MedWorm: Ulcerative Colitis

Maker of VSL#3 probiotic offers assistance program for ulcerative colitis and ileal pouch patients

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Robin Leedy & Associates, Inc.) People who have UC or Ileal Pouch know that finding the right regimen for extending their time between flares is crucial to successfully living with the condition. The solution is often a personalized combination of drugs, dietary changes, and for many, the addition of VSL#3®, a probiotic medical food. Now, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc., maker of VSL#3 medical food is sponsoring a PAP to help in-need patients obtain its prescription-only double strength formulation VSL#3 DS. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Adrenomedullin: A novel therapy for intractable ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Serum anti‐glycan antibody biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and progression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:ASCA had the highest diagnostic value among individual anti‐glycan markers. While anti‐chitobioside carbohydrate antibody (ACCA) had the highest association with complications, ASCA and ACCA associated equally with the need for surgery. Although in most individual studies the combination of ≥2 markers had a better diagnostic value as well as higher association with complications and need for surgery, we found the combination performing slightly better than any individual marker in our meta‐analysis. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

NKG2D/Ligand dysregulation and functional alteration of innate immunity cell populations in pediatric IBD

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:The circulating and mucosal innate immunity compartment is phenotypically and functionally altered in pediatric IBD; some alterations may represent a distinctive feature of the pediatric disease condition. The disturbance of NKG2D/ligand pathway may play a role in sustaining immune activation which leads to chronic inflammatory tissue damage. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Pretravel preparation and travel‐related morbidity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Pretravel advice for IBD patients was often deficient. There was a considerable amount of travel‐related morbidity and inconvenience. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

IL-33 is processed into mature bioactive forms by neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G [Medical Sciences]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) (NF-HEV) is a chromatin-associated nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family, which has been linked to important diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and cardiovascular diseases. IL-33 signals through the ST2 receptor and drives cytokine production in type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) (natural helper cells, nuocytes), T-helper (Th)2 lymphocytes, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, invariant natural killer T (iNKT), and natural killer (NK) cells. We and others recently reported that, unlike IL-1β and IL-18, full-length IL-33 is biologically active independently of caspase-1 cleavage and that processing by caspases results in IL-33 inactivation. We suggested that IL-33, which is released upon cellular damage, may function as an endogenou...

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Development of an internet‐based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (CCFA Partners): Methodology and initial results

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:08:39 +0100

Conclusions:CCFA Partners is a novel e‐cohort. Enrollment is ongoing, with surveys twice yearly. CCFA Partners represents a unique resource to study PROs and changes in disease management over time. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Nonischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in an Adolescent Patient with Ulcerative Colitis

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 11:22:18 +0100

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can present with extraintestinal manifestations occasionally involving the eye. Retinal vein occlusions are rarely seen and have never been reported in the pediatric population though vascular thrombosis can be associated with IBD. Here, we present a case of what we believe is the youngest reported patient with nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Tropical Trip OK for Most with Crohn's, Colitis

MedlinePlus Health News — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 19:00:00 +0100

Symptom-free patients have no greater risk for gastro infections than general public, study finds Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Crohn's Disease, Traveler's Health, Ulcerative Colitis (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Springer Medicine titles — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 00:05:14 +0100

From Epidemiology and Immunobiology to a Rational Diagnostic and Therapeutic ApproachThe conditions of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are excellent examples of how the exponential growth of knowledge in biomedical science can make a remarkable impact on clinical practice and patient’s quality of life. It has led to the development of unique novel immunomodulatory treatments. These are continuously being refined to treat not only the two original conditions in the gut, ... (Source: Springer Medicine titles)

CD8+ T-Cell Deficiency, Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Steps to Autoimmunity: A Unifying Hypothesis

International Journal of Photoenergy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100

CD8+ T-cell deficiency is a feature of many chronic autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, vitiligo, bullous pemphigoid, alopecia areata, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and pernicious anaemia. It also occurs in healthy blood relatives of patients with autoimmune diseases, suggesting it is genetically determined. Here it is proposed that this CD8+ T-cell deficiency underlies the development of chronic autoimmune dise...

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Investigation of JAK2, STAT3 and CCR6 polymorphisms and their gene–gene interactions in inflammatory bowel disease

International Journal of Immunogenetics — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 14:41:22 +0100

SummaryGenome‐wide association studies identified many loci associated with the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Components of the interleukin‐23 signalling pathway, such as IL23R, JAK2 and STAT3, have been implicated in both diseases. In addition, emerging evidence supports the role of IL23‐driven Th17 cells in inflammation. Here, we studied the susceptibility nature of three components of IL23 signalling and Th17 cell differentiation: JAK2 rs10758669, STAT3 rs744166 and CCR6 rs2301436 initially associated with CD in Hungarian CD and UC patients. A total of 616 unrelated subjects with either form of IBD and 496 healthy controls were genotyped with PCR‐RFLP methods. We also tested the genetic interactions of JAK2, ST...

Promoter Polymorphism of the EED Gene Is Associated with the Susceptibility to Ulcerative Colitis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:48:44 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest that the g.-1850G>C polymorphism in the EED gene might be associated with the susceptibility to UC by the change of the EED expression level. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10620-012-2045-3Authors Ji-In Yu, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South KoreaIn-Hong Kang, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South KoreaGeom-Seog Seo, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South KoreaSuck-Chei Choi, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South KoreaKi-Jung Yun, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonk...

Interleukin-18 facilitates neutrophil transmigration via myosin light chain kinase-dependent disruption of occludin, without altering epithelial permeability

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, our data suggest that IL-18 may potentiate inflammation in the context of IBD by facilitating neutrophil transepithelial migration via MLCK-dependent disruption of tight junctional occludin. (Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology)

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in ulcerative colitis patients after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Role of fecal calprotectin testing to predict relapse in teenagers with inflammatory bowel disease who report full disease control

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Unlike CRP, fecal calprotectin as an add‐on test after PUCAI or PCDAI facilitates recognition of preclinical relapse. This could help to identify teenagers who require treatment intensification at the time of minimal disease rather than at the time of clinically overt relapse. Further studies are warranted to determine the impact of fecal calprotectin testing on treatment management and outcome. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

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Study of sexual, urinary, and fecal function in females following restorative proctocolectomy

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:RPC may adversely impact urinary function in female patients over time. Bowel frequency, seepage, and pad usage are increased following RPC and function may be worse following VD. RPC does not adversely affect overall sexual function. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Can endoscopy be avoided in the assessment of ulcerative colitis in clinical trials?

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:The Mayo score can be accurately predicted from the partial Mayo score. A noninvasive index can replace the Mayo score in future clinical trials. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Changes of the HSD17B10 gene expression levels in ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Clinical predictors of inflammatory bowel disease in a genetically well-defined Caucasian population

Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: IBD remains to be challenging to properly diagnose, characterize, and treat. Our study proposes a combined genetic, phenotypic, and environmental approach in an attempt to better understand IBD. Previously demonstrated associations between OCTN1 and IGR and IBD were not confirmed. (Source: Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine)

Partial Replacement of ω-6 Fatty Acids With Medium-Chain Triglycerides, but Not Olive Oil, Improves Colon Cytokine Response and Damage in Experimental Colitis.

JPEN Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral SO with high concentration of ω-6 fatty acids was not associated with greater tissue damage in experimental colitis. SO partial replacement with MCT/SO decreased the frequency of histological necrosis and favorably modulated cytokine expression in the colon; however, replacement with OO/SO had unfavorable effects. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. XXXX;XX:xx-xx). PMID: 22269895 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: JPEN Journal Of Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition)

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The Potential Role of a Self-Management Intervention for Ulcerative Colitis: A Brief Report From the Ulcerative Colitis Hypnotherapy Trial

Biological Research For Nursing — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study supports future clinical trials testing gut-directed HYP as a relapse prevention tool for IBD. (Source: Biological Research For Nursing)

IgA nephropathy in a patient with ulcerative colitis, Graves' disease and positive myeloperoxidase ANCA.

