MedWorm: Carbamazepine

Vigabatrin versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy

NeLM - Drug Specific Reviews — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Cochrane Library Area: Evidence > Drug Specific Reviews Background The efficacy and safety of vigabatrin (VGB) as an add-on therapy for refractory epilepsy has been well established. However, this needs to be weighed against the risk of the development of visual field defects. Whether VGB monotherapy is an effective and safe treatment compared with the standard antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy for epilepsy has not been systematically reviewed. Objectives To investigate the efficacy and safety of VGB versus CBZ monotherapy for epilepsy. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialized Register (10 October 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL Issue 4 of 4, The Cochrane Library 2011)...

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Carbamazepine: Lichenoid eruption: case report

Reactions — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:34:27 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

[Refractory epilepsy: use of the new definition and related risk factors. A study in the Mexican population of a third-level centre].

Revista de Neurologia — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS. The frequency of pharmacoresistance in the population analysed was estimated to be 56%. Identification of the factors associated with pharmacoresistance makes it possible to consider surgical treatment or to optimise the treatment with AED. There is a tendency to use the new AED, above all in combination therapy. Our findings are consistent with those described in the literature. PMID: 22278892 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista de Neurologia)

Analysis of carbamazepine serum by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and comparison with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA): an animal study

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:05:19 +0100

In this study, we used the DPV method to determine the serum level of carbamazepine in rabbits. Blood samples were obtained from rabbits which had been fed carbamazepine. The serum concentration of carbamazepine from DPV using glassy carbon electrode and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) technique was compared using a correlation test. In addition, DPV and FPIA techniques in carbamazepine detection were evaluated for precision, linearity, and detection limits using a standard solution. The correlation between the carbamazepine concentrations from DPV compared with those by FPIA was good (RSQ = 0.998). In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) for the DPV technique and the FPIA technique were low. The precision and detection limit for both methods were satisf...

Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

NeLM - Drug Class Focused Reviews — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Cochrane Library Area: Evidence > Drug Class Focused Reviews Background Pain management is a high priority for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite deficiencies in research data, neuromodulators have gained widespread clinical acceptance as adjuvants in the management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Objectives The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of neuromodulators in pain management in patients with RA. Neuromodulators included in this review were anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin, phenytoin, sodium valproate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine and topiramate), ketamine, bupropion, methylphenidate, nefopam, capsaicin and the cannabinoids. Search ...

Surgical Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia: Comparison of the Effectiveness Between MVD and MVD+PSR in a Series of 210 Patients.

Turkish Neurosurgery — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:02 +0100

CONCLUSION: MVD+PSR was obviously superior to MVD in completely eliminating pain in short-term period after operation, however, longer pain-free rate need even longer time to follow up. Identifying the responsible vascular exactly and handling it reasonably were key to both groups. PMID: 22274968 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Turkish Neurosurgery)

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Analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Talanta — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Yu Y, Wu L Abstract Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been acknowledged as emerging pollutants due to widespread contamination in environment. A rapid and reliable analytical method, based on ultrasonic extraction, clean up on Envi-carb cartridge, derivatized with N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA), and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), was developed for determination of 4 EDCs (bisphenol A, estrone, nonylphenol and octylphenol) and 10 PPCPs (acetylsalicylic acid, carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, paracetamol and triclosan) in sewage sludge. Mean recoveries of the target analytes, at different spike level...

A nested sequence‐specific primer‐polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HLA‐B*15:02

Tissue Antigens — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we reported a new technique in detecting HLA‐B*15:02 by using a nested sequence‐specific primer‐polymerase chain reaction (SSP‐PCR) that can be used on genomic DNA and whole blood for carbamazepine hypersensitivity prediction. We tested a total of 200 blind samples with known human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B allelic types (44 positive for HLA‐B*15:02 and 156 negative for HLA‐B*15:02) with this new nested SSP‐PCR technique and compared its efficacy to that of commercial sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe‐polymerase chain reaction (SSOP‐PCR). Using starting materials from DNA and whole blood, we were able to detect HLA‐B*15:02 in 44 of our samples correctly. The test is very sensitive and is highly reproducible. (Source: Tissue Antigens)

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 9-alkoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[c] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepines as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents.

Arzneimittel-Forschung — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Piao FY, Peng B, Zhang WB, Zhang W, Han RB Abstract A novel series of 9-alkoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine derivatives was synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activity by the maximal electroshock (MES) test and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test. Neurotoxic effects were also determined by the rotarod neurotoxicity test. The results revealed that all of the compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity, Compound 5d was found to possess the most potential anticonvulsant activity in the anti-MES potency test; it had a median effective dose (ED50) of 12.3 mg/kg, a median toxicity dose (TD50) of 73.5 mg/kg, and a protective index (PI) of 6.0, which is slightly lower than the PI of the prototype drug carbamazepine (ED50=8.8, PI=8.1...

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydrangea-Like F-Doped Titania Microspheres for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Carbamazepine under UV and Visible Light Irradiation

Journal of Oncology — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 13:25:09 +0100

Hydrangea-like F-doped TiO2 microspheres have been synthesized on a large scale by a simple hydrothermal process using potassium titanium oxalate as the titanium source, ammonium fluoride and hydrogen peroxide as the etchant. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated using carbamazepine as the target organic molecule under UV and visible light irradiation. Structural characterization indicates that the hydrangea-like TiO2 microspheres, with an average diameter of 2.80 μm, are composed of numerous anatase TiO2 petals. Moreover, it is found that both the NH4F and H2O2 dosages have important effects on the formation of the hydrangea-like structures. In addition, photocatalytic experiments show that the hydrangea-like TiO2 microspheres calcined at 500°C exhibit high photoc...

Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There is currently weak evidence that oral nefopam, topical capsaicin and oromucosal cannabis are all superior to placebo in reducing pain in patients with RA. However, each agent is associated with a significant side effect profile. The confidence in our estimates is not strong given the difficulties with blinding, the small numbers of participants evaluated and the lack of adverse event data. In some patients, however, even a small degree of pain relief may be considered worthwhile. Until further research is available, given the relatively mild nature of the adverse events, capsaicin could be considered as an add-on therapy for patients with persistent local pain and inadequate response or intolerance to other treatments. Oral nefopam and oromucosal cannabis have more signif...

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Vigabatrin versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient data to address the risk-benefit balance of using VGB versus CBZ monotherapy for epilepsy. Considering the high prevalence of visual field defects, reported in an existing systematic review of observational studies (Maguire 2010), the prescribing of VGB monotherapy for epilepsy should be used with caution and not considered as a first-line choice. If necessary, a frequent assessment of visual field is needed. Future research should focus on investigating the reasons for visual field defects and exploring the potential prevention strategies. Moreover, future monotherapy studies of epilepsy should report results according to the recommendation of International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission, and methodological quality should be improve...

Is Conventional Hemodialysis Enough to Manage Carbamazepine Intoxication

Blood Purification — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Blood Purif 2012;33:225–226 (DOI:10.1159/000335608) (Source: Blood Purification)

CARBAMAZEPINE ER (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [American Health Packaging]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 24, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Reducing absorption and increasing elimination

Medicine — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 13:58:54 +0100

Abstract: There is no evidence that the use of single-dose activated charcoal, gastric lavage, syrup of ipecacuanha, cathartics or whole-bowel irrigation improves the clinical outcome in poisoned patients. However, activated charcoal and gastric lavage may be considered in patients who have ingested life-threatening amounts of a toxic agent up to 1 hour previously. To increase elimination, treatment with multiple-dose activated charcoal (in patients who have ingested a life-threatening amount of carbamazepine, dapsone, phenobarbital, quinine or theophylline) or urine alkalinization (in patients with moderately severe salicylate poisoning) should be employed. Haemodialysis and haemodialfiltration significantly increase the elimination of ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, lithium, metha...

Anticonvulsants

Medicine — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 13:58:54 +0100

Abstract: Generally, phenytoin and carbamazepine have greater toxicity in overdose than sodium valproate and the newer anticonvulsants, though case reports confirm that severe toxicity can occur uncommonly. (Source: Medicine)

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Pharmaceutical removal in tropical subsurface flow constructed wetlands at varying hydraulic loading rates.

Chemosphere — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang DQ, Gersberg RM, Hua T, Zhu J, Tuan NA, Tan SK Abstract Determining the fate of emerging organic contaminants in an aquatic ecosystem is important for developing constructed wetlands (CWs) treatment technology. Experiments were carried out in subsurface flow CWs in Singapore to evaluate the fate and transport of eight pharmaceutical compounds. The CW system included three parallel horizontal subsurface flow CWs and three parallel unplanted beds fed continuously with synthetic wastewater at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The findings of the tests at 2-6d HRTs showed that the pharmaceuticals could be categorized as (i) efficiently removed compounds with removal higher than 85% (ketoprofen and salicylic acid); (ii) moderately removed compounds with removal ...

