MedWorm: Alprazolam

Hurry Up! Let's Talk About Anxiety!

Psychology Today Anxiety Center — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 06:32:23 +0100

It's a catch phrase, "I'm nervous". My seven year-old is anxious his basketball team might lose against the orange team this weekend. Anxiety and the anxious lexicon have crept into our society over the past decades and we as a culture have turned into a bundle of nervous. So many people are placed on anxiolytics like Xanax or Ativan; which is like getting a brand new car.&nbsread more (Source: Psychology Today Anxiety Center)

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Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on panic disorder comorbid with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Sleep Medicine — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results suggest that OSAS contributes to PD aggravation, and a combination of pharmaceutical treatment for PD and OSAS-specific treatments such as CPAP could be recommended for patients with PD comorbid with OSAS. (Source: Sleep Medicine)

Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

NeLM - Drug Class Focused Reviews — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Cochrane Library Area: Evidence > Drug Class Focused Reviews Background Pain management is a high priority for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Muscle relaxants include drugs that reduce muscle spasm (for example benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan) and non-benzodiazepines such as metaxalone (Skelaxin) or a combination of paracetamol and orphenadrine (Muscol)) and drugs that prevent increased muscle tone (baclofen and dantrolene). Despite a paucity of evidence supporting their use, antispasmodic and antispasticity muscle relaxants have gained widespread clinical acceptance as adjuvants in the management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Objectives The aim of this review was to determin...

Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Based upon the currently available evidence in patients with RA, benzodiazepines (diazepam and triazolam) do not appear to be beneficial in improving pain over 24 hours or one week. The non-benzodiazepine agent zopiclone also did not significantly reduce pain over two weeks. However, even short term muscle relaxant use (24 hours to 2 weeks) is associated with significant adverse events, predominantly drowsiness and dizziness. PMID: 22258993 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Panic Disorder in the Age of Anxiety

Psychology Today Anxiety Center — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 22:27:38 +0100

A recent New York Times op-ed argued that we are "well-medicated" in our anxiety. Is that actually true?read more (Source: Psychology Today Anxiety Center)

Opinionator | Anxiety: It's Still the 'Age of Anxiety.' Or Is It?

NYT Health — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 23:21:03 +0100

Medieval Europe had barbarian hordes, famine and plague. We have 46 million people on Xanax. (Source: NYT Health)

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Treatment strategies of obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder/agoraphobia.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 19:55:37 +0100

Authors: Marazziti D, Carlini M, Dell'osso L Abstract Anxiety disorders represent the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. In addition, a considerable burden is associated with them, not only for individual sufferers, but also for the health care system. However, many patients who might benefit from treatment are not diagnosed or treated. This may partly be due to lack of awareness of the anxiety disorders by primary care practitioners and by the sufferers themselves. In addition, the stigma still associated with psychiatric disorders and lack of confidence in psychiatric treatments are factors leading to no/under recognition and treatment, or the use of unnecessary or inappropriate treatments. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of recommendations for the pharmacolo...

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 27, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

ALPRAZOLAM EXTENDED-RELEASE (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [H.J. Harkins Company, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Use of potentially inappropriate medications in an ambulatory Medicare population

NeLM - Care of Older People — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Consultant Pharmacist Area: Evidence > Medicines Management > References Objective: To determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use by applying the Beers criteria in an ambulatory population of Medicare beneficiaries, and to identify the most common PIMs/PIM classes taken by this population. Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Setting: Nine community outreach events throughout central and northern California, USA. Patients: 295 ambulatory Medicare beneficiaries (65 to 98 years of age). Interventions: Pharmacy students, under the supervision of licensed pharmacists, assisted beneficiaries with Medicare Part D plan enrollment and medication review, including identification of PIMs. Main Outcome Measures: Number of PIMs taken ...

The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 03:36:17 +0100

AbstractIncreasing Off‐Label Use of Antipsychotics for Treating Anxiety DisordersLow‐Dose Antipsychotics Generally Safe in Patients with Intellectual Disability, but Caution Still AdvisedWarfarin and AntidepressantsClinical Guidance for Long‐Term T3 Augmentation in Major DepressionGreater Fracture Risk with Zolpidem Than Alprazolam or Lorazepam in the ElderlySlowing AD Progression with MemantineEPA Supplements for DepressionRisperidone and Decompensation in a Previously Stable PatientNew ApprovalsVarenicline Safety ReviewAdverse Linezolid Interactions with Certain Serotonergic Drugs (Source: The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update)

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Metabolism of alprazolam (a marker of CYP3A4) in hemodialysis patients with persistent inflammation

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 18:25:03 +0100

Conclusions The correlation between CYP3A4 activity (assessed by alprazolam 4-hydroxylation) and CRP level suggests that inflammation may downregulate CYP3A4 activity. If confirmed, this could have major implications for drug dosing in persistently inflamed patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Special ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00228-011-1163-8Authors Hadi Molanaei, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenPeter Stenvinkel, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenAbdul Rashid Qureshi, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of C...

The use of alprazolam by people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia

Drug and Alcohol Review — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion.The fluctuations in alprazolam use over time may be reflective of medical practitioners ceasing to prescribe alprazolam in response to reports of associated harms; however, this may in turn be driving the illicit alprazolam market. While the data do not indicate a clear association between alprazolam use and harms, considering the potential severity of associated harms and the association between alprazolam use and anterograde amnesia, patterns of alprazolam use among PWID should be closely monitored. Potential changes to prescribing practice should consider unintended consequences, such as replacement with other BZD types, or illicitly obtained BZDs.[Horyniak D, Reddel S, Quinn B, Dietze P. The use of alprazolam by people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia. Drug Alcohol R...

Physiological and subjective effects of acute intranasal methamphetamine during extended-release alprazolam maintenance

Drug and Alcohol Dependence — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:51 +0100

Conclusions: The present results demonstrate that methamphetamine use during alprazolam XR treatment would not pose a significant safety risk. Given the potential of GABAA positive modulators to manage certain aspects of stimulant abuse and dependence (i.e., drug-induced seizures, anxiety and stress), but the relatively small impact on the acute abuse-related effects of methamphetamine observed here, additional research with GABAA positive modulators is warranted, but should consider their use as an adjunct component of combination behavioral and/or drug treatment. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)

Side Effects of Paxil and Xanax

About.com Bipolar Disorder — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

These two updated resource list the common to rare side effects of Paxil (generic paroxetine) and Xanax (generic alprazolam). The two articles also inform you about the symptoms of withdrawal and overdose for these drugs, and which side effects and symptoms mean you urgently need to contact a doctor. Paxil is an antidepressant in the SSRI class, and Xanax is an anti-anxiety medication, one of the benzodiazepines. Paxil / Paroxetine Side Effects Xanax / Alprazolam Side Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Learn more or join the conversation! NEWSLETTER | FORUM | BIO | FACEBOOK | TWITTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Side Effects of Paxil and Xanax originally appeared on Ab...

Cross-conditional entropy and coherence analysis of pharmaco-EEG changes induced by alprazolam

Psychopharmacology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:39:28 +0100

Conclusions Results showed that alprazolam induced changes in terms of uncoupling between regions of the scalp, with opposite trends depending on the variables: decrease in linear ones and increase in nonlinear features. Maps provided consistent information about the way brain changed in terms of connectivity being definitely necessary to evaluate separately linear and nonlinear interactions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2587-7Authors J. F. Alonso, Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Carrer Pau Gargallo 5, 08028 Barcelona, SpainM. A. Mañanas, Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Biomedical Engineering Re...

