MedWorm: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Body dysmorphic disorder in dermatology: diagnosis, epidemiology and clinical aspects

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia — Sun, 28 Feb 2010 14:01:59 +0100

São cada vez mais frequentes as queixas cosméticas, uma vez que objetivam a perfeição das formas do corpo e da pele. Os dermatologistas são consultados para avaliar e tratar essas queixas. Sendo assim, é importante conhecer o Transtorno Dismórfico Corporal, inicialmente chamado de "dismorfofobia", pouco estudado até recentemente. Esse transtorno é relativamente comum, por vezes, incapacitante, e envolve uma percepção distorcida da imagem corporal, caracterizada pela preocupação exagerada com um defeito imaginário na aparência ou com um mínimo defeito corporal presente. A maioria dos pacientes apresenta algum grau de prejuízo no funcionamento social e ocupacional, e como resultado de suas queixas obsessivas com a aparência, podem desenvolver comportamentos compulsivos, e, ...

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High-Dose Glycine Treatment of Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a 5-Year Period

Neural Plasticity — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 16:46:53 +0100

This paper describes an individual who was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) at age 17 when education was discontinued. By age 19, he was housebound without social contacts except for parents. Adequate trials of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, two with atypical neuroleptics, were ineffective. Major exacerbations following ear infections involving Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus at ages 19 and 20 led to intravenous immune globulin therapy, which was also ineffective. At age 22, another severe exacerbation followed antibiotic treatment for H. pylori. This led to a hypothesis that postulates deficient signal transduction by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Treatment with glycine, an NMDAR coagonist, over 5 y...

Visual Processing, Frontostriatal Abnormalities Found in Patients With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 21:26:32 +0100

A new case-control study shows that patients with body dysmorphic disorder have frontostriatal abnormalities and difficulties with visual processing when viewing their own faces. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Visual Processing Plays Role in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

MedlinePlus Health News — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 22:00:00 +0100

Brain area related to behavior also affects how patients see themselves, research finds Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Topic: Mental Health (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

In People With Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Distorted Self-Image Could Be The Result Of The Brain's Abnormal Processing Of Visual Input

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Everyone checks themselves in the mirror now and then, but that experience can be horrifying for individuals suffering from body dysmorphic disorder, or BDD, a psychiatric condition that causes them to believe, wrongly, that they appear disfigured and ugly. These people tend to fixate on minute details - every tiny blemish looms huge - rather than viewing their face as a whole. Now researchers at UCLA have determined that the brains of people with BDD have abnormalities in processing visual input, particularly when examining their own face... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

In People With Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Distorted Self-Image Could Be The Result Of The Brain's Abnormal Processing Of Visual Input

Neurology / Neuroscience News From Medical News Today — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 08:00:00 +0100

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Face-Haters Have Abnormal Visual Processing (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Psychiatry — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 15:43:13 +0100

Patients with body dysmorphic disorder have abnormal brain activity when viewing their own faces, researchers say. (Source: MedPage Today Psychiatry)

Study finds clue to why some feel ugly

Scotsman.com News - Health — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

PEOPLE who have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) may see themselves as ugly because of the way their brains process information about faces (Source: Scotsman.com News - Health)

New clues found in body image disorder

CNN.com - Health — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 22:41:05 +0100

An obsession with one or more bodily features, normally in the face, indicates a condition called body dysmorphic disorder. A new study shows people with this condition have abnormal brain function when seeing their own face. (Source: CNN.com - Health)

Less than a pretty face: Brain scans show how a disorder leads individuals to perceive themselves as ugly

Scientific American Topic - Medical Technology — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 21:01:00 +0100

Despite living in a culture obsessed with physical flawlessness, most people in the U.S. have a relatively realistic perception of their own form and face--blemishes, bulges and all. About one to two percent of the population, however, suffers from a recognized psychological illness, known as body dysmorphic disorder (or BDD), which causes them to be preoccupied with physical defects that they think make them look repugnant. Such tendencies can lead some people to extreme and frequent plastic surgeries and even suicide. [More] (Source: Scientific American Topic - Medical Technology)

Less than a pretty face: Brain scans show how a disorder leads individuals to perceive themselves as ugly

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 21:01:00 +0100

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Abnormalities of Visual Processing and Frontostriatal Systems in Body Dysmorphic Disorder [Original Article]

Archives of General Psychiatry — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 20:51:36 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest abnormalities in visual processing and frontostriatal systems in BDD. Hypoactivation in the occipital cortex for low spatial frequency faces may indicate either primary visual system abnormalities for configural face elements or top-down modulation of visual processing. Frontostriatal hyperactivity may be associated both with aversion and with symptoms of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. (Source: Archives of General Psychiatry)

Why the mirror lies

UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Everyone checks themselves in the mirror now and then, but that experience can be horrifying for individuals suffering from body dysmorphic disorder, or BDD, a psychiatric condition that causes them to believe, wrongly, that they appear disfigured and ugly. These people tend to fixate on minute details — every tiny blemish looms huge — rather than viewing their face as a whole. Now researchers at UCLA have determined that the brains of people with BDD have abnormalities in processing visual input, particularly when examining their own face. Further, they found that the same systems of the brain are overactive in both BDD and obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggesting a link between the two. The research appears in the February issue of the journal Archives of General Psych...

Why the mirror lies

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 05:00:00 +0100

(University of California - Los Angeles) Researchers at UCLA have determined that the brains of people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a psychiatric condition that causes them, wrongly, to believe they appear disfigured and ugly, have abnormalities in processing visual input when it comes to examining their own face. Further, they found that the same systems of the brain are overactive in BDD and in obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggesting a link between the two. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a Hairdresser: Contact Dermatitis due to Voluntary Exposure to Occupationally Relevant Allergens.

Acta Derm Venereol A... — Sat, 30 Jan 2010 10:22:03 +0100

Authors: Matterne U, Shab A, Weisshaar E PMID: 20107741 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Derm Venereol A...)

The concept of comorbidity in somatoform disorder—a DSM-V alternative for the DSM-IV classification of Somatoform disorder

Journal of Psychosomatic Research — Wed, 09 Dec 2009 15:07:57 +0100

Somatoform disorders, first introduced as such in DSM-III, are a controversial category, and the concept of comorbidity seems to play an essential role in this controversy . Presentation of depressive disorder or other psychological distress by medical symptoms is common in many cultures as established in research in several countries and health care settings, and it has been established that depressed patients indeed do not feel well physically. This somatic presentation negatively influences recognition of the depressive disorder or other mental disorder by the general practitioner, which results in undertreatment of a majority of patients. Although comorbidity between somatoform disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders is high , it is not handled as an uniform criterion in the h...

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Bdd

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a form of mental illness in which the person is obsessed and/or preoccupied with an imagined defect or only slight anomaly in their appearance. Learn more about BDD (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Executive function in body dysmorphic disorder.

Psychological Medicine — Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that BDD patients have EF deficits in on-line manipulation, planning and organization of information. By contrast, spatial memory capacity, motor speed and visual memory were intact. Considered with evidence from lesion and neuroimaging studies, these results suggest frontal lobe dysfunction in BDD. PMID: 19951448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Psychological Medicine)

Side Effects Hinder Adherence in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Clinical Psychiatry News — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

HOLLYWOOD, FLA. — New treatment options for body dysmorphic disorder are becoming available, and success is built on patient adherence to medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy. But adherence proved to be a problem for about one-third of patients in a longitudinal observational study. (Source: Clinical Psychiatry News)

Correlates of Gender Dysphoria in Taiwanese University Students.