CARBAMAZEPINE ER (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [American Health Packaging]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 18, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Carbamazepine: DRESS syndrome/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome: case report

Reactions — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 19:08:18 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Carbamazepine/trazodone interaction: Ataxic gait and worsening of tremor in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 19:08:18 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Dress syndrome with sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumomediastinum

Indian Journal of Dermatology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report a case of a 10-year-old girl who developed clinical manifestations of fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, hypereosinophilia, and visceral involvement (hepatitis and pneumonitis) after taking phenobarbital for seizures, with subsequent development of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and spontaneous air leak syndrome (pnemothorax and pneumomediastinum). She was put on steroids and various antibiotics and was ventilated, but ultimately succumbed to sepsis and pulmonary complications. (Source: Indian Journal of Dermatology)

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Use of anti-epileptic drugs in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India with emphasis on epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis

Indian Journal of Pharmacology — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Phenytoin is the primary antiepileptic in spite of its side effects; though addition of other anti-epileptic drugs (valproate, clobazam) was required for better seizure control. Cases of neurocysticercosis respond to anti-epileptic drugs without addition of anthelmintics. Side effects observed were mostly neurological in nature. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)

Carbamazepine/valproic acid: Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy: case report

Reactions — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 23:22:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

CARBAMAZEPINE ER (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [American Health Packaging]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 13, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

[Dravet syndrome as a cause of epilepsy and learning disability].

Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We present a review of the genetic and clinical picture along with treatment aspects. Material and methods. This review is based on a non-systematic literature search in PubMed until April 2011 and the personal experiences of the authors. Results. Dravet syndrome should be suspected in children with febrile hemiconvulsions or tonic-clonic seizures in the first year of life. Non-febrile seizures also occur, and other seizure types gradually appear, e.g. myoclonic jerks, atypical absences or focal seizures. In adulthood the clinical picture is less characteristic. The clinical diagnosis is supported by genetic testing; 70-80% of the patients have mutations in the sodium channel subunit gene SCN1A. Seizure control is difficult to achieve, but valproate, benzodiazepines and stiripentol may cau...

Association Between Paroxysmal Tonic Spasms and Neuromyelitis Optica [Observation]

Archives of Neurology — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Tonic spasms are associated with NMO more commonly than with multiple sclerosis and may be a presenting sign in both diseases. (Source: Archives of Neurology)

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Status Epilepticus in a Pediatric Renal Recipient

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 14:27:21 +0100

We elaborate on the retrospective analysis of clinical data on a patient afflicted with grand mal seizures following a kidney transplant. The 16-year-old female patient was hospitalized for chronic glomerulonephritis. She experienced an epileptic seizure and was treated with carbamazepine. Renal transplantation was performed; the function of the transplant kidney was normal. However, grand mal seizures, which required intravenous and luminal intramuscular diazepam injections for control, began on the fourth postoperative day and lasted for 3 days, occurring approximately 10 to 20 times per day. On the sixth day, the patient fell into a deep comatose state and developed the inability to move the right side of her body, hypomyotonia, type 1 respiratory failure, and a pulmonary infection. She...

Successful treatment of severe disruptive disorder featuring symptoms of the Klüver-Bucy Syndrome following a massive right temporal-parietal hemorrhage

Neurological Sciences — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 06:59:38 +0100

Abstract We know little about effective treatment for patients suffering from partial or complete Klüver-Bucy Syndrome (KBS) and other disruptive behaviors following a stroke. Reported cases have shown that certain medication, given alone or combined, can be partially effective. In this specific case study, we will try to demonstrate the effectiveness of a combination of carbamazepine, clonidine, quetiapine and methylphenidate in the alleviating of these symptoms. The wide range of symptoms found in KBS led us to use several kinds of psychotropic medication in spite of the inherent risks associated to polypharmacy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10072-011-0911-yAuthors Luigi De Benedictis, Fernand-Seguin Research Center...

A patch testing and cross‐sensitivity study of carbamazepine‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Drug patch testing is a safe and useful method for the identification of CBZ as the culprit drug of SJS/TEN as well as DRESS. Testing of chemically or pharmacologically related AEDs may provide information on cross‐reactivity for these patients. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

CARBATROL EXTENDED RELEASE (Carbamazepine) Capsule [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 3, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Commentary: pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Anstey AV PMID: 22212060 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

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Response 2 to pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a critical appraisal.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Alfirevic A, McCormack M, Pirmohamed M, Cavalleri GL PMID: 22212059 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

Response 1 to pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a critical appraisal.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Shen CY, Chen YT PMID: 22212058 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

Pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a critical appraisal.

The British Journal of Dermatology — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wu K, Reynolds NJ PMID: 22212057 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The British Journal of Dermatology)

Fast investigations from biological matrices using CE – Test of a blood–brain barrier model

Electrophoresis — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractIn order to adopt a general workflow for complex biological matrices with respect to a new blood–brain barrier (BBB) model, a micellar electrokinetic chromatography method has been developed. The cells forming the BBB have been cultivated in a special cell growth medium in which six drugs (acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, cimetidine, indometacin and propranolol) have been dissolved and tested for their penetration properties. The results showed good to very good accordance to the reference values. Samples were directly injected onto the capillary without any pretreatment (fused silica capillary, id: 50 μm, L: 48 cm, l: 40 cm). After method development, separations were carried out using a 60 mM borate buffer containing 200 mM of SDS at 30 kV, leading to an analy...

Oxcarbazepine for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder

NeLM - Mental Health — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Cochrane Library Area: Evidence > Drug Specific Reviews Background Oxcarbazepine, a keto derivative of the 'mood stabiliser' carbamazepine, may have efficacy in the treatment of acute episodes of bipolar disorder. Potentially, it may offer pharmacokinetic advantages over carbamazepine. O bjectives To review the efficacy and acceptability of oxcarbazepine compared to placebo and other agents in the treatment of acute bipolar episodes including mania, mixed episodes and depression. Search methods Electronic databases were searched up to 2 September 2011. Specialist journals and conference proceedings were handsearched. Authors, experts in the field and pharmaceutical companies were contacted requesting information on published and unpub...

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Topical Ophthalmic Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 23:55:03 +0100

Conclusion. Topical ophthalmic cyclosporine may contribute to decrease the ophthalmic complications of TEN and should be considered in the acute stage of the disease. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Do antiepileptic drugs or generalized tonic–clonic seizure frequency increase SUDEP risk? A combined analysis

Epilepsia — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryPurpose: In an analysis of four case–control studies of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), we found that yearly frequency of generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) and antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy were associated with an increased risk for SUDEP. The prior analysis, however, did not evaluate AEDs and GTCS frequency concurrently.Methods: We combined data from the three case–control studies with information on the frequency of GTCS and AED therapy, that is, carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, and other AED therapy. Number of AEDs was also considered. Lamotrigine and GTCS frequency were considered separately in two of the case–control studies. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate GTCS frequency, each of the AEDs, and number of AEDs. A...

Association of polymorphisms in EPHX1, UGT2B7, ABCB1, ABCC2, SCN1A and SCN2A genes with carbamazepine therapy optimization

Future Medicine: Pharmacogenomics — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 14:13:32 +0100

Pharmacogenomics , Ahead of Print, Pages 1-11. (Source: Future Medicine: Pharmacogenomics)

Oxcarbazepine for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Currently, there are insufficient trials of adequate methodological quality on oxcarbazepine in the acute treatment of bipolar disorder to inform us on its efficacy and acceptability. Studies predominantly examine the treatment of mania: there are data from subgroup analysis on mixed affective, hypomania and rapid-cycling states.From the few studies included in this review, oxcarbazepine did not differ in efficacy compared to placebo in children and adolescents. It did not differ from other active agents in adults. It may have a poorer tolerability profile compared to placebo. No data were found on outcomes relevant to patients and clinicians, such as length of hospital admission. There is a need for adequately powered randomised controlled trials of good methodological qual...

Antiepileptic Drugs for Bipolar Disorder and the Risk of Suicidal Behavior: A 30-Year Observational Study.

The American Journal of Psychiatry — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions:In this longitudinal observational study, the risk of suicide attempts or suicides was not associated with the antiepileptics approved for bipolar disorder. PMID: 22193537 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry)

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Neonatal seizures associated with a severe neonatal myoclonus like dyskinesia due to a familial KCNQ2 gene mutation.

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: KCNQ2 mutations can present with a neonatal onset multifocal myoclonus-like dyskinesia. PMID: 22169383 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Paediatric Neurology)

Assessment of the health risks related to the presence of drug residues in water for human consumption: Application to carbamazepine.

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Houeto P, Carton A, Guerbet M, Mauclaire AC, Gatignol C, Lechat P, Masset D Abstract Pharmaceutical residues have been detected at low (usually ng/L) concentrations in drinking water sources. The detection of drugs in water intended for human consumption (WIHC) has raised questions of safety. In the absence of regulatory or other official guidance, water utilities are faced with a problem of which pharmaceutical residues should be monitored and the toxicological limits that should be required. In this essay, we define an approach for the assessment of health risks related to chemicals found in drinking water. We use the examples of carbamazepine and its main metabolite 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine to demonstrate our approach, which involves application of the following algorit...

Perioperative management of a parturient with hyponatraemia due to carbamazepine therapy

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We describe the perioperative management of an epileptic parturient who developed hyponatraemia due to carbamazepine therapy. Caesarean delivery was performed under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia with a good outcome for both mother and neonate. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach, anaesthetic implications and maternal and neonatal risks for a patient with hyponatraemia complicating carbamazepine therapy are discussed. (Source: International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia)

Behaviour of pharmaceuticals in spiked lake sediments - Effects and interactions with benthic invertebrates.