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Comparison of various treatment modalities for acute tinnitus

The Laryngoscope — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 08:40:06 +0100

Conclusions:The results of the present study indicate that ITD injection plus alprazolam medication is the best treatment choice for acute SIT within 3 months of development. Laryngoscope, 121:2619–2625, 2011 (Source: The Laryngoscope)

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet [Lake Erie Medical DBA Quality Care Products LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 21, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Memory disorders associated with consumption of drugs: updating through a case/noncase study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 07:45:51 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed an association between memory disorders and some drugs, such as benzodiazepines and anticonvulsants. However, other drugs, such as benzodiazepine‐like hypnotics, newer anticonvulsants, serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, isotretinoin and ciclosporin were significantly associated with memory disorders, although this was not described or poorly described in the literature.Taking account of the limits of this study in the FPVD (under‐reporting, notoriety bias etc.), the case/noncase method allows assessment and detection of associations between exposure to drugs and a specific adverse drug reaction, such as memory disorders, and could thus generate signals and orientate us to further prospective studies to confirm such associations. (Source: Briti...

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Evidence-based guideline update: Treatment of essential tremor: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

Neurology — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and recommendations for the use of propranolol, primidone (Level A, established as effective); alprazolam, atenolol, gabapentin (monotherapy), sotalol, topiramate (Level B, probably effective); nadolol, nimodipine, clonazepam, botulinum toxin A, deep brain stimulation, thalamotomy (Level C, possibly effective); and gamma knife thalamotomy (Level U, insufficient evidence) are unchanged from the previous guideline. Changes to conclusions and recommendations from the previous guideline include the following: 1) levetiracetam and 3,4-diaminopyridine probably do not reduce limb tremor in ET and should not be considered (Level B); 2) flunarizine possibly has no effect in treating limb tremor in ET and may not be considered (Level C); and 3) there is insufficient evidence to support o...

Role of alpha1‐ and alpha2‐GABAA receptors in mediating the respiratory changes associated with benzodiazepine sedation

British Journal of Pharmacology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results identify a specific role for α1‐GABAARs and α2‐GABAARs in mediating the shortening by benzodiazepines of the expiratory and inspiratory phase of resting breathing, respectively. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

Evaluation of metabolism-mediated herb-drug interactions.

Archives of Pharmacal Research — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Na DH, Ji HY, Park EJ, Kim MS, Liu KH, Lee HS Abstract As the use of herbal medicines increases, the public health consequences of drug-herb interactions are becoming more significant. Herbal medicines share the same drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, including cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), and P-glycoprotein, with several clinically important drugs. Interactions of several commonly used herbal medicines, such as Ginko biloba, milk thistle, and St. John's wort, with therapeutic drugs including warfarin, midazolam, alprazolam, indinavir, saquinavir, digoxin, nifedipine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, irinotecan, and imatinib in humans have been reported. Many of these drugs have very narrow therapeutic indices. As the herb-drug in...

Zolpidem associated with higher risk of fractures compared to lorazepam and alprazolam, and similar risk to diazepam

NeLM - Mental Health — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Area: News The Journal of the American Geriatric Society has featured a retrospective cohort study to determine whether zolpidem is a safer alternative to benzodiazepines. The community based study involved patients with an initial prescription for zolpidem (n = 43,343), alprazolam (n = 103,790), lorazepam (n = 150,858), or diazepam (n = 93,618), and rates of non-vertebral fractures and hip fractures requiring hospitalisation were compared before and after an initial prescription for each treatment, adjusting for confounders. The following results were reported: . In patients aged 65 and older, the rates of non-vertebral fractures and dislocations were similar in the pre- treatment intervals. . The rate ratios (RRs) for the ...

"Xanax is My Favorite Palindrome"

Psychology Today Anxiety Center — Sun, 25 Sep 2011 17:53:10 +0100

Dinah described a New York Times piece last week about a Kentucky clinic that has been so overwhelmed by patients requesting and abusing this very addictive anxiety medication that they have banned it from their practice. Primary Topic: Addiction read more (Source: Psychology Today Anxiety Center)

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Risk of Fractures Requiring Hospitalization After an Initial Prescription for Zolpidem, Alprazolam, Lorazepam, or Diazepam in Older Adults

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ConclusionIn older adults, the risk of injury with zolpidem exceeded that with alprazolam and lorazepam and was similar to that with diazepam. If the associations are causal, then the high incidence of these fractures implies that these treatment induce a substantial number of fractures and consequential costs. Further study of the association is imperative. (Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society)

Bold Move to Reduce Xanax Abuse by Louisville Clinic

About.com Addictions — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 13:42:12 +0100

Image © Lusi, SXC Recent years have seen unprecedented levels of medication abuse in the United States, with a corresponding rise in medication overdoses showing up in emergency rooms. This puts physicians in a very difficult position. ...Read Full Post (Source: About.com Addictions)

In Louisville, a Center’s Doctors Cut Off Xanax Prescriptions

NYT — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 14:53:20 +0100

Citing concern over overdoses, doctors at Seven Counties Services in Louisville have stopped writing prescriptions for the anti-anxiety drug Xanax. (Source: NYT)

Clinic Weaning Patients Off Xanax

Drugs.com - Pharma News — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 15:09:02 +0100

A mental health clinic in Louisville, Ky., is trying to get all of its patients off the anti-anxiety drug Xanax by the end of the year, an official said. Seven Counties Services, which has about 30,000 mostly poor patients, is trying to switch... (Source: Drugs.com - Pharma News)

Clinic weaning patients off Xanax

Health News - UPI.com — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 17:29:40 +0100

LOUISVILLE, Ky., Sept. 14 (UPI) -- A mental health clinic in Louisville, Ky., is trying to get all of its patients off the anti-anxiety drug Xanax by the end of the year, an official said. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

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In Louisville, a Center’s Doctors Cut Off Xanax Prescriptions

NYT Health — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:40:23 +0100

Citing concern over overdoses, doctors at Seven Counties Services in Louisville have stopped writing prescriptions for the anti-anxiety drug Xanax. (Source: NYT Health)

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Huffing-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report.

American Family Physician — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report a 20-year-old white man who presented with altered mental status following ingestion of multiple alprazolam and oxycodone tablets. He was found to have diffused ST-T changes on his EKG. Cardiac enzymes were found to be elevated-CK: 599 U/L, CK-MB: 16.8 ng/mL and Troponin: 0.78 ng/mL. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed global left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with an ejection fraction (EF) of 10-15%. During hospitalization, the cardiac enzymes started trending downward and this was followed by spontaneous resolution of the LV dysfunction. The patient also admitted to inhaling "Dust-Off" spray 2-3 days prior to admission. Inhalant abuse can cause cardiomyopathy and should be considered a probable cause in patients presenting with cardiac dysfunction of unknown etiolog...

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Par Pharmaceutical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 1, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 30, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Detection and validated quantification of 21 benzodiazepines and 3 “z-drugs” in human hair by LC–MS/MS

Forensic Science International — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: A method for detection and quantification of 21 benzodiazepines and the pharmacologically related “z-drugs” in human hair samples was developed and fully validated using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). After methanolic and methanolic/aqueous extraction, the analytes were separated using two different LC–MS systems (AB Sciex 3200 QTRAP and AB Sciex 5500 QTRAP). Separation columns, mobile phases and MS modes for both systems were: Phenomenex Kinetex, 2.6μm, 50/2.1; 5mM ammonium formate buffer pH 3.5/methanol, total flow 0.75mL/min; electrospray ionization (ESI), multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), information dependent acquisition (IDA), enhanced product ion scan (EPI). The assays were found to be selective for the tested compounds (al...

GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 19 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 19, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

A latent class approach to the external validation of respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtypes.

