MedWorm: Avelox

Safety of Prophylactic Intracameral Moxifloxacin Use in Cataract Surgery

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Fri, 03 Feb 2012 14:48:49 +0100

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

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Multidrug-Resistant, NAP2 Clostridium difficile was the Predominant Toxigenic, Hospital-Acquired Strain in the Province of Manitoba, Canada in 2006-2007.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of the current study was to determine if the antimicrobial susceptibility profile or genotype of hospital-acquired isolates of Clostridium difficile differed from isolates causing community-acquired disease. Five hundred diarrheal stool samples (>2 ml, one sample per patient) from patients across Manitoba, Canada in 2006-2007 that were reported as C. difficile toxin-positive were cultured and resulted in 432 isolates of toxin-positive C. difficile for analysis. Of the 432 isolates, acquisition status could be determined for 235 (54.4%) isolates; 182 (77.4%) were hospital-acquired and 53 (22.6%) were community-acquired. North American Pulsotype (NAP) designations based on SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis could be defined for 52% of the 432 isolates with NAP2 (n = 122) ...

MOXEZA (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Solution [Alcon Laboratories, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 1, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Midostaurin does not prolong cardiac repolarization defined in a thorough electrocardiogram trial in healthy volunteers

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:48:29 +0100

Conclusion Midostaurin demonstrated a good safety profile in healthy volunteers, with no prolonged cardiac repolarization or other changes on the electrocardiogram. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00280-012-1825-yAuthors Adam del Corral, Novartis Oncology, East Hanover, NJ, USACatherine Dutreix, Novartis Oncology, Basel, SwitzerlandAlice Huntsman-Labed, Novartis Oncology, Basel, SwitzerlandSebastien Lorenzo, Novartis Oncology, Basel, SwitzerlandJoel Morganroth, ERT, East Bridgewater, NJ, USARobert Harrell, Osborne Research Center, LLC, Little Rock, AR, USAYanfeng Wang, Novartis Oncology, East Hanover, NJ, USA Journal Cancer Chemotherapy and PharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-0843Print ISSN 0344-5704 (Source: Cancer Chemothe...

Role of Mixed Ion Channel Effects in the Cardiovascular Safety Assessment of the Novel Anti‐MRSA Fluoroquinolone JNJ‐Q2

British Journal of Pharmacology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Implications: Based on the nonclinical and clinical cardiovascular safety assessment, JNJ‐Q2 has a safe cardiovascular profile for administration in humans with comparable or reduced potential to prolong the QT interval compared to moxifloxacin. The results demonstrate the importance of compensatory sodium and calcium channel activity in offsetting potassium channel activity for compounds with a fluoroquinolone core. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

Repeated supratherapeutic dosing of strontium ranelate 4g/d over 15 days does not prolong QTc interval in healthy volunteers

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that the administration of supratherapeutic repeated oral doses of strontium ranelate (4g/day for 15 days) does not lead to a prolongation of the QT/QTc interval above the threshold of regulatory concern.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

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Comparison of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in an epithelial disorder model using cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cell sheets

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 16:45:31 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest that neither MLFX nor LVFX suppresses repair of corneal epithelial damage. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorneaPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00417-011-1916-1Authors Taku Miyake, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, MD, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 JapanNorihiko Ito, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, MD, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 JapanKazuki Tajima, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, MD, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 JapanHiroshi Goto, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, MD, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023 JapanToshinori Furukawa, Department of Comparative Animal Science, ...

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone associated with moxifloxacin.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 14:49:21 +0100

Conclusion A 66-year-old woman developed severe hyponatremia after receiving moxifloxacin for five days for treatment of COPD exacerbation. PMID: 22261943 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis: Outcomes and Response to Corticosteroid Treatment [Clinical Trials]

Investigative Ophthalmology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Although P. aeruginosa corneal ulcers have a more severe presentation, they appear to respond better to treatment than other bacterial ulcers. The authors did not find a significant benefit with corticosteroid treatment, but they also did not find any increase in adverse events. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00324168.) (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, in human plasma and urine and its application to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Biomedical Chromatography : BMC — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guo B, Zhang J, Yu J, Wu X, Shi Y, Tsai CY Abstract Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) is a novel C-8-methoxy nonfluorinated quinolone with higher activity than ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae with various resistant phenotypes. A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the concentration of nemonoxacin in human plasma and urine. Protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction were employed for plasma and urine sample preparations, respectively, and extract was then injected into the system. Separation was performed on a C(18) reverse...

Moxifloxacin monotherapy for treatment of complicated intra‐abdominal infections: a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials

International Journal of Clinical Practice — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 13:59:56 +0100

SummaryTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin monotherapy for treatment of complicated intra‐abdominal infections. PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to retrieve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) compared moxifloxacin monotherapy with other antibiotics in the treatment of complicated intra‐abdominal infections from January 1999 to July 2011. A meta‐analysis of all included randomised controlled trials was performed. Four randomised controlled trials including a total of 2444 patients with complicated intra‐abdominal infections were included for meta‐analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis indicated that the moxifloxacin was associated with similar clinical cure rate (four RCTs, 19...

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Moxifloxacin: Anaphylaxis in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 19:08:18 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 12, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Role of moxifloxacin for the treatment of commmunity-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infections in Taiwan.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lau YJ, Chen YH, Huang CT, Lee WS, Liu CY, Liu JW, Liu HD, Lee YJ, Chen CW, Ko WC, Hsueh PR Abstract Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are common yet serious infections that can potentially lead to substantial morbidity and morbidity. As an essential adjunct to source control, the goals of antimicrobial therapy are to promote patient recovery, reduce recurrence risk, and prevent antimicrobial resistance. The current international guidelines on the empirical treatment of community-acquired complicated IAIs were published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Surgical Infections Society (SIS) in 2010. These guidelines all recommend the use of a fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) plus metronidazole for mild-to-moderate- and high-se...

Successful alternative treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Argentina with a combination of linezolid, moxifloxacin and thioridazine

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The combination of linezolid, moxifloxacin and thioridazine is recommended for compassionate use in specialized centres with expertise in the management of XDR-TB. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

First National Survey of Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis Group: Emerging Resistance to Carbapenems in Argentina.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fernández-Canigia L, Litterio M, Legaria MC, Castello L, Predari SC, Di Martino A, Rossetti A, Rollet R, Carloni G, Bianchini H, Cejas D, Radice M, Gutkind G, Abstract The susceptibility rates of 363 clinical Bacteroides fragilis group isolates collected from 17 centers in Argentina during the period 2006-2009 were as follows: piperacillin-tazobactam 99 %, ampicillin-sulbactam 92 %, cefoxitin 72 %, tigecycline 100 %, moxifloxacin 91 %, clindamycin 52 %, and no metronidazole resistance was detected. Resistance to imipenem, doripenem and ertapenem was observed in 1.1 %, 1.6 % and 2.3 % of B. fragilis group strains, respectively. B. fragilis species showed a resistance profile of 1.5 % to imipenem, 1.9 % to doripenem and 2.4 % to ertapenem, being the first report of carbape...

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Assessment of the cardiac safety of prucalopride in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled thorough QT study

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Sun, 08 Jan 2012 18:02:27 +0100

CONCLUSION Prucalopride at both therapeutic and supra therapeutic doses has no clinically significant effects on cardiac repolarisation in healthy volunteers. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

VIGAMOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Solution [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 3, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Moxifloxacin or Amoxicillin/clavulanate Effective for COPDMoxifloxacin or Amoxicillin/clavulanate Effective for COPD

Medscape Medical News Headlines — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 19:14:29 +0100

Moxifloxacin was as effective as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in outpatients in the MAESTRAL trial. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

Moxifloxacin or amoxicillin/clavulanate effective for COPD exacerbations

Modern Medicine — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Moxifloxacin was as effective as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in outpatients in the MAESTRAL trial. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group in Canada in 2010-2011: CANWARD Surveillance Study.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Karlowsky JA, Walkty AJ, Adam HJ, Baxter MR, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG Abstract Clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 387) were collected from patients attending nine Canadian hospitals in 2010-2011 and tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. B. fragilis (59.9%), Bacteroides ovatus (16.3%), and Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (12.7%) accounted for ∼90% of isolates collected. Overall rates of percent susceptibility were: 99.7%, metronidazole; 99.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam; 99.2% imipenem; 97.7%, ertapenem; 92.0%, doripenem; 87.3%, amoxicillin-clavulanate; 80.9%, tigecycline; 65.9%, cefoxitin; 55.6%, moxifloxacin; and 52.2%, clindamycin. Percent susceptibility to cef...