Chemosphere — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gilroy EA, Balakrishnan VK, Solomon KR, Sverko E, Sibley PK Abstract The behaviour and effects of atorvastatin (ATO), carbamazepine (CBZ), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were investigated in spiked lake sediments, at concentrations up to 56.5mgkg(-1)dry weight (dw), with the benthic invertebrates Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca. Desorption constants were calculated in the presence and absence of animals, using linear isotherms, yielding K(d) values of 28.2, 189.0 and 125.1Lkg(-1) (ATO), 73.7, 201.7 and 263.2Lkg(-1) (CBZ), and 114.9, 114.2 and 519.2Lkg(-1) (EE2) for C. dilutus, H. azteca, and without animals, respectively. For ATO and CBZ, K(d) values were smaller in the presence of C. dilutus, indicating greater desorption to the overlying water from bioturbation, ...

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs in Asians

Neurology — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: CBZ, PHT, and LTG were the major causative AEDs for SCARs. The mortality of PHT-SCARs was higher than CBZ-SCARs due to complicated comorbidity in patients. Nonaromatic AEDs were safe alternatives for patients with aromatic AED-induced SCARs. (Source: Neurology)

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Which psychotropic medications induce hepatotoxicity?

General Hospital Psychiatry — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Knowing the risk levels associated with various medicines is important; prescribing multiple drugs with hepatotoxic effects should be avoided. One should educate patients about early warning signs of liver injury. Always provide clinical and laboratory monitoring before and during the use of hepatotoxic drugs. Clinical features and laboratory results govern medication prescribing with ongoing risk-to-benefit ratio assessment during pharmacotherapy. (Source: General Hospital Psychiatry)

Bipolarity and inadequate response to antidepressant drugs: Clinical and psychopharmacological perspective

Journal of Affective Disorders — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 14:23:58 +0100

Conclusions: The results of these clinical and psychopharmacological studies appear to confirm an association between bipolarity and a poor response of depression to treatment with antidepressant drugs. (Source: Journal of Affective Disorders)

Med Sci Monit 2011; 17(12):CS149-151 "Gabapentin in the treatment of dementia-associated nocturnal agitation"

Medical Science Monitor — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Gabapentin was very effective in treating nocturnal agitation. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

HLA alleles and drug hypersensitivity reactions

International Journal of Immunogenetics — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system is well known for its association with certain diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, celiac disease and many others. More recently, severe and even fatal drug hypersensitivity reactions linked to particular HLA alleles have been discovered. The significance of these discoveries has led the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and its member state agencies to recommend HLA gene testing before initiation of drug treatment. To date, the following drugs have been identified as causing significant drug hypersensitivity reactions in patients who have the following HLA alleles: abacavir and HLA‐B*57:01, carbamazepine and HLA‐B*15:02/A*31:01 and finally allopurinol and HLA‐B*58:01. This review will outline and discuss these three drugs and their ...

Hyperhomocysteinemia in Tunisian bipolar I patients

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia was more frequent in bipolar I patients independent of C677T polymorphism. Patients had reduced levels of folate, which modulates homocysteine metabolism. Indeed, this finding indicates that folate supplementation may be appropriate for bipolar patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. (Source: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences)

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Effect of the timing of food intake on the absorption and bioavailability of carbamazepine immediate‐release tablets in beagle dogs

Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTThe effect of dosing time on the bioavailability of carbamazepine immediate‐release (IR) tablets was investigated when administrated to beagle dogs who were fasting, with coadministration of food (Co‐food), and 0.5 h before food and 2 h after food. The study was conducted using a single dose of 200 mg (tablets/solution) with a 2‐week washout period in a crossover design. Food intake significantly increased the rate and extent of tablets absorption. The Cmax (µg·ml‐1, 8.13/3.65) and tmax (h, 1.83/0.92) were increased more than twofold and the AUC0‐24 (µg·h·ml‐1, 20.09/8.19) was 2.5 times that of the values obtained under fasting conditions. The bioavailability of the tablets under fasting conditions was 91.2 %, but increased to 223.5 %, 182.8 % and 148.4% in t...

A case report of voriconazole therapy failure in a homozygous ultrarapid CYP2C1917/17 patient comedicated with carbamazepine

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Conversion from enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs to topiramate: Effects on lipids and c-reactive protein

Epilepsy Research — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Summary: Purpose: We previously demonstrated that converting patients from the enzyme-inducers phenytoin or carbamazepine to the non-inducers levetiracetam or lamotrigine reduces serum lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP). We sought to determine if the same changes would occur when patients were switched to topiramate, which has shown some evidence of enzyme induction at high doses. We also examined the effects of drug switch on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration.Methods: We converted 13 patients from phenytoin or carbamazepine monotherapy to topiramate monotherapy (most at doses of 100–150mg/day). Fasting lipids, including LDL particle concentration, and CRP were obtained before and ≥6 weeks after the switch. A group of normal subjects had the same serial serologic me...

Treatment of epilepsy in adults: Expert opinion in China.

Epilepsy and Behaviour — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: A high level of consensus was reached on most treatments of choice and first-line treatments for patients with epilepsy, which were in accordance with published US expert opinion. PMID: 22119503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Epilepsy and Behaviour)

Carbamazepine/lamotrigine: Hyperammonaemia: case report

Reactions — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:51:47 +0100

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Carbamazepine/quetiapine overdose: Intestinal obstruction, treated with neostigmine: case report

Reactions — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:51:47 +0100

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Simultaneous quantification of centchroman and its 7-demethylated metabolite in rat dried blood spot samples using LC-MS/MS.

Biomedical Chromatography : BMC — Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lal J, Sharma N Abstract An approach has been developed for the quantitative determination of concentrations of centchroman (I), a nonsteroidal once-a-week oral contraceptive, and its major metabolite (7-desmethyl centchroman, II) using dried blood spots (DBS) on paper, rather than conventional plasma samples. The assay employed simple solvent extraction of the DBS sample circle (6 mm) requiring small blood volumes (30 μL) followed by reversed-phase HPLC separation, combined with multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometric detection. The calibration plot in matrix using d-trans-hydroxy chroman as internal standard (IS) was linear (r(2) = 0.998) over ranges of 1.5-240 and 4.5-720 ng/mL for I and II, respectively. The recoveries of both I and II were always >...

Sinus node dysfunction due to psychotropic agents combination

Acta Neuropsychiatrica — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Patients with severe mental illness usually require long‐term psychotropic drug therapy, often in combination. This may enhance efficacy but also involves an increased risk of adverse effects including cardiotoxicity. (Source: Acta Neuropsychiatrica)

Carbamazepine overdose: Acute renal failure, electrolyte imbalance and large bowel obstruction: case report

Reactions — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 21:59:42 +0100

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A once‐per‐day, drug‐in‐food protocol for prolonged administration of antiepileptic drugs in animal models

Epilepsia — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryPurpose: Convenient and effective methods for administering potential antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) chronically should facilitate many experiments in animal models of chronic epilepsy with spontaneous recurrent seizures. This proof‐of‐principle study aimed to optimize a once‐per‐day, drug‐in‐food protocol by testing the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) on the frequency of convulsive seizures in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy.Methods: Adult male rats were given repeated low‐dose kainate injections until convulsive status epilepticus persisted for >3 h. After the rats developed spontaneous recurrent seizures, food pellets with CBZ (30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day) were provided once per day in three 2‐week trials (n = 7–9 rats) involving 5 days of CBZ or...

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Effects of long‐term antiepileptic drug monotherapy on vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis

Epilepsia — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryPurpose: Long‐term therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has been associated with metabolic consequences that lead to an increase in risk of atherosclerosis in patients with epilepsy. We compared the long‐term effects of monotherapy using different categories of AEDs on markers of vascular risk and the atherosclerotic process.Methods: One hundred sixty adult patients who were receiving AED monotherapy, including two enzyme‐inducers (carbamazepine, CBZ; and phenytoin, PHT), an enzyme‐inhibitor (valproic acid, VPA), and a noninducer (lamotrigine, LTG) for more than 2 years, and 60 controls were enrolled in this study. All study participants received measurement of common carotid artery (CCA) intima media thickness (IMT) by B‐mode ultrasonography to assess the exten...

Development of a bar adsorptive micro-extraction-large-volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method for pharmaceuticals and personal care products in environmental water matrices.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Neng NR, Nogueira JM Abstract The combination of bar adsorptive micro-extraction using activated carbon (AC) and polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (PS-DVB) sorbent phases, followed by liquid desorption and large-volume injection gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, under selected ion monitoring mode acquisition, was developed for the first time to monitor pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in environmental water matrices. Assays performed on 25 mL water samples spiked (100 ng L(-1)) with caffeine, gemfibrozil, triclosan, propranolol, carbamazepine and diazepam, selected as model compounds, yielded recoveries ranging from 74% to 99% under optimised experimental conditions (equilibrium time, 16 h (1,000 rpm); matrix characteristics: pH 5, ...

Lichenoid reaction to carbamazepine in the oral mucosa: case report

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 07:13:02 +0100

As reações liquenoides por drogas são mais comuns na pele, mas também podem ocorrer na mucosa bucal. Estas lesões são de difícil diagnóstico por causa de sua semelhança clínica com às do líquen plano oral idiopático. O presente artigo relata um caso de reação liquenoide em mucosa bucal, associado ao uso de carbamazepina, no qual o processo de diagnóstico é enfatizadoLichenoid drug reactions are more commom in skin, but they may also occur in the oral mucosa. It is difficult to diagnose these lesions due to their clinical similarity to the idiopathic oral lichen planus lesions. The present article reports a case of lichenoid reaction in oral mucosa associated to the use of carbamazepine, emphasizing the diagnostic process (Source: Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia)

TEGRETOL (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Chewable TEGRETOL (Carbamazepine) Tablet TEGRETOL (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 8, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Fecal coliforms, caffeine and carbamazepine in stormwater collection systems in a large urban area.