Psychological Medicine — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that respiratory and non-respiratory panic represent valid subtypes along the PD continuum, with the respiratory variant representing a more severe form of the disorder. PMID: 21846423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Psychological Medicine)

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 12, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

SENTRAZOLAM AM (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 12, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 12, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

GABAZOLAMINE-0.5 (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 12, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Rx Drug Overdoses Up In Florida

Rheumatology News — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Major Finding: Overdose deaths from oxycodone and alprazolam more than doubled during 2003-2009 in Florida, whereas overdose deaths from heroin were halved. (Source: Rheumatology News)

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Bryant Ranch Prepack]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Xanax XR (Alprazolam) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Xanax XR (Alprazolam) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

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Alprazolam Among Top Causes of Fatal Overdoses in Florida

MedPage Today Public Health — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 12:30:00 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- Deaths in Florida involving prescription drugs in 2009 were four times the number involving illicit drugs, according to the latest issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health)

Drug overdose deaths --- Florida, 2003--2009.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... — Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that, from 2003 to 2009, the number of annual deaths in which medical examiner testing showed lethal concentrations of one or more drugs increased 61.0%, from 1,804 to 2,905, and the death rate increased 47.5%, from 10.6 to 15.7 per 100,000 population. During 2003--2009, death rates increased for all substances except cocaine and heroin. The death rate for prescription drugs increased 84.2%, from 7.3 to 13.4 per 100,000 population. The greatest increase was observed in the death rate from oxycodone (264.6%), followed by alprazolam (233.8%) and methadone (79.2%). By 2009, the number of deaths involving prescription drugs was four times the number involving illicit drugs. These findings indicate the need to strengthen intervent...

Alprazolam/clonazepam: Drug dependence: case report

Reactions — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 18:34:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Alprazolam/cocaine/diamorphine abuse: Sensorineural hearing loss: case report

Reactions — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 18:34:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 1, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Alprazolam withdrawal: Death: case report

Reactions — Mon, 27 Jun 2011 18:24:12 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Niravam (Alprazolam) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Fri, 24 Jun 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Niravam (Alprazolam) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

Alprazolam: Amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea: case report

Reactions — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 16:44:29 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Alprazolam/oxymorphone overdose: Unconsciousness: 2 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 16:21:55 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 13, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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The incidence of drugs of impairment in oral fluid from random roadside testing

Forensic Science International — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Oral fluid (OF) has become a popular specimen to test for presence of drugs, particularly in regards to road safety. In Victoria, OF specimens from drivers have been used to test for the presence of methylamphetamine (MA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) since 2003 and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) since 2006. LC–MS/MS has been used to test the most recent 853 submitted OF specimens from Victoria Police for 31 drugs of abuse including those listed in the Australian Standard AS4760-2006. At least one proscribed drug was detected in 96% of drivers, of which MA was the most common (77%), followed by THC (42%), MDMA (17%) and the combination of all three (3.9%). Opioids were detected in 14% of drivers of which 4.8% were positive for 6-acetylmorphine and 3.3% for m...

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet [Preferred Pharmaceuticals, Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 8, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Prescribed drugs and violence: a case/noncase study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Tue, 07 Jun 2011 15:50:50 +0100

Conclusion Dopaminergic agonists, benzodiazepines and serotoninergic antidepressants are the main pharmacological classes able to induce aggressive behaviour. This study also emphasises the putative role of other drugs less known to be involved in such ADR. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00228-011-1067-7Authors Nadège Rouve, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Midi-Pyrénées de PharmacoVigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d’Information sur les Médicaments, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, FranceHaleh Bagheri, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Centre Midi-Pyrénées de PharmacoVigilance, de Pharmacoépidémiologie et d’Information sur les Médicaments, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, ...

Antiamnesic Activity of an Ayurvedic Formulation Chyawanprash in Mice

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sun, 05 Jun 2011 14:02:02 +0100

Chyawanprash (Chy) is an ayurvedic formulation commonly consumed in Indian households. Chy is a comprehensive herbal tonic, prepared from around 50 herbs employing anwala (Emblica officinalis) as the basic ingredient. The present study was undertaken to explore the beneficial effects of Chy (at the dose of 1 and 2% w/w of diet) administered daily for 15 successive days in mice with memory deficits. A total of 228 mice divided in 38 groups were employed in this study. Morris water maze, Hebb-Williams maze and elevated plus maze served as exteroceptive memory models, whereas scopolamine (Sco)-induced amnesia and alprazolam (Alp)-induced amnesia served as interoceptive memory models. The brain acetylcholinesterase activity, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glu...

Amygdala abnormalities in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia unmasked by benzodiazepine challenge

Psychopharmacology — Fri, 20 May 2011 16:10:27 +0100

Conclusions GABAergic modulation with alprazolam produced differential responses in family members vs. controls, perhaps by unmasking underlying amygdalar and/or GABAergic abnormalities. Such pharmacological fMRI paradigms could prove useful for developing drugs targeting specific neural circuits to treat or prevent schizophrenia. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2348-7Authors Daniel H. Wolf, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 10th Floor Gates Bldg., 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USATheodore D. Satterthwaite, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 10th Floor Gates Bldg., 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAJames Loughead, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 10th Floor ...

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The prevalence and pharmacotherapy of depression in cancer patients

Journal of Affective Disorders — Sun, 15 May 2011 00:26:36 +0100

Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of depression in cancer patients, studies on effective pharmacotherapy are relatively scarce. The evidence for the efficacy of conventional medication used for the treatment of depression such as tricyclics antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is very limited. It is possible that they may be less suitable in this setting because of their relatively late onset of action. The use of psychostimulants which have a rapid onset of action therefore deserves more attention. (Source: Journal of Affective Disorders)

Memory disorders associated with drugs consumption: updating through a case / non‐case study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our study confirmed an association between memory disorders and some drugs like benzodiazepines or anticonvulsants. But other drugs like hypnotics “benzodiazepines‐like”, newer anticonvulsants, SRI antidepressants, isotretinoin and cyclosporine were significantly associated with memory disorders although it was not or poorly described in literature.Taking account of limits of this study in the FPVD (under‐reporting, notoriety bias …), the case/non‐case method allows to assess and detect associations between drugs exposure and a specific adverse drug reaction such as memory disorders, and could thus generate signals and orientate us to further prospective studies to confirm such associations. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

SENTRAZOLAM AM (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 06 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 6, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 06 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 6, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

GABAZOLAMINE-0.5 (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 06 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 6, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Interaction between delta opioid receptors and benzodiazepines in CO(2)-induced respiratory responses in mice.

Brain Research — Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study sought to determine if a lack of δ-opioid receptors in a mouse model affects respiratory response to elevated CO(2), and whether the response is modulated by benzodiazepines, which are widely used to treat panic disorder. In a whole-body plethysmograph, respiratory responses to 5% CO(2) were compared between δ-opioid receptor knockout mice and wild-type mice after saline, diazepam (1mg/kg), and alprazolam (0.3mg/kg) injections. The results show that lack of δ-opioid receptors does not affect normal response to elevated CO(2), but does prevent benzodiazepines from modulating that response. Thus, in the presence of benzodiazepine agonists, respiratory responses to elevated CO(2) were enhanced in δ-opioid receptor knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. This suggests an inter...

ALPRAZOLAM XR (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Greenstone LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 25 Apr 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 25, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Par Pharmaceutical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 22 Apr 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 22, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [STAT RX USA LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 20 Apr 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Analysis of Alprazolam by DART-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Counterfeit and Routine Drug Identification Cases.

Journal of Forensic Sciences — Tue, 05 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Samms WC, Jiang YJ, Dixon MD, Houck SS, Mozayani A The high prevalence of alprazolam abuse translates to an increased workload for crime laboratories in characterizing seized tablets. These tablets may originate as diverted pharmaceuticals or counterfeited mimics, so efficient analytical techniques should provide confirmatory data while minimizing destruction of evidence. We offer the first report of a validated forensic method for confirming alprazolam tablets by direct analysis in real time-time of flight (DART-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis. This technique provides rapid identification of target analytes with minimal sample preparation, allowing direct analysis in the atmospheric sample gap. Selectivity is achieved through high resolution and mass accuracy, unique ion...

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Sources of interindividual variability in IVIVE of clearance: an investigation into the prediction of benzodiazepine clearance using a mechanistic population-based pharmacokinetic model.

