MedWorm: Cefuroxime

A fast, sensitive, and high throughput method for the determination of cefuroxime lysine in dog plasma by UPLC-MS/MS.

Talanta — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhao L, Zhao Y, Li Q, Chen X, Xiao F, He B, Wang J, Bi K Abstract In order to investigate the preclinical pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime lysine, a fast, sensitive and high throughput UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of cefuroxime in dog plasma. Cefuroxime and IS phenacetin were extracted from plasma samples by PPT or LLE procedure, and then separated on an ACQUITY UPLC™ BEH C(18) column with an isocratic elution of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in 10mM ammonium acetate (40:60, v/v). MRM using the fragmentation transitions of m/z 442→364 and 180→110 in positive ESI mode was performed to quantify cefuroxime and IS, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 2-400μg/ml for PP...

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Post-operative wound infection in salvage laryngectomy: does antibiotic prophylaxis have an impact?

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 12:27:15 +0100

Abstract Salvage laryngectomy carries a high risk of post-operative infection with reported rates of 40–61%. The purpose of this study was to analyse infections in our own patients and review the potential impact of our current antibiotic prophylaxis (AP). A retrospective analysis of infection in 26 consecutive patients between 2000 and 2010 undergoing salvage total laryngectomy (SL) following recurrent laryngeal cancer after failed radiotherapy or chemo-radiation was undertaken. The antibiotic prophylaxis was intravenous teicoplanin, cefuroxime and metronidazole at induction and for the following 24 h. Infection was defined by Tabet and Johnson’s grade 5, categorized as pharyngocutaneous fistula. Fifteen patients (58%) developed a post-operative wound infection, ...

Effects of Amlodipine on the Oral Bioavailability of Cephalexin and Cefuroxime Axetil in Healthy Volunteers.

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, the authors compared the effects of amlodipine (AML) on the bioavailability of cephalexin (LEX) and cefuroxime axetil (CXM). Twenty-four healthy men were randomized to 4 treatments according to a crossover design with a 14-day washout. After an overnight fast, they were administered orally LEX 500 mg alone, LEX 500 mg 2 hours after oral administration of AML 5 mg, CXM 500 mg alone, and CXM 500 mg 2 hours after oral administration of AML 5 mg. All participants completed the whole study without side effects being observed. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by noncompartmental modeling with WinNonlin software. The geometric mean (GM) ratios were 1.38 (90% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.45) for the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for LEX and 1.27 (1.18-1.36) for...

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet [Greenstone LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 19, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

NagZ-dependent and NagZ-independent Mechanisms for the β-lactamases Expression in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, nagZ of S. maltophilia was characterized, with its role in basal-level β-lactamase derepression, induced β-lactamase activities, and β-lactam resistance of KJΔDI, KJΔmrcA, and KJΔDIΔmrcA evaluated. Expression of the nagZ gene was constitutive and not regulated by AmpR, AmpD(I), AmpN, AmpG, PBP1a, and NagZ. Introduction of ΔnagZ into KJΔDI nearly abolished basal-level derepressed β-lactamase activity; conversely, introduction of ΔnagZ into KJΔmrcA did not affect it. At least two activator ligands (ALs) are thus considered responsible for β-lactamase expression in S. maltophilia system, specifically the NagZ-dependent (AL1) and NagZ-independent one (AL2) responsible for the basal-level derepressed β-lactamase activities of KJΔDI and KJΔmrcA, respectively. Contr...

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet [H.J. Harkins Company, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 30, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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CEFUROXIME SODIUMinjection, Powder, For Solution [Sagent Pharmaceuticals]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 29, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Analysis of the role of Bacillus subtilisσM in β‐lactam resistance reveals an essential role for c‐di‐AMP in peptidoglycan homeostasis

Molecular Microbiology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor σM is inducible by, and confers resistance to, several cell envelope acting antibiotics. Here, we demonstrate that σM is responsible for intrinsic β‐lactam resistance, with σX playing a secondary role. Activation of σM upregulates several cell wall biosynthetic enzymes including one, PBP1, shown here to be a target for the beta‐lactam cefuroxime. However, σM still plays a major role in cefuroxime resistance even in cells lacking PBP1. To better define the role of σM in β‐lactam resistance we characterized suppressor mutations that restore cefuroxime resistance to a sigM null mutant. The most frequent suppressors inactivated gdpP (yybT) which encodes a cyclic‐di‐AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). Intriguingly...

Analysis of the role of Bacillus subtilis σM in β‐lactam resistance reveals an essential role for c‐di‐AMP in peptidoglycan homeostasis

Molecular Microbiology — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

SummaryThe Bacillus subtilis extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor σM is inducible by, and confers resistance to, several cell envelope‐acting antibiotics. Here, we demonstrate that σM is responsible for intrinsic β‐lactam resistance, with σX playing a secondary role. Activation of σM upregulates several cell wall biosynthetic enzymes including one, PBP1, shown here to be a target for the beta‐lactam cefuroxime. However, σM still plays a major role in cefuroxime resistance even in cells lacking PBP1. To better define the role of σM in β‐lactam resistance, we characterized suppressor mutations that restore cefuroxime resistance to a sigM null mutant. The most frequent suppressors inactivated gdpP (yybT) which encodes a cyclic‐di‐AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). Intriguin...

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet, Film Coated [H.J. Harkins Company, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 23, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Management of blebitis in the United Kingdom: a survey

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion A wide variation exists in the management of blebitis among glaucoma consultants. A standard treatment regime does not exist at the moment. Further research is needed to ascertain effective strategies to manage this condition. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)

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Neither moxifloxacin nor cefuroxime produces significant attenuation of inflammatory mediator release in patients exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Neither moxifloxacin nor cefuroxime produced significant attenuation of the inflammatory cytokine response to CPB. The reasons why moxifloxacin did not have significant anti-inflammatory effects in this unique clinical situation may be: (i) the inflammatory response to CPB may be different from that of infectious disease states that were used to establish the immunomodulatory effects of moxifloxacin; and (ii) a single intravenous dose, which was used in this investigation, may not lead to high enough plasma and intracellular concentrations. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Modelling the concentration–time relationship in milk from cattle administered an intramammary drug

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Whittem, T., Whittem, J. H., Constable, P. D. Modelling the concentration–time relationship in milk from cattle administered an intramammary drug. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2885.2011.01352.x.Antimicrobial drugs are often infused directly through the streak canal into the bovine udder for the treatment or prevention of mastitis. These infusions have two major problems: drug residues in milk and variable antimicrobial efficacy. Both problems are influenced by the pharmacokinetics of intramammary delivery and elimination of drugs. This pharmacokinetics does not conform to the assumptions of traditional first‐order mamillary pharmacokinetic models. To help understand drug delivery into and elimination from the udder, a new approach to pharmacokinetic modelling of the...