Chemosphere — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sauvé S, Aboulfadl K, Dorner S, Payment P, Deschamps G, Prévost M Abstract Water samples from streams, brooks and storm sewer outfall pipes that collect storm waters across the Island of Montréal were analyzed for caffeine, carbamazepine and fecal coliforms. All samples contained various concentrations of these tracers, indicating a widespread sanitary contamination in urban environments. Fecal coliforms and caffeine levels ranged over several orders of magnitude with a modest correlation between caffeine and fecal coliforms (R(2) value of 0.558). An arbitrary threshold of 400ng caffeine L(-1) allows us to identify samples with an elevated fecal contamination, as defined by more than 200 colony-forming units per 100mL (cfu 100mL(-1)) of fecal coliforms. Low caffeine lev...

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Novel Graphene-Gold Nanoparticle Modified Electrodes for the High Sensitivity Electrochemical Spectroscopy Detection and Analysis of Carbamazepine

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 13:39:51 +0100

The Journal of Physical Chemistry CDOI: 10.1021/jp206945e (Source: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C)

Early Life-Stage Toxicity of Eight Pharmaceuticals to the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas.

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Overturf MD, Overturf CL, Baxter D, Hala DN, Constantine L, Venables B, Huggett DB Abstract Human pharmaceuticals are routinely being detected in the environment, and there is growing concern about whether these drugs could elicit effects on aquatic organisms. Regulatory paradigms have shifted accordingly, with a greater emphasis on chronic toxicity data compared with acute data. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 210 Early Life Stage Test has been proposed as a good measure of the potential for pharmaceuticals to elicit chronic toxicity. To begin building a data set regarding the early life-stage toxicity of pharmaceuticals to fish, fathead minnows (FHM) were exposed to amiodarone, carbamazepine, clozapine, dexamethasone, fenofibrate, ibuprofen, no...

Medical Management of Chronic Liver Diseases (CLD) in Children (Part II): Focus on the Complications of CLD, and CLD that Require Special Considerations.

Paediatric Drugs — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 11:05:08 +0100

Authors: El-Shabrawi MH, Kamal NM Abstract Treatment of the causes of many chronic liver diseases (CLDs) may not be possible. In this case, complications must be anticipated, prevented or at least controlled by the best available therapeutic modalities. There are three main goals for the management of portal hypertension: (i) prevention of the first episode of variceal bleeding largely by non-selective β-adrenoceptor antagonists, which is not generally recommended in children; (ii) control of bleeding by using a stepwise approach from the least to most invasive strategies; (iii) and prevention of re-bleeding using bypass operations, with particular enthusiasm for the use of meso-Rex bypass in the pediatric population. Hepatic encephalopathy management also consists of three main a...

Changes in anticonvulsant prescribing for Australian children: Implications for Quality Use of Medicines

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The substantial reduction in carbamazepine use and corresponding increase in newer anticonvulsant prescribing, including off‐label uses, raises questions about potentially suboptimal Quality Use of Medicines. Such major changes in prescribing may have important clinical and economic consequences. Further study to better understand paediatric prescribing choices and outcomes is needed. (Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health)

Pattern of antiepileptic drug–induced cell death in limbic regions of the neonatal rat brain

Epilepsia — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe induction of neuronal apoptosis throughout many regions of the developing rat brain by phenobarbital and phenytoin, two drugs commonly used for the treatment of neonatal seizures, has been well documented. However, several limbic regions have not been included in previous analyses. Because drug‐induced damage to limbic brain regions in infancy could contribute to emotional and psychiatric sequelae, it is critical to determine the extent to which these regions are vulnerable to developmental neurotoxicity. To evaluate the impact of antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure on limbic nuclei, we treated postnatal day 7 rat pups with phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or vehicle, and examined nucleus accumbens, septum, amygdala, piriform cortex, and frontal cortex for cell death. ...

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A critical look at phenytoin use for early post-traumatic seizure prophylaxis.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Phenytoin is used according to guidelines, with CT scan being the main decision factor for its use. The frequency of early PTS rate is low and side effects are rare. However, earlier administration of phenytoin and adequate levels could further prevent early PTS. PMID: 22030429 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences)

Evaluation of the seasonal performance of a water reclamation pond-constructed wetland system for removing emerging contaminants.

Chemosphere — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Matamoros V, Salvadó V Abstract The capacity of a full-scale reclamation pond-constructed wetland (CW) system to eliminate 27 emerging contaminants (i.e. pharmaceuticals, sunscreen compounds, fragrances, antiseptics, fire retardants, pesticides, and plasticizers) and the seasonal occurrence of these contaminants is studied. The compounds with the highest concentrations in the secondary effluent are diclofenac, caffeine, ketoprofen, and carbamazepine. The results show that the constructed wetland (61%) removes emerging contaminants significantly more efficiently than the pond (51%), presumably due to the presence of plants (Phragmites and Thypa) as well as the higher hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the CW. A greater seasonal trend to the efficient removal of these compou...

Generic substitution of antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of prospective and retrospective studies.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There is inconsistency between retrospective and prospective studies of generic AED substitution. The highest levels of evidence indicate that there should not be a problem with generic substitution, although some patients are more prone to problems with the generic products. Some evidence suggests that switches between multiple generic AED products in certain individuals may be problematic. PMID: 22028417 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy)

[Baclofen for alcohol addiction].

Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Helland A, Bramness JG Abstract Baclofen is approved for muscle spasms and cerebral spasticity. Several studies have recently investigated the use of baclofen for alcohol withdrawal symptoms and as an abstinence-promoting agent in alcohol-dependent subjects. The evidence is too weak to recommend baclofen for alcohol withdrawal, and drugs with better documentation such as benzodiazepines and carbamazepine should be preferred for this indication. The evidence for the use of baclofen to prevent relapse to drinking in alcohol dependence is somewhat conflicting, but the drug could be considered as a therapeutic option in case of conservative measures and approved drugs such as disulfiram and acamprosate having insufficient effect. Despite enthusiastic appraisal in case reports,...

Carbamazepine hypersensitivity: progress toward predicting the unpredictable.

Epilepsy Curr — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gidal BE PMID: 22129846 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Epilepsy Curr)

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Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine polymorphs and dihydrate in rats, related to dogs and humans.

Archives of Pharmacal Research — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, rats appear to be a better predictor of carbamazepine polymorphs absorbed in humans, and form III may be more suitable as a pharmaceutical crystal. PMID: 22139697 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Pharmacal Research)

Trileptal Side Effects (Oxcarbazepine)

About.com Bipolar Disorder — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 09:14:02 +0100

Trileptal is an anticonvulsant drug used as a mood stabilizer. It's not specifically approved by the FDA for treating bipolar disorder, but like Tegretol (carbamazepine), to which Trileptal is related, it's often prescribed off-label for bipolar. If you or someone you love are taking Trileptal or have just had it prescribed, you need to know the potential side effects. Most are minor and may go away with time, but there are some that are more serious. Here's detailed information about Trileptal (generic oxcarbazepine): Trileptal Side Effects Trileptal Drug Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Learn more or join the conversation! NEWSLETTER | FORUM | BIO | FACEBOOK | TWITTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Applications of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging in the characterisation of pharmaceutical materials.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study has also revealed that CL spectroscopy can distinguish between crystalline and amorphous materials and is sensitive the differences between the solid forms of some organic compounds, such as salts and polymorphs. Up to 80% of commonly used excipients are non-cathodoluminescent and this has the advantage of enabling APIs in formulated products to be imaged without interference. As part of the investigation to explore the use of CL as a way to identify polymorphs and monitor phase transformations, it was discovered that by recrystallising fused carbamazepine, the metastable Form IV was unexpectedly produced. PMID: 22074938 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences)

Carbamazepine: Skin rash in a child: case report

Reactions — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 13:05:17 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Carbamazepine: Fetal carbamazepine syndrome after in utero exposure: case report

Reactions — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 13:05:17 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia with intravenous phenytoin.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 10:00:56 +0100

Conclusion Phenytoin sodium 15 mg/kg i.v. divided into two doses separated by four hours was safe and effective in treating an acute exacerbation of refractory TN. PMID: 22011984 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

Isolation of bacterial strains capable of mineralizing sulfamethoxazole from an acclimated membrane bioreactor.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we isolated five strains capable of degrading (14)C-labelled sulfamethoxazole to (14)CO(2) from a membrane bioreactor acclimatized to sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and diclofenac. Of these strains, two belonged to the phylum of Actinobacteria, while three are members of the Proteobacteria. PMID: 22020509 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

A Case of Drug-induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome due to Carbamazepine.

