MedWorm: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Can Strep Throat Lead to Behavior Problems?

NYT > Health — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 16:32:21 +0100

Dr. Robert King and Dr. James Leckman of the Yale Child Study Center address Pandas and the link between strep throat, tics and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. (Source: NYT > Health)

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From the prehospital literature

Emergency Medicine Journal — Fri, 19 Mar 2010 11:45:06 +0100

(Source: Emergency Medicine Journal)

The role of NMDA receptors in the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Psychopharmacology — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:34:51 +0100

Conclusions Activation of NMDA receptors may have an anti-compulsive effect in OCD patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-010-1808-9Authors Noa Albelda, Tel Aviv University Department of Psychology Tel Aviv IsraelNitza Bar-On, Tel Aviv University Department of Psychology Tel Aviv IsraelDaphna Joel, Tel Aviv University Department of Psychology Tel Aviv Israel Journal PsychopharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-2072Print ISSN 0033-3158 (Source: Psychopharmacology)

Frontostriatal activation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after cognitive behavioral therapy.

Psychological Medicine — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Although these findings are preliminary and need to be replicated in larger samples, they indicate a possible influence of psychotherapy on brain activity in core regions that have been shown to be directly involved both in acquisition of behavioral rules and stereotypes and in the pathophysiology of OCD, the caudate nucleus and the pallidum. PMID: 20236568 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Psychological Medicine)

Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

Psychological Assessment — Mon, 15 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Although several measures of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms exist, most are limited in that they are not consistent with the most recent empirical findings on the nature and dimensional structure of obsessions and compulsions. In the present research, the authors developed and evaluated a measure called the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) to address limitations of existing OC symptom measures. The DOCS is a 20-item measure that assesses the four dimensions of OC symptoms most reliably replicated in previous structural research. Factorial validity of the DOCS was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of 3 samples, including individuals with OC disorder, those with other anxiety disorders, and nonclinical individuals. Scores on the DOCS displayed good pe...

Rescuing Yourself From Rescuing Relationships (3): Coping with Aftereffects

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 21:20:50 +0100

Thinking about your failed relationship is similar to replaying scenes from a movie in your mind. Replaying the scenes from the good times in your relationship can lead you to continue grieving or to grieve anew for what you no longer have. Your ruminations about the failed relationship can take on an obsessive quality, as though your thoughts and the feelings that stir within you are beyond your control.At other times, you may focus on scenes that anger and disturb you, which block the good but painful memories and provide temporary relief because you are no longer involved. However, thinking about the horrible scenes from your failed relationship may cause strong negative emotions to come forth, impinging on your ability to enjoy life.Why is it so hard to change your mood and stop thinki...

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The obsessive–compulsive spectrum in the perinatal period: a prospective pilot study

Archives of Women's Mental Health — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 02:41:32 +0100

This study aims to describe the phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) and disorders (OCD) in perinatal women and to explore the relationship of OCS/OCD to postpartum depression. A prospective longitudinal study of 44 women screened with the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory—Revised (OCI-R) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) between 30 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. Twenty-four women completed a diagnostic interview and the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) before delivery and were contacted postpartum to repeat the EPDS and Y-BOCS. In the third trimester, 32% reported high levels of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 10 and/or OCI-R ≥ 15) and 29% of those who completed the diagnostic interview met criteria for OCD. ...

Bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with higher rates of anxiety and impulse control disorders

Acta Neuropsychiatrica — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Female BD patients with OCD may represent a more severe form of disorder than those without OCD, having more depressive episodes and residual symptoms, and being at a higher risk for treatment-emergent mania, as well as presenting a greater anxiety and impulse control disorder burden. (Source: Acta Neuropsychiatrica)

Genetics of early-onset obsessive–compulsive disorder

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:26:54 +0100

Abstract Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, intrusive and disturbing thoughts as well as by repetitive stereotypic behaviors. Epidemiological data are similar in children and adults, i.e., between 1 and 3% of the general population suffer from OCD. Children with OCD are often seriously impaired in their development. OCD, especially of early onset, has been shown to be familial. Several candidate genes of predominantly neurotransmitter systems have been analyzed and a total of three genome-wide linkage scans have been performed until now. Analyses of candidate genes in linkage regions have not provided evidence for their involvement in OCD, with the exception of the glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1 on 9p24. Genome-wide association analyses ...

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the diagnostic criteria and possible subtypes and dimensional specifiers for DSM-V

Depression and Anxiety — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: A number of changes to the existing diagnostic criteria for OCD are proposed. These proposed criteria may change as the DSM-V process progresses. Depression and Anxiety 0:1-21, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Depression and Anxiety)

The prevalence and correlates of adult separation anxiety disorder in an anxiety clinic

BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Patients with ASAD attending an anxiety clinic are highly symptomatic and disabled. The findings have implications for the classification, clinical identification and treatment of adult anxiety disorders. (Source: BMC Psychiatry - Latest articles)

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Memory and strategic processing in first-degree relatives of obsessive compulsive patients.

Psychological Medicine — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the same deficits in the execution of non-verbal memory tasks in OCD patients and unaffected first-degree relatives suggests the influence of certain genetic and/or familial factors on this cognitive function in OCD and supports the hypothesis that deficits in non-verbal memory tasks could be considered as cognitive markers of the disorder. PMID: 20214841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Psychological Medicine)

OCD and Anxiety Disorders

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

It is not uncommon for OCD to occur with other anxiety disorders such as panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. These additional disorders can make treatment more complicated and cause additional distress. What other anxiety disorders have you been diagnosed with? Share Your ExperienceOCD and Anxiety Disorders originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Thursday, March 18th, 2010 at 19:25:56.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in drug-naïve obsessive–compulsive patients: A case–control study

Journal of Affective Disorders — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 15:14:40 +0100

Conclusions: Our findings reveal for the first time in OCD patients a decrease in serum BDNF levels. These data corroborate the hypothesis of a dysfunction in the neurotrophin expression in the OCD pathogenetic mechanism and provide the rationale for further investigations directed to the identification of novel biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for antiobsessional treatments. (Source: Journal of Affective Disorders)

Chronic medication does not affect hyperactive error responses in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Psychophysiology — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show an increased error-related negativity (ERN), yet previous studies have not controlled for medication use, which may be important given evidence linking performance monitoring to neurotransmitter systems targeted by treatment, such as serotonin. In an examination of 19 unmedicated OCD patients, 19 medicated OCD patients, 19 medicated patient controls without OCD, and 21 unmedicated healthy controls, we found greater ERNs in OCD patients than in controls, irrespective of medication use. Severity of generalized anxiety and depression was associated with ERN amplitude in controls but not patients. These data confirm previous findings of an exaggerated error response in OCD, further showing that it cannot be attributed to medication. The ab...

[Psychogenic Purpura with Hematuria and Sexual Pain Disorder: A Case Report.]

Turkish Journal of Psychiatry — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 17:14:03 +0100

We report a psychogenic purpura case that presented with hematuria in addition to skin lesions. Based on the psychiatric evaluation she was diagnosed with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, sexual pain disorder accompanied these disorders. With the help of antidepressant and supportive psychotherapy, the patient's ecchymosis and bleeding disappeared. During 8 months of follow-up the symptoms did not return. Vaginismus has not been reported in patients with psychogenic purpura. The presence of vaginismus, which is seen more frequently in eastern cultures and is thought to be related to sociocultural determinants, suggests that some cultural factors may be common to both psychogenic purpura and vaginismus. The aim of this...

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An Open Trial of Intensive Family Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Who Are Medication Partial Responders or Nonresponders

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology — Sat, 06 Mar 2010 15:12:09 +0100

(Source: Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology)

Did Evagrius Ponticus (AD 346-99) have obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Journal of Medical Biography — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 18:51:03 +0100

Evagrius Ponticus was one of the most important and influential spiritual writers in the early Christian church. This author argues that he suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder: in particular, the demonic ‘thoughts’ which he repeatedly describes meet all the criteria for obsessions. If this is true, it offers a new perspective on the relation between pastoral theology and psychiatric disorders: the spiritual tradition which Evagrius helped found may, as a result, have tended to exacerbate such symptoms in others, but it also possessed the resources to address them in a practical way. (Source: Journal of Medical Biography)

Review: Intravenous anti-obsessive agents: a review

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:53:19 +0100

Oral antidepressants are currently the first-line pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but response rates can often be low and with delayed onset of therapeutic action. Some reports have suggested that intravenous (i.v.) anti-obsessive agents may have faster onset of action and greater efficacy. A Medline search was conducted for all reports pertaining to the use of i.v. antidepressants for OCD. Search terms included: ‘intravenous’, ‘clomipramine’, ‘selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor’, ‘tricyclic’, ‘citalopram’, ‘sertraline’, ‘paroxetine’, ‘fluvoxamine’, ‘SSRIs’ and ‘intravenous antidepressants’. Relevant articles mainly investigated clomipramine (...

Quetiapine versus clomipramine in the augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, open-label trial

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:53:19 +0100

After 12 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy with inadequate response, 10 patients received clomipramine and 11 received quetiapine as augmentation agents of the SSRI. The primary outcome measure was the difference between initial and final scores of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), rated in a blinded fashion, and the score of clinical global improvement (CGI-I). Statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric tests to evaluate treatment efficacy and the difference between treatment groups. Percentile plots were constructed with YBOCS scores from the clomipramine and quetiapine groups. Considering response a ≥35% reduction in the initial Y-BOCS score plus a rating of ‘much improved’ or ‘very much improved’...