Archives of Sexual Behavior — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lai MC, Chiu YN, Gadow KD, Gau SS, Hwu HG There have been no published reports regarding the epidemiological and psychiatric features of gender dysphoria in non-clinical young adults. The current study aimed to investigate the demographics, co-occurring psychiatric symptoms, and perceived parenting style and family support in Taiwanese young adults with gender dysphoria. The sample consisted of 5010 university freshmen (male, 51.6%) with a mean age of 19.6 years (SD = 2.7) from a national university in Taiwan. The questionnaires used for this university-based survey included the Adult Self Report Inventory-4 for psychopathology (including gender dysphoria), the Parental Bonding Instrument for parenting style, and the Family APGAR for perceived family support. Results showed th...

Body image in patients with body dysmorphic disorder: Evaluations of and investment in appearance, health/illness, and fitness.

Body Image — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Didie ER, Kuniega-Pietrzak T, Phillips KA Body image is an important aspect of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) which has received little investigation. Ninety-two BDD participants who participated in one of three BDD pharmacotherapy studies completed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, which assesses attitudinal body image, specifically evaluations of and investment in appearance, health/illness, and physical fitness. Scores were compared to population norms. Compared to norms, BDD participants were significantly less satisfied with their appearance. Less satisfaction was associated with more severe BDD and greater delusionality. Men with BDD were significantly more invested in their appearance compared to male population norms. Compared to population norms,...

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Consider underlying body dysmorphic disorder in users of melanotan

British Journal of Dermatology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: British Journal of Dermatology)

Consider underlying body dysmorphic disorder in users of melanotan.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Affleck A PMID: 19919633 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

Cross-cutting issues and future directions for the OCD spectrum

Psychiatry Research — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:49:39 +0100

Abstract: The research planning agenda for DSM-V examined possible similarities in phenomenology, comorbidity, familial and genetic features, brain circuitry, and treatment response between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and several related disorders that are characterized by repetitive thoughts or behaviors. Such data support a re-examination of the DSM-IV-TR classification of OCD and the anxiety disorders, with possible inclusion of a group of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) in DSM-V. Various disorders were systematically examined for inclusion in such a grouping, and later a smaller number were determined to meet threshold criteria for inclusion in the OCSDs. The disorders that were originally examined included OCD, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), ...

Predicting excessive body image concerns among British university students: The unique role of Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity.

Body Image — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Calogero RM, Park LE, Rahemtulla ZK, Williams KC The present research examined the extent to which interpersonal concerns about rejection based on appearance, or Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity (Appearance-RS), serves as an indicator of risk for excessive body image concerns. Extending previous research, we examined the association between Appearance-RS and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and cosmetic surgery attitudes among 106 British university students. Consistent with predictions, Appearance-RS uniquely predicted greater degree of BDD symptoms after controlling for other known predictor variables. Also, as expected, Appearance-RS uniquely predicted acceptance of cosmetic surgery for both intrapersonal and social reasons and greater consideration of havin...

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Review of Current Nosological Issues and Associated Cognitive Deficits

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 19:01:48 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

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Body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety and depressive symptoms in Chinese medical students

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology — Tue, 29 Sep 2009 04:00:09 +0100

Abstract Aim This cross-sectional study explored the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety and depressive symptoms in first-year medical students in China. Methods A self-report survey design was employed, using the Body Shape Questionnaire, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire, Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire. A total of 487 first-year medical students participated. Results About one-third of participants (32.5%) indicated that they were very concerned about some aspect of their appearance unrelated to weight, with six female participants (1.3%) screening positive for body dys...

The Mouse Who Couldn't Stop Washing: Pathologic Grooming in Animals and Humans.

CNS Spectrums — Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Feusner JD, Hembacher E, Phillips KA The basic science literature is replete with descriptions of naturally occurring or experimentally induced pathological grooming behaviors in animals, which are widely considered animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These animal models rely largely on observed similarities between animal behaviors and human OCD behaviors, and on studies of animal pathological grooming disorders that respond to serotonin enhancing drugs. However, current limitations in assessment of complex cognition and affect in animals precludes the field's ability to match the driving primary processes behind observable phenomenology in animal "OCD" with human behavioral disorders. We propose that excessive grooming behaviors in animals may eventually pr...

The Relationship Between the Drive for Muscularity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Male and Female Weight Trainers

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Robert, CA, Munroe-Chandler, KJ, and Gammage, KL. The relationship between the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia in male and female weight trainers. J Strength Cond Res 23(6): 1656-1662, 2009-Muscle dysmorphia is a form of body dysmorphic disorder in which individuals have a pathological preoccupation with their muscularity and, more specifically, an extreme fear that their bodies are too small. Relatively few empirical studies have been completed on muscle dysmorphia, and even fewer studies on the relationship between the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia in men and women. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia in male (n = 55) and female (n = 59) recreational weight trainers. Results reveale...

Efficacy of Treatment for Somatoform Disorders: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials [INFLUENTIAL PUBLICATIONS]

FOCUS — Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: CBT is the best established treatment for a variety of somatoform disorders, with some benefit also demonstrated for a consultation letter to the primary care physician. Preliminary but not yet conclusive evidence exists for antidepressants. (Reprinted with permission from Psychosomatic Medicine 2007; 69:881–888) (Source: FOCUS)

The Mothers Act Disease Mongering Campaign - Part II

NaturalNews.com — Mon, 27 Jul 2009 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) The Mothers Act legislation specifically defines the term "postpartum conditions" as "postpartum depression" or "postpartum psychosis." Use of the Act as an 8-year disease mongering campaign to further promote the new cottage industry of "reproductive psychiatry," or "reproductive mental health," comes from websites often run by people who will financially benefit from passage of the Act.In 1992, the late journalist Lynn Payer wrote a book titled, "Disease Mongering," and defined disease mongering as, "trying to convince essentially well people that they are sick, or slightly sick people that they are very ill."Tactics identified in the book currently used in the Mothers Act campaign include: (1) Framing the issues in a particular way, (2) Taking a normal function and implyin...

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Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Fri, 10 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100

This study assessed demographic and clinical features in 65 subjects with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and compared the 39 (60%) with the delusional form (receiving an additional diagnosis of delusional disorder, somatic type) with those who did not meet delusionality criteria. Delusional and nondelusional patients did not statistically differ on most demographic and clinical variables. Delusional patients, however, had significantly more severe BDD symptoms at both baseline and follow-up assessments than those of nondelusional patients. Furthermore, poorer insight was significantly associated with more severe BDD symptoms at both baseline and follow-up. Overall improvement in BDD symptom severity was similar for the 2 groups. Our results support other studies in the view that BDD and it...

The relationship of hypercompetitiveness and gender roles with body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in a nonclinical sample.

Body Image — Wed, 08 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study examined whether hypercompetitiveness was a moderator between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms and gender roles in 345 college students. To test this, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report (BDDE-SR), the Hypercompetitive Attitude Scale, and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) were used. Significant positive correlations were found between BDD symptoms and hypercompetitiveness in men and women. For men and women, no significant correlation was found between female-valued items on the PAQ and the BDDE-SR. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between male-valued items on the PAQ and the BDDE-SR for both genders. Hypercompetitiveness, however, was found not to be a moderator between BDD symptoms and gender roles. PMID: 19596621...

[Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery: assessment of 24 subjects with a minimal defect in appearance 5 years after their request for cosmetic surgery]

Presse Medicale — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 18:13:19 +0100

CONCLUSION: This prospective study confirms that cosmetic surgery is not effective against BDD despite patients' reported satisfaction. Cosmetic surgery had no significant effects on BDD diagnosis, handicap or psychiatric comorbidity in BDD patients 5 years after surgery. Furthermore, BDD appeared at follow-up in some subjects not initially diagnosed. Patients' reported satisfaction with surgery may help explain why some plastic surgeons do not consider BDD a complete contraindication to cosmetic surgery. PMID: 19359130 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Presse Medicale)

Psychodermatology

Psychiatry — Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This article provides the reader with an overview of the current evidence-based concepts regarding the nature and treatment of disorders within the field of psychodermatology. Psychiatric comorbidity is high in patients with dermatological conditions and stress has a significant impact on the presentation and course of skin disease. Many of the psychophysiological disorders respond to a bio-psychosocial model of management where the reduction of stress in a key therapeutic target. In addition, psychodermatologists are often called upon to treat complex psychiatric disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder and delusional parasitosis. Managing such a patient group requires considerable clinical skill but treatment options are slowly gathering bodies of evidence to support their efficacy and...