The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College — Sat, 15 Oct 2011 10:35:19 +0100

Authors: Morimoto M, Watanabe Y, Arisaka T, Takada A, Tonogi M, Yamane GY, Fukushima D, Takahashi S, Tanaka Y Abstract The patient was a 51-year-old man who had been prescribed carbamazepine for right third-branch trigeminal neuralgia. He had stopped taking the medication after the neuralgia resolved. When the neuralgia recurred, he resumed medication, and about 1 month later he developed fever, fatigue, cervical lymphadenopathy, generalized skin flushing, facial edema and perioral vesicles, and was admitted to Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College. Oral findings showed reddening and erosion of the buccal mucosa. Routine laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis and hepatic dysfunction. Human herpesvirus 6 antibody titer remarkably increased during development of erupt...

Metabolic, electrolytes disorders and tromboembolic risk in malignant glioma patients

Neurological Sciences — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 16:32:18 +0100

Abstract In malignant gliomas, the management of symptoms and minimization of side effects assume major importance. Corticosteroids provide transient relief from neurological symptoms. However, treatment with steroids is also commonly associated with considerable side-effects including: hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, myopathy, lymphopenia and others. Sometimes, antiepileptic drugs may contribute to clinical decline of neuro-oncological patients in stable disease not only by neuropsychological impairment but also by metabolic interations. Several studies have demonstrated a high frequency of hyponatremia among patients treated with carbamazepine and particularly with oxacarbamazepine. Venous thromboembolism is a common complication in patients with cancer and it is particular...

Fetal Effects of Anticonvulsant Polytherapies: Different Risks From Different Drug Combinations [Original Contribution]

Archives of Neurology — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The risk of malformations among infants exposed to lamotrigine and carbamazepine as polytherapy was higher than the corresponding monotherapies only when the polytherapy includes valproate. These findings suggest that counseling for fetal risks from AED polytherapy should be based on the specific drugs included. (Source: Archives of Neurology)

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Antiepileptic drug combinations—Have newer agents altered clinical outcomes?

Epilepsy Research — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Summary: In 2000, 332 (20.5%) of 1617 patients registered with the Western Infirmary Epilepsy Unit required antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy to remain seizure-free for at least 1 year. The analysis was repeated 10 years later. Of 2379 seizure-free patients, 20.4% (n=486 – 254 women, 232 men, aged 18–95 years [median age 49 years]) were receiving combination therapy. Two AEDs were taken by 395 (81.3%) patients in 2010, and by 287 (86.4%) in 2000. Sodium valproate with lamotrigine was the commonest of 64 successful pairings. As a combination, mean daily doses of both AEDs were lower (n=96; sodium valproate 1200mg, lamotrigine 155mg) than when sodium valproate was taken with carbamazepine or levetiracetam (n=42; 1621mg; p (Source: Epilepsy Research)

[Articles] Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antimanic drugs in acute mania: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis

LANCET — Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummaryBackgroundConventional meta-analyses have shown inconsistent results for efficacy of pharmacological treatments for acute mania. We did a multiple-treatments meta-analysis, which accounted for both direct and indirect comparisons, to assess the effects of all antimanic drugs.MethodsWe systematically reviewed 68 randomised controlled trials (16 073 participants) from Jan 1, 1980, to Nov 25, 2010, which compared any of the following pharmacological drugs at therapeutic dose range for the treatment of acute mania in adults: aripiprazole, asenapine, carbamazepine, valproate, gabapentin, haloperidol, lamotrigine, lithium, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, topiramate, and ziprasidone. (Source: LANCET)

Multivariate control charts based on net analyte signal (NAS) and Raman spectroscopy for quality control of carbamazepine.

Analytica Chimica Acta — Sat, 08 Oct 2011 03:45:34 +0100

Authors: Rocha WF, Poppi RJ Abstract Raman spectroscopy and control charts based on the net analyte signal (NAS) were applied to polymorphic characterization of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine presents four polymorphic forms: I-IV (dihydrate). X-ray powder diffraction was used as a reference technique. The control charts were built generating three charts: the NAS chart that corresponds to the analyte of interest (form III in this case), the interference chart that corresponds to the contribution of other compounds in the sample and the residual chart that corresponds to nonsystematic variations. For each chart, statistical limits were developed using samples within the quality specifications. It was possible to identify the different polymorphic forms of carbamazepine present in phar...

Carbamazepine: Toxic epidermal necrolysis: case report

Reactions — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 06:00:13 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Carbamazepine: DRESS syndrome: 2 case reports

Reactions — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 06:00:13 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Carbamazepine/cilostazol/omeprazole interaction: First report of an interaction, leading to fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 06:00:13 +0100

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Carbamazepine Differentially Affects the Pharmacokinetics of Fexofenadine Enantiomers

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 05:26:40 +0100

Conclusion: This study indicates that carbamazepine may alter the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Late-onset, Eruptive Syringoma in an Elderly Man: Correlation with Carbamazepine.

Acta Dermato-Venereologica — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Korekawa A, Nakajima K, Nishikawa Y, Matsuzaki Y, Nakano H, Sawamura D PMID: 21953350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Dermato-Venereologica)

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Italian Psychiatry

Pharmacopsychiatry — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Pharmacopsychiatry 2011; 44: 259-262DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286281Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aims to optimize pharmacotherapy treatment. Knowledge, availability and use of TDM for psychiatric patients, however, differ between countries. In this survey we analysed the practice in Italy of TDM for psychoactive drugs.A semi-structured questionnaire was sent out to 211 mental health centres (centro di salute mentale) and 10 university hospitals from each region in Italy.Feedback was obtained from 44 centres. Information collected by the questionnaires indicated that in Italian psychiatry TDM is used for lithium, valproic acid and carbamazepine. With regard to clozapine, TDM was regarded as the blood cell counting which is obligatory when prescribing this drug. TDM was not employed for anti...

Effect of lamotrigine and carbamazepine on corticotropin-releasing factor-associated serotonergic transmission in rat dorsal raphe nucleus

Psychopharmacology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:51:22 +0100

This study demonstrated that inhibition of CRF2-receptor-mediated serotonergic transmission is a mechanism shared by LTG and CBZ, two clinically related compounds, whereas LTG but not CBZ inhibits CRF1-receptor-mediated serotonergic transmission. Therefore, these mechanisms may contribute to the clinical actions of these agents. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2506-yAuthors Shunske Tanahashi, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center (BSAM), Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, JapanSatoshi Yamamura, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Brain Science and Animal Model Research Cent...

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Validation and use of in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) for the detection of emerging contaminants in fish.

Chemosphere — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, an in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) approach was developed and applied to the measurement of a variety of emerging contaminants (carbamazepine, naproxen, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, bisphenol A, fluoxetine, ibuprofen and atrazine) in fish. Our results indicated in vivo SPME was a potential alternative extraction technique for quantitative determination of contaminants in lab exposures and as well after exposure to two municipal wastewater effluents (MWWE), with a major advantage over conventional techniques due to its ability to non-lethally sample tissues of living organisms. PMID: 21955351 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chemosphere)

Topiramate versus Carbamazepine for the Treatment of Classical Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Meta-Analysis

CNS Drugs — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 01:37:52 +0100

(Source: CNS Drugs)

Granulomatous interstitial nephritis associated with atypical drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome induced by carbamazepine

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology — Sat, 24 Sep 2011 15:44:18 +0100

We report the case of a 70-year-old female patient with granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) induced by carbamazepine (CBZ). The patient had a 22-year history of bipolar disorder. Approximately 50 days before admission to our hospital, she was switched from valproic acid to 200 mg/day CBZ for mood swings. Forty days later, she presented with mild transient platelet depletion and liver dysfunction along with a C-reactive protein (CRP) level of 2.65 mg/dL. At that time, she discontinued CBZ without consulting the doctor. She subsequently developed high fever and a pruritic maculopapular rash. Laboratory tests revealed an elevated CRP level (11.98 mg/dL) and serum creatinine (sCr) of 1.6 mg/dL. Hence, she was admitted to our hospital, where she showed eosi...

Lithium, but not valproic acid or carbamazepine, suppresses impulsive-like action in rats

Psychopharmacology — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 15:46:08 +0100

Conclusion It is likely that lithium has a suppressive effect on impulsive action independent of the anorexic effect. Lithium may suppress impulsive behavior and thereby decrease the risk of suicide. The present results could provide an explanation for the antisuicidal effects of lithium and suggest that lithium could be a beneficial treatment for impulsivity-related disorders. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original InvestigationPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2496-9Authors Yu Ohmura, Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 JapanIku Tsutsui-Kimura, Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638 JapanHaruko Kumamot...

Effect of Different Excipients on the Physical Characteristics of Granules and Tablets with Carbamazepine Prepared with Polyethylene Glycol 6000 by Fluidized Hot-Melt Granulation (FHMG).

AAPS PharmSciTech — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to investigate the properties of granules and tablets with carbamazepine which were prepared employing a fluidized hot-melt granulation (FHMG) technique. The FHMG process was carried out at 65°C. Macrogol 6000 (PEG 6000) was used as a binder at the content 10% (w/w) of the granulated mass. Granules containing up to 70% (w/w) of the drug and 20-90% (w/w) of a filler (lactose, mannitol, calcium hydrogen phosphate (Di-Cafos), pregelatinized starch, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)) were produced. When the drug content was 30% (w/w), the yield of the process was satisfying (>95%) and flowability of the granules was better than placebo granules or drug-loaded granules prepared by wet granulation. Type of a filler had strong impact on physical properties o...