Clinical Nephrology — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 18:12:55 +0100

We report a case of a 38-yearold woman with a history of ulcerative colitis and Graves' disease who presented with pyoderma gangrenosum, microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and positive myeloperoxidase ANCA. A renal biopsy revealed a focal proliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits. All these manifestations are likely secondary to ulcerative colitis or to a common pathogenetic mechanism. PMID: 22257545 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Nephrology)

[Intussusception of the appendix : A rare cause of acute abdominal pain in childhood.]

Der Chirurg — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with right-sided abdominal pain and concomitant peranal bleeding. Preoperative abdominal ultrasound showed partial appendicular intussusception which was confirmed by laparotomy. Appendectomy was carried out including a wide peripheral cecal ring. Peranal bleeding restarted 7 weeks after discharge and colonoscopy revealed ulcerative colitis. The etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for appendicular intussusception are discussed. PMID: 22271057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Der Chirurg)

Inflammatory bowel disease rates lower in sunnier regions

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 21:03:18 +0100

Women living in southern regions of the USA have a significantly lower risk for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis than those living in northern regions, study findings indicates. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

Remicade(R) (Infliximab) Receives Positive Opinion From CHMP In Europe for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in Pediatric Patients

HSMN NewsFeed — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 17:04:57 +0100

Positive Opinion Recommends Approval of the First and Only Anti-TNF Therapy in Pediatric Patients with Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis, a Chronic, Inflammatory Bowel Disease WHITEHOUSE STATION, N.J.--(Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network)-- MSD (also... Biopharmaceuticals, Gastroenterology, RegulatoryMerck, REMICADE, infliximab, ulcerative colitis (Source: HSMN NewsFeed)

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European CHMP issues positive opinion on license extension of infliximab to include paediatric ulcerative colitis

NeLM - News — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: EMA Area: News The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has adopted a positive opinion recommending extension of license for infliximab to include the treatment of severely active ulcerative colitis, in childen aged 6 to 17 years, who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy including corticosteroids and 6-MP or AZA, or who are intolerant to or have medical contraindications for such therapies. (Source: NeLM - News)

Involvement of Coagulation and Hemostasis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Current Vascular Pharmacology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Stadnicki A Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) are idiopathic, intestinal and systemic inflammatory disorders which are immunologically mediated with the activation of plasma proteolytic cascades. The activation of coagulation in IBD is related to the activity and colonic extension of the disease, but may still be persistent in a quiescent stage. Factor XIII seems to be as much a coagulation factor as a connective tissue factor which may contribute to intestinal healing. Fibrinolytic capacity is reduced in systemic circulation of IBD patients. Platelets activation is a feature of IBD which contributes to a pathogenic inflammatory sequel. There is evidence that coagulation activation may in turn mediate and amplify inflam...

Minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice total colectomy: technical report of a minilaparoscopy-assisted transrectal resection

Surgical Endoscopy — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 08:04:51 +0100

Conclusions Transrectal MA-NOS total colectomy was feasible and safe in the reported case. Improvement in NOTES instrumentation and selective clinical applications are mandatory before clinical trials. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory TechniquePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00464-011-2117-zAuthors Antonio M. Lacy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, SpainDavid Saavedra-Perez, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, SpainRaquel Bravo, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Hospit...

Rare complication after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis: bilateral ureteral obstruction due pelvic sepsis and retroperitoneal fibrosis

Surgical Practice — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We reported a case of a patient who developed bilateral ureteral obstruction due retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to pelvic sepsis after pouch‐anal anastomosis leak. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has ever been reported.© 2012 The Authors. Surgical Practice © 2012 College of Surgeons of Hong Kong (Source: Surgical Practice)

A two-marker haplotype in the IRF5 gene is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in a North American cohort

Genes and Immunity — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: G Gathungu, C K Zhang, W Zhang & J H Cho (Source: Genes and Immunity)

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Protective effect of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in acute dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis: differential regulation of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-18 in BALB/c and severe combined immunodeficiency mice.

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 21:36:20 +0100

This study investigates the effect of butyrate producing bacterium Clostridium tyrobutyricum on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reared in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions were treated intrarectally with C. tyrobutyricum 1 week prior to the induction of DSS colitis and during oral DSS treatment. Administration of DSS without C. tyrobutyricum treatment led to an appearance of clinical symptoms - bleeding, rectal prolapses and colitis-induced increase in the antigen CD11b, a marker of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. The severity of colitis was similar in BALB/c and SCID mice as judged by the histological damage score and colon shortening after 7 days...

Probiotic enema may help pediatric UC patients

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 00:00:00 +0100

Children with ulcerative colitis may benefit from intestinal microbiota manipulation, suggest the results of a study of Lactobacillus reuteri enema. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

Can we treat ulcerative colitis with nutritional supplements? author’s reply

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 18:43:29 +0100

(Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Can we treat ulcerative colitis with nutritional supplements?

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 18:43:28 +0100

(Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Less Risk Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease In Warmer Climates

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 18:00:00 +0100

A long-term U.S. study published online in GUT has shown that living in sunnier climates may lower the chances of developing inflammatory bowel disease, especially in those aged 30 years or over. The researchers' findings, which support earlier European research, could potentially lead to new therapies and preventive measures. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are both inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that can be extremely painful, need extensive surgery, and often severely affect the individual's quality of life... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Human adjuvant disease induced by foreign substances: a new model of ASIA (Shoenfeld's syndrome).

Lupus — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 14:30:03 +0100

Conclusions: Cases of human adjuvant disease following illegal injections of oil substances for cosmetic purposes are reported. Patients presented with defined autoimmune diseases as well as with non-specific autoimmune manifestations. Illegal injection of these substances could lead to serious local and systemic complications, even to death. These cases represent another model of Autoimmune/inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA). The use of these substances should be prohibited. PMID: 22235042 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Lupus)

Quality of life and health status before and after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 263-269).

The British Journal of Surgery — Sun, 15 Jan 2012 10:50:12 +0100

Authors: Blazeby JM PMID: 22222805 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Surgery)

Prognosis of lymphoma in patients following treatment with 6‐mercaptopurine/azathioprine for inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 06:30:22 +0100

Conclusions:We found no differences of survival with lymphoma between IBD patients and expected survival for the general population. Also, the prognosis for those IBD patients treated with 6‐MP/AZA was not worse than lymphoma patients not treated with 6‐MP/AZA. Statistical analysis, however, was limited by the small sample size and heterogeneity of the patients studied. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

B1a lymphocytes in the rectal mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: B1a lymphocytes seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of UC, however, the role they play in its early phases and in disease activity, have yet to be defined. PMID: 22253520 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Outcomes after escalation of infliximab therapy in ambulatory patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 23:00:09 +0100

Conclusions:A significant proportion of ambulatory patients with UC treated with maintenance infliximab required therapy escalation over time. This was associated with lower remission, and higher colectomy, rates. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

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Protective effect of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in acute dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis: differential regulation of tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐18 in BALB/c and severe combined immunodeficiency mice

Clinical and Experimental Immunology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 11:17:52 +0100

This study investigates the effect of butyrate producing bacterium Clostridium tyrobutyricum on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reared in specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) conditions were treated intrarectally with C. tyrobutyricum 1 week prior to the induction of DSS colitis and during oral DSS treatment. Administration of DSS without C. tyrobutyricum treatment led to an appearance of clinical symptoms – bleeding, rectal prolapses and colitis‐induced increase in the antigen CD11b, a marker of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. The severity of colitis was similar in BALB/c and SCID mice as judged by the histological damage score and colon shortening af...

