MedWorm: Ulcerative Colitis

Outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing straight vs J pouch ileoanal anastomosis: a multicenter analysis

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Straight ileoanal anastomosis and JPAA are associated with considerable morbidity; SIAA has higher stool frequency and JPAA has increased pouchitis. Over time, we found that problems improved, and functional stooling scores became similar. JPAA had consistently lower stool frequency and better continence rates; however, these differences were small and may have minimal clinical significance. In addition, such differences need to be balanced against the high rate of pouchitis with JPAA. Continence was excellent regardless of the technique. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

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Systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis.

Lupus — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 22:51:06 +0100

Authors: Medeiros D, Isenberg D PMID: 19502276 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Lupus)

Luminal cathepsin g and protease-activated receptor 4: a duet involved in alterations of the colonic epithelial barrier in ulcerative colitis.

The American Journal of Pathology — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 20:41:53 +0100

Authors: Dabek M, Ferrier L, Roka R, Gecse K, Annahazi A, Moreau J, Escourrou J, Cartier C, Chaumaz G, Leveque M, Ait-Belgnaoui A, Wittmann T, Theodorou V, Bueno L Impairment of the colonic epithelial barrier and neutrophil infiltration are common features of inflammatory bowel disease. Luminal proteases affect colonic permeability through protease-activated receptors (PARs). We evaluated: (i) whether fecal supernatants from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) trigger alterations of colonic paracellular permeability and inflammation, and (ii) the roles of cathepsin G (Cat-G), a neutrophil serine protease, and its selective receptor, PAR(4), in these processes. Expression levels of both PAR(4) and Cat-G were determined in colonic biopsies from UC and healthy subjects. The effects of U...

Novel polymeric film coatings for colon targeting: Drug release from coated pellets.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 15:56:32 +0100

Authors: Karrout Y, Neut C, Wils D, Siepmann F, Deremaux L, Flament MP, Dubreuil L, Desreumaux P, Siepmann J The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize novel types of polymer coated pellets allowing for the site-specific delivery of drugs to the colon. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)-loaded beads were prepared by extrusion-spheronization and coated with different Nutriose:ethylcellulose blends. In vitro drug release from these systems was measured under various conditions, including the exposure to fresh fecal samples from inflammatory bowel disease patients under anaerobic conditions. Nutriose is a starch derivative, which is preferentially degraded by enzymes secreted by the microflora in the colon of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Interestingly, the releas...

Recent understanding of leukocytapheresis (LCAP) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 15:42:04 +0100

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action, available clinical data, and possible future perspectives for the use of LCAP with Cellsorba in the management of IBD. Leukocytapheresis appears to remove or inactivate inflammatory cells, to reset immunity by modulating immune system components like cytokines, and to repair the intestinal mucosa by mobilizing mesenchymal progenitors. Although the majority of clinical studies had an open-label design and enrolled only a small number of patients, leukocytapheresis has been demonstrated to exert clinical efficacy with an excellent safety profile. Although leukocytapheresis with Cellsorba appears very promising, its future in the treatment of IBD requires further evaluation. PMID...

The therapeutic impact of manipulating microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 15:42:04 +0100

Authors: Kanauchi O, Mitsuyama K, Andoh A It is well established that intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Various methods of altering the composition of intestinal microbiota have been examined. Recent evidence suggests that the administration of select prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics may improve the clinical outcome of patients with IBD. In addition, IBD patients are well known to carry a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer due to chronic inflammation. Therefore, probiotics and/or prebiotics may be appropriate treatments for prophylactic use due to their physiologic characteristics and lack of obvious toxicity. This review summarizes the current experimenta...

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Recent advances in molecular approaches to gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 15:42:04 +0100

Authors: Andoh A, Benno Y, Kanauchi O, Fujiyama Y Inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD], are chronic intestinal disorders of unknown etiology. UC and CD are heterogeneous diseases characterized by various genetic abnormalities that lead to overly aggressive T-cell responses to a subset of commensal enteric bacteria in genetically susceptible individuals. As one of critical factors involved in pathogenesis of IBD, relative imbalance of aggressive and protective bacterial species, termed dysbiosis, has been reported by various literatures. Since early days of microbiology, representatives of microbial species [over 400 species] have been isolated from human gastrointestinal tract, and analyses of dysbiosis in IBD were mainly dependent on cult...

The gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 15:42:04 +0100

Authors: Macfarlane GT, Blackett KL, Nakayama T, Steed H, Macfarlane S Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two principal forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The root causes of these chronic and acute immunological disorders are unclear, but intestinal microorganisms are known to play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of disease. However, at present, there is no clear evidence for a single transmissible agent being involved in IBD aetiology. Although marked alterations occur in faecal and mucosal bacterial communities in IBD, it is unclear whether they are responsible for causing disease, or are due to changes in the gut environment that result from inflammatory reactions and extensive tissue destruction. Despite the involvement of microorganisms in inflamma...

Probiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence from studies conducted in humans.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Sat, 27 Jun 2009 15:42:04 +0100

Authors: Lomax AR, Calder PC A number of studies have been performed examining the influence of various probiotic organisms, either alone or in combination, on immune parameters, infectious outcomes, and inflammatory conditions in humans. Some components of the immune response, including phagocytosis, natural killer cell activity and mucosal immunoglobulin A production (especially in children), can be improved by some probiotic bacteria. Other components, including lymphocyte proliferation, the production of cytokines and of antibodies other than immunoglobulin A appear less sensitive to probiotics. Probiotics, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, administered to children can reduce incidence and duration of diarrhoea, but the precise effects depend upon the nature of the conditi...

Another cause of “segmental” inflammation in ulcerative colitis

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Fri, 26 Jun 2009 14:20:40 +0100

To the Editor: I recently had the opportunity to review Dr Brandt's commentary relating to a “cecal patch” that was noted colonoscopically in a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC). In his commentary, Dr Brandt describes 2 types of segmental inflammatory change that may be seen in patients with UC (cecal patch and backwash ileitis). I would take this opportunity to add a third scenario to this list. (Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)

Response

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy — Fri, 26 Jun 2009 14:20:40 +0100

Dr Yarze is, of course, correct that use of topical agents administered per rectum, especially glucocorticoids such as foam, enema, or even suppository, can heal or significantly improve the appearance of proctitis, thereby giving the appearance of segmental colitis in patients with ulcerative colitis not involving the entire colon. It is interesting to note that ulcerative colitis in children may not initially present with rectal involvement, so, this too is another source of diagnostic confusion. (Source: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy)

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Compugen Announces Positive Therapeutic Effects Of Novel Peptide In Animal Model Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 11:00:00 +0100

Compugen Ltd. (NASDAQ:CGEN) announced that CGEN-25007, a novel peptide antagonist of gp96 with potent anti-inflammatory activity, has shown positive therapeutic effects in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a commonly used term covering ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Incidence and prevalence rates of inflammatory bowel diseases, in midwestern of São Paulo State, Brazil

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia — Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:40:22 +0100

CONCLUSION: The inflammatory bowel diseases incidence in the studied area was as low as in other countries of Latin America and smaller than that found in countries of South Europe. The crescent prevalence justifies the policies to adequate medical cares for inflammatory bowel diseases patients in this area.CONTEXTO: No Brasil, a incidência e prevalência populacionais das doenças inflamatórias intestinais são desconhecidas. OBJETIVO: Neste trabalho, estimou-se esses parâmetros na área que abrange a antiga região de saúde DIR 11, no centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Usou-se um registro sequencial de 115 pacientes (>15 anos de idade) com doenças inflamatórias intestinais, residindo na área de estudo, atendidos durante período de 20 anos (1986-2005) em hospital de r...

Impact of experimental colitis on hepatobiliary transporter expression and bile duct injury in mice

Liver International — Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

The pathogenetic link between ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis (SC) is unclear. We hypothesized that colitis induces changes in bile composition via inflammation-induced reduction of hepatobiliary transporter gene expression, ultimately resulting in cholestasis and bile duct injury. Alterations in transporter expression and bile secretion in acute dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice serving as positive control. Whether chronic DSS-colitis elicits cholangitis in genetically predisposed animals was studied in heterozygous multidrug resistance gene 2 knockout mice (Mdr2+/[minus]). LPS but not DSS-colitis changed major hepatobiliary transporters (Ntcp, Bsep, Mrp2-4, Ost[alpha]/[beta], Abcg5/8, Oatp1[ndash]4, Mdr1b ...