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Carbamazepine: Toxic epidermal necrolysis treated with infliximab in a child: case report

Reactions — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 07:55:36 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Analysis of ventricular late potentials in signal‐averaged ECG of people with epilepsy

Epilepsia — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummaryPurpose: There has been growing interest in cardiac disturbances in epilepsy patients and their etiologic role in the context of sudden death. Ventricular late potentials (VLPs) recorded on signal‐averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) reflects delayed ventricular depolarization and identifies the structural or functional substrate for the ventricular tachycardia in the reentry mechanism. Therefore, abnormal SAECG poses the potential of identifying patients at increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this exploratory study was to screen epilepsy patients who were treated with established doses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the presence of VLPs.Methods: Forty‐five consecutive patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy and 19 hea...

Dissolution and Solid-State Characterization of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs in the Presence of a Hydrophilic Carrier.

AAPS PharmSciTech — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Talukder R, Reed C, Dürig T, Hussain M Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a hydrophilic carrier on the solid-state and dissolution characteristics of poorly water-soluble drugs. Three poorly water-soluble drugs, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and nifedipine, were studied in combination with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a low molecular weight hydrophilic polymer, without the use of solvent. A 1:1 drug-polymer ratio was used to evaluate the percent drug release, crystallinity, and wettability. A drug-polymer ratio of 1:4 was also used in co-grinding process to evaluate the effect of polymer levels on drug release. Dissolution studies were carried out in deionized water. Mean dissolution time (MDT) was calculated, and statistical analysis of MDTs w...

A carbamazepine-indomethacin (1 : 1) cocrystal produced by milling

RSC - CrystEngComm latest articles — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 20:37:27 +0100

CrystEngComm, 2011, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1CE05650F, CommunicationMridul Majumder, Graham Buckton, Clare Rawlinson-Malone, Adrian C. Williams, Mark J. Spillman, Norman Shankland, Kenneth ShanklandAn X-ray amorphous mixture of carbamazepine and indomethacin transforms upon annealing to produce a novel 1 : 1 cocrystal.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - CrystEngComm latest articles)

Carbamazepine: Toxic epidermal necrolysis: case report

Reactions — Sun, 18 Sep 2011 23:35:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Study of the critical points and the role of the pores and viscosity in carbamazepine hydrophilic matrix tablets.

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Aguilar-de-Leyva A, Cifuentes C, Rajabi-Sihabbomi AR, Caraballo I Abstract Percolation theory has been applied to estimate the Hypromellose (HPMC) percolation thresholds and the influence of the polymer viscosity and the initial porosity on these thresholds in carbamazepine multicomponent matrix formulations. Different batches containing two viscosity grades of HPMC as hydrophilic matrix forming polymer, MCC and lactose as fillers, and a lubricant mixture have been manufactured varying the compression pressure in order to obtain matrices with three levels of initial porosity. The results suggested the existence of an excipient percolation threshold between 13 and 15% v/v of HPMC for the different batches prepared. It has been found that the percolation threshold for this p...

Shared and restricted T-cell receptor use is crucial for carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study establishes the key role of the TCR in the pathogenic mechanism of SJS/TEN, explains why some HLA-B∗1502 carriers are tolerant to CBZ, and provides a biomarker profile for drug hypersensitivity. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

Comparison of the efficacy of carbamazepine, gabapentin and lamotrigine for neuropathic pain in rats

Indian Journal of Pharmacology — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions : In paclitaxel induced neuropathic pain, lamotrigine appears to be a promising drug. The difference in responses shown by different antiepileptics' depends on the etiology of the underlying mechanisms in neuropathic pain. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)

Sulfobutyl Ether(7) β-Cyclodextrin (SBE(7) β-CD) Carbamazepine Complex: Preparation, Characterization, Molecular Modeling, and Evaluation of In Vivo Anti-epileptic Activity.

AAPS PharmSciTech — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The objective of the present investigation was to study the ability of sulfobutyl ether(7)-β-cyclodextrin to form an inclusion complex with carbamazepine, an anti-epileptic drug with poor water solubility. The formation of the complex was carried out using the industrially feasible spray-drying method. The inclusion complex and physical mixtures were characterized by various techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and molecular modeling. The DSC, IR, and NMR studies confirmed the formation of an inclusion complex between carbamazepine and sulfobutyl ether(7) β-cyclodextrin whereas XRD studies indicated an amorphous nature of the inclusion complex. Molecular modeling studies disclosed different m...

Review of Current Guidelines on the Care of Postherpetic Neuralgia

Postgraduate Medicine Online — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Charles E. Argoff, MD DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2011.09.2469 Abstract: An unfortunate minority of patients with acute herpes zoster (AHZ) experience pain beyond the typical 4-week duration, and roughly 10% develop the distressing complication of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), often defined as pain persisting for > 4 months after the onset of the rash. Elderly patients are at increased risk of PHN. The pathophysiology of PHN is complex, likely involving both peripheral and central processes. This complexity may create opportunities for pharmacologic interventions with multiple differing mechanisms of action. Consequently, complementary combinations of pharmacologic agents are frequently more effective than any monotherapy. Current US and international guidelines on the care of p...

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Genetic predisposition to oxcarbazepine induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report a female patient of 38 years with a history of drug allergy who was administered oxcarbazepine for the management of right partial bronchial seizure due to left parasagittal mass lesion following which she developed papular rashes all over the body and diagnosed as SJS. Although carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most common cause of SJS, a new anticonvulsant, oxcarbazepine, which is structurally related to CBZ, has been shown to induce SJS. (Source: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine)

Carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions and HLA genotypes in Koreans

Epilepsy Research — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: HLA-B*1502 does not seem to be an effective predictive marker for carbamazepine-induced SCAR, while HLA-B*1511 and A*3101 was associated with carbamazepine-induced SJS and HSS/SCAR respectively in the Korean population. (Source: Epilepsy Research)

The prescribing of antiepileptic drugs for pregnant Australian women

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Contemporary Australian obstetricians, even though they may not be valproate prescribers, when managing pregnancies in women taking valproate, need to be alert to the possibility that it may not be being used optimally from the fetal point of view, especially when not prescribed by neurologists. (Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Effect of acutely and chronically administered venlafaxine on the anticonvulsant action of classical antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock model.

European Journal of Pharmacology — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Borowicz KK, Gołyska D, Luszczki JJ, Czuczwar SJ Abstract The influence of acute and chronic treatments with intraperitoneal venlafaxine, a selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, on the anticonvulsant activity of selected antiepileptic drugs was studied in the maximal electroshock test in mice. Venlafaxine (12.5 and 25mg/kg), given either acutely or chronically, significantly increased the electroconvulsive threshold. Moreover, both acute and chronic venlafaxine, applied at the highest subprotective dose of 6.25mg/kg, enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of valproate, without affecting the protective action of carbamazepine, phenobarbital and phenytoin. The antidepressant did not affect brain concentration of valproate, indicating that the interaction betwee...

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Luciferin IPA-Based Higher Throughput Human Hepatocyte Screening Assays for CYP3A4 Inhibition and Induction

Journal of Biomolecular Screening — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The authors report here higher throughput screening (HTS) assays for the evaluation of CYP3A4 inhibition and CYP3A4 induction in human hepatocytes using a novel CYP3A4 substrate, luciferin IPA (LIPA). Using human recombinant CYP450 isoforms, LIPA was found to be metabolized extensively by CYP3A4 but not by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP2E1. In the 384-well plate CYP3A4 inhibition assay, the known inhibitors 1-aminobenzotriazole, erythromycin, ketoconazole, and verapamil were found to cause extensive (maximum inhibition of >80%), dose-dependent, statistically significant inhibition of LIPA metabolism. The non-CYP3A4 inhibitors diethyldithiocarbamate, quercetin, quinidine, sulfaphenazole, ticlopidine, and tranylcypromine were found to have substantially lower (maximum inhibition ...

Isolated Congenital Hypoplasia of Nasal Lower Lateral Cartilages and its Correction with Helical Rim and Conchal Cartilage Composite Grafts.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report here an example for the phenotype of Carbamazepine embyopathy with lower lateral cartilage hypoplasia and our surgical approach to solve the nasal problems. This unusual presentation and the literature surrounding infant nasal surgery are discussed. Key Words: airway obstruction, nasal valve surgery. PMID: 21905917 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal)

Are adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs different in symptomatic partial and idiopathic generalized epilepsies? The Portuguese-Brazilian validation of the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile.

Epilepsy and Behaviour — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report the results of administration of the Portuguese-Brazilian translation of the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile (LAEP) to 100 patients (mean age=34.5, SD=12.12; 56 females), 61 with symptomatic partial epilepsy (SPE) and 39 with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) (ILAE, 1989) who were on a stable antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen and being treated in a Brazilian tertiary epilepsy center. Carbamazepine was the most commonly used AED (43.0%), followed by valproic acid (32.0%). Two or more AEDs were used by 69.0% of patients. The mean LAEP score (19 questions) was 37.6 (SD=13.35). The most common adverse effects were sleepiness (35.0%), memory problems (35.0%), and difficulty in concentrating (25.0%). Higher LAEP scores were associated with polytherapy with three or more AEDs (P=0.0...