Xenobiotica — Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cubitt HE, Yeo KR, Howgate EM, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barter ZE Prediction of metabolic clearance in extreme individuals rather than the 'average human' is becoming an attractive tool within the pharmaceutical industry. The current study involved prediction of variability in metabolic clearance for alprazolam, triazolam and midazolam with emphasis on the following factors: first, evaluation of clearance prediction accuracy using intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) data from in vitro metabolic data and back-calculation from in vivo clearance data. Second, the sensitivity of predicted in vivo variability to changes in variability for physiological parameters (e.g. liver weight, haematocrit, CYP3A abundance). Finally, reported estimates of variability in hepatic CYP3A4 abundance (coeffici...

Misery of the tranquilliser addicts forced to go cold turkey by GPs

the Mail online | Health — Tue, 22 Mar 2011 02:32:10 +0100

There is an estimated 1.3 million Britons addicted to prescription tranquillisers, also known as benzodiazepines. These drugs include diazepam (known previously as Valium), Xanax, Ativan, Serax and Librium. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

Profiting from mental ill-health | Harriet Fraad

Guardian Unlimited Science — Tue, 15 Mar 2011 18:00:01 +0100

There's a reason psychiatrists prescribe drugs rather than talking therapy: the latter makes no money for pharmaceutical firmsThe New York Times recently led with a front-page splash about psychiatry's propensity to prescribe pills, "Talk Doesn't Pay, So Psychiatry Turns Instead to Drug Therapy". That news is already widely known in the mental health field, but it has vast ramifications for Americans trying to maintain their sanity in our market-driven and medical system for delivering mental healthcare.What does the turn to drug therapy mean for the mass of Americans?Mental illness has not decreased with the change from talk therapy to drugs. In fact, as Robert Whitaker's book diagnoses, mental illness in America has become an established epidemic. So-called miracle drugs like Prozac are ...

SENTRAZOLAM AM (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 09 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

SENTRALOPRAM AM-10 (Citalopram Hydrobromide, Alprazolam) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 08 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 8, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Alprazolam/buspirone/mirtazapine overdose: Sedation, atelectasis and QT prolongation: case report

Reactions — Sun, 06 Mar 2011 17:02:10 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

A comparative evaluation of price and quality of some branded versus branded-generic medicines of the same manufacturer in India

Indian Journal of Pharmacology — Sun, 06 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion : Difference in price-to-patient was not as huge as it is expected for generics but margins for retailer were very high for branded-generics. Quality of branded-generics is same as for their branded version. The study highlights the need to modify the drug price policy, regulate the mark-ups in generic supply chain, conduct and widely publicize the quality testing of generics for awareness of all stakeholders. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)

The Line in the Sand

Rheumatology News — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

DR. GREENBAUM is a rheumatologist who practices in Greenwood, Ind. You may reach him at rheumatologynews@elsevier.com. One of my stable, middle-age arthritis patients asked me to write a prescription for antianxiety medication. This gave me a moment of anxiety while raising my clinical radar. The last thing I want is another patient calling my office monthly for the remainder of my career, pleading for more alprazolam. I glanced at my last progress note in the patient's chart. It was a letter I dictated to her family physician. “Don't you still see doctor so and so?” I wheedled hopefully. (Source: Rheumatology News)

Efficacy of alprazolam sublingual tablets in the treatment of the acute phase of panic disorders.

Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Alprazolam has been demonstrated to have efficacy, safety and good tolerability in the treatment of the acute phase of panic disorder, the sublingual tablets showing some comparative advantages. Key words: Alprazolam. Panic Disorders. Sublingual tablets. Panic attack. PMID: 21404147 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria)

GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 28, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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GABAZOLAMINE-0.5 (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 28, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Dating Violence and Substance Use Among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents

Journal of Interpersonal Violence — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Teen dating violence is a serious public health concern with numerous and long-lasting consequences. Although alcohol and drug use have been associated with dating violence, little is known about the role of specific substances, especially the use of club drugs and the nonmedical use of prescription drugs. Thus, the authors examined the association between dating violence victimization and the use of a variety of licit and illicit substances among 1,565 ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged high school students in southeast Texas. Past year dating violence victimization was reported by 14.1% of boys and 11.3% of girls. Compared to their nonabused counterparts, youth who experienced dating violence were more likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, binge drink alcohol, sniff g...

Effect of alprazolam on anxiety and cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin in mice

Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractAnxiety following heart failure (HF) and/or myocardial infarction (MI) can impede recovery and constitute a major risk factor for further cardiac events. The present study was aimed to evaluate anxiety following doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiomyopathy, a rodent model for HF, in mice. Furthermore, the study investigated the effect of alprazolam on anxiety and cardiomyopathy in this model. The study was carried out in Swiss albino mice. DOX was used at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.v. Alprazolam was administered at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg po for 7 days’ pre‐ and 7 days’ post‐DOX. Anxiety was measured on day 8 and on day 14 using elevated plus maze and Vogel’s conflict test. On 14th day, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was estimated. The mice were then killed and hea...

Favoured genetic background for testing anxiolytics in the fear-potentiated and light-enhanced startle paradigms in the rat.

Behavioural Brain Research — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Steiner MA, Lecourt H, Rakotoariniaina A, Jenck F The fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and the light-enhanced startle (LES) paradigms are rodent tests of fear and anxiety, which combine face validity with predictive validity for clinically effective anxiolytic drugs. However, systematic strain comparisons aimed at identifying a rat strain that shows robust and reliable fear and anxiety responses in both models are missing. Here, we investigated four commonly used laboratory rat strains: Wistar, Sprague Dawley, Long-Evans and F344. Following strong cued fear conditioning training [60 conditioned stimulus - unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairings], all strains except Wistar exhibited significant FPS responses. F344 rats showed the strongest FPS response. Following milder cued fear...

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Par Pharmaceutical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 14 Feb 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Digoxin Injection BP 500 micrograms/2ml

NeLM - SPC Changes — Mon, 14 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Section 4.5 of the SPC has been updated to include additional interactions between digoxin and alprazolam, gentamicin, indometacin and many more. Please see link below to SPC for full prescribing information. (Source: NeLM - SPC Changes)

Alprazolam/fluoxetine interaction: Suicidal ideation?: case report

Reactions — Sun, 06 Feb 2011 16:33:07 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Medical Treatment for Vicodin, Xanax and Oxycontin Addiction has...

PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 20:11:19 +0100

Recent data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration shows that emergency room visits and addiction treatment for the abuse of pain killers and other prescription drugs like...(PRWeb February 04, 2011)Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/painkiller/addiction/prweb5036244.htm (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)

Sick Brains in Teens - Is There A Root Cause?

NaturalNews.com — Thu, 03 Feb 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) It's been nearly a month since the nation's attention was focused on Tucson, where five were killed and 13 injured , including Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, several other shootings missed the mainstream news. Violence seems to be erupting among youths everywhere, from Los Angeles(1) to Omaha(2) to Brooklyn(3) - indicating something is seriously going wrong in the minds of young persons in this country.Why Young Brains Are SickThe list of assailing particles on children is long, and starts with chemical exposure in the womb. In July, 2005, the Environmental Working Group released a hallmark study using cord blood to assess the chemical exposure of neonates in-utero. The placenta has long been thought to shield the developing baby from pollutants in the environment. The stu...

