MedWorm: Captopril

The new approach for captopril detection employing triangular gold nanoparticles-catalyzed luminol chemiluminescence.

Talanta — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chen Q, Bai S, Lu C Abstract In this work, we utilize the triangular gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by trisodium citrate reduction of HAuCl(4) in presence of nonionic fluorosurfactant (FSN) as a novel chemiluminescence (CL) probe for the determination of captopril. Captopril can induce a sharp decrease in CL intensity from the triangular AuNPs-catalyzed luminol system. Under the selected experimental conditions, a linear relationship was obtained between the logarithm of CL intensity and the logarithm of concentration of captopril in the range of 23.0-920nM, and the detection limit at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for captopril was 4.6nM. The as-prepared triangular AuNPs were easier to synthesize, stable at a wider pH range and high ionic strength, and exhibited a high...

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Effect of captopril treatment on recuperation from ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal injury

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. At the acute stage of renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI, ACE inhibition substantially contributed to the amelioration of acute injury by improving renal function, inhibiting systemic and intrarenal angiotensin-II, attenuating intrarenal inflammation and preserving renal tissue structure. Later on, at the post-reperfusion stage, most of the beneficial effects of captopril administration on the recuperating post-ischemic kidney were no longer evident. Concurrently, ACE inhibition exacerbated intrarenal hypoxia and accelerated oxidative stress, indicating that renal adaptation to some consequences of ischemia does require bioavailability of RAS components. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Antibacterials/captopril/penicillamine: Pemphigus: 6 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:35:21 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Activated Plasma Coagulation {beta}-Factor XII-Induced Vasoconstriction in Rats

Clinical Science — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

By inducing bradykinin-stimulated adrenomedullary catecholamine release, bolus injection of the β-fragment of activated plasma coagulation FXIIa (β-FXIIa) transiently elevates blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of anesthetized, vagotomized, ganglion-blocked, captopril treated bioassay rats. We hypothesized that intravenous infusion of β-FXIIa into intact untreated rats would elicit a qualitatively similar and vasoconstrictor response. Brown Norway (BN) rats received for 60 min either: 1) saline (control; n=10); 2) β-FXIIa (85 ng/min/kg; n=9); or 3) β-FXIIa after bilateral adrenalectomy (2ADX; n=9). Left ventricular volume and aortic BP were recorded before (30 min baseline), during (60 min), and after (30 min recovery) the infusion. Total peripheral...

Comparative study of the antioxidant activity of some thiol-containing substances

Central European Journal of Medicine — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:07:46 +0100

Conclusions Captopril and mercaptoethanol are potent free radical scavengers, reacting rapidly with ·OH, whereas cysteamine acts preferentially as a chelator of iron and in this way prevents the formation of ·OH. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.2478/s11536-011-0132-zAuthors Lubomir Petrov, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. G. Bonchev str, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaMila Atanassova, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. G. Bonchev str, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaAlbena Alexandrova, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. G. Bonchev str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Journal Central European Journal of MedicineOnline ISSN 1644-3640Print ISSN 1895-1058 (Sou...

Angiotensinase and Vasopressinase Activities in Hypothalamus, Plasma, and Kidney after Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme: Basis for a New Working Hypothesis

Hormone and Metabolic Research — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1299693Reducing angiotensin II (Ang II) production via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is a key approach for the treatment of hypertension. However, these inhibitors may also affect other enzymes, such as angiotensinases and vasopressinase, responsible for the metabolism of other peptides also involved in blood pressure control, such as Ang 2-10, Ang III, Ang IV, and vasopressin. We analyzed the activity of these enzymes in the hypothalamus, plasma, and kidney of normotensive adult male rats after inhibition of ACE with captopril. Aspartyl- (AspAP), glutamyl- (GluAP), alanyl- (AlaAP) and cystinyl-aminopeptidase (CysAP) activities were measured fluorimetrically using arylamides as substrates. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), water intake, and u...

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Intestinal renin-angiotensin system is stimulated after deletion of Lkb1

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Taken together, these data reveal a novel role for Lkb1 in regulation of the gastrointestinal renin–angiotensin system. (Source: Gut)

Radiation damage to the lung: Mitigation by angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Respirology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 22:41:25 +0100

ABSTRACTConcern regarding accidental overexposure to radiation has been raised after the devastating Tohuku earthquake and tsunami which initiated the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in March 2011. Radiation exposure is toxic and can be fatal depending on the dose received. Injury to the lung is often reported as part of multi‐organ failure in victims of accidental exposures. Doses of radiation >8 Gray to the chest can induce pneumonitis with right ventricular hypertrophy starting after ∼2 months. Higher doses may be followed by pulmonary fibrosis that presents months to years after exposure. Though the exact mechanisms of radiation lung damage are not known, experimental animal models have been widely used to study this injury. Rodent models for pneumonitis and fibros...

AFM Study of the Effects of Collagenase and its Inhibitors on Dentin Collagen Fibrils

Journal of Dentistry — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 22:47:40 +0100

ConclusionsExogenous collagenase II effectively degraded human dentin collagen fibrils, and its collagenolytic activity was inhibited by the exogenous collagenase inhibitors, chlorhexidine and captopril. (Source: Journal of Dentistry)

BPP-5a produces a potent and long-lasting NO-dependent antihypertensive effect

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although the BPP-5a is considered an ACE inhibitor, our results indicate that its antihypertensive effect is exerted via a unique target, a nitric-oxide-dependent mechanism. (Source: Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease)

Tagging SNPs in REN, AGTR1 and AGTR2 genes and response of renin activity, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations to antihypertensive treatment in Kazakans

Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: rs2887284 in intron 9 of REN is associated with the response of renin and angiotensin II levels to ACEI treatment. (Source: Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS)

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Renin released from mast cells activated by circulating MCP-1 initiates the microvascular phase of the systemic inflammation of alveolar hypoxia

AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study was directed to determine the mechanism of RAS activation by MCP-1-induced MC degranulation. Experiments in isolated rat peritoneal MCs showed the following: 1) Western blots and immunocytochemistry demonstrated the presence of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in MCs and their release upon degranulation; 2) MCP-1-induced degranulation of MCs incubated in plasma produced an increase in angiotensin II (ANG II) concentration; and 3) this increase was inhibited completely by the following agents: the MCP-1 receptor antagonist RS-102895, the specific rat renin inhibitor WFML, or the ACE inhibitor captopril administered separately. Captopril also inhibited ANG II generation by MCs incubated in culture medium plus ANG I. The results show that peritoneal MCs contain active ...

Antibacterials/captopril/penicillamine: Pemphigus: 6 case reports

Reactions — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 07:29:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Effect of captopril and the bradykinin-PKC pathway on ROS production in type 1 diabetic rats.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated the redox status in both the cardiac tissue and at the cellular level (neutrophils). Two concentrations of captopril were utilized: (i) 5 mg·(kg body mass)(-1), which was considered a therapeutic dose; and (ii) 10 mg·(kg body mass)(-1). Body mass, plasma glucose, and serum insulin were evaluated. To investigate the redox status of the cardiac tissue, we analyzed lipid peroxidation, concentration of carbonylated protein, catalase activity, and the concentration of glutathione. For a more accurate assessment of the possible antioxidant effect of captopril, we also analyzed ROS in neutrophils (in vivo), and ROS production induced by bradykinin and the influence of the PKC pathway in this production (in vitro). Our data show that the hearts of diabetic animals have inc...

The Role of Blood Pressure and the Renin-Angiotensin System in Development of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) in eNOS-/- db/db Mice.

Am J Physiol Renal P... — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang MZ, Wang S, Yang S, Yang H, Fan X, Takahashi T, Harris RC Abstract Randomized clinical trials have clearly shown that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) will slow the rate of progression of diabetic nephropathy, but controversy remains about whether the observed beneficial effects result from more than control of blood pressure. Deletion of eNOS in a model of type II diabetes, db/db mice (eNOS(-/-) db/db), induces an accelerated nephropathy and provides an excellent model of human diabetic nephropathy. As is frequently seen in type II diabetes, blood pressure is moderately elevated in eNOS(-/-) db/db mice. In order to determine the role of elevated blood pressure per se versus additional deleterious effects of the renin-angiotensin system in mediation o...

Antinociceptive effect of [Met5]enkephalin semicarbazide is not affected by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I

Journal of Peptide Science — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, a novel [Met5]enkephalin amide (MEA) analogue [Met5]enkephalin (ME)‐semicarbazide synthesized by another laboratory in our group was assessed for its antinociceptive effects compared with ME‐ethylamide, MEA and ME, using tail flick test. To protect the administered drugs from biodegradation, rats were pretreated with peptidase inhibitors including amastatin, phosphoramidon and captopril. Then captopril (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I inhibitor) was deleted from the peptidase inhibitors' combination for evaluating in vivo resistance of the synthetic drugs to dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I.According to the results, ME‐semicarbazide and MEA were resistant enough to dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase‐I to exert their strong antinociception following intrathecal administration...

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CAPOTEN (Captopril) Tablet [Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Voltammetric Determination of Captopril Using Chlorpromazine as a Homogeneous Mediator

Experimental Diabetes Research — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:27:02 +0100

Chlorpromazine was used as a homogeneous electrocatalyst in the oxidation of captopril. The anodic peak current of chlorpromazine was increased substantially in the presence of low concentrations of captopril (pH 4). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to study the kinetics of the catalytic electron transfer reaction. The values of electron transfer coefficient (α) and catalytic rate constant (kcat) were estimated to be 0.34 and 8.48×102 M−1 sec−1, respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry was used for the determination of captopril in the presence of chlorpromazine. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of captopril of 10.0–300.0 μM, with a limit of detection of 3.65 μM. Th...

Insulin alone or with captopril: effects on signaling pathways (AKT and AMPK) and oxidative balance after ischemia–reperfusion in isolated hearts

Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:31:02 +0100

AbstractInsulin and the inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system have independent benefits for ischemia–reperfusion injury, but their combination has not been tested. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of insulin+captopril on insulin/angiotensin signaling pathways and cardiac function in the isolated heart subjected to ischemia–reperfusion. Isolated hearts were perfused (Langendorff technique) with Krebs–Henseleit (KH) buffer for 25 min. Global ischemia was induced (20 min), followed by reperfusion (30 min) with KH (group KH), KH+angiotensin‐I (group A), KH+angiotensin‐I+captopril (group AC), KH+insulin (group I), KH+insulin+angiotensin‐I (group IA), or KH+insulin+angiotensin‐I+captopril (group IAC). Group A had a 24% reduction in developed pressure and an increase...