IEC: Zonisamide proves comparable to carbamazepine

Pharmacy Europe — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 09:35:00 +0100

New AED shows comparable efficacy and tolerability to carbamazepine (Source: Pharmacy Europe)

Development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis assay for the determination of the stereoisomeric purity of chloroquine enantiomers

Electrophoresis — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractA stereoselective CE assay for the determination of the enantiomeric purity of (R)‐(−)‐chloroquine and (S)‐(+)‐chloroquine was developed and validated. The separations were performed in a 50.2/40 cm uncoated fused silica capillary at 20°C using a 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, containing 30 mg/mL sulfobutylether(VII)‐β‐cyclodextrin as background electrolyte operated at an applied voltage of –25 kV and 20°C. The detection wavelength was 225 nm. Carbamazepine was used as internal standard. The assay was validated in the range of 0.05–1.0% for the respective minor chloroquine enantiomer based on a concentration of 3 mg/mL of the major enantiomer, either (R)‐(−)‐chloroquine or (S)‐(+)‐chloroquine. The method was applied to analyze the...

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Quality measurement of medication monitoring in the "meaningful use" era.

The American Journal of Managed Care — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: HEDIS quality metrics based on data typically collected from claims undermeasured quality of medication monitoring compared to EHR data. The HEDIS optional specification excluding hospitalized patients from the monitoring measure does not have a significant impact on reported quality. Integration of EHR data into quality measurement may significantly change some organizations' reported quality of care. PMID: 21902449 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The American Journal of Managed Care)

S139 carbamazepine potentiates morphine analgesia on postoperative pain in morphine-dependent rats

European Journal of Pain Supplements — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: European Journal of Pain Supplements)

A case with hyperkinetic frontal lobe epilepsy presenting as a psychiatric disturbance.

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report a case emphasizing the association of epilepsy with psychopathology. The patient was first referred for impulsive and inattentive behavior at the age of 4, and was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder. At the age of 7, intermittent daytime episodes characterized with sudden fear and purposeless running, jumping, clapping, and rocking started. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings did not reveal any abnormality. Two years later, night-time episodes started, which were quite similar to the daytime spells. An overnight EEG showed bilateral frontal spike and wave discharges predominating on the right. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed gliotic changes in the anterior frontal areas, and neuropsychologic assessment findings were compatible with frontal lobe damage. ...

SCN1B is Not Related to Benign Partial Epilepsy in Infancy or Convulsions with Gastroenteritis

Neuropediatrics — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

NeuropediatricsDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1285837AbstractWe hypothesized that benign partial epilepsy in infancy (BPEI) and convulsions with gastroenteritis (CwG) may have a similar genetic background, because previous studies indicate that clinical features overlap between BPEI and CwG. As carbamazepine is effective for cessation of clustering seizures in children with BPEI and CwG, some genetic mutations regarding sodium channels may be related to the development of BPEI and/or CwG. We focused on SCN1B encoding the voltage-dependent sodium channel β subunit. We explored SCN1B mutation in 6 children with BPEI and 6 children with CwG. Genomic DNAs were extracted from peripheral blood samples accumulated from the patients and all 5 exons of SCN1B were amplified by standard PCR amplification. ...

Drug residues and endocrine disruptors in drinking water: Risk for humans?

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental health — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Touraud E, Roig B, Sumpter JP, Coetsier C Abstract The presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in the environment raises many questions about risk to the environment and human health. Environmental exposure has been largely studied, providing to date a realistic picture of the degree of contamination of the environment by pharmaceuticals and hormones. Conversely, little information is available regarding human exposure. NSAIDS, carbamazepine, iodinated contrast media, β-blockers, antibiotics have been detected in drinking water, mostly in the range of ng/L. it is questioned if such concentrations may affect human health. Currently, no consensus among the scientific community exists on what risk, if any, pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors pose to human h...

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Carbamazepine overdose: Unconsciousness and respiratory insufficiency: case report

Reactions — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:26:04 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Carbamazepine overdose: Various toxicities: case report

Reactions — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:26:04 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 8-alkoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine derivatives

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 05:55:56 +0100

Abstract A novel series of 8-alkoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anticonvulsant activities by the maximal electroshock (MES) test and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test, and their neurotoxic effects were determined by the rotarod neurotoxicity test. Compound 8-pentyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine (3d) besides being one of the most active compounds had the lowest toxicity. In the anti-MES potency test, it showed median effective dose (ED50) of 17.5 mg/kg, and had protective index (PI) value of 6.5, which is slightly less than that of the prototyp...

Trends in the use of antiepileptic drugs in Taiwan from 2003 to 2007: A Population-Based National Health Insurance study

Epilepsy Research — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: An increase in the use of AEDs was observed over a 5-year period in data collected from NHIRD. This might implicate the use of newer compounds at clinical practice not only increased in the treatment of epilepsy, but also in the conditions other than epilepsy especially pain disorders. (Source: Epilepsy Research)

Pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine acetate at steady-state in adults with partial-onset seizures

Epilepsy Research — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Following once-daily oral administration of ESL 400mg, 800mg and 1200mg to epilepsy patients treated concomitantly with one or two other AEDs, ESL was rapidly converted to eslicarbazepine, which was the primary active compound found in plasma. Systemic exposure to eslicarbazepine was dose-proportional. (Source: Epilepsy Research)

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Vinpocetine inhibits glutamate release induced by the convulsive agent 4-aminopyridine more potently than several antiepileptic drugs

Epilepsy Research — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Summary: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a convulsing agent that in vivo preferentially releases Glu, the most important excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the brain. Here the ionic dependence of 4-AP-induced Glu release and the effects of several of the most common antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and of the new potential AED, vinpocetine on 4-AP-induced Glu release were characterized in hippocampus isolated nerve endings pre-loaded with labelled Glu ([3H]Glu). 4-AP-induced [3H]Glu release was composed by a tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive and external Ca2+ dependent fraction and a TTX insensitive fraction that was sensitive to the excitatory amino acid transporter inhibitor, TBOA. The AEDs: carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine at the highest dose tested only reduced [3H]Glu rel...

Evaluation of Anticonvulsants for Possible Use in Neuropathic Pain.

Current Medicinal Chemistry — Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Waszkielewicz AM, Gunia A, Słoczyńska K, Marona H Abstract Neuropathic pain is a kind of pain related with functional abnormality of neurons. Despite large progress in pharmacotherapy, neuropathic pain is still considered an unmet need. Nowadays, there are few drugs registered for this condition, such as pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine, carbamazepine, and lidocaine. Among them, pregabalin, gabapentin and carbamazepine are well known antiepileptic drugs.Among the group of new antiepileptic drugs, which are addressed to 1% of human world population suffering from seizures, it turned out that 30% of the seizures resistant to pharmacotherapy has not enough market to justify the costs of drug development. Therefore, it is already a phenomenon that researchers turn their pr...

Population pharmacokinetics of steady‐state carbamazepine in Egyptian epilepsy patients

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The POP PK model we have developed for CBZ shows good predictive performance in Egyptian adult and pediatric patients with epilepsy. Another PK study to better define the effect of different covariates would improve on the model for dosage individualization. (Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics)

Carbamazepine reduces short-interval interhemispheric inhibition in healthy humans

Clinical Neurophysiology — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We conclude that circuits mediating short interstimulus intervals of IHI are susceptible to sodium channel blockade.Significance: The results increase our knowledge of interhemispheric transmission. (Source: Clinical Neurophysiology)

Carbamazepine reduces short-interval interhemispheric inhibition in healthy humans.

Clinical Neurophysiology — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that circuits mediating short interstimulus intervals of IHI are susceptible to sodium channel blockade. SIGNIFICANCE: The results increase our knowledge of interhemispheric transmission. PMID: 21862399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Neurophysiology)

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HLA-B*1502 Screening and Toxic Effects of Carbamazepine

New England Journal of Medicine — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 21:00:21 +0100

New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 365, Issue 7, Page 672-673, August 2011. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia in Alcohol Recovery: A Systematic Review

Alcohol and Alcoholism — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Trazodone has the most data suggesting efficacy. This finding is tempered by a study suggesting its association with a return to heavy drinking in some patients. Data regarding the efficacy of gabapentin are unclear at this point. (Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)

Thyroid Hormone Levels in Children Receiving Carbamazepine or Valproate

Pediatric Neurology — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 22:18:46 +0100

Carbamazepine: Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: case report

Reactions — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 17:36:32 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Carbamazepine: Lupus erythematosus: case report

Reactions — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 17:36:32 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Carbamazepine/phenytoin: Rash and thrombocytopenia in a child: case report

Reactions — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 17:36:32 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

A painful tic convulsif due to double neurovascular impingement

The Journal of Headache and Pain — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:30:52 +0100

Abstract Here we present the case of a 50-year-old man suffering from “painful tic convulsif”, on the left side of the face, i.e., left trigeminal neuralgia associated with ipsilateral hemifacial spasm. An angio-MRI scan showed a neurovascular confliction of left superior cerebellar artery with the ipsilateral V cranial nerve and of the left inferior cerebellar artery with the ipsilateral VII cranial nerve. Neurophysiological evaluation through esteroceptive blink reflex showed the involvement of left facial nerve. An initial carbamazepine treatment (800 mg/daily) was completely ineffective, so the patient was shifted to lamotrigine 50 b.i.d. that was able to reduce attacks from 4 to 6 times per day to 1 to 2 per week. Considering the good response to the drug, th...