SAPHO syndrome in an adult with ulcerative colitis responsive to intravenous pamidronate: a case report and review of the literature

Rheumatology International — Wed, 24 Jun 2009 06:05:30 +0100

We present a 39-year-old patient with chronic ulcerative colitis who developed enteropathic SAPHO and responded well to pamidronate. We discuss the clinicopathological features with particular attention to bone pathology, and perform a literature review of this fascinating syndrome. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00296-009-1021-5Authors Keith Siau, Musgrove Park Hospital Department of Rheumatology Taunton TA1 5DA UKCatherine J. Laversuch, Musgrove Park Hospital Department of Rheumatology Taunton TA1 5DA UK Journal Rheumatology InternationalOnline ISSN 1437-160XPrint ISSN 0172-8172 (Source: Rheumatology International)

Increased mucosal nitric oxide production in ulcerative colitis is mediated in part by the enteroglial-derived S100B protein

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Tue, 23 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract In the central nervous system glial-derived S100B protein has been associated with inflammation via nitric oxide (NO) production. As the role of enteroglial cells in inflammatory bowel disease has been poorly investigated in humans, we evaluated the association of S100B and NO production in ulcerative colitis (UC). S100B mRNA and protein expression, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, and NO production were evaluated in rectal biopsies from 30 controls and 35 UC patients. To verify the correlation between S100B and NO production, biopsies were exposed to S100B, in the presence or absence of specific receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) blocking antibody, to measure iNOS expression and nitrite production. S100B and iNOS expression were evaluated after incubation...

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European evidence-based consensus on the management of ulcerative colitis - special situations

Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Prevention — Mon, 22 Jun 2009 15:08:31 +0100

Published February 2008.Aims: This document sets out the current European Consensus on the diagnosis and management of UC, reached by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) at a meeting held in Berlin on 20th October 2006. ECCO is a forum for specialists in inflammatory bowel disease from 23 European countries. Like the initial Consensus on the management of Crohn's disease, the current Consensus is grouped into three parts: definitions and diagnosis; current management; and management of special situations. This third section is on special situations including pouch disorders, cancer surveillance, pregnancy, paediatrics, psychosomatics, extra-intestinal manifestations and alternative therapy. (Source: Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Prevention)

European evidence-based consensus on the management of ulcerative colitis - current management

Mon, 22 Jun 2009 15:03:16 +0100

Published February 2008.Aims: This document sets out the current European Consensus on the diagnosis and management of UC, reached by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) at a meeting held in Berlin on 20th October 2006. ECCO is a forum for specialists in inflammatory bowel disease from 23 European countries. Like the initial Consensus on the management of Crohn's disease, the current Consensus is grouped into three parts: definitions and diagnosis; current management; and management of special situations. This second section is on current management, including treatment of active disease, maintenance of medically-induced remission and surgery of UC. (Source: Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Inflammatory bowel disease)

European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis - definitions and diagnosis

Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Diagnostic procedures — Mon, 22 Jun 2009 15:00:07 +0100

Published in February 2008Aims: This document sets out the current European Consensus on the diagnosis and management of UC, reached by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) at a meeting held in Berlin on 20th October 2006. ECCO is a forum for specialists in inflammatory bowel disease from 23 European countries. Like the initial Consensus on the management of Crohn's disease, the current Consensus is grouped into three parts: definitions and diagnosis; current management; and management of special situations. This first section concerns aims, methods and definitions of the Consensus, as well as classification, diagnosis, imaging and pathology of UC. (Source: Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Diagnostic procedures)

Oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: a review based on the observation of six cases

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises two chronic, tissue-destructive, clinical entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both immunologically based. Bowel symptoms are predominant, but extra-intestinal complications may occur, including involvement of the oral cavity. Oral involvement during IBD includes several types of lesions: the most common are aphthae; uncommon lesions include, among others, pyostomatitis vegetans and granulomatous lesions of CD. Starting with a presentation of six patients with oral manifestations, which were crucial for the final diagnosis of IBD, a review on the subject is presented. Oral involvement in IBD may be previous or simultaneous to the gastrointestinal symptoms. However, in the majority of cases, bowel disease precedes the onset o...