Meta‐analysis: diagnostic medical radiation exposure in inflammatory bowel disease

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsAbout 1 in 10 patients may be exposed to potentially harmful levels of diagnostic medical radiation. Corticosteroid use and IBD related surgery increased this risk. Strategies to reduce radiation exposure while assessing disease activity need to be considered. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Less Common in Sunny States

MedlinePlus Health News — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 14:00:00 +0100

Researchers say sunshine may boost vitamin D levels, affecting immune function Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Herbal medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

The Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Fei Ke, Praveen Kumar Yadav, Liu Zhan JuSaudi Journal of Gastroenterology 2012 18(1):3-10Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory, chronic, and nonspecific disease occurred usually in the rectum and the entire colon. The etiopathology is probably related to dysregulation of the mucosal immune response toward the resident bacterial flora together with genetic and environmental factors. Several types of medications are used to control the inflammation or reduce symptoms. Herbal medicine includes a wide range of practices and therapies outside the realms of conventional Western medicine. However, there are limited controlled evidences indicating the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines, such as aloe vera gel, wheat grass juice, Boswellia serrata, and bovine colostrum enemas in the treatme...

Risk of cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and venous thromboembolism: A nationwide cohort study

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:In patients with IBD a VTE event is not only a consequence of their disease, but might also be a marker of occult cancer. We suggest that IBD patients with VTE should follow the same diagnostic work‐up guidelines as non‐IBD VTE patients. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

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Barriers to enrollment in inflammatory bowel disease randomized controlled trials: An investigation of patient perspectives

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Elements of study design negatively and positively influence willingness to participate. Invasive procedures, randomization, and frequent visits negatively influenced willingness to participate and as each of these components are added, a significant additive percent of potential subjects are lost. Strategies to further identify barriers to enrollment within IBD study populations should be pursued. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Deficiency of N‐acetylgalactosamine in O‐linked oligosaccharides of IgA is a novel biologic marker for Crohn's disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:The number of GalNAc attached in the IgA O‐linked glycans of CD patients was significantly decreased, and strongly correlated with the clinical activity. Alterations of GalNAc attachment in IgA could be useful as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker of CD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Macrophage-stimulating protein polymorphism rs3197999 is associated with a gain of function: implications for inflammatory bowel disease

Genes and Immunity — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: F Häuser, C Deyle, D Berard, C Neukirch, C Glowacki, J K Bickmann, J J Wenzel, K J Lackner & H Rossmann (Source: Genes and Immunity)

Lipid rafts are disrupted in mildly-inflamed intestinal microenvironments without overt disruption of the epithelial barrier.

Am J Physiol Gastroi... — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bowie RV, Donatello S, Lyes C, Owens MB, Babina IS, Hudson L, Walsh SV, O'Donoghue DP, Amu S, Barry SP, Fallon PG, Hopkins AM Abstract Intestinal epithelial barrier disruption is a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but whether barrier disruption precedes or merely accompanies inflammation remains controversial. Tight junction (TJ) adhesion complexes control epithelial barrier integrity. Since some TJ proteins reside in cholesterol-enriched regions of the cell membrane termed lipid rafts, we sought to elucidate the relationship between rafts and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Lipid rafts were isolated from Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells primed with the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), or treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin as a posit...

Fecal calprotectin in predicting relapse of inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta‐analysis of prospective studies

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:As a simple and noninvasive marker, FC is useful to predict relapse in quiescent IBD patients. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

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Pediatric ulcerative colitis associated with autoimmune diseases: A distinct form of inflammatory bowel disease?

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Precise clinical, histological, and molecular analyses reveal marked differences between patients with CUC and those with associated AI phenomena, supporting the hypothesis of a distinct AI presentation of IBD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Role of serum cytokine profile in ulcerative colitis assessment

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:A serum cytokine profile may be an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and severity assessment of UC. IL‐8 seems to be a reliable biomarker, closely related to disease activity. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Differences in outcomes between cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol supplementation in veterans with inflammatory bowel disease

Geriatrics and Gerontology International — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our data suggest that cholecalciferol replacement might improve outcomes to a greater extent than ergocalciferol, and might be better in limiting health‐care costs and expenses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; ••: ••–••. (Source: Geriatrics and Gerontology International)

Once‐daily versus multiple‐daily mesalamine for patients with ulcerative colitis: a meta‐analysis

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Once‐daily mesalamine is similarly effective with a comparable safety profile to multiple‐daily regimens for the maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis, even more effective for inducing remission in active UC.© 2012 The Author. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

As Nations Develop, So May Bowel Disease

MedlinePlus Health News — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 22:00:00 +0100

Researchers identify inflammatory bowel disease as a global problem Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Crohn's Disease, International Health, Ulcerative Colitis (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

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Quality of life and health status before and after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 263–269)

British Journal of Surgery — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 14:11:54 +0100

(Source: British Journal of Surgery)

Low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsOur study confirms an inverse association between H. pylori and IBD and a positive association between the H. pylori – negative gastritis and IBD. These relationships may open new avenues to study the pathogenesis of IBD. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Natural Products to Improve Quality of Life Targeting for Colon Drug Delivery.

Current Drug Delivery — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kim H Abstract The colon is largely being investigated as a site for administration of protein and peptides, which are degraded by digestive enzymes in the upper GIT. Also for local diseases of the colon such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and ameobiasis, drug administration to the site of action can not only reduce the dose to be administered, but also decrease the side effects. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) such as Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. Intestinal bacteria initiate the activation of intestinal inflammatory processes, which are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine. Increased chemokine expression has also been observed in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and smoo...

Genes associated with intestinal permeability in ulcerative colitis: Changes in expression following infliximab therapy

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Gene expression analysis and causal network modeling in combination showed that aberrant mRNA expression of genes involved in intestinal epithelial permeability for infliximab responders was restored toward levels observed in normal samples. Infliximab nonresponders showed no equivalent restoration in the expression of these genes. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

High gene expression of CXCL8 is associated with the presence of extraintestinal manifestations and long‐term disease in patients with ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

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Fecal calprotectin concentration predicts outcome in inflammatory bowel disease after induction therapy with TNFα blocking agents

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:A normal FC after induction therapy with TNFα antagonists predicts sustained clinical remission in the majority of patients on scheduled therapy with active luminal disease. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Determinants of colonic barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease and potential therapeutics.

The Journal of Physiology — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hering NA, Fromm M, Schulzke JD Abstract Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a main feature of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Leak flux diarrhoea and a facilitated uptake of noxious antigens are the two consequences resulting from an impaired epithelial barrier. Barrier perturbations in IBD comprise alterations in epithelial tight junctions (TJ), i.e. a reduced number of horizontal TJ strands and an altered TJ protein expression and subcellular distribution. Moreover, increased incidence of apoptotic events as well as erosions and ulcerations can add to that leakiness. These barrier defects are attributed to enhanced activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, and IL-13, which are highly expressed in the c...

Ulcerative Colitis [JAMA Patient Page]

JAMA — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: JAMA)

New Pediatric Indication for Infliximab

AJN — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 06:00:00 +0100

* The tumor necrosis factor a blocker infliximab (Remicade) is now approved for use in children six years of age or older with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who haven't responded to other treatment. * Infliximab is an immune suppressant and places the patient at risk for serious infections such as tuberculosis, fungal diseases, bacterial sepsis, Legionnaires' disease, infection from Listeria, and other serious opportunistic infections. Children and adolescents also appear to have an increased risk of lymphoma and other malignancies. * Nurses need to teach infection prevention and closely monitor for infusion reactions in addition to infections (Source: AJN)

Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease

Journal of Internal Medicine — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe pathogenetic mechanisms that cause the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still under investigation. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that luminal microbes are of particular relevance in the development of these conditions. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that defects in the innate immunity are at the centre of both types of IBD. The innate intestinal barrier is provided by the epithelium which secretes antimicrobial peptides (so‐called defensins) that are retained in the mucus layer. In ileal CD, the alpha‐defensins are lacking due to several Paneth cell defects. In colonic CD, the expression of beta‐defensins is inadequate. This may be related to downregulation of the transcription ...