Chronic olanzapine treatment decreases arachidonic acid turnover and prostaglandin E2 concentration in rat brain

Journal of Neurochemistry — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTOlanzapine (OLZ) is used to treat bipolar disorder, but its therapeutic mechanism of action is not clear. Arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n‐6) plays a critical role in brain signaling and an upregulated AA metabolic cascade was reported in postmortem brains from bipolar disorder patients. Here we tested whether, similar to the action of the mood stabilizers lithium, carbamazepine and valproate, chronic OLZ treatment would reduce AA turnover in rat brain. We administered OLZ (6 mg/kg/day) or vehicle i.p. to male rats once daily for 21 days. A washout group received 21 days of OLZ followed by vehicle on day 22. Two hours after the last injection, [1‐14C]AA (170 μCi/kg) was infused intravenously for 5 min, and timed arterial blood samples were taken. After the rat was euthanized at 5 m...

Chronic valproate treatment blocks D(2)-like receptor-mediated brain signaling via arachidonic acid in rats.

Neuropharmacology — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: These results further support our hypothesis that similar to lithium and carbamazepine, VPA downregulates brain dopaminergic D(2)-like receptor signaling involving AA. PMID: 21839100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neuropharmacology)

CARBAMAZEPINE (Carbamazepine) Tablet [REMEDYREPACK INC. ]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 2, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Direct production of carbamazepine-saccharin cocrystals from water/ethanol solvent mixtures by membrane-based crystallization technology

RSC - CrystEngComm latest articles — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 03:24:04 +0100

CrystEngComm, 2011, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1CE05410D, CommunicationGianluca Di Profio, Valentina Grosso, Antonella Caridi, Rocco Caliandro, Antonietta Guagliardi, Giuseppe Chita, Efrem Curcio, Enrico DrioliDirect production of either carbamazepine crystals or carbamazepine-saccharin cocrystals from water/ethanol solvent mixtures by membrane crystallization technology.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - CrystEngComm latest articles)

Four mood stabilizers commonly induce FEZ1 expression in human astrocytes

Bipolar Disorders — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our data suggest that FEZ1 may play important roles in human astrocytes, and that mood stabilizers might exert their cytoprotective and mood‐stabilizing effects by inducing FEZ1 expression in astrocytes. (Source: Bipolar Disorders)

Carbamazepine on a carbamazepine monolayer forms unique 1D supramolecular assemblies

RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles — Sat, 30 Jul 2011 00:14:15 +0100

Chem. Commun., 2011, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1CC13590B, CommunicationErin V. Iski, Blair F. Johnston, Alastair J. Florence, E. Charles H. Sykes, Andrew J. UrquhartCarbamazepine on a pseudo-ordered carbamazepine monolayer on Au(111) forms previously unreported 1-dimensional supramolecular assemblies.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Chem. Commun. latest articles)

NICE issues guidance on use of retigabine for the adjunctive treatment of adults with partial onset seizures in epilepsy with and without secondary generalisation (TA 232)

NeLM - Guidelines — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Source: NICE Area: Evidence > Guidelines The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued guidance on the use of retigabine for the adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults aged 18 years and older with epilepsy. NICE recommends that retigabine is an option for the adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation in adults aged 18 years and older with epilepsy, only when previous treatment with carbamazepine, clobazam, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, sodium valproate and topiramate has not provided an adequate response, or has not been tolerated. Please see link for details. (Source: NeLM - Guidelines)

MedWorm: Carbamazepine

Vigabatrin versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy

Carbamazepine: Lichenoid eruption: case report

[Refractory epilepsy: use of the new definition and related risk factors. A study in the Mexican population of a third-level centre].

Analysis of carbamazepine serum by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and comparison with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA): an animal study

Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis

Surgical Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia: Comparison of the Effectiveness Between MVD and MVD+PSR in a Series of 210 Patients.

Analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A nested sequence‐specific primer‐polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HLA‐B*15:02

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 9-alkoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[c] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepines as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydrangea-Like F-Doped Titania Microspheres for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Carbamazepine under UV and Visible Light Irradiation

Neuromodulators for pain management in rheumatoid arthritis.

Vigabatrin versus carbamazepine monotherapy for epilepsy.

Is Conventional Hemodialysis Enough to Manage Carbamazepine Intoxication

CARBAMAZEPINE ER (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [American Health Packaging]

Reducing absorption and increasing elimination

Anticonvulsants

Pharmaceutical removal in tropical subsurface flow constructed wetlands at varying hydraulic loading rates.

CARBAMAZEPINE ER (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [American Health Packaging]

Carbamazepine: DRESS syndrome/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome: case report

Carbamazepine/trazodone interaction: Ataxic gait and worsening of tremor in an elderly patient: case report

Dress syndrome with sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumomediastinum

Use of anti-epileptic drugs in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India with emphasis on epilepsy due to neurocysticercosis

Carbamazepine/valproic acid: Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy: case report

CARBAMAZEPINE ER (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [American Health Packaging]

[Dravet syndrome as a cause of epilepsy and learning disability].

Association Between Paroxysmal Tonic Spasms and Neuromyelitis Optica [Observation]

Diagnosis and Treatment of Status Epilepticus in a Pediatric Renal Recipient

Successful treatment of severe disruptive disorder featuring symptoms of the Klüver-Bucy Syndrome following a massive right temporal-parietal hemorrhage

A patch testing and cross‐sensitivity study of carbamazepine‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions

CARBATROL EXTENDED RELEASE (Carbamazepine) Capsule [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

Commentary: pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Response 2 to pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a critical appraisal.

Response 1 to pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a critical appraisal.

Pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a critical appraisal.

Fast investigations from biological matrices using CE – Test of a blood–brain barrier model

Oxcarbazepine for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder

Topical Ophthalmic Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Do antiepileptic drugs or generalized tonic–clonic seizure frequency increase SUDEP risk? A combined analysis

Association of polymorphisms in EPHX1, UGT2B7, ABCB1, ABCC2, SCN1A and SCN2A genes with carbamazepine therapy optimization

Oxcarbazepine for acute affective episodes in bipolar disorder.

Antiepileptic Drugs for Bipolar Disorder and the Risk of Suicidal Behavior: A 30-Year Observational Study.

Neonatal seizures associated with a severe neonatal myoclonus like dyskinesia due to a familial KCNQ2 gene mutation.

Assessment of the health risks related to the presence of drug residues in water for human consumption: Application to carbamazepine.

Perioperative management of a parturient with hyponatraemia due to carbamazepine therapy

Behaviour of pharmaceuticals in spiked lake sediments - Effects and interactions with benthic invertebrates.

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs in Asians

Which psychotropic medications induce hepatotoxicity?

Bipolarity and inadequate response to antidepressant drugs: Clinical and psychopharmacological perspective

Med Sci Monit 2011; 17(12):CS149-151 "Gabapentin in the treatment of dementia-associated nocturnal agitation"

HLA alleles and drug hypersensitivity reactions

Hyperhomocysteinemia in Tunisian bipolar I patients

Effect of the timing of food intake on the absorption and bioavailability of carbamazepine immediate‐release tablets in beagle dogs

A case report of voriconazole therapy failure in a homozygous ultrarapid CYP2C19*17/*17 patient comedicated with carbamazepine

Conversion from enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs to topiramate: Effects on lipids and c-reactive protein

Treatment of epilepsy in adults: Expert opinion in China.

Carbamazepine/lamotrigine: Hyperammonaemia: case report

Carbamazepine/quetiapine overdose: Intestinal obstruction, treated with neostigmine: case report

Simultaneous quantification of centchroman and its 7-demethylated metabolite in rat dried blood spot samples using LC-MS/MS.

Sinus node dysfunction due to psychotropic agents combination

Carbamazepine overdose: Acute renal failure, electrolyte imbalance and large bowel obstruction: case report

A once‐per‐day, drug‐in‐food protocol for prolonged administration of antiepileptic drugs in animal models

Effects of long‐term antiepileptic drug monotherapy on vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis

Development of a bar adsorptive micro-extraction-large-volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method for pharmaceuticals and personal care products in environmental water matrices.

Lichenoid reaction to carbamazepine in the oral mucosa: case report

TEGRETOL (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Chewable TEGRETOL (Carbamazepine) Tablet TEGRETOL (Carbamazepine) Tablet, Extended Release [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

Fecal coliforms, caffeine and carbamazepine in stormwater collection systems in a large urban area.

Novel Graphene-Gold Nanoparticle Modified Electrodes for the High Sensitivity Electrochemical Spectroscopy Detection and Analysis of Carbamazepine

Early Life-Stage Toxicity of Eight Pharmaceuticals to the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas.

Medical Management of Chronic Liver Diseases (CLD) in Children (Part II): Focus on the Complications of CLD, and CLD that Require Special Considerations.

Changes in anticonvulsant prescribing for Australian children: Implications for Quality Use of Medicines

Pattern of antiepileptic drug–induced cell death in limbic regions of the neonatal rat brain

A critical look at phenytoin use for early post-traumatic seizure prophylaxis.

Evaluation of the seasonal performance of a water reclamation pond-constructed wetland system for removing emerging contaminants.

Generic substitution of antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of prospective and retrospective studies.

[Baclofen for alcohol addiction].

Carbamazepine hypersensitivity: progress toward predicting the unpredictable.

Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine polymorphs and dihydrate in rats, related to dogs and humans.

Trileptal Side Effects (Oxcarbazepine)

Applications of cathodoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging in the characterisation of pharmaceutical materials.

A case report of voriconazole therapy failure in a homozygous ultrarapid CYP2C1917/17 patient comedicated with carbamazepine