Radiation damage to the lung: mitigation by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Respirology — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTConcern regarding accidental overexposure to radiation has been raised after the devastating Tohuku earthquake and tsunami which initiated the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan, in March 2011. Radiation exposure is toxic and can be fatal depending on the dose received. Injury to the lung is often reported as part of multi‐organ failure in victims of accidental exposures. Doses of radiation >8 Gray to the chest can induce pneumonitis with right ventricular hypertrophy starting after ∼2 months. Higher doses may be followed by pulmonary fibrosis that presents months to years after exposure. Though the exact mechanisms of radiation lung damage are not known, experimental animal models have been widely used to study this injury. Rodent models for pneumonitis and fibrosi...

Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Specific Harmonic Indices of the Pulse Waveform in Normotensive Wistar Kyoto Rats.

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wang SH, Jan MY, Wang WK, Lin Wang YY Abstract We used a self-comparison method and harmonic analysis to compare the blood pressure wave before and after the injection of antihypertensive drugs (atenolol, captopril, and losartan) in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly after the intraperitoneal injection of drugs. Atenolol significantly reduced all the harmonic proportions of the pulse wave, while captopril and losartan significantly increased the first and fourth harmonic proportions. These findings are the same as those reported for human subjects and confirm that harmonic analysis of the pressure pulse is a useful method to study the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. PMID: 22007621 [PubMed - as supplied by ...

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The effect of indapamide on development of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in L-NAME-induced hypertension in rat.

Physiological Research — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hlavačková L, Vranková S, Janega P, Pecháňová O, Babál P Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of indapamide and its combination with ACE inhibitor (captopril) and antioxidant (Provinols(TM)) on both myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Wistar rats were treated with L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day, L); L-NAME plus indapamide (1 mg/kg/day), or captopril (10 mg/kg/day), or Provinols(TM) (40 mg/kg/day), or combination of indapamide with captopril, and indapamide with Provinols(TM) for 7 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), LV hypertrophy and fibrosis were determined. The content of collagens type I and III was evaluated morphometrically after picrosirius red staining. L-NAME treatment led to increased BP, LV hypertrophy, total fibrosis and relative content of collagens ...

Sydenham's chorea in a family with Huntington's disease: case report and review of the literature.

Sao Paulo Medical Journal — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 00:20:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: In developed countries, Sydenham's chorea seems forgotten and, because of this, little is known about its clinical course and controversy surrounds the therapeutic options available. This occurrence of rheumatic chorea in a family with Huntington's disease highlights the importance of the differential diagnosis for the different forms of chorea. PMID: 21971903 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Sao Paulo Medical Journal)

Overproduction of Angiotensinogen From Adipose Tissue Induces Adipose Inflammation, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance.

Obesity — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we show for the first time that adipose RAS overactivation causes glucose intolerance and systemic insulin resistance. The mechanisms appear to be via reduced skeletal muscle glucose uptake, at least in part due to Ang II-induced, NADPH oxidase and NFκB-dependent increases in WAT inflammation. PMID: 21979391 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Obesity)

Effects of captopril and angiotensin II receptor blockers (AT(1), AT(2)) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induced infarct size.

Cytokine — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Parlakpinar H, Ozer MK, Acet A Abstract The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in regulating the cardiovascular system, and disorders of the RAS contribute largely to the cardiac pathophysiology, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Two subtypes of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors have been defined on the basis of their differential pharmacological properties. The current study was undertaken to address the question as to whether the inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by captopril and the AT(1) and AT(2) receptor blockers losartan and PD123319 modulate MI/R-induced infarct size in an in vivo rat model. To produce necrosis, a branch of the descending left coronary artery was occluded for 30min followed by two hours of r...

Pharmacotherapy review of chronic pediatric hypertension.

Clinical Therapeutics — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Trials in all 3 classes suggested their efficacy as well as a tolerable adverse-effect profile. More trials in children are needed, particularly with newer antihypertensive agents. Comparative trials of different agents are the most lacking. PMID: 21982385 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Therapeutics)

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P4.17 Manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) as an outcome measure for cardiac function in the mdx mouse

Neuromuscular Disorders — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 03:39:58 +0100

Elevated intracellular calcium is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of muscular dystrophy. We have previously shown that at baseline, Sgcd−/−and mdx mice (models of LGMD2F and DMD, respectively) show elevated manganese 8 enhancement compared to C57Bl10 controls, demonstrating for the first time in vivo that intracellular calcium is indeed elevated in these animals. We wished to investigate the functional relevance of this by examining enhancement in Sgcd−/−and mdx following drug treatments, which we have previously shown to modulate cardiac function. We have shown that metoprolol, a 1-selective adrenergic blocker, has divergent effects on cardiac function in mdx and Sgcd−/−. In addition, we have shown that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captop...

Natriorexigenic effect of baclofen is reduced by AT(1) receptor blockade in the lateral parabrachial nucleus.

Brain Research Bulletin — Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Da Silva CZ, Menani JV, Callera JC Abstract GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors activation with agonists muscimol and baclofen, respectively in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN), induces water and hypertonic NaCl intake in rats. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of previous injections of losartan (AT(1) angiotensin receptor antagonist) into the LPBN on 0.3M NaCl and water intake induced by baclofen injected bilaterally in the same area in fluid replete rats and in rats treated with the diuretic furosemide combined with a low dose of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril injected subcutaneously. Male Wistar rats with stainless steel cannulas implanted bilaterally into the LPBN were used. Bilateral injections of baclofen (0.5nmol/0.2μl, n=...

Transcriptional regulator RBP-J regulates the number and plasticity of renin cells

Physiological Genomics — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Renin-expressing cells are crucial in the control of blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. Notch receptors convey cell-cell signals that may regulate the renin cell phenotype. Because the common downstream effector for all Notch receptors is the transcription factor RBP-J, we used a conditional knockout approach to delete RBP-J in cells of the renin lineage. The resultant RBP-J conditional knockout (cKO) mice displayed a severe reduction in the number of renin-positive juxtaglomerular apparatuses (JGA) and a reduction in the total number of renin positive cells per JGA and along the afferent arterioles. This reduction in renin protein was accompanied by a decrease in renin mRNA expression, decreased circulating renin, and low blood pressure. To investigate whether deletion of R...

Compliance, persistence, and switching patterns for ACE inhibitors and ARBs.

The American Journal of Managed Care — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although residual confounding and indication bias cannot be ruled out, this study showed that compliance, persistence, and switching behavior varied between specific ACE inhibitors but not between specific ARBs. These results support prescribing of cheap generic ARBs as opposed to expensive ARBs. Apart from factors leading to therapy switches, compliance and persistence were similar between ACE inhibitors and ARBs. PMID: 21902446 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Managed Care)

Effects of polysaccharides extracted from zhu zi shen (rhizoma panacis majoris) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in rats with adriamycin-induced chronic heart failure.

Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: PZZS can improve the hemodynamic function, and alleviate the oxidative stress reaction in the CHF rat. PMID: 21977869 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

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Streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes causes a time-dependent inhibition of growth and steroidogenic capacity of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

Research in Experimental Medicine — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 15:57:30 +0100

Summary The effects of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes on the morphology and secretory activity of the zona glomerulosa were studied in rats whose hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal axes and renin-angiotensin systems had been pharmacologically interrupted by the simultaneous administration of dexamethasone-captopril and maintenance doses of ACTH-angiotensin II. The animals were examined 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after diabetes induction, which was evidenced by conspicuous hyperglycemia. Experimental diabetes caused notable atrophy of the zona glomerulosa and its cells, along with a significant decrease in both basal and angiotensin II-stimulated plasma aldosterone concentration. There was a positive linear correlation between all these changes and the number of days...

Captopril suppression: limitations for confirmation of primary aldosteronism

Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The ARR at 120 minutes after the captopril test is only marginally better than basal ARR in diagnosing PA in hypertensive patients screened with an increased ARR. Owing to an overall limited capacity to clearly discriminate PA from primary hypertension, the test could not therefore be recommended for the confirmatory diagnosis of PA. (Source: Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System : JRAAS)

Increased oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system, and sympathetic overactivation induce hypertension in kidney androgen-regulated protein transgenic mice.

Free Radical Biology and Medicine — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this report, we observed that plasma levels of angiotensin II and catecholamines were increased in KAP Tg mice, compared with wild-type animals. Systemic administration of Tempol, a membrane-permeative superoxide dismutase mimetic, reduced arterial pressure as well as urinary excretion of oxidative stress markers and reduced both angiotensin II and norepinephrine plasma levels in KAP Tg mice. Intracerebroventricular administration of Tempol also reduced arterial pressure in Tg mice. Moreover, administration of apocynin and DPI, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, a major source of ROS, also reduced arterial pressure and both angiotensin II and norepinephrine plasma levels in Tg mice. Thus, we analyzed the involvement of the RAS and sympathetic nervous system in KAP Tg mouse hypertension. Both ...

Globalization of Clinical Trials: How Should We Interpret Differences in Outcomes?⁎

Journal of the American College of Cardiology — Sat, 20 Aug 2011 14:22:15 +0100

Over the last 3 decades, clinical trials have become increasingly globalized. This has especially been the case for cardiovascular outcomes trials. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, but foremost is the growing size and length of clinical heart failure trials. For example, the modern era of heart failure therapy with neurohormonal antagonists was ushered in by the Captopril Multicenter Trial published in 1983, in which 92 patients with refractory heart failure were randomized to captopril or placebo with a primary endpoint of improvement in treadmill exercise time after 3 months of treatment (). Surprisingly, even with this small number of patients, a subsequent post-hoc analysis showed a significantly lower mortality rate in the captopril group compared with the placebo group (4%...

Neuroprotective Effect of ACE Inhibitors in Glutamate - Induced Neurotoxicity: Rat Neuron Culture Study.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Fri, 19 Aug 2011 22:22:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: Data obtained from this study indicate that ramipril and perindopril can prevent 10-6M glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. PMID: 21845573 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Turkish Neurosurgery)

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Structural characterization of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme in complex with a selenium analogue of captopril

FEBS Journal — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Human somatic angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE), a zinc‐dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, is central to the regulation of the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system. It is a well‐known target for combating hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. In a recent study by Bhuyan and Mugesh [Org. Biomol. Chem. (2011) 9, 1356–1365], it was shown that the selenium analogues of captopril (a well‐known clinical inhibitor of ACE) not only inhibit ACE, but also protect against peroxynitrite‐mediated nitration of peptides and proteins. Here, we report the crystal structures of human testis ACE (tACE) and a homologue of ACE, known as AnCE, from Drosophila melanogaster in complex with the most promising selenium analogue of captopril (SeCap) determined at 2.4 and 2.35 ...