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Association Between Toll-Like Receptors/CD14 Gene Polymorphisms and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korean Population.

J Korean Med Sci — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kim EJ, Chung WC, Lee KM, Paik CN, Jung SH, Lee BI, Chae HS, Choi KY Abstract The innate immune response in patients who develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be abnormal. However, the exact role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) / CD14 gene in the pathogenesis of IBD has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms of TLR1, 2, 4, 6, and CD14 gene and susceptibility to IBD in Korean population. A total 144 patients of IBD (99 patients with ulcerative colitis, 45 patients with Crohn's disease) and 178 healthy controls were enrolled. Using a PCR-RFLP, we evaluated mutations of TLR1 (Arg80Thr), TLR2 (Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp), TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile), TLR6 (Ser249Pro) genes and the -159 C/T promoter polymorphism of CD14 gen...

Pediatric chronic ulcerative colitis: does infliximab increase post–ileal pouch anal anastomosis complications?

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Children that were treated with IFX prior to IPAA suffered twice as many postoperative complications. Long-term outcomes are similar. Currently, we recommend colectomy with end ileostomy for patients that receive IFX within 8 weeks of colectomy for CUC. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

Restorative proctocolectomy without diverting ileostomy in children with ulcerative colitis

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Short- and long-term outcomes can be equivalent in patients with and without diverting ileostomy, but questions remain regarding patient selection and quality of life impact. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

Ulcerative colitis of the neovagina as a postsurgical complication of persistent cloaca

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a case of an 8-year-old girl who, as an infant, underwent vaginoplasty using sigmoid colon for persistent cloaca and developed a fulminant colitis that also affected the colonic neovagina 2 years after her reconstruction. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

T Cell Transfer Model of Colitis: A Great Tool to Assess the Contribution of T Cells in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Springer protocols feed by Cell Biology — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consist of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) affecting about 0.1% of the western population. These two chronic gut diseases affect youth at their prime of life causing diarrhoea, intestinal bleeding, and severe gut discomfort. Mouse models of colitis have been major tools in understanding the pathogenesis of IBD. A number of mouse models are available to assess the contribution of T cells in the pathogenesis of CD and UC. Among these, the T cell transfer model of colitis is the most widely used model to dissect the initiation, induction, and regulation of immunopathology in chronic colitis mediated by T cells. The methodology below describes the classification of various animal models and explains the T cell transfer model in detail, i...

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IBD risk raised in endometriosis patients

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 11:12:33 +0100

Women with the chronic condition endometriosis have an increased long-term risk for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, demonstrate study findings published in the journal Gut. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

B lymphocyte intestinal homing in inflammatory bowel disease.

BMC Immunology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that different immunopathogenetic pathways underlie chronic intestinal inflammation with different clinical expressions. The presence of small B lymphocytes resembling B-1 cells also seemed to be associated with less incidence of Crohn's disease. It can therefore be inferred that the gut contains an alternative population of B cells that have a regulatory function. (Source: BMC Immunology)

DSS-induced inflammation changes protein expression of intestinal Escherichia coli in a gnotobiotic mouse model.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Schumann S, Alpert C, Engst W, Loh G, Blaut M Abstract To identify Escherichia coli proteins involved in adaptation to intestinal inflammation, mice were monoassociated with the colitogenic E. coli UNC (UNC) or with the probiotic E. coli Nissle (EcN). Intestinal inflammation was induced by treating the mice with 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Differentially expressed proteins were identified by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis in E. coli collected from cecal contents. In both strains acute inflammation led to down-regulation of pathways involved in carbohydrate breakdown and energy generation. Accordingly, DSS-treated mice had lower concentrations of bacterial fermentation products in their cecal contents than control mice. Differentially expressed protei...

Targeting leukocyte migration and adhesion in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

Inflammopharmacology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:53:16 +0100

Abstract Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are two chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Current biologic therapies are limited to blocking tumor necrosis factor alpha. However, some patients are primary non-responders, experience a loss of response, intolerance or side effects defining the urgent unmet need for novel treatments. The rapid recruitment and inappropriate retention of leukocytes is a hallmark of chronic inflammation and a potentially promising therapeutic target. We discuss the immunological mechanisms of leukocyte homing and adhesion in the gut mucosa. The interaction of lymphocytes (CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, TREG, TH1, TH17, B-cells), monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes with endothelial and epithelial cells through integrins [α4...

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis

NeLM - Complementary Medicine — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Cochrane Library Area: Evidence > Complementary Medicine Background Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing disease characterised by diffuse mucosal inflammation limited to the colon. Current maintenance treatments have multiple adverse events and an effective treatment with minimal adverse events is desired. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. It has been suggested that modifying the bacterial flora with probiotics may attenuate the inflammatory process and prevent relapses in ulcerative colitis. Objectives The primary objectives were to determine the efficacy and safety of probiotics for the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Search metho...

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Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in inflammatory bowel disease: association with pathophysiology of inflammation, established markers, and disease activity

Journal of Gastroenterology — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 16:45:38 +0100

Conclusions Serum NGAL is elevated particularly in active IBD and correlates with established markers of inflammation and disease activity, implicating its role in the pathophysiology of IBD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article—Alimentary TractPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00535-011-0516-5Authors K. A. Oikonomou, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, GreeceA. N. Kapsoritakis, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo, 41110 Larissa, GreeceC. Theodoridou, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GreeceD. Kara...

Early serial trough and antidrug antibody level measurements predict clinical outcome of infliximab and adalimumab treatment

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We read with great interest the recent article by Ben-Horin et al which concludes that the measurement of trough levels of infliximab (TLI) combined with the measurement of antibodies to infliximab (ATI) is highly correlated with the clinical response to the therapeutic.1 Infliximab (Remicade) and adalimumab (Humira), both monoclonal antibodies towards TNF-α, are widely used in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Loss of efficacy, infusion and injection-site reactions and hypersensitivity reactions have been described due to the development of antibodies towards these agents.2 We agree with Ben-Horin et al that the interpretation of ATI with TLI is important to document the clinical response of a patient to infliximab. However, we urge that these measurements are...

Randomised placebo-controlled trial of rituximab (anti-CD20) in active ulcerative colitis

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

I read with interest the study by Leiper and colleagues,1 and the authors should be commended for initiating this investigator-driven study. However, I beg to differ with the conclusion that reads ‘Rituximab has no significant effect on inducing remission in moderately active UC [ulcerative colitis] not responding to oral steroids.’ The authors state that the sample-size calculations were based on 80% power for excluding, at p<0.05, an 80% remission rate with active treatment compared with a predicted 25% placebo remission rate with 2:1 randomisation of rituximab compared with placebo. It is unclear why remission rather than response, as in most studies, was chosen to be the primary outcome, especially given that postfactum response rate was better in the active drug arm com...

Comparative proteomics analysis of serum proteins in ulcerative colitis patients.

Molecular Biology Reports — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li N, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhai J, Zhang T, Wei K Abstract In the present study, we investigated the differentially expressed proteins associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) using proteomic methods. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technology was performed to separate the total proteins of ulcerative tissues from those of the normal tissues of UC patients. PDQuest software was applied to analyze the obtained 2-DE images. Candidate protein spots between the two groups were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. The well resolution and reproducible 2-DE patterns of UC and normal tissues were established. Of the 12 differentially expressed proteins, 9 were successfully identified, of which ...