Epileptiform response of CA1 neurones to convulsant stimulation by cyclothiazide, kainic acid and pentylenetetrazol in anaesthetized rats

Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, CTZ and PTZ induced epileptiform activities are most likely to share a similar progressive pattern in hippocampus with GABAergic mechanism dominant in epileptogenesis, while CTZ model involves additional glutamate receptor activation. KA induced seizure in hippocampus is different to that of both CTA and PTZ. The results from this study indicate that hippocampal neurons respond to various convulsant stimulation differently which may reflect the complicated causes of the seizure in clinics. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)

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Writing Exercise May Lessen Performance Anxiety's Effects

Scientific American - Official RSS Feed — Thu, 13 Jan 2011 18:57:08 +0100

Performance anxiety can be crippling. Entertainers who suffer from it come up with creative defenses. Bono has his purple shades. The indie rock singer Cat Power faces away from the audience. Others turn to more standard solutions like Xanax.But there might be a healthier quick fix: writing. Because new research reveals that writing about your specific worries just before a performance can reduce the risk of blowing it due to anxiety. The work appears in the journal Science . [Gerardo Ramirez and Sian Beilock, Writing About Testing Worries Boosts Exam Performance in the Classroom ] [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Schwarz Pharma Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 03 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 3, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Naloxone decreases the inhibitory effect of alprazolam on the release of adrenocorticotropin/cortisol induced by physical exercise in man

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 30 Dec 2010 23:56:35 +0100

Conclusions.These data demonstrate an inhibitory effect of ALP in the regulation of ACTH/cortisol response to physical exercise in man and suggest that GABAergic receptors activating benzodiazepine are peculiar in the neuroendocrine secrtion of ACTH/cortisol. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Possible case of levofloxacin-induced thrombocytopenia.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP — Fri, 24 Dec 2010 17:21:02 +0100

Conclusion A 73-year-old woman with stage IV squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity developed a possible case of levofloxacin-induced thrombocytopenia after receiving the drug for 10 days for treatment of CAP. PMID: 21164064 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

SENTRAZOLAM AM (Alprazolam) Tablet [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 23 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 23, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam) Tablet [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 23 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 23, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Overexpression of CB2 cannabinoid receptors decreased vulnerability to anxiety and impaired anxiolytic action of alprazolam in mice

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Mice overexpressing CB2r (CB2xP) were exposed to open field (OF), light–dark box (LDB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA were measured in paraventricular (PVN) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus after 30 minutes of restraint stress (RS). Anxiolytic effects of alprazolam (45 or 70 µg/kg, ip) were evaluated. GABAA2 and GABAA2 mRNA were measured in the hippocampus (HIPP) and amygdala (AMY) of CB2xP and wild type (WT) mice. No differences were observed in the total distance travelled by CB2xP and WT mice in OF. Central and peripheral distances travelled significantly increased and decreased in CB2xP mice. Overexpression of CB2r reduced anxiety-like behaviours in LDB and EPM. In WT mice, RS increas...

Metabolism of Benzodiazepine and Non-Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic-Hypnotic Drugs: An Analytical Point of View.

Current Drug Metabolism — Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA A review with 132 references. Several kinds of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs are currently available on the market. Although BZDs are surely the most frequently prescribed among them, several chemically unrelated compounds have been commercialised, which can provide similar or even higher efficacy and tolerability. These drugs can prove useful for patients who are non-responder or intolerant to benzodiazepine treatment, thus giving broader therapeutic options to the clinician. The most important studies on the metabolic characteristics of several non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics and hypnotics are reported and briefly discussed in this review; moreover, the analytical methods related to these studies are also described and commented upon and the...

Assessment of algorithms for predicting drug–drug interactions via inhibition mechanisms: comparison of dynamic and static models

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 09 Dec 2010 16:04:15 +0100

CONCLUSIONS High prediction accuracy was observed using both the Simcyp dynamic and static models. The differences observed with the dose staggering and the incorporation of active metabolite highlight the importance of these variables in DDI prediction. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

The acute and late CNS glutamine response to benzodiazepine challenge: A pilot pharmacokinetic study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 22:19:24 +0100

Abstract: Benzodiazepines (BZs), which are typically used as anxiolytics, act by modulating inhibitory signaling through gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA)A receptors. Functionally, the inhibitory effects of GABA may be counterbalanced by the excitatory effects of glutamate (Glu) as the two neurotransmitter systems are metabolically linked through their synthetic intermediate glutamine (Gln). The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the effects of different BZs on the GABA and Glu/Gln systems would vary according to the pharmacokinetics of the different drugs. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) was used to measure GABA, Glu, and Gln levels in six healthy adult volunteers 1h and 10h following immediate release alprazolam, extended release alprazolam, clonazepam, or ...

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Comparison of intrinsic clearances in human liver microsomes and suspended hepatocytes from the same donor livers: clearance-dependent relationship and implications for prediction of in vivo clearance.

Xenobiotica — Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Foster JA, Houston JB, Hallifax D Intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) of seven probe cytochrome P450 substrates, across a wide range of clearance, was compared in microsomes and cryopreserved hepatocytes from the same four livers. Previous comparisons have shown system dependence, but using preparations from different donor livers. Four-fold average underprediction of microsomal CL(int) by hepatocytes (scaled to whole liver) for high clearance substrates (midazolam, nifedipine, and diclofenac) was observed with relatively unbiased prediction (within 1.5-fold average) for the low/medium clearance substrates (tolbutamide, alprazolam, bufuralol, and triazolam). CL(int) of midazolam and nifedipine corresponded between livers over a tenfold range, but the absolute ranges were lower for h...

Rapid ultraviolet monitoring of multiple psychotropic drugs with a renewable microfluidic device.

Analytica Chimica Acta — Fri, 22 Oct 2010 18:55:51 +0100

Authors: Sheng J, Lei J, Ju H, Song C, Zhang D A rapid method for sensitive ultraviolet detection of multiple psychotropic drugs in human plasma was developed on a low-cost and expediently fabricated hybrid microfluidic device. The device was composed of one fused-silica capillary with a sampling fracture, a poly(methyl methacrylate) board with four reservoirs, and a printed circuit board. At the optimal separation and detection conditions, the baseline separation of three kinds of psychotropic drugs including barbiturates (phenobarbital and barbital), benzodiazepines (nitrazepam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide, alprazolam and diazepam) and tricyclic antidepressant drugs (amitriptyline) was achieved within 200 s with separation efficiency up to 3.80 × 10(5) plates m(-1). The linear rang...

GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam) Tablet [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 21 Oct 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 21, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

A case of suicidal thoughts with alprazolam.

Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry — Sat, 16 Oct 2010 11:40:05 +0100

Authors: Mahendran R, Liew E PMID: 20944783 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry)

[Comparison between two analgesic protocols on IVF success rates.]

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Thu, 07 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The protocol N/K enhances patient comfort without jeopardizing the IVF success rates. PMID: 20934819 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction)

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Reduction of fear-potentiated startle by benzodiazepines in C57BL/6J mice

Psychopharmacology — Tue, 05 Oct 2010 05:44:11 +0100

Conclusions We used a modified and pharmacologically-validated paradigm to assess FPS in mice thereby providing a powerful tool to examine the neurobiology of PTSD in genetic models of anxiety generated on the C57BL/6J background. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00213-010-2026-1Authors Kiersten S. Smith, Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USAEdward G. Meloni, Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USAKaryn M. Myers, Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USAAshlee Van’t Veer, Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill S...

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 04 Oct 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 4, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

One Nation Under Xanax

Psychiatric Times — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:30:01 +0100

America is a Xanax nation according to a report just posted on www.Forbes.com. (Source: Psychiatric Times)

Effect of an oral anxiolytic medication and heart rate variability on image quality of 64-slice MDCT coronary angiography

La Radiologia Medica — Fri, 17 Sep 2010 16:55:47 +0100

Conclusions The most important finding in our study is that oral premedication to reduce anxiety is also effective in decreasing HRV and improves image quality. Therefore, we suggest that using alprazolam in addition to a β-blocker may improve image quality in patients undergoing MDCT coronary angiography (MDCT-CA). Anxiolytic usage may improve image quality by lowering the HRV in selected cases where administration of a β-blocker is contraindicated. We also suggest that further studies in larger series are required to validate this finding. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11547-010-0581-5Authors R. Cubuk, Department of Radiology, Maltepe University School of Medicine, Feyzullah cad, no: 39, 34843 Maltepe, Istanbul, TurkeyN. Tasali, Department of Radiol...