Structural characterization of angiotensin‐I converting enzyme in complex with a selenium analogue of captopril

FEBS Journal — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Human somatic angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE), a zinc‐dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, is central to the regulation of the renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system. It is a well known target for combating hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. In a recent study by Bhuyan and Mugesh [Org. Biomol. Chem., (2011) 9, 1356‐1365] it was shown that the selenium analogues of captopril (a well known clinical inhibitor of ACE) not only inhibit ACE, but also protect against peroxynitrite‐mediated nitration of peptides and proteins. Here we report the crystal structures of human testis ACE (tACE) and a homologue of ACE, known as AnCE from Drosophila melanogaster in complex with the most promising selenium analogue of captopril (SeCap) determined at 2.4 Å and 2.35 Å resolu...

Captopril treatment induces hyperplasia but inhibits myonuclear accretion following severe myotrauma in murine skeletal muscle

AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The role of ANG II in skeletal muscle and satellite cell regulation is largely unknown. Cardiotoxin (CTX) was used to investigate whether muscle injury activates a local ANG II signaling system. Following injury, immunohistochelmistry (IHC) analysis revealed a robust increase in the intensity of angiotensinogen and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor expression. As regeneration proceeded, however, AT1 and angiotensinogen were downregulated. Nuclear accretion and fiber formation were also assessed during muscle regeneration in mice treated with captopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor). When ANG II formation was blocked through the use of captopril, we observed a significantly reduced accretion of nuclei into myofibers (–25%), while tibialis anterior total fiber number was ...

Bradykinin-potentiating peptides: Beyond captopril.

Toxicon — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Camargo AC, Ianzer D, Guerreiro JR, Serrano SM The identification of novel endogenous and exogenous molecules acting in the complex mechanism of regulating the vascular tonus has always been of great interest. The discovery of bradykinin (1949) and the bradykinin-potentiating peptides (1965) had a pivotal influence in the field, respectively, in understanding cardiovascular pathophysiology and in the development of captopril, the first active-site directed inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and used worldwide to treat human hypertension. Both discoveries originated from studies of envenoming by the snake Bothrops jararaca. The aim of the present article is to reveal that the snake proline-rich oligopeptides, known as bradykinin-potentiating peptides, are still a sourc...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition augments the expression of rat elastase-2, an angiotensin II-forming enzyme

AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We examined the expression levels of transcripts for elastase-2, a chymostatin-sensitive serine protease identified as the alternative pathway for ANG II generation from ANG I in the rat vascular tissue and the relative role of ACE-dependent and -independent pathways in generating ANG II in the rat isolated carotid artery rings of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar normotensive rats (WNR) treated with enalapril for 7 days. Enalapril treatment decreased blood pressure of SHR only and resulted in significantly more elastase-2 mRNA expression in carotid artery of both enalapril-treated WNR and SHR. Captopril induced a comparable rightward shift of concentration-response curves to ANG I in vehicle and enalapril-treated rats, although this effect was of lesser magnitude in SHR gro...

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Captopril and telmisartan treatments attenuate cadmium‐induced testicular toxicity in rats

Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe possible protective effect of captopril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, vs. telmisartan, an angiotensin II‐receptor antagonist, was investigated in rats with testicular injury induced by a single i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (2 mg/kg). Captopril (60 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were given for five consecutive days, starting 3 days before cadmium administration. Both agents significantly increased serum testosterone level, which was reduced by cadmium, suppressed lipid peroxidation, restored the depleted reduced glutathione, decreased the elevations of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and cadmium ion levels, and attenuated the reductions of selenium and zinc ions in testicular tissue resulted from cadmium administr...

Highly selective and sensitive voltammetric sensor for captopril determination based on modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 15:04:56 +0100

A new sensitive voltammetric sensor was developed for electrochemical determination of captopril (CAP) at a modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode with p-aminophenol (p-APMCNTPE). The result showed that p-APMCNTPE has high electrocatalytic activity for captopril oxidation at pH 6.0. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), double potential-step chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetric (SWV) were used to investigate the suitability of p-aminophenol into carbon nanotubes paste matrix as mediator for the electrocatalytic oxidation of CAP in aqueous solution. It has been found that under the optimum condition (pH 6.0), the oxidation of captopril occurred at a potential ca. 200 mV at p-APMCNTPE. The kinetic parameters, such as electron transfer coefficient and catalytic reaction rate constan...

Preventive effects of fasudil on adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy: Possible involvement of inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway.

Food and Chemical Toxicology — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wang N, Guan P, Zhang JP, Chang YZ, Gu LJ, Hao FK, Shi ZH, Wang FY, Chu L The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway in the progression of ADR-induced heart failure. Rats were administered captopril or fasudil over a period of 6days, and the ADR was injected intraperitoneally on day 4. Similar to the effect of captopril, fasudil treatment significantly protected against ADR-induced hemodynamic, histopathologic and ultra-structural changes and decreased plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in a dose-dependent manner in the left ventricle of the heart. While ADR treatment induced ROCKI mRNA expression, fasudil significantly and dose-dependently reduced the incidence of apoptosis and the ...

[Effects of Chinese herbal medicines Shengmai injection and Xuesaitong injection on ventricular fibrillation threshold and connexin 43 expression in rats with myocardial infarction.]

Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao : Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine. — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Shengmai injection and Xuesaitong injection have beneficial effects on ventricular fibrillation threshold in rats with MI. The mechanism is related with improving heart structure and reducing Cx43 expression after MI. PMID: 21749829 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao : Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine.)

Captopril as a novel possible treatment for children with ADHD and elevated lead level, a hypothesis.

Environmental Research — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ghanizadeh A PMID: 21723551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Research)

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Altered efficacy of AT1R-targeted treatment after spontaneous cancer cell-AT1R upregulation.

BMC Cancer — Sat, 25 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although the results do not support increased efficacy of combined treatment, they provide intriguing evidence of the importance of RAS expression in determining patient response and tumour growth potential and suggest that components of the RAS could be used as biomarkers to aid in patient selection. (Source: BMC Cancer)

Transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor by enhanced levels of endogenous angiotensin II contributes to the overexpression of Giα proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR.

Cellular Signalling — Fri, 24 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sandoval YH, Li Y, Anand-Srivastava MB We earlier showed that the increased expression of Gi proteins exhibited by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was attributed to the enhanced levels of endogenous endothelin. Since the levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) are also enhanced in VSMC from SHR, the present study was undertaken to examine the role of enhanced levels of endogenous Ang II in the overexpression of Giα proteins in VSMC from SHR and to further explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for this increase. The enhanced expression of Giα-2 and Giα-3 proteins in VSMC from SHR compared to WKY was attenuated by the captopril, losartan and AG1478, inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, AT(1) receptor and epidermal growt...

Med Sci Monit 2011; 17(7):BR165-172 "Regulation of the instantaneous inward rectifier and the delayed outward rectifier potassium channels by Captopril and Angiotensin II via the Phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway in volume-overload-induced hypertrophied cardiac myocytes"

Medical Science Monitor — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 17:51:00 +0100

Conclusions: Thus, captopril treatment reveals a negative effect of ANG II on IK and IK1, which is PI3-K independent, whereas in the absence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition IK and IK1 regulation is dependent upon PI3-K. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

Capoten (Captopril) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Capoten (Captopril) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

[Risperidone Treatment for Polydipsia and Hyponatremia in Schizophrenia: A Case Report.]

Turkish Journal of Psychiatry — Fri, 10 Jun 2011 22:00:03 +0100

Authors: Rao N, Venkatasubramanian G, Korpade V, Behere R, Varambally S, Gangadhar B Psychogenic polydipsia with associated hyponatremia is a potentially fatal condition observed in patients with chronic psychiatric illness, especially schizophrenia. Recognition and management of this condition are difficult, as patients are uncooperative and secretive about their water intake, but are important in terms of the associated complications. Different strategies, including involuntary fluid restriction and use of various pharmacological agents, such as demeclocycline, propranolol, captopril, and naloxone, have been used for the treatment of this condition with inconsistent results. Antipsychotics have also been used in the treatment of polydipsia; however, their role is not clear as there a...

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Protein Kinase C inhibition ameliorates functional endothelial insulin resistance and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell hypersensitivity to insulin in diabetic hypertensive rats

BioMed Central — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These findings suggest that PKC inhibition ameliorates functional endothelial insulin resistance and smooth muscle cell hypersensitivity to insulin, but does not restore acetylcholine-activated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in DH rats. (Source: BioMed Central)

Captopril/enalapril: Photoallergic reactions: 3 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 30 May 2011 16:35:06 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

CAPTOPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDEtablet [Mylan Phamaceuticals Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 26 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 26, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Drug use in pregnancy: Knowledge of drug dispensers and pregnant women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Indian Journal of Pharmacology — Mon, 23 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Appolinary Kamuhabwa, Rashida JalalIndian Journal of Pharmacology 2011 43(3):345-349More than 90% of pregnant women take prescription or non-prescription drugs at some time during pregnancy. In general, unless absolutely necessary, drugs should not be used during pregnancy because many of them are harmful to the fetus. Appropriate dispensing is one of the steps for rational drug use; so, it is necessary that drug dispensers should have relevant and updated knowledge and skills regarding drug use in pregnancy. To assess the knowledge of drug dispensers and pregnant women regarding drug use in pregnancy, focusing on four commonly used drugs that are teratogenic or cause unwanted effects to the fetus and babies. The study was conducted in two parts: consumers' perception and pro...

A multicommuted flow system for dissolution studies of Captopril in pharmaceutical preparations

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society — Sat, 21 May 2011 02:43:41 +0100

A flow-based analytical procedure exploiting multicommutation is proposed for captopril determination and the construction of dissolution curves. The procedure is based on the redox reaction between Cu(II) and the drug with the subsequent complexation of Cu(I) with 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bichinoline (BCA) and spectrophotometric detection. A linear response was observed between 25 and 300 µmol L-1 captopril and the detection limit was estimated as 7 µmol L-1 (99.7% confidence level). The coefficient of variation (n = 20) and sampling rate were 2.2% and 47 determinations per hour, respectively, consuming 290 µg of BCA and generating 3.6 mL of waste per determination. The results for seven pharmaceutical samples agreed with those obtained by the reference volumetric procedure at the 95% confi...