Long term follow-up of appendiceal and distal right-sided colonic inflammation

Endoscopy — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Endoscopy 2012; 44: 95-98DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291443The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of appendiceal orifice inflammation (AOI) as a preceding lesion in the development of ulcerative colitis. A total of 20 patients were identified (mean age 41.2 years; 11 males) who had ulcerative colitis-like inflammatory lesions at the appendiceal orifice without concomitant typical features of ulcerative colitis, such as rectal involvement. A total of 19 patients were followed up endoscopically for a mean duration of 18.4 months (range 2 – 84 months). Typical ulcerative colitis developed in five patients (25 %; four proctitis, one pancolitis) in a mean time of 18.4 months (range 2 – 36 months). Negative conversion of all inflammatory lesions occurred in seven patient...

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Functional polymorphisms in XRCC-1 and APE-1 contribute to increased apoptosis and risk of ulcerative colitis

Inflammation Research — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 12:51:10 +0100

Conclusion Polymorphisms in XRCC1 Arg399Gln and APE1 Asp148Glu significantly increased the rate of apoptosis and risk of ulcerative colitis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00011-011-0418-2Authors Avinash Bardia, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, 500 058 Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSantosh K. Tiwari, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, 500 058 Andhra Pradesh, IndiaSivaram Gunisetty, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, 500 058 Andhra Pradesh, IndiaFarha Anjum, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medic...

UC pouchitis increases dysplasia risk

MedWire News - Gastroenterology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:32:11 +0100

Ulcerative colitis patients who develop pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy have an increased risk for dysplasia and should undergo regular screening, researchers believe. (Source: MedWire News - Gastroenterology)

Gastrointestinal: Refractory ulcerative colitis complicated by colonic stricturing endometriosis

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:16:35 +0100

(Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

Toll‐like receptor 2 monoclonal antibody or/and Toll‐like receptor 4 monoclonal antibody increase counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in mice

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:16:20 +0100

Conclusions: TLR2mAb and TLR4mAb can suppress the development of DSS‐induced colitis and increase counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

Detection of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the intron 9 region of the nucleotide oligomerization domain‐1 gene in ulcerative colitis patients of North India

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:16:16 +0100

Conclusion: Our study has revealed a polymorphism association in the LRR domain of the NOD1 gene with the severity of UC disease. This might be due to disruption of the LRR region critical for NOD1‐mediated bacterial sensing. A gene‐wide, haplotype‐based approach shows that GTTG haplotype carriers are overrepresented in UC patients, and that could increase the risk of the disease. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

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Mesalamine-Induced Myocarditis and Coronary Vasculitis in a Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Patient: A Case Report

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 23:54:28 +0100

We present a case of a 16-year-old boy with ulcerative colitis treated with Asacol, a mesalamine-containing product, who developed sudden onset chest pain after four weeks on therapy. Serial electrocardiograms showed nonspecific ST segment changes, an echocardiogram showed mildly decreased left ventricular systolic function with mild to moderate left ventricular dilation and coronary ectasia, and his troponins were elevated. Following Asacol discontinuation, his chest pain resolved, troponins were trending towards normal, left ventricular systolic function normalized, and coronary ectasia improved within 24 hours suggesting an Asacol-associated severe drug reaction. Mesalamine-induced cardiovascular toxicity, although rare, may represent a life-threatening disorder. Therefore, every patien...

When to Use Biological Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTThe use of biological agents in inflammatory bowel diseases across the Asia‐Pacific region is increasing. As new molecules and targets are identified, knowledge regarding the indications, utility, optimization and adverse effects of biological agents grows. Careful patient selection, attention to communication and patient education will maximize the benefit of these drugs. Tertiary referral centers with specific interest in inflammatory bowel diseases and experience play an important role in their use. There is enormous opportunity for patients to benefit from biological agents in the therapy of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Use of these agents has been studied across a variety of indications and populations, and at different stages in the disease course. Failure to res...

Musosal tumour necrosis factor‐alpha in diverticular disease of the colon is overexpressed with disease severity

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: TNF‐α expression in DD seems to be related to the severity of the disease. In particular, it appears to be overexpressed in DD with inflammation (AUD and SUDD) compared with DD without (AD). (Source: Colorectal Disease)

Infliximab in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease rapidly decreases fecal calprotectin levels.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: When treated with infliximab, fecal calprotectin levels reflecting intestinal inflammation normalized rapidly in one third of pediatric patients suggesting complete mucosal healing. PMID: 22215940 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Mucosal tumour necrosis factor‐alpha in diverticular disease of the colon is overexpressed with disease severity

Colorectal Disease — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

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Steve Redgrave on the misery of colitis

the Mail online | Health — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:37:24 +0100

Ulcerative colitis is a lifelong condition with often debilitating symptoms, distressing for anyone but particularly hard when allied to the workload of an athlete. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

Transcript levels of Toll-like receptors 5, 8 and 9 correlate with inflammatory activity in Ulcerative Colitis

BMC Gastroenterology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Background: Dysregulation of innate immune response by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) is a key feature in Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Most studies have focused on TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 participation in UC. However, few studies have explored other TLRs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA profiles of TLR1 to 9 in colonic mucosa of UC patients, according to disease activity. Methods: Colonic biopsies were taken from colon during colonoscopy in 51 patients with Ulcerative Colitis and 36 healthy controls. mRNA levels of TLR1 to 9, Tollip, inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF were assessed by RT-qPCR with hydrolysis probes. Characterization of TLR9 protein expression was performed by Immunohistochemistry. Results: Toll-like receptors TLR8, TLR9, and IL6 mRNA levels were significant...

Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Given the relatively small number of patients in the pooled analysis, the small number of events and the high risk and unclear risk of bias in the included studies, there is insufficient evidence to make conclusions about the efficacy of probiotics for maintenance of remission in UC. There is a lack of well-designed RCTs in this area and further research is needed. PMID: 22161412 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Endometriosis Tied to Higher Risk Of Crohn's, Colitis

MedlinePlus Health News — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Large Danish study suggests possibility of connection between the illnesses in women Source: HealthDay Related MedlinePlus Pages: Crohn's Disease, Endometriosis, Ulcerative Colitis (Source: MedlinePlus Health News)

Team Pinpoints Amino Acid Variation In Immune Response Gene Linked With Ulcerative Colitis

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 08:00:00 +0100

The association between the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis and a gene that makes certain cell surface proteins has been pinpointed to a variant amino acid in a crucial binding site that profoundly influences immune response to antigens, including gut bacteria, reports a team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, Cleveland Clinic, Carnegie Mellon University and Harvard Medical School. They published the findings in the online version of Genes & Immunity... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Characterisation of complementary and alternative medicine use and its impact on medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 06:22:04 +0100

Conclusions The use of complementary and alternative medicine is widely prevalent among IBD patients, and is more frequent among those who experience from adverse effects of conventional medications. From this cross‐sectional analysis, complementary and alternative medicine use does not appear to be associated with reduced overall adherence to medical therapy. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Predictive Factors of Splenic Injury in Colorectal Surgery: Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2006-2008 [Original Article]

Archives of Surgery — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Type of resection (transverse, total, or left colectomy), type of pathology (malignancy or diverticulitis), open operation, and teaching hospital are potent independent predictors of splenic injury. Male sex, peripheral vascular disease, and emergent admission are less effective predictors. Surgeons should be aware of these risk factors and inform patients accordingly. In higher-risk circumstances, it may be appropriate to consider prophylactic vaccination. (Source: Archives of Surgery)

Functional analysis of colonic bacterial metabolism: relevant to health?

