MedWorm: Amoxicillin

Actinomycetoma of the chest wall attributed to Nocardia nova after reconstructive surgery.

Dermatol Online J — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 12:54:18 +0100

Authors: Antunes J, Pacheco D, Travassos R, Sequeira H, Filipe P, Marques MS Abstract A 29-year-old man, presented with multiple ulcers, nodules, abscesses, fistulae, and atrophic scars, over the right chest wall. Six years prior, the patient had a car accident, which resulted in skin loss of the right arm, shoulder, thoracic wall. In addition, he suffered a supracondylar fracture; orthopedic surgery and skin grafts were required. Material discharging from sinus tracts was obtained for mycological and bacteriological studies. Direct microscopic examination revealed small white grains. Cultures on Sabouraud and Lowenstein-Jensen media isolated orange-white colonies suggestive of Nocardia. PCR assay identified Nocardia nova. Thoracic and right upper limb CT showed signs of chronic os...

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Amoxicillin: Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema and fixed drug eruption in a child: case report

Reactions — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 18:29:54 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Modification of TiO(2) nanotube surfaces by electro-spray deposition of amoxicillin combined with PLGA for bactericidal effects at surgical implantation sites.

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. This study used electro-spray deposition (ESD) methodology to obtain amoxicillin deposition in nanotube structures of TiO(2) and found the optimal deposition time of amoxicillin/PLGA solution simultaneously performing non-toxicity and a high bactericidal effect for preventing early implant failures. PMID: 22299831 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica)

Comparison of levofloxacin-containing sequential and standard triple therapies for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

European Journal of Internal Medicine — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 00:26:41 +0100

CONCLUSION: The levofloxacin-containing sequential therapy is a significantly better strategy than the standard triple treatment for H. pylori eradication. Standard triple treatment is no more effective for H. pylori in our population and levofloxacin-containing sequential regimen might be used as a first-line eradication option. PMID: 22284248 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)

Amoxicillin: Erythema multiforme: case report

Reactions — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:34:27 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Multidrug-Resistant, NAP2 Clostridium difficile was the Predominant Toxigenic, Hospital-Acquired Strain in the Province of Manitoba, Canada in 2006-2007.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of the current study was to determine if the antimicrobial susceptibility profile or genotype of hospital-acquired isolates of Clostridium difficile differed from isolates causing community-acquired disease. Five hundred diarrheal stool samples (>2 ml, one sample per patient) from patients across Manitoba, Canada in 2006-2007 that were reported as C. difficile toxin-positive were cultured and resulted in 432 isolates of toxin-positive C. difficile for analysis. Of the 432 isolates, acquisition status could be determined for 235 (54.4%) isolates; 182 (77.4%) were hospital-acquired and 53 (22.6%) were community-acquired. North American Pulsotype (NAP) designations based on SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis could be defined for 52% of the 432 isolates with NAP2 (n = 122) ...

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AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 2, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Development and analytical validation of a multivariate calibration method for determination of amoxicillin in suspension formulations by near infrared spectroscopy.

Talanta — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Silva MA, Ferreira MH, Braga JW, Sena MM Abstract This paper proposes a new method for determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical suspension formulations, based on transflectance near infrared (NIR) measurements and partial least squares (PLS) multivariate calibration. A complete methodology was implemented for developing the proposed method, including an experimental design, data preprocessing by using multiple scatter correction (MSC) and outlier detection based on high values of leverage, and X and Y residuals. The best PLS model was obtained with seven latent variables in the range from 40.0 to 65.0mgmL(-1) of amoxicillin, providing a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.6mgmL(-1). The method was validated in accordance with Brazilian and international...

Dacryocystitis: Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Therapy

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:50:36 +0100

The objective of this paper is to review the main findings of the largest studies on the etiopathogenesis and microbiology of the development of dacryocystitis and to formulate clinical and surgical guidelines based on said studies and on our experience at Cruces Hospital, the Basque Country, Spain. The most common sign of this entity is the distal nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and this should be treated to prevent clinical relapse. The time when surgery should be indicated mainly depends on the clinical signs and symptoms, age and general status of a patient. Given the germs isolated in cases of dacryocystitis, antibiotic therapy against Gram positive (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis) and Gram negative bacteria (H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa) should be administered, orally i...

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Sandoz Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 26, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Specifically Selects for Cotrimoxazole Resistance in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus with Varied Polymorphisms in the Target Genes folA and folP

International Journal of Photoenergy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100

The selection of antibiotic resistance by cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was evaluated, and we characterized the mechanism of cotrimoxazole resistance in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. In vitro susceptibility to six antibiotics was evaluated on 64 mutans streptococci group (MSG) isolates from a cotrimoxazole prophylaxis group and compared to 84 MSG isolates from a nonprophylaxis group. The folA and folP genes were sequenced and compared with reference sequences at NCBI. Only resistance to cotrimoxazole was significantly higher in the prophylaxis group (54.7% versus 15.5%, OR=6.59, 95% CI: 2.89–15.3, P<0.05). Resistance to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline was 1.4%, 25.5%, 6.2%, 6.5%, and 29.6% of ...

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Accelerated Growth Rate Induced by Neonatal High-Protein Milk Formula Is Not Supported by Increased Tissue Protein Synthesis in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets

International Journal of Photoenergy — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100

In conclusion, accelerated growth rate caused by high protein formula and antibiotics was not supported by increased protein synthesis in muscle and carcass. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy)

Comparative epidemiology of CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15 producing Escherichia coli: Association with distinct demographic groups in the community in New Zealand

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 06:53:27 +0100

Abstract Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) are an emerging public health issue. In New Zealand (NZ), bla CTX-M-14 and bla CTX-M-15 are the most common ESBL genes. Although many studies describe risk factors for ESBL-EC, few describe risk factors for specific ESBL genes. Between January 2006 and December 2007, we characterized 108 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of ESBL-EC at the Auckland Hospital laboratory. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Of the 108, 54.6% (59) were CTX-M-15-EC, 26.9% (29) were CTX-M-14-EC and 12.09% were CTX-M-9 (13). The remaining seven isolates carried CTX-M-3 (3; 2.7%), CTX-M-65 (2; 1.8%), CTX-M-27 (1; 0.9%) and CTX-M-57 (1; 0.9%). CTX-M-15-EC were more likely than CTX-M-14-EC to be fluoroquinolone-resistant...

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [NorthStar Rx LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 24, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Aurobindo Pharma Limited]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 24, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: Clostridium difficile infection causing diarrhoea: case report

Reactions — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:35:21 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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First‐day step‐down to oral outpatient treatment versus continued standard treatment in children with cancer and low‐risk fever in neutropenia. A randomized controlled trial within the multicenter SPOG 2003 FN study

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsIn children with low‐risk FN, the efficacy of first‐day step‐down to oral antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin in an outpatient setting was non‐inferior to continued hospitalization and intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The safety of this procedure, however, was not assessable with sufficient power. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Epidemiological, clinical features and susceptibility pattern of shigellosis in the Buea Health District, Cameroon

BMC Research Notes — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Shigellosis is more prevalent in children below 15 years in the Buea District. There is a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics used for the treatment of shigellosis including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) as well as evidence of resistance to quinolones. Azithromycin was found to be the drug of choice for shigellosis in this setting. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

The use of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and quinolones as first choice antibiotics in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Spain should be reviewed.

Atencion Primaria — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Llor C, Aspiroz C, Cano A, Barranco M PMID: 22265580 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Atencion Primaria)

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMpowder, For Suspension [NorthStar Rx LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 18, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis to amoxicillin associated with parvovirus B19 reactivation.