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition augments the expression of rat elastase-2, an angiotensin ii-forming enzyme.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology — Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We examined the expression levels of transcripts for elastase-2, a chymostatin-sensitive serine protease identified as the alternative pathway for angiotensin II (Ang II) generation from angiotensin I (Ang I) in the rat vascular tissue, and the relative role of ACE-dependent and -independent pathways in generating Ang II in the rat isolated carotid artery rings of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar normotensive rats (WNR) treated with enalapril for 7 days. Enalapril treatment decreased blood pressure of SHR only and resulted in significantly more elastase-2 mRNA expression in carotid artery of both enalapril-treated WNR and SHR. Captopril induced a comparable rightward shift of concentration-response curves to Ang I in vehicle and enalapril-treated rats, although this effect ...

CAPOTEN (Captopril) Tablet [Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 19 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 19, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

The Primary Benefits of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Cardiac Remodeling Occur During Sleep Time in Murine Pressure Overload Hypertrophy

Journal of the American College of Cardiology — Thu, 12 May 2011 15:43:17 +0100

Conclusions: The ACE inhibitor captopril benefited cardiovascular remodeling only when administered during sleep; wake-time captopril ACE inhibition was identical to that of placebo. These studies support the hypothesis that the heart (and vessels) remodel during sleep time and also illustrate the importance of diurnal timing for some cardiovascular therapies. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reverses diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation in C57BL/6J mice

International Journal of Obesity — Mon, 09 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reverses diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation in C57BL/6J mice International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, May 10, 2011. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.95 Authors: S D Premaratna, E Manickam, D P Begg, D J Rayment, A Hafandi, M Jois, D Cameron-Smith & R S Weisinger (Source: International Journal of Obesity)

Inhibition of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reduces ventricular tachycardia risk by altering connexin43

Journal of Molecular Medicine — Fri, 06 May 2011 16:15:09 +0100

Abstract Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation is associated with arrhythmias. We investigated the effects of RAS inhibition in cardiac-specific angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) overexpression (ACE 8/8) mice, which exhibit proclivity to ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sudden death because of reduced connexin43 (Cx43). ACE 8/8 mice were treated with an ACE inhibitor (captopril) or an angiotensin receptor type-1 blocker (losartan). Subsequently, electrophysiological studies were performed, and the hearts were extracted for Cx43 quantification using immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent dye spread method, and sodium current quantification using whole cell patch clamping. VT was induced in 12.5% of captopril-treated ACE 8/8 and in 28.6% of losartan-treated mi...

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Carboxypeptidase activity common to viridans group streptococci cleaves Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II: A homologous activity to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE).

Microbiology — Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Harty D, Hunter N We have found that Streptococcus gordonii FSS2, an infective endocarditis isolate, expresses a dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase with homologous activity to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE). The carboxypeptidase activity was purified to homogeneity as a complex/aggregate from a bacterial surface extract and is also active as a 165 kDa monomer. The specific activity for the carboxypeptidase activity was 8-fold higher than recombinant human ACE. Selected ACE inhibitors, Captopril, Lisinopril and Enalapril did not inhibit the ACE activity. The carboxypeptidase also hydrolysed the Aα and Bβ-chains of human fibrinogen which resulted in impaired fibrin formation by thrombin. The gene encoding ACE carboxypeptidase activity was sequenced and identified as having 97% D...

Dutch guideline for the management of hypertensive crisis - 2010 revision.

The Netherlands Journal of Medicine — Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: van den Born BJ, Beutler JJ, Gaillard CA, de Gooijer A, van den Meiracker AH, Kroon AA Hypertensive crises are divided into hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Together they form a heterogeneous group of acute hypertensive disorders depending on the presence or type of target organs involved. Despite better treatment options for hypertension, hypertensive crisis and its associated complications remain relatively common. In the Netherlands the number of patients starting renal replacement therapy because of 'malignant hypertension' has increased in the past two decades. In 2003, the first Dutch guideline on hypertensive crisis was released to allow a standardised evidence-based approach for patients presenting with a hypertensive crisis. In this paper we give an overview of...

CAPOTEN (Captopril) Tablet [Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 26 Apr 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 26, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Dual separation mode for simultaneous determination of antihypertensive drug combinations by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Talanta — Mon, 25 Apr 2011 11:23:34 +0100

Authors: Ahmed S, Atia NN, Mohamed NA A simple, reproducible and efficient dual separation mode high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of antihypertensive drug combinations including; hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), valsartan (VAL), amiloride (AML) and captopril (CAP). The newly developed Platinum™ column, which provides a dual-mode separation with its polar and non-polar sites, was used for rapid separation of these co-administered drugs. Good resolution was obtained when Platinum™ column was used compared with C(18) column. Additionally, simple isocratic mode with mobile phase containing methanol and 0.02moleL(-1) phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 3.0 (45:55, v/v) was used for separation. The flow rate was 0.5mLmin(-1) and eff...

Effect of Peptide-based Captopril Analogues on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity and Peroxynitrite-mediated Tyrosine Nitration

RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry — Wed, 13 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) regulates the blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II and bradykinin to bradykinin 1-7. These two reactions elevate the blood pressure as angiotensin II...Govindasamy Mugesh, Bhaskar J Bhuyan ( from Org. Biomol. Chem.) Govindasamy Mugesh, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1OB05148B To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above. The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry)

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Effect of peptide-based captopril analogues on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration

RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry — Wed, 13 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Introduction of a phenylalanine residue enhances the ACE inhibition activity of captopril analogues suggesting the presence of a phenylalanine binding pocket.Bhaskar J. Bhuyan, Govindasamy Mugesh ( from Org. Biomol. Chem.) Bhaskar J. Bhuyan, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1OB05148B To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above. The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Organic Biomolecular Chemistry)

From snake venom toxins to therapeutics - Cardiovascular examples.

Toxicon — Sat, 02 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Koh CY, Kini RM Snakes have fascinated the imaginations of people since the dawn of civilization. Their deadly venoms cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, and strike fear in most of us. Snake venoms contain a huge variety of molecules affecting vital physiological systems, and scientists are turning some of these life-threatening toxins into a source of life-saving therapeutics. Since the approval of captopril - the first drug based on snake venom protein - more than 30 years ago, snake venom toxins have become a valuable natural pharmacopeia of bioactive molecules that provide lead compounds for the development of new drugs. Many toxins are being explored and developed into drugs for the treatment of conditions such as hypertension, thrombosis and cancer. A nu...

Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions as Causes of Hospital Admission in Oncology

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Approximately one in 10 unplanned hospitalizations of cancer patients is associated with an ADE. Prospective and population-based studies are warranted to evaluate their magnitude in oncology. (Source: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management)

Selectivity of Inhibition of N-Succinyl-l,l-Diaminopimelic Acid Desuccinylase in Bacteria: The product of dapE-gene Is Not the Target of l-Captopril Antimicrobial Activity

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:57:45 +0100

The emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to virtually all currently available antibiotics underscores the importance of developing new antimicrobial compounds. N-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) is a metallohydrolase involved in the meso-diaminopimelate (mDAP)/lysine biosynthetic pathway necessary for lysine biosynthesis and for building the peptidoglycan cell wall. Because DapE is essential for Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, DapE has been proposed as a good target for antibiotic development. Recently, l-captopril has been suggested as a lead compound for inhibition of DapE, although its selectivity for this enzyme target in bacteria remains unclear (Gillner et al. (2009)). Here, we tested the selectivity of l-captopril against DapE in bact...

Lichen planus pemphigoides induced by a weight reduction drug.

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology — Wed, 23 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of a 41-year-old woman with LPP associated with a weight reduction drug. PMID: 21428725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology)

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Protective Effects of Rutin on Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells Cultured in High Glucose Conditions

Phytotherapy Research — Mon, 21 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

The protective effect of rutin on the glomerulosclerosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat mesangial cells was investigated. The cultured mesangial cells were divided into eight groups: normal, solvent control, high glucose, low dose of rutin, moderate dose of rutin, high dose of rutin, captopril and Ginkgo biloba extract. The cell cycles, type IV collagen and laminin in cytoplasm, TGF‐β1 mRNA of mesangial cells, Smad 2/3 and Smad 7, and the activities of four antioxidant indexes including T‐SOD, MDA, CAT and GSH‐Px were measured by flow cytometry, radioimmunoassay, RT‐PCR, western blotting and visible spectrophotometry, respectively. Compared with the high glucose group, rutin decreased the cell percentages of the G0/G1 phase and inhibited the expression of Smad 2/3, laminin an...

Primary aldosteronism, diagnosis and treatment in Japan

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders — Sat, 19 Mar 2011 06:35:53 +0100

Abstract Primary aldosteronism (PA) has been recognized as a common cause of secondary hypertension and accounts for approximately 5–15% of the hypertensive population in Japan. Screening for PA should therefore be carried out in all hypertensive patients as we have shown the estimated prevalence of PA is 13.6% in pre-hypertensive subjects and 9.1% in stage 1 hypertensive patients. The screening test most advocated is the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR), and when the ARR is >20 the following confirmatory tests should be carried out; the captopril challenge test, frusemide-upright test, or saline infusion test. Adrenal CT is not accurate for distinguishing between an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Adrenal venous sampling (...

Pulse Width Modulation Electro-Acupuncture on Cardiovascular Remodeling and Plasma Nitric Oxide in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sun, 13 Mar 2011 14:59:32 +0100

This study was designed to investigate the effect of pulse width modulation electro-acupuncture (PWM-EA) on cardiovascular remodeling and nitric oxide (NO) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thirty-four male SHR were randomly divided into control, captopril, and two PWM-EA groups, which were treated with 350 Hz (SHR-350 Hz) and whole audio bandwith electro-acupuncture (SHR-WAB group) respectively, on the ST 36 point located on the outside of the hind leg. Systolic blood pressure (BP), plasma and myocardial NO were measured. Histological studies were also performed on the aortic wall and the left ventricle. The BP in the SHR-350 Hz, SHR-WAB and the captopril groups was lower than in the control group following the treatment (P < .05). The average aortic medi...

Captopril: Acute renal failure in a neonate: case report

Reactions — Sun, 06 Mar 2011 17:02:10 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Regulation of L-type inward calcium channel activity by captopril and angiotensin II via the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway in cardiomyocytes from volume-overload hypertrophied rat hearts.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This study evaluates the control of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) by the Ang II/PI3K pathway in hypertrophied ventricular myocytes from volume-overload rats using the perforated patch-clamp technique. To assess activation of the ICa,L in cardiomyocytes, voltages of 350 ms in 10 mV increments from a holding potential of -85 mV were applied to cardiocytes, with a pre-pulse to -45 mV for 300 ms. Volume overload-induced hypertrophy reduces ICa,L, whereas addition of Ang II alleviates the hypertrophic-induced decrease in a PI3K-dependent manner. Acute administration of Ang II (10-6 mol/L) to normal adult cardiomyocytes had no effect; however, captopril reduced their basal ICa,L. In parallel, captopril regressed the hypertrophy and inverted the Ang II effect on ICa,L seemingly through a PI3K up...