Lamotrigine as an augmentation agent in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:53:19 +0100

We report a case of treatment-resistant OCD that was successfully treated with a pharmacological augmentation of lamotrigine plus clomipramine. The patient, a 59-year-old woman, was on a stable dose of clomipramine (225 mg/day) when she was started on lamotrigine (up to 150 mg/day). After 10 weeks of this treatment, her clinical condition remarkably improved, as indicated by a significant decrease of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. This case suggests some preliminary evidence that the addition of glutamatergic agent lamotrigine may be useful in treatment-resistant OCD. However, further controlled studies are needed to support this finding. (Source: Journal of Psychopharmacology)

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Psychosurgery Makes Gentle Comeback

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Psychosurgery is making a comeback. Recently published case series have shown encouraging results of so-called deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and Tourette syndrome. In the current issue of Deutsches Ã�rzteblatt International, authors Jens Kuhn (University of Cologne) and Theo P J GrÃ¼nder (Max Planck Institute, Cologne) and their co-authors provide an introduction to the method (Dtsch Arztebl Int 2010; 107(7)105-13)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Psychosurgery Makes Gentle Comeback

Neurology / Neuroscience News From Medical News Today — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Sodium oxybate in the treatment of binge eating disorder: An open-label, prospective study

International Journal of Eating Disorders — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

To assess preliminarily the effectiveness of sodium oxybate in binge eating disorder.This was an open-label, prospective, 16-week, flexible dose study of sodium oxybate in binge eating disorder. The primary outcome was binge eating episode frequency.Twelve individuals received sodium oxybate, 10 completed at least one postbaseline evaluation, and five completed the study. Mean dose at endpoint was 7.1 (2.0) g/day. Sodium oxybate was associated with significant reductions in frequency of binge days and binge episodes, as well as measures of clinical severity, eating pathology, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, food cravings, body mass index, and body weight. Nine participants had remission of binge eating and five lost [ge]5% of their baseline weight; all five of the latter participants had re...

Psychosurgery makes gentle comeback

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

(Deutsches Aerzteblatt International) Psychosurgery is making a comeback. Recently published case series have shown encouraging results of so-called deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive disorders, and Tourette syndrome. In the current issue of Deutsches Aerzteblatt International, authors Jens Kuhn and Theo P. J. Gruender and their co-authors provide an introduction to the method. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: systematic review

BMC Research Notes — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: DBS is considered a promising technique for OCD and TRD. Outstanding questions about patient selection and electrode placement can probably be resolved by (a) larger studies, (b) genetic studies and (c) imaging studies (MRI, fMRI, PET, and tractography). (Source: BMC Research Notes)

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Parenting a Child With OCD

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Parenting is one of the hardest jobs you'll ever have - especially when your child has a chronic illness like OCD. While it can sometimes feel overwhelming, many parents develop excellent coping strategies for managing both their child's OCD symptoms as well as their own stress levels. If you are the parent of a child with OCD, what coping strategies have you found to be helpful? Share your experience.Parenting a Child With OCD originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Wednesday, March 10th, 2010 at 08:00:02.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Does clinical experience or professional training have an impact on what symptoms are thought to be important features of depression?

The International Journal of Social Psychiatry — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Clinical experts agree highly in their implicit weighing of depression symptoms regardless of their age, gender, clinical experience and professional training. PMID: 20197458 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The International Journal of Social Psychiatry)

Dopaminergic modulation of the orbitofrontal cortex affects attention, motivation and impulsive responding in rats performing the five-choice serial reaction time task.

Behavioural Brain Research — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Winstanley CA, Zeeb FD, Bedard A, Fu K, Lai B, Steele C, Wong AC Understanding the neurobiological factors underlying individual differences in impulsivity may provide valuable insight into vulnerability to impulse control disorders. Recent data implicate both the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the dopaminergic system in psychiatric disorders associated with high levels of impulsivity, including substance abuse, mania and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, the consequences of modulating dopaminergic activity within the OFC on impulsive behaviour are largely unknown. The effects of direct intra-OFC infusions of agonists and antagonists at the dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors were therefore assessed in rats performing the five-choice serial reaction time test (5CSRT) of att...

Sex addiction divides mental health experts

Los Angeles Times - Science — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Is extreme sexual acting out an obsessive-compulsive disorder, a sign of depression or just bad behavior? 'If we are looking at a disorder, it's not clear what that disorder is,' one expert says. Tiger Woods, who recently admitted to multiple extramarital affairs, said he is receiving treatment. David Duchovny, who plays a sex-obsessed professor on the TV show "Californication," underwent rehab in 2008. Dr. Drew Pinsky has launched a reality series dealing with the subject. (Source: Los Angeles Times - Science)

Increased Activation of the ACC During a Spatial Working Memory Task in Alcohol-Dependence Versus Heavy Social Drinking.

Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results support the findings of increased dACC activation during a spatial working memory task as a risk factor for alcohol dependence. Increased task-related activation in the dACC was only observed in alcohol-dependent participants and not in heavy social drinkers with comparable alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the absence of behavioral performance differences between groups as well as an association between dACC activation and working memory performance indicates subtle working memory deficits. Low capacity of working memory has been linked to more automatic and less self-regulated behavior in studies on natural reward processing. Therefore, additional neural activation during performance of the non-alcohol-related working memory task in participants with higher OCDS ...

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Comorbidity of Enuresis in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Attention Disorders — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 19:44:25 +0100

Conclusion: Enuresis in ADHD has a relationship with ODD. Physicians who treat patients with ADHD and enuresis should routinely inquire about the presence of major depression in the fathers. (J. of Att. Dis. 2010; 13(5) 464-467) (Source: Journal of Attention Disorders)

Predictors of early adulthood quality of life in children with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:42:35 +0100

Conclusions Children for whom OCD symptoms remitted by adulthood showed no evidence of residual impairment in QoL, whereas children whose OCD symptoms failed to remit by adulthood showed at most mild impairment in QoL. Hoarding symptoms in childhood appear to portend not only the persistence of OCD symptoms but also poorer QoL in early adulthood. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00127-010-0194-2Authors Sean D. Palermo, Yale University School of Medicine Yale Child Study Center PO Box 2070900 New Haven CT 06520 USAMichael H. Bloch, Yale University School of Medicine Yale Child Study Center PO Box 2070900 New Haven CT 06520 USABrittany Craiglow, Yale University School of Medicine Yale Child Study Center PO Box 2070900 New Haven CT 06520 ...

[Pathological buying : A review of the current knowledge regarding this condition of behavioral excess.]

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Müller A, de Zwaan M Compulsive buying is characterized by frequent excessive purchasing of items that are primarily not needed or used. The compulsive buying behavior results in mental, social, financial and often legal problems. Although compulsive buying affects a significant percentage of the general population and has received increasing attention in research, it has largely been ignored in clinical practice. Compulsive buying disorder is currently conceptualized as an"impulse control disorder not otherwise specified". However, the appropriate classification continues to be debated. Compulsive buying is associated with significant psychiatric co-morbidity, especially with depressive, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, substance use, personality, and other impulse control...

Beyond postural tachycardia syndrome

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 09:51:07 +0100

(Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry)

Part III Sex, Game Theory & More (To Wait or Not to Wait - That is the Question)

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 02:26:20 +0100

Game Theory, Biology, Psychology, Dating and SexIn this third article in a 3-part series, on sex, courtship and dating, we look at what game theory, biology and interpersonal psychology tell us about the benefits and costs of waiting to jump in bed with a prospective dating partner. To recap Parts I and II, game theory studies[i] by two male mathematicians Seymour and Sozou on dating, courtship and sex - suggest some good advice for women would be not to jump in bed with a new dating partner until they have accumulated more data to determine if he is a worthwhile candidate for dating and mating (in their words, a "good" man). And that men that are willing to wait for sex are viewed as better prospects for becoming good fathers than those who don't. Furthermore, that "good" men who do wait ...

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Dysfunctional Attitudes and Perfectionism and Their Relationship to Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study explores dysfunctional attitudes and perfectionism in boys with ASD and the relationship with anxious and depressive symptoms. Compared to a typically developing group (n = 42), boys with ASD (n = 41) endorsed more dysfunctional attitudes and reported higher emotional symptoms. The relationship between emotional and cognitive variables was weak in both groups, although in the ASD group dysfunctional attitudes were significantly associated with reported obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Reasons for elevated dysfunctional attitudes in the ASD group are discussed and the roles of cognitive inflexibility and social impairments are explored. PMID: 20182783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders)

OCD and College

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

College can be an exciting but stressful time. It is a period when many students are leaving home for the first time, dealing with new living arrangements, and managing a tight budget, as well as handling the demands of school. This is a challenging time under the best of circumstances, but can be even more stressful if you have OCD. Have your OCD symptoms ever got in the way of doing your best at college? If so, how have you coped with OCD symptoms while in school? Share your experience.OCD and College originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Wednesday, March 3rd, 2010 at 23:05:58.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

The Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 17:27:01 +0100

Strategies for Treatment-Resistant OCD in Pediatric PatientsStudy: Use of Antipsychotics Climbs in Privately Insured PreschoolersCommentary: Treatment-Resistant Pediatric OCDLisdexamfetamine-Associated Reductions in GrowthOmega-3 Fish Oils May Reduce Psychotic Risk in Teens and AdultsMethylphenidate Effects on Sleep in ChildrenIloperidone (Fanapt) Now Available in U.S.Tourette's Syndrome in a Boy With Bipolar DisorderOlanzapine (Zyprexa) Warnings for Adolescent UseDrug Safety Labeling Changes (Source: The Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update)

Development of a Patient Adherence Scale for Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy.