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report the case of a 22-year-old male patient with 2 episodes, 4 months apart, of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) associated with oral intake of amoxicillin and simultaneous reactivation of parvovirus B19 infection proven by positive polymerase chain reaction test in the skin fragment and blood sample and elevation of the IgG antibodies titer. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AGEP resulting from the interaction between drug hypersensitivity and the reactivation of parvovirus B19. A combination of an immunological reaction to the drug and virus infection could be responsible for the clinical picture. PMID: 22257115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology)

Duration of Dual Amoxicillin Plus Omeprazole for H. Pylori Duration of Dual Amoxicillin Plus Omeprazole for H. Pylori

Medscape Today Headlines — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 04:00:00 +0100

How long should a patient with H. pylori disease be treated with a combination of an antibiotic and a proton pump inhibitor? This new study investigates. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Preferred Pharmaceuticals, Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 13, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMpowder [CBSCHEM LIMITD]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 13, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

A Comparison of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli from Different Retail Meats in the United States: 2002-2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhao S, Blickenstaff K, Bodeis-Jones S, Gaines SA, Tong E, McDermott PF Abstract Escherichia coli were recovered from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System retail meat program and examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Retail meat samples (N= 11,921) from four U.S. states collected during 2002-2008 were analyzed, consisting of 2,988 chicken breast, 2,942 ground turkey, 2,991 ground beef and 3,000 pork chops. A total of 8,286 E. coli were recovered. Most chicken (83.5%) and turkey (82.0%) were contaminated with the organism, followed by beef (68.9%) and pork (44.0%). Resistance to tetracycline was most common (50.3%), followed by streptomycin (34.6%), sulfamethoxazole/sulfisoxazole (31.6%), ampicillin (22.5%), gentamicin (18.6%), kanamycin (8.4%), amox...

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Question 1 Do febrile convulsions cause CSF pleocytosis?

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Scenario You are asked to review a previously healthy 11-month-old boy who presented to the Accident and Emergency department following a generalised convulsion lasting 7 min. His parents tell you that he was started on oral amoxicillin by his general practitioner 2 days ago, the reason for which is unclear. Clinical examination reveals a drowsy child with a temperature of 38.8°C. In the absence of a clear focus of infection you decide to do a full septic screen, including a lumbar puncture (LP). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows a white blood cell count (WCC) of 17x106/l, a protein concentration within normal limits and no bacteria on a Gram stain. You wonder if the mild CSF pleocytosis indicates partially treated meningitis or can be attributed to the convulsion alone. Structu...

Children diagnosed with otitis media by an otoscopist benefited from antibiotics but suffered more side effects

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Study designDesign Randomised placebo-controlled trial. Allocation Allocation sequence computer-generated random number list. Blinding Physicians, parents/caregivers. Study questionSetting Southwest Finland, community based. Patients 319 children aged 6–35 months diagnosed with acute otitis media by a qualified otoscopist. Intervention 161 infants assigned to amoxicillin–clavulanate 40 mg/kg/dose (clavulanate 5.7 mg/kg) for 7 days. 158 assigned to placebo. Outcomes Primary outcome was treatment failure (no overall improvement, no improvement in otoscopic signs, perforation, severe infection requiring antibiotics, adverse reaction); secondary outcomes included time to initiation of open label antibiotics and the development of contralateral otitis media. Follow-up period Until ...

Susceptibility trends of Bacteroides fragilis group and characterisation of carbapenemase-producing strains by automated REP-PCR and MALDI TOF.

Anaerobe — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Treviño M, Areses P, Dolores Peñalver M, Cortizo S, Pardo F, Luisa Pérez Del Molino M, García-Riestra C, Hernández M, Llovo J, Regueiro BJ Abstract Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria is not considered, often, mandatory in routine clinical practice and the treatments are empirically established. Thus, periodic monitoring of the susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria is advisable. The aim of this study was to update on resistance of Bacteroides fragilis group in our Institution with special attention to carbapenems reporting metallo-beta-lactamase producing strains for the first time in Spain, and to compare fingerprinting analysis results obtained by using automated rep-PCR (DiversiLab System) and MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 830 non-d...

Lansoprazole‐based sequential and concomitant therapy for the first‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication

Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The first‐line lansoprazole‐based sequential therapy and concomitant therapy were well‐tolerated and comparable in terms of H. pylori eradication rate.© 2012 The Author. Journal of Digestive Diseases © 2012 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd. (Source: Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases)

A Comparison between Sequential Therapy and a Modified Bismuth‐based Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Iran: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Helicobacter — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 16:46:00 +0100

Conclusion: Because the two regimens showed acceptable and similar abilities in H. pylori eradication and because of much higher cost of clarithromycin in Iran, the furazolidone containing regimen seems to be superior. Further modifications of sequential therapies are needed to make them ideal regimens in developing countries. (Source: Helicobacter)

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Full-mouth disinfection and systemic antimicrobial therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Systemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin as an adjunct to OSFMD therapy significantly improved clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with G-AgP over a 6-month period. PMID: 22220822 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Clinical Periodontology)

Experience developing national evidence based clinical guidelines for childhood pneumonia in a low-income setting - making the GRADE?

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although this exercise may have fallen short of the rigorous requirements recommended by the developers of GRADE, it was arguably an improvement on previous attempts at guideline development in low-income countries and offers valuable lessons for future similar exercises where resources and locally-generated evidence are scarce. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

Antimicrobials for aggressive periodontitis

Dental Abstracts — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), there is severe destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth that can cause edentulism early in life. This is a relatively rare disorder and little studied. Treatment approaches begin with a cause-related treatment phase aimed at reducing and/or eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. Systemic antimicrobials may also prove beneficial. A 7-day adjunctive course of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin significantly improved the short-term clinical outcomes in patients with GAgP who underwent nonsurgical debridement. However, in clinical practice, antimicrobials are more likely to be used for retreatment than for initial therapy. An investigation was undertaken to determine whether retreatment with adjunctive antimicrobials achieves th...

Long-term trends in the epidemiology and resistance of childhood bacterial enteropathogens in Crete

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 06:51:16 +0100

In this study, we investigated the long-term trends in the epidemiology and susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens among children in a well-defined area of adequate health standards. The study included all children younger than 14 years of age treated for enteritis at Heraklion University General Hospital on the island of Crete during the 18-year period from January 1993 to December 2010. Stool specimens were tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Yersinia, and Aeromonas species. Of the 33,032 stool samples from patients of any age, 2,912 (8.82%) were positive for bacterial enteropathogens. The 1,597 isolates from children were identified as S. enterica (42.3%), Campylobacter spp. (33.6%), EPEC (17.4%), Y. enterocolitica (5.82%), ...

Moxifloxacin or Amoxicillin/clavulanate Effective for COPDMoxifloxacin or Amoxicillin/clavulanate Effective for COPD

Medscape Medical News Headlines — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 19:14:29 +0100

Moxifloxacin was as effective as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in outpatients in the MAESTRAL trial. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

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AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [H.J. Harkins Company, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 27, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Moxifloxacin or amoxicillin/clavulanate effective for COPD exacerbations

Modern Medicine — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Moxifloxacin was as effective as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in outpatients in the MAESTRAL trial. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group in Canada in 2010-2011: CANWARD Surveillance Study.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Karlowsky JA, Walkty AJ, Adam HJ, Baxter MR, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG Abstract Clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 387) were collected from patients attending nine Canadian hospitals in 2010-2011 and tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. B. fragilis (59.9%), Bacteroides ovatus (16.3%), and Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (12.7%) accounted for ∼90% of isolates collected. Overall rates of percent susceptibility were: 99.7%, metronidazole; 99.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam; 99.2% imipenem; 97.7%, ertapenem; 92.0%, doripenem; 87.3%, amoxicillin-clavulanate; 80.9%, tigecycline; 65.9%, cefoxitin; 55.6%, moxifloxacin; and 52.2%, clindamycin. Percent susceptibility to cef...

Increasing the duration of dual amoxicillin plus omeprazole Helicobacter pylori eradication to 6 weeks: A pilot study

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 09:16:04 +0100

Conclusion: Despite the theory and pre‐existing data from Japan, in the USA, prolonging the duration of dual amoxicillin‐PPI therapy did not improve treatment outcome in 90% or more of our patients. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Lake Erie Medical Surgical Supply DBA Quality Care Products LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 22, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMpowder, For Suspension [Aurobindo Pharma Limited]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 22, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Pharmacokinetic Effects of Bariatric Surgery (January).

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:Bariatric surgical procedures may result in altered pharmacokinetic parameters, but the literature is lacking in sufficient quantity and quality of studies to make solid conclusions and recommendations. Until more studies of sufficient power are completed, clinicians should closely monitor these patients in the immediate and distant postsurgical period for signs of both drug efficacy and toxicity and adjust their medications as required. PMID: 22190251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy)

Call to boost child penicillin doses

NHS News Feed — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 17:00:00 +0100

Conclusion This was a narrative review of an important area of medicine: the appropriate prescription of antibiotics for children. The authors’ call for an evidence-based update of prescribing guidelines appears to be well founded, particularly as dosing guidelines for adult penicillin and related antibiotics have been updated several times over the last 50 years. During this time, adult doses have increased substantially. The authors say it is time for the same type of review to be applied to children’s dosage guidelines, and this would be likely to support increasing the doses given to children. While this narrative review has highlighted the evidence behind the current guidelines for prescribing penicillins to children, and suggested ways these can be updated and improved, it is not...