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Determination of photostability and photodegradation products of moxifloxacin in the presence of metal ions in solutions and solid phase. Kinetics and identification of photoproducts

RSC - Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. latest articles — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 06:51:18 +0100

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2012, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1PP05259D, PaperUrszula Hubicka, Jan Krzek, Barbara Zuromska, Maria Walczak, Marek Zylewski, Daniel PawlowskiMoxifloxacin photodegradation process in solutions and solid phase, with and without metal ions, and identification of degradation products by using LC-MS/MS and 1H NMR techniques are described in this work.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. latest articles)

Moxifloxacin Punctum Plug for Sustained Drug Delivery

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 20:25:00 +0100

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Computerized Extraction of Electrocardiograms From Continuous 12-Lead Holter Recordings Reduces Measurement Variability in a Thorough QT Study.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: George S, Rodriguez I, Ipe D, Sager PT, Gussak I, Vajdic B Abstract Continuous Holter recordings are often used in thorough QT studies (TQTS), with multiple 10-second electrocardiograms (ECGs) visually selected around predesignated time points. The authors hypothesized that computer-automated ECG selection would reduce within-subject variability, improve study data precision, and increase study power. Using the moxifloxacin and placebo arms of a Holter-based crossover TQTS, the authors compared interval duration measurements (IDMs) from manually selected to computer-selected ECGs. All IDMs were made with a fully automated computer algorithm. Moxifloxacin-induced changes in baseline- and placebo-subtracted QT intervals were similar for manual and computer ECG selection. Mea...

Comparison of the IKr blockers moxifloxacin, dofetilide and E‐4031 in five screening models of pro‐arrhythmia reveals lack of specificity of isolated cardiomyocytes

British Journal of Pharmacology — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 06:39:10 +0100

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSIsolated cardiomyocytes lack specificity to discriminate between TdP liability of the IKr blocking drugs moxifloxacin and dofetilide or E4031. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 15, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Impact of sub-inhibitory antibiotics on fibronectin-mediated host cell adhesion and invasion by Staphylococcus aureus

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that several antibiotics at sub-MICs modulate fibronectin binding in S. aureus in a drug-specific fashion. However, hyper- and hypo- adhesive phenotypes observed in controlled in vitro conditions were not fully confirmed in whole cell infection assays. The relevance of adhesion modulation during in vivo infections is thus still uncertain and requires further investigations. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

Efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin as antibacterial prophylaxis for patients receiving autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomised trial

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) are at high risk of infections, especially bacteraemia. A prospective, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, single-centre, pilot study was performed on oral moxifloxacin 400mg versus placebo for preventing bacteraemia in PBSCT recipients. Patients received moxifloxacin or placebo for the duration of neutropenia or until emergence of fever or other infections necessitating intravenous antibiotic treatment. Of 68 patients included in the trial, 2 were excluded from the trial before taking their first dose. The remaining 66 patients were eligible for evaluation in the intention-to-treat analysis set. Neutropenia with an absolute neutrophil count of (Source: Internati...

Treatment of Experimental Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis Using Intravitreal Moxifloxacin With or Without Dexamethasone

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 21:18:08 +0100

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Dec 2011, Vol. 27, No. 6: 593-598. (Source: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

Docking studies on Novel Analogues of 8 Methoxy Fluoroquinolones against GyrA Mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

BMC Structural Biology - Latest articles — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The docking results showed that the addition of the cholesteryl and guanosine esters to the 'DNA gyrase binding' region of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin enhanced the binding affinity of these parent molecules with the mutant DNA gyrase receptors. Viewing the positive correlation for the docking and in vitro results with the parent compounds, these lead structures could be further evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo activity against MDR-TB. (Source: BMC Structural Biology - Latest articles)

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Oral bioavailability of moxifloxacin after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions This study confirms that exposure to moxifloxacin is equivalent for oral and intravenous administration of 400 mg dosages in healthy volunteers who underwent gastric bypass surgery. But these exposures were more than 50% higher than those described for subjects without gastric bypass. This may suggest a higher enterohepatic recirculation of moxifloxacin after gastric bypass. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Neither moxifloxacin nor cefuroxime produces significant attenuation of inflammatory mediator release in patients exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Neither moxifloxacin nor cefuroxime produced significant attenuation of the inflammatory cytokine response to CPB. The reasons why moxifloxacin did not have significant anti-inflammatory effects in this unique clinical situation may be: (i) the inflammatory response to CPB may be different from that of infectious disease states that were used to establish the immunomodulatory effects of moxifloxacin; and (ii) a single intravenous dose, which was used in this investigation, may not lead to high enough plasma and intracellular concentrations. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Impact of Spores on the Comparative Efficacies of Five Antibiotics For the Treatment of Bacillus anthracis in an In Vitro Hollow Fiber Pharmacodynamic Model.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Spores have a profound impact on the rate and extent of kill of BA. Against spore-forming BA, the five antibiotics killed the total (spore and vegetative) bacterial population at similar rates (within 1 log(10)CFU/mL of each other). However, bactericidal antibiotics killed vegetative BA faster than bacteriostatic drugs. Since only vegetative-phase BA produce the toxins that may kill the infected host, the rate and mechanism of kill of an antibiotic may determine its overall in vivo efficacy. Further studies are needed to examine this important observation. PMID: 22155821 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Coated [Lake Erie Medical Surgical Supply DBA Quality Care Products LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 8, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Antimicrobial resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates in Taiwan.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The rates of resistance to cefaclor, cefuroxime, tetracycline and SXT are now increasing in Taiwan. Molecular typing showed that at least two closely related BRO-1 clones are circulating. Although amoxicillin + clavulanate remains the antimicrobial therapy of choice for M. catarrhalis infections, continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility and application of control measures against further transmission are required to inhibit the emergence of the resistant strains. PMID: 22154675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

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Amino acid substitutions of quinolone resistance determining regions in GyrA and ParC associated with quinolone resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: A baumannii and AGS 13TU possessed similar quinolone resistance associated with amino acid substitutions in GyrA and ParC. Further study with more strains is needed to determine whether a single Ser83Leu substitution in GyrA was associated with a high level of quinolone MIC only in A baumannii, but not in AGS 13TU. PMID: 22153765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

Moxifloxacin relieves the persistent symptoms of lower urinary tract after cessation of ketamine abuse.

Hong Kong Med J — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wei YB, Yang JR PMID: 22147328 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Hong Kong Med J)

Isolation and Characterization of small qnrS1‐carrying plasmids from imported seafood isolates of Salmonella enterica that are highly similar to plasmids of clinical isolates

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractDissemination of plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance among pathogenic bacteria is a concern for public health due to decreased sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and increased potentials to develop high fluoroquinolone resistance. Two qnrS1‐positive isolates of Salmonella enterica, Corvallis (468) and Typhimurium (484) from imported seafood (Thailand and Vietnam) were tested for quinolone sensitivity using disk agar diffusion and the Sensititre® system. The presence of qnr genes, qnr‐carrying plasmids, and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) were also determined. MICs of nalidixic acid for isolates 468 and 484 were 8 and 16 μg/ml, respectively, and those of ciprofloxacin were 1 and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Disk agar diffusion indicated that isola...

Otomastoiditis with acute left facial nerve paralysis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae.

Ear, Nose and Throat Journal — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We describe a case of left-sided otomastoiditis with acute facial nerve paralysis caused by this organism in a previously well middle-aged woman. Her facial palsy totally resolved after tympanomastoidectomy plus a 7-week regimen of clarithromycin and moxifloxacin. To our knowledge, a case of otomastoiditis with acute facial nerve paralysis caused by M chelonae has not been reported previously. PMID: 22180118 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ear, Nose and Throat Journal)

The electro‐mechanical window in anaesthetized guinea‐pigs: a new marker for Torsade de Pointes risk screening

British Journal of Pharmacology — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and implications: A decreased E‐M window was consistently observed with drugs documented to have high TdP risk, but not with drugs with low or no TdP risk. These results suggest the E‐M window in anaesthetized guinea‐pigs is a risk marker for TdP in man. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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In vitro antichlamydial activity of garenoxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 06:50:27 +0100

In conclusion, garenoxacin is expected to be a useful quinolone in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by C. trachomatis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0345-8Authors Naoko Futakuchi, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 JapanMasatoshi Nakatani, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 JapanMasahiro Takahata, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 JapanJunichi Mitsuyama, Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, 2-4-1 Shimookui, Toyama, 930-8508 Japan Journal Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyOnline ISSN 1437-7780Print ISSN 1341-321X (Source: Journal of Infection and Chemoth...