Multidimensional body image comparisons among patients with eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and clinical controls: a multisite study.

Body Image — Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study examined the multidimensional nature of body image functioning among individuals with either anorexia nervosa (AN; n=35), bulimia nervosa (BN; n=26), or BDD (n=56), relative to female (n=34) and male (n=36) psychiatric controls. Participants were recruited from 10 treatment centers in the United States and England and completed psychometrically validated and standardized self-report measures of body image. Overall, the AN, BN, and BDD groups were characterized by significantly elevated disturbances in most body image dimensions relative to their gender-matched clinical controls. There was variability, however, in the comparisons among the three groups of interest, including foci of body dissatisfaction and body image coping patterns. On omnibus indices of body image disturbance ...

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Demystifying Treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Psych Central — Mon, 04 May 2009 13:34:55 +0100

Some dismiss body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) as vanity; others believe it’s a rare and extreme condition. Though many misconceptions continue to circulate, BDD is a real, fairly common body image disorder. It affects men and women equally and has shades of severity. Fortunately, BDD can be successfully treated with medication and psychotherapy. In fact, both cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs or SRIs) are considered the first line of treatment for BDD, according to Jennifer L. Greenberg, Psy.D, Clinical and Research Fellow in Psychology (Psychiatry) at the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School. Here’s a closer look at how this underdiagnosed, often misconstrued condition is treated in adults and adolescents. CBT Techni...

Perinatal risk factors and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders in patients with rheumatic fever

General Hospital Psychiatry — Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) include psychiatric conditions with similar phenotypes and putative genetic background to those of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Such conditions include tic disorders, body dysmorphic disorder and pathologic ‘grooming’ habits (trichotillomania, pathologic onychophagia and skin picking) in addition to OCD . (Source: General Hospital Psychiatry)

Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders: a review of the evidence-based treatments.

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry — Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: As in OCD, several conditions in the proposed OCSD benefit from SRIs and (or) cognitive-behavioural interventions. However, the treatment literature is generally limited, and more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to evaluate individual and combination treatments, for short-term use and as maintenance. PMID: 19497165 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder in University Students with Skin Diseases Compared with Healthy Controls.

Acta Derm Venereol A... — Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This study suggests that patients with skin disease have higher body dysmorphic disorder scores compared with healthy controls. PMID: 19479126 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Derm Venereol A...)

A prospective pilot study of levetiracetam for body dysmorphic disorder.

CNS Spectrums — Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies of levetiracetam for BDD are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. PMID: 19407724 [PubMed - in process] (Source: CNS Spectrums)

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OCD and BDD

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Sat, 25 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100

OCD has symptoms that often resemble other forms of mental illness. One of these illnesses is body dysmorphic disorder, a form of mental illness in which the person is obsessed and/or preoccupied with an imagined defect or only slight anomaly or in their appearance. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder among people presenting for cosmetic dental treatment: a comparative study of cosmetic dental patients and a general population sample

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology — Sun, 12 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results suggest that symptoms of BDD are relatively common among patients attending cosmetic clinics. It is important to assess the long-term effects of comprehensive cosmetic procedures, particularly in patients with disproportionate appearance concerns. (Source: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology)

Intensive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Clinical Case Studies — Sun, 29 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention has documented efficacy in adults with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) but has yet to be systematically studied in youth. With this in mind, the authors report on the case of "Amanda," a 16-year-old female with significantly impairing BDD symptoms. Following 17 sessions of intensive family-based CBT, Amanda exhibited marked improvement in her BDD symptoms as illustrated by a decrease in her score on the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Modification of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale from 27 at baseline to 10 at posttreatment. Therapeutic gains were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. This case study provides preliminary support for the use of intensive family-based CBT for adolescent BDD. (Source: Clinical Case Studie...

Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in Chilean dermatological patients

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

About.com Eating Disorders — Sat, 07 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Learn about a disorder that is similar to eating disorders but isn't one. Body dysmorphic disorder, a preoccupation with a perceived defect of a body part, can create debilitating stress. (Source: About.com Eating Disorders)

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To be Superman - the male looks obsession.

Australian Family Physician — Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100

DISCUSSION: Implications for general practitioners and clinicians are discussed together with the need for further local research in this area to enhance our understanding of the implications of extreme body image dissatisfaction in men, its prevalence, manifestations and treatment outcomes. PMID: 19283253 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Australian Family Physician)

Help Possible For People Obsessed With Imaginary Physical Flaws

ScienceDaily Headlines — Sat, 31 Jan 2009 01:00:00 +0100

New Cochrane review on pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for body dysmorphic disorder

Mental Health Specialist Library Newsfeed — Wed, 28 Jan 2009 13:29:28 +0100

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a condition characterised by a distressing and disabling preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance. Although few controlled trials have been done, and those that have been conducted were small, indicating that our findings should be used with caution unless confirmed by larger studies (some of which are ongoing), the results suggest that treatment with both medication or psychotherapy can be effective in treating the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. (Source: Mental Health Specialist Library Newsfeed)

Help Possible for People Obsessed With Imaginary Physical Flaws

Health Behavior News Service — Mon, 26 Jan 2009 23:47:35 +0100

1/20/2009, Cochrane Library, Worrying about a bad hair day or idly wishing for a more-perfect profile: we've all been there. However, people suffering from body dysmorphic disorder go far beyond that, obsessing over exaggerated or even imaginary physical defects, to the point where it affects their ability to work, attend school or have ordinary social contacts. (Source: Health Behavior News Service)

A Lack In Research And Effective Treatments For Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Depression News From Medical News Today — Wed, 21 Jan 2009 11:00:00 +0100

Medication and psychotherapy may be beneficial for patients suffering from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). But a new Cochrane Review found that much more research is required to determine the most effective treatment and whether both approaches should be used in combination. Body dysmorphic disorder affects as many as one in 20 people. (Source: Depression News From Medical News Today)

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Help Possible For People Obsessed With Imaginary Physical Flaws

Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today — Wed, 21 Jan 2009 10:00:00 +0100

Worrying about a bad hair day or idly wishing for a more-perfect profile: we've all been there. However, people suffering from body dysmorphic disorder go far beyond that, obsessing over exaggerated or even imaginary physical defects, to the point where it affects their ability to work, attend school or have ordinary social contacts. Now, a new review finds that both drug therapy and psychotherapy, alone or in combination, can effectively treat the condition. (Source: Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today)

Signs of body dysmorphic disorder

L.A. Times - Health — Sat, 10 Jan 2009 02:00:40 +0100

Surgery won't cure obsession (Source: L.A. Times - Health)

Self-esteem and personality in subjects with and without body dysmorphic disorder traits undergoing cosmetic rhinoplasty: preliminary data

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery — Wed, 31 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Different subgroups of patients are identified. The first group includes pessimistic, shy, insecure subjects; people with fragile and immature personality and poor self-esteem; individuals concerned about the way they look and those who spend more time thinking about it. The second group includes more confident subjects with stronger personality and greater self-esteem. A third, less differentiated group, includes more impulsive (high NS) subjects who spend an intermediate amount of time thinking about the way they look. Patients should be carefully screened and assessed before cosmetic surgery interventions to avoid frustration to both, clinicians and patients. (Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery)

Female cosmetic genital surgery.