Antimicrobial resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates in Taiwan.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The rates of resistance to cefaclor, cefuroxime, tetracycline and SXT are now increasing in Taiwan. Molecular typing showed that at least two closely related BRO-1 clones are circulating. Although amoxicillin + clavulanate remains the antimicrobial therapy of choice for M. catarrhalis infections, continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility and application of control measures against further transmission are required to inhibit the emergence of the resistant strains. PMID: 22154675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

CEFUROXIME AND DEXTROSEinjection, Solution [B. Braun Medical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 29, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Introduction of a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship process to decrease broad spectrum antimicrobial usage and HCAIs: Category: Lesson in Microbiology & Infection Control

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:46 +0100

In 2008, this provincial Teaching Hospitals Trust was identified to be poorly performing for both the monitored healthcare acquired infections (HCAI) in the UK: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) & Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia. Antimicrobial use in elderly patients (>80 years) already avoided cefuroxime. (Source: Journal of Infection)

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Effectiveness of the use of intracameral cefuroxime as prophylaxis in cataract surgery.

Farmacia Hospitalaria — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fontanet JM, March F, Morón A, Gorgas MQ PMID: 22118765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Farmacia Hospitalaria)

Cefixime/cefuroxime: Thrombocytopenia: case report

Reactions — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:51:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

[Urinary tract infections: antibiotic resistance and clinical follow up.]

Anales de Pediatria — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: de Lucas Collantes C, Cela Alvargonzalez J, Angulo Chacón AM, García Ascaso M, Piñeiro Pérez R, Cilleruelo Ortega MJ, Sánchez Romero I Abstract The initial treatment of the urinary tract infections (UTI) is empirical and it is a priority to determine the antibiotic resistance of most common germs in a population. Furthermore, due to the suspicion of acute pyelonephritis the presence of renal scarring should be ruled out as this may lead to further complications. A retrospective longitudinal study was performed on all children under 14 years diagnosed with UTI from January 1 2009 to December 31 2009. The in vitro susceptibility to the most important urinary pathogens was analysed, along with the presence of scars, and a subsequent follow-up. The most frequently isolate...

Synergistic effects of antibiotics and an N‐acyl homoserine lactone analog on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The combined application of the N‐acyl HSL analog and antibiotics was effective at reducing the viability of P. gingivalis cells in biofilms.Significance and Impact of Study: The combined application of the N‐acyl HSL analog and antibiotics may be successful for eradicating infections involving bacterial biofilms, such as periodontitis. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Alternative solution

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Sun, 23 Oct 2011 05:15:52 +0100

Qureshi and Clark report a case of macular infarction due to the inadvertent intraocular injection of cefuroxime that was intended as a subconjunctival injection. This serves as a timely warning of the dangers of excessive antibiotic dosage. However, I am not happy with their suggested way of preventing this mistake in the future. To mitigate the chance of a similar occurrence, they attach a different needle to the syringe containing the antibiotic than the needle used for intracameral injection. Surely, rather than mitigation, prevention of this complication could be achieved by the simple expedient of never having substances not intended for intracameral use on their instrument tray until the case is finished. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

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CEFUROXIME AND DEXTROSEinjection, Solution [B. Braun Medical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

In vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics to community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Tue, 20 Sep 2011 05:47:10 +0100

Abstract Community-associated (CA) MRSA often display low MIC values against oxacillin. The in vitro activity of various beta-lactam antibiotics against heterogeneous CA-MRSA (n = 98) isolated in a low endemic area was determined by Etest, and Mueller–Hinton agar (MUHAP) was compared with Mueller–Hinton agar supplemented with 2% NaCl (MUHSP). In general, the CA-MRSA isolates showed higher MIC values for the various beta-lactam antibiotics on MUHSP compared with MUHAP. MIC values for oxacillin ranged from 1 to >256 mg/L on MUHSP. Cephalothin, representing the first generation of cephalosporins, showed MICs from 0.75 to 96 mg/L and the MIC50 and MIC90 for cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefepime, representing the second, third and fourth generations, respective...

Increasing Trend of Resistance to Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Pakistan (1992–2009)

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 15:32:33 +0100

Emergence and spread of drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is global concern. We evaluated trends of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae over years 1992–2009 in Pakistan. Resistance rates were compared between years (2007–2009) and (1992–2006). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria using the disk diffusion methodology against penicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline and ofloxacin. Additional antibiotics tested in 100 strains isolated during 2007–2009, included cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefipime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, spectinomycin and azithromycin. Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226 was used as control. Chi-square for trend...

Urinary pathogens and drug susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections among antenatal clinic attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In conclusion, the incidence of culture‐positive urinary tract infection in pregnancy is common in Ibadan. More studies are needed to evaluate the susceptibility profile of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics in our environment. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

CEFUROXIME AND DEXTROSEinjection, Solution [B. Braun Medical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 6, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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[Which is the best empirical treatment in patients with urethritis?].

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. N. gonorrhoeae showed a level of resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin higher in the second period, being significant for ciprofloxacin. Quinolone resistance was higher in MSM. Haemophilus spp showed a level of resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline higher in the second period, being significant for tetracycline. U.urealyticum showed high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin (80.7%)and ofloxacin (32.4%) and low level of resistance to doxycycline (0.8%) and tetracycline (3.5%). PMID: 21947096 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia)

Serratia Ficaria isolated from sputum specimen.

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gul M, Dogan E, Kirecci E, Ucmak H, Dirican E, Karadag A Abstract Serratia ficaria was first described in 1979 as a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rod. S. ficaria was found in figs, but also isolated from human specimens in a few cases. We now report an isolate of S. ficaria from sputum specimen.A 46-year-old man was suffering from a chronic renal failure of five years, four months of peritoneal dialysis and one week of fever due to respiratory tract infection, accompanied by cough. Sputum culture yielded a Gram-negative rod. It was identified as S. ficaria and the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by automated Vitek II (bioMerieux). The tested S. ficaria strain was susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, cefepime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, imipenem, mero...

Elevated International Normalized Ratio values associated with concomitant use of warfarin and ceftriaxone.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 23:00:38 +0100

Conclusion A 67-year-old American Indian woman with previously stable INR values during long-term warfarin therapy after mitral valve replacement surgery had INR elevations on two occasions after receiving ceftriaxone for urinary tract infections. PMID: 21856805 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP)

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Prophylactic Cefuroxime Axetil Administered in Relation to a Liposuction Procedure

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery — Fri, 19 Aug 2011 05:50:12 +0100

This report describes a 42-year-old woman with TTP after prophylactic usage of cefuroxime axetil in relation to a liposuction procedure who was treated successfully with plasma exchange and VCR. The patient fully recovered after 17 TPEs and three doses of VCR. At this writing, her TTP still is in remission after 6 months of follow-up evaluation. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report in the literature describing a patient with TTP after cefuroxime axetil administered in relation to a surgical procedure who was treated successfully with TPE and VCR. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00266-011-9794-9Authors Ahmet Emre Eskazan, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul U...

Cefuroxime overdose: Retinal oedema and detachment in elderly patients following intracameral administration: 6 case reports

Reactions — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 17:36:32 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Inactivation of mrcA gene derepresses the basal-level expression of L1 and L2 {beta}-lactamases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Inactivation of mrcA, predicted to encode PBP1a, causes basal L1/L2 β-lactamase hyperproduction in S. maltophilia. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

PK/PD indices of antibiotics predicted by a semi-mechanistic PKPD model - a step towards model-based dose optimization.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study supports the use of PKPD models built from in vitro time-kill curves in the development of optimal dosing regimens for antibacterial drugs. PMID: 21807983 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Antibiotic Resistance in Microbial Keratitis: Ten-Year Experience of Corneal Scrapes in the United Kingdom

Ophthalmology — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study has documented the highest levels of gram-negative keratitis in any open retrospective survey to date and highlights a trend of increasing gram-negative infection. We have demonstrated reducing chloramphenicol sensitivity, with high sensitivity to combination gentamicin and cefuroxime, as well as ciprofloxacin. Gram-positive fluoroquinolone resistance was higher than previously reported in the United Kingdom, but showed no evidence of increasing resistance. Second-generation fluoroquinolone monotherapy remains the recommended empirical treatment in microbial keratitis in the United Kingdom, and a change to fourth-generation compounds is not advised. Continued testing is essential to monitor for increasing resistance.Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no pro...

CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Powder, For Suspension CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 13 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 13, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Cefuroxime: Macular infarction following inadvertent intracameral administration in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 18:34:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Outcomes of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis referred to a tertiary center from local hospitals in the south of China

Infection — Mon, 27 Jun 2011 17:50:15 +0100

Conclusion A relatively high rate of fungal endophthalmitis suggests that sterilization patterns in local hospitals should be further revised. A delayed presentation, inappropriate treatment procedures, poor presenting VA, and causative organism virulence may account for the unfavorable visual outcome in this study. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s15010-011-0138-0Authors Y. Ding, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of ChinaM. Lin, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, #54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060 People’s Republic of ChinaH. Liu, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongsh...

Comparison of single-dose and multiple-dose antibiotics for lower urinary tract infection in pregnancy

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To compare the efficacy of fosfomycin trometamol, cefuroxime axetil, and amoxicillin clavulanate antibiotics, and to assess the difference in patient compliance, in the treatment of urinary tract infections during pregnancy.Methods: Between September 2007 and May 2008, 90 out of 324 pregnant women with complaints of lower urinary tract infection, who were followed at the outpatient clinic or referred to the emergency department of Vakif Gureba Education and Research Hospital, were enrolled in a prospective study. Patients were randomized into 3 equal groups for treatment with single-dose fosfomycin trometamol, or 5-day courses of amoxicillin clavulanate or cefuroxime axetil. After follow-up, study data were obtained for 28, 27, and 29 patients, respectively.Results: Th...

Cefuroxime axetil: Liver failure: case report

Reactions — Sat, 18 Jun 2011 16:44:29 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Occupational contact allergy to cephalosporins.

Dermatol Online J — Mon, 13 Jun 2011 05:45:04 +0100

Authors: Antunes J, Silva R, Pacheco D, Travassos R, Filipe P Contact sensitivity to systemically administered drugs occurs mainly among healthcare workers and is frequently caused by antibiotics. A 32-year-old nurse presented with a 1½ year history of hand dermatitis and a 2 month history of palpebral eczema, which were clearly work related. Patch tests with standard and gloves series were negative. Testing of the products commonly handled by the patient were positive for cefradine and cefazolin. Testing of other cephalosporins the patient had not come in contact with were also positive for cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. This cross-reactivity may be explained by similar molecular structures. The patient stopped preparing cephalosporin solutions for systemic administration a...

ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Solution ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Powder, For Solution [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 8, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Efficacy of Limited Cefuroxime Prophylaxis in Pediatric Patients After Cardiovascular Surgery

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 10:28:56 +0100

Is a single day of cephalosporin prophylaxis effective? American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Forensic evidence emerges that European e.coli superbug was bioengineered to produce human fatalities

NaturalNews.com — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 07:00:00 +0100

(NaturalNews) Even as the veggie blame game is now under way across the EU, where a super resistant strain of e.coli is sickening patients and filling hospitals in Germany, virtually no one is talking about how e.coli could have magically become resistant to eight different classes of antibiotic drugs and then suddenly appeared in the food supply.This particular e.coli variation is a member of the O104 strain, and O104 strains are almost never (normally) resistant to antibiotics. In order for them to acquire this resistance, they must be repeatedly exposed to antibiotics in order to provide the "mutation pressure" that nudges them toward complete drug immunity.So if you're curious about the origins of such a strain, you can essentially reverse engineer the genetic code of the e.coli and de...

Low-energy shock waves enhance the susceptibility of staphylococcal biofilms to antimicrobial agents in vitro.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, biofilms grown on stainless steel washers were examined by electron microscopy. We tested ten experimental groups with Staph. aureus-coated washers and eight groups with Staph. epidermidis. The biofilm-cultured washers were exposed to low-energy shock waves at 0.16 mJ/mm(2) for 500 impulses. The washers were then treated with cefuroxime, rifampicin and fosfomycin, both alone and in combination. All tests were carried out in triplicate. Viable cells were counted to determine the bactericidal effect. The control groups of Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis revealed a cell count of 6 × 10(8) colony-forming units/ml. Complete eradication was achieved using the combination of antibiotic therapy (single antibiotic in Staph. aureus, a combination in Staph. epidermidis) and shock...

Cefuroxime: Pseudomembranous colitis in an infant: case report

Reactions — Mon, 30 May 2011 16:35:06 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Solution ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Solution [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 20 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Macular infarction after inadvertent intracameral cefuroxime

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Thu, 19 May 2011 14:28:31 +0100

We present the case of a 70-year-old patient who had uneventful cataract surgery. Because of a procedural mishap, the patient received an excess dose of intracameral cefuroxime of approximately 62.5 mg. Two weeks postoperatively, evidence of macular infarction with cystoid macular edema was seen on fundus fluorescein angiography. The patient was treated with 4.0 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone, but the visual acuity failed to improve; the final pinhole acuity was 3/60. Based on the postoperative progress, we speculate that a delayed mechanism of vascular toxicity is implicated. The importance of systematic procedures to reduce the risk for mistakes is emphasized, especially for a procedure such as cataract surgery where efficiency is increasingly important.Financial Disclosure: Neither au...

Authors' response

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study, which involved 13 698 patients, demonstrated that the incidence of endophthalmitis in treatment groups not receiving cefuroxime prophylaxis was almost five times as high as that of the groups receiving this treatment. Although the use of perioperative levofloxacin eye-drops as prophylaxis was also associated with a reduction in the observed incidence rate of postoperative endophthalmitis, this effect... (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)

Bacterial etiology and serotypes of acute otitis media in Mexican children.

Vaccine — Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Parra MM, Aguilar GM, Echaniz-Aviles G, Rionda RG, de Los Angeles Meza Estrada M, Cervantes Y, Pirçon JY, Van Dyke MK, Colindres RE, Hausdorff WP Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae have been consistently reported to be the two major bacterial pathogens responsible for acute otitis media (AOM), mainly from studies in the US and Europe. However, data on bacterial pathogens causing AOM in Latin America are limited. Understanding the relative importance of these pathogens in a specific setting, the serotype distribution, and their antibiotic susceptibility levels is important to provide local vaccine and treatment recommendations. We therefore conducted a prospective, multi-center, tympanocentesis-based epidemiological study of Mexican children three months to le...

ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Solution ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Solution [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 09 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet [Aurobindo Pharma Limited]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 02 May 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: May 2, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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An outbreak of Fusarium solani endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in an eye training and research hospital in Istanbul

Mycoses — Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryTo report an outbreak of Fusarium solani endophthalmitis after uneventful cataract surgeries performed on the same day in the same operating room. Nine patients underwent phacoemulsification at 4th Clinic of Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul. Cefuroxime axetyl was injected intracamerally from the same vial to all patients at the end of surgery. All patients developed acute postoperative endophthalmitis. Presentation, cultural studies, treatment, clinical responses and risk factors were evaluated. Cultural and DNA sequence findings revealed F. solani. Antifungal therapy was begun and pars plana vitrectomy, intraocular lens and capsule extraction were performed. Corneal involvement was correlated with old age and systemic disease. Fusarium solani should be conside...