Increase in Unintentional Medication Overdose Deaths: Oklahoma, 1994–2006

American Journal of Preventive Medicine — Wed, 15 Sep 2010 07:51:43 +0100

Conclusions: Unintentional medication-related deaths are increasing in Oklahoma and often involve multiple substances. Substances most frequently contributing to deaths were prescription opioid analgesics. Prevention strategies should target people aged 35–54 years and emphasize the dangers of coingesting substances and misusing prescription pain medications. (Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine)

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Reliability of ion mobility spectrometry for qualitative analysis of complex, multicomponent illicit drug samples

Forensic Science International — Fri, 10 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been used for trace analysis of illicit drugs, but it can also provide reliable qualitative analysis of bulk forensic drug items, despite the complexity of these samples. The drug/drug and drug/excipient combinations representing over 80% of the samples reported by state and federal forensic laboratories over the past 7 years were compiled from reports of the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS). From this set of materials, IMS detection windows were set for eight controlled substances, including methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hydrochloride (MDMA), cocaine, heroin, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and alprazolam. The reduced mobilities of the eight controlled substances were measured over an extended peri...

ALPRAZOLAM ERtablet [Sandoz Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 04 Aug 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 4, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Medications used in overdose and how they are acquired - an investigation of cases attending an inner Melbourne emergency department.

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health — Sat, 24 Jul 2010 18:45:42 +0100

Conclusion: The high representation of benzodiazepines among medications used in overdose is of ongoing concern. Implications: The time of medication prescription and dispensing may be an ideal opportunity for overdose prevention, through judicious prescribing, consideration of treatment alternatives, patient education and encouraging the safe disposal of unused medications. PMID: 20649781 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health)

Diazepam leads to enhanced severity of orthopoxvirus infection and immune suppression.

Vaccine — Thu, 22 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Huemer HP, Lassnig C, Nowotny N, Irschick EU, Kitchen M, Pavlic M Benzodiazepines are drugs widely used as tranquilizers and in various other indications. We treated Balb/c mice with diazepam and infected them with cowpox (CPXV) and vaccinia virus (VACV). Disease index, weight loss and the antibody response were determined. Additionally the influence of different benzodiazepines on the mitogen response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen cells was tested. Diazepam led to earlier disease onset, prolonged duration of symptoms, higher weight loss and overall disease index in VACV infected mice. CPXV infected mice developed poxviral skin lesions only after drug administration and a significant decrease in the specific antibody response was also observed. Diazepam and ...

Determination of tricyclic antidepressants in human breast milk by capillary electrophoresis.

Fri, 18 Jun 2010 17:21:03 +0100

Authors: Acedo-Valenzuela MI, Mora-DÃez N, Galeano-DÃaz T, Silva-RodrÃguez A A method for the determination of several tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine, norclomipramine, doxepine and nordoxepine) in breast milk has been developed. This assay consists of a common extraction process in an organic phase, which is evaporated until dried and finally reconstituted in the appropriate buffer for injection in a capillary electrophoresis system. The capillary electrophoresis method used is an "acetonitrile stacking" method previously reported for determining these drugs in serum samples. The method developed was applied to the analysis of these compounds in human breast milk at different concentration levels (50, 100 and 200 ...

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Sun Pharma receives USFDA nod for anti-anxiety drug

The Economic Times Healthcare and Biotech News — Fri, 18 Jun 2010 08:43:48 +0100

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries today said that it has received the US Food and Drug Administration's nod to market a generic version of alprazolam, an anti-anxiety drug, in the US market. (Source: The Economic Times Healthcare and Biotech News)

Pregnancy and Psychotropic Medications

Psych Central — Fri, 28 May 2010 12:31:28 +0100

Pregnancy can be a challenging time for women with long-term mental disorders. While mental illness is common among women of childbearing age, it can bring increased difficulties and risks during and after pregnancy, such as birth complications and a worsening of symptoms. Dr. Jacqueline Frayne from the King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women in Perth, Western Australia, says, “Although pregnancy and childbirth can be a time of great joy, for some women and their families it may also be a time of turmoil.” She explains that the rate of serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, is fairly low but up to one in five women will experience “clinically diagnosable depression or anxiety” during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Taking medication for these conditions...

Despite Known Health Risks Long-Term Use Of Anti-Anxiety Drugs Continues In B.C.

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 22 May 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Drugs to treat anxiety and sleep disorders are still being prescribed for extended periods to British Columbian patients - and increasingly so for baby boomers - despite warnings against long-term use, according to a University of British Columbia study. Published online in the journal Health Policy, the study by researchers at UBC's Centre for Health Services and Policy Research (CHSPR) is the first of its kind to examine the use of benzodiazepines such as Xanax and Ativan for an entire population over time... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

A new method for the simultaneous determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines and amfepramone as adulterants in phytotherapeutic formulations by voltammetry

Forensic Science International — Sun, 16 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The use of synthetic pharmaceuticals in phytotherapeutics can be defined as an illegal practice, since these compounds are normally present as non-declared compounds in the phytotherapeutical formulations. This work aims to show the development of an analytical method based on adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) for the simultaneous determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines and amfepramone. The developed method was used to measure seven benzodiazepines (clonazepam, flurazepam, alprazolam, midazolam, medazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and diazepam) and amfepramone in slimming formulations that have been commercialized in Brazil. This method permits the screening of adulterant classes in a single voltammetric run by using a hanging mercury drop electrode as a working electrode a...

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A little pill that could cure alcoholism

Guardian Unlimited Science — Sat, 08 May 2010 23:07:27 +0100

When an alcoholic doctor began experimenting with Baclofen, he made what could be the medical breakthrough of the centuryThe Hotel Lutetia is a beautiful belle époque building in Paris's sixth arrondissement. It's a place steeped in history: Josephine Baker was a resident, and it was here that General de Gaulle spent his wedding night. It was also here, on 26 January 2000, that Dr Olivier Ameisen, first official physician to the prime minister of France under Raymond Barre, noted cardiologist at Cornell University, talented pianist and friend of both Nobel Peace Prize-winner Elie Wiesel and record producer Arif Mardin, received the Légion d'Honneur for his "contribution to the image of France abroad and to cardiology".A proud moment in a life of excellence and achievement, you would imag...

Measuring anxiety- and locomotion-related behaviours in mice: a new way of using old tests

Psychopharmacology — Sat, 08 May 2010 10:09:27 +0100

Conclusions These findings suggest that the triple test is sensitive to genetic/pharmacological influences on anxiety and locomotion and that, by providing quasi-simultaneous measures from three different apparatuses, it may represent an alternative to the use of test batteries. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationDOI 10.1007/s00213-010-1873-0Authors Leanne M. Fraser, Dalhousie University Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4J1Richard E. Brown, Dalhousie University Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4J1Ahmed Hussin, Dalhousie University Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute Halifax Nova Scotia Canada B3H 4J1Mara Fontana, Dalhousie University Psy...

The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is involved in the anxiolytic, sedative and amnesic actions of benzodiazepines

Journal of Psychopharmacology — Wed, 05 May 2010 15:46:50 +0100

Previous studies in our laboratory showed that cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice (CB1-/-) presented increased anxiety-like behaviours that did not respond to the anxiolytic actions of benzodiazepines. These results suggest that the pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines may involve the participation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alprazolam and the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 on behavioural assays (light—dark box test, neurological severity score and step-down inhibitory avoidance test) and on the functional activity of the CB1 receptor (WIN-55,212-stimulated [35S] guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding autoradiography).The administration of alprazolam (40 µg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) decre...

ALPRAZOLAM XR (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Greenstone LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 27, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 27, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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XANAX XR (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 27, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Erratum to: Validating a human model for anxiety using startle potentiated by cue and context: the effects of alprazolam, pregabalin, and diphenhydramine

Psychopharmacology — Fri, 23 Apr 2010 08:05:48 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00213-010-1837-4Authors J. M. P. Baas, Utrecht University Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Van Unnik Building, Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The NetherlandsN. Mol, Utrecht University Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Van Unnik Building, Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The NetherlandsJ. L. Kenemans, Utrecht University Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Van Unnik Building, Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The NetherlandsE. P. Prinssen, CNS Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Clinical Development Basel SwitzerlandI. Niklson, CNS Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Clinical Development Basel SwitzerlandC. Xia-Chen, Centre for Human Drug Resear...