Wild-type MIC distribution and epidemiological cut-off values in clinical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: All isolates were inhibited by low concentrations of the fluoroquinolones and macrolides tested, with somewhat higher MICs for the fluoroquinolones. Rifampicin was found to be the most active against L. pneumophila isolates in vitro. These data can be used as a reference for the detection of resistance in clinical L. pneumophila isolates and as a setting of clinical breakpoints. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

Drug susceptibility testing and pharmacokinetics question current treatment regimens in Mycobacterium simiae complex disease

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The Mycobacterium simiae complex bacteria can cause opportunistic infections in humans. In the case of definite disease, there are no evidence-based treatment regimens and outcomes are very disappointing. To increase the evidence base underpinning treatment regimens for M. simiae complex disease, drug susceptibility patterns and rifampicin/ethambutol synergy were assessed retrospectively in 69 clinical M. simiae complex isolates from 60 patients (22 patients with M. simiae, 24 with Mycobacterium lentiflavum, 8 with Mycobacterium triplex, 5 with Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum and 1 with Mycobacterium stomatepiae) submitted to the mycobacteriology laboratory at National Jewish Health (Denver, CO). Quantitative drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed using the radiometric Ba...

In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, garenoxacin corresponding to an oral dose of 400mg showed excellent bactericidal activity against S. pneumoniae, including QRSP, without the emergence of resistant mutants. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Injection, Solution AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [Schering Plough Corporation]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Comparative in vitro activity of finafloxacin against staphylococci displaying normal and small colony variant phenotypes

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Particularly in acidic body compartments, finafloxacin appears to be a promising new antibiotic for the treatment of persistent staphylococcal infections, including those caused by SCVs. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Randomized Trial on 14 versus 7 days of Esomeprazole, Moxifloxacin, and Amoxicillin for Second‐line or Rescue Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 10:20:41 +0100

Conclusion: Second‐line/rescue H. pylori eradication therapy with esomeprazole, moxifloxacin, and amoxicillin is very effective and well tolerated. Fourteen days of treatment significantly increase the eradication rate but also the rate of adverse events. (Source: Helicobacter)

A randomized, crossover, placebo‐ and moxifloxacin‐controlled study to evaluate the effects of bosutinib (SKI‐606), a dual src/abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on cardiac repolarization in healthy adult subjects

International Journal of Cancer — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 01:27:13 +0100

AbstractEffects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations of bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the corrected QT interval (QTc) in 60 healthy adults were assessed, according to ICH‐E14 guidelines, in this 2‐part, randomized, single‐dose, double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐ and open‐label moxifloxacin‐controlled study. Subjects received placebo, moxifloxacin, and bosutinib 500 mg with food (therapeutic) in part 1. In part 2, subjects received placebo and bosutinib 500 mg plus ketoconazole (supratherapeutic). ANOVA compared baseline‐adjusted QTc for: bosutinib with placebo; and bosutinib plus ketoconazole with placebo plus ketoconazole. Primary endpoint was QTcN. Secondary endpoints were QTcB, QTcF, and QTcI. Upper bounds for 90% confidence interva...

Shortening of the QT Interval After Food Can Be Used to Demonstrate Assay Sensitivity in Thorough QT Studies.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Taubel J, Wong AH, Naseem A, Ferber G, Camm AJ Abstract The effect of food was investigated under conditions of a thorough QT (TQT) study and with confirmation of assay sensitivity by the use of a positive control (400 mg of moxifloxacin). Fifty-five healthy subjects were randomized to treatment and a sequence of fasted and fed baseline electrocardiography days. Subjects received standard breakfast 30 to 10 minutes prior to dosing. Measurement of QT interval was performed automatically with subsequent manual onscreen overreading using electronic calipers. A profound increase in heart rate of 9.4 bpm was observed in the fed condition compared with the fasted condition at 1.5 hours after dose with a corresponding shortening of QT (27 milliseconds); (baseline data). When corr...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the respiratory tract of medical intensive care unit patients

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Sun, 06 Nov 2011 05:33:20 +0100

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of critically ill patients with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) isolated from the respiratory tract, to identify risk factors for S. maltophilia-pneumonia and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and to analyze antibiotic susceptibility of S. maltophilia. This was a retrospective analysis of 64 medical ICU patients with S. maltophilia in the respiratory tract. Thirty-six patients fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of pneumonia. A significantly higher lung injury score (LIS) was observed in patients with pneumonia compared to patients with colonization (p = 0.010). Independent risk factors for S. maltophilia-pneumonia were higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (p = 0.00...

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: emerging resistance to TMP-SMX in Brazilian isolates. a reality?

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 02:45:57 +0100

CONCLUSION: Although TMP-SMX is the standard treatment for S. maltophilia infections, there may be resistance to this antibiotic, which hinders the therapeutic approach, hence the significance of susceptibility tests. The disk diffusion technique showed a good correlation with microdilution. Among the new therapeutic options, both tigecycline and moxifloxacin presented significant activity in vitro (Source: Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial)

Moxifloxacin: Torsade de pointes: case report

Reactions — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 13:05:18 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Pharmacodynamic evaluation of commonly prescribed oral antibiotics against respiratory bacterial pathogens

BMC Infectious Diseases — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The only regimens to achieve high CFR against all three pathogen populations in both scenarios were gatifloxacin 400mg QD, moxifloxacin 400mg QD, and amoxicillin-clavulanate 500mg TID. These data suggest the need for reconsideration of empiric antibiotic regimen selection among adult patients with RTIs in the Sao Paulo area. Additionally, this type of study could be used to optimize prescribing patterns in specific regions in light of emerging resistance. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Antimicrobial efficacies of several antibiotics against uterine cervicitis caused by Mycoplasma genitalium

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 16:01:27 +0100

In conclusion, AZM-SR 2 g single dose, MFLX 400 mg/day for 14 days, and STFX 200 mg/day for 14 days would each be an effective treatment for M. genitalium infection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10156-011-0329-8Authors Michinori Terada, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi, 480-1195 JapanKoji Izumi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Izumi Ladies Clinic, Gifu, JapanEmiko Ohki, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi, 480-1195 JapanYuka Yamagishi, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University, 21 Karimata, Ya...

Moxifloxacin improves outcomes in hospitalized pneumonia patients

Modern Medicine — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - When patients are hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin has a lower failure rate than beta-lactam monotherapy, and it costs less, too. (Source: Modern Medicine)

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VIGAMOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Solution [Alcon Laboratories, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

A randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of sequential intravenous/oral moxifloxacin monotherapy versus intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanate for complicated skin and skin structure infections

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Once-daily iv/oral moxifloxacin monotherapy was clinically and bacteriologically non-inferior to iv TZP thrice daily followed by oral AMC twice daily in patients with cSSSIs. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Synthesis and In‐Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity of Fluoroquinolone Derivatives Containing a Coumarin Moiety

Archiv der Pharmazie — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractA series of gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and 8‐OCH3 ciprofloxacin coumarin derivatives with remarkable improvement in lipophilicity as compared to the parent fluoroquinolones was designed, synthesized, and characterized by 1H‐NMR, MS, and HRMS. These derivatives were evaluated for their in‐vitro activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis CMCC 93202 and MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294. All of the synthesized compounds were less active than the parent compounds against M. smegmatis CMCC 93202, but the activity of compound 6 was found to be 2–8‐fold more potent than ciprofloxacin, 8‐OCH3 ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and rifampin, and comparable to gatifloxacin against MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294. These results indicated that the lipophilicity of the tested compounds is not the sole parameter ...

Moxifloxacin as an Alternative or Additive Therapy for Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (November).

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:Although it cannot be stated definitively, available evidence suggests that moxifloxacin appears to be as effective as ethambutol and is possibly as effective as isoniazid in the treatment of pulmonary TB. Given the generally poor second-line options for the treatment of TB, moxifloxacin is an attractive option as an alternative drug in TB treatment. PMID: 21990937 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy)

Corticosteroids for Bacterial Keratitis: The Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) [Clinical Trial]

Archives of Opthalmology — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions We found no overall difference in 3-month BSCVA and no safety concerns with adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for bacterial corneal ulcers. Application to Clinical Practice Adjunctive topical corticosteroid use does not improve 3-month vision in patients with bacterial corneal ulcers. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00324168 (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

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The Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial: Study Design and Baseline Characteristics [Clinical Sciences]

Archives of Opthalmology — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial will compare the use of a topical corticosteroid with placebo as adjunctive therapy for bacterial corneal ulcers. Patients enrolled in this trial had diverse ulcer severity and on average significantly reduced visual acuity at presentation. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00324168 (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination [Clinical Sciences]

Archives of Opthalmology — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Bilateral acute iris transillumination with pigment dispersion and persistent mydriasis is a new clinical entity that is not an ocular adverse effect of oral moxifloxacin treatment, as previously suggested. The etiopathogenesis of this entity remains to be elucidated. (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

Penetration of anti-tuberculosis agents in rabbit pulmonary lesions: a pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kjellsson MC, Via LE, Goh A, Weiner D, Low KM, Kern S, Pillai G, Barry CE, Dartois V Abstract Standard anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy requires the use of multiple drugs for a minimum of six months, with variable outcomes that are influenced by a number of microbiological, pathological and clinical factors. This is despite the availability of antibiotics that have good activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in plasma. However, little is known about the distribution of widely used anti-tuberculous agents in the pulmonary lesions where the pathogen resides. The rabbit model of TB infection was used to explore the hypothesis that standard drugs have varying abilities to penetrate lung tissue and lesions, and that adequate d...

