justified because after this time spontaneous testicular descent only very rarely occurs. Even though the effects of testicular development and fertility in undescended testis have been extensively examined, the only fact that remains certain is that approximately 90% of untreated men with bilateral cryptorchidism develop azoospermia. The remaining scenarios...

Finasteride-associated male infertility

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 30 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Cessation of finasteride improved spermatogenesis and allowed the couple to attempt less-invasive fertility therapy. In this case, the patient had impaired spermatogenesis before he started the drug. In such patients, the drug may further decrease spermatogenesis. We suggest that drug cessation could be taken into consideration for infertile male patients with impaired semen parameters who are taking finasteride at a 1-mg dose. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

The role of varicocele repair in nonobstructive azoospermia must be evaluated with controlled trials rather than observational studies

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Certainly, varicoceles can have a substantive effect on sperm production in infertile males. In addition, varicocele repair may optimize sperm production. However, additional studies and evaluation of the role of varicocele repair in men with this condition (nonobstructive azoospermia) are warranted. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

A rational approach to the management of varicocele-associated nonobstructive azoospermia

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 23 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

A consensus needs to be reached on a rational approach to infertile men with varicocele-associated nonobstructive azoospermia. Future studies are warranted to understand the mechanism behind the variable influence of varicocele on testicular function, which causes partial or complete damage of spermatogenesis in some cases and leaves it unaltered in others. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Androgen Receptor Expression in the Caput Epididymal Epithelium Is Essential for Development of the Initial Segment and Epididymal Spermatozoa Transit.

Endocrinology — Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: O'Hara L, Welsh M, Saunders PT, Smith LB The epididymis plays an essential role in male fertility, and disruption of epididymal function can lead to obstructive azoospermia. Formation and function of the epididymis is androgen-dependent. The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in both the stromal and epithelial compartments of the epididymis, and androgen action mediated via stromal cells is vital for its normal development and function. However the impact of epithelial specific AR-dependent signaling in the epididymis remains underexplored. To address this, we used conditional gene-targeting in mice to selectively ablate AR from the caput epididymal epithelium, and characterized the resulting phenotype at multiple postnatal ages. Caput epithelium androgen receptor knock-out m...

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[Non-obstuctive azoospermia: Option of the testicular sperm extraction performed on the day of oocyte retrieval.]

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: After TESE in NOA men, cryopreserved sperm produced comparable results with freshly obtained sperm. However, TESE performed on dOR can offer the opportunity, in patients with rare sperm that might not survive freeze-thaw, to have a possible fresh embryo transfer. Couples should be counselled regarding the possibility of oocyte retrieval without sperm for ICSI. PMID: 21183293 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction)

Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin A in testicular biopsies of fertile and infertile men: correlation with the morphometry of seminiferous tubules

Andrologia — Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin A in testicular biopsies of different spermatogenic disorders correlating with the morphology of seminiferous tubules using morphometry tools. Immunohistochemical evaluation of cyclin A was carried out on testicular biopsies obtained from 48 infertile males (nonobstructive azoospermia) and 15 normal subjects together with using semiautomatic morphometric analysis for evaluation of seminiferous tubules. Cyclin A is expressed in 100% of normal and hypospermatogenesis groups and in 80% of maturation arrest group, with complete absence in Sertoli cell only group. In positive cases, cyclin A stained the nuclei of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes with a higher intensity of expression in normal cases compared with in...

Reciprocal balanced translocation: infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortions in a family

Andrologia — Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

SummaryIn this case report we present a family with infertile, azoospermic but otherwise apparently healthy males with history of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) in females. Karyotype of the infertile man revealed a reciprocal balanced translocation t(8; 13) with breakpoints at 8q22 and 13p11.2. The reported reciprocal balanced translocation is associated with azoospermia. The same translocation is probably the cause of RSA in females of the family. (Source: Andrologia)

[Semen analysis : Spermiogram according to WHO 2010 criteria.]

Der Urologe. Ausg. A — Thu, 16 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gottardo F, Kliesch S Semen analysis plays a key role in the diagnostics of male infertility. Semen analysis has to be performed according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. The updated version of the WHO manual was completed at the end of 2009 and published in 2010. Standard procedures in semen analysis include evaluation of sperm concentration, motility, morphology and vitality. In this new version particular attention has been paid to internal and external quality control, helping to identify and correct incidental and systematic errors both in routine analysis as well as in the field of research. The new manual describes all laboratory solutions, procedures and calculation formulas, and focuses on the definition of cryptozoospermia or azoospermia. A chapter conce...