Behavior Therapy — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 07:42:33 +0100

Authors: Simpson HB, Maher M, Page JR, Gibbons CJ, Franklin ME, Foa EB Exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) is an evidence-based treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). For EX/RP to be maximally effective, it is believed that patients must adhere outside of sessions to the procedures they learn in therapy. To date, there is no standard measure of patient EX/RP adherence, despite the importance of accurately assessing EX/RP adherence in both clinical research and practice. This paper describes the development of the Patient EX/RP Adherence Scale (PEAS), which assesses the patient's between-session adherence to the therapist's EX/RP instructions, and presents initial data on the scale's reliability and validity. The scale was designed to focus on the key procedures of EX/R...

Development and Validation of a Child Version of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory.

Behavior Therapy — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 07:42:08 +0100

Authors: Foa EB, Coles M, Huppert JD, Pasupuleti RV, Franklin ME, March J Surprisingly, only 3 self-report measures that directly assess pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been developed. In addition, these scales have typically been developed in small samples and fail to provide a quick assessment of symptoms across multiple domains. Therefore, the current paper presents initial psychometric data for a quick assessment of pediatric OCD across multiple symptom domains, a child version of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (the OCI-CV). Data from a sample of over 100 youth ages 7 to 17 with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD support the use of the 21-item OCI-CV. Results support the use of the OCI-CV as a general index of OCD symptom severity and in 6 symptom domains para...

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Book Reviews

Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling — Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 19(2): 225-228 Abstract Getting Over OCD: A 10-Step Workbook for Taking Back Your Life By Jonathan S. Abramowitz (2009). New York: Guilford. ISBN 978-1-59385-999-2 New Perspectives on Bullying By Helen Cowie and Dawn Jennifer (2008). Berkshire, England: Open University Press. ISBN 13: 9780335222438, ISBN10: 0335222439 (Source: Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling)

Chasing Ewan McGregor

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 20:27:49 +0100

What to do if you are completely, irrationally and compulsively obsessed with someone or something? Write a book, of course! It was all Ewan McGregor's fault. I am a playwright, and had never thought of writing a book until five years ago, when I saw this handsome and talented young actor in London, playing the part of Sky Masterson in a revival of the musical "Guys and Dolls." It was a show I hadn't even planned to see, but a poster outside the theater drew me irresistibly in. As luck - or fate - would have it, there was one seat left, a box seat, and I threw down my credit card without another thought. The box was just above Stage Left. When Ewan McGregor sauntered in, wearing a three-piece white suit and a jaunty blue Fedora on the back of his head, he happened to glance up at the box w...

DSM5 Proposal Triggers Anxiety, Not Tics

Psychiatric Times — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 17:00:02 +0100

Allen Frances, MD, identifies a number of concerns about the draft DSM5 revisions.1 Not mentioned in his commentary, but of significant concern, is a proposal that might subsume tic disorders under a new category called “Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders.” (Source: Psychiatric Times)

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS): a Controversial Diagnosis

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Tue, 23 Feb 2010 08:07:57 +0100

Abstract Despite more than a decade of studying pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS), it is still not possible to confirm its existence and whether it is a poststreptococcal autoimmune disorder. Many controversies remain: the diagnostic criteria have not been validated, evidence of autoimmunity remains inconclusive, evidence of a genetic predisposition is weak, and streptococcal infections are common in childhood and could represent only a trigger of exacerbations of tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients who fit the PANDAS criteria appear to represent a subgroup of children with chronic tic disorder and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder who may experience symptom exacerbations after group A β-hemolytic ...

Lack of benefit of accumbens/capsular deep brain stimulation in a patient with both tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Neurocase — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: DBS in the ALIC-NA failed to effectively address mild vocal and motor tics in a patient with TS and severe comorbid OCD. PMID: 20178034 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neurocase)

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Feeling of doing in obsessive-compulsive checking.

Consciousness and Cognition — Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study explored the "feeling of doing" in individuals with checking symptoms by examining the mechanism involved in the experienced agency for outcomes that matched expectations. This mechanism was explored using a task in which the subliminal priming of potential action-effects (emulating outcome anticipation) generally enhances people's feeling of causing these effects when they occur, due to the unconscious perception of a match between primed and observed outcomes. The main result revealed a negative relationship between checking and self-agency for observed outcomes that were primed prior to actions. This suggests that checking individuals fail to grasp the correspondence between actual outcomes of their actions and expected ones. We discuss the possible role of undermined self-ag...

Our Addiction to Tiger Woods’ “Sex Addiction”

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Sat, 20 Feb 2010 17:28:13 +0100

What's wrong with Tiger Woods? Three words: I. Don't. Know.For weeks I've been flooded with media inquiries, all focused on Tiger's alleged sex addiction. I've become the go-to guy when the media wants a professional with a different point of view on this.And so from Dr. Phil to Nightline, and on radio stations like Live 25 in Oklahoma City, people have been asking me if the guy's a sex addict. And if he isn't, what is he?My answer's always the same: I've never met the guy, I don't know him, I don't know why he did what he did.What I do know is that, after 30 years as a psychotherapist and sex therapist, I've never seen a sex addict. I've seen people who were obsessive-compulsive, bi-polar, depressed, anxious, or borderline. I've seen people who were selfish or unconsciously enraged; who l...

High-Dose Glycine Treatment of Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a 5-Year Period

Neural Plasticity — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 16:46:53 +0100

This paper describes an individual who was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) at age 17 when education was discontinued. By age 19, he was housebound without social contacts except for parents. Adequate trials of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, two with atypical neuroleptics, were ineffective. Major exacerbations following ear infections involving Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus at ages 19 and 20 led to intravenous immune globulin therapy, which was also ineffective. At age 22, another severe exacerbation followed antibiotic treatment for H. pylori. This led to a hypothesis that postulates deficient signal transduction by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Treatment with glycine, an NMDAR coagonist, over 5 y...

Coping With OCD on Vacation

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Although many people find that their OCD symptoms improve while on vacation, for others the stress of travel, the change in routine, and the loss of control over their environment can cause their OCD symptoms to worsen. Do your OCD symptoms change when you go on vacation? If they get worse, what have you done to cope with this? Share your experience. Coping With OCD on Vacation originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Thursday, February 25th, 2010 at 10:58:42.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Orienting and maintenance of gaze in contamination fear: Biases for disgust and fear cues. - Armstrong T, Olatunji BO, Sarawgi S, Simmons C.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Wed, 17 Feb 2010 15:51:30 +0100

The present study examines the extent to which attentional biases in contamination fear commonly observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are specific to disgust or fear cues, as well as the components of attention involved. Eye tracking was used to... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

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Review: pharmacotherapy increases response and reduces symptom severity in paediatric anxiety disorders

Evidence-Based Mental Health — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 12:20:45 +0100

(Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)

Evaluation of quality of life therapy for parents of children with obsessive–compulsive disorders in Iran

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 06:41:43 +0100

Abstract Previous research has provided evidence on the effectiveness of CBT in the symptomatic improvement of children with obsessive–compulsive disorders. There is also increasing recognition of the importance of involving parents and families in treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of such an intervention that promoted family strengths [(quality of life therapy (QoLT)] for mothers of children with obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD). The sample consisted of 40 children with OCD and their mothers, who had been referred to clinics in Esfahan city in Iran. Mothers were randomly allocated to an experimental (QoLT) and waiting list control group. Mothers participated in eight QoLT group sessions over 4 weeks. QoLT incorporate...

Fronto-cingulate effective connectivity in obsessive compulsive disorder: A study with fMRI and dynamic causal modeling

Human Brain Mapping — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Evidence suggests that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with an overactive error control system. A key role in error detection and control has been ascribed to the fronto-cingulate system. However, the exact functional interplay between the single components of this network in OCD is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study combined a univariate data analysis and effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to examine error control in 21 patients with OCD and 21 matched healthy controls. All subjects performed an adapted version of the Stroop color-word task while undergoing fMRI scans. Enhanced activation in the fronto-cingulate system could be detected in OCD patients during the incongruent task condition. Additionally, task-related modulation...

State Effects of Major Depression on the Assessment of Personality and Personality Disorder.

The American Journal of Psychiatry — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest that personality disorder diagnoses established during depressive episodes are a valid reflection of personality pathology rather than an artifact of depressive mood. PMID: 20160004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry)

[Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents.]