Effect of Nalmefene 20 and 80mg on the Corrected QT Interval and T-Wave Morphology: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo- and Moxifloxacin-Controlled, Single-Centre Study

Clinical Drug Investigation — Sun, 09 Oct 2011 06:22:41 +0100

(Source: Clinical Drug Investigation)

Surveillance of JNJ-Q2 activity tested against Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci as a component of the 2010 sentry antimicrobial surveillance program

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: JNJ-Q2 is a novel broad-spectrum bactericidal fluorinated 4-quinolone with potent activity against Gram-positive and -negative pathogens with a balanced potency against both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV targets. JNJ-Q2 is in clinical development for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSIs) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. With the use of reference broth microdilution methods in a central reference laboratory design, MIC values were obtained for 3650 pathogens (44.4% were from patients diagnosed with ABSSSI) obtained during the 2010 SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Isolates were collected from patients in 96 medical centers in 26 countries in North America, Europe, Latin America, and Asia Pacific. JNJ-Q2 demonstrated goo...

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Rhodococcus equi infection after reduction mammaplasty in an immunocompetent patient.

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We describe a 31 year-old woman without medical problems who presented nine weeks after breast reduction with right breast cellulitis and purulent drainage from the surgical wound. She underwent incision and drainage, and cultures of the wound yielded Rhodococcus equi. The patient completed six weeks of antimicrobial therapy with moxifloxacin and rifampin with complete resolution. PMID: 22012456 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo)

Prevalence of Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance and Its Association with Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC Beta-lactamase in Enterobacteriaceae.

The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The qnr genes were highly prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae, primarily the qnrB subtypes. They were closely associated with EBSL and AmpC beta-lactamase. PMID: 22016679 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine)

Moxifloxacin-gelrite In Situ ophthalmic gelling system against photodynamic therapy for treatment of bacterial corneal inflammation.

Archives of Pharmacal Research — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, six in situ gelling formulations based on Gelrite were prepared and evaluated for the retained ophthalmic delivery of Moxifloxacin (Mox). The effectiveness of the best developed formula G5 was compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT), the recent expanding approach for the treatment of ophthalmologic disorders after the assessment of optimum photodynamic inactivation parameters that permit efficient pathogens eradication. It was found that, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (Gram-positive) was more susceptible to effective lethal photosensitization that reaches 93.5% reduction in viable count than Escherichia coli (E. coli) (Gramnegative) of 76.1% using 3 mg/mL Hematoporphyrin (HP), illuminated by 630 nm Light Emitting Diode (LED) at 9 J/cm(2) and incubated for 15 min. Follow...

Erratum: Corrigendum: Comparison of antifungal efficacies of moxifloxacin, liposomal amphotericin B, and combination treatment in experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits

Canadian Journal of Microbiology — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 21:33:10 +0100

Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Volume 57, Issue 10, Page 866, October 2011. (Source: Canadian Journal of Microbiology)

ERS: Moxifloxacin 'demostrates non-inferiority for COPD'

Pharmacy Europe — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 12:08:00 +0100

Drug associated with significantly lower failure rates than gold-standard, congress told (Source: Pharmacy Europe)

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Primary Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Beijing Children

Helicobacter — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 10:04:26 +0100

Conclusion: The high prevalence of primary antibiotic resistance was out of expectation in H. pylori strains isolated from the children in Beijing. Antibiotic susceptibility should be made clear before the antibiotic was used in the anti‐H. pylori therapy in this population. The A2143G was the most populated mutation in macrolide‐resistant strains, and Asn87 and Asp91 of GyrA were the most common mutation points in quinolone resistance strains. (Source: Helicobacter)

Modulation of the expression of ABC transporters in murine (J774) macrophages exposed to large concentrations of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic moxifloxacin.

Toxicology — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vallet CM, Marquez B, Nhiri N, Anantharajah A, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM, Lallemand JY, Jacquet E, Van Bambeke F Abstract Long-term exposure to pharmacological agents can select for cells that overexpress efflux transporters. We previously showed that mouse J774 macrophages cultivated for a prolonged period of time with toxic concentrations of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin overexpress the efflux transporter Mrp4 and display a reduced accumulation of this antibiotic, but no change in the accumulation of moxifloxacin, a closely related molecule (Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. [2006] 50, 1689-1695 and [2009], 2410-2416). Because of this striking difference between the two fluoroquinolones, we have now examined the modifications in the expression of ABC efflux transpo...

VIGAMOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Solution [Rebel Distributors Corp]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Multidrug resistance in European Clostridium difficile clinical isolates

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Characterization of multidrug-resistant C. difficile clinical isolates shows that antibiotic resistance is changing, involving new determinants and mechanisms and providing this pathogen with potential advantages over the co-resident gut flora. The present paper provides, for the first time, a comprehensive picture of the different characteristics of multidrug-resistant C. difficile strains in Europe in 2005 and represents an important source of data for future comparative European studies. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Comparison of the bactericidal activity of various fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an in vitro experimental model

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our data confirm the usefulness of moxifloxacin in the treatment of tuberculosis and suggest that levofloxacin may be used as an alternative drug in the treatment of latent tuberculosis when it is not possible to use isoniazid. Based on the results presented, ciprofloxacin appears to be a poor choice. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

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Pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in plasma and tissue of morbidly obese patients

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin is not significantly affected by morbid obesity. No dose adjustment seems to be necessary in this particular population. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Antimicrobial Resistance and Ophthalmic Antibiotics: 1-Year Results of a Longitudinal Controlled Study of Patients Undergoing Intravitreal Injections [Clinical Sciences]

Archives of Opthalmology — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Repeated exposure of conjunctival flora to ophthalmic antibiotics selects for resistant strains. Application to Clinical Practice Repeated use of ophthalmic antibiotics after intraocular injection promotes the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00831961 (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

Studies of the Efficacy of a New Fluoroquinolone, JNJ-Q2, in Skin, Respiratory, and Systemic Murine Models of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fernandez J, Hilliard JJ, Morrow BJ, Melton JL, Flamm RK, Barron AM, Lynch AS Abstract The in vivo efficacy of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone (FQ), was evaluated in a murine septicemia model with methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus, and in a S. pneumoniae lower respiratory tract infection model. JNJ-Q2 and comparators were also evaluated in an acute murine skin infection model against a community-acquired MRSA strain, and in an established skin infection (ESI) model against a hospital-acquired strain, for which the selection of resistant mutants was also determined. JNJ-Q2 demonstrated activity in the MSSA septicemia model that was comparable to moxifloxacin (JNJ-Q2 ED(50) = 0.2 mg/kg, SC; 2 mg/kg, PO) and activity in the...

Antistaphylococcal Activities of the New Fluoroquinolone JNJ-Q2.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Morrow BJ, Abbanat D, Baum EZ, Crespo-Carbone SM, Davies TA, He W, Shang W, Queenan AM, Lynch AS Abstract The new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone JNJ-Q2 displays in vitro activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, including MRSA and ciprofloxacin-resistant MRSA isolates. Against isogenic MSSA and MRSA strains bearing quinolone-resistant target mutations, JNJ-Q2 displayed MICs ≤0.12μg/mL, values 16- to 32-fold lower than for moxifloxacin. Overexpression of the NorA efflux pump did not impact JNJ-Q2 MICs. Inhibition of S. aureus DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV enzymes demonstrated that JNJ-Q2 was more potent than comparators against wild-type enzymes and enzymes carrying quinolone-resistant amino acid substitutions, and JNJ-Q2 displayed equipotent acti...

Ocular infections caused by non‐tuberculous mycobacteria: update on epidemiology and management

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The incidence of ocular infections caused by non‐tuberculous mycobacteria has increased within the last 8 years, with a high number of biomaterial associated infections among this group. Clinical diagnosis and microbiological confirmation of non‐tuberculous mycobacteria infections remains challenging. Patient outcomes may be improved by early diagnosis, appropriate therapy and removal of biomaterials. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology)

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[Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy in Korea].