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Strychnine in amoxicillin capsules: A means of homicide. - Kodikara S.

SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated) — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 00:35:12 +0100

Fatal strychnine poisoning is uncommon. It is no longer used as a therapeutic drug and its availability to the public is controlled by legislations in various jurisdictions, but it is still in use as a rodenticide and an adulterant in street drugs. Homicid... (Source: SafetyLit: All (Unduplicated))

Amoxicillin/antiepileptic drugs/sulfonamides: Stevens Johnson syndrome: 5 case reports

Reactions — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:55:18 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

BMJ feature: Time to abandon historical rule of thumb for dosing of oral penicillins in children?

NeLM - News — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: British Medical Journal (BMJ) Area: News In this BMJ feature, the 'Improving Children's Antibiotic Prescribing UK Research Network' suggests it's time to abandon the historical rule of thumb for dosing of oral penicillins in children. The authors note that despite their wide use over many decades, guidance on the correct dose of oral penicillins for children remains confusing: the SPC for Amoxil paediatric suspension in children weighing <40 kg is 40-90 mg/kg/day for all indications, whereas recommendations for amoxicillin, penicillin V, and flucloxacillin in the BNF-C are mostly based on age bands, although weight bands or weight based calculations (mg/kg) are given for some indications. The widely used doses of 62.5 mg or 125 mg are fractions of the adult dose rec...

Heavier children leads to call for drug dose update

Guardian Unlimited Science — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 00:05:00 +0100

Guidelines on prescribing antibiotics need to be updated, says group of doctors and scientistsMedicines experts are calling for a review of the 50-year-old guidelines on prescribing antibiotics to children, warning that the rise in overweight and obese youngsters may mean that some get a less than adequate dose.While they stress that there is no evidence that children are suffering as a result of under-treatment, they say there should be better guidance than the rule of thumb that has applied for half a century.Since the 1960s, doctors have worked on the principle that a big child is equal to half an adult, a small child is equal to half a big child and a baby is equal to half a small child, say a group of doctors and scientists in the British Medical Journal.The problem lies with the pres...

amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, Augmentin, Augmentin XR

MedicineNet Medications General — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Title: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, Augmentin, Augmentin XRCategory: MedicationsCreated: 12/31/1997Last Editorial Review: 12/15/2011 (Source: MedicineNet Medications General)

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Malaria therapy in HIV: drug interactions between nevirapine and quinine

International Journal of STD and AIDS — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report the case of an HIV-positive Nigerian man on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with an undetectable viral load who presented with rigors, fever and back pain after returning to the UK from a three-week trip to Nigeria. Infection with Plasmodium falciparum malaria was confirmed and treatment with quinine commenced together with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and clarithromycin for possible respiratory infection. At the time of admission the patient could not remember the names of his ART medications. After 24 hours his parasitaemia had increased from 1% to 2.5% and his clinical condition had deteriorated. At this point, his ART was identified as abacavir, lamivudine and nevirapine. The Liverpool HIV-drug interactions website was checked for drug interactions. It recommends caution in the c...

Comparison of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and CLSI screening parameters for the detection of extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase production in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions EUCAST non-susceptible breakpoints for ceftazidime and cefpodoxime detect more ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates compared with corresponding CLSI ESBL screening breakpoints. Implementation of the cefepime DAM can facilitate ESBL screening, especially in strains producing an AmpC β-lactamase since the test shows high sensitivity and specificity. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to six antibiotics currently used in Spain

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our study confirms an increasing rate of resistance to levofloxacin that equals that of clarithromycin in our healthcare area. This fact may reflect a wide and indiscriminate use of the former antibiotic and could account for a loss of clinical effectiveness of levofloxacin-containing regimens. Moreover, clarithromycin resistance rates remain stable, which could allow us to maintain its use in our area. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

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Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli recovered from pet dogs from volunteer households in Ontario (2005-06)

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Pet dogs are a potential household source of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp. and E. coli. However, extrapolating the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens, like Salmonella, from E. coli should be done with caution. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Effectiveness of three times daily lansoprazole/amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in Korea

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 06:49:14 +0100

CONCLUSIONSBecause dual therapy had fewer side effects than triple therapy and a similar eradication rate, dual therapy may provide an acceptable alternative first line therapy for H. pylori eradication in Korea. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Strychnine in amoxicillin capsules: A means of homicide

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 19:14:42 +0100

Abstract: Fatal strychnine poisoning is uncommon. It is no longer used as a therapeutic drug and its availability to the public is controlled by legislations in various jurisdictions, but it is still in use as a rodenticide and an adulterant in street drugs. Homicide by strychnine is extremely rare. As the autopsy findings are subtle, strychnine poisoning could easily be overlooked and a homicide may go undetected. This communication highlights an unusual case of homicide by strychnine. It is important that in deaths where there are no gross autopsy findings, sudden death in particular, that routine toxicology be performed, in which strychnine is likely to be detected. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)

[Chronic subdural hematoma infected by Campylobacter fetus: Case report.]

Neuro-Chirurgie — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report here a rare case of chronic subdural hematoma infected by Campylobacter fetus in a 86-year-old woman. She was admitted for confusion and disorientation in a context of high fever and diarrhoea. After two surgeries, the evolution was finally good with a combination of antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin). Chronic subdural hematoma is a potential site for bacterial infection. Our case suggests that C. fetus infection should be suspected in elderly patients presenting with fever and enteritis. The frequency of such cases may be underestimated, due to the difficult diagnosis of C. fetus. It is also suspected that C. fetus could play a role in the recurrence of hematoma, because of its vessel tropism. PMID: 22154423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neuro-Chirur...

[Stability and compatibility of acetaminophen, ketoprofen and amoxicillin in a fail-safe intravenous administration set.]

Annales Francaises d'Anesthesie et de Reanimation — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Despite the technical innovation of a fail-safe intravenous administration set, we have to stay aware of mixture consequences in intravenous infusion field. PMID: 22152998 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annales Francaises d'Anesthesie et de Reanimation)

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Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Brazil: clarithromycin is still a good option

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia — Sun, 04 Dec 2011 09:45:50 +0100

CONCLUSION: Due to the low amoxicillin and clarithromycin resistance observed in this study, therapies using these antimicrobials remain appropriated first-line H. pylori therapy.CONTEXTO: A susceptibilidade aos antibióticos é a pedra fundamental dos tratamentos de erradicação do Helicobacter pylori. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência da resistência primária do H. pylori aos antibióticos em uma população urbana do Brasil. MÉTODOS: As cepas do H. pylori foram obtidas de pacientes submetidos a endoscopia digestiva para avaliação de sintomas dispépticos. Biopsias do antro, corpo e fundo gástrico foram realizadas para determinar a susceptibilidade das cepas do H. pylori aos antibióticos. A concentração inibitória mínima da furazolidona e do bismuto foram determinadas rotineira...

Optimization Studies on Gastroretentive Floating System Using Response Surface Methodology.

AAPS PharmSciTech — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, it can be said that CCD is a valuable second-degree design to develop and optimize GFS of amoxicillin which in turn provides a basis to localize the drug release in the gastric region for effective treatment of H. pylori-mediated infection. PMID: 22135108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: AAPS PharmSciTech)

Late-onset neonatal infections: incidences and pathogens in the era of antenatal antibiotics

European Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 19:29:38 +0100

Conclusion Our findings confirm that despite the benefits of antenatal antibiotics, this treatment can increase the risk of antibiotic-resistant cases of LONI. National and international surveillance of LONI epidemiology is essential to assess benefits and potential negative consequences of perinatal antibiotic exposure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00431-011-1639-7Authors Capucine Didier, Service de Pédiatrie 2, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FranceMarie-Pierre Streicher, Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Haguenau, Haguenau, FranceDidier Chognot, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital le Parc, Centre Hospitalier de Colmar, Colmar, FranceRaphaèle Campagni, Service de Pédiatri...