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

With the use of molecular techniques, numerous studies have evaluated the composition of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease. However, it is of major interest to supplement this with a functional analysis of the microbiota. In this review, the different approaches that have been used to characterize microbial metabolites, yielding information on the functional end products of microbial metabolism, have been summarized. To analyze colonic microbial metabolites, the most conventional way is by application of a hypothesis-driven targeted approach, through quantification of selected metabolites from carbohydrate (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) and protein fermentation (e.g., p-cresol, phenol, ammonia, or H2S), secondary bile acids, or colonic enzymes. The application of stable isot...

Curcumin inhibits interferon-{gamma} signaling in colonic epithelial cells

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this report we demonstrate that curcumin inhibits IFN- signaling in human and mouse colonocytes. Curcumin inhibited IFN--induced gene transcription, including CII-TA, MHC-II genes (HLA-DRα, HLA-DPα1, HLA-DRβ1), and T cell chemokines (CXCL9, 10, and 11). Acutely, curcumin inhibited Stat1 binding to the GAS cis-element, prevented Stat1 nuclear translocation, and reduced Jak1 phosphorylation and phosphorylation of Stat1 at Tyr701. Longer exposure to curcumin led to endocytic internalization of IFNRα followed by lysosomal fusion and degradation. In summary, curcumin acts as an IFN- signaling inhibitor in colonocytes with biphasic mechanisms of action, a phenomenon that may partially account for the beneficial effects of curcumin in experimental colitis and in human IB...

Does Colorectal Cancer in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Constitute a Risk for Chemotherapy Refractoriness? A Systemic Approach by Detailed Analysis via the Electronic Tumor Base Documentation System.

Onkologie — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 22:24:02 +0100

Conclusions: The prognosis of CRC in UC patients is not necessarily impaired, albeit chemotherapy response with disseminated disease may be unfavorable. Our data should be enlarged by subsequent analyses to better elucidate whether response in UC and CRC is more challenging and defined risks can be confirmed. PMID: 22156448 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)

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Cancer stem cells in ulcerative colitis.

Onkologie — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 22:24:02 +0100

Authors: Levi E, Majumdar AP PMID: 22156444 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Onkologie)

Alterations in the gut microbiome of children with severe ulcerative colitis

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 09:30:58 +0100

Conclusions:Richness, evenness, and biodiversity of the gut microbiome were remarkably reduced in children with UC compared with healthy controls. Children who did not respond to steroids harbored a microbiome that was even less rich than steroid responders. This study is the first to characterize the gut microbiome in a large cohort of pediatric patients with severe UC and describes changes in the gut microbiome as a potential prognostic feature. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Is propionyl‐L‐carnitine therapy effective in ulcerative colitis? authors’ reply

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:34:21 +0100

(Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Is propionyl‐l‐carnitine therapy effective in ulcerative colitis?

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:34:19 +0100

(Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Infliximab for ulcerative colitis in paediatrics

NeLM - Drug Specific Reviews — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: London New Drugs Group Area: Evidence > Drug Specific Reviews · Infliximab is human-murine monoclonal antibody that binds to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). · An EU marketing authorisation application for the use of infliximab to treat moderately to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in paediatrics aged 6-17 years of age who have not responded to conventional therapy, was submitted in late 2010. If approved, infliximab will be the first monoclonal antibody licensed for this indication in paediatrics. · This review looks at the evidence supporting the use of infliximab to treat UC in paediatrics. (Source: NeLM - Drug Specific Reviews)

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Team pinpoints amino acid variation in immune response gene linked with ulcerative colitis

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences) The association between the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis and a gene that makes certain cell surface proteins has been pinpointed to a variant amino acid in a crucial binding site that profoundly influences immune response to antigens, including gut bacteria, reports a team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, Cleveland Clinic, Carnegie Mellon University and Harvard Medical School. They published the findings today in the online version of Genes & Immunity. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Amino acid position 11 of HLA-DRβ1 is a major determinant of chromosome 6p association with ulcerative colitis

Genes and Immunity — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Amino acid position 11 of HLA-DRβ1 is a major determinant of chromosome 6p association with ulcerative colitis Genes and Immunity advance online publication, December 15, 2011. doi:10.1038/gene.2011.79 Authors: J-P Achkar, L Klei, P I W de Bakker, G Bellone, N Rebert, R Scott, Y Lu, M Regueiro, A Brzezinski, M I Kamboh, C Fiocchi, B Devlin, M Trucco, S Ringquist, K Roeder & R H Duerr (Source: Genes and Immunity)

Enteric viral pathogens in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Journal of Medical Virology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 19:14:19 +0100

AbstractThe causes of exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are unknown. The presence of RNA of an enterovirus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, rotavirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus was sought in stool samples of 50 children (median age 12.9 years) undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopies for IBD or its exclusion (Crohn's disease n = 18, ulcerative colitis n = 13, indeterminate colitis n = 2, non‐IBD n = 17). Viral RNA was found in three fecal samples (norovirus GII n = 2, sapovirus n = 1), all in children without IBD. Therefore, enteral viruses may play only a minor role in IBD. J. Med. Virol. 84:345–347, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Journal of Medical Virology)

Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy for identification and assessment of inflammatory ulcerative colitis.

World Journal of Gastroenterology — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: AFI has application in detecting inflammatory lesions, including microscopic activity in the colonic mucosa of UC patients, based on the green color component of images. PMID: 22171146 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology)

Leaky Gut in Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inactive Ulcerative Colitis

Digestion — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Digestion 2012;85:40–46 (DOI:10.1159/000333083) (Source: Digestion)

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Ulcerative colitis as a progressive disease: The forgotten evidence

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 09:46:58 +0100

AbstractIn the management of Crohn's disease, earlier aggressive treatment is becoming accepted as a strategy to prevent or retard progression to irreversible bowel damage. It is not yet clear, however, if this same concept should be applied to ulcerative colitis. Hence, we review herein the long‐term structural and functional consequences of this latter disease. Disease progression in ulcerative colitis takes six principal forms: proximal extension, stricturing, pseudopolyposis, dysmotility, anorectal dysfunction, and impaired permeability. The precise incidence of these complications and the ability of earlier, more aggressive treatment to prevent them have yet to be determined. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Update of the management of inflammatory bowel disease

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Up to 25% of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis present before the age of 18 years. Although the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease presenting in childhood does not differ fundamentally from that presenting in adulthood, managing these younger patients requires special consideration in light of growth and the potential long term consequences of both the disease and its treatments. Therapeutic approaches have changed in recent years, and there is a fuller appreciation of the role (and risks) of anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal therapy. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)

Oral, Topical 5-ASA Combo Most Effective for Ulcerative ColitisOral, Topical 5-ASA Combo Most Effective for Ulcerative Colitis

Medscape Gastroenterology Headlines — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 02:57:00 +0100

Treatment with combined oral and topical 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) is more likely than oral therapy alone to achieve remission of ulcerative colitis (UC). Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Gastroenterology Headlines)

Carotenoid exposure of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells did not affect selected inflammatory markers but altered their proteomic response.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether lycopene and β-carotene in micelles (M), at concentrations that could be reached via the diet (10-25 μg/ml) could aid in the reduction of TNF-α plus IL-1β-induced inflammation of Caco-2 human epithelial cells. The impact on biomarkers of inflammation, including IL-8, NO and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (through PGE-2α), and the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways of intracellular signalling cascades were evaluated compared with controls (empty M). Furthermore, proteomic analyses were conducted from total cellular protein extracts. The results revealed that isolated carotenoids had no statistical significant anti-inflammatory effect on the biomarkers observed, or on the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK. Neverthele...

Parthenolide, an inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB pathway, ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

International Immunopharmacology — Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Parthenolide exerts beneficial effects in experimental colitis and may therefore provide a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of UC. PMID: 22155740 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology)

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Are mesalazine granules superior to Eudragit‐L‐coated mesalazine tablets for induction of remission in distal ulcerative colitis?