Korean J Gastroenter... — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 01:25:34 +0100

Authors: Kim SY, Jung SW Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to be associated with many gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcer. In Korea, eradication of H. pylori is recommended for peptic ulcer disease, low grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and early gastric cancer. Standard triple therapy using proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy have been the main first-line and second-line therapy for H. pylori in Korea. Although eradication rate of second-line quadruple therapy remains similar to that of the past, the success rate of eradication with triple therapy has decreased with increasing antimicrobial resistance to H. pylori. There is no standard third-line therapy, and some regim...

[Primary Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Strains and Eradication Rate according to Gastroduodenal Disease in Korea].

Korean J Gastroenter... — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 01:25:29 +0100

Conclusions: Primary antibiotic resistance and H. pylori eradication rate were not different between cancer and non-cancer patients. PMID: 21873821 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Korean J Gastroenter...)

Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Asia: report from the Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infection Pathogen Surveillance (CARTIPS) study, 2009–2010

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: A multicentre resistance surveillance study [Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infection Pathogen Surveillance (CARTIPS)] investigating the susceptibilities of 2963 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Streptococcus spp. from Asia against 12 antimicrobial agents was undertaken from 2009 to 2010. Based on the breakpoints for oral penicillin V recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, the prevalence of penicillin-non-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSSP) ranged from 46% to 100%. Azithromycin and clarithromycin exhibited variable resistance rates of 0–88% against S. pneumoniae, 0–57% against MSSA and 0–76.5% against Strept...

Single-Agent, Broad-Spectrum Fluoroquinolones for the Outpatient Treatment of Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia (September).

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Use of oral, single-agent, broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones for outpatient treatment of FN in low-risk patients has shown promising results. At this time, this type of therapy should be limited to low-risk patients. Future clinical trials should include larger sample sizes and a comparison with existing first-line oral therapy-oral ciprofloxacin plus amoxicillin/clavulanate. PMID: 21862714 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy)

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis: Improved detection by the use of selective agar and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: SMA is a promising medium allowing improved isolation of S. maltophilia from sputum samples from CF patients. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and tigecycline demonstrated excellent inhibitory effects against S. maltophilia, which may suggest a potential clinical effect. (Source: Journal of Cystic Fibrosis)

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Ocular and Nasal Flora in Patients Undergoing Intravitreal Injections

American Journal of Ophthalmology — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In this small study, there was no correlation between the number of exposures to topical fluoroquinolones and resistance to fluoroquinolones in nasal and conjunctival flora, but there was a high prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among all patient groups. (Source: American Journal of Ophthalmology)

Moxifloxacin-dependent Torsades de Pointes.

Anadolu Kardiyol Der... — Sat, 20 Aug 2011 07:56:03 +0100

Authors: Kenar Tiryakioğlu S, Tiryakioğlu O, Aktürk F, Mehmetoğlu E, Kumbay E PMID: 21827995 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anadolu Kardiyol Der...)

Highlights from this issue

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Continuing medical education for BJO readers The BJO has joined forces with the Cleveland Clinic to offer certified continuing medical education (CME) credits. Readers will be able to claim credit towards the American Medical Association Physician's Recognition Award (AMA PRA category 1 credit) for each module they pass. We hope you will try this new approach to online continuing medical education and that you will give us your feedback, so that we too can continue to improve on what we provide (http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c2410.full?sid=5324587b-af67-4e6c-928b-5e292ad8710c). (See page 1299) Aqueous humour penetration of moxifloxocin and gatifloxacin eye drops Güngnör et al compared the aqueous humour penetration of moxifloxacin 0.5% and gatifloxacin 0.3% eye drops. Ninety...

Aqueous humour penetration of moxifloxocin and gatifloxacin eye drops in different dosing regimens before phacoemulsification surgery

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Moxifloxacin, given in the same dosage, penetrated the aqueous humour better then gatifloxacin during cataract surgery. The penetration of both antibiotics increased significantly when the dosage of the agent was doubled. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)

Ophthalmic Antibiotic Use and Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Controlled, Longitudinal Study

Ophthalmology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Purpose: To analyze the emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis after repeated conjunctival exposure to topical macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics.Design: Prospective, controlled, longitudinal study with 1-year follow-up.Participants: Forty-eight eyes of 24 patients undergoing serial unilateral intravitreal (IVT) injections for choroidal neovascularization.Methods: Subjects received 4 consecutive monthly unilateral IVT injections and then were treated as needed. Each subject was assigned randomly to 1 of 4 antibiotics (azithromycin 1%, gatifloxacin 0.3%, moxifloxacin 0.5%, ofloxacin 0.3%) and used only their assigned antibiotic after each injection. Conjunctival culture specimens of the treated and untreated fellow eye (control) were obtained at baseline and after...

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Assessment of the cardiac safety of prucalopride in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled thorough QT study

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Prucalopride at both therapeutic and supra‐therapeutic doses has no clinically significant effects on cardiac repolarisation in healthy volunteers. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia based on pharmacokinetic analysis

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 05:54:00 +0100

Abstract Moxifloxacin is a respiratory quinolone that is expected to be useful for treating community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, but few clinical studies and not a detailed evaluation of its pharmacokinetics have been conducted in Japan in patients with pneumonia. We assessed the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in 18 patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis. There was significant improvement in body temperature, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and chest X-ray score on day 3 of moxifloxacin treatment, which persisted until the completion of treatment (all p < 0.05). Nine strains, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Enterobacter cloac...

AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Injection, Solution AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [Schering Plough Corporation]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 15, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [RedPharm Drug Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 15, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

In Vitro and In Vivo Modeling of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs and its Impact on Optimization of Doses and Regimens.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Srivastava S, Gumbo T Abstract It has become increasingly clear that anti-tuberculosis regimens need optimization. Information gained using pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) methods in hollow fiber and animal model studies, in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations, can be used to achieve this goal. PK/PD models of anti-tuberculosis drugs in hollow fibers, mice and guinea pigs have been remarkably concordant. Using exposures derived in these models it has been shown that the standard doses of pyrazinamide, rifampin, and ethambutol should be increased for a better efficacy, while doses of isoniazid need to be individualized. In addition, PK/PD driven doses have been proposed for new anti-tuberculosis agents such as moxifloxacin and PA-824. PMID: 21834761 [PubM...

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Fluoroquinolones, the Cornerstone of Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Approach.

Current Pharmaceutical Design — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pranger AD, Alffenaar JW, Aarnoutse RE Abstract Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are important drugs to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis. In this review we integrated pharmacokinetic properties (PK) and microbiological susceptibility against M. tuberculosis and eventually evaluated the pharmcodynamic (PD) properties, as well as the influence of co-administered agents on these characteristics, for the currently used FQs (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin) in TB treatment. Future FQs that are being developed may overcome the problems with FQs that are used in daily practice. Therefore PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of novel FQs (clinafloxacin, garenoxacin, lomefloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin ...

Treatment of Experimental Bacillus cereus Endophthalmitis Using Intravitreal Moxifloxacin with or Without Dexamethasone

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 16:21:36 +0100

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

PCR ribotype prevalence and molecular basis of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) and fluoroquinolone resistance in Irish clinical Clostridium difficile isolates

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Resistance to MLSB and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial compounds is common among prevalent ribotypes of C. difficile. The genetic basis for antimicrobial resistance appears to be ribotype specific and conserved in the absence of recent antimicrobial selection pressure. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Microbiology at first visit of moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infection with antimicrobial activity and a survey of quinolone monotherapy

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Samples from 1295 patients with diabetic foot infection were evaluated; 4332 samples were collected with an average of 3.3 samples per patient. Fifty-seven percent of patients had a 2B ulcer and 23% had a 3B ulcer according to Texas University Classification. In 64.2% of samples collected at first visit an etiologic agent was identified. About 40% of the positive samples were polymicrobial. Gram positive bacteria were more frequently isolated (52.6%), Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated single agent (29.9%) and MRSA was 22% of S. aureus. Enterococcus spp., mainly Enterococcus faecalis, were 9.9%, all vancomycin susceptible except 2 isolates. Streptococci were 4.6%, more than 60% Streptococcus agalactiae. Gram negative rods were 40.6%, with enterobacteria 23.5% ...

Pre-clinical studies of a new quinolone (UB-8902) against Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to ciprofloxacin

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, UB-8902 presents bactericidal activity against A. baumannii strains resistant to CIP. Moreover, it is effective at reducing mortality in a model of peritoneal sepsis with a dose lower than the toxic one, and it is efficacious in a murine pneumonia model. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

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PK/PD indices of antibiotics predicted by a semi-mechanistic PKPD model - a step towards model-based dose optimization.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study supports the use of PKPD models built from in vitro time-kill curves in the development of optimal dosing regimens for antibacterial drugs. PMID: 21807983 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

[Current Value of Quinolones in Helicobacter pylori Therapy].

Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Krasz S, Miehlke S, Berning M, Morgner A, Labenz J Eradication rates in first-line Helicobacter pylori therapy have been declining over the last decades, mainly due to increasing resistance against the recommended antibiotics clarithromycin and metronidazole. Thus, there is a need to evaluate novel regimens and substances to offer effective alternative treatment strategies. New generation quinolones, like levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, exhibit a broad-spectrum activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and are mostly well tolerated. Based on a large number of studies, quinolones have been introduced in second-line and rescue treatment and are recommended for these indications in current guidelines. Various studies have investigated alternative strategies ...

Improving the precision of QT measurements.

Cardiology Journal — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:15:02 +0100

Conclusions: The HPQT QT measurement technique detected the effect induced by moxifloxacin with the same accuracy as SA techniques, and with clearly improved precision. More precise QTc measurement has important implications in terms of lowering the likelihood of false positive results and/or reducing the sample size in TQT studies, as well as improving the utility of QT assessment in early clinical development. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 4: 401-410). PMID: 21769821 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cardiology Journal)

In vitro activity of ceftobiprole and seven other antimicrobial agents against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Spain

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 05:33:33 +0100

Abstract The in vitro activity of ceftobiprole was compared with that of seven antimicrobial agents against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from adult patients (>15 years old). Characterization of erythromycin-resistant strains and serotype distribution of all pneumococci were also evaluated. Seventy invasive S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from December 2007 to January 2009. Serotyping was carried out by Quellung reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by broth microdilution (CLSI guidelines). The comparator agents were penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, telithromycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin. Phenotypic characterization of macrolide resistance was performed by the double disk method. Macrolide resistance genes [erm(B) and...

Reduction of Anterior Chamber Contamination Rate After Cataract Surgery by Intraoperative Surface Irrigation With 0.25% Povidone-Iodine

American Journal of Ophthalmology — Sat, 23 Jul 2011 20:24:28 +0100

Editor: We read with great interest the article “Reduction of anterior chamber contamination rate after cataract surgery by intraoperative surface irrigation with 0.25% povidone-iodine,” by Shimada and associates. We congratulate the authors for an excellent article highlighting a simple and novel method by which repeated irrigation of the operative field with povidone-iodine at a concentration of 0.25% achieved an extremely low bacterial contamination rate in the anterior chamber at the completion of phacoemulsification surgery. Techniques to achieve this include preparing the skin with povidone-iodine 10% or 5%, preparing the conjunctiva with povidone-iodine 5% or 1%, and using preoperative topical antibiotic agents. We use topical moxifloxacin 0.5%, 4 times a day 3 days before the ...

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Moxifloxacin Prophylaxis for Chemoembolization or Embolization in Patients With Previous Biliary Interventions: A Pilot Study

American Journal of Roentgenology — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION. Ten patients underwent 25 procedures and were followed for a median of 250 days. No abscesses developed. Our results suggest moxifloxacin alone may suffice for prophylaxis. (Source: American Journal of Roentgenology)

DNA gyrase inhibition assays are necessary to demonstrate fluoroquinolone resistance secondary to gyrB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pantel A, Petrella S, Matrat S, Brossier F, Bastian S, Reitter D, Jarlier V, Mayer C, Aubry A The main mechanism of FQ (fluoroquinolone) resistance in M. tuberculosis is mutation in DNA gyrase (GyrA(2)GyrB(2)), especially in gyrA. However, discovery of unknown mutations in gyrB whose implication in FQ resistance is unclear has become more frequent. We investigated the impact on FQ susceptibility of eight gyrB mutations in M. tuberculosis clinical strains, three of them previously identified in FQ-resistant strain. We measured FQ MICs and also DNA gyrase inhibition by FQs in order to clarify the role of these mutations in FQ-resistance. Wild-type GyrA, wild-type GyrB and mutant GyrB subunits produced from engineered gyrB alleles by mutagenesis were overexpressed in E. coli, pur...

Cellular accumulation of fluoroquinolones is not predictive of their intracellular activity: studies with gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of uninfected and infected macrophages

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Fluoroquinolones enter eukaryotic cells but the correlation between cellular accumulation and activity remains poorly established. Gemifloxacin is known to accumulate to a larger extent than most other fluoroquinolones in tissues. Using murine J774 macrophages and human THP-1 monocytes, we show that gemifloxacin accumulates more than ciprofloxacin and even moxifloxacin. Whilst showing indistinguishable kinetics of accumulation in J774 macrophages, gemifloxacin was released at an approximately two-fold slower rate than ciprofloxacin and its release was only partial. Gemifloxacin was also a weaker substrate than ciprofloxacin for the efflux transporter Mrp4 active in J774 macrophages. In cells infected with Listeria monocytogenes or Staphylococcus aureus (typical cytoplasmic and ph...

VIGAMOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Solution [Alcon Laboratories, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Correlation between variable-number tandem-repeat-based genotypes and drug susceptibility in Mycobacterium avium isolates

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 05:56:55 +0100

Abstract Little is known about the correlation between genotype and drug susceptibility in Mycobacterium avium (Mav) strains isolated from patients with Mav infections. To examine whether drug susceptibility profile of Mav is associated with genotype, we carried out variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) typing and drug susceptibility testing for Mav isolates from Japanese with nodular-bronchiectasis (NB)-type and cavitary disease (CA)-type diseases. We performed M. avium tandem repeat (MATR)-VNTR typing and drug susceptibility testing by the broth dilution method, using macrolides, rifamycins, ethambutol, isoniazid, aminoglycosides, and quinolones, for Mav isolates from patients with NB and CA-type diseases (NB-Mav and CA-Mav). Based on the VNTR genotyping, the Mav strains we...

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Effect of Topical Immunomodulatory Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Therapy on Corneal Healing in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cunniculus) After Photorefractive Keratectomy [Laboratory Sciences]

Archives of Opthalmology — Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and adverse effect profile of topical IL-1ra in human eyes. Clinical Relevance IL-1ra therapy may be an alternative to steroid treatment following PRK. (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

Low rate of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from northern Tanzania

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our findings indicate that the rate of fluoroquinolone-resistant M. tuberculosis in Tanzanian patients with TB is low and not related to previous, brief episodes of exposure to fluoroquinolones. The findings favour future application of fluoroquinolones in TB treatment regimens of shorter duration. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

The Role of Topical Moxifloxacin, a New Antibacterial in Europe, in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Clinical Drug Investigation — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 14:48:54 +0100

(Source: Clinical Drug Investigation)

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of garenoxacin against group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, garenoxacin showed potent in vitro activity against clinical isolates of group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis [minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of the organisms (MIC90)=0.125μg/mL] and was superior to levofloxacin (MIC90=1μg/mL) and moxifloxacin (MIC90=0.25μg/mL). In experimental pneumonia caused by group G S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in mice, the effective dose for 50% survival (ED50) of garenoxacin following single oral administration was 1.87mg/kg, >10.7-fold and 4.6-fold less than the ED50 values of levofloxacin (>20mg/kg) and moxifloxacin (8.54mg/kg), respectively. The area under the free serum concentration–time curve from 0–24h (fAUC0–24)/MIC ratio of garenoxacin in serum following oral administration of 20mg/kg was 73.2, which...

Comparison of IKr blocking drugs Moxifloxacin and Dofetilide/E‐4031 in 5 screening models of pro‐arrhythmia reveals insufficient specificity of isolated cardiomyocytes

British Journal of Pharmacology — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion and implications Isolated cardiomyocytes lack specificity to discriminate between TdP liability of the IKr blocking drugs moxifloxacin and dofetilide/E4031. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

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The newer fluoroquinolones.

The Medical Clinics of North America — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 14:45:29 +0100

This article reviews fluoroquinolone pharmacology, pharmacodynamic principles, and fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms, highlighting recent trends in the epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistance among gram-negative organisms and Streptococcus pneumonia. Important fluoroquinolone safety concerns are discussed, along with indications for the most commonly used fluoroquinolones-ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. PMID: 21679792 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Medical Clinics of North America)

A Placebo- and Active-Controlled Assessment of 6- and 50-mg Oral Doxepin on Cardiac Repolarization in Healthy Volunteers: A Thorough QT Evaluation.

Clinical Therapeutics — Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: This thorough QT study revealed no effects of doxepin on QTcI up to 50 mg, suggesting that doxepin therapy for insomnia is unlikely to increase QTc intervals. PMID: 21722958 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

The Newer Fluoroquinolones

Medical Clinics of North America — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 23:49:05 +0100

This article reviews fluoroquinolone pharmacology, pharmacodynamic principles, and fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms, highlighting recent trends in the epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistance among gram-negative organisms and Streptococcus pneumonia. Important fluoroquinolone safety concerns are discussed, along with indications for the most commonly used fluoroquinolones—ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)

Microbiological efficacy of a new ophthalmic formulation of moxifloxacin dosed twice-daily for bacterial conjunctivitis.