Obstetrics and Gynecology — Wed, 24 Dec 2008 14:52:47 +0100

Authors: Goodman MP Genital plastic surgery for women has come under scrutiny and has been the topic of discussion in the news media, online, and in medical editorials. In the absence of measurable standards of care, lack of evidence-based outcome norms, and little standardization either in nomenclature or training requirements, concern has been raised by both ethicists and specialty organizations.Some women request alteration of their vulvas and vaginas for reasons of cosmesis, increasing self-esteem, and improving sexual function. Patients must be assured their surgeon is properly trained and should understand that few validated long-term safety or outcome data are presently available in this relatively new field. Women also should be made aware that, although they may wish to cosmet...

Suicidality in a placebo-controlled fluoxetine study of body dysmorphic disorder.

International Clinical Psychopharmacology — Thu, 18 Dec 2008 08:43:47 +0100

Page: 26DOI: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32831db2e9Authors: Phillips, Katharine A.; Kelly, Megan M. (Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology)

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder: When the Reflection Is Revolting

Psych Central — Wed, 12 Nov 2008 14:20:45 +0100

Pages: 1 2 Next » Fifteen-year-old Joel wakes up two hours before school to begin cleaning his face and covering up his bad skin. Many days this means he’s either late to school or doesn’t show up at all. He spends his entire allowance on skin care products and tanning to cure or camouflage his acne. When he does make it to school, he sits in the back of the classroom and takes frequent breaks to scrutinize his skin in the bathroom mirror. He convinces his parents to visit several dermatologists, to no avail. Joel can’t stop thinking that no one likes him and he’ll be alone for the rest of his life because of his appearance. No matter how many times his parents try to reassure him, Joel doesn’t buy it and continues to stress over his obvious flaws. When Joel and ...

Body dysmorphic disorder

MayoClinic.com Full Feed — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 06:00:00 +0100

— Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this mental disorder. Sponsored by:Chemotherapy.com - http://www.chemotherapy.com (Source: MayoClinic.com Full Feed)

Suicide Junkie

Psych Central — Mon, 03 Nov 2008 15:20:20 +0100

Approximately one million people commit suicide every year, according to the World Health Organization. Despite his best efforts, Steve Westwood is not one of them. “Suicide Junkie,” Westwood’s autobiography, details his long-term struggles with body dysmorphic disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression and self-harm and all his attempts at giving back the gift of life. Westwood exhibited signs of mental illness from an early age. As a young student he complained of “phantom” pains. His parents divorced. Bullies heightened his insecurity about his appearance. The opposite sex made him feel inadequate. And so he chose to cope with it all by using alcohol, recreational drugs, and self-harm. “I knew there was a world out there somewhere, people having lives ...

Occupational functioning and impairment in adults with body dysmorphic disorder.

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of individuals with BDD were unable to work because of psychopathology; most who worked reported impairment in occupational functioning. Certain clinical variables, including more severe and chronic BDD, were associated with not working. PMID: 18970904 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry)

Improvement of physical and psychological symptoms after breast reduction

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery — Fri, 24 Oct 2008 00:00:00 +0100

This study suggests that women who underwent breast reduction showed a significant improvement in both physical and psychological symptoms associated with macromastia and in their overall quality of life, 12 months postoperatively. Comparing pre- with postoperative scores obtained with the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination Self-Report (BDDE-SR23), the Short Form-36 Health Survey and the Symptom Inventory Questionnaire, the study objectively proves that breast reduction increases patient's satisfaction with their body image and improves their lives from both a psychological and relational point of view. (Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery)

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[Prevalence and comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder in psychiatric outpatients]

Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie — Sat, 27 Sep 2008 14:20:43 +0100

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of BDD in psychiatric outpatients who were referred for treatment of a depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder, or a somatoform disorder was 0.8%. There was a high comorbidity of BDD with depressive and anxiety disorders. PMID: 18785103 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie)

[Prevalence and comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder in psychiatric outpatients.]

Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie — Sat, 13 Sep 2008 11:54:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of bdd in psychiatric outpatients who were referred for treatment of a depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder, or a somatoform disorder was 0.8%. There was a high comorbidity of bdd with depressive and anxiety disorders. PMID: 18785103 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie)

Specialist South London Service Successful In Treating People With Severe Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Mental Health News From Medical News Today — Tue, 02 Sep 2008 08:00:00 +0100

A specialist service in south London has proved successful in reducing the severity of symptoms among people with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder. In November 2005, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published new guidelines for the treatment of OCD and body dysmorphic disorder. These guidelines propose a stepped-care approach, with six different levels depending on the severity of a person's symptoms and conditions. (Source: Mental Health News From Medical News Today)

[Treatment in Psychiatry] Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Treating an Underrecognized Disorder

Am J Psychiatry — Tue, 02 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Am J Psychiatry)

Body dysmorphic disorder: treating an underrecognized disorder.

The American Journal of Psychiatry — Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Phillips KA, Didie ER, Feusner J, Wilhelm S PMID: 18765493 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry)

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[Original papers] National service for adolescents and adults with severe obsessive-compulsive and body dysmorphic disorders

Psychiatric Bulletin — Fri, 29 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

We describe a new National Service for Refractory OCD; its rationale, treatments offered, referral criteria and expected clinical outcomes. RESULTS Initial results from one centre show an average 42% reduction in OCD symptoms at the end of treatment. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The operational challenges and potential generalisability of this model of healthcare delivery are discussed. We present a summary of the progress made so far in establishing a new, coherent National Service for Refractory OCD, 18 months after the NICE guideline was published. The aim of the paper is to educate clinicians about the service and describe its rationale, treatments offered, referral criteria and expected clinical outcomes. (Source: Psychiatric Bulletin)

[Original papers] Community model in treating obsessive-compulsive and body dysmorphic disorders

Psychiatric Bulletin — Fri, 29 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100

AIMS AND METHOD In November 2005, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence published guidelines for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder. These guidelines incorporated a stepped care approach with different interventions advised throughout the patient pathway. South West London and St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust devised a system of expert clinicians with special expertise in OCD/body dysmorphic disorder to help deliver this model of care. To aid the delivery of service it was decided to operationalise the definitions of severity of OCD/body dysmorphic disorder at each of the stepped-care levels. Examples are given as to how this has been applied in practice. Outcome is presented in terms of clinical hours ...

Delusional disorders in dermatology: a brief review.

Dermatol Online J — Fri, 22 Aug 2008 08:19:38 +0100

Authors: Robles DT, Romm S, Combs H, Olson J, Kirby P There are several unique psychiatric disorders that are likely to present to a dermatologist because of their accompanying skin complaints. Delusions of parasitosis (DP) is a fixed, false belief of parasitic infestation that may lead patients to compulsively self-mutilate while attempting to remove the non-existent parasites. Morgellons disease is a controversial condition characterized by a fixed belief that fibers that are imbedded or extruding from the skin; this condition is likely in the spectrum of DP. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance that causes significant distress and is associated with time consuming rituals, isolation, depression, and increased risk of suicide. Olfact...

Whenever this beauty looked in the mirror, her illness made her see a beast

the Mail online | Diet — Tue, 22 Jul 2008 07:35:46 +0100

Every time Danielle Nulty, 26, looked in the mirror she imagined she looked like a balding 80-year-old. It was only after 11 years of such irrational thoughts that she was diagnosed with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). (Source: the Mail online | Diet)

Whenever this beauty looked in the mirror, her illness made her see a beast

the Mail online | Health — Tue, 22 Jul 2008 07:13:52 +0100

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Whenever this beauty looked in the mirror, her illness made her see a beast

the Mail online | Health — Mon, 21 Jul 2008 22:52:48 +0100

Body dysmorphic disorder screening in maxillofacial outpatients presenting for orthognathic surgery.

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Fri, 18 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vulink NC, Rosenberg A, Plooij JM, Koole R, Bergé SJ, Denys D Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a severe psychiatric disease with delusions about defects in appearance for which patients seek surgical help. This is the first European study to determine the half-year prevalence of BDD in a maxillofacial outpatient clinic. A total of 160 patients with maxillofacial problems completed a validated self-report questionnaire, while a staff member scored maxillofacial defects on a severity scale. Twenty-eight (17%) patients had excessive concerns about their appearance, which negatively influenced their psychosocial functioning; 16 patients (10%; 95%CI 5-15%) screened positive for BDD. The high prevalence of problems related to psychosocial functioning and the occurrence of BDD ...