Outcome for Gram-negative bacteraemia when following restrictive empirical antibiotic guidelines

QJM — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study also demonstrates the importance of adopting guidelines based on local susceptibility patterns. (Source: QJM)

Suppression of ciprofloxacin-induced resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dynamic kill curve system

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the in vitro dynamic kill curve system revealed that aminoglycosides, more than other classes of antibiotics, were effective against the CIP-induced resistant subpopulations. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

Management of blebitis in the United Kingdom: a survey.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology — Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet [Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 14 Apr 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Predominance of ST320 among Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A isolates from 10 Asian countries

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Although diverse clones were identified among 19A S. pneumoniae isolates, MDR ST320 was the predominant clone in Asian countries. Its predominance, even in countries with no or low coverage of PCV7, may indicate that its emergence and dissemination was due to more than just vaccine selection pressure in Asian countries. A longitudinal investigation of the change of serotypes and genotypes since the introduction of PCV7 is required to understand the emergence and dissemination mechanisms of a certain clone of 19A S. pneumoniae isolates. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Variation in the genetic environments of blaCTX-M-15 in Escherichia coli from the faeces of travellers returning to the United Kingdom

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion E. coli with CTX-M-15 ESBL from returning travellers harboured previously seen UK blaCTX-M-15 genetic environments (intact or 24 bp remnant of ISEcp1) as well as blaCTX-M-15 genetic environments previously unseen in the UK (various lengths of truncated ISEcp1), which suggest overseas acquisition and highlight the difficulty of control in a time of population mobility and travel. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Adult native septic arthritis: a review of 10 years of experience and lessons for empirical antibiotic therapy

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefuroxime would be adequate for empirical coverage of large-joint septic arthritis in our area. A broad-spectrum antibiotic would be significantly superior for small-joint infections in diabetics. Systematic coverage of MRSA is not justified, but should be considered for known carriers. These recommendations are applicable to our local setting. They might also apply to hospitals sharing the same epidemiology. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Ocular toxicity in cataract surgery because of inaccurate preparation and erroneous use of 50mg/ml intracameral cefuroxime

Acta Ophthalmologica — Tue, 05 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Acta Ophthalmologica)

In vitro selection of ramR and soxR mutants overexpressing efflux systems by fluoroquinolones as well as cefoxitin in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study shows that the ramR and soxR genes control the expression of efflux systems in K. pneumoniae and suggests the existence of efflux pumps other than AcrAB and of other loci involved in the regulation of AcrAB expression. PMID: 21464248 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

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Evaluation of disk diffusion methods to detect low‐level β‐lactamase‐negative ampicillin‐resistant Haemophilus influenzae

APMIS — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Nørskov‐Lauritsen N, Ridderberg W, Erikstrup LT, Fuursted K. Evaluation of disk diffusion methods to detect low‐level β‐lactamase‐negative ampicillin‐resistant Haemophilus influenzae. APMIS 2011; 119: 385–92.We evaluated the efficacy of disk diffusion methods for detection of low‐level β‐lactamase‐negative ampicillin‐resistant (low‐BLNAR) Haemophilus influenzae. Four hundred and seventy unselected, recent clinical isolates were tested with ampicillin (10 μg), cefaclor (30 μg) and cefuroxime (30 μg) on iso‐Sensitest agar enriched with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and horse blood [ST agar; Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics (SRGA) guidelines], and on chocolate agar (in‐house guidelines). Selected isolates (n = 147) were subjected to p...

CEFUROXIME AXETIL (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet [LUPIN PHARMACEUTICALS INC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 30 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 30, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Early macular thickening versus pseudophakic cystoid macular edema

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 20:50:27 +0100

In their recent report, Buyukyildiz et al. consider the possible toxicity of 2.0 mg/0.1 mL intracameral cefuroxime leading to postoperative macular edema. It is important to distinguish between pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) and acute macular thickening following cataract surgery. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

[Acceptability, compliance and schedule of administration of oral antibiotics in outpatient children.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the disparity in terms of acceptability among the different antibiotics prescribed for children even for the same drug, warranting evaluation for marketing of future generic drugs pediatric oral suspension. The disparity ranges for drugs three times daily asking consequences pharmacokinetics and dosage adjustment for a transition to two doses per day. PMID: 21420838 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

Role of prophylactic antibiotics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis

NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews — Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: This generally well-conducted review concluded that use of prophylactic antibiotics was not associated with a significant benefit for the prevention of infections in low-risk patients (those without cholelithiasis or cholangitis) who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This conclusion is likely to be reliable. [Included RCTs evaluated the antibiotics cefazolin, cefotetan, cefotaxime and cefuroxime.] CRD Commentary: The review question and inclusion criteria were clear. Several relevant databases were searched. Efforts were made to find published and unpublished studies to minimise the potential for publication bias. Publication bias was further evaluated and little evidence of it found. No language restrictions wer...

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CEFUROXIME AND DEXTROSEinjection, Solution [B. Braun Medical Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

A 12 year (1998-2009) antibiotic resistance surveillance of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from intensive care and urology patients in 14 Dutch hospitals

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions We observed an increase in resistance among ICU and urology isolates and an increased prevalence of ESBLs among ICU isolates. Carbapenemase production was not demonstrated. A regular update of empirical treatment protocols based on actual surveillance data is justified. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Azithromycin/cefuroxime: Toxic epidermal necrolysis: case report

Reactions — Sun, 13 Mar 2011 17:03:03 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Short-duration, single-agent antibiotic prophylaxis for meningitis in trans-sphenoidal surgery

Pituitary — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 23:35:18 +0100

Abstract Perioperative bacterial meningitis after trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary and parasellar lesions is an uncommon but serious complication. Little evidence guides the choice of chemoprophylaxis in this setting. To begin to address this deficiency, we investigated the incidence of perioperative meningitis in 442 patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and received a short chemoprophylaxis regimen with a single agent and did not require lumbar drainage. In 2005 we instituted a standardized antibiotic prophylaxis protocol for trans-sphenoidal surgery that utilized intravenous cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin with broad coverage and excellent spinal fluid penetration, administered 30 min before surgery and 8 h later. The primary endp...

Prophylactic antibiotics in necrotizing pancreatitis: a meta-analysis

NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews — Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: The authors concluded that prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce mortality, rate of infected necrosis or the need for surgical intervention in patients with necrotising pancreatitis, but that they did reduce the risk of non-pancreatic infections and length of hospital stay. Given the unclear quality of the included trials, the reliability of the authors' conclusions is unclear. [Prophylactic antibiotics used in the included trials were meropenem, cefuroxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole, and imipenem plus cilastatin or ofloxacin plus metronidazole.] CRD Commentary: The review addressed a clear question. Inclusion criteria for intervention, study design, outcomes and participants were well-defined. Sever...

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Updated national IV monograph Cefuroxime (Zinacef®)

NeLM - News — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Source: Medusa Area: News An updated IV monograph on Cefuroxime (Zinacef®) is now available from the NHS injectable medicines guide website (Medusa). Please see the link below for access (registration required). (Source: NeLM - News)

Spectrum of pathogens in surgical site infections at a Swiss university hospital.