Advances in Therapy — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The xanthan gum-based 0.5% moxifloxacin ophthalmic formulation, MOXI-AF, provides effective eradication of the three principle causative pathogens of bacterial conjunctivitis across all age groups when dosed twice-daily for 3 days. PMID: 21681652 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Advances in Therapy)

Characterization of the Human QT Interval: Novel Distribution-Based Assessment of the Repolarization Effects of Moxifloxacin.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Holzgrefe HH, Ferber G, Morrison R, Meyer O, Greiter-Wilke A, Singer T The authors have previously demonstrated rate-independent QT variability in the dog and cynomolgus monkey, where the QT associated with any RR was a normally distributed value that was accurately evaluated as the distribution mean. The present study investigated the rate-independent characteristics of the human QT. Digital electrocardiographs (1000 Hz) were collected for 24 hours in 51 patients (thorough QT study) and analyzed by computer. Distribution-based analysis was applied to the placebo and moxifloxacin (400 mg) arms to characterize the nature of the QT interval and to assess the efficacy of distribution-based analysis for QTc determination. Novel statistics using continuous means and bootstrapped 95...

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A case of isoniazid resistant intracranial tuberculoma treated with combination of moxifloxacin and first line antituberculosis medication.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We report a case of a previously healthy twenty three year old Somalian care assistant. She presented with a 4 month history of persistent occipital headaches associated with intermittent nausea and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a large enhancing lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with surrounding ring lesions suggestive of an intracranial neoplasm with metastases. However, tuberculoma of the brain was confirmed based on histology of the excision biopsy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results. CSF cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) resistant to isoniazid (INH) with sensitivity to other standard drugs including the fluoroquinolones. No primary focus to suggest spread from elsewhere was found. The patient was s...

Lack of Significant Effect of Bilastine Administered at Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses and Concomitantly With Ketoconazole on Ventricular Repolarization: Results of a Thorough QT Study (TQTS) With QT-Concentration Analysis.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tyl B, Kabbaj M, Azzam S, Sologuren A, Valiente R, Reinbolt E, Roupe K, Blanco N, Wheeler W The effect of bilastine on cardiac repolarization was studied in 30 healthy participants during a multiple-dose, triple-dummy, crossover, thorough QT study that included 5 arms: placebo, active control (400 mg moxifloxacin), bilastine at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses (20 mg and 100 mg once daily, respectively), and bilastine 20 mg administered with ketoconazole 400 mg. Time-matched, triplicate electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded with 13 time points extracted predose and 16 extracted over 72 hours post day 4 dosing. Four QT/RR corrections were implemented: QTcB; QTcF; a linear individual correction (QTcNi), the primary correction; and a nonlinear one (QTcNnl). Moxifloxacin w...

Synthesis and In‐vitro Antibacterial Activity of 7‐(3‐Aminopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrazol‐5(2H,4H,6H)‐yl)‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Archiv der Pharmazie — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractA series of novel 7‐(3‐aminopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrazol‐5(2H,4H,6H)‐yl)‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid derivatives was designed, synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR, MS and HRMS. These fluoroquinolones were evaluated for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against representative Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains. Generally, all of the target compounds display rather weak potency against the tested Gram‐negative strains, but most of them exhibit good potency in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis including methicillin‐resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) (MIC: 0.125–8 µg/mL). In particular, the compound 9g is 2 to 32 fold mor...

Retrospective comparison of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes.

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lee J, Lee CH, Kim DK, Yoon HI, Kim JY, Lee SM, Yang SC, Lee JH, Yoo CG, Lee CT, Chung HS, Kim YW, Han SK, Yim JJ To compare the effect of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin on treatment outcomes among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). PMID: 21716591 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine)

Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Patel SN, McGeer A, Melano R, Tyrrell GJ, Green K, Pillai DR, Low DE, Ciprofloxacin, the first fluoroquinolone to be used to treat lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), demonstrates poor potency against Streptococcus pneumoniae, and its use was associated with the emergence of resistance. During the last decade, fluoroquinolones with enhanced in vitro activity against S. pneumoniae have replaced ciprofloxacin for the treatment of LRTI. Here, we analyzed the impact of more active fluoroquinolones usage on pneumococci by examining the fluoroquinolone usage, prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and mutations in the genes that encode the major target sites for the fluoroquinolones (gyrA and parC) in pneumococcal isolates collected in Canada-wide surveillance. A total of ...

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AVELOX (Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [Cardinal Health]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 26 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 26, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Cardiac safety of indacaterol in healthy subjects: a randomized, multidose, placebo- and positive-controlled, parallel-group thorough QT study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine - Latest articles — Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Indacaterol, at doses up to 600 mcg once daily (2-4 times the therapeutic dose) does not have any clinically relevant effect on the QT interval.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01263808 (Source: BMC Pulmonary Medicine - Latest articles)

Rational use of moxifloxacin for tuberculosis treatment

MSF Field Research — Wed, 25 May 2011 20:45:13 +0100

Title: Rational use of moxifloxacin for tuberculosis treatmentAuthors: Cox, Helen; Ford, Nathan; Keshavjee, Salmaan; McDermid, Cheryl; von Schoen-Angerer, Tido; Mitnick, Carole; Goemaere, Eric (Source: MSF Field Research)

Human aqueous humor concentrations of besifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin after topical ocular application

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Thu, 19 May 2011 14:28:28 +0100

Conclusions: Based on the aqueous humor drug concentrations measured in this study, it is unlikely that any of the fluoroquinolones tested would be therapeutically effective in the aqueous humor against the most frequently identified drug-resistant staphylococcal isolates from recent cases of postoperative endophthalmitis.Financial disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Additional disclosures are found in the footnotes. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

Preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgeries

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We congratulate Murjaneh et al for addressing the use of intraoperative antibiotics for prophylaxis against postoperative endophthalmitis.1 Worldwide, there are significant regional variances in the method of prophylactic antibacterial regimens; for example, topical fluoroquinolones are commonly used in the USA, while intracameral cephalosporins are employed widely in Europe.2 In order to provide more data for this discussion, we present the statistics from our private clinical practice, since we have used the same routine for endophthalmitis prevention in our cataract surgeries in the last 5 years. Our routine consists of topical ocular administration of a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, four times a day, initiating 1 day before the surgery and maintaining in the operative da...

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Thorough QT/QTc Study of Ritonavir-Boosted Saquinavir Following Multiple-Dose Administration of Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses in Healthy Participants.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang X, Jordan P, Cristea L, Salgo M, Farha R, Kolis S, Lee LS The effect of saquinavir-boosted ritonavir at therapeutic (1000/100 mg twice daily [bid]) and supratherapeutic (1500/100 mg bid) doses was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo- and positive-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) 4-way crossover thorough QT/QTc study. Least squares mean estimated study-specific QTc (QTcS) change from dense predose baseline (ddQTcS(dense)) was the primary endpoint. Greatest mean increase in ddQTcS(dense) occurred 12 hours postdose for the 1000/100-mg group (18.9 ms) and 20 hours for the 1500/10-mg group (30.2 ms). The upper 1-sided 95% confidence interval was >20 ms from 2 to 20 hours postdose in both groups. ddQTcB(dense) and ddQTcF(dense) were similar to ddQTcS(dense). No QTcS, QTcF,...

Implication of the NorB Efflux Pump in the Adaptation of S. aureus to Growth at Acid pH and Resistance to Moxifloxacin.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we focused on changes in the expression of mgrA at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, following a shift from pH 7.0 to pH 4.5. We then correlated those changes with modifications in transcript levels of norB and to resistance to moxifloxacin, a substrate of NorB. At pH 4.5, S. aureus MgrA increased twofold and MgrA-P decreased fourfold, associated with an eightfold increase in norB transcripts and a sixfold reduction in bacterial killing by moxifloxacin, and the phenomenon was dependent on intact mgrA. Taken together, these new data showed that phosphoregulation of MgrA at low pH reverses its repression of norB expression, conferring resistance to moxifloxacin. PMID: 21555767 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemothera...

JNJ-Q2: a New Fluoroquinolone with Potent in Vitro Activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Including Methicillin- and Fluoroquinolone-resistant Strains.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, the in vitro activity of JNJ-Q2 was evaluated against 511 selected Staphylococcus aureus isolated in 2008-2009 from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in the United States using reference methodology. JNJ-Q2 was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested overall (MIC(50/90), 0.12/0.5 μg/ml) and against methicillin- and fluoroquinolone- resistant subgroups, when compared directly to moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin (each ≥16-fold less potent). PMID: 21555765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Isolation of the first three cases of Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027 in Singapore.