Refractory diverticular colitis with progressive ulcerative colitis-like changes extending to the rectum

Digestive Endoscopy — Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

A 68-year-old man visited our department because of diarrhea and bloody stools. Colonoscopy revealed diverticula scattered in the sigmoid colon with localized mucosal edema and reddening. The mucosa became somewhat rough 9 months later, and had an erosive, ulcerative colitis (UC)-like appearance after a further 6 months, with these changes extending to the rectum. These findings led to a diagnosis of diverticular colitis (DC) with UC-like changes. The condition was refractory to treatment including drug therapy and was thus surgically treated. No cases of DC have been reported in Japan, and a refractory case of DC with progressive UC-like changes extending to the rectum is rare even in Europe and the USA. (Source: Digestive Endoscopy)

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Analysis of mutations in TP53, APC, K-ras, and DCC genes in the non-dysplastic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease

International Journal of Colorectal Disease — Sat, 20 Jun 2009 06:00:51 +0100

Conclusions Mutations in APC gene may occur in the non-dysplastic CD mucosa of patients with disease for more than 10 years. The follow-up of these patients will show the likelihood of mutant APC progressing to CRC in CD. Further analysis will be required for evaluating the impact of these findings in the context of cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00384-009-0748-5Authors Davy Carlos Mendes Rapozo, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil 20551030Ana Braunstein Grinmann, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciê...

Familial association between type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune and related diseases

Diabetologia — Sat, 20 Jun 2009 05:59:53 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation The concordant familial risks for type 1 diabetes were high and the calculated risk for multiplex families and monozygotic twins may be explained by epistatic gene × gene or gene × environment interactions. Familial associations with several autoimmune and related diseases suggest genetic sharing and challenge to gene identification. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-009-1427-3Authors K. Hemminki, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 69120 Heidelberg GermanyX. Li, Lund University Center for Primary Health Care Research Malmö SwedenJ. Sundquist, Lund University Center for Primary Health Care Research Malmö SwedenK. Sundquist, Karolinska...

Comprehensive Linkage and Association Analyses Identify Haplotype, Near to the TNFSF15 Gene, Significantly Associated with Spondyloarthritis

PLoS Genetics — Thu, 18 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Author Summary Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a common variety of articular inflammatory disorder characterized by axial and/or peripheral arthritis, frequently associated with extra-articular manifestations such as psoriasis, uveitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (CD)). SpA is a complex disorder with high heritability. The MHC class I HLA-B27 allele is a very strong risk factor for its development, but other genetic factors located outside the MHC also play a role in disease susceptibility. By a previous whole-genome linkage investigation, we have demonstrated that a region located on the chromosome 9q31–34 was involved in SpA susceptibility. The present study aimed to further characterize this locus. Using a stepwise linkage and association approa...

Major Scots Study Tackles Bowel Disease In Kids

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 18 Jun 2009 13:00:00 +0100

Scotland has one of the highest rates in the world of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its incidence is rising among Scots children. Now researchers have begun a major Scotland wide study into IBD - which encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - which afflicts around 1,000 people under 18 years old in Scotland. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Epithelioid sarcoma on the foot masquerading as an intractable wound for > 18 years

Clinical And Experimental Dermatology — Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Slow-growing sarcomas may give rise to intractable wounds, which may be attributed to commoner causes. A 57-year-old man with diabetes mellitus presented with a 24-year history of a chronic wound that originated on his left great toe. Because of the long history, the nonspecific histological findings and the complication of ulcerative colitis, we misdiagnosed his ulcer as pyoderma gangrenosum. The wound was eventually diagnosed correctly by histological examination of a skin biopsy and the use of immunohistochemistry to detect cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin. Specimens obtained 16 years earlier showed the same staining pattern. Radiological examinations revealed no metastasis. The patient received a below-knee amputation without further chemotherapy or radiotherapy. W...