Swiss Medical Weekly — Thu, 03 Feb 2011 02:45:22 +0100

Authors: Misteli H, Widmer AF, Rosenthal R, Oertli D, Marti WR, Weber WP The type of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is determined by the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing surgical site infections (SSI). The aim of this study was to define the microbiological features of SSI in general surgery patients at Basel University Hospital in order to validate our current strategy of single-shot SAP with 1.5 g cefuroxime (plus 500 mg metronidazole in colorectal surgery). PMID: 21253922 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Swiss Medical Weekly)

Predicting in vitro antibacterial efficacy across experimental designs with a semi-mechanistic PKPD model.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nielsen EI, Cars O, Friberg LE We have previously described a general semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) model that successfully characterised the time-course of antibacterial effects seen in bacterial cultures when exposed to static concentrations of five antibacterial agents of different classes. The total bacterial population was in this PKPD model divided into two subpopulations, one growing drug-susceptible population and one resting drug-insensitive population. The drug effect was included as an increase in the killing rate of the drug-susceptible bacteria with a maximum effect (Emax) model. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of this PKPD model to describe and predict data from in vitro experiments with dynamic concentration-...

Ocular toxicity after intracameral injection of very high doses of cefuroxime during cataract surgery

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 18:40:25 +0100

Purpose: To report cases of intraocular inflammation after intracameral injection of a very high dose of cefuroxime at the end of uneventful cataract surgery.Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.Design: Case series.Methods: Patients were followed on an outpatient basis and were examined postoperatively at 1 and 5 days and 6 weeks. Central macular thickness, angiography, central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and electroretinography (ERG) were analyzed to evaluate ocular toxicity.Results: One day postoperatively, the mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.95 logMAR ± 0.40 (SD). All the cases had moderate anterior inflammation. Retinal optical coherence tomography scans systematically showed extensive macu...

Urinary tract infection in children under 15 years: etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in a children's hospital

Revista Paulista de Pediatria — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 19:43:27 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: E. coli remains the most prevalent bacterial pathogen of community acquired urinary tract infection. Given the low in vitro susceptibility of these bacteria to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ampicillin, these drugs should not be elected as the initial choice for treatment. (Source: Revista Paulista de Pediatria)

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Ciprofloxacin-induced theophylline toxicity: a population-based study

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 16:31:06 +0100

Conclusion Treatment with ciprofloxacin is associated with a significant increase in the risk of theophylline toxicity. When clinically appropriate, alternate antibiotics should be considered for elderly patients receiving theophylline. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00228-010-0985-0Authors Tony Antoniou, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON CanadaTara Gomes, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON CanadaMuhammad M. Mamdani, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON CanadaDavid N. Juurlink, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada Journal European Journal of Clinical PharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-1041Print ISSN 0031-6970 (Source: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

A cross-sectional survey of snake oral bacterial flora from Hong Kong, SAR, China

Emergency Medicine Journal — Fri, 14 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion In the presence of wound infection from snakebite injury in Hong Kong, first line empirical antibiotics include amoxicillin/clavulanic acid plus levofloxacin. Prophylactic antibiotics may be considered in selected cases of Chinese cobra (N atra) bite, otherwise prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended in snakebite unless tissue necrosis is present. (Source: Emergency Medicine Journal)

CEFUROXIME (Cefuroxime Sodium) Injection, Powder, For Solution [Sagent Pharmaceuticals]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 05 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 5, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Microbial keratitis in Waikato, New Zealand

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our results are comparable to other regions in New Zealand but the incidence of coagulase negative staphylococcus is much higher in this region compared to other New Zealand studies. It seems appropriate to start patients with corneal ulcers initially on fluoroquinolone monotherapy while awaiting culture results. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology)

CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Powder, For Suspension CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 20, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 20, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Antimicrobial Use and Indication-based Prescribing Among General Practitioners in Eastern Croatia: Comparison with Data from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Project.

Croatian Medical Journal — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. Prescription of medicines in Osijek-Baranja county was characterized by high consumption of broad-spectrum penicillins, combined penicillins, combined sulfonamides and long-acting macrolides (azithromycin), together with disproportionately low use of doxycycline and erythromycin. The use of combined sulfonamides and azithromycin in this part of Croatia was among the highest in Europe. Great differences between prescribers in regard to indication-based prescribing have been found, and future studies should examine the factors behind these heterogeneous practices. PMID: 21162165 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Croatian Medical Journal)

Antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections: results from the Korean Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Tue, 07 Dec 2010 13:46:31 +0100

Abstract The Korean Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System was established and the first nationwide surveillance of bacterial uropathogens was conducted during the period from January 2008 to June 2009. With the cooperation of 34 medical centers throughout South Korea, a total of 1994 strains belonging to clinically relevant bacterial uropathogens were collected from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). To compare with past data, understand a trend of antimicrobial resistance, and ultimately determine new regimens for empirical treatment of uncomplicated cystitis, the antimicrobial susceptibilities against Escherichia coli in uncomplicated cystitis to commonly prescribed drugs were investigated. In uncomplicated cystitis, the most prevalent c...

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet, Film Coated [Ascend Laboratories, LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 06 Dec 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 6, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Study on the binding behavior of bovine serum albumin with cephalosporin analogues by chemiluminescence method.

Talanta — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 15:28:28 +0100

Authors: Wang Z, Song Z, Chen D The luminol-bovine serum albumin chemiluminescence system was proposed for the first time. It was found that the hydrophilic luminol bound to the hydrophilic domain at Trp(134) of BSA with accelerating the electrons transferring rate of excited 3-aminophthalate, which led to the enhancement CL intensity of luminol at 425nm. The increment of chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the concentrations of bovine serum albumin from 5.0×10(-11) to 1.0×10(-8)molL(-1) with the linear equation of ΔI=7.47C(BSA)+4.89 (R(2)=0.9950). Based on the remarkable quenching effect of cephalosporin on the luminol-bovine serum albumin chemiluminescence system, the interaction of bovine serum albumin-cephalosporin was studied by flow injection-chemiluminescence meth...

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Ampicillin / Sulbactam versus Cefuroxime as antimicrobial prophylaxis for cesarean delivery: a randomized study

BMC Infectious Diseases — Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Ampicillin/sulbactam was as safe and effective as cefuroxime when administered for the prevention of infections following cesarean delivery.Clinical trial No: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01138852 (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet [Rebel Distributors Corp]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 23, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Presence of free radicals in intracameral agents commonly used during cataract surgery

British Journal of Ophthalmology — Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The results indicate that free radicals are present in intracameral surgical agents and some are in the order of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide. The risks of endothelial damage must be considered when using multiple intracameral preparations in complicated cataract surgery. Free radicals in intracameral preparations may be a contributing cause in cases of toxic anterior segment syndrome. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)

Are all beta‐lactams similarly effective in the treatment of methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia?