Revista de Neurologia — Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS. Further studies need to be conducted on the use of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation to treat different neurological and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, especially in diseases like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. PMID: 20198595 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista de Neurologia)

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Social, Family and Psychological Predictors of Obsessive--Compulsive Behaviour Among Children and Adolescents

School Psychology International — Mon, 15 Feb 2010 14:58:50 +0100

The incidence of ‘pure’ obsessive—compulsive disorders in the clinical population was found to be around 1.2 percent for a clinical sample record — stretching over a 2.5-year period — of around 2500 adolescents in a German child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. Over a 3-month period (time-frame) a sample of 350 new entries to the clinic were given a comprehensive series of questionnaires [Child Behaviour Checklist (YSR), Achenbach, 1991; Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R)] and clinical assessment measures of socio-psychological, medical and educational attitudes (Englert and Poustka, 1995). Two groups of low and high trait compulsive individuals were generated (using the Symptom Check List, SCL-90-R) and socio-demographic and individual differences examined between...

Viability of loose body fragments in osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. A series of cases

International Orthopaedics — Sun, 14 Feb 2010 06:54:58 +0100

This study showed that cartilage from detached OCD fragments remains viable before reattachment is performed. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00264-010-0951-6Authors Cecilia Pascual-Garrido, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Department of Orthopedic Surgery Buenos Aires ArgentinaIgnacio Tanoira, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Department of Orthopedic Surgery Buenos Aires ArgentinaDomingo L. Muscolo, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Department of Orthopedic Surgery Buenos Aires ArgentinaMiguel A. Ayerza, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Department of Orthopedic Surgery Buenos Aires ArgentinaArturo Makino, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires Department of Orthopedic Surgery Buenos Aires Argentina Journal International OrthopaedicsOnline ISSN 14...

Brief Report: Glutamate Transporter Gene (SLC1A1) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs301430) and Repetitive Behaviors and Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders — Sat, 13 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gadow KD, Roohi J, Devincent CJ, Kirsch S, Hatchwell E Investigated association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs301430 in glutamate transporter gene (SLC1A1) with severity of repetitive behaviors (obsessive-compulsive behaviors, tics) and anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mothers and/or teachers completed a validated DSM-IV-referenced rating scale for 67 children with autism spectrum disorder. Although analyses were not significant for repetitive behaviors, youths homozygous for the high expressing C allele had more severe anxiety than carriers of the T allele. Allelic variation in SLC1A1 may be a biomarker for or modifier of anxiety symptom severity in children with ASD, but study findings are best conceptualized as tentative pending replicati...

OCD and Relationships

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

If you have OCD or are the family member, friend or partner of someone with OCD you probably know that OCD and relationships can sometimes be difficult to cope with. Learn more about coping with OCD and relationships. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Genetics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 16:49:44 +0100

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common debilitating condition affecting individuals from childhood through adult life. There is good evidence of genetic contribution to its etiology, but environmental risk factors also are likely to be involved. The condition probably has a complex pattern of inheritance. Molecular studies have identified several potentially relevant genes, but much additional research is needed to establish definitive causes of the condition. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)

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Erratum

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 16:49:43 +0100

A typographical error appeared in the author affiliation information for article, “Management of Schizophrenia with Obsessive-Compulsive Features” by Drs Michael Y. Hwang, MD, Sung-Wan Kim, MD, PhD, Sun Young Yum, MD, and Lewis A. Opler, MD, PhD, published in the December 2009 issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America (Vol. 32, No. 4, p. 835). Only Dr Hwang is affiliated with Mental Health Service, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Hospital, Veterans Affairs Hudson Valley Healthcare System. The other authors are not affiliated with this institution. All other affiliation information is correct. (Source: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America)

OCD Subtypes

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The way in which OCD symptoms are experienced varies widely from person to person - there are many OCD symptom subtypes. In addition, OCD symptoms subtypes can present differently depending on when the OCD occurs. Finally, OCD symptoms can appear in vulnerable individuals in response to very specific circumstances such as infection or the birth of a child. Let’s explore the various OCD symptom subtypes. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Insight

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The OCD insight is often used in psychiatry and psychology to describe the extent to which the person affected by a OCD symptoms or behaviors acknowledges and understands the problematic or irrational nature of the OCD symptom or behavior being experienced. Learn more about the definition of OCD insight. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Fronto-striato-limbic hyperactivation in obsessive-compulsive disorder during individually tailored symptom provocation

Psychophysiology — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Anxiety disorders have been linked to a hyperactivated cortico-amygdalar circuitry, but the amygdala's role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unclear. This fMRI study examined the cortico-limbic correlates of individually tailored symptom provocation in 14 unmedicated OCD patients and 14 controls. In addition to OCD-relevant pictures, aversive and neutral control stimuli were included. Patients showed increased fronto-striatal activation to OCD-relevant stimuli contrasted with both control categories. Briefly presented symptom-related triggers elicited stronger amygdala engagement in patients than in controls. This effect, however, did also occur to aversive stimuli and was not symptom specific. Augmented amygdala involvement in patients reflects general...

Severe Personality Disturbances Can Be Treated: Indications From A Large Dutch Study

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 10:00:00 +0100

A large prospective multicenter study headed by Prof. Paul Emmelkamp (Amsterdam), published in the current issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, unravels new promising data on the psychotherapeutic treatment of severe personality disturbances. No previous studies have compared the effectiveness of different modalities of psychotherapeutic treatment, as defined by different settings and durations, for patients with cluster C personality disorders (PD) which encompasse avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive PD... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Coping with Postpartum OCD

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

New mothers often experience an array of emotions following the birth of a baby. However, for some woman, the postpartum period can trigger the onset of OCD symptoms. Have your OCD symptoms ever worsened following the birth of a child? If so, how did you cope and how were you treated? Help others learn how you coped. Share your experience. Coping with Postpartum OCD originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Thursday, February 18th, 2010 at 10:28:14.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

The effect of attention training on a behavioral test of contamination fears in individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 15:18:45 +0100

In the current study, we evaluated the effectiveness of attention training in individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We hypothesized that after completing attention training, participants would be more likely to complete steps in a hierarchy approaching their feared contaminant compared with participants in the control condition. Participants completed a probe detection task by identifying letters replacing one member of a pair of words (neutral or contamination related). We trained attention by building a contingency between the location of the contamination-related word in the active condition and not in the control condition. Participants in the active group showed a significant reduction in attention bias for threat and completed significantly more steps when appro...

Performance Monitoring and Error Significance in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Biological Psychology — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Endrass T, Schuermann B, Kaufmann C, Spielberg R, Kniesche R, Kathmann N Performance monitoring has been consistently found to be overactive in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study examines whether performance monitoring in OCD is adjusted with error significance. Therefore, errors in a flanker task were followed by neutral (standard condition) or punishment feedbacks (punishment condition). In the standard condition patients had significantly larger error-related (ERN) and correct-related negativities (CRN) than controls. But, in the punishment condition groups did not differ in ERN and CRN amplitudes. While healthy controls showed an amplitude enhancement between standard and punishment condition, OCD patients showed no variation. In contrast, group differe...

What Is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Mental Health News From Medical News Today — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. It causes obsessive thoughts and fears that lead to engage in compulsive behavior. It is a chronic mental health condition. A person suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder may realize that their obsessions are not reasonable, and may try to ignore them or stop them. But that only increases distress and anxiety... (Source: Mental Health News From Medical News Today)

Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Current Psychiatry Reviews — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 17:13:32 +0100

(Source: Current Psychiatry Reviews)

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Refining the diagnostic boundaries of compulsive hoarding: A critical review.

Clinical Psychology Review — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pertusa A, Frost RO, Fullana MA, Samuels J, Steketee G, Tolin D, Saxena S, Leckman JF, Mataix-Cols D Like most human behaviors, saving and collecting possessions can range from totally normal and adaptive to excessive or pathological. Hoarding, or compulsive hoarding, are some of the more commonly used terms to refer to this excessive form of collectionism. Hoarding is highly prevalent and, when severe, it is associated with substantial functional disability and represents a great burden for the sufferers, their families, and society in general. It is generally considered difficult to treat. Hoarding can occur in the context of a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Although it has frequently been considered a symptom (or symptom dimension) of obsessive-compulsi...

What Is the Best Way to Treat This Teen's OCD?

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 22:17:51 +0100

Test your knowledge with these USMLE sample questions. USMLEasy from McGraw-Hill (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Deep-brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in obsessive compulsive disorder: clinical, surgical and electrophysiological considerations in two consecutive patients

Neurological Sciences — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 06:49:20 +0100

Abstract Obsessive compulsive disorder is a highly disabling pathological condition which in the most severe and drug-resistant form can severely impair social, cognitive and interpersonal functioning. Deep-brain stimulation has been demonstrated to be an effective and safe interventional procedure in such refractory forms in selected cases. We here report the first Italian experience in the treatment of this pathology by means of nucleus accumbens stimulation, pointing out to some technical data which could be of help in localization of the target. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s10072-009-0214-8Authors Angelo Franzini, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Neurologico “Carlo Besta” Via Caloria 11 20133 Milan ItalyGiuseppe Messina, Fondazione I...