The Placebo Effect Can Kill You

Psychology Today Personality Center — Sat, 10 Apr 2010 17:06:08 +0100

It could be argued that Wikipedia is not the most scholarly or accurate resource for medical information. On the other hand, I am not a physician or a psychologist, so please cut me some slack. From Wikipedia: "The patient is given an inert pill, told that it may improve his/her condition, but not told that it is in fact inert. Such an intervention may cause the patient to believe the treatment will change his/her condition; and this belief may produce a subjective perception of a therapeutic effect, causing the patient to feel their condition has improved. This phenomenon is known as the placebo effect."My first foray into the nebulous world of antidepressants was in 1985 when I was put on Sinequan. It gave me severe cotton mouth, didn't do much for my mood, but ca...

Comment on the successful treatment by Dueñas-Laita et al of chronic drug-resistant urticaria with alprazolam

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology — Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: In their letter, Dueñas-Laita et al show an effect of alprazolam in the treatment of chronic drug-resistant urticaria, which provides a therapeutic measurement for chronic urticaria (CU), especially chronic idiopathic urticaria. However, we have several doubts. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

Reply

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology — Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: We have read the comments of Zhong et al on our study of treatment of resistant chronic urticaria with alprazolam with great interest. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Statement For National Poison Prevention Week

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 18 Mar 2010 19:00:00 +0100

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes the five-fold increase in unintentional drug overdose deaths noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1990 and 2006 as a serious public health concern. Much of this increase follows from increases in the deaths from the use of opioid drugs, which in 2006 accounted for more overdose deaths than heroin and cocaine combined. The agency is also concerned about misuse of benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium and Xanax), which accounted for 272,000 emergency department visits in 2008 (compared to 306,000 for opioids)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Statement for National Poison Prevention Week

Food and Drug Administration — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 19:15:00 +0100

FDA Committed to Addressing Growing National Overdose Problem The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes the five-fold increase in unintentional drug overdose deaths noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1990 and 2006 as a serious public health concern. Much of this increase follows from increases in the deaths from the use of opioid drugs, which in 2006 accounted for more overdose deaths than heroin and cocaine combined. The agency is also concerned about misuse of benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium and Xanax), which accounted for 272,000 emergency department visits in 2008 (compared to 367,000 for opioids). (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

Actavis Receives Approval of Alprazolam ODT in the U.S.

Pharmaceutical Online News — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 12:39:00 +0100

Actavis Group, the international generic pharmaceuticals company, today announced that it has received approval from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration to market Alprazolam orally disintegrating tablets. Distribution of the product will commence immediately. (Source: Pharmaceutical Online News)

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Par Pharmaceutical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 11, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 5, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Experimental design for optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of benzodiazepines in human plasma.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry — Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fernández P, Vázquez C, Lorenzo RA, Carro AM, Alvarez I, Cabarcos P A simple and fast microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) method has been evaluated as an alternative to solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the determination of six benzodiazepines widely prescribed in European countries (alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam and tetrazepam) in human plasma. For MAE optimization a Doehlert experimental design was used with extraction time, temperature and solvent volume as influential parameters. A desirability function was employed in addition to the simultaneous optimization of the MAE conditions. The analysis of variance showed that the solvent volume had a positive influence on the extraction of all the analytes tested, achieving a statistically sig...

ALPRAZOLAM EXTENDED-RELEASE (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Rising Pharmaceuticals Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 03 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 3, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Valium link to heroin is unfounded

NHS News Feed — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 11:29:00 +0100

Conclusion This animal study has been thorough and well conducted. The findings will be of interest to the research community and to those interested in designing drugs that have lower addictive potential. The result of this research may also lead to an improved understanding of the mechanisms behind individuals’ varying susceptibility to addiction, an area that has further research potential. However, despite the researchers finding that BDZ works using a similar pathway to certain illegal drugs, media comparisons to heroin addiction seems to be quite alarmist. This research has concentrated on identifying neurological processes in mice and not the complex factors involved in substance abuse or drug addiction. Based on this research it seems inappropriate to compare the use of oral d...

The Effects of Antecedent GABAA Activation with Alprazolam on Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Healthy Man.

Diabetes — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Alprazolam activation of GABA(A) pathways during day 1 hypoglycemia can play an important role in regulating a spectrum of key physiologic responses during subsequent (day 2) hypoglycemia in healthy man. PMID: 20086227 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes)

Benzodiazepines medazepam and midazolam are activators of pregnane X receptor and weak inducers of CYP3A4: Investigation in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cell lines.

Toxicology Letters — Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, Alprazolam, Bromazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Nitrazepam, Oxazepam, Tetrazepam and Triazolam can be considered as safe drugs in term of their inability to induce PXR- and AhR-dependent cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Medazepam and Midazolam slightly activated pregnane X receptor and displayed weak potency to induce CYP3A4 mRNA in human hepatocytes. PMID: 20080160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Toxicology Letters)

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Alcohol, benzos, and opiates - Withdrawal that might kill you!

Psychology Today Addiction Center — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 13:45:45 +0100

Along with teaching and telling stories, part of my goal here at All About Addiction is to get important information out to those who can benefit from it. Most drug users who quit drug use "cold turkey" have to go through withdrawal of some sort. Withdrawal is never comfortable, but sometimes it can actually be dangerous. The list below outlines some drugs that should NEVER be quit suddenly without medical supervision. This is the reason why some rehab treatment is preceeded by a medical detox period lasting anywhere from 2 days to a week or more. Which withdrawals can actually kill? Alcohol - Yes, after long term use, withdrawal from alcohol can kill. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome can take on mild, moderate, or severe forms. If while withdrawing from alcohol a person develops a fever, ...

Anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative medication use in Australia

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We examined the trends in the prescribing of subsidised anxiolytic, hypnotic and sedative (AHS) medication use in the Australian population from 2002 to 2007.We analysed the Medicare Australia and Drug Utilisation Sub-Committee databases for AHS script data from 2002 to 2007 by source, class of prescriber, gender and 5-year age groups. Scripts were converted to defined daily dose per 1000 population per day (DDD/1000 population/day) using Australian Bureau of Statistics population data.Overall use of AHS increased from 23.76 to 24.11 DDD/1000 population/day between 2002 and 2007. Anxiolytic medication utilisation increased as hypnotic medication utilisation decreased. Diazepam was the most widely used anxiolytic followed by alprazolam and oxazepam. Temazepam was the most widely used hypnot...

Elevated International Normalized Ratio associated with concurrent use of ophthalmic erythromycin and warfarin.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: An increase in INR values was reported after initiation of ophthalmic erythromycin in a patient receiving warfarin and recurred upon rechallenge with ophthalmic erythromycin. PMID: 20044367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

Poster 3: Frequency of Epileptic Seizures in a Population of Juvenile Huntington's Disease Patients

Neurotherapeutics — Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Discussion: Although the focality of the spike and slow wave discharges is suggestive of localization-related epilepsy, the presence of more generalized spike wave discharges suggests symptomatic generalized epilepsy. AEDs used in these patients included valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and alprazolam. All were managed effectively with monotherapy, except the child with epileptiform abnormalities on her EEG; she experienced an increase in her seizure frequency on levetiracetam monotherapy. Lamotrigine monotherapy was ineffective, and she is now on a combination of valproic acid and lamotrigine in attempt to reduce her seizure frequency from her current rate of 3 events per week. Expanding our understanding of the mechanism and best treatment of seizures in JHD will require analys...

Validated LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitative determination of vardenafil in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

Biomedical Chromatography : BMC — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lake ST, Altman PM, Vaisman J, Addison RS A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) assay has been developed for the quantitative analysis of vardenafil in human plasma. Vardenafil and the internal standard, alprazolam, were extracted from 0.2 mL aliquots of alkalinized plasma by a single solvent extraction into hexane : dichloromethane. Reversed-phase chromatographic separation was affected by gradient elution with mobile phases consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate pH 7.0 (solvent A) and methanol (100%, solvent B), delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The analytes were detected by using an electrospray ion source on a 4000 QTrap triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization mode. The mass transitions we...