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Sat, 13 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

SummaryMethicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is susceptible to many beta‐lactams. We compared between cloxacillin and cefazolin, the first‐line recommended antibiotics, and other beta‐lactams in the treatment of MSSA bacteremia. This was a retrospective cohort study. Included were adult patients with clinically‐significant MSSA bacteremia treated with a beta‐lactam that was started within 48 hours after blood cultures were taken. We separated between empirical treatment administered to the patient before receipt of final blood culture results and definitive treatment administered thereafter. Univariate and multivariable analyses for 30‐day (empirical treatment) and 90‐day (definitive treatment) mortality were conducted, including the type of beta‐lactam admin...

Are all beta‐lactams similarly effective in the treatment of methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia?

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Sat, 13 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractMethicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is susceptible to many beta‐lactams. We compared cloxacillin and cefazolin, the first‐line recommended antibiotics, and other beta‐lactams in the treatment of MSSA bacteraemia. This was a retrospective cohort study. Included were adult patients with clinically‐significant MSSA bacteraemia treated with a beta‐lactam that was started within 48 h after blood cultures were taken. We separated between empirical treatment administered to the patient before receipt of final blood culture results and definitive treatment administered thereafter. Univariate and multivariable analyses for 30‐day (empirical treatment) and 90‐day (definitive treatment) mortality were conducted, including the type of beta�...

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Early serous macular detachment after phacoemulsification surgery

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Fri, 29 Oct 2010 20:44:46 +0100

We report 2 cases of serous macular detachment with intraretinal fluid accumulation that developed 1 day after uneventful phacoemulsification surgery. Because of a dilution error, both eyes received 2 mg/0.1 mL of intracameral cefuroxime at the end of surgery. On postoperative day 1, the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/400 in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography revealed intraretinal fluid accumulation with serous macular detachment, and central foveal thickness measurements were 909 μm and 559 μm in Case 1 and Case 2, respectively. Case 1 responded to systemic acetazolamide, but the condition recurred after cessation of therapy; it then responded to systemic steroid treatment. Case 2 responded to an intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone and remained stable th...

POC26 A protracted course of neuroborelliosis, the debate continues

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry — Thu, 21 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

A 58-year-old lady who had waxing and waning nonspecific symptoms including fatigue and unsteadiness for 15 months became acutely confused 12 h prior to presentation. Her travel history prior to presentation consisted of visits to Argentina, Chile and the Outer Hebrides. On admission to a district hospital she was pyrexial and unresponsive. CT was normal, she had a lymphocytic pleocytosis of 500, protein of 1 g, a low glucose ratio and type 2 oligoclonal bands, CSF cytology and HSV were negative. Baseline blood tests, tumour markers, autoimmune screening including paraneoplastic antibodies and voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies were also negative. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple abnormal areas of high signal on T2 FLAIR sequencing within the cerebellum, ...

Ceftin (Cefuroxime Axetil) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Mon, 04 Oct 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Ceftin (Cefuroxime Axetil) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

Chromatographic studies of some cephalosporins on thin layers of silica gel G-zinc ferrocyanide.

Biomedical Chromatography : BMC — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Singh DK, Maheshwari G A simple, selective and precise thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the analysis of eight cephalosporin antibiotics, namely cephadroxil, cephalexin, cefixime, cefaclor, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefuroxime axetil, cefotaxime sodium and ceftriaxone sodium. The hR(F) values of these cephalosporins were investigated on silica gel G-zinc ferrocyanide layers. Mixing of zinc ferrocyanide with silica gel G resulted in a decrease in hR(F) values, removal of tailing and better resolutions. The influence of silica gel G-zinc ferrocyanide ratio and mobile phases on the chromatographic behavior of cephalosporins on thin layers was investigated. Cephalosporins were selectively separated in their binary and ternary synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutica...

Cefuroxime Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia — Thu, 23 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Manufacturers recommend that pediatric doses of cefuroxime (25-50 mg/kg) can be used in infants and children undergoing CPB to maintain adequate serum concentrations for surgical-site infection prophylaxis. A second intraoperative dose, administered through the CPB circuit, provides no additional prophylactic advantage. (Source: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia)

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Cefuroxime/vancomycin interaction: Intracameral precipitation: case report

Reactions — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 07:09:46 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Cefuroxime/doxycycline/telithromycin: Fatal Clostridium difficile infection: case report

Reactions — Mon, 13 Sep 2010 05:57:44 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Different antibiotic regimens for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Sun, 12 Sep 2010 02:48:06 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: We cannot draw any definite conclusion on the most effective and safest antibiotic regimen for the initial treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. One study showed advantages with a longer course of nitrofurantoin, and another showed better tolerability with ampicillin compared with pivmecillinam; otherwise, there was no significant difference demonstrated between groups treated with different antibiotics. Given this lack of conclusive evidence, it may be useful for clinicians to consider factors such as cost, local availability and side effects in the selection of the best treatment option. PMID: 20824868 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

TelA contributes to the innate resistance of Listeria monocyctogenes to nisin and other cell wall-acting antibiotics.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 15 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Collins B, Joyce S, Hill C, Cotter PD, Ross RP Nisin is a class I bacteriocin (lantibiotic) which is employed by the food and veterinary industries and exhibits potent activity against numerous pathogens. However this activity could be further improved through the targeting and inhibition of factors which contribute to innate nisin resistance. Here we describe a novel locus, lmo1967, which is required for optimal nisin resistance in Listeria monocytogenes. The importance of this locus, which is a homologue of the tellurite resistance gene telA, was revealed after screening of a mariner random mutant bank of L. monocytogenes for nisin susceptible mutants. The involvement of telA in nisin resistance was confirmed through analysis of a non-polar deletion mutant. In addition to be...

Cefuroxime: Urticaria and tinnitus: case report

Reactions — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 05:35:00 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Bacterial bloodstream infections in HIV-infected adults attending a Lagos teaching hospital.

Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition — Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This study demonstrates that coagulase-negative staphylococci and non-typhoidal Salmonellae are the most common aetiological agents of bacteraemia among HIV-infected adults attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The organisms were resistant to older-generation antibiotics often prescribed in this environment but were sensitive to vancomycin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and other new-generation antibiotics. PMID: 20824974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition)

Measurement and Correlation of Solubility of Cefuroxime Acid in Pure and Binary Solvents at Various Temperatures

Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data — Mon, 26 Jul 2010 19:08:14 +0100

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Volume 0, Issue 0, Articles ASAP (As Soon As Publishable). (Source: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data)

Presence of free radicals in intracameral agents commonly used during cataract surgery.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology — Sun, 18 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

RAHN-2, a chromosomal extended-spectrum class A {beta}-lactamase from Rahnella aquatilis

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Thu, 15 Jul 2010 16:11:02 +0100

Conclusions The new class A β-lactamase RAHN-2 is phenotypically difficult to detect and requires MIC determination. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of rapidly growing mycobacteria

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine — Fri, 09 Jul 2010 07:04:55 +0100

Conclusions : Out of the 148 RGM isolates 146 (98%) were susceptible to amikacin, 138 (91%) to gatifloxacin, 132 (87%) to moxifloxacin, 122 (76%) to ciprofloxacin and 116 (74%) to Norfloxacin. Majority of the RGM were resistant to Ceftazidime, Cephotaxime and Cefaperazone. All the M. abscessus isolates were resistant to tobramycin. The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method showed that majority of the RGM were sensitive to Amikacin followed by Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Ciprofloxacin (Source: Journal of Postgraduate Medicine)

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RCT: Co-trimoxazole oral solution as good as IV cefuroxime for prophylaxis in PEG?