Review article: rifabutin in the treatment of refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Rifabutin‐containing rescue therapy constitutes an encouraging strategy after multiple (usually three) previous eradication failures with key antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and levofloxacin. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Response of feline eosinophilic plaques and lip ulcers to amoxicillin trihydrate-clavulanate potassium therapy: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled prospective study.

Veterinary Dermatology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we evaluated the treatment of feline eosinophilic plaques and lip ulcers with amoxicillin trihydrate-potassium clavulanate (Clavamox(®) ; Pfizer Animal Health). Nineteen cats with clinical and cytological findings consistent with eosinophilic plaques and/or lip ulcers were enrolled. Lesions were photographed and their areas measured in square centimetres before and after 21 days of therapy with either flavoured amoxicillin-clavulanate suspension or flavoured placebo suspension. Sixteen cats completed the study, with nine plaque lesions (four treatment and five placebo) and eight lip ulcer lesions (four treatment and four placebo) included in the analysis. All lesions were shown to have infection, with bacterial phagocytosis present on cytological examination. Coagulase-po...

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Streptococcus agalactiae, an Emerging Pathogen for Cultured Ya‐Fish, Schizothorax prenanti, in China

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, four strains of a Gram‐positive, chain‐forming coccus were isolated from moribund cultured ya‐fish (S. prenanti). The coccoid microorganism was identified as S. agalactiae using a commercial streptococcal grouping kit and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Susceptibility of the isolates to 22 antibiotics was tested using the disc diffusion method. All isolates showed a similar antibiotic susceptibility, which were sensitive to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampin, vancomycin, azithromycin, florfenicol, cefalexin, cefradine and deoxycycline and resistant to gentamicin, sinomin (SMZ/TMP), penicillin, tenemycin, fradiomycin and streptomycin. Furthermore, the virulence tests were conducted by intraperitoneal injection of the isolated strain GY10...

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative organisms from intraabdominal infections and evolution of isolates with extended spectrum β-lactamases in the SMART study in Spain (2002-2010).

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Antimicrobial susceptibility data from the SMART-Spain study reinforce current therapeutic guidelines of intraabdominal infections that include ertapenem as the empirical choice for treatment. This is also supported by the high frequency of ESBL-producers in our geographic area. PMID: 22173194 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia)

[Antimicrobial sensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from patients with diarrhea].

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bascuñana P, Pena I, Picazo JJ, Velasco AC Abstract C. jejuni as well as some hippurate-negative Campylobacter species and related diarrheagenic organisms, are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in our environment all throughout the year. The aim of the present study was to determine thesensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from the stools of patients with diarrhea. We tested 39 Campylobacter coli, two C. lari and five Helicobacter pullorum strains identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erytrhomycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline and chloramphenicol was tested by E-test. Most hippurate-negative Campylobacter and H. pu...

Assessment of Helicobacter pylori eradication rate of triple combination therapy containing levofloxacin.

The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: It is observed that the efficacy of the triple therapy combination containing levofloxacin is not within acceptable limits for the first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication. PMID: 22287402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)

Educational case series: β‐lactam allergy and cross‐reactivity

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 23:41:34 +0100

To cite this article: Atanasković‐Marković M. Educational case series: β‐lactam allergy and cross‐reactivity. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 770–775.AbstractPenicillins and cephalosporins are the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of common infections, and they are the two main classes of β‐lactams. On the basis of the time of appearance of the reaction after drug intake and for diagnostic purposes, hypersensitivity reactions to β‐lactams have been classified as immediate or non‐immediate. The diagnostic evaluation of allergic reactions to β‐lactams has changed over the last decade, for several reasons. In many countries, major and minor determinants for skin testing are not available. In immediate allergic reactions, the sensitivity of skin testing is ...

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Effects of periodontal therapy on GCF cytokines in generalized aggressive periodontitis subjects.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal therapy improved GCF cytokine profiles by lowering IL-1β and increasing IL-10 levels. The reduction in GCF GM-CSF after therapy implicates this cytokine in the pathogenesis of GAgP. There was no difference between therapies in changes of GCF cytokines. PMID: 22126282 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Clinical Periodontology)

Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Functional Dyspepsia: HEROES Trial [Original Investigation]

Archives of Internal Medicine — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Helicobacter pylori eradication provided significant benefits to primary care patients with functional dyspepsia. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00404534 (Source: Archives of Internal Medicine)

Growth-inhibiting effects of Paeonia lactiflora root steam distillate constituents and structurally related compounds on human intestinal bacteria

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 17:57:22 +0100

Abstract The growth-inhibiting activities of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniaceae) root steam distillate constituents and structurally related compounds against nine harmful intestinal bacteria and eight lactic acid-producing bacteria were compared with those of two antibiotics, amoxicillin and tetracycline. Thymol, α-terpinolene, (−)-perilla alcohol and (1R)-(−)-myrtenol exhibited high to extremely high levels of growth inhibition of all the harmful bacteria, whereas thymol and α-terpinolene (except for Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393) inhibited the growth of all the beneficial bacteria (MIC, both 0.08–0.62 mg mL−1). Tetracycline and amoxicillin exhibited extremely high level of growth inhibition of all the test bacteria (MIC, <0.00002–0.001 mg mL�...

A Blast from the Past

The American Journal of Medicine — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 12:06:30 +0100

Common complaints tend to be explained by common conditions, but sometimes that assumption is wrong. A 56-year-old man presented with cough, skin lesions, and left knee pain. Five months earlier, he had developed a cough that occasionally produced blood-tinged sputum. A smoker, he was told he had bronchitis, for which he received courses of levofloxacin, inhaled bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids; this was followed by a course of amoxicillin. There was no noticeable improvement, and 5 weeks prior to presentation at The University of Illinois at Chicago, his left knee became painful and swollen. At the same time, he developed skin lesions that a dermatologist diagnosed as acne; he was treated with doxycycline for 3 weeks. When his skin worsened to the point that he thought it emba...

An audit of clinical outcome for patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated with combinations of benzylpenicillin, chloramphenicol and doxycycline: Category: Scientific free paper

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:46 +0100

An update to the British Thoracic Society (BTS) national guideline for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was published in 2009. The BTS guideline recommends preferred treatment with amoxicillin for low severity CAP, a beta-lactam (amoxicillin or benzylpenicillin) with clarithromycin for moderate severity CAP and co-amoxiclav with clarithromycin for severe CAP. The BTS made a standard data collection template available to UK hospitals to audit adherence to selected elements of the CAP guideline. First-line empirical antibiotic treatment recommendations for CAP in our 1,000-bed university hospital differ from those of the BTS guideline in an effort to mitigate the risk of Clostridium difficile superinfection. This non-randomised prospective observational study was carried ...

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A pain in the neck: Category: Clinical lesson

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:46 +0100

A severely immunocompromised Zimbabwean man with advanced HIV disease diagnosed 10 years previously presented with a three week history of sore throat, dysphagia, right ear discharge and fever. He was not on anti-retroviral treatment at the time, having been previously unable to comply with numerous Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) regimens, and had a CD4 count of 5 cells/ml and HIV viral load of 946,106 copies/ml. His other active HIV related problems included recurrent peri-anal herpes, HIV dermopathy and recurrent folliculitis, chronic suppurative otitis media, co-infection with Hepatitis B, renal dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy and impotence. His most recent travel had been to Zimbabwe five years earlier. On examination he had a temperature of 38oC, a tender, enlarged r...

Itching to know the diagnosis: Category: Lesson in Microbiology & Infection Control

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:45 +0100

A normally healthy 22 year old male presented to our hospital with a two day history of unbearably itchy hands and feet. Although this was his main complaint, he had also noticed the development of a widespread rash over the last 24 hours and had been feverish with rigors overnight. He additionally complained of a mild sore throat, and of a chronic "ingrown hair" at the natal cleft which had become more painful recently. On examination, he had a 3cm wide pilonidal abscess. A macular blanching rash was present on the patient's hands, feet, forearms, and abdomen. Despite complaining of a sore throat, his throat looked normal. Observations taken in A&E showed that he was pyrexial and tachycardic. At this point, his rash was thought to be viral in nature, but in view of his sepsis he was comme...