Considerations in male aging face consultation: psychologic aspects.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America — Thu, 17 Jul 2008 11:33:17 +0100

Authors: Daines SM, Mobley SR Historically, the male cosmetic surgery patient has been viewed as being highly psychopathologic. Recent studies have refuted this longheld belief. However, when conducting a male aging face consultation, it is important for cosmetic surgeons to perform a focused psychiatric assessment to screen for mentally-ill patients, who may not be good surgical candidates. Included in the spectrum of psychiatric diseases that should be recognized is body dysmorphic disorder, an illness characterized by distortions in body perception, which has a higher prevalence in the cosmetic surgery population. By taking a focused psychiatric history, the cosmetic surgeon can identify patients who have untreated psychiatric pathology and are not psychologically appropriate for su...

Body dysmorphic disorder: what you should know.

American Family Physician — Tue, 15 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: PMID: 18697505 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Family Physician)

The mirror lies: body dysmorphic disorder.

American Family Physician — Tue, 15 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hunt TJ, Thienhaus O, Ellwood A Body dysmorphic disorder is an increasingly recognized somatoform disorder, clinically distinct from obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and depression. Patients with body dysmorphic disorder are preoccupied with an imagined deficit in the appearance of one or more body parts, causing clinically significant stress, impairment, and dysfunction. The preoccupation is not explained by any other psychiatric disorder. Patients present to family physicians for primary care reasons and aesthetic or cosmetic procedures. Cosmetic correction of perceived physical deficits is rarely an effective treatment. Pharmacologic treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and nonpharmacologic treatment with cognitive behavior therapy are effe...

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Efficacy of olanzapine augmentation of paroxetine therapy in patients with severe body dysmorphic disorder

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences — Sat, 28 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences)

Efficacy of olanzapine augmentation of paroxetine therapy in patients with severe body dysmorphic disorder

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences — Thu, 12 Jun 2008 09:55:22 +0100

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Volume 62, Issue 3, Page 370, June 2008. (Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences)

Discrimination of facial appearance stimuli in body dysmorphic disorder.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology — Fri, 30 May 2008 14:11:56 +0100

Cognitive-behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) propose that information-processing biases--in particular, selective attention to a defect in one's appearance as well as improved aesthetical perception--might contribute to the development or maintenance of the disorder. In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that patients with BDD discriminate facial appearance stimuli more accurately than controls. Sixty female patients from a dermatological clinic participated in the study: 21 patients with BDD, 19 patients with disfiguring dermatological conditions, and 20 patients with nondisfiguring dermatological disorders. Participants rated dissimilarities between pictures of neutral faces that had been manipulated with regard to aesthetic characteristics. Manipulatio...

Lifetime anorexia nervosa in young men in the community: Five cases and their co-twins

International Journal of Eating Disorders — Wed, 23 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

To describe patterns, comorbidity, and outcomes from a case series of anorexia nervosa (AN) among young men from the general population and their co-twins.Men (N = 2,122) born between 1975 and 1979 from Finnish twin cohorts were screened for lifetime eating disorders by questionnaire. The administration of the short version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for screen positives led to a lifetime AN diagnosis in five participants, described here with their co-twins.In males, overweight commonly predated AN, and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, particularly of muscle dysmorphia, were common among the anorexia-discordant co-twins. Affective and anxiety disorders were present in both the probands and their co-twins.We found a strong familial clustering of AN, affective and a...

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Gender Differences and Prevalence in a Pakistani Medical Student Population

BioMed Central — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: BDD is fairly common in our medical student population, with a higher prevalence in males. Important gender differences in BDD symptomatology and reported body foci of concern were identified which reflected the influence of media on body image perception. The impact of cultural factors on the prevalence as well as gender differences in BDD symptomatology was also established. (Source: BioMed Central)

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The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in the United States adult population.

CNS Spectrums — Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: A study using clinically valid interviews is needed to evaluate these results. Such studies could inform treatment by documenting rates of seeking treatment from various sources, suicide attempt rates, and the prevalence of comorbid conditions. PMID: 18408651 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: CNS Spectrums)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America — Sat, 22 Mar 2008 22:12:43 +0100

This article discusses ways to identify patients who have body dysmorphic disorder and options for treating these patients, whether or not to perform cosmetic surgery, and when to refer for psychologic or psychiatric counseling. PMID: 18355708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America)

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

MedicineNet Skin General — Thu, 06 Mar 2008 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Body Dysmorphic DisorderCategory: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 5/18/2005Last Editorial Review: 3/6/2008 (Source: MedicineNet Skin General)

Understanding the psychology of the cosmetic patients

Dermatologic Therapy — Tue, 04 Mar 2008 21:47:01 +0100

Dermatologic Therapy, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 47-53, January 2008. ABSTRACT: Patients seeking cosmetic surgery commonly present with psychiatric disorders including body dysmorphic disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and histrionic personality disorder. A basic understanding of the characteristic features of ... (Source: Dermatologic Therapy)

Brazilian version of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination.

Sao Paulo Medical Journal — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The BDDE was successfully translated and adapted, with good internal consistency, reliability and construct validity. PMID: 18553030 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Sao Paulo Medical Journal)

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Body dysmorphic disorder: causes, characteristics, and clinical treatments.

Body Image — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neziroglu F, Cash TF PMID: 18358798 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Body Image)

Social learning theory and cognitive behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder.

Body Image — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neziroglu F, Khemlani-Patel S, Veale D Contemporary cognitive behavioral models of body dysmorphic disorder are reviewed, whereby the first by Neziroglu and colleagues emphasizes conditioning processes and relational frame theory and the latter by Veale emphasizes information processing. A brief review of the existing cognitive behavioral therapy research follows the presentation of the models. The majority of publications on BDD continue to deal with phenomenology and epidemiology, and much more research on cognitive behavioral treatment is needed. Treatment research should be geared towards testing elements of the models explicated in this article, and randomized controlled trials are greatly needed. PMID: 18337196 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Body Image)

Treating body dysmorphic disorder with medication: evidence, misconceptions, and a suggested approach.

Body Image — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100

We describe the importance of forming a therapeutic alliance with the patient, the need for psychoeducation, and other essential groundwork for successful treatment of BDD. We review available pharmacotherapy research, with a focus on serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, or SRIs), which are currently considered the medication of choice for BDD. Many patients have substantial improvement in core BDD symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, suicidality, and other aspects of BDD when treated with appropriate pharmacotherapy that targets BDD symptoms. We also discuss practical issues such as dosing, length of treatment, and potential side effects associated with the use of SRIs. In addition, we discuss pharmacotherapy approaches that can be tried if SRI treatment alone is not adeq...

The pathophysiology of body dysmorphic disorder.

Body Image — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100

This article reviews findings from genetic, brain lesion, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and psychopharmacological studies that have allowed us to develop a tentative model of the functional neuroanatomy of BDD. There is likely a complex interplay of dysfunctions in several brain networks underlying the pathophysiology of BDD. A combination of dysfunctions in frontal-subcortical circuits, temporal, parietal, and limbic structures, and possibly involving hemispheric imbalances in information processing, may produce both the characteristic symptoms and neurocognitive deficits seen in BDD. An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of BDD will be crucial to guide the development of better treatments. PMID: 18314401 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Body Image)

Clinical considerations for the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder with cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Body Image — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Buhlmann U, Reese HE, Renaud S, Wilhelm S Although cognitive behavior therapy has been found to be very effective in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), there still remain a number of challenges that clinicians face in the treatment of individuals with BDD. In this article, we discuss issues related to comorbid depression, suicidality, substance use disorders, personality disorders as well as the role of early life experiences, delusional intensity of beliefs, and motivation to change. The aim of this review is to provide a treatment aid to clinicians by offering specific recommendations for improved care based on the available literature as well as our clinical experience. PMID: 18313372 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Body Image)

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Body dysmorphic disorder and appearance enhancing medical treatments.