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 06:46:12 +0100

(Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Randomised clinical trial: the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 rectal enema in children with active distal ulcerative colitis

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 06:45:18 +0100

Conclusions In children with active distal ulcerative colitis, rectal infusion of L. reuteri is effective in improving mucosal inflammation and changing mucosal expression levels of some cytokines involved in the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

A Comprehensive Analysis of Shared Loci between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Sixteen Autoimmune Diseases Reveals Limited Genetic Overlap

PLoS Genetics — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study represents the most comprehensive evaluation of shared autoimmune loci to date, supports a relatively distinct non–MHC genetic susceptibility for SLE, provides further evidence for previously and newly identified shared genes in SLE, and highlights the value of studies of potentially pleiotropic genes in autoimmune diseases. (Source: PLoS Genetics)

Migration inhibitory factor, Toll-like receptor 4, and CD14 polymorphisms with altered expression levels in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Human Immunology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sivaram G, Tiwari SK, Bardia A, Anjum F, Vishnupriya S, Habeeb A, Khan AA Abstract Ulcerative colitis is a multifactorial disease in which genetic factors play a major role. Functional mutations in the genes related to innate immune response exacerbate mucosal damage coupled with persistent inflammation. The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), CD14, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are the central players with clearly defined roles in inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MIF-173G > C, CD14-159C > T, and TLR4-299A > G polymorphisms and mononuclear cell expression in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Genotyping of MIF-173G > C, CD14-159C > T, and TLR4-299A > G polymorphisms was performed by am...

Azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as sweet syndrome in a child with ulcerative colitis.

Indian Pediatrics — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We describe a pediatric case of Sweet syndrome presenting 10 days after treatment with azathioprine. As azathioprine is widely used in children with inflammatory bowel disease, clinicians should be aware of this unusual adverse reaction. PMID: 22253154 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)

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A Rare Retroperitoneal Pseudocyst in a Woman with Ulcerative Colitis

Consultant Live — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 19:00:02 +0100

(Source: Consultant Live)

Two Brothers with Skewed Thiopurine Metabolism in Ulcerative Colitis Treated Successfully with Allopurinol and Mercaptopurine Dose Reduction

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 16:59:20 +0100

Abstract Thiopurine therapy effectively maintains remission in inflammatory bowel disease. However, many patients are unable to achieve optimum benefits from azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine because of undesirable metabolism related to high thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity characterized by hepatic transaminitis secondary to increased 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) production and reduced levels of therapeutic 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN). Allopurinol can optimize this skewed metabolism. We discuss two brothers who were both diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC). Their disease remained active despite oral and topical mesalamines. Steroids followed by 6-mercaptopurine (MP) were unsuccessfully introduced for both patients and both were found to have high 6-MMP...

Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have a Lower Response Rate to HBV Vaccination Compared to Controls

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 16:59:19 +0100

Conclusions The response rate of IBD patients receiving HBV vaccinations were significantly lower compared to controls. The response rate of those receiving immunosuppressive therapy and with active disease was much too low. Vaccination should be given during remission and at immunosuppression-free times. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1980-8Authors Mustafa Erhan Altunöz, Department of Gastroenterology, Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Tibbiye Cad. No:40, 34668 Üsküdar, Istanbul, TurkeyEbubekir Şenateş, Department of Gastroenterology, Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Tibbiye Cad. No:40, 34668 Üsküdar, Istanbul, TurkeyAtakan Yeşil, Department of Gastroenterology, Hayda...

Emu Oil Increases Colonic Crypt Depth in a Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 16:59:16 +0100

Conclusions Emu oil improved tissue damage associated with colitis, suggesting its potential as a unique formulation to augment conventional treatment approaches for IBD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1979-1Authors Suzanne M. Abimosleh, Gastroenterology Department, Children, Youth and Women’s Health Service, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, AustraliaRuth J. Lindsay, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Adelaide, SA 5371, AustraliaRoss N. Butler, Gastroenterology Department, Children, Youth and Women’s Health Service, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, AustraliaAdrian G. Cummins, Gastroenterology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hosp...

Association Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 16:59:15 +0100

Conclusion The association between increased RDW and active IBD was evident in IBD patients with and without anemia. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1978-2Authors Chang Seok Song, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 108, Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul, 110-746 KoreaDong Il Park, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 108, Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul, 110-746 KoreaMin Yong Yoon, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 108, Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul, 110-746 KoreaHyo Sun Seok, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Ho...

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Differential risk of ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease among boys and girls after cesarean delivery

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Vedolizumab for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled phase 2 dose‐ranging study

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:Vedolizumab demonstrated dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics and maximally saturated α4β7 receptors over the tested dose range. Multiple dosing up to 10 mg/kg was well tolerated. Over the course of follow‐up a greater proportion of patients treated with vedolizumab were in clinical response than those who were assigned to placebo. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Clinical utility of anti‐glycan antibodies in pediatric crohn's disease in comparison with an adult cohort

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:A panel of anti‐glycan antibodies including the novel Anti‐L and Anti‐C may aid in the differentiation of pediatric CD from UC and is associated with complicated CD behavior. The marker accuracy remained constant over time. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Epithelial Expression of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Ulcerative Colitis: Down-Regulation in Markedly Inflamed Colon

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:39:57 +0100

Conclusions The findings suggest that there is a local production of VIP in the epithelial cells in normal and slightly/moderately inflamed mucosa but not in severely inflamed mucosa. Furthermore, a marked downregulation in VPAC1 receptor expressions occurs in the epithelium in severe UC. Based on the knowledge that VIP can have trophic, healing and anti-inflammatory effects, it is likely that the decrease in VIP mRNA and VPAC1 receptor reactions seen in severely affected mucosa in UC may be associated with adverse effects on intestinal function. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1985-3Authors Maria Jönsson, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, 58183 Link�...

Infliximab salvage therapy after failure of ciclosporin in corticosteroid‐refractory ulcerative colitis: a multicentre study

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Treatment with infliximab makes it possible to avoid colectomy in two‐thirds of corticosteroid‐refractory UC patients in whom ciclosporin fails. However, the rates of adverse events and mortality mean that the decision to administer sequential therapy (ciclosporin–infliximab) should be taken on an individual basis. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

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Incidence of and impact of medications on colectomy in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis in the era of biologics

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Sun, 04 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:About one‐tenth of patients still require colectomy for UC at 5 years in the era of biologics. Oral 5‐ASA, azathioprine, and anti‐TNF therapy are not associated with a reduced need for colectomy. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;) (Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

Clinical parameters of inflammatory bowel disease in children do not correlate with four common polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor β1 gene.

Acta Biochim Pol — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liberek A, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Kloska A, Swiderska J, Kmieć Z, Luczak G, Wierzbicki P, Liberek T, Marek K, Plata-Nazar K, Sikorska-Wiśniewska G, Kamińska B, Węgrzyn G Abstract Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a cytokine affecting cell proliferation and development, which also has an immunomodulatory activity. Correlations between polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 gene and clinical parameters of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were reported previously in adults. Here, we tested whether such correlations occur in pediatric patients suffering from IBD. One hundred and four pediatric IBD patients were involved in this study. Among them, 36 were diagnosed with Crohn's Disease (CD) and 68 were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC). The control group consisted of...