Mecillinam as a potential therapy for lower urinary tract infections caused by organisms resistant to first line antibiotics: Category: Scientific free paper

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:45 +0100

Background: Significant numbers of urinary pathogens are now resistant to first line antibiotics such as trimethoprim and amoxicillin. Many second line antibiotics either have a broad spectrum of activity, carrying the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), or are not available as oral formulations. Mecillinam is an orally administered beta-lactam antibiotic which has a low propensity for inducing CDI and, despite widespread use in Scandinavian countries for more than three decades, for which resistance has remained low. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivities of local urinary isolates to mecillinam, specifically those isolates resistant to first line antimicrobials. (Source: Journal of Infection)

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Lek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 23, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Allopurinol/amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with ciclosporin: 3 case reports

Reactions — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:51:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: Hepatotoxicity: case report

Reactions — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:51:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Role of gastritis pattern on Helicobacter pylori eradication

Internal and Emergency Medicine — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 18:10:17 +0100

This study aimed to evaluate the role of different gastritis patterns on the efficacy of the currently suggested 14-day triple therapy regimen. One-hundred and seventeen, consecutive, non-ulcer dyspeptic patients, with H. pylori infection diagnosed at endoscopy, were enrolled. All patients received a 14-day, triple therapy with lansoprazole 30 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg and amoxicillin 1 g, all given twice daily. Bacterial eradication was assessed with 13C-urea breath test 4–6 weeks after completion of therapy. H. pylori infection was cured in 70.1% at ITT analysis and 83.7% at PP analysis. The eradication rate tended to be lower in patients with corpus-predominant gastritis as compared to those with antral-predominant gastritis at both ITT (66.1 vs 74.5%) and PP (...

Lip Ulceration Associated with Intravenous Administration of Zoledronic Acid: Report of a Case

Head and Neck Pathology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 18:08:27 +0100

This report, for the first time, describes the mucosal ulceration related to intravenous use of zoledronic acid (ZA). A 52-year-old female patient presented with painful ulcers on both cutaneous/mucosal surfaces of the lower lip and a 2-month history of osteonecrosis of the mandible beside the right lower canine. Her medical record included intravenous administration of ZA for 10 months for primary breast cancer metastatic to bone. Examination of the peripheral blood showed severe anemia and a slightly increased white blood cell count, due to urinary tract infection by E. coli, but no evidence of a viral infection. The treatment of anemia and E. coli infection did not improve the labial ulcers. Biopsy from the mucosal lesion revealed a non-specific ulceration with moderate infla...

[Department of Error] Department of Error

LANCET — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Malfertheiner P, Bazzoli F, Delchier JC, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication with a capsule containing bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline given with omeprazole versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2011;377: 905–13—In this Article (March 12), the fourth sentence of the third paragraph in the Procedures section (p 906) should have read: “In the 7-day standard regimen, one capsule of omeprazole, two of amoxicillin, and one of clarithromycin were taken twice daily (before morning and evening meals). (Source: LANCET)

[Articles] Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2–59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: a cluster randomised trial

LANCET — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The objective in this study was to assess whether community case management by lady health workers (LHWs) with oral amoxicillin in children with severe pneumonia was equivalent to current standard of care.MethodsIn Haripur district, Pakistan, 28 clusters were randomly assigned with stratification in a 1:1 ratio to intervention and control clusters by use of a computer-generated randomisation sequence. (Source: LANCET)

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Clinical management of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: the insidious role of fluoroquinolones

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 06:55:57 +0100

Abstract During a review of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in our Hospital, a huge number of inadequate antimicrobial therapies emerged. The aim of this study is to assess the factors related to such inadequacy. This retrospective analysis was performed on isolates reported by the microbiology laboratory. Medical records were analyzed to assess adequate treatment; inadequacy was evaluated as overall therapy, antibiotic choice, dosage and length of treatment. Linear regression and multivariate analysis were performed to assess any association. One hundred and fifty isolates were analyzed. They were more commonly isolated from urinary samples and from patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Department; E. coli was the most commonly isola...

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 18, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Effect of Pretreatment with Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 on First‐line Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study confirmed that the major cause of treatment failure is resistance to clarithromycin. A 4‐week treatment with L. gasseri‐containing yogurt improves the efficacy of triple therapy in patients with H. pylori infection. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

[Urinary tract infections: antibiotic resistance and clinical follow up.]

Anales de Pediatria — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: de Lucas Collantes C, Cela Alvargonzalez J, Angulo Chacón AM, García Ascaso M, Piñeiro Pérez R, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Sánchez Romero I Abstract The initial treatment of the urinary tract infections (UTI) is empirical and it is a priority to determine the antibiotic resistance of most common germs in a population. Furthermore, due to the suspicion of acute pyelonephritis the presence of renal scarring should be ruled out as this may lead to further complications. A retrospective longitudinal study was performed on all children under 14 years diagnosed with UTI from January 1 2009 to December 31 2009. The in vitro susceptibility to the most important urinary pathogens was analysed, along with the presence of scars, and a subsequent follow-up. The most frequently isolate...

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMpowder, For Suspension [Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 17, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Amoxicillin: Cholestatic hepatitis: case report

Reactions — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 21:59:42 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Amoxicillin/ceftriaxone/lamotrigine: Drug hypersensitivity reactions in pediatric patients: 3 case reports

Reactions — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 21:59:42 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Chewable [Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 16, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMpowder, For Suspension [Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 16, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Presentation, antibiotic management and associated outcome in Polish adults presenting with acute cough/LRTI

Family Practice — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Antibiotics continue to be frequently prescribed for acute cough/LRTI in Poland, and the decision to prescribe was strongly associated with clinicians’ findings of abnormalities on auscultation and diagnosis of LRTI. Delayed prescribing was infrequent. Mucolytics were commonly prescribed despite evidence of no effect. (Source: Family Practice)

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Characterization of the inhibitor-resistant SHV β-lactamase (SHV-107) in a clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strain co-producing GES-7 enzyme.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Manageiro V, Ferreira E, Cougnoux A, Albuquerque L, Caniça M, Bonnet R Abstract The clinical K. pneumoniae INSRA6884 strain exhibited non-susceptibility to all penicillins tested (MICs of 64 to >2048 μg/ml). The MICs of penicillins were weakly reduced by clavulanate (from 2048 to 512 μg/ml), and tazobactam restored piperacillin susceptibility. Molecular characterization identified the genes bla(GES-7) and a new β-lactamase gene bla(SHV-107), which encoded an enzyme that differed from SHV-1 by the amino acid substitutions Leu35Gln and Thr235Ala. The SHV-107-producing E. coli strain exhibited only a β-lactam resistance phenotype with respect to amoxicillin, ticarcillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate combination. The kinetic parameters of the purified SHV-107 enzyme reve...

Management of Recurrent Cutaneous Abscesses During Therapy With Infliximab.

Clinical Therapeutics — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This case report describes a woman with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis who developed MSSA skin abscesses after each of the first 3 infliximab infusions, which did not recur for the next 6 infusions after amoxicillin + clavulanic acid was added to her regimen, pre- and 4 days postinfusion. Adequately designed, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials are needed to determine whether such prophylactic antibiotic treatment is well tolerated or effective for this common complication of therapy with anti-TNF-α agents, when withdrawal of the drug is not advisable, as in this case. PMID: 22088412 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

Isolation of Bisgaardia hudsonensis from a seal bite

Journal of Infection — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We read with interest the recent case report of Bisgaardia hudsonensis from a patient with an infected seal bite. We notice with some concern that there was no mention of whether testing for Mycoplasma was attempted as Mycoplasma phocicerebrale is the most commonly isolated organism from “seal finger” or “speck finger”, an infection that can occur from handling seals or from infected bite wounds. Studies by our group on UK common and grey seals recovered M. phocicerebrale from various sites, including the teeth. Furthermore our studies also found M. phocicerebrale to be the most common organism isolated from infected bite wounds following aggressive interactions between seals. The GP in this case selected to use amoxicillin/clavulanic acid treatment and not tetracycline, the treat...

Prevalence, patterns of use, and socio-demographic factors of self medication with antibiotics in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: cross sectional population based survey

BMC Research Notes — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the period prevalence, patterns of use, and socio-demographic factors associated with self medication with antibiotics in Yogyakarta City Indonesia. This cross-sectional population-based survey used a pre-tested questionnaire which was self-administered to randomly selected respondents (over 18 years old) in Yogyakarta City Indonesia in 2010 (N=625). Descriptive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression were applied.A total of 559 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate = 90%). The period prevalence of self medication with antibiotics during the month prior to the study was 7.3 %. Amoxicillin was the most popular (77%) antibiotic for self medication besides ampicillin, fradiomycin-gramicidin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin to treat the following symptoms: ...

Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: an Exploratory Study in Palestine.

Current Clinical Pharmacology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: E. coli was the most frequent bacterium in the studied sample and showed high resistance to first-line antibiotics. Our results highlight the need for developing local guidelines where elevated resistance to antibiotics should influence prescribing decisions. PMID: 22082328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology)

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Female Health Workers Treating Kids With Severe Pneumonia Minimizes Treatment Delays And Failures - Pakistan

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In time for World Pneumonia Day on November 12, a global study published Online First in The Lancet reveals that using Lady Health Workers (LHWs) in Pakistan's community in order to treat people with severe pneumonia with amoxicillin reduces delays in treatment and failures compared with standard care. The study was conducted in the Haripur district, northern Pakistan, by Dr Salim Sadruddin and his team in collaboration with Save the Children, USA, and worldwide... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Randomized Trial on 14 versus 7 days of Esomeprazole, Moxifloxacin, and Amoxicillin for Second‐line or Rescue Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 10:20:41 +0100

Conclusion: Second‐line/rescue H. pylori eradication therapy with esomeprazole, moxifloxacin, and amoxicillin is very effective and well tolerated. Fourteen days of treatment significantly increase the eradication rate but also the rate of adverse events. (Source: Helicobacter)

The importance of patch tests in the differential diagnosis of adverse drug reactions

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 07:13:02 +0100

We report the case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, who presented at the emergency clinic with exudative erythema multiforme which started 10 days after taking amoxicillin and clavulanic acid for tonsillitis together (almost simultaneously) with the pneumococcal vaccine. Rowell's syndrome was also considered to be a possibility. Skin patch tests were carried with the standard battery of patches (GPEDC) and the active ingredients of the suspected drugs (Chemotechnique ®), with readings at D2 and D3. The tests were positive for amoxicillin 10% pet (++), ampicillin 10% pet (+ +) and penicillin G potassium 10% pet (+). We accepted the diagnosis of erythema multiforme due to amoxicillin, confirmed by patch testing (Source: Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia)

Yersinia enterocolitica strains associated with human infections in Switzerland 2001–2010

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 06:46:17 +0100

Abstract Yersinia enterocolitica infections are common in humans. However, very scarce data are available on the different biotypes and virulence factors of human strains, which has proved to be problematic to assess the clinical significance of the isolated strains. In this study, the presence of the ail gene and distribution of different bio- and serotypes among human Y. enterocolitica strains and their possible relation to the genotype and antimicrobial resistance were studied. In total, 128 Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from human clinical samples in Switzerland during 2001–2010 were characterised. Most (75 out of 128) of the Y. enterocolitica strains belonged to biotypes 2, 3 or 4 and carried the ail gene. One of the 51 strains that belonged to biotype 1A was al...

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 10, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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A large-scale nationwide multicenter prospective observational study of triple therapy using rabeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Japan

Journal of Gastroenterology — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 06:48:06 +0100

Conclusion In a large-scale nationwide study of use in clinical practice, RAC therapy was confirmed to be effective and safe. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article—Alimentary TractPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00535-011-0487-6Authors Toshio Fujioka, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, JapanNobuo Aoyama, GI Endoscopy and IBD Center, Aoyama Clinic, Kobe, JapanKyoko Sakai, Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Nara City Hospital, Nara, JapanYoshiyuki Miwa, Miwa Clinic, Gifu, JapanMineo Kudo, Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, JapanJunichi Kawashima, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, ...

Randomised clinical trial: comparative study of 10‐day sequential therapy with 7‐day standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in naïve patients

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Ten‐day sequential therapy is more effective and equally tolerated for eradication of H. pylori infection compared with standard triple therapy. Sequential therapy may have a role as first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Influences of two antibiotic contaminants on the production, release and toxicity of microcystins.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liu Y, Gao B, Yue Q, Guan Y, Wang Y, Huang L Abstract The influences of spiramycin and amoxicillin on the algal growth, production and release of target microcystins (MCs), MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR, in Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated through the seven-day exposure test. Spiramycin were more toxic to M. aeruginosa than amoxicillin according to their 50 percent effective concentrations (EC(50)) in algal growth, which were 1.15 and 8.03μg/l, respectively. At environmentally relevant concentrations of 100ng/l-1μg/l, spiramycin reduced the total MC content per algal cell and inhibited the algal growth, while exposure to amoxicillin led to increases in the total MC content per algal cell and the percentage of extracellular MCs, without affecting the algal growth. Toxici...

Synergistic activity and mode of action of flavonoids isolated from smaller galangal and amoxicillin combinations against amoxicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These results indicated that these flavonoids have the potential to reverse bacterial resistance to amoxicillin in AREC and may operate via three mechanisms: inhibition of peptidoglycan and ribosome synthesis, alteration of outer membrane permeability and interaction with β‐lactamases.Significance and Impact of the Study: These findings offer the potential to develop a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals to treat AREC. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Empyema necessitatis due to Actinomyces israelii.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gupta A, Lodato RF Abstract A 20-year-old male presented with a one month history of a tender mass in the lower left chest wall. Chest computed tomography (Panel A) showed fluid collection in the left pleural space (black arrow) extending into the extra-thoracic tissue (solid white arrow), consistent with empyema necessitatis. Heterogeneous foci were seen in the spleen suggestive of splenic abscesses (broken white arrow). Empyema necessitatis is a pyothorax with the pus eroding through the chest wall; eventually it may drain spontaneously through the skin. Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) stain and cultures of the tissue revealed filamentous organisms (red arrow in Panel B) diagnostic of actinomycosis. The abscess was resected and the patient was treated successfully wit...

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Antibiotic resistant bacteria/genes dissemination in lacustrine sediments highly increased following cultural eutrophication of Lake Geneva (Switzerland).

Chemosphere — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study investigates faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), of sediment profiles from different parts of Lake Geneva (Switzerland) over the last decades. MARs consist to expose culturable Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus (ENT) to mixed five antibiotics including Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin. Culture-independent is performed to assess the distribution of ARGs responsible for, β-lactams (blaTEM; Amoxicillin/Ampicillin), Streptomycin/Spectinomycin (aadA), Tetracycline (tet) Chloramphenicol (cmlA) and Vancomycin (van). Bacterial cultures reveal that in the sediments deposited following eutrophication of Lake Geneva in the 1970s, the percentage of MARs to five antibiotics ...

Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis with Once-Daily Amoxicillin versus Intramuscular Benzathine Penicillin G in Low-Resource Settings: A Randomized Control Trial: Rimoin AW, Hoff NA, Fischer Walker CL, et al. Clin Pediatr 2011;50:535–42.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, when patients were compliant with either treatment eradication, success rates were equivalent. However, in Egypt, where compliance with the 10-day oral amoxicillin treatment was a major issue, the IM BPG treatment was superior in successful treatment of GAS pharyngitis. (Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine)

A Challenging Case: Symmetrical Drug Related Intertriginous and Flexural Exanthem, Fixed Drug Eruption, or Both?

Pediatric Dermatology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We herein report a 12‐year‐old boy with amoxicillin‐induced, recurrent, site‐specific, symmetrical, sharply demarcated reddish plaques on the buttocks and the major flexural and intertriginous areas. The lesions resolved with topical corticosteroids, leaving hyperpigmentation. Histopathology showed nonspecific features of inflammation and dermal melanophages. Amoxicillin was the probable inducer based on oral provocation test with Amoksina® tablet, however patch testing with amoxicillin on previously affected and unaffected skin remained negative. The diagnosis was challenging because of the overlapping features of symmetrical drug‐related intertriginous and flexural exanthema and fixed drug eruption. This one represents a unique and challenging one with overlapping...

Update on acute otitis media in children younger than 2 years of age.

Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: McWilliams CJ, Goldman RD Abstract Question As concern about antimicrobial resistance grows, I am aware of the need to reduce unnecessary antibiotic treatment; however, in my practice I see many children with acute otitis media (AOM) and this is the most common reason I prescribe antibiotics. Most of these children are young and otherwise healthy, and I am uncertain about when to prescribe antibiotics and when to endorse "watchful waiting." Which children will benefit from antibiotic treatment? Answer Current Canadian guidelines recommend all children younger than 2 years of age with otalgia due to AOM and fever greater than 39°C be considered for treatment with amoxicillin. Watchful waiting is indicated only for children older than 6 months with mild-to-moderate AOM. Rec...