NeLM - News — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Source: British Medical Journal Area: News According to the results of a randomised, controlled trial (RCT) published early online in the British Medical Journal, a new strategy involving the deposition of co-trimoxazole solution into a newly inserted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is at least as effective at preventing wound infections than intravenous (IV) cefuroxime given prior to the procedure. The authors note that infection is the most common acute complication associated with the insertion of a PEG catheter; infection at the site of insertion occurs in around one third of patients. A single IV dose of cefuroxime one hour prior to the procedure is the current gold standard of antibiotic prophylaxis and is recommended by the British Society of G...

Clostridium difficile in patients undergoing primary hip and knee replacement.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jenkins PJ, Teoh K, Simpson PM, Dave J, Simpson AH, Breusch S Antibiotic prophylaxis is routinely administered during joint replacement surgery and may predispose patients to Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD). The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence of this following joint replacement, using a cefuroxime-based regimen. Patients developing CDAD were compared with a control group of patients without CDAD. The incidence of the former was 1.7 per 1000 primary joint replacements. Those patients prescribed additional antibiotics had a higher incidence of CDAD (p = 0.047), but there was no difference between the two groups in relation to the use of gastroprotective agents (p = 0.703). A trial of a new prophylaxis regimen would require 43 198 patient...

Orthopaedic antimicrobial prophylaxis in the United Kingdom

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology — Sat, 26 Jun 2010 16:20:04 +0100

Abstract Using the Freedom of Information Act, a five-point questionnaire was sent to all NHS Trusts in the United Kingdom: Eighty two per cent of NHS Trusts in the UK who had an orthopaedic department replied. The top three antimicrobial prophylaxis regimes in orthopaedic surgery were cefuroxime alone (trauma 48%, elective 56%), flucloxacillin plus gentamicin (trauma 16%, elective 19%) and co-amoxiclav alone (trauma 10%, elective 5.6%). Forty nine per cent of Trusts involved changed antimicrobial prophylaxis regimes between August 2005 and July 2008, to restrict the use of cefuroxime. There was a 74% difference in C. difficile rates in Trusts who use cefuroxime when compared to any other antimicrobial regime. In Trusts that changed away from cefuroxime, there was a 33% red...

Clonal spread of CTX-M-15 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Croatian hospital.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

This study was conducted to detect and analyze the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with nosocomial outbreak at Croatian Hospital. During 2007, 162 K. pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins were collected from various hospital units and patient's specimens. Most of the strains were isolated from urine (61%), followed by blood cultures (13%), wound swabs (13%), tracheal aspirate (5%), intraabdominal abscess aspirates (4%), intravascular catheters (3%) and cerebrospinal fluid (1%). Medical wards were the most important source of the isolates (46%). 21% of the isolates originated from surgical ICU. All patients had infections acquired during the stay in the hospital. No community acquired...

CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet, Film Coated [Northstar Rx LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 23, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Biotic and abiotic degradation of four cephalosporin antibiotics in a lake surface water and sediment.

Chemosphere — Tue, 22 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jiang M, Wang L, Ji R Cephalosporins are widely used veterinary and human antibiotics, but their environmental fate and impacts are still unclear. We studied degradation of four cephalosporins (cefradine, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime) from each generation in the surface water and sediment of Lake Xuanwu, China. The four cephalosporins degraded abiotically in the surface water in the dark with half-lives of 2.7-18.7d, which were almost the same as that in sterilized surface water. Under exposure to simulated sunlight, the half-lives of the cephalosporins decreased significantly to 2.2-5.0d, with the maximal decrease for ceftriaxone from 18.7d in the dark to 4.1d under the light exposure. Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrate on photodegradation of the c...

Comparative in vitro activity of cefditoren and other antimicrobials against Enterobacteriaceae causing community-acquired uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: a Spanish nationwide multicenter study

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Mon, 14 Jun 2010 15:31:54 +0100

Abstract: Cefditoren is a third-generation orally administered cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. After an oral 400-mg single dose, the mean concentrations in urine are 186.5 mg/L at 2 to 4 h and 12.7 mg/L at 8 to 12 h, and it is a potential drug to be used in the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI). We performed a multicenter nationwide study in Spain in order to determine the in vitro activity of cefditoren and other comparative agents against Enterobacteriaceae causing community-acquired uncomplicated UTI in women. From June 2008 to March 2009, 89 institutions participated in the study. A total of 2152 Enterobacteriaceae were collected and sent to a coordinating laboratory where identification and antimicrobi...

Cefuroxime-axetil induced allergic angina: An insight into classification management of Kounis syndrome

International Journal of Cardiology — Thu, 03 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

A 40-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with the complaint of severe chest pain just starting 5min after ingesting an oral dose of 500mg cefuroxime-axetil. His past history was non significant for any allergic disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. He was a non-smoker. Physical examination including cardiovascular system was normal. There was no apparent sign of allergic reaction. Electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation in leads D2, D3, aVF compatible with acute inferior myocardial ischemia (A). He was immediately undertaken to the coronary angiography laboratory. When the catheter crossed the ascending aorta, he was relieved from chest pain and ST elevations returned to baseline spontaneously (B). Consequent coronary angiography reveale...

Contribution of a plasmid borne blaOXA-58 with its hybrid promoter provided by IS1006 and ISAba3-like to {beta}-lactam resistance in Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chen TL, Chang WC, Kuo SC, Lee YT, Chen CP, Siu LK, Cho WL, Fung CP The contribution of blaOXA-58 and its promoter to beta-lactam resistance has not been validated in non-baumannii Acinetobacter spp. We identified a multidrug (including carbapenem) resistant Acinetobacter genomic species 13 TU in which blaOXA-58 was the only detected carbapenemase gene. The blaOXA-58 gene was plasmid located, flanked by ISAba3 (downstream) and ISAba3-like (upstream). An IS1006 was inserted into ISAba3-like (IS1006-DeltaISAba3-like) to generate a hybrid promoter for blaOXA-58, with a -35 promoter located in IS1006 and a -10 promoter in ISAba3-like. The reference strain of Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU, ATCC 17903, revealed higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of amoxicillin, tica...

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from environmental sources associated with the cholera outbreak after 'AILA' cyclone in West Bengal, India

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Potable water plays a crucial role in cholera transmission. Natural disasters like the reported one aided with feacal[ndash]oral contamination enhance the possibilities of drinking water contamination.Significance and Impact of the Study: The application of the modified technique, making use of the enrichment subsequently followed by culture and PCR, will help us to detect the presence of toxigenic V. cholerae contamination in different aquatic environment. Moreover, natural extremes have a direct role in increase of salinity level, followed by higher predominance of V. cholerae along with their toxicity development in terms of genetic modification. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

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CEFUROXIME AXETILtablet, Film Coated [Goldline Laboratories, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 29 Apr 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Apr 29, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the compound Qingre granules.