Body Image — Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100

This article reviews the literature on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in persons who seek appearance enhancing medical treatments such as cosmetic surgery and dermatological treatment. We begin with a discussion of the growing popularity of cosmetic surgical and minimally invasive treatments. The literature investigating the psychological characteristics is briefly highlighted. Studies investigating the rate of BDD among persons who seek appearance enhancing treatments are detailed and, collectively, suggest that approximately 5-15% of individuals who seek these treatments suffer from BDD. Retrospective reports suggest that persons with BDD rarely experience improvement in their symptoms following these treatments, leading some to suggest that BDD is a contraindication to cosmetic surgery ...

[LETTERS TO THE EDITOR] Lamotrigine for the Treatment of Impulsive Aggression and Affective Symptoms in a Patient with Borderline Personality Disorder Comorbid with Body Dysmorphic Disorder

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci — Wed, 27 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci)

Psychopathologic Aspects of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Literature Review

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery — Sat, 26 Jan 2008 16:33:48 +0100

Abstract Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a somatoform disorder characterized by the patient’s excessive concern with an imagined or minor defect in physical appearance. Patients with BDD often have been observed in aesthetic surgery settings seeking surgical enhancement at a reported prevalence of 6% to 15%. Published studies in the general population tend to aggregate a prevalence of 0.7% to 2.3%. This review aimed to search the literature for data on the prevalence, psychopathologic aspects, and comorbidity of BDD, and to provide an update on current BDD research. Relevant literature was identified by searching the Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases. The following search words were used alone or in combination when appropriate: “body dysmorphic disorde...

[Clinical & Research News] Do Abnormal Visual Processes Underlie Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Psychiatr News — Fri, 18 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Psychiatr News)

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of body dysmorphic disorder in an adult inpatient setting.

General Hospital Psychiatry — Tue, 01 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: BDD is relatively common but underdiagnosed in psychiatric inpatients and is associated with more severe depressive symptoms. PMID: 18164943 [PubMed - in process] (Source: General Hospital Psychiatry)

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Distorted Self-image In Body Image Disorder Due To Visual Brain Glitch, Study Suggests

ScienceDaily Headlines — Wed, 12 Dec 2007 12:49:05 +0100

Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and associated clinical features among Australian university students

Clinical Psychologist — Fri, 07 Dec 2007 13:01:40 +0100

(Source: Clinical Psychologist)

Researchers Investigate the Role of Visual Processing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Anxiety, Addiction and Depression Treatments — Wed, 05 Dec 2007 16:41:24 +0100

(Source: Anxiety, Addiction and Depression Treatments)

Brain misfires in people with self-image disorder

AuntMinnie.com Headlines — Tue, 04 Dec 2007 17:24:25 +0100

WASHINGTON (Reuters), Dec 4 - People with body dysmorphic disorder, a condition in which they are convinced they are ugly, have a brain glitch when processing things they see, researchers said on Monday. Dr. Jamie Feusner's team performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans on 12 people with the disorder as they viewed black-and-white images of other people's faces, and compared the results to those of people who do not have body dysmorphic disorder. (Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines)

A Comparison of Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Annals of Clinical Psychiatry (after Jan 1, 2004) — Tue, 04 Dec 2007 13:16:41 +0100

(Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry (after Jan 1, 2004))

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Visual Brain Glitch Causes Distorted Self-Image, UCLA Research Finds

Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today — Tue, 04 Dec 2007 13:00:00 +0100

Although they look normal, people suffering from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) perceive themselves as ugly and disfigured. New imaging research reveals that the brains of people with BDD look normal, but function abnormally when processing visual details. Reported in the December edition of the Archives of General Psychiatry, the UCLA findings are the first to demonstrate a biological reason for patients' distorted body image. [click link for full article] (Source: Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today)

Abnormal Brain Processing Linked to Distorted Self-Image

MedPage Today Psychiatry — Mon, 03 Dec 2007 21:16:19 +0100

LOS ANGELES -- Abnormal processing of visual details may lead individuals with body dysmorphic disorder to perceive themselves as ugly and disfigured, a case-control study found. (Source: MedPage Today Psychiatry)

Distorted self-image due to visual brain glitch, UCLA research finds

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 03 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Although they look normal, people suffering from body dysmorphic disorder perceive themselves as ugly and disfigured. New imaging research reveals that the brains of people with BDD look normal, but function abnormally when processing visual details. Reported in the December edition of the Archives of General Psychiatry, the UCLA findings are the first to demonstrate a biological reason for patients' distorted body image. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Visual Information Processing of Faces in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Archives of General Psychiatry — Mon, 03 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Subjects with BDD demonstrate fundamental differences from controls in visually processing others' faces. The predominance of left-sided activity for low spatial frequency and normal faces suggests detail encoding and analysis rather than holistic processing, a pattern evident in controls only for high spatial frequency faces. These abnormalities may be associated with apparent perceptual distortions in patients with BDD. The fact that these findings occurred while subjects viewed others' faces suggests differences in visual processing beyond distortions of their own appearance. (Source: Archives of General Psychiatry)

Perceived teasing experiences in body dysmorphic disorder.

Body Image — Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100

This study provides preliminary evidence for the association between perceived teasing and BDD. PMID: 18089284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Body Image)

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Efficacy of Treatment for Somatoform Disorders: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Psychosomatic Medicine — Mon, 26 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Somatoform disorders.

American Family Physician — Thu, 01 Nov 2007 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Oyama O, Paltoo C, Greengold J The somatoform disorders are a group of psychiatric disorders that cause unexplained physical symptoms. They include somatization disorder (involving multisystem physical symptoms), undifferentiated somatoform disorder (fewer symptoms than somatization disorder), conversion disorder (voluntary motor or sensory function symptoms), pain disorder (pain with strong psychological involvement), hypochondriasis (fear of having a life-threatening illness or condition), body dysmorphic disorder (preoccupation with a real or imagined physical defect), and somatoform disorder not otherwise specified (used when criteria are not dearly met for one of the other somatoform disorders). These disorders should be considered early in the evaluation of patients with...

Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery: Evolution of 24 subjects with a minimal defect in appearance 5 years after their request for cosmetic surgery.

European Psychiatry — Tue, 25 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This prospective study confirms that cosmetic surgery is not efficient on BDD despite declared patient satisfaction. Cosmetic surgery had no significant effects on BDD diagnosis, handicap or psychiatric comorbidity in BDD patients at 5-year follow-up. Furthermore, BDD appeared at follow-up in some initially non-BDD diagnosed subjects. Patients' declared satisfaction with surgery may contribute to explain why some plastic surgeons may not fully adhere to the contraindication of cosmetic surgery in BDD. PMID: 17900876 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Psychiatry)

Body dysmorphic disorder: Delusions of physical appearance

Current Psychosis and Therapeutics Reports — Sun, 09 Sep 2007 07:59:36 +0100

Abstract Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is described as a preoccupation with imagined or slight defects in one’s appearance (eg, acne or scarring, the size or shape of the nose). Although BDD was first described more than 100 years ago, only recently has BDD been studied empirically. Therefore, BDD is often under- or misdiagnosed. Moreover, individuals with BDD often do not seek psychiatric help but, rather, consult dermatologists, plastic surgeons, or dentists, which might also contribute to the underdiagnosis of BDD. Importantly, patients’ beliefs about their physical appearance can sometimes be of delusional intensity. This delusional form of BDD is associated with greater symptom severity and increased risk of suicide. Current treatments shown to be effective for B...

Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with borderline personality disorder: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and role of childhood trauma

Acta Neuropsychiatrica — Thu, 09 Aug 2007 10:30:17 +0100

Acta Neuropsychiatrica Volume 0, Issue 0, Page ???-???. Semiz U, Basoglu C, Cetin M, Ebrinc S, Uzun O, Ergun B. Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with borderline personality disorder: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and role of childhood trauma.Objective: The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD... (Source: Acta Neuropsychiatrica)

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Distorted Body Image Could Be Linked To Abnormal Brain Function

ScienceDaily Headlines — Fri, 06 Jul 2007 18:00:00 +0100

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), or dysmorphophobia, is a hidden disease that affects nearly three million Americans. It is hidden because patients with the disease often go to great lengths to hide from the world, often altering their appearance through plastic surgeries, wrongly perceiving themselves to be ugly or having a hideous physical flaw. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

Brain abnormalities distort body image

United Press International - Consumer Health — Mon, 02 Jul 2007 13:35:45 +0100

Body Dysmorphic Disorder, or dysmorphophobia, is a hidden disease that causes patients go to great lengths to hide from the world, says a U.S. researcher. (Source: United Press International - Consumer Health)

Distorted Body Image Could Be Linked To Abnormal Brain Function

Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today — Fri, 29 Jun 2007 07:00:00 +0100

The Central Role of the Nose in the Face and the Psyche: Review of the Nose and the Psyche

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery — Wed, 06 Jun 2007 07:51:16 +0100

Conclusions To recognize the importance of rhinoplasty’s psychological implications, it is critical to make a good selection of patients seeking this operation and to have a good outcome. To this end, the preoperative interview is fundamental. Surgeons should be competent at both the psychological and surgical levels. Content TypeJournal Article JournalAesthetic Plastic SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-5241Print ISSN 0364-216X (Source: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery)

[Body dysmorphic disorder--dysmorphophobia]

Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie — Thu, 01 Feb 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jakubietz M, Jakubietz R, Grünert J Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a rare disease. Although described in the last century it was only recently classified in the DSM-IV. BDD is characterized by an excessive concern about an imagined deformity of the body. Establishing the diagnosis of BDD remains to be demanding, yet of utmost importance for the surgeon. Only a timely diagnosis will prevent dissatisfaction of both the patient and the surgeon. In this article, strategies to cope with such patients after diagnosis are described. PMID: 17304434 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie)

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Presence of muscle dysmorphia symptomology among male weightlifters.

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:48:02 +0100

Authors: Hildebrandt T, Schlundt D, Langenbucher J, Chung T Limited research exists on muscle dysmorphia (MD) in men and in nonclinical populations. The current study evaluated types of body image disturbance among 237 male weightlifters. Latent class analysis of 8 measures of body image disturbance revealed 5 independent types of respondents: Dysmorphic, Muscle Concerned, Fat Concerned, Normal Behavioral, and Normal. One-way analysis of variance of independent measures of body image disturbance and associated psychopathology confirmed significant differences between groups. The Dysmorphic group reported a pattern of body image disturbance consistent with MD by displaying a high overall level of body image disturbance, symptoms of associated psychopathology, steroid use, and appearance...

Gender similarities and differences in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.

Comprehensive Psychiatry — Mon, 22 Jan 2007 16:48:02 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The clinical features of BDD in men and women have many similarities but also some interesting and important differences. These findings have implications for the detection and treatment of BDD. PMID: 16490564 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry)

Weight Concerns More Impairing For Those With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today — Mon, 15 Jan 2007 20:00:00 +0100

In a new study on Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) - a distressing or impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in one's appearance - researchers from Bradley Hospital and Brown Medical School found that individuals who are concerned about their weight are more impaired than those whose appearance-concerns are not weight-related. This is particularly important, as weight-related preoccupations have at times not been considered diagnostic of BDD. [click link for full article] (Source: Psychology / Psychiatry News From Medical News Today)

Weight Concerns More Impairing For Those With Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 15 Jan 2007 20:00:00 +0100

In a new study on Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) - a distressing or impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in one's appearance - researchers from Bradley Hospital and Brown Medical School found that individuals who are concerned about their weight are more impaired than those whose appearance-concerns are not weight-related. [click link for full article] (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Obsession With Weight May Not Be Tied To An Eating Disorder

ScienceDaily Headlines — Thu, 11 Jan 2007 04:00:00 +0100

In a new study on Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) -- a distressing or impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in one's appearance -- researchers from Bradley Hospital and Brown Medical School found that individuals who are concerned about their weight are more impaired than those whose appearance-concerns are not weight-related. This is particularly important, as weight-related preoccupations have at times not been considered diagnostic of BDD. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)

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New study on Body Dysmorphic Disorder

News-Medical News Feed — Wed, 10 Jan 2007 19:51:00 +0100

Weight concerns more impairing for those with Body dysmorphic disorder

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Wed, 10 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Weight concerns in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.

Eating Behaviors — Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100

DISCUSSION: Weight concerns in BDD deserve further study, as they appear relatively common and are associated with greater symptom severity and psychopathology in several domains. PMID: 17174859 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Eating Behaviors)

A conceptual model of factors contributing to the development of muscle dysmorphia.

Eating Disorders — Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Grieve FG Muscle dysmorphia is a recently described subcategory of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. It is most prevalent in males and has a number of cognitive, behavioral, socioenviornmental, emotional, and psychological factors that influence its expression. An etiological model describing these influences is presented for evaluation. Nine variables (body mass, media influences, ideal body internalization, low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, health locus of control, negative affect, perfectionism, and body distortion) were identified through the use of extant literature on muscle dysmorphia and through extrapolation from literature involving women and eating disorders. The functional relationships among these variables are described and implications of the model are discussed. ...

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder After Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Report of 2 Cases (a man and his mother).

Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry — Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Canan F, Kocer E, Yildirim S, Ataoglu A PMID: 17934559 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry)

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The drive for muscle leanness: a complex case with features of muscle dysmorphia and eating disorder not otherwise specified.

Eating and weight disorders : EWD — Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cafri G, Blevins N, Thompson JK Muscle dysmorphia has been described as a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder in which an individual experiences severe body image disturbance related to muscularity. The current case is of a 20-year-old man who describes a history of muscle dysmorphia in which the nature of the body image concern is related to leanness (i.e., muscularity in the absence of body fat), as opposed to increasing muscle mass, which is how muscle dysmorphia has typically been characterized in the literature. The case illustrates the need to consider this additional facet of body image when diagnosing muscle dysmorphia. PMID: 17272941 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Eating and weight disorders : EWD)

Treating Body Dysmorphic Disorder and psychogenic excoriation (2006-11-30)

Institute of Psychiatry | Events — Thu, 30 Nov 2006 16:30:00 +0100

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a preoccupation with an “imagined” defect in one’s appearance. Alternatively, where there is a slight physical anomaly, then the person’s concern is markedly excessiv ... (Source: Institute of Psychiatry | Events)

Body dysmorphic disorder in adult orthodontic patients.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics — Wed, 01 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: It is important to have an understanding of body image and to be able to identify orthodontic patients who have BDD. These patients are rarely satisfied with the results of treatment, and it is therefore important to recognize them to avoid unnecessary treatment and to refer them for appropriate management. PMID: 17110253 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics)

Pathological skin picking in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.

General Hospital Psychiatry — Wed, 01 Nov 2006 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of PSP among individuals with BDD, and clinicians should be aware of the clinical correlates of this problematic behavior. PMID: 17088164 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: General Hospital Psychiatry)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder versus body dysmorphic disorder: a comparison study of two possibly related disorders

Depression and Anxiety — Sat, 14 Oct 2006 09:55:01 +0100

The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is unclear. BDD has been proposed to be an OCD-spectrum disorder or even a type of OCD. However, few studies have directly compared these disorders' clinical features. We compared characteristics of subjects with OCD (n=210), BDD (n=45), and comorbid BDD/OCD (n=40). OCD and BDD did not significantly differ in terms of demographic features, age of OCD or BDD onset, illness duration, and many other variables. However, subjects with BDD had significantly poorer insight than those with OCD and were more likely to be delusional. Subjects with BDD were also significantly more likely than those with OCD to have lifetime suicidal ideation, as well as lifetime major depressive disorder and a lifetime sub...