Singapore Medical Journal — Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We report the first three isolates of C. difficile 027 from Singapore. However, their susceptibility patterns are more consistent with the historical 027 strains. Rising CDI incidence may not be associated with the emergence of the epidemic 027 strain at this time. PMID: 21633771 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Singapore Medical Journal)

[Regional Difference of Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Strains in Korea.]

Korean J Gastroenter... — Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: There was no significant regional difference of the primary antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. However, the included patient number might not be enough for this conclusion demanding further evaluations. PMID: 21519175 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Korean J Gastroenter...)

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Moxifloxacin combined with cefotaxime compared to cefotaxime gentamicin combination prevent white matter damage associated with Escherichia coli sepsis in neonatal rats.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Le Saché N, Baud O, Pansiot J, Pham H, Biran V, Brunel-Meunier N, Bidet P, Kitzis MD, Gressens P, Bingen E, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Bonacorsi S Relative to the cefotaxime-gentamicin combination, the moxifloxacin-cefotaxime combination significantly reduced microglial activation, immature oligodendrocyte cell death, and delayed myelination in the developing white matter of neonatal rats with experimental Escherichia coli sepsis. These neuroprotective effects were not due to differences in in vivo bactericidal activity or in the systemic inflammatory response, and could be related to the intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of moxifloxacin. Molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of moxifloxacin remain to be elucidated. PMID: 21502635 [PubMed - as supplie...

Bacteriological findings and antimicrobial resistance in odontogenic and non-odontogenic chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, 20% of chronic maxillary sinusitis were associated with a dental origin, and sinus lift procedures were the main etiological factor. Our microbiological findings showed that all specimens from chronic maxillary sinusitis were polymicrobial. Sixty aerobes and 75 anaerobes were recovered from the 47 cases of non-odontogenic sinusitis (2.9 bacteria/specimen); 15 aerobes and 25 anaerobes were isolated from the 12 patients with odontogenic sinusitis (3.3 bacteria/specimen). The predominant aerobes were Staphylococcus aureus (27) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (16), while the more frequent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus spp. (31) and Prevotella spp. (30). Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were absent in sinusitis associated with a dental origin. Overall, 22% of S. ...

Susceptibility of hamsters to infection by historic and epidemic BI Clostridium difficile strains during daily administration of three fluoroquinolones.

Anaerobe — Wed, 13 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: For the epidemic BI17 strain, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin have similar colonization rates, suggesting that the acquisition of high-level FQ resistance increases colonization rates in association with any FQ. Historic strain BI1 which does not carry high-level FQ resistance colonized efficiently only in the presence of moxifloxacin, possibly explaining lower rates of CDI historically prior to the widespread clinical use of moxifloxacin (and gatifloxacin). Current high rates and severity of CDI from 2000 to 2010 may in part be associated with the acquisition of high-level FQ resistance in BI strains and higher patient exposure rates of all FQs, especially moxifloxacin. PMID: 21511046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anaerobe)

Comparative Efficacies of Candidate Antibiotics against Yersinia pestis In an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The comparator antibiotics were superior to streptomycin against Y. pestis and deserve further evaluation. PMID: 21486959 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

The Lancet: Rational use of moxifloxacin for tuberculosis treatment

MSF News — Mon, 11 Apr 2011 07:18:00 +0100

From: The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 259 - 260, April 2011 Excerpt: Despite intensified efforts in recent years, tuberculosis is uncontrolled in many regions. Although drug-susceptible tuberculosis is a treatable disease, the 6 month duration of therapy, often administered under daily direct observation, can result in poor outcomes because of the demands that this regimen places on patients and health systems. Therapy for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is even more demanding: it lasts 2 years and is associated with distressing and often severe side-effects. Unsurprisingly, treatment outcomes for MDR tuberculosis are considerably poorer than for drug-susceptible tuberculosis, even in optimum conditions. For full text, visit The Lancet site (login req...

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Mycobacterium bolletii/Mycobacterium massiliense Furunculosis Associated With Pedicure Footbaths: A Report of 3 Cases [Observation]

Archives of Dermatology — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Clinicians should elicit a history of pedicure footbaths and maintain a high level of suspicion when faced with skin lesions of the lower extremities that are culture negative or are refractory to conventional antibiotic therapy. Accurate identification and discrimination of M massiliense and M bolletii is difficult and requires sequencing of multiple gene targets beyond their identical 16S rRNA sequences. (Source: Archives of Dermatology)

Topical Fluoroquinolone Use as a Risk Factor for In Vitro Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Ocular Cultures [Clinical Sciences]

Archives of Opthalmology — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Recent topical fluoroquinolone use is significantly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in S aureus isolates from ocular cultures. (Source: Archives of Opthalmology)

Modelling biphasic killing of fluoroquinolones: guiding optimal dosing regimen design

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our model was found to be reasonable in characterizing biphasic killing of fluoroquinolones and predicting dosing regimens to suppress resistance development. Our work demonstrated improvements resulting from using the proposed mathematical modelling as a decision support tool for guiding the design of dosing regimens. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Comparative in vitro susceptibility of Burkholderia pseudomallei to doripenem, ertapenem, tigecycline and moxifloxacin

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to examine the in vitro susceptibility of B. pseudomallei to four new antimicrobial agents, namely moxifloxacin, tigecycline, ertapenem and doripenem. A total of 100 clinical isolates were tested by Etest and disk diffusion. As there are no interpretative standards for these antimicrobials, MIC90 values (minimum inhibitory concentrations for 90% of the isolates) were compared with those for meropenem. MIC values for each agent were correlated with zone of inhibition diameters. MICs for doripenem were broadly similar to those for meropenem, with a MIC90 of 1.5μg/mL (range 0.38–4μg/mL). There was good correlation (r=−0.71; P (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

In Vitro and In Vivo Profile of ACH-702, an Isothiazoloquinolone, against Bacterial Pathogens.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pucci MJ, Podos SD, Thanassi JA, Leggio MJ, Bradbury BJ, Deshpande M ACH-702, a novel isothiazoloquinolone, was assessed for antibacterial activity against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and found to possess broad-spectrum activity, especially against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). For gram-negative bacteria, ACH-702 showed exceptional potency against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria sp., but was less active against members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Good antibacterial activity was also evident against several anaerobes as well as Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Excellent bactericidal activity was observed for ACH-702 against sev...

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Consumption Patterns and in vitro Resistance of S. pneumoniae to Fluoroquinolones.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This article analyses consumption patterns of fluoroquinolones and documents in vitro resistance of S. pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in ambulatory care in Belgium over time. The volume of fluoroquinolone consumption has fallen consistently since 2003. Fluoroquinolones were primarily used in their registered indications (i.e. urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections). The MIC distribution of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in S. pneumoniae isolates remained stable during 2004-2009 and resistance to moxifloxacin and levofloxacin was low (≤1%). PMID: 21464243 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and outcomes of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Chryseobacterium meningosepticum) bacteremia at a medical center in Taiwan, 1999–2006

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Sun, 03 Apr 2011 05:41:38 +0100

Abstract A total of 118 patients with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteremia at a medical center in Taiwan from 1999 to 2006 were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 99 preserved isolates were determined. The incidence (per 100,000 admissions) of E. meningoseptica bacteremia increased from 7.5 in 1996 to 35.6 in 2006 (p = 0.006). Among them, 84% presented with fever, 86% had nosocomial infections, and 60% had acquired the infection in intensive care units (ICUs). The most common underlying diseases were malignancy (36%) and diabetes mellitus (25%). Seventy-eight percent of patients had primary bacteremia, followed by pneumonia (9%), soft tissue infection, and catheter-related bacteremia (6%). Forty-five patients (38%) had polymicrobial bacteremia. Ove...

Geographical clustering of cases of infection with moxifloxacin-resistant Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotypes 012, 017 and 046 in Sweden, 2008 and 2009.

Euro Surveill — Sat, 02 Apr 2011 18:30:10 +0100

Authors: Akerlund T, Alefjord I, Dohnhammar U, Struwe J, Noren T, Tegmark-Wisell K, PMID: 21435322 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Euro Surveill)

[Comment] Rational use of moxifloxacin for tuberculosis treatment

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 17:07:05 +0100

Despite intensified efforts in recent years, tuberculosis is uncontrolled in many regions. Although drug-susceptible tuberculosis is a treatable disease, the 6 month duration of therapy, often administered under daily direct observation, can result in poor outcomes because of the demands that this regimen places on patients and health systems. Therapy for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is even more demanding: it lasts 2 years and is associated with distressing and often severe side-effects. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)