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Hypertrophic scars from surgical staples mimicking folliculitis

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:02:46 +0100

We report an unusual presentation of multiple hypertrophic scars resulting from surgical staples. A 23-year-old Vietnamese man developed toxic epidermal necrolysis to carbamazepine and was treated with porcine skin allograft sheets, which were secured with surgical staples, and continued supportive care in our burn unit with complete recovery. Four to 5 weeks after discharge, he developed widespread pruritic red papules. He denied fevers or other systemic complaints. His medical history included anxiety, which was treated with alprazolam, and allergic rhinitis, which was controlled with cetirizine. A physical examination revealed dozens of paired 4-mm dome-shaped, firm, red papules on all four extremities and the lateral trunk, sparing the back. On the arms and trunk, the pairs were reprod...

The modified Geller-Seifter test in rats was insensitive to GABA(B) receptor positive modulation or blockade, or 5HT(1A) receptor activation.

Behavioural Brain Research — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Paterson NE, Hanania T Rationale: Both the GABA(B) receptor positive modulator GS39783 and the GABA(B) receptor antagonist CGP46381 exhibit anxiolytic-like properties in animal models. In the present studies, the effects of GS39783 and CGP46381 in the modified Geller-Seifter task were assessed. First, the predictive validity of the task was confirmed by assessing the effects of multiple anxiolytic and non-anxiolytic compounds on punished and unpunished responding. Methods: Rats were trained in the modified Geller-Seifter task. After successful acquisition of the task, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, MPEP, haloperidol, GS39783, 8-OH-DPAT, alprazolam and CGP46381 were tested consecutively. For each test compound, doses were administered in a randomized, counter-balanced, within-subj...

Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Pharmacological vs. Behavioral Treatment

Psychology Today Anxiety Center — Tue, 08 Dec 2009 15:37:09 +0100

Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental, emotional and behavioral problems to occur during childhood and adolescence. About 13 out of every 100 children and adolescents age 9 to 17 experience some kind of anxiety disorder, according to the U.S. National Mental Health Information Center. Girls are affected more than boys. While these disorders may seem minor, if left untreated, they can lead to the inability to finish school, impaired social relations, low self-esteem, and eventually, adult anxiety disorders.The onset of childhood anxiety usually begins between the ages of six and eight. At this age, children typically lose their fear of the dark and other imaginary dangers, and instead become more afraid and anxious about school performance and interactions with friends.Some stu...

The toxicological challenges in the European research project DRUID

Forensic Science International Supplement Series — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 16:16:36 +0100

Abstract: Within the epidemiological studies of the integrated European research project DRUID (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, alcohol and medicines), 13 laboratories from across Europe will analyse whole blood, oral fluid (OF) or urine from the general driving population and injured drivers. To ensure the comparability of toxicological results from the different studies, the collection of samples, analytical methods, target analytes and analytical cut-offs have been standardized for all laboratories involved.Target analytes were selected based on suspected impairing effects and prevalence. Twenty-three drugs are included in the ‘core list’ for which analysis is mandatory: ethanol, amphetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA, methamphetamine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, THC, THC-COOH, 6-acetylmo...

MedWorm: Alprazolam

Hurry Up! Let's Talk About Anxiety!

Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on panic disorder comorbid with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

Muscle relaxants for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis.

Panic Disorder in the Age of Anxiety

Opinionator | Anxiety: It's Still the 'Age of Anxiety.' Or Is It?

Treatment strategies of obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder/agoraphobia.

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

ALPRAZOLAM EXTENDED-RELEASE (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [H.J. Harkins Company, Inc.]

Use of potentially inappropriate medications in an ambulatory Medicare population

Table of Contents

Metabolism of alprazolam (a marker of CYP3A4) in hemodialysis patients with persistent inflammation

The use of alprazolam by people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia

Physiological and subjective effects of acute intranasal methamphetamine during extended-release alprazolam maintenance

Side Effects of Paxil and Xanax

Cross-conditional entropy and coherence analysis of pharmaco-EEG changes induced by alprazolam

Comparison of various treatment modalities for acute tinnitus

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet [Lake Erie Medical DBA Quality Care Products LLC]

Memory disorders associated with consumption of drugs: updating through a case/noncase study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database

Evidence-based guideline update: Treatment of essential tremor: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

Role of alpha1‐ and alpha2‐GABAA receptors in mediating the respiratory changes associated with benzodiazepine sedation

Evaluation of metabolism-mediated herb-drug interactions.

Zolpidem associated with higher risk of fractures compared to lorazepam and alprazolam, and similar risk to diazepam

"Xanax is My Favorite Palindrome"

Risk of Fractures Requiring Hospitalization After an Initial Prescription for Zolpidem, Alprazolam, Lorazepam, or Diazepam in Older Adults

Bold Move to Reduce Xanax Abuse by Louisville Clinic

In Louisville, a Center’s Doctors Cut Off Xanax Prescriptions

Clinic Weaning Patients Off Xanax

Clinic weaning patients off Xanax

In Louisville, a Center’s Doctors Cut Off Xanax Prescriptions

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

Huffing-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report.

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Par Pharmaceutical Inc.]

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

Detection and validated quantification of 21 benzodiazepines and 3 “z-drugs” in human hair by LC–MS/MS

GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

A latent class approach to the external validation of respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtypes.

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

SENTRAZOLAM AM (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

XANAX (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

GABAZOLAMINE-0.5 (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

Rx Drug Overdoses Up In Florida

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Bryant Ranch Prepack]

Xanax XR (Alprazolam) - updated on RxList

Alprazolam Among Top Causes of Fatal Overdoses in Florida

Drug overdose deaths --- Florida, 2003--2009.

Alprazolam/clonazepam: Drug dependence: case report

Alprazolam/cocaine/diamorphine abuse: Sensorineural hearing loss: case report

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

Alprazolam withdrawal: Death: case report

Niravam (Alprazolam) - updated on RxList

Alprazolam: Amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea: case report

Alprazolam/oxymorphone overdose: Unconsciousness: 2 case reports

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Azur Pharma Inc.]

The incidence of drugs of impairment in oral fluid from random roadside testing

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet [Preferred Pharmaceuticals, Inc]

Prescribed drugs and violence: a case/noncase study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database

Antiamnesic Activity of an Ayurvedic Formulation Chyawanprash in Mice

Amygdala abnormalities in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia unmasked by benzodiazepine challenge

The prevalence and pharmacotherapy of depression in cancer patients

Memory disorders associated with drugs consumption: updating through a case / non‐case study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database

SENTRAZOLAM AM (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

GABAZOLAMINE-0.5 (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

Interaction between delta opioid receptors and benzodiazepines in CO(2)-induced respiratory responses in mice.

ALPRAZOLAM XR (Alprazolam) Tablet, Extended Release [Greenstone LLC]

ALPRAZOLAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [Par Pharmaceutical Inc.]

NIRAVAM (Alprazolam) Tablet, Orally Disintegrating [STAT RX USA LLC]

Analysis of Alprazolam by DART-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Counterfeit and Routine Drug Identification Cases.

Sources of interindividual variability in IVIVE of clearance: an investigation into the prediction of benzodiazepine clearance using a mechanistic population-based pharmacokinetic model.

Misery of the tranquilliser addicts forced to go cold turkey by GPs

Profiting from mental ill-health | Harriet Fraad

SENTRAZOLAM AM (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

SENTRALOPRAM AM-10 (Citalopram Hydrobromide, Alprazolam) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]

Alprazolam/buspirone/mirtazapine overdose: Sedation, atelectasis and QT prolongation: case report

A comparative evaluation of price and quality of some branded versus branded-generic medicines of the same manufacturer in India

The Line in the Sand

Efficacy of alprazolam sublingual tablets in the treatment of the acute phase of panic disorders.

GABAZOLAMINE (Alprazolam, Choline) Kit [Physician Therapeutics LLC]