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Paradoxical adverse events of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for spondyloarthropathies: a retrospective study

Rheumatology — Mon, 15 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Undesirable side effects—IBD, AAU and psoriasis—may appear with anti-TNF drugs. Even if they are, a priori, paradoxical, no evidence supports any PAEs to be anti-TNF agent-specific in SpA. (Source: Rheumatology)

REVIEW ARTICLE: Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: The ABCs of Management

Archives of Surgery — Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The finding of HPVG alone cannot be an indication for emergency exploration, and we have developed an evidence-based algorithm to guide the clinician in management of patients with HPVG. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Correction

Gastroenterology — Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Kang W, Hao C, Nie Q. Clinical challenges and images in GI. Sweet syndrome in association with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 2009 May;136:1507, 1846. In the above article, is should be noted that authors Wen Kang, Chunqiu Hao, and Qinghe Nie also hold the degree of PhD. (Source: Gastroenterology)

Clinical Effectiveness of Selective Granulocyte, Monocyte Adsorptive Apheresis with the Adacolumn® Device in Ulcerative Colitis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Thu, 11 Jun 2009 14:21:12 +0100

Abstract The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether selective adsorptive granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA apheresis) using the Adacolumn® device can effectively reduce clinical symptoms and endoscopic signs of inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). A comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to May 2008 was performed. Each study’s quality was evaluated, and the data reported in the results were abstracted. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was quantified statistically and explained by the variation in the trial design. Seven RCTs including 594 patients were found, and six RCTs on active UC contributed to ...

Significant Differences Between Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Regarding the Impact of Body Mass Index and Initial Disease Activity on Responsiveness to Azathioprine: Results from a European Multicenter Study in 1,176 Patients

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:21:00 +0100

Abstract In a survey comprising 1,176 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) we recently showed that azathioprine (AZA) beyond 4 years is beneficial in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and in a subset of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Here, we show for the first time that azathioprine responsiveness depends on body mass index (BMI). The relationship is reciprocal in UC and CD, with a better outcome in UC patients with a BMI<25 and in CD patients with a BMI>25. These observations are particularly interesting considering the evolving concept of a relationship between fatty metabolism and immune regulation. Additionally, we show that CD patients, but not UC patients, respond better to AZA when it is started in clinical remission. This observation may supp...

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Dietary Modulation of Inflammation-Induced Colorectal Cancer through PPARγ

PPAR Research — Wed, 10 Jun 2009 03:19:57 +0100

Mounting evidence suggests that the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) is dramatically increased for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. For instance, patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) or Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have a 12–20% increased risk for developing CRC. Preventive strategies utilizing nontoxic natural compounds that modulate immune responses could be successful in the suppression of inflammation-driven colorectal cancer in high-risk groups. The increase of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression and its transcriptional activity has been identified as a target for anti-inflammatory efforts, and the suppression of inflammation-driven colon cancer. PPARγ down-modulates inflammation and elicits antiproliferati...

Interleukin-23 and Th17 Cells in the Control of Gut Inflammation

Mediators of Inflammation — Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:35:10 +0100

Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans, have been traditionally associated with exaggerated and poorly controlled T helper (Th) type 1 or Th2 cell response, respectively. More recent studies have, however, shown that IBDs are also characterized by a sustained production of cytokines made by a distinct lineage of Th cells, termed Th17 cells. The demonstration that Th17-related cytokines cause pathology in many organs, including the gut, and that expansion and maintenance of Th17 cell responses require the activity of IL-23, a cytokine made in excess in the gut of IBD patients has contributed to elucidate new pathways of intestinal tissue damage as well as to design new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the...

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 1B Haplotypes Increase or Decrease the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in a New Zealand Caucasian Population

Gastroenterology Research and Practice — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 17:24:27 +0100

This study investigates the role that selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the TNF-alpha receptor (TNSFRSF1B) gene play in the risk of IBD in a New Zealand Caucasian population. DNA samples from 388 CD, 405 UC, 27 indeterminate colitis patients, and 293 randomly selected controls, from Canterbury, New Zealand were screened for 3 common SNPs in TNSFRSF1B: rs1061622 (c.676T>C), rs1061624 (c.∗1663A>G), and rs3397 (c.∗1690T>C), using TaqMan technologies. Carrying the rs1061624 variant decreased the risk of UC in the left colon (OR 0.73, 95% CI=0.54–1.00) and of being a smoker at diagnosis (OR 0.62; 95% CI=0.40–0.96). Carrying the rs3397 variant decreased the risk of penetrating CD (O...