Excessive hoarding in Parkinson's disease

Movement Disorders — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study investigates hoarding tendency amongst patients with PD, and its association with impulsive-compulsive spectrum behaviors (ICBs). We compare clinical features, measures of hoarding, impulse buying, self-control, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety in 39 patients with PD with ICBs (PD + ICB), 61 patients with PD without ICBs (PD - ICB), and 50 healthy controls. A much higher proportion of PD + ICB (27.8%) than PD - ICB (3.5%) were hoarders (P = 0.001). 6% of healthy controls were hoarders. Compulsive shoppers scored higher than other varieties of ICB on excessive acquisition measures. Hoarding correlated positively with impulsive buying, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, PD duration, and negatively with self-control measures. Using multivariate regression analyzes...

Abnormalities of Visual Processing and Frontostriatal Systems in Body Dysmorphic Disorder [Original Article]

Archives of General Psychiatry — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 20:51:36 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest abnormalities in visual processing and frontostriatal systems in BDD. Hypoactivation in the occipital cortex for low spatial frequency faces may indicate either primary visual system abnormalities for configural face elements or top-down modulation of visual processing. Frontostriatal hyperactivity may be associated both with aversion and with symptoms of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. (Source: Archives of General Psychiatry)

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of No Benefit in OCD

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:01:37 +0100

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) had no therapeutic effect on refractory symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a small study in South Korea. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

From Impulsivity to Compulsivity: Neural and Neurochemical Basis

Videocast - All Events — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 13:56:00 +0100

Research in Dr. Robbins' lab spans the areas of cognitive neuroscience, behavioral neuroscience and psychopharmacology. Main work focuses on the functions of the frontal lobes of the brain and their connections with other regions. These brain systems are relevant to such psychiatric and neurological disorders as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, dementia, schizophrenia, depression, drug addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, as well as frontal lobe injury. Dr. Robbins' lab uses a variety of methods for studying these systems, including sophisticated psychological paradigms for investigating cognitive functions and impulsivity in both normal subjects and patients; these include the computerized CANTAB battery. Also employed is MRI or P...

Personalized Intervention for Hoarders at Risk of Eviction [Frontline Reports]

Psychiatr Serv — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 13:01:21 +0100

(Source: Psychiatr Serv)

Expert witnesses are likely to lose their protection against negligence

BMJ Online First — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 12:53:24 +0100

(Source: BMJ Online First)

Why the mirror lies

UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Everyone checks themselves in the mirror now and then, but that experience can be horrifying for individuals suffering from body dysmorphic disorder, or BDD, a psychiatric condition that causes them to believe, wrongly, that they appear disfigured and ugly. These people tend to fixate on minute details — every tiny blemish looms huge — rather than viewing their face as a whole. Now researchers at UCLA have determined that the brains of people with BDD have abnormalities in processing visual input, particularly when examining their own face. Further, they found that the same systems of the brain are overactive in both BDD and obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggesting a link between the two. The research appears in the February issue of the journal Archives of General Psych...

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Why the mirror lies

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 05:00:00 +0100

(University of California - Los Angeles) Researchers at UCLA have determined that the brains of people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a psychiatric condition that causes them, wrongly, to believe they appear disfigured and ugly, have abnormalities in processing visual input when it comes to examining their own face. Further, they found that the same systems of the brain are overactive in BDD and in obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggesting a link between the two. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Break The Nail Biting Habit

Disabled World — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 02:02:13 +0100

Nail biting, is related to skin picking and hair pulling. Skin picking, hair pulling, and nail biting are labeled as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. (Source: Disabled World)

Increased prevalence of nocturnal smoking in restless legs syndrome (RLS)

Sleep Medicine — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We demonstrate an increased prevalence of NS in patients with RLS, in many cases associated with increased SRED. NS may be associated with psychopathological traits in RLS and may be relevant in the management of RLS patients. (Source: Sleep Medicine)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in postmenopausal women: prevalence, clinical features, and comorbidity.

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: OCD was not rare in postmenopausal women admitted to a gynaecology outpatient clinic. In addition, OCD appears to be frequently comorbid with depressive or other anxiety disorders in the postmenopausal period. PMID: 20113307 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry)

Tourette's syndrome

Paediatrics and Child Health — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: TS is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by multiple motor tics and vocal tics which leads to significant social and educational impairment with frequent comorbid conditions such as ADHD, OCD. The diagnosis is based predominantly on the history and observation of the tics and there are no investigations which will prove or disprove TS. TS children may benefit from combined assessment from paediatricians and child psychiatry/psychology teams particularly if the children have associated comorbidities. Outcome is likely to be favourable in at least 50% of children. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)

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Types of OCD

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

There are at least 5 different types of OCD symptoms such as hoarding, obsessive thoughts with no compulsions and symmetry obsessions. What are you symptoms and how do you deal with them? Share Your Experience.Types of OCD originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Wednesday, February 10th, 2010 at 11:32:02.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

[The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in affective and anxiety disorders using functional neuroimaging.]

Revista de Neurologia — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS. At the present there is a very limited number of studies due to the complexity in implementing this type of researches. However, data suggest changes in metabolic activity after cognitive-behavioural therapy at the same time as the decrease of symptoms. Future studies should control the influence of variables such as comorbility and medication, which prevent more definitive conclusions. PMID: 20146190 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista de Neurologia)

Watch for OCD in Children With Tourette

Clinical Psychiatry News — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

COLORADO SPRINGS — Most children with Tourette syndrome don't need tic suppression medication, according to Dr. Samuel H. Zinner. “I tend to be a person who veers away from medications. I'm 1 of 15 physicians on the medical advisory board of the Tourette Syndrome Association, and very few of us think medication is the way to go. (Source: Clinical Psychiatry News)

Knowledge space theory, formal concept analysis, and computerized psychological assessment.

Behavior Research Methods — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Spoto A, Stefanutti L, Vidotto G In the present study, the use of knowledge space theory (KST), jointly with formal concept analysis (FCA), is proposed for developing a formal representation of the relations between the items of a questionnaire and a set of psychodiagnostic criteria. This formal representation can be used to develop an efficient adaptive tool for psychological assessment. Rusch and Wille (1996) have shown some interesting connections between KST and FCA; these connections are applied in the construction of knowledge structures, starting from a formal context representing the relations between items and criteria. The proposed general methodology was applied, as an example, to the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire. We used a data set provided by a sa...

Deep Brain Stimulation for Intractable Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Pilot Study Using a Blinded, Staggered-Onset Design

Biological Psychiatry — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that DBS of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum region is a promising therapy of last resort for carefully selected cases of severe and intractable OCD. Future research should attend to subject selection, lead location, DBS programming, and mechanisms underpinning therapeutic benefits. (Source: Biological Psychiatry)

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Socio-demographic Profile and Psychiatric Comorbidity of Subjects with Pathological Gambling.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study highlights the high rates of comorbidity in a largely Chinese sample in an Asian setting and the importance of assessing pathological gamblers for comorbidities. PMID: 20237734 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore)

Orbital frontal cortex in treatment-naïve pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 16:35:08 +0100

Abstract: The orbital frontal cortex (OFC) has been implicated in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Participants comprised 28 treatment-naïve pediatric OCD patients and 21 controls, who were examined using magnetic resonance imaging. OCD patients had larger right but not left OFC white matter volume than controls. This is fresh evidence implicating white matter in OCD. (Source: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging)

Reduced prefrontal gyrification in obsessive–compulsive disorder

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 12:15:23 +0100

In conclusion, prefrontal hypogyrification in OCD patients may be a structural correlate of the impairment in executive function of this patient group and may point to a neurodevelopmental origin of this disease. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00406-009-0096-zAuthors Thomas Wobrock, Georg-August-University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Von-Siebold-Str. 5 37075 Göttingen GermanyOliver Gruber, Georg-August-University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Von-Siebold-Str. 5 37075 Göttingen GermanyAndrew M. McIntosh, University of Edinburgh Department of Psychiatry Edinburgh UKSusanne Kraft, University of the Saarland Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Homburg/Saar GermanyAnne Klinghardt, Georg-August-University Department of P...

Doctors need better training to help war veterans

BMJ Online First — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 12:19:27 +0100

(Source: BMJ Online First)

OCD and Exercise

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Some recent studies suggest that adding exercise to your treatment package could be helpful for reducing OCD symptoms. Do you currently exercise? Have you found exercise helpful in reducing your OCD symptoms? If so, what kind of exercise have you found the most helpful? Share your experience.OCD and Exercise originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Monday, February 1st, 2010 at 20:44:43.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

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Health advice: germ-phobia

Telegraph Health — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 13:04:00 +0100

Britain's leading health and wellbeing specialists answer your questions. (Source: Telegraph Health)

Psychiatric disorders in adult-onset focal dystonia: A case-control study

Movement Disorders — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In a single-center, case-control study, we investigated the frequency and types of psychiatric disturbances in 89 consecutive patients with various primary focal dystonias (34 had cervical dystonia (CD), 28 blepharospasm (BPS), 16 laryngeal dystonia (LD), and 11 arm dystonia), 62 healthy control subjects and as controls for BPS, 26 patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). Patients and controls underwent a full psychiatric evaluation. Diagnosis was based on the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale, anxiety with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, the severity of depression with the Beck Depression Inventory. Of the 89 patients with focal dystonias studied, 51 patients (57.3%) had a diagnosis...

Dopamine receptor modulation of repetitive grooming actions in the rat: Potential relevance for Tourette syndrome.