Santarus Uceris tablet found to treat ulcerative colitis

Drug Development Technology — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0100

US-based specialty biopharmaceutical company, Santarus, has reported the clinical data from an open-label study, designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of eight weeks of treatment with the investigational drug, Uceris (budesonide) 9 mg table… (Source: Drug Development Technology)

Anti-Inflammatory Polyphenols Discovered In Apple Peels

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 09:00:00 +0100

This study is the first to show a role for T cells in polyphenol-mediated protection against an autoimmune disease and could lead to new therapies and treatments for people with disorders related to bowel inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and colitis-associated colorectal cancer... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Rituximab: Ulcerative colitis: case report

Reactions — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 07:29:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Liver transplantation in autoimmune liver diseases

Best Practice and Research. Clinical Gastroenterology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Liver transplantation is indicated for terminal phases of autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Indications for transplantation in autoimmune liver diseases are similar to those used in other acute or chronic liver diseases. Therapeutic advances have reduced the need for transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis but not for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Overall, outcomes of transplantation for autoimmune liver diseases are excellent. However, recurrence of autoimmune liver diseases in the allograft has variable impacts on graft and patient survivals. Treatment of recurrent diseases requires changes in immunosuppression or addition of ursodeoxycholic acid. Among autoimmune liver diseases, only autoimmune hepatitis ...

Mesenteric fat as a source of C reactive protein and as a target for bacterial translocation in Crohn's disease

Gut — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Mesenteric fat is an important source of CRP in CD. CRP production by mesenteric adipocytes may be triggered by local inflammation and bacterial translocation to mesenteric fat, providing a mechanism whereby mesenteric fat hyperplasia may contribute to inflammatory response in CD. (Source: Gut)

Antibodies to GP2, the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein, in inflammatory bowel diseases

Gut — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

It was with interest that we read the paper by Roggenbuck et al1 in a recent issue of Gut, where GP2, the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein, is demonstrated to be the autoantigen of pancreatic antibodies in Crohn's disease. The authors concluded that quantification of this novel Crohn's disease-specific marker could significantly improve the serological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. A commercial assay for the detection of anti-GP2 antibodies has recently become available (Generic Assays, Dahlewitz/Berlin). In the present paper, we evaluated this assay on a large well-characterised study population. The patient cohort has been previously described2 and consisted of 164 patients with Crohn's disease, 118 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 75 control patients with othe...

The Authors' reply

Gut — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We would like to thank Op De Beéck et al1 for their interest in the evaluation of antibodies to the zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Their meticulous investigation of a large, well-characterised cohort of patients and controls revealed good reproducibility, linearity and robustness of the anti-GP2 assays, confirming the assay performance reported in a recent study by our group.2 Both studies found a comparable, high specificity of anti-GP2 for Crohn's disease (CD). On testing 100 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 162 blood donors (BDs) as controls in our study, the specificity reached a value of 94.3% (95% CI 90.7% to 96.8%). This value is similar to the specificity of 93.9% reported by Op De Beéck et al...

Differential expression of occludin in patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases)

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Azathioprine in ulcerative colitis: Why, when, how and how long to use it

Drug Development Research — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong, immune‐mediated inflammatory condition of the colonic mucosa characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. The mainstay of treatment used to be the 5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASA) and corticosteroids. Nevertheless, some patients are unable to discontinue or reduce the steroid dosage and are exposed to a number of side effects. The efficacy of thiopurines is well proven in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); azathioprine (AZA) is considered the first‐line immunosuppressant with a steroid‐sparing effect in UC patients with steroid dependence or resistance. Success rates of 70% occur in induction therapy with AZA and 6‐mercaptopurine (MP) in UC with a number‐needed‐to‐treat (NNT) to avoid recurrence (with AZA/MP, as compared with ...

Anti-Gal Titers in Healthy Adults and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Transplantation Proceedings — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Apart from IgE, alpha-Gal-specific ABs of all isotypes remained constant over longer time periods in healthy subjects. Thus, significant titer changes actually represent increased antigen exposure and a specific anti-alpha-Gal response. Crohn's disease patients display increased anti-Gal IgA titers compared with healthy controls, which reflects a chronically impaired mucosal gut barrier in this patient cohort. (Source: Transplantation Proceedings)

Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving immunosuppressive drugs: Report of a case.

The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This report presents a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed Kaposi's sarcoma following treatment with long-term medium-dose azathioprine and additional corticosteroids. Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare complication in inflammatory bowel diseases that may (or may not) be related to immunosuppression. Hence, immunomodulatory agents should be planned carefully in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and avoided if they are not essentially necessary. Cases of colorectal Kaposi's sarcoma complicating inflammatory bowel disease should be managed with a conservative approach and discontinuation of the immunosuppressive treatment. PMID: 22287409 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)

Scientists discover anti-inflammatory polyphenols in apple peels

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study is the first demonstrating a role for T cells in polyphenol-mediated protection against autoimmune disease possibly leading to treatments for people with disorders from bowel inflammation, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Anti-inflammatory effects of Saccharomyces boulardii mediated by myeloid dendritic cells from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a probiotic yeast that has demonstrated efficacy in pilot studies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microbial antigen handling by dendritic cells (DC) is believed to be of critical importance for immunity and tolerance in IBD. The aim was to characterize the effects of Sb on DC from IBD patients. Highly purified (>95%), lipopolysaccharide-stimulated CD1c+CD11c+CD123– myeloid DC (mDC) from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 36), Crohn's disease (CD; n = 26), or infectious controls (IC; n = 4) were cultured in the presence or absence of fungal supernatant from Sb (SbS). Phenotype and cytokine production and/or secretion of IBD mDC were measured by flow cytometry and cytometric bead arrays, respectively. T cell phenotype and pro...

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Technical considerations in children undergoing laparoscopic ileal-J-pouch anorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis

Pediatric Surgery International — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:52:52 +0100

Conclusions A Multiport Instrument Access Port placed in the stoma site allowed the use of more instruments through a single incision. The very short ileo J-pouch low rectal anastomosis has been shown to be a safe, feasible, and effective reconstructive procedure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00383-011-3030-1Authors Girolamo Mattioli, Pediatric Surgery Department, Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital, University of Genova, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, ItalyEdoardo Guida, Pediatric Surgery Department, Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital, University of Genova, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, ItalyAlessio Pini-Prato, Pediatric Surgery Department, Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital, University of Genova, Largo...

Development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after a 14‐year follow‐up of a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis

Hepatology Research — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 08:00:32 +0100

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the life‐threatening complications of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). However, the incidence of ICC in Japanese PSC patients is low, and the association between the development of ICC and morbidity duration of PSC is largely unknown. Here, we describe a case of ICC that developed after a long‐term follow‐up of a patient with PSC and ulcerative colitis (UC). At the age of 10 years, the patient was first diagnosed with UC and its remission was achieved with systemic steroid therapy. Since then, he was routinely followed‐up. At the age of 19 years, laboratory tests showed abnormalities in liver function parameters, and the patient was diagnosed with PSC. Although treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid improved the abnormalities in...

Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic stage II restorative proctectomy for toxic ulcerative colitis

The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsThis is a case series report of a robotic‐assisted laparoscopic proctectomy with restorative ileal J‐pouch in patients with toxic UC. This technique has been previously described for use in patients with medically refractory UC and neoplasia associated with chronic UC. This series exemplifies an ideal application of a robotic system with improved visibility, rotation and ergonomics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery)

Is Ulcerative Colitis Associated with Survival Among Older Persons with Colorectal Cancer in the US? A Population-Based Case–Control Study

Digestive Diseases and Sciences — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 17:37:53 +0100

Conclusions Colorectal cancers tend to be diagnosed at earlier stages among persons with UC, but there is no difference in 3-year survival rates for colorectal cancer among individuals with and without UC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10620-011-1966-6Authors Aasma Shaukat, Section of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Gastroenterology Section 111-D, 1-Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USANadim I. Salfiti, Section of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Gastroenterology Section 111-D, 1-Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USADaniel J. Virnig, Section of Gastroenterology, VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Gastroenterology Section 111-D, 1-Veterans Driv...