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Barraud O, Badell E, Denis F, Guiso N, Ploy MC Abstract To the Editor: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the agent of pharyngeal and cutaneous diphtheria. We did a retrospective analysis of the antimicrobial drug susceptibilities of 46 C. diphtheriae isolates sent during 1993 through 2010 to the French National Reference Centre of Toxigenic Corynebacteria. The isolates came from metropolitan France and French overseas departments and territories. Only 1 isolate, C. diphtheriae biovar mitis, FRC24, expressed the following antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile: susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, kanamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and vancomycin and resistant at an uncommonly high level to trimethoprim, sul...

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Differences in Evolution of Children With Non-severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection With and Without Radiographically Diagnosed Pneumonia.

Indian Pediatrics — Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Persistence of fever or tachypnea up to the second day of amoxicillin treatment is predictive of radiographically diagnosed pneumonia among children with non-severe lower respiratory tract diseases. PMID: 22080618 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Indian Pediatrics)

Increased urinary calcium excretion caused by ceftriaxone: possible association with urolithiasis

Pediatric Nephrology — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 17:14:11 +0100

Abstract The administration of ceftriaxone is known to be associated with biliary pseudolithiasis, although the development of urolithiasis has only rarely been reported. We treated a young male with bacterial meningitis complicated by urinary precipitates composed of ceftriaxone–calcium salt, which prompted us to study whether ceftriaxone administration predisposes children to the formation of urinary precipitates. The case–control study reported here included 83 children with bacterial pneumonia aged from 3 months to 8.9 years. The children were divided into one group of 43 children who received ceftriaxone (group A) and a second group of 40 children who received amoxicillin (group B). Paired samples of serum and urine before and after treatment were obtaine...

Genotyping of Haemophilus influenzae type b in pre-vaccination era

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 17:11:16 +0100

This study was conducted between January 2008 and August 2011 as part of a birth cohort study in Sado Island, Japan, to elucidate the prevalence of Hib and its clones in a specific region. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 349 subjects at 4-, 7-, 10-, 18-, and 36-month health checkups and analyzed for H. influenzae. The Hib and nontypeable H. influenzae detection rates ranged from 0 to 1.5% (12 isolates) and from 7.9 to 32.9%, respectively. Twelve pediatric patients diagnosed with invasive or non-invasive Hib infections during the study period were also enrolled. The Hib isolates were analyzed for carriage of the beta-lactamase gene and ftsI mutations, and multilocus sequence type (MLST, ST type). Of the 24 Hib isolates, 18 (75%) were ST54, 5 (21%) were ST190, and 1 isolate ...

Attenuated total reflectance with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) and different PLS Algorithms for simultaneous determination of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin in powder pharmaceutical formulation

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society — Thu, 27 Oct 2011 23:00:39 +0100

A method for simultaneous determination of clavulanic acid (CA) and amoxicillin (AMO) was developed using Fourier transform mid infrared technique coupled with attenuated total reflectance (ATR/FTIR) accessory. 27 samples were used as calibration set and 8 samples were used for prediction set. Calibration models were developed using partial least squares (PLS), interval PLS (iPLS), synergy PLS (siPLS) and backward PLS (biPLS). Multiplicative scatter correction and the mean centering were used and produced the best models. Relative standard error of prediction (RSEP) of 3.8% for CA and 5.1% for AMO were obtained using biPLS algorithm for ATR/FTIR data. Results obtained by the proposed methodology were compared with those using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and no significant...

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis: case report

Reactions — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 13:05:17 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Pharmacodynamic evaluation of commonly prescribed oral antibiotics against respiratory bacterial pathogens

BMC Infectious Diseases — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The only regimens to achieve high CFR against all three pathogen populations in both scenarios were gatifloxacin 400mg QD, moxifloxacin 400mg QD, and amoxicillin-clavulanate 500mg TID. These data suggest the need for reconsideration of empiric antibiotic regimen selection among adult patients with RTIs in the Sao Paulo area. Additionally, this type of study could be used to optimize prescribing patterns in specific regions in light of emerging resistance. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMpowder, For Suspension AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Chewable [Sandoz Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 24, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Review article: the effectiveness of standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori has not changed over the last decade, but it is not good enough

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 05:34:27 +0100

Conclusion Although a decrease in the H. pylori eradication rate after triple therapy has been suggested in recent years, cure rates with this regimen did not change in Spain between 1997 and 2008. However, this by no means indicates that the efficacy of standard triple therapy in Spain is acceptable, as it has been calculated to be around only 80%. Therefore, it is evident that new strategies to improve first‐line treatment are urgently needed. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Retrospective case series analysis of penicillin allergy testing in a UK specialist regional allergy clinic

Journal of Clinical Pathology — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The new PPL and MDM determinants offer enhanced sensitivity when evaluating β-lactam hypersensitivity; however, there are limitations to the current testing regimens. The UK would benefit from local guidelines, which incorporate the new reagents and acknowledge the high amoxicillin prescription rate and the relatively lower specialist-to-patient ratio in this country. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology)

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMpowder, For Suspension [Dr Reddys Laboratories Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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AUGMENTIN (Amoxicillin And Clavulanate Potassium) Tablet, Film Coated AUGMENTIN (Amoxicillin And Clavulanate Potassium) Tablet [Dr Reddys Laboratories Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

AUGMENTIN (Amoxicillin And Clavulanate Potassium) Powder, For Suspension [Dr Reddys Laboratories Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

AMOXICILLIN AND CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMtablet, Film Coated [Dr Reddys Laboratories Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Degradation of amoxicillin in aqueous solution using sulphate radicals under ultrasound irradiation.

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Su S, Guo W, Yi C, Leng Y, Ma Z Abstract Degradation of the antibiotics amoxicillin in aqueous solution using sulphate radicals under ultrasound irradiation was investigated. The preliminary studies of optimal degradation methodology were conducted with only oxone (2KHSO(5)·KHSO(4)·K(2)SO(4)), cobalt activated oxone (oxone/Co(2+)), oxone+ultrasonication (oxone/US) and cobalt activated oxone+ultrasonication (oxone/Co(2+)/US). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency were in the order of oxone<oxone/Co(2+)<oxone/US<oxone/Co(2+)/US for the amoxicillin solution. The variables considered for the effect of degradation were the temperature, the power of ultrasound, the concentration of oxone, as well as catalyst and the initial amoxicillin concentration. Mor...

Survey of anaemia and Helicobacter pylori infection in adolescent girls in Suihua, China and enhancement of iron intervention effects by H. pylori eradication.

The British Journal of Nutrition — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Xia W, Zhang X, Wang J, Sun C, Wu L Abstract In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of anaemia and Fe deficiency anaemia (IDA) and explored the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and IDA in adolescent girls. A total of 1037 adolescent girls from Suihua, China were enrolled. Hb, serum ferritin (SF), serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori were measured. Participants with IDA and co-existing H. pylori infection (n 80) who had an intake of >25 mg/d of Fe were assigned randomly to the intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group were administered a 12-week course of oral EDTA-Na-Fe (60 mg Fe/dose, three times a week) and a 2-week course of colloidal bismuth subcitrate, amoxicillin and met...

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A prospective clinical trial for assessing the efficacy of a minimally invasive protocol in patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This conservative protocol seems to provide successful treatment in the vast majority of patients. (Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics)

Impact of implementing French antibiotic guidelines for acute respiratory-tract infections in a paediatric emergency department, 2005–2009

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Sat, 15 Oct 2011 15:45:01 +0100

Abstract Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are the main reason for antibiotic prescription in children. In 2005, the French Drug Agency published guidelines to minimise inappropriate use of antibiotics for ARTI. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of implementing these guidelines in a paediatric emergency department. We retrospectively analysed data collected prospectively in a French paediatric emergency department from November 2005 (date of guideline implementation) to October 2009. For each child diagnosed with ARTI, we collected age, diagnosis, and prescribed antibiotics. We computed antibiotic prescription rates in the study population. During the study period, 53,055 children were diagnosed with ARTI and 59% of the 22,198 antibiotic prescript...

Does the Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics Decrease Implant Failure?