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Childhood abuse and neglect in body dysmorphic disorder.

Child Abuse & Neglect — Sun, 01 Oct 2006 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of individuals with BDD reported childhood abuse and neglect. Certain types of abuse and neglect appear modestly associated with BDD symptom severity and with gender, suicidality, and certain disorders. PMID: 17005251 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Child Abuse & Neglect)

Social Functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Assessment Considerations

Psychiatric Quarterly — Thu, 07 Sep 2006 07:43:04 +0100

Abstract Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have markedly poor social functioning; however, previous reports may underestimate impairment. Scoring on certain functioning measures such as the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report (SAS-SR) potentially excludes more severely ill individuals from some domains, thereby possibly underestimating functional impairment. To explore this issue, 73 individuals with BDD who reported having no primary relationship (and were therefore excluded from scoring on the SAS-SR Primary Relationship domain) were compared to 58 individuals with BDD who had a primary relationship. Subjects without a primary relationship had significantly poorer global social adjustment on several measures. They also had poorer scores on the Global Assessment of Functi...

[Articles] All in the mind? The neural correlates of unexplained physical symptoms

Advances in Psychiatric Treatment — Thu, 31 Aug 2006 06:00:00 +0100

Physical symptoms with no medical explanation are commonly experienced by healthy people and those attending clinics. Psychiatrists see such patients in liaison settings and clinics for those with psychotic and affective disorders. The pathophysiology remains obscure; physical investigations are usually performed to exclude pathology rather than elucidate dysfunction. However, modern neuroimaging has allowed the study of nervous system structure and function. Although there are few diagnostically specific findings, patterns of association have emerged: where action is impeded (certain forms of conversion disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome) frontal systems of the brain are often implicated; when subjective awareness of the body is disturbed (passivity phenomena and anorexia nervosa) temp...

[Brief Reports] Suicidality in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Prospective Study

Am J Psychiatry — Fri, 30 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with BDD have high rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. The completed suicide rate is preliminary but suggests that the rate of completed suicide in BDD is markedly high. (Source: Am J Psychiatry)

APA: Body Dysmorphic Disorder Linked to Suicidality

MedPage Today Product Alert — Sat, 24 Jun 2006 21:31:49 +0100

TORONTO -- Patients with body dysmorphic disorder are at a high risk for suicidal thoughts and actions, according to research reported at the American Psychiatric Association meeting here. (Source: MedPage Today Product Alert)

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Tanning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Psychiatric Quarterly — Fri, 16 Jun 2006 07:33:28 +0100

In conclusion, tanning—a behavior with well-known health risks—is a relatively frequent BDD-related behavior. Content TypeJournal Article JournalPsychiatric QuarterlyOnline ISSN 1573-6709Print ISSN 0033-2720 Journal VolumeVolume 77 Journal IssueVolume 77, Number 2 / June, 2006 (Source: Psychiatric Quarterly)

Psychotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder and spectrum: established facts and advances, 1995-2005.

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America — Wed, 14 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neziroglu F, Henricksen J, Yaryura-Tobias JA Dropout rates and refractory cases persist, for reasons that remain unexplained. There are few predictor variables and few innovative approaches to deal with them. New treatment approaches must be developed to improve treatment response even for the responders. Studies show that symptoms are reduced minimally (30% 50%). No new ways of dealing with treatment-refractory cases have been developed. Studies now include more co-morbid cases, however, and their inclusion may account for some of the lack of progress in improvement rates. It needs to be seen whether patients who have one or more comorbid conditions do as well as patients who do not have comorbidity and whether the number or type of comorbid disorders accounts for treatment r...

Body dysmorphic disorder.

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America — Wed, 14 Jun 2006 06:00:00 +0100

Authors: Castle DJ, Rossell S, Kyrios M BDD remains an understudied psychiatric disorder. Further research is required to establish its etiopathology and neurocognitive underpinnings.Its relationship to other psychiatric disorders requires clarification. Also needed is a much better understanding of the best treatments to adopt should conventional approaches (eg, SRIs, CBT) fail. PMID: 16650721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America)

Rates of abuse in body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Body Image — Thu, 01 Jun 2006 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neziroglu F, Khemlani-Patel S, Yaryura-Tobias JA Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) continues to challenge professionals due to symptom severity, co-morbidity, suicidal ideation, and overvalued ideation. Despite the disorder's severity, little research exists. Clinical observation suggests a noteworthy history of abuse; therefore the present study investigated the reported rate of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse in BDD patients. OCD patients were chosen as a comparison group because BDD is considered to be an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder. A group survey design was used (N=50 for each group). Results show significantly higher levels of emotional and sexual abuse in the BDD sample versus the OCD sample. No significant differences were found in physical abuse. Abuse m...

[Articles] A 12-Month Follow-Up Study of the Course of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Am J Psychiatry — Fri, 28 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that BDD tends to be chronic. Remission probabilities were lower than reported for mood disorders, most anxiety disorders, and personality disorders in studies with similar methods. (Source: Am J Psychiatry)

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Body dysmorphic disorder.

Dermatologic Clinics — Fri, 14 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100

Authors: Buescher LS, Buescher KL Body dysmorphic disorder is a relatively common psychiatric disorder among the dermatology patient population. These individuals may present to dermatologists for treatment of normal or minimally abnormal skin findings. Recognizing that these patients have body dysmorphic disorder can avert unnecessary and potentially unsuccessful treatments. Understanding and directing patients toward appropriate treatment options can minimize the distress and morbidities associated with the disorder. PMID: 16677971 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Dermatologic Clinics)

Body dysmorphic disorder and other clinically significant body image concerns in adolescent psychiatric inpatients: prevalence and clinical characteristics.

Child Psychiatry and Human Development — Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of participants had clinically significant body image concerns or a body image disorder. These concerns/disorders were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidality. In addition, the group concerned with body shape or weight had significantly greater symptoms of PTSD, dissociation, and sexual preoccupation/distress. These relatively common body image concerns and disorders deserve further study in adolescents. PMID: 16741679 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development)

CG31: Obsessive-compulsive disorder

NICE | Published clinical guidelines — Wed, 23 Nov 2005 00:00:00 +0100

The published clinical guideline on treating obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adults, children and young people. (Source: NICE | Published clinical guidelines)

CG31: Obsessive-compulsive disorder

NICE | Published clinical guidelines — Wed, 23 Nov 2005 00:00:00 +0100

The summary of the published clinical guideline on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). It links to the published guidance and key documents. (Source: NICE | Published clinical guidelines)

Psychosocial aspects of aging skin.

Dermatologic Clinics — Fri, 14 Oct 2005 06:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gupta MA, Gilchrest BA Many older individuals use products and procedures to conceal or delay the signs of aging. For most, this provides a helpful ego boost, but some suffer from pathologies such as eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder. The impact of aging skin may include social anxiety and social isolation. Poor self-image is associated with chronic illness and fewer preventive health behaviors, such as exercise. Aged appearance, especially in women, is also associated with workplace discrimination. Patients should therefore be offered treatments for aging skin, ensured that society's negative views not be unnecessarily reinforced, and maintain a realistic treatment expectations. PMID: 16112440 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Dermatologic Clinics)

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

BBC News | Health | Medical notes | UK Edition — Mon, 31 Jan 2000 12:43:00 +0100

A Scottish hospital has launched an inquiry after a surgeon agreed to remove healthy limbs from patients suffering from a psychological disorder. BBC News Online looks at the condition. (Source: BBC News | Health | Medical notes | UK Edition)