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Erratum

Experimental Hematology — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In the article entitled “Timing of Captopril Administration Determines Radiation Protection or Radiation Sensitization in a Murine Model of Total Body Irradiation” by Davis et al. (Exp Hematol. 2010;38:270−281), the authors wish to make the following correction of the units for captopril administration to mice. (Source: Experimental Hematology)

Re: Davis et al., “Timing of captopril administration determines radiation protection or radiation sensitization in a murine model of total body irradiation”

Experimental Hematology — Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We read with great interest the article by Davis et al. , which reported that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril dramatically increased radiation-induced hematopoietic lethality when used in mice before 7.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) and dramatically decreased it when given after TBI. Davis et al. note that we found that “captopril failed to provide bone marrow protection in rats when administration was initiated 7 days prior to irradiation and continued for 28 days after irradiation.” It is correct that we found no effect, beneficial or detrimental, in this schedule in rats, but the possibility arose that in our 1993 study , a beneficial effect of pre-TBI therapy was negated by a detrimental effect of post-TBI therapy. (Source: Experimental Hematology)

Response to Moulder et al., “Re: Davis et al., ‘Timing of captopril administration determines radiation protection or radiation sensitization in a murine model of total body irradiation’”

Experimental Hematology — Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We thank Dr. Moulder and colleagues for their interest in our recent work, “Timing of Captopril Administration Determines Radiation Protection or Radiation Sensitization in a Murine Model of Total Body Irradiation” . In our article, we demonstrated that the timing of captopril treatment relative to exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) differentially affects the viability and repopulation capacity of spared hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in either radiation protection or radiation sensitization. Captopril treatment beginning 1 hour post-irradiation and continuing for 30 days resulted in 100% survival from a radiation dose that in untreated mice results in only 50% survival after 30 days (LD50/30), with improved recovery of mature blood cells and multilineage hematopoietic proge...

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Anti-Hypertensive Agents: Influence on Interleukin-1β Secretion by Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Patients with Essential Hypertension.

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nemati F, Rahbar-Roshandel N, Hosseini F, Mahmoudian M, Shafiei M The effects of clinically relevant concentrations of anti-hypertensive agents on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) secretion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were investigated in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of IL-1β by PMNs from 15 hypertensive and 15 normotensive subjects after incubation with losartan, captopril, amlodipine, atenolol, and hydrochlorothiazide were assessed. IL-1β secretion by PMNs markedly increased in hypertensive patients versus normotensive subjects. Losartan, captopril, and amlodipine caused a concentration-dependent attenuation of IL-1β levels in both groups. Losartan, captopril, and amlodipine demonstrated marked in vitro anti-inflammator...

Assessment of liquid captopril formulations used in children

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Unlicensed captopril formulations are not bioequivalent to the licensed tablet form, or to each other, and so cannot be assumed to behave similarly in therapeutic use. Thus formulation substitution must be done with care and may require a period of increased monitoring of the patient. There is also significant within-subject variability in performance which has clinical implications with respect to titrating to an optimum therapeutic dose. (Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)

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Captopril modulates acetylcholinesterase in human keratinocytes

Archives of Dermatological Research — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 09:25:10 +0100

In this study we investigated the effect of captopril, an ACE-inhibitor, on acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine secretion in human keratinocytes. We analyzed the level of acetylcholinesterase in HaCat and NHEK cells by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. In addition, the effect of captopril on AChE activity was evaluated. We found that captopril induces a strong AChE up-regulation leading to ACh degradation and reduced secretion. Our results suggest that acantholysis induced by ACE-inhibitors might be linked to altered level of Ach. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00403-011-1124-1Authors Adone Baroni, Department of Dermatology, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyElisabetta Buommino, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Cl...

Hypertensive Emergencies in Children

Indian Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 01:08:35 +0100

This article provides a summary of the clinical approach to evaluation and management of severe symptomatic hypertension in children. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s12098-010-0297-5Authors Pankaj Hari, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 IndiaAditi Sinha, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 India Journal Indian Journal of PediatricsOnline ISSN 0973-7693Print ISSN 0019-5456 (Source: Indian Journal of Pediatrics)

Captopril: Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Mon, 24 Jan 2011 17:42:36 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Captopril induced reversible acute renal failure in a premature neonate with double outlet right ventricle and congestive heart failure.

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP — Thu, 20 Jan 2011 18:45:32 +0100

Authors: Tan LH, Du LZ, Carr MR, Kuzin JK, Moffett BS, Chang AC captopril is well tolerated in most patients. There is no report of acute deterioration in renal function after administration of captopril in neonates with congestive heart failure secondary to congenital heart defects with large left-to-right shunts. PMID: 21191783 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP)

The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE-Inhibitor) Captopril Decreases Postoperative Intraabdominal Adhesions By Targeting Oxidative Stress Pathways

Journal of Surgical Research — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 20:26:43 +0100

Introduction: Intraabdominal adhesions are a major source of morbidity and our understanding of their formation remains incomplete. Our laboratory has previously shown that both reduced peritoneal fibrinolysis and inflammation with its ensuing oxidative stress to be implicated in adhesiogenesis following abdominal surgery. The balance between tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), both involved in fibrinolytic activity has been shown to be modulated by the renin-angiotensin system. We therefore hypothesized that captopril, a well-known antihypertensive agent with an antioxidant sulfhydryl moiety, could reduce adhesions. We also examined whether lisinopril, an ACE-inhibitor without an antioxidant sulfhydryl group, could also reduce a...

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Drug hypersensitivity syndrome

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology — Thu, 06 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Rashmi Kumari, Dependra K Timshina, Devinder Mohan ThappaIndian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 2011 77(1):7-15Drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) is an adverse drug reaction commonly associated with the aromatic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), viz., phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), phenobarbital (PB), lamotrigine, primidone, etc. It can also be caused by other drugs, such as sulfonamides, dapsone, minocycline, gold derivatives, cyclosporine, captopril, diltiazem, terbinafine, azathioprine and allopurinol. Diagnosis of DHS may be difficult because of the variety of clinical and laboratory abnormalities and manifestations and because the syndrome may mimic infectious, neoplastic or collagen vascular disorders. The risk for developing hypersensitivity within 60 days of t...

Cardiovascular responses elicited by a new endogenous angiotensin in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat

AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology — Mon, 03 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Cardiovascular effects of angiotensin-(1–12) [ANG-(1–12)] were studied in the medial nucleus of the tractus solitarius (mNTS) in anesthetized, artificially ventilated, adult male Wistar rats. Microinjections (100 nl) of ANG-(1–12) (0.06 mM) into the mNTS elicited maximum decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP; 34 ± 5.8 mmHg) and heart rate (HR; 39 ± 3.7 beats/min). Bilateral vagotomy abolished ANG-(1–12)-induced bradycardia. Efferent greater splanchnic nerve activity was decreased by microinjections of ANG-(1–12) into the mNTS. Blockade of ANG type 1 receptors (AT1Rs; using ZD-7155 or L-158,809), but not ANG type 2 receptors (AT2Rs; using PD-123319), significantly attenuated ANG-(1–12)-induced cardiovascular responses. Simultaneous inhibi...

Captopril and losartan for mitigation of renal injury caused by single-dose total-body irradiation.

Radiation Research — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Moulder JE, Cohen EP, Fish BL It is known that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers (ARBs) can be used to mitigate radiation-induced renal injury. However, for a variety of reasons, these previous results are not directly applicable to the development of agents for the mitigation of injuries caused by terrorism-related radiation exposure. As part of an effort to develop an animal model that would fit the requirements of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "Animal Efficacy Rule", we designed new studies which used an FDA-approved ACEI (captopril) or an FDA-approved ARB (losartan, Cozaar®) started 10 days after a single total-body irradiation (TBI) at drug doses that are equivalent (on a g/m(2)/day basis) to the do...

[Risk factors and subjective symptoms of drug-induced leucopenia].

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hayashi K, Ohtsu F, Yano R, Sakakibara J, Goto N The present study investigated risk factors and subjective symptoms associated with drug-induced leucopenia. We selected 248 patients with drug-induced leucopenia from the Case Reports of Adverse Drug Reactions and Poisoning Information System (CARPIS) database of over 47000 case reports of adverse drug reactions and assigned them to a case group. We also randomly selected 743 cases of adverse drug reactions not associated with leucopenia as a control group. A comparison of patient characteristic data between the two groups using logistic-regression analysis revealed that female sex, autoimmune disease and renal damage were background risk factors for drug-induced leucopenia. In addition, thiamazole, ritodrine, propylthiouracil,...

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Bj-PRO-5a, a natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, promotes vasodilatation mediated by both bradykinin B(2) and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Biochemical Pharmacology — Fri, 24 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Morais KL, Hayashi MA, Bruni FM, Lopes-Ferreira M, Camargo AC, Ulrich H, Lameu C Bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) or proline-rich oligopeptides (PROs) isolated from the venom glands of Bothrops jararaca (Bj) were the first natural inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) described. Bj-PRO-5a (<EKWAP), a member of this structurally related peptide family, was essential for the development of captopril, the first site-directed ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of human hypertension. Nowadays, more Bj-PROs have been identified with higher ACE inhibition potency compared to Bj-PRO-5a. However, despite its modest inhibitory effect of ACE inhibition, Bj-PRO-5a reveals strong bradykinin-potentiating activity, suggesting the participation of other mechanisms ...

The use of experimental design in the development of an HPLC-ECD method for the analysis of captopril.

Talanta — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 18:51:38 +0100

Authors: Khamanga SM, Walker RB An accurate, sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method that was developed and validated for captopril (CPT) is presented. Separation was achieved using a Phenomenex(®) Luna 5μm (C(18)) column and a mobile phase comprised of phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 3.0): acetonitrile in a ratio of 70:30 (v/v). Detection was accomplished using a full scan multi channel ESA Coulometric detector in the "oxidative-screen" mode with the upstream electrode (E(1)) set at +600mV and the downstream (analytical) electrode (E(2)) set at +950mV, while the potential of the guard cell was maintained at +1050mV. The detector gain was set at 300. Experimental design using central composite design (CCD) was used to...

Angiotensin1-9 antagonises pro-hypertrophic signalling in cardiomyocytes via the angiotensin type 2 receptor.