Nicotine Enemas for Active Crohn's Colitis: An Open Pilot Study

Gastroenterology Research and Practice — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 17:24:27 +0100

Conclusions. In this relatively small study of patients with active Crohn's colitis, 6 mg nicotine enemas appeared to be of clinical benefit in most patients. They were well tolerated and safe. (Source: Gastroenterology Research and Practice)

The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Perinuclear Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody in Korean Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 09 Jun 2009 15:47:03 +0100

This study included 484 patients with UC who were diagnosed and treated between 1990 and 2006 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, and were followed for at least 1 year. Clinical findings at diagnosis, disease extent, treatment modalities used, and cumulative relapse rates were analyzed and compared to pANCA expression. Of the 484 patients, 405 (83.7%) were evaluated for pANCA and were eligible for analysis. The overall pANCA prevalence was 22.1%, with a female preponderance (male, 21.5%; female, 31.6%; P < 0.05). Proctitis was more common in pANCA-negative patients (pANCA-negative, 37.6%; pANCA-positive, 25.2%, P < 0.05). UC activity index and cumulative relapse rates were higher in pANCA-positive patients. However, there were no signi...

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The cost-utility of high dose oral mesalazine for moderately active ulcerative colitis

Mon, 08 Jun 2009 14:39:46 +0100

A structured abstract written by CRD reviewers. The abstract was published on 15 April 2009 from an original article published in 2007. (Source: Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Specialist Library - Inflammatory bowel disease)

Appendiceal Orifice Inflammation in Ulcerative Colitis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Sat, 06 Jun 2009 10:12:54 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorrespondenceDOI 10.1007/s10620-009-0840-2Authors Akira Hokama, University of the Ryukyus First Department of Internal Medicine 207 Uehara, Nishihara Okinawa 903-0215 JapanYasushi Ihama, University of the Ryukyus First Department of Internal Medicine 207 Uehara, Nishihara Okinawa 903-0215 JapanHiroshi Chinen, University of the Ryukyus First Department of Internal Medicine 207 Uehara, Nishihara Okinawa 903-0215 JapanKazuto Kishimoto, University of the Ryukyus First Department of Internal Medicine 207 Uehara, Nishihara Okinawa 903-0215 JapanFukunori Kinjo, University of the Ryukyus First Department of Internal Medicine 207 Uehara, Nishihara Okinawa 903-0215 JapanJiro Fujita, University of the Ryukyus First Department of Internal Medicine 207 Uehara, ...

The Appendix and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Medscape General Surgery Headlines — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 22:10:39 +0100

An appendectomy may have unexpected benefits in patients at risk for ulcerative colitis. AccessMedicine from McGraw-Hill (Source: Medscape General Surgery Headlines)

Alterations of phospholipid concentration and species composition of the intestinal mucus barrier in ulcerative colitis: A clue to pathogenesis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to systematically investigate phospholipids in the intestinal mucus of humans suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases, where a barrier defect is strongly supposed to be pathogenetic.Optimal mucus recovery was first validated in healthy mice and the method was then transferred to the endoscopic acquisition of ileal and colonic mucus from 21 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 10 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 29 healthy controls. Nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SM) in lipid extracts of mucus specimens.Human and rodent mucus contained very similar phospholipid species. In the ileal and colonic mucus from patients su...

Magnifying colonoscopy used to predict disease relapse in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

This study's aim was to investigate the effectiveness of magnifying colonoscopy in predicting relapse in patients with quiescent UC and to evaluate the association of the findings of magnifying colonoscopy with the histological findings.Magnifying colonoscopy was performed in 57 patients with clinical and endoscopic inactive UC. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the findings of magnifying colonoscopy as MR (magnify-regular), MI (magnify-irregular), and MD (magnify-defect). Their subsequent clinical course was compared to assess the clinical usefulness of magnifying observation in predicting relapse. We also compared histological findings according to Riley's criteria to each finding of magnifying colonoscopy.Within 12 months, 1 of 18 patients (6.7%), 10 of 22 patients (45.5%...