Brain Research — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Taylor JL, Rajbhandari AK, Berridge KC, Aldridge JW Studies of rodent grooming can provide valuable insight for dopamine contributions to the initiation, organization, and repetition of motor patterns. This information is useful for understanding how brain dysfunctions contribute to movement disorders such as Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder, in which patients are driven to reiterate particular movement patterns. In rodents, dopamine D1 receptor stimulation causes a complex behavioral super-stereotypy in the form of excessive production and rigid execution of whole sequences of movements known as syntactic grooming chains. Sequential super-stereotypy of grooming chains may be particularly advantageous for modeling movement sequences and treatments in Tourett...

Tianeptine may be a therapeutic option for Tourette`s syndrome

Contemporary Clinical Trials — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Sudden, involuntary, repetitive muscle movements (motor tics) and vocalizations (vocal tics) characterize Tourette's syndrome (TS), which has been described first by the neurologist Gilles de la Tourette in 1885. The nature and complexity of the tics are usually variable over time with natural waxing and waning in frequency and severity. There are alsoassociated behavioral problems, such as obsessions and compulsions, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptom onset typically occurs during childhood or early adolescence. The etiopathogenesis of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome has not been ascertained, but the frontal-subcortical neural pathways seem to be involved. The syndrome is frequently associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder,...

Random Samples

Science: Current Issue — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 16:07:34 +0100

Surprise in the Y | Foreign Brains Sticking | Watery King | Doggy OCD (Source: Science: Current Issue)

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Are you addicted to sex?

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:05:35 +0100

For celebrities such as Tiger Woods, checking into a sex addiction clinic seems to be the norm these days when you have been accused of infidelity. But is it a real medical condition – or simply a convenient excuse?A lot of people tend to think sex addiction doesn't actually exist. That's not just ordinary people, those of us who only ever really get to hear about the issue when celebrities such as Tiger Woods or Russell Brand check into an exclusive clinic and who therefore can't help wondering, when the news miraculously finds its way into the media, how much this is about a genuine problem, and how much about a bit of well-timed and cleverly crafted PR.It's also something a lot of experts in the addiction field tend to think. Too much sex, they say, whether physical or virtu...

Response to OCD Medication

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Although treatment of OCD symptoms with OCD medication such as Prozac (Fluoxetine), Zoloft (Sertraline) and Paxil (Paroxetine) or the tricyclic antidepressant Anafranil (Clomipramine) can be effective, not everyone responds to OCD medication. Let’s explore the factors that predict whether you’ll respond to OCD medication. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Unilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Outcomes after one year

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 16:36:25 +0100

Conclusions: DBS of the unilateral right nucleus accumbens showed encouraging results in patients with treatment-resistant OCD. Five out of ten patients reached at least a partial response after the first year. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)

Belief in the obsessional doubt as a real probability and its relation to other obsessive-compulsive beliefs and to the severity of symptomatology.

The British Journal of Clinical Psychology — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 14:20:05 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Belief in the obsessional doubt as a real probability may be an important dimension to consider when evaluating OC beliefs in treatment resistant OCD, particularly in people who have low perceived ability to resist rituals. PMID: 20085687 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Clinical Psychology)

Night shifts/calls may lead to increased risk for cardiovascular disease

Clinical Cases and Images — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 13:18:02 +0100

The cardiovascular risks associated with night shift work in medical staff have been suspected for years. Coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence was investigated in a previous study of 79,109 women from the Nurses Health Study, and observed raised rates among night shift workers, particularly those who had worked for more than 6 years on rotating shifts (51% increased risk). Studies have also demonstrated an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome in shift workers. The authors of this study evaluated the effects of a 24 hour physicians on-call duty (OCD) (‘night shift’) compared with a ‘regular’ day at work on: - 24 hr electrocardiogram (ECG) - heart rate variability - blood pressure (BP) - serum and urine ‘stress markers’ Each physician completed a 24 h OCD and a 24 ...

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Dealing With Stigma in the Workplace

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

If you have OCD, work -- seeking out, obtaining and maintaining gainful employment -- can be extremely challenging. While symptoms of OCD can get in the way of completing the required duties of a particular job, there is also the significant challenge of stigma, prejudice and discrimination that is associated with mental illness. Have you ever been discriminated against at work because of your OCD? If so, how did you cope with it? Share your experience.Dealing With Stigma in the Workplace originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Thursday, January 28th, 2010 at 21:38:33.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Compulsive Dogs Yield Clues to Human OCD, Autism

MedicineNet Kids Health General — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: Compulsive Dogs Yield Clues to Human OCD, AutismCategory: Health NewsCreated: 1/19/2010 8:10:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 1/19/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Kids Health General)

Update on Deep Brain Stimulation for Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Neurobiology of Disease — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ward HE, Hwynn N, Okun MS Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven a powerful treatment for medication refractory movement disorders. Success in this group of patients has allowed preliminary studies of DBS to proceed in severe and medication resistant cases of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS). Pathophysiological and imaging studies along with attempts at lesioning the basal ganglia, have offered clues as to nodes in the circuitry that may be amenable to neuromodulation. DBS in neuropsychiatric illness has offered hope, but at this time rigorous screening by interdisciplinary and ethical teams should be employed when establishing treatment candidacy. A cautious approach to these disorders utilizing institutional review board approved ...

Scientists Find a Shared Gene in Dogs With Compulsive Behavior

NYT > Health — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 18:59:18 +0100

A key to understanding obsessive behavior in people may lie in some dogs. (Source: NYT > Health)

From Throat to Mind: Strep Today, Anxiety Later?

Scientific American Topic - Medical Technology — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 13:00:00 +0100

Can a case of strep throat lead to a mental disorder? Some children seem to acquire behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) after being infected with the Streptococcus bacterium, but for decades skeptics have claimed the connection is nothing but a coincidence. Now a new study in mice offers compelling evidence that strep can indeed affect the mind.In the 1980s Susan Swedo, a pediatrician at the National Institute of Mental Health, came across several cases of children who seemed to have developed tics and behaviors resembling OCD, such as excessive hand washing, overnight. Swedo noticed that the children in all the cases had recently recovered from strep throat. The traditional strep symptoms were gone, but when she did laboratory tests, Swedo found the children&rsqu...

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From Throat to Mind: Strep Today, Anxiety Later?

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 13:00:00 +0100

From Throat to Mind: Strep Today, Anxiety Later?

Scientific American Topic - Biotechnology — Mon, 18 Jan 2010 13:00:00 +0100

Dating Someone With OCD

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Although any intimate relationship has its ups and downs, dating someone with OCD can present some additional challenges as well as provides opportunities for growth. Above all, it is important to remember that an illness is what a person has, not who they are. Let’s explore how to cope with dating someone with OCD. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

The impact of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder on the treatment response of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:42:22 +0100

Abstract Few case series studies have addressed the issue of treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and there are no prospective studies addressing response to conventional treatment in OCD patients with a history of trauma (HT). The present study aimed to investigate, prospectively, the impact of HT or PTSD on two systematic, first-line treatments for OCD. Two hundred and nineteen non-treatment-resistant OCD outpatients were treated with either group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT n = 147) or monotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI n = 72). Presence of HT and PTSD were assessed at intake, as part of a broader clinical and demographical baselin...

Habit Reversal Training

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Habit reversal training is a behavioral therapy that is effective in reducing tics associated with Tourette’s syndrome as well as troublesome behaviors associated with impulse control disorders such trichotilomania (hair-pulling) and pathological skin picking. Let’s explore the basics of habit reversal training. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

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A Norwegian version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Revised: Psychometric properties

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Solem, S., Hjemdal, O., Vogel, P.A. & Stiles, T.C. (2010). A Norwegian version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory[ndash]Revised: Psychometric properties. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. The aims of this study were to test the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory[ndash]Revised (OCI-R). The study included a student/community control sample (N = 1167) and a clinical sample (N = 72) with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The results indicated a good fit for the six-factor structure of the OCI-R. The mean scores and standard deviations were similar to that of studies from other countries as was the internal consistency. The OCI-R scores were significantly higher in the OCD sample compared to the control sample. All the s...

Coping With Stigma

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

If you have OCD, work -- seeking out, obtaining and maintaining gainful employment -- can be extremely challenging. While symptoms of OCD can get in the way of completing the required duties of a particular job, there is also the significant challenge of stigma, prejudice and discrimination that is associated with mental illness. Have you ever been discriminated against at work because of your OCD? If so, how did you cope with it? Share your experience.Coping With Stigma originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Wednesday, January 20th, 2010 at 11:49:48.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Are people living next to mobile phone base stations more strained? Relationship of health concerns, self-estimated distance to base station, and psychological parameters

Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 17:03:59 +0100

Conclusions:</b> We conclude that self-declared base station neighbors are more strained than others. EMF-related health concerns cannot explain these findings. Further research should identify if actual EMF exposure or other factors are responsible for these results. (Source: Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine)

Prevalence of anxiety disorders in patients with refractory focal epilepsy-a prospective clinic based survey.