The Journal of Physiology — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Flores-Muñoz M, Smith NJ, Haggerty C, Milligan G, Nicklin SA The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates blood pressure mainly via the actions of angiotensin II (AngII), generated via angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The ACE homologue, ACE2 metabolizes AngII to Ang1-7, decreasing AngII and increasing Ang1-7 which counteracts AngII activity via the Mas receptor. However, ACE2 also converts AngI to Ang1-9, a poorly characterised peptide which can be further converted to Ang1-7 via ACE. Ang1-9 stimulates bradykinin release in endothelium and has antihypertrophic actions in the heart, attributed to it being a competitive inhibitor of ACE, leading to decreased AngII, rather than increased Ang1-7. To date no direct receptor-mediated effects of Ang1-9 have been described. To fu...

[Protective effects of captopril against lung injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.]

Journal of Southern Medical University — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Captopril can ameliorate SAP-induced lung injury in rats. PMID: 21177195 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Southern Medical University)

Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System Ameliorates Apelin Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 15:55:36 +0100

Conclusions Our study suggests that RAS blockers achieve their beneficial effects by their enhancement of adipocyte secretion of apelin. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10557-010-6274-4Authors Wei-Wen Hung, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanTusty-Jiuan Hsieh, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanTzu Lin, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanPong-Chun Chou, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, TaiwanPi-Jung Hsiao, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, D...

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Captopril modulates hypoxia-inducible factors and erythropoietin responses in a murine model of total body irradiation

Experimental Hematology — Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In nonirradiated mice, captopril biphasically regulates EPO via HIF activation. TBI ablates erythroid progenitors, resulting in hypoxia, HIF activation, and increased EPO expression that are modulated by captopril treatment. These data suggest that short-term suppression of radiation-induced EPO immediately after TBI is favorable for erythroid recovery. (Source: Experimental Hematology)

CAPTOPRIL AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDEtablet [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 10 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 10, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Impaired relaxation of cerebral arteries in the absence of elevated salt intake in normotensive congenic rats carrying the Dahl salt-sensitive renin gene

AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology — Thu, 02 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl SS) rats and three different congenic strains that contain a portion of Brown Norway (BN) chromosome 13 introgressed onto the Dahl SS genetic background through marker-assisted breeding. Two of the congenic strains carry a 3.5-Mbp portion and a 2.6-Mbp portion of chromosome 13 that lie on opposite sides of the renin locus, while the third contains a 2.0-Mbp overlapping region that includes the BN renin allele. While maintained on a normal salt (0.4% NaCl) diet, MCAs from Dahl SS rats and the congenic strains retaining the Dahl SS renin allele failed to dilate in response to ACh, whereas MCAs from the congenic strain carr...

Effect of Captopril and Telmisartan on Anti-contractile Property of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Lost after Hypoxia in Rat Mesenteric Small Resistance Arteries

Artery Research — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

It has been previously demonstrated that inflammation in adipose tissue may be implicated in vascular dysfunction.Adipocytes secrete adiponectin, a physiological modulator of local vascular tone through an increased nitric oxide bioavailability.This capacity is lost in obesity by the development of adipocyte hypertrophy,leading to hypoxia,inflammation, and oxidative stress. (Source: Artery Research)

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Skeletal muscle-endothelial cell cross talk through angiotensin II

AJP: Cell Physiology — Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We examined the capacity of ANG II to stimulate capillary formation and growth during cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration in ACE inhibitor-treated ANG II type 1a receptor knockout (AT1a–/–) and C57Bl/6 control mice. Analysis of tibialis anterior (TA) cross-sections revealed 17% and 23% reductions in capillarization in AT1a–/– and captopril treated mice, respectively, when compared with controls, 21 days postinjury. Conversely, no differences in capillarization were detected at early time points (7 and 10 days). These results identify ANG II as a regulator of angiogenesis but not vasculogenesis in vivo. In vitro angiogenesis assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) further confirmed ANG II as proangiogeneic as 71% and 124% increases in tube lengt...

Differences in Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme (ACE) Activity and Expression May Contribute to Shorter Event Free Period After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Cardiovascular Therapeutics — Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: ACE‐inhibitor therapy targeting tissue located ACE may be beneficial to patients with saphenous vein grafts after CABG surgery. (Source: Cardiovascular Therapeutics)

Effects of Angiotensin III on Protein, DNA, and Collagen Synthesis of Neonatal Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Fibroblasts In Vitro

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study compared angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin III (Ang III) for their effects on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts in vitro and discussed the possible role of Ang III in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. To do so, protein synthesis, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and secretion in response to treatment with Ang III and Ang II were investigated. Protein synthesis rate was assessed by 3H-Leucine (3H-Leu) incorporation; the content of DNA was defined by 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation; and collagen synthesis and secretion were assessed by 3H-proline (3H-Pro) incorporation. In neonatal cardiomyocytes, Ang III stimulated protein synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas in neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, DNA synthesis as...

Cardiovascular responses elicited by a new endogenous angiotensin in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology — Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chitravanshi VC, Sapru HN Cardiovascular effects of angiotensin-(1-12) (Ang-(1-12) were studied in the medial nucleus of the tractus solitarius (mNTS) in anesthetized, artificially ventilated, adult male Wistar rats. Microinjections (100 nl) of Ang-(1-12) (0.06 mM) into the mNTS elicited maximum decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (34 ± 5.8 mmHg) and heart rate (HR) (39 ± 3.7 bpm). Bilateral vagotomy abolished Ang-(1-12)-induced bradycardia. Efferent greater splanchnic nerve activity was decreased by microinjections of Ang-(1-12) into the mNTS. Blockade of angiotensin type 1 receptors (AT1Rs; using ZD7155 or L-158,809), but not angiotensin type 2 receptors (AT2Rs; using PD123319), significantly attenuated Ang-(1-12)-induced cardiovascular responses. Simultaneous inhibi...

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Optimization of cell-based assays to quantify the anti-inflammatory/allergic potential of test substances in 96-well format

Inflammopharmacology — Thu, 11 Nov 2010 06:57:46 +0100

Conclusion The results proclaim that these cell-based assays can act as ideal tools for screening new anti-inflammatory/anti-allergic compounds. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10787-010-0065-1Authors C. V. Chandrasekaran, Department of Cellular Assay, R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560100 IndiaR. Edwin Jothie, Department of Cellular Assay, R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560100 IndiaPreeti Kapoor, Department of Cellular Assay, R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, Plot No. 5B, Veerasandra Industrial Area, 19th K. M. Stone, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560100 IndiaAnumita Gupta, Depart...

Plasma Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and p-Selectin Levels in Urgent Hypertension: Effect of Single Dose Captopril and Nifedipin on Fibrinolytic Activity.

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension — Wed, 03 Nov 2010 01:40:04 +0100

In this study, we primarily aimed to identify the acute effects of hypertension on fibrinolytic function in previously untreated urgent hypertensive patients and to evaluate the influence of two commonly used, short-acting, anti-hypertensive agents, captopril and nifedipine, in these patients. Patient groups were selected homogeneously, i.e., only previously untreated patients amidst an urgent hypertensive episode and having no co-morbid disease were included-and randomly assigned to receive either captopril or nifedipine for immediate management. These two treatment groups were matched for age, gender, and mean arterial blood pressure. Study results demonstrated that lowering blood pressure with either agent improved fibrinolytic function; however, in those patients given captopril, this ...

Augmented cyclooxygenase-2 effects on renal function during varying states of angiotensin II

AJP: Renal Physiology — Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage has long revealed renoprotective prostaglandin actions on the renal microvasculature during increased pressor hormone influence, but whether increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression supports prostaglandin vasodilatory influence by interfering with the actions of ANG II remains unresolved. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that COX-2 inhibition causes hemodynamic and excretory effects that are increased in proportion to ANG II activity. In anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats having augmented cortical COX-2 expression but different ANG II activity, we conducted renal clearance experiments during acute inhibition of COX-2 with nimesulide (NMSLD) and inhibition of COX-1 with SC-560. In one series of experiments, acute captopril [acute angiotensin-con...

Olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract effective in patients with stage-1 hypertension: Comparison with Captopril

Phytomedicine — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, Olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract, at the dosage regimen of 500mg twice daily, was similarly effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressures in subjects with stage-1 hypertension as Captopril, given at its effective dose of 12.5–25mg twice daily. (Source: Phytomedicine)

Effect of Captopril and Age in Chinese Cardiovascular Patients

Australasian Medical Journal - AMJ — Thu, 28 Oct 2010 02:40:29 +0100

Conclusion Survival with Captopril is more in elderly Chinese patients then young reflecting that ACE-inhibitors in proper dosage play a real beneficial role among elderly after acute MI. (Source: Australasian Medical Journal - AMJ)

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Effects of captopril on the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer in the rat.

Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology — Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study was performed on 3 groups of 7 rats each: saline, cysteamine and cysteamine plus captopril treated groups. The effect of captopril against cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer is determined by evaluating the duodenal damage, duodenal tissue SOD and GSH-PX activities and plasma MDA level. All animals were euthanized 24h after the last treatment and 2ml blood and duodena samples were collected for calculation of ulcer index, histopathological assessment and measurement of tissue SOD, GSH-PX activities and plasma MDA level. Cysteamine produced severe duodenal damage, decreased the activity of duodenal tissue SOD and GSH-PX and increased the plasma MDA level compared with saline pretreated rats. Pretreatment with captopril decreased the cysteamine-induced duodenal damage and plasma lev...

Captopril increases the intensity of monocyte infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and induces human T helper type 17 cells

Clinical and Experimental Immunology — Sat, 23 Oct 2010 23:41:57 +0100

Summary (Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology)

Captopril increases the intensity of monocyte infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and induces human T helper type 17 cells.

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Wed, 20 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Coelho Dos Santos JS, Menezes CA, Villani FN, Magalhães LM, Scharfstein J, Gollob KJ, Dutra WO The anti-hypertensive drug captopril is used commonly to reduce blood pressure of patients with severe forms of Chagas disease, a cardiomyopathy caused by chronic infection with the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Captopril acts by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the vasopressor metallopeptidase that generates angiotensin II and promotes the degradation of bradykinin (BK). Recent studies in mice models of Chagas disease indicated that captopril can potentiate the T helper type 1 (Th1)-directing natural adjuvant property of BK. Equipped with kinin-releasing cysteine proteases, T. cruzi trypomastigotes were shown previously to invade non-professional phagocy...