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Salix's Once-Daily APRISO Demonstrates Long-Term Safety In Patients For Maintenance Of Remission From Ulcerative Colitis

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 04 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100

Data was announced today that demonstrated Salix Pharmaceuticals' (NASDAQ:SLXP) APRISO™ (mesalamine) 0.375g extended-release capsules had a favorable safety profile in patients in remission from ulcerative colitis (UC) for up to 24 months. APRISO is approved for use up to six months. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Electronic pill shows its smarts by measuring pH levels in digestive tract

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Wed, 03 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

(New York- Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center/Weill Cornell Medical College) An electronic diagnostic tool called the SmartPill is swallowed by patients in order to take measurements as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract. A new study by physician-scientists at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center used the device in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), determining that they have significantly more acidic pH in their colons, compared with the average person -- a finding that may impact treatment strategy. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

DDW 2009: Patients With IBD at Risk for Extremely High Levels of Radiation Exposure

Medscape Medical News Headlines — Tue, 02 Jun 2009 20:10:52 +0100

Crohn's disease patients have twice the radiation exposure as patients with ulcerative colitis; researchers attribute excess exposure to CT scans. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

Shire Presented Results Of A New Database Analysis On Lialda(R) (Mesalamine) And Other 5-ASAs For Ulcerative Colitis At Digestive Disease Week

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 02 Jun 2009 08:00:00 +0100

Shire plc (LSE: SHP, Nasdaq: SHPGY), the global specialty biopharmaceutical company, presented the results of a 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) persistency analysis entitled, "Twelve-month Persistence with 5-aminosalicylic Acid Therapy: Results from a Large Pharmacy Database," at Digestive Disease Week, on May 31, 2009. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Inflamed pouch mucosa possesses altered tight junctions indicating recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease

International Journal of Colorectal Disease — Tue, 02 Jun 2009 07:51:56 +0100

Conclusion Pouchitis is characterized by a selective change of tight junction proteins in favor of opening the epithelial tight junction and, thus, the paracellular pathway, which contributes to the inflammatory process. This resembles changes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and indicates IBD recurrence in pouchitis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00384-009-0737-8Authors Salah Amasheh, CBF, Charité, Freie Universität und Humboldt Universität Institute of Clinical Physiology 12200 Berlin GermanySonja Dullat, CBF, Charité, Freie Universität und Humboldt Universität Department of Surgery 12200 Berlin GermanyMichael Fromm, CBF, Charité, Freie Universität und Humboldt Universität Institute of Clinical Physiology 12200 Berlin ...

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Is stapled ileal pouch anal anastomosis a safe option in ulcerative colitis patients with dysplasia or cancer?

International Journal of Colorectal Disease — Tue, 02 Jun 2009 07:51:53 +0100

Conclusions Stapled IPAA is a reasonable option for UC patients with cancer/dysplasia. Chemotherapy is safe, but the effect of radiation on pouch outcome is worrisome. Close long-term follow-up for UC patients with cancer/dysplasia is recommended for early detection of possible recurrence. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00384-009-0744-9Authors O. Zmora, Tel Aviv University Department of Surgery “B”, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv IsraelD. Spector, Tel Aviv University Department of Surgery “B”, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv IsraelI. Dotan, Tel Aviv University Pouch Clinic, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv Isra...

Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation Leads to Systemic Genotoxicity in Mice

Cancer Research — Mon, 01 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, genotoxic endpoints were assessed in peripheral leukocytes (DNA single- and double-stranded breaks and oxidative DNA damage) and normochromatic erythrocytes (micronuclei) during chemical or immune-mediated colitis. During three consecutive cycles of intestinal inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium administration, genotoxicity to peripheral leukocytes and erythroblasts was detected in both acute and chronic phases of dextran sulfate sodium–induced inflammation. Reactive oxygen species–mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage was confirmed with positive 8-oxoguanine and nitrotyrosine staining in peripheral leukocytes. Levels of DNA damage generally decreased during remission and increased during treatment, correlating with clinical symptoms and systemic in...

Inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease: overlaps in the pathology and genetics, and their potential drug targets.

Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders Drug Targets — Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

We describe the details and overlaps in the pathomechanism and genetics of inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, and discuss potential drug targets for intervention. PMID: 19519468 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders Drug Targets)

Evidence-Based and Consented Pathways for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD).

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie — Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Raspe H, Conrad S, Muche-Borowski C Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are diseases characterized by remission and relapse, an early age of onset and restrictions on activities and participation. IBD patients need a comprehensive, easily accessible and problem-oriented health care. This requires the integration and coordination of different health care sectors, medical and non-medical professionals, social and health care facilities and funding agencies. The pathways to guide patients through integrated health care were based on clinical considerations, interviews with patients and specialists, systematically searched evidence and results of a questionnaire survey. Within a systematic assessment-assignment approach relevant problems were identified and subsequently related...