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 07:56:23 +0100

The use of prophylactic antibiotics in implant dentistry is controversial. Given the known risks of antibiotic treatment and lack of consensus on using antibiotics at the time of implant insertion, the purpose of this article was to review available studies on use of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics at the time of implant placement and to provide evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic use. The reviewed studies suggest that a single preoperative dose of 2 g amoxicillin 1 hour before implant placement or 1 g amoxicillin 1 hour preoperatively and 500 mg 4 times daily 2 days postoperatively can reduce the rate of implant failure. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics)

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid/ceftriaxone: Kounis syndrome: 2 case reports

Reactions — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 06:03:59 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

A randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of sequential intravenous/oral moxifloxacin monotherapy versus intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanate for complicated skin and skin structure infections

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Once-daily iv/oral moxifloxacin monotherapy was clinically and bacteriologically non-inferior to iv TZP thrice daily followed by oral AMC twice daily in patients with cSSSIs. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

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Fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 01:20:04 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Generally, fluoroquinolones performed well in treating typhoid, and maybe superior to alternatives in some settings. However, we were unable to draw firm general conclusions on comparative contemporary effectiveness given that resistance changes over time, and many studies were small. Policy makers and clinicians need to consider local resistance patterns in choosing a fluoroquinolone or alternative.There is some evidence that the newest fluoroquinolone, gatifloxacin, remains effective in some regions where resistance to older fluoroquinolones has developed. However, the different fluoroquinolones have not been compared directly in trials in these settings. PMID: 21975746 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Resistance gene transfer during treatments of experimental avian colibacillosis.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, this study clearly illustrates how, in E. coli, "old" antimicrobials may co-select antimicrobial resistance to recent and critical molecules. PMID: 21986830 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Application of a bacteriophage lysin to disrupt biofilms formed by the animal pathogen, Streptococcus suis.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Meng X, Shi Y, Ji W, Meng X, Zhang J, Wang H, Lu C, Sun J, Yan Y Abstract Bacterial biofilms are crucial to the pathogenesis of many important infections and are difficult to eradicate. Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and here the biofilm forming ability of 32 strains of this species was determined. Significant biofilms were completely formed by 10 of the strains after 60 hours incubation, with exopolysaccharide production in the biofilm significantly higher than that in the corresponding planktonic cultures. Streptococcus suis strain SS2-4 formed a dense biofilm as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and in this state exhibited increased resistance to a number of antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin and rifampicin) compar...

Facile one-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their sensing protocol

RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:44:37 +0100

Chem. Commun., 2011, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1CC15154A, CommunicationAbdul Hameed, Nazar Ul Islam, Muhammad Raza Shah, Shamsa KanwalBiologically active semi-synthetic drug i.e. amoxicillin has been introduced for the first time for rapid synthesis of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Fluorescence quenching of Au-NPs enables Cu2+ sensing at nano scale levels.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles)

[Study of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its antibiotics resistance in healthy children aged less than 2years in the Marrakech region (Morocco).]

Archives de Pediatrie — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These data show the frequency and the risk factors on nasopharyngeal carriage, and report the status of penicillin resistance of strains carrying children less than 2years of age in the Marrakech region. The fluctuation of circulating serotypes at the national level underscores the importance of epidemiological surveillance carried out before the introduction of the heptavalent vaccine in Morocco. PMID: 21978670 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

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Design evaluation and optimisation in crossover pharmacokinetic studies analysed by nonlinear mixed effects models

Statistics in Medicine — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Bioequivalence or interaction trials are commonly studied in crossover design and can be analysed by nonlinear mixed effects models as an alternative to noncompartmental approach. We propose an extension of the population Fisher information matrix in nonlinear mixed effects models to design crossover pharmacokinetic trials, using a linearisation of the model around the random effect expectation, including within‐subject variability and discrete covariates fixed or changing between periods. We use the expected standard errors of treatment effect to compute the power for the Wald test of comparison or equivalence and the number of subjects needed for a given power. We perform various simulations mimicking crossover two‐period trials to show the relevance of these developments. We then ap...

Is amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid non-inferior to appendicectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis?

Internal and Emergency Medicine — Sun, 02 Oct 2011 05:46:42 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CE - THE CUTTING EDGE: RESEARCH UPDATEPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11739-011-0694-4Authors Francesco Casella, Medicina Interna III, Dipartimento di Medicina, Ospedale “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyGiovanni Casazza, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi, 74, 20157 Milan, ItalyGruppo di Autoformazione Metodologica (GrAM) Journal Internal and Emergency MedicineOnline ISSN 1970-9366Print ISSN 1828-0447 (Source: Internal and Emergency Medicine)

[Pyelonephritis table during the pregnancy: Think of the listeriosis].

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report a case of atypical listeriosis simulating pyelonephritis, in a pregnant woman who presented at 25 weeks gestation a left renal colic, operating in a febrile context; it was treated as urinary tract infection with gentamicin and ceftriaxon. The evolution was marked by the exacerbation of symptoms followed by in utero foetal death. Blood culture was performed in post abortion; the diagnosis was retained after bacteriological examination of the placenta. This observation suggested evoking listeriosis in any case of unexplained fever during pregnancy, even with clinical signs suggestive of pyelonephritis, and not delay making blood cultures and prescribing antibiotics in general an amoxicillin. PMID: 21396789 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et B...

Effectiveness of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis with amoxicillin in preventing postoperative infectious complications after impacted third molar surgery: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Purpose: The removal of third molars is one of the most common procedures in oral surgery and inflammatory and infectious complications have been vastly documented in the literature. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

Efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 2000/125mg in preventing infection after extraction of impacted mandibular third molar totally covered by bone: preliminary results

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis 2g amoxicillin/125 clavulanic acid in preventing infection after extracting inferior third molars totally covered by bone in healthy adults. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

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Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis.

American Family Physician — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Colgan R, Williams M Abstract Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in women. Most urinary tract infections are acute uncomplicated cystitis. Identifiers of acute uncomplicated cystitis are frequency and dysuria in an immunocompetent woman of childbearing age who has no comorbidities or urologic abnormalities. Physical examination is typically normal or positive for suprapubic tenderness. A urinalysis, but not urine culture, is recommended in making the diagnosis. Guidelines recommend three options for first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis: fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (in regions where the prevalence of Escherichia coli resistance does not exceed 20 percent). Beta-lactam antibiotics, amoxicillin/c...

Listeria peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: two cases and a review of the literature.

The Netherlands Journal of Medicine — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bierhoff M, Krutwagen E, van Bommel EF, Verburgh CA Abstract Two cases are reported of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who presented with peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes. They were successfully treated with intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of amoxicillin. In patients on peritoneal dialysis, Listeria monocytogenes is a very rare cause of peritonitis, with only 11 cases reported to date, and mainly occurring in immunocompromised patients. In contrast to the majority of the reported cases, neither of our patients had received immunosuppressive drugs. To our knowledge, these are the first two cases of Listeria peritonitis reported in the Netherlands. PMID: 22058269 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Netherlands Journal of Me...

Inhibitory and bactericidal potential of crude acetone extracts of Combretum molle (Combretaceae) on drug-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori.

Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Njume C, Afolayan AJ, Samie A, Ndip RN Abstract Infection with Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with a number of gastroduodenal pathologies. Antimicrobial resistance to commonly-used drugs has generated a considerable interest in the search for novel therapeutic compounds from medicinal plants. As an ongoing effort of this search, the susceptibility of 32 clinical strains of H. pylori and a reference strain-NCTC 11,638-was evaluated against five solvent extracts of Combretum molle, a plant widely used for the treatment of gastric ulcers and other stomach-related morbidities in South Africa. The extracts were screened for activity by the agar-well diffusion method, and the most active one of them was tested against the same strains by micro-broth dilution and time...

The Authors' reply

Gut — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We thank Drs Molina-Infante and Gisbert1 for their letter and for their appreciation of our study.2 We completely agree that the discrepancy between their study and our study as to the efficacy of levofloxacin-containing sequential treatment in Helicobacter pylori eradication might be at least in part due to the very low (ie, 3%) prevalence of H pylori strains resistant to this antimicrobial in our region compared with their geographical area. We also agree that clarithromycin-containing sequential treatment is achieving disappointing results in areas with a high prevalence of clarithromycin and/or dual (ie, metronidazole + clarithromycin) resistance and that, therefore, its role in this setting should be critically reconsidered. Recently, a study by Hsu et al has demonstrated high efficac...