Non-invasive investigations of potential renal artery stenosis in renal insufficiency

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Mon, 18 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. CTA and MRA are superior to ultrasound and captopril renography at diagnosing morphological stenosis, but ultrasound may be useful as a screening method and captopril renography for verifying renin-dependent hypertension. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

The acute administration of either amiloride or captopril does not prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion in the human forearm vasculature.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Luca MC, Liuni A, Difabio J, Gori T, Parker JD Animal studies have demonstrated the ability of both sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to reduce infarct size and preserve postischemic ventricular function following ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. Whether these interventions can also prevent IR-induced impairment of endothelial function in humans has not been investigated. We performed 2 separate double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies. In the first study, 10 healthy volunteers were randomized to receive oral amiloride (10 mg) or a placebo. In a separate study, another group of volunteers (n = 10) was randomized to receive oral captopril (50 mg) or a placebo. At the time of the peak hemodynamic effect of the drug...

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Skeletal muscle-endothelial cell crosstalk through angiotensin II.

Am J Physiol Cell Ph... — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

We examined the capacity of Ang II to stimulate capillary formation and growth during cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration in ACE inhibitor treated, AngII type 1a receptor knockout (AT1a(-/-)) and C57Bl/6 control mice. Analysis of tibialis anterior (TA) cross-sections revealed 15% and 22% reductions in capillarization in AT1a(-/-) and captopril treated mice, respectively, compared to controls, 21d post-injury. Conversely, no differences in capillarization were detected at early time-points (7d and 10d). These results identify Ang II as a regulator of angiogenesis but not vasculogenesis in vivo. In vitro angiogenesis assays of HUVECs further confirmed Ang II as proangiogeneic as 71% and 124% increases in tube length and branch point number were observed following Ang II treatment. Import...

BBC news report: Unlicensed "specials" cost NHS £160 million

NeLM - News — Mon, 20 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Source: BBC Health News Area: News According to a BBC news report, wholesalers are inflating the price of "unlicensed specials", sometimes by thousands of percent, and annual savings of nearly £72 million could be made if all specials were limited to £75 an item. In England, the cost of specials to the NHS has gone up from £57 million to £160.5 million in just four years. Using Freedom of Information legislation, the BBC obtained data showing that the NHS in Coventry has paid anything from £50 to £1,556 for Captopril Liquid Special 25mg/5mls. The head of pharmacy at Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, said: "when we have received these large mark ups, we have asked the NHS Counter Fraud Office to look at it, but they have told us that it is within the law." The specia...

The frequency of factor V Leiden mutation, ACE gene polymorphism, serum ACE activity and response to ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist drugs in Iranians type II diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.

Molecular Biology Reports — Sat, 18 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rahimi Z, Felehgari V, Rahimi M, Mozafari H, Yari K, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rezaei M, Malek-Khosravi S, Khazaie H The aim of present study was to determine if factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation and angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) among Kurdish population from Western Iran. This case-control study comprised 144 unrelated adult type 2 diabetic mellitus patients (T2DM) including 72 patients with microalbuminuria and 72 age and sex matched patients without nephropathy. The ACE I/D polymorphism and FVL mutation were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-RFLP, respectively. The frequency of FVL G1691A and ACE D allele in T2DM patients with microalbuminuria were 1.6 and 57%, respectively and in ...

Impaired relaxation of cerebral arteries in the absence of elevated salt intake in normotensive congenic rats carrying the dahl salt-sensitive renin gene.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology — Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This study evaluated endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl SS) rats and three different congenic strains that contain a portion of Brown Norway (BN) chromosome 13 introgressed onto the Dahl SS genetic background through marker-assisted breeding. Two of the congenic strains carry a 3.5 Mbp portion and a 2.6 Mbp portion of chromosome 13 that lie on opposite sides of the renin locus, while the third contains a 2.0 Mbp overlapping region that includes the BN renin allele. While maintained on a normal salt (NS-0.4% NaCl) diet, MCAs from Dahl SS rats and the congenic strains retaining the Dahl SS renin allele failed to dilate in response to ACh, whereas MCAs from the congenic strain c...

Vitamin D inhibits captopril-induced cell detachment and apoptosis in keratinocytes.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Wed, 15 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:â The results of this study show that calcitriol protects keratinocytes from captopril-induced cell detachment and apoptosis. PMID: 20846310 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

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Effects of captopril and telmisartan on matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expressions and development of left ventricular fibrosis induced by isoprenaline in rats.

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 21:12:03 +0100

Authors: Okada M, Kosaka N, Hoshino Y, Yamawaki H, Hara Y The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade by captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, and telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions and development of left ventricular (LV) fibrosis induced by isoprenaline in rats. Rats were treated with subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (5 mg/kg/d) and with oral administration of captopril (30 mg/kg/d) or telmisartan (3 mg/kg/d) for 1 or 7 d. Hearts were excised at the day 2 and day 8. Degree of fibrosis was evaluated by Azan staining. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were analyzed by Western blotting. Localization of MMP-9 expression in LV section was detec...

ACE gene polymorphism and serum ACE activity in Iranians type II diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Felehgari V, Rahimi Z, Mozafari H, Vaisi-Raygani A There are controversial results related to the contribution of insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in the development of diabetic nephropathy. To assess the distribution of this polymorphism in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy we studied 140 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients from the Kermanshah Province of Iran with ethnic background of Kurds including 68 patients with macroalbuminuria and 72 normoalbuinuric diabetic patients as controls. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequency of D allele in nephropathic and normoalbuminuric patients were 69.1 and 58.3%, respectively (PÂ =Â 0.061). In individuals with DD genotype the risk of macr...

Effects of TJN-598, a new selective phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor on anti-Thy1 nephritis in rats

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology — Tue, 07 Sep 2010 06:29:43 +0100

Conclusion These results suggest that TJN-598, a PDEIV inhibitor, is effective against expansion of mesangial cells, via the suppression of secretion of TGF-β1 and TNF-α from inflamed glomeruli. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10157-010-0342-8Authors Chiharu Sadakane, Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, JapanYoshio Kase, Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, JapanJunichi Koseki, Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, JapanYoshihiro Hasegawa, Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, JapanShoichiro Shindo, Tsumura Research Laborator...

(E)-N-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)]-N-methyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-2-propenamide (TJN-331) inhibits mesangial expansion in experimental IgA nephropathy in ddY mice

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology — Fri, 03 Sep 2010 17:15:37 +0100

Conclusion These results suggest that TJN-331 is effective against IgA nephropathy in ddY mice and acts via suppression of TGF-β1 production in glomeruli. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10157-010-0338-4Authors Yayoi Saegusa, Division of Pharmasciences, Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12 W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 JapanChiharu Sadakane, Division of Pharmasciences, Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12 W6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 JapanJunichi Koseki, Tsumura & Co., Tsumura Research Laboratories, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192 JapanYoshihiro Hasegawa, Tsumura & Co., Tsumura Research...

Potential of garlic and its active constituent, S-allyl cysteine, as antihypertensive and cardioprotective in presence of captopril

Phytomedicine — Wed, 25 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This study may represent an advertence on concomitant use of garlic or its bioactive constituent, SACS, with captopril. (Source: Phytomedicine)

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Renin angiotensin system blockade in kidney transplantation: a systematic review of the evidence

NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews — Sun, 22 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: This review evaluated the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use following kidney transplantation. The authors found that treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker produced clinically conflicting results of reductions in proteinuria, haematocrit and glomerular filtration rate in renal transplant recipients. These conclusions seemed sufficiently cautious. [The included interventions were benazapril, candesartan, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, losartan, perindopril, quinapril, trandolapril and valsartan.] CRD Commentary: The research question was clear with supporting inclusion criteria for participants, interven...

Captopril potentiates the anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine and lamotrigine in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure model

Journal of Neural Transmission — Mon, 16 Aug 2010 18:03:52 +0100

This study was accompanied by an evaluation of adverse effects of combined treatment with captopril and antiepileptic drugs in the passive avoidance task and chimney test. Captopril (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) did not influence the threshold for electroconvulsions. Among the tested antiepileptics, captopril (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the antiseizure action of CBZ, decreasing its ED50 value from 12.1 to 8.9 and 8.7 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, captopril (50 mg/kg i.p.) enhanced the anticonvulsant activity of LTG. ED50 value for LTG was lowered from 5.1 to 3.5 mg/kg. The observed interactions between captopril and CBZ or LTG were pharmacodynamic in nature as captopril did not alter plasma and total brain concentrations of these antiepileptics. The combinati...

Renal effects of Mammea africana Sabine (Guttiferae) stem bark methanol/methylene chloride extract on L-NAME hypertensive rats

Indian Journal of Pharmacology — Sat, 14 Aug 2010 05:44:47 +0100

Conclusions : The above results suggest that the methanol/methylene chloride extract of the stem bark of M. africana may protect kidney against renal dysfunction and further demonstrate that its antihypertensive effect does not depend on a diuretic or natriuretic activity. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)

Captopril improves osteopenia in ovariectomized rats and promotes bone formation in osteoblasts

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Thu, 05 Aug 2010 13:25:51 +0100

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), on bone loss in aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats and its impact on the differentiation of cultured primary osteoblasts. Ten-month-old female Sprague–Dawley rats were used for the study. After 2 months post ovariectomy (OVX), the rats were treated with captopril (1 or 5 mg/kg/day, respectively) for another 2 months. At endpoint, trabecular bone of the fourth lumbar vertebrae (L4) was undecalcified and examined by bone histomorphometry; the fifth lumbar vertebrae (L5) were examined by compression test. Primary osteoblasts were isolated from the calvaria of newborn rats and treated with different concentrations of captopril in a dif...

The exenatide analogue AC3174 attenuates hypertension, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Cardiovascular Diabetology — Mon, 02 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Background: Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors improves insulin sensitivity and induces vasodilatation and diuresis. AC3174 is a peptide analogue with pharmacologic properties similar to the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exenatide. Hypothetically, chronic AC3174 treatment could attenuate salt-induced hypertension, cardiac morbidity, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Methods: DSS rats were fed low salt (LS, 0.3% NaCl) or high salt (HS, 8% NaCl) diets. HS rats were treated with vehicle, AC3174 (1.7 pmol/kg/min), or GLP-1 (25 pmol/kg/min) for 4 weeks via subcutaneous infusion. Other HS rats received captopril (150 mg/kg/day) or AC3174 plus captopril. Results: HS rat survival was improved by all treatments except GLP-1. Systolic blood p...