Epilepsy and Behaviour — Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, anxiety disorders are frequent in patients with refractory focal epilepsy, and clinicians should carefully examine their patients with this important comorbidity in mind. PMID: 20075009 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour)

Socioemotional deficits associated with obsessive–compulsive symptomatology

Psychiatry Research — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 16:57:28 +0100

Abstract: Increasing emphasis has been placed on the role of socioemotional functioning in models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study investigated whether OCD symptoms were associated with capacity for theory of mind (ToM) and basic affect recognition. Non-clinical volunteers (N=204) completed self report measures of OCD and general psychopathology, in addition to behavioral measures of ToM and affect recognition. The results indicated that higher OCD symptoms were associated with reduced ToM, as well as reduced accuracy decoding the specific emotion of disgust. Importantly, these relationships could not be attributed to other, more general features of psychopathology. The findings of the current study therefore further our understanding of how the processing and inte...

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Relaxation Techniques for OCD

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Given that stress is a major trigger of OCD symptoms one of the best ways to cope with OCD symptoms is to learn and practice a number of relaxation techniques. Let’s explore a number of easy relaxation techniques as well as look at OCD symptoms and relaxation techniques. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

A Naturalistic Exploratory Study of the Impact of Demographic, Phenotypic and Comorbid Features in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Karger Publishers — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Psychopathology 2010;43:6978 (DOI:10.1159/000274175) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Canine compulsive disorder gene identified in dogs

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Massachusetts Medical School) A collaboration between the University of Massachusetts Medical School, the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University and the Broad Institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has identified a genetic locus on canine chromosome 7 which coincides with an increased risk of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) susceptibility. The findings suggest that particular genetic proteins may possibly influence central nervous system development and increase the risk of OCD. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Canine compulsive disorder gene identified

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Thu, 07 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100

OCD and Depression

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

If you have OCD, you probably know that you are at a greater risk for developing other forms of mental illness. One of the most common mental illnesses to occur with OCD is major depressive disorder. Unfortunately, the presence of depression can often have a negative impact on the treatment of OCD symptoms. Have your OCD symptoms made you feel depressed from time to time? If so, what have you found effective for dealing with symptoms of depression? Share your experience.OCD and Depression originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Wednesday, January 13th, 2010 at 13:43:13.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

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Consistency of diagnostic thresholds in DSM-V.

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry — Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The diagnostic thresholds for social phobia and for obsessive-compulsive disorder are less stringent than that for the other disorders and require revision in DSM-V. PMID: 20050722 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry)

Effectiveness of group-based cognitive-behavioural therapy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder [Original papers]

Psychiatric Bulletin — Mon, 04 Jan 2010 20:19:31 +0100

Aims and method To establish whether cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) with response and exposure prevention (ERP) is effective in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty-four patients with OCD, divided into four groups, participated in ten sessions of group CBT. All patients completed the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) pre- and post-treatment. Results The mean (s.d.) YBOC score post-treatment was 17.1 (5.8). This was significantly lower than the mean (s.d.) YBOC pre-treatment (24.7 (6.1); t = 8.4, d.f. = 23, P<0.005). A significant reduction was also observed in relation to all othe...

"Quo Vadis": OCD in the next decade (2010-01-11)

Institute of Psychiatry | Events — Mon, 04 Jan 2010 16:27:15 +0100

Abstract will follow shortly In the Lecture Theatre of the Academic Neuroscience Building (**Please note the change of the venue. A map is provided here for your information: <a title="http://www.iop.kcl.ac.uk/virtual/?path=/about/how-to-find-the-institute-of-psychiatry/" href="/virtual/?path=/about/how-to-find-the-institute-of-psychiatry/::<u title="http://www.io (Source: Institute of Psychiatry | Events)

Review paper Deep brain stimulation in the surgical management of major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Mon, 04 Jan 2010 12:44:26 +0100

Despite significant advances in psychopharmacology, many patients with psychiatric disorders remain severely impaired by their conditions in their private, professional and social lives. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a proven method of surgical management of Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and essential tremor. Electrodes implanted in deep brain structures have a direct neuromodulatory effect on neuronal structures responsible not only for movement disorders but also for psychiatric disorders. The stereotactic targets for psychiatric disorders include limbic parts of the nuclei of the limbic neuronal loop. At present, DBS is applied to treat medically refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and Tourette syndrome in small groups of patients. This overview includes the...

Association between clinical signs and histopathologic changes in the synovium of the tarsocrural joint of horses with osteochondritis dissecans of the tibia.

American Journal of Veterinary Research — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The scoring system was helpful for evaluating synovial inflammation caused by OCD of the intermediate ridge of the tibia in horses. Histopathologic signs of synovial inflammation were associated with effusion but not with lameness. PMID: 20043780 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Veterinary Research)

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Poster 28: Delphi Process for the Development of Treatment Guidelines for Behavioral Symptoms and Chorea in Huntington's Disease

Neurotherapeutics — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Many areas of variability in the treatment for irritability, O/Cs, and chorea in HD, even among expert clinicians, have been identified. Results will guide future rounds of the Delphi process to elicit rational causes for the differences identified. Collection of further data on consensus will begin in November of 2009. When complete, this process will clarify useful treatment paradigms that will improve patient care and identify areas in which clinical trials would be most useful. (Source: Neurotherapeutics)

Can behavioral problems lead to neurological abnormalities? A case report

Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

It is widely accepted that some diseases may lead to behavioral changes. Reports of behavioral conditions contributing to the development of diseases are much less common. In contrast, there is a well know condition in humans called hysterical conversion. In this paper, we report a case of an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which appears to be the consequence of a neurological disorder that was preceded by an stressful event and resolved after behavioral modification. (Source: Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research)

Enhancement of Ornithine Production in Proline-Supplemented Corynebacterium glutamicum by Ornithine Cyclodeaminase.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum and its derived mutants were used to demonstrate the relationship between proline, glutamate and ornithine. The maximum ornithine production was shown in the culture medium (3295.0 mg/l) when the cells were cultured with 20 mM proline and was 15.5 times higher than in the presence of 1 mM proline. However, glutamate, which known as an intermediate in the process of converting proline to ornithine, did not have any positive effect on ornithine production. This suggests that the conversion of proline to ornithine through glutamate, is not possible in C. glutamicum. Comparative analysis between the wild-type strain, SJC8043 (argF-, argR-) and SJC8064 (argF-, argR- and ocd-), showed that C. glutamicum could regulate ornithine production by ornithine cy...

Dimensional predictors of response to SRI pharmacotherapy in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Journal of Affective Disorders — Tue, 29 Dec 2009 14:37:29 +0100

Conclusions: Patients with OCD vary in their response to SRIs. The presence of AGG/SR symptoms is associated with an initial positive response to SRIs. These data add to the growing body of work linking central serotonin systems with aggressive behavior. (Source: Journal of Affective Disorders)

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Is mindfulness-based therapy an effective intervention for obsessive-intrusive thoughts: a case series

Clinical Psychology — Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Despite the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural interventions in improving the experience of obsessions and compulsions, some people do not benefit from this approach. The present research uses a case series design to establish whether mindfulness-based therapy could benefit those experiencing obsessive-intrusive thoughts by targeting thought-action fusion and thought suppression. Three participants received a relaxation control intervention followed by a six-session mindfulness-based intervention which emphasized daily practice. Following therapy all participants demonstrated reductions in Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores to below clinical levels, with two participants maintaining this at follow-up. Qualitative analysis of post-therapy feedback suggested that mindfulness skills ...

Autism and ADHD Symptoms in Patients with OCD: Are They Associated with Specific OC Symptom Dimensions or OC Symptom Severity?

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders — Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, attention switching problems may reflect both symptom overlap and a common etiological factor underlying ASD, ADHD and OCD. PMID: 20039111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders)

Parenting a Child With OCD

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Parenting is one of the hardest jobs you'll ever have - especially when your child has a chronic illness like OCD. While it can sometimes feel overwhelming, many parents develop excellent coping strategies for managing both their child's OCD symptoms as well as their own stress levels. If you are the parent of a child with OCD, what coping strategies have you found to be helpful? Share your experience.Parenting a Child With OCD originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Wednesday, January 6th, 2010 at 08:00:53.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Tic disorders and the premonitory urge

Journal of Neural Transmission — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 22:30:17 +0100

Abstract The aims of this study were to examine a non-English (Hebrew) version of a scale that measures the premonitory urge in children suffering from tic disorder, as well as examine the correlations of the urge with demographic and clinical aspects of Tourette Syndrome. Forty children and adolescents, suffering from tics participated in this study. They were assessed with the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS); the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS); the Childhood Version of the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS); the ADHD Rating Scale IV (Conners) Scale; the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED); and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI). The mean PUTS score was 20.15 (SD = 5.89). For the entire sample the PUTS was f...

Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Help Brain Cope With Overload

Modern Medicine — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Low intake of omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the brain's ability to handle sensory overload, which could explain some of the symptoms seen in conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit disorder, according to an animal study published in the December issue of Behavioral Neuroscience. (Source: Modern Medicine)

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Impulse-control disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Psychiatry Research — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 16:26:00 +0100

We examined rates and clinical correlates of comorbid ICDs in 70 consecutive child and adolescent subjects with lifetime DSM-IV OCD (32.9% females; mean age=13.8±2.9 years). Comorbidity data were obtained with structured clinical interviews using DSM-IV criteria. OCD severity was assessed with the Child Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. All variables were compared in OCD subjects with and without current ICDs. 12 (17.1%) subjects met criteria for a current ICD. Pathological skin picking and compulsive nail biting were the most common ICDs with current rates of 12.8% and 10.0%, respectively. OCD subjects with current ICDs were significantly more likely to have a co-occurring tic disorder (66.7% vs. 20.7%). Although having an ICD was associated with greater numerical scores of OCD sym...