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Myocardial Calcification and Hypertension following Chronic Renal Failure and Ameliorative Effects of Furosemide and Captopril

Karger Publishers — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Cardiology 2010;116:194â205 (DOI:10.1159/000315146) (Source: Karger Publishers)

Augmented Cyclooxygenase-2 Effects on Renal Function During Varying States of Angiotensin II Activity.

Am J Physiol Renal P... — Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Green T, Rodriguez J, Navar LG NSAID usage has long revealed renoprotective prostaglandin actions on the renal microvasculature during increased pressor hormone influence, but whether increased COX-2 expression supports prostaglandin vasodilatory influence by interfering with the actions of angiotensin II (AngII) remains unresolved. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that COX-2 inhibition causes hemodynamic and excretory effects that are increased in proportion to AngII activity. In anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats having augmented cortical COX-2 expression but different AngII activity, we conducted renal clearance experiments during acute inhibition of COX-2 with nimesulide (NMSLD) and COX-1 with SC-560. One series received acute captopril either alone (aACEi; n=13) or in co...

Glomerular filtration rate measured by 51Cr-EDTA clearance: evaluation of captopril-induced changes in hypertensive patients with and without renal artery stenosis

Clinics — Sat, 24 Jul 2010 05:59:07 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Captopril induced a decrease in the GFR that could be quantitatively measured with 51Cr-EDTA. The reduction is more pronounced in hypertensive patients with RAS. (Source: Clinics)

The effects of poststroke captopril and losartan treatment on cerebral blood flow autoregulation in SHRsp with hemorrhagic stroke

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow — Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: John S Smeda & Noriko Daneshtalab (Source: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow)

Medida da filtração glomerular determinada por EDTA-51Cr antes e após a administração de captopril: avaliação de pacientes hipertensos com ou sem estenose de artéria renal

Radiologia Brasileira — Sat, 17 Jul 2010 06:44:46 +0100

Os styloideum é um ossículo acessório, imóvel, localizado dorsalmente no carpo, que representa uma variante anatômica. A associação entre os styloideum e dor no punho é conhecida clinicamente como "carpal boss syndrome". Os autores relatam um caso de os styloideum com edema ósseo trabecular no estudo por ressonância magnética em atleta jovem tenista, com revisão da literatura deste achado.Os styloideum is an accessory ossicle located dorsally on the wrist that represents an anatomic variant. Association between the os styloideum and wrist pain is clinically known as "carpal boss syndrome". The authors report a case of bone marrow edema in the os styloideum diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in a young tennis player, and present a literature review on this finding. (Source:...

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Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibition Down-regulates the Pro-atherogenic Chemokine Receptor 9 (CCR9)-Chemokine Ligand 25 (CCL25) Axis [Molecular Bases Of Disease]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 16 Jul 2010 13:36:47 +0100

Many experimental and clinical studies suggest a relationship between enhanced angiotensin II release by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The atherosclerosis-enhancing effects of angiotensin II are complex and incompletely understood. To identify anti-atherogenic target genes, we performed microarray gene expression profiling of the aorta during atherosclerosis prevention with the ACE inhibitor, captopril. Atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice were used as a model to decipher susceptible genes regulated during atherosclerosis prevention with captopril. Microarray gene expression profiling and immunohistology revealed that captopril treatment for 7 months strongly decreased the recruitment of pro-atherogenic immune ce...

Fatal myocardial rupture after acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: The VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion Trial (VALIANT)

American Heart Journal — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Although rare, myocardial rupture accounted for nearly one fourth of all deaths within the first 30 days after high-risk MI, suggesting an estimated incidence of approximately 1% within the first 30 days. A number of clinical characteristics may identify post-MI patients at higher risk of myocardial rupture. (Source: American Heart Journal)

Apocynin attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, local expression of Ang II appears to contribute to pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by upregulating NADPH oxidase expression and promoting ROS synthesis. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase and elimination of ROS may prevent or repair damage due to cardiac hypertrophy. PMID: 20651822 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology)

Effect of sodium houttuyfonate on inhibiting ventricular remodeling induced by abdominal aortic banding in rats.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, sodium houttuyfonate attenuates ventricular remodeling induced by pressure overload in rats. The beneficial effects are in part associated with its alleviating the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and decreasing the TNF-alpha level. Furthermore, its function seems to correlate with reduced blood pressure and heart rate. PMID: 20651817 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology)

Fully automatic flow method for the determination of scavenging capacity against nitric oxide radicals.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry — Sat, 19 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ribeiro JP, MagalhÃ£es LM, Segundo MA, Reis S, Lima JL In the present work, a fluorimetric automatic method based on multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) was developed for in vitro evaluation of scavenging capacity against nitric oxide (NO) using 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) as an NO-selective fluorogenic probe. The MSFIA manifold was assembled to perform the in-line generation of NO and the competitive reaction of putative scavenger molecules and DAF-2 with NO at conditions close to those found in vivo regarding temperature (37 degrees C), pH (7.4), and concentration of NO (less than 1 muM). This approach allowed the evaluation of scavenging capacity against NO by endogenous antioxidant molecules, pharmaceutical compounds, and human plasma. IC(50) values were calc...

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Use of a long-chain triglyceride-restricted/medium-chain triglyceride-supplemented diet in a case of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency with cardiomyopathy

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease — Wed, 16 Jun 2010 07:28:06 +0100

Abstract Malonyl coenzyme A (CoA) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.9, MCD) deficiency, or malonic aciduria, is a rare inborn error of metabolism characterised by a variable phenotype of developmental delay, seizures, cardiomyopathy and acidosis. There is no consensus for dietary treatment in this condition. This case describes the effect of a long-chain triglyceride (LCT)-restricted/medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-supplemented diet upon the progress of an affected child. A full-term Asian girl of birth weight 3590 g was screened for malonic aciduria after birth due to a positive family history. She had elevated urine malonic and methylmalonic acids and was presumably homozygous for a deleterious mutation in the MLYCD gene. Her echocardiography showed mild cardiomyopathy at 0.5&...

Use of captopril in paediatric congestive cardiac failure: early effects on blood pressure and renal function

Archives of Disease in Childhood — Tue, 15 Jun 2010 14:34:24 +0100

(Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood)

Transcriptional changes associated with recovery from heart failure in the SHR

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology — Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: To identify biological pathways associated with myocardial recovery from heart failure (HF), gene profiling and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were examined in left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats with HF (SHR-F) with no treatment, following treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, and treatment with captopril combined with the short chain fatty acid derivative phenylbutyrate. Failing hearts demonstrated depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, while ventricular volume and mass increased. Captopril treatment alone prevented further deterioration but did not improve myocardial function; relatively few transcripts were differentially expressed relative to untreated SHR-F. Gene sets identified by GSEA as downregulated with captopri...

Availability, price and affordability of cardiovascular medicines: A comparison across 36 countries using WHO/HAI data

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders — Tue, 08 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the need of focusing attention and financing on making chronic disease medicines accessible, in particular in the public sector. Several policy options are suggested to reach this goal. (Source: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders)

Microalbuminuria versus brain natriuretic peptide in cardiac hypertrophy of hypertensive rats.

Physiological Research — Tue, 08 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study is to assess a possible link between microalbuminuria (MA), a major risk factor of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) and the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a marker of cardiac hypertrophy. Two kidney-one clip (2K-1C) renovascular hypertension was induced in 24 male Wistar rats weighing (220-250g). Rats were then randomized into 4 groups for 8 weeks: Sham, not treated; Bos, treated with bosentan; Cap, treated with captopril; Bos/Cap, treated with both drugs. Blood pressure, plasma BNP and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF- beta1) concentrations, MA and creatininaemia were ascertained, as well as cardiac mass, BNP, alpha- and beta- myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression and kidney histology. Following stenosis, Sham rats developed hypertension (p<0.001), a...

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Mitochondrial function in heart and kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats: influence of captopril treatment.

General Physiology and Biophysics — Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: MujkosovÃ¡ J, UlicnÃ¡ O, WaczulÃkovÃ¡ I, VlkovicovÃ¡ J, VancovÃ¡ O, Ferko M, PolÃ¡k S, ZiegelhÃ¶ffer A Effect of captopril treatment on capability of heart and kidney mitochondria to produce ATP was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Heart mitochondria from SHR responded to hypertension with tendency to compensate the elevated energy demands of cardiac cells by moderate increase in mitochondrial Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, membrane fluidity (MF) and in majority of functional parameters of the mitochondria (p > 0.05). Significant increase exhibited only the oxygen consumption (QO2; p < 0.01-0.001) and oxidative phosphorylation rate (OPR; p < 0.003) with glutamate + malate (GLUT+MAL) as substrates. Lowering the blood pressure (p < 0.0...

The prognostic value of circulating markers of collagen turnover after acute myocardial infarction

International Journal of Cardiology — Sun, 23 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Background: We assessed the time profiles and prognostic utility of circulating markers of collagen turnover (CTO) following acute myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast to previous studies, no patient had been pre-treated with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) at the time of initial assessment.Methods: Plasma levels of N-terminal fragment of type I collagen (PINP), carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), N-terminal fragment of type III collagen (PIIINP), matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs type-1 (TIMP-1) were assessed in 233 patients following acute MI. The CTO markers were initially assessed prior to treatment by either captopril or losartan, at a median of 3days following MI. In addition, blood samples we...

Adiposity of the heart revisited: Reversal of dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient with Cushing's syndrome

International Journal of Cardiology — Thu, 20 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

A 50year old lady with good past health presented in 1987 with a transient right hemiparesis and atrial fibrillation. Chest X-ray (CXR) showed cardiomegaly and a baseline echocardiogram revealed a globally dilated heart with impaired systolic function consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac enzymes were normal. She was treated with digoxin, warfarin, captopril and frusemide. She was noted to be obese and hirsute and to have diabetes. Subsequent investigations confirmed ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. A 2.3cm×1.6cm pituitary macroadenoma was found on computed tomography of pituitary. Due to the large tumour size and concurrent medical problems, she received treatment with metyrapone, followed by radiotherapy. Subsequent assessment in 1989 revealed her Cushing's disease to be in ...

Rate-control better than rhythm control for AF after MI?

NeLM - News — Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Source: Heart Area: News Retrospective analysis of data from a large controlled trial suggests that for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) following myocardial infarction (MI), rhythm control using anti-arrhythmic drugs is associated with greater mortality in the period after MI than rate control but similar outcomes longer-term. AF is a common complication of acute coronary syndromes, but optimum management is not clear. The authors used data from a large controlled trial to identify MI patients with AF and compare outcomes according to the management strategy used. Patients were identified from the VALIANT (Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial) study, in which patients with acute MI complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction, HF or both were randomised...