Dissociation of decisions in ambiguous and risky situations in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Psychiatry Research — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 16:26:00 +0100

Abstract: Patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) often show deficits in everyday decision-making, a phenomenon which is leading to a growing research interest in neuropsychological aspects of decision-making in OCD. Previous investigations of OCD patients demonstrated deficits in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a decision-making task with implicit rules. Results were interpreted as reflecting orbitofrontal cortex dysfunctions observed in OCD. The aim of the present study is to investigate OCD patients' performance on the Game of Dice Task (GDT), a decision-making task with explicit and stable rules. For this purpose, 23 patients with OCD and 22 healthy comparison subjects were examined with the GDT and the IGT as well as with tests of executive functioning. While patients perfor...

The characteristics of decision making, potential to take risks, and personality of college students with Internet addiction

Psychiatry Research — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 16:26:00 +0100

This study aimed to identify risk factors involved in Internet addiction. A total of 216 college students (132 males and 84 females) were given the following: (a) the diagnostic interview for Internet addiction, (b) the Iowa gambling test for decision-making deficits, (c) the Balloon Analog Risk Test (BART) to assess risk-taking tendencies, and (d) the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) for personality characteristics. The results revealed the following: (a) 49% of males and 17% of females were addicted, (b) the addicted students tended to select more advantageous cards in the last 40 cards of the Iowa test, indicating better decision making, (c) no difference was found for the BART, indicating that addicted subjects were not more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviors and (...

Suicidal ideation in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Psychiatry Research — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 16:25:59 +0100

Abstract: The risk factors for suicidal behaviour in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been less studied compared than in other anxiety disorders. In the present study, we examined the demographic and clinical correlates of current suicidal ideation (SI) in patients with OCD. Forty-four patients were grouped into those with (n=23) and without current SI (n=21) as assessed by the Scale for Suicidal Ideation. The Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess the obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptomatology. Following Bonferroni correction, only the severity of depression differed significantly between the two groups. The presence of major depression and aggressive obsessions, the level of hopelessness, and the severity of OC symptomatology were significant predicto...

OCD and Insight

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

A lack of OCD insight can present a major challenge OCD treatment. Let’s explore the impact of OCD insight into OCD symptoms and OCD treatment. (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

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Theory of mind in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Comparison with healthy controls.

European Psychiatry — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These results show "basic" ToM abilities of OCD patients are generally preserved, but they show significant reduction in their "advanced" ToM abilities, which seem to be related to their reduced memory capacities. The possible reasons for the relation between memory and ToM impairments, as well as the clinical significance of ToM deficits in OCD are discussed. PMID: 20034768 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Psychiatry)

When Did Your OCD Symptoms Start?

About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder — Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Although OCD symptoms can begin at almost any age, research suggests that there are two distinct periods when OCD symptoms are most likely to appear. The first occurs around the ages of 10 to 12 or just before puberty, and the second is between the ages of 18 to 23. When did your OCD symptoms first begin? Share your experience.When Did Your OCD Symptoms Start? originally appeared on About.com Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on Tuesday, December 29th, 2009 at 07:38:27.Permalink | Comment | Email this (Source: About.com Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

Ocular and Orbital Manifestations of the Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: Fanconi Anemia and Dyskeratosis Congenita

Ophthalmology — Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Syndrome-specific ocular findings are associated with FA and DC and may antedate diagnosis of the specific syndrome. Early recognition of these abnormalities is important for optimal management.Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. (Source: Ophthalmology)

Distinguishing Between Normal versus Abnormal

Psychology Today Personality Center — Sun, 20 Dec 2009 21:30:41 +0100

In conclusion, motivation is an important consideration when deciding if a behavior or trait is normal versus abnormal. Freud explained a wide range of diverse personality traits in terms of a single unconscious motive, the desire to reduce anxiety. This assumption is invalid because anxiety reduction is not the universal motive for personality development. In contrast, multifaceted theory recognizes a wide range of normal intrinsic motives that not only explain personality traits, but also predict behaviors in natural environments. By focusing on conscious purposes and intrinsic values, we can demonstrate that much of what Freud called an abnormal expression of unconscious personality dynamics is really a normal expression of unconventional values. Once we replace Freud's abnormal motive ...

MedWorm: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Can Strep Throat Lead to Behavior Problems?

From the prehospital literature

The role of NMDA receptors in the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive–compulsive disorder

Frontostriatal activation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after cognitive behavioral therapy.

Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

Rescuing Yourself From Rescuing Relationships (3): Coping with Aftereffects

The obsessive–compulsive spectrum in the perinatal period: a prospective pilot study

Bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with higher rates of anxiety and impulse control disorders

Genetics of early-onset obsessive–compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the diagnostic criteria and possible subtypes and dimensional specifiers for DSM-V

The prevalence and correlates of adult separation anxiety disorder in an anxiety clinic

Memory and strategic processing in first-degree relatives of obsessive compulsive patients.

OCD and Anxiety Disorders

Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in drug-naïve obsessive–compulsive patients: A case–control study

Chronic medication does not affect hyperactive error responses in obsessive-compulsive disorder

[Psychogenic Purpura with Hematuria and Sexual Pain Disorder: A Case Report.]

An Open Trial of Intensive Family Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Who Are Medication Partial Responders or Nonresponders

Did Evagrius Ponticus (AD 346-99) have obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Review: Intravenous anti-obsessive agents: a review

Quetiapine versus clomipramine in the augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, open-label trial

Lamotrigine as an augmentation agent in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report

Psychosurgery Makes Gentle Comeback

Psychosurgery Makes Gentle Comeback

Sodium oxybate in the treatment of binge eating disorder: An open-label, prospective study

Psychosurgery makes gentle comeback

Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: systematic review

Parenting a Child With OCD

Does clinical experience or professional training have an impact on what symptoms are thought to be important features of depression?

Dopaminergic modulation of the orbitofrontal cortex affects attention, motivation and impulsive responding in rats performing the five-choice serial reaction time task.

Sex addiction divides mental health experts

Increased Activation of the ACC During a Spatial Working Memory Task in Alcohol-Dependence Versus Heavy Social Drinking.

Comorbidity of Enuresis in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Predictors of early adulthood quality of life in children with obsessive–compulsive disorder

[Pathological buying : A review of the current knowledge regarding this condition of behavioral excess.]

Beyond postural tachycardia syndrome

Part III Sex, Game Theory & More (To Wait or Not to Wait - That is the Question)

Dysfunctional Attitudes and Perfectionism and Their Relationship to Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

OCD and College

Table of Contents

Development of a Patient Adherence Scale for Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy.

Development and Validation of a Child Version of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory.

Book Reviews

Chasing Ewan McGregor

DSM5 Proposal Triggers Anxiety, Not Tics

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS): a Controversial Diagnosis

Lack of benefit of accumbens/capsular deep brain stimulation in a patient with both tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Feeling of doing in obsessive-compulsive checking.

Our Addiction to Tiger Woods’ “Sex Addiction”

High-Dose Glycine Treatment of Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder in a 5-Year Period

Coping With OCD on Vacation

Orienting and maintenance of gaze in contamination fear: Biases for disgust and fear cues. - Armstrong T, Olatunji BO, Sarawgi S, Simmons C.

Review: pharmacotherapy increases response and reduces symptom severity in paediatric anxiety disorders

Evaluation of quality of life therapy for parents of children with obsessive–compulsive disorders in Iran

Fronto-cingulate effective connectivity in obsessive compulsive disorder: A study with fMRI and dynamic causal modeling

State Effects of Major Depression on the Assessment of Personality and Personality Disorder.

[Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents.]

Social, Family and Psychological Predictors of Obsessive--Compulsive Behaviour Among Children and Adolescents

Viability of loose body fragments in osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. A series of cases

Brief Report: Glutamate Transporter Gene (SLC1A1) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs301430) and Repetitive Behaviors and Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

OCD and Relationships

Genetics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Erratum

OCD Subtypes

Insight

Fronto-striato-limbic hyperactivation in obsessive-compulsive disorder during individually tailored symptom provocation

Severe Personality Disturbances Can Be Treated: Indications From A Large Dutch Study

Coping with Postpartum OCD

The effect of attention training on a behavioral test of contamination fears in individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Performance Monitoring and Error Significance in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

What Is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Refining the diagnostic boundaries of compulsive hoarding: A critical review.

What Is the Best Way to Treat This Teen's OCD?

Deep-brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in obsessive compulsive disorder: clinical, surgical and electrophysiological considerations in two consecutive patients

Excessive hoarding in Parkinson's disease

Abnormalities of Visual Processing and Frontostriatal Systems in Body Dysmorphic Disorder [Original Article]

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of No Benefit in OCD

From Impulsivity to Compulsivity: Neural and Neurochemical Basis

Personalized Intervention for Hoarders at Risk of Eviction [Frontline Reports]