Chinese Medical Journal — Mon, 19 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The growth of MRSA can be inhibited by QRKL or medicine serum of QRKL in vitro. The addition of QRKL results in increased sensitivity of MRSA to vancomycin and this may provide a novel treatment for patients with MRSA infection. PMID: 20497707 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Medical Journal)

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Comparison Between Cefuroxime and Two Specific Antistaphylococcal Agents

The Journal of Arthroplasty — Thu, 08 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: This is a prospective randomized study comparing cefuroxime to 2 antistaphylococal agents (fusidic acid and vancomycin), for prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in an institute, where methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) prevalence exceeds 25% of orthopedic infections. There were 3 patient groups. Group A included the patients who received cefuroxime, group B those who received fusidic acid, and group C those who received vancomycin. Patients were evaluated for the presence of superficial and/or deep infection at the surgical site. Statistical analysis did not reveal any substantial difference between the 3 groups. We do not recommend the use of specific antistaphyl...

Safety of Cefuroxime as an Alternative in Patients with a Proven Hypersensitivity to Penicillins: A DAHD Cohort Survey

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010;153:5360 (DOI:10.1159/000301579) (Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology)

Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery

Ophthalmology — Sat, 27 Mar 2010 14:58:25 +0100

Hatch et al with their large population-based study has indeed produced several benchmark statistics in the context of prevention of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. The incidence of endophthalmitis in their cohort was 1.4 per 1000. This was compared with that of Lundstorm et al who reported an incidence of 0.5 per 1000 in a cohort of over 225 000 cataract surgeries over a similar period. Hatch et al attribute this lower incidence to study methodology, case mix, surgical technique, surgeon volume, and the definition of endophthalmitis. It is not clear in the article by Hatch et al if intracameral antibiotics have been used as a prophylactic measure against endophthalmitis. In the Swedish study, 99% of cataract surgeries had intracameral cefuroxime. Multiple logistic regression analy...

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Comparative bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil suspension formulations administered with food in healthy subjects.

Arzneimittel-Forschung — Thu, 25 Mar 2010 16:34:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: Since the 90% CI for AUClast and Cmax ratios were within the 80-125% interval proposed by the US FDA, it was concluded that cefuroxime axetil (test formulation, 250 mg/5 mL suspension) was bioequivalent to a reference formulation under fed conditions, for both the rate and extent of absorption. PMID: 20329659 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Arzneimittel-Forschung)

Activity of Ceftaroline Against Recent Emerging Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the USA.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 22 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jacobs MR, Good CE, Windau AR, Bajaksouzian S, Biek D, Critchley IA, Sader HS, Jones RN The in vitro activity of ceftaroline was investigated against 891 US pneumococci collected in 2008 from 22 centers. Ceftaroline was the most potent agent tested, with MICs <0.008-0.5 mug/ml, and MIC90s <0.008-0.25 mug/ml against 11 prevailing serotypes. Overall susceptibilities were: penicillin G, 86.2%; ceftriaxone, 90.7%; cefuroxime, 70.1%; erythromycin, 61.6%; clindamycin, 79.2%; levofloxacin, 99.4%; vancomycin, 100%. Serotype 19A was least susceptible. These results support use of ceftaroline in pneumococcal infections, including those resistant to other agents. PMID: 20308374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Sat, 20 Mar 2010 06:22:03 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There were many studies with different methodologies investigating multiple antibiotics. For treatment of ambulatory patients with CAP, amoxycillin is an alternative to co-trimoxazole. With limited data on other antibiotics, co-amoxyclavulanic acid and cefpodoxime may be alternative second-line drugs. For severe pneumonia without hypoxia, oral amoxycillin may be an alternative to injectable penicillin in hospitalised children; however, for ambulatory treatment of such patients with oral antibiotics, more studies in community settings are required. For children hospitalised with severe and very severe CAP, penicillin/ampicillin plus gentamycin is superior to chloramphenicol. The other alternative drugs for such patients are ceftrioxone, levofloxacin, co-amoxyclavulanic acid and...

Comparative in vitro activity of tigecycline and other antimicrobial agents against Shigella species from Kuwait and the United Arab of Emirates

Journal of Infection and Public Health — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 15:45:07 +0100

In conclusion, Shigella spp. isolated from symptomatic patients in Kuwait and the UAE demonstrated high rates of resistance to the first-line antibiotics but very susceptible to the carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and tigecycline. Tigecycline holds promise as a potential drug of choice for the therapy of severe shigellosis. (Source: Journal of Infection and Public Health)

CEFUROXIME SODIUMinjection, Powder, For Solution [Samson Medical Technologies, L.L.C.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 11, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Emerging

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology — Tue, 09 Mar 2010 17:15:51 +0100

Verma S, Thakur S, Kanga A, Singh G, Gupta PIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2010 28(1):51-53This retrospective study incorporates a six years, six months (January 2000-June 2006) laboratory data comprising 258 isolates of Salmonella. Cultures were identified by standard methods. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S.Typhi) was the more frequent serotype isolated i.e., 61.62% with the remaining 38.37% being Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A). There was emergence of S. Paratyphi A as the predominant serotype in 2003-2004 with resurgence of serotype Typhi thereon. A total of 66.27% isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. MDR S. Typhi was 10.69% and while 13.13% were MDR S. Paratyphi A. There was decrease in resistanc...

Determination of an Inoculum Effect with Various Cephalosporins among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nannini EC, Stryjewski ME, Singh KV, Rude TH, Corey GR, Fowler VG, Murray BE Using 98 clinical MSSA isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), mild for cephalothin (especially type B and C), and nonexistence for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime. Ceftobiprole showed the lowest MICs at high inoculum but with a slight increase for Bla-positive versus Bla-negative strains. Since a potential therapeutic effect associated with a cephalosporin inoculum effect has been described, further studies are warranted. PMID: 20211890 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis during phaco-emulsification and intraocular lens implantation: national survey of smaller eye units in England

Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Routine phaco-emulsification and intraocular lens implantation is the commonest elective surgical procedure undertaken in the National Health Service and yet there is a wide variation in the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with or without 'penicillin allergy' despite The European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons recommendations in 2007. Less than half of the surgeons working in smaller ophthalmic units routinely used intracameral cefuroxime and in 'penicillin allergy' only one-third used cefuroxime. This survey highlights the reluctance of using cefuroxime in patients allergic to penicillin despite evidence to the contrary. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology)

[Changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from community diagnosed urinary tract infections during the period 2003-2007. Multicentre study in Castilla la Mancha (Spain).]

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We observed a significantly reduction of E. coli susceptibility for most antibiotics and an increase of E. coli isolates producing ESBLs. Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin are the best choices for empiric treatment. Prospective studies should be performed in the future to confirm the results of our study. PMID: 20232022 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia)

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of 41 Burkholderia mallei Isolates From Spontaneous Outbreaks of Equine Glanders in Punjab, Pakistan

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 antimicrobial agents for 41 isolates of Burkholderia mallei from natural outbreaks of equine glanders were determined by agar dilution. All isolates were intrinsically resistant to ampicillin (MIC90 ≥128). Resistance to other antimicrobials was as follows: 95.1% to amoxicillin and cephradine, 85.4% to cefuroxime and norfloxacin, 68.3% to ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone, 61.1% to ceftiofur, 58.5% to oxytetracycline, 41.5% to ciprofloxacin, 58.5% to roxithromycin, 17.1% cefotaxime, and 12.2% clarithromycin. Overall resistance patterns revealed that 17% of isolates were simultaneously resistant to amoxicillin, cephradine, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone and norfloxacin. None of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic ac...

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Acute Intravascular Haemolysis Associated with Intravenous Administration of Meropenem in a Sixty Four Year Old Man.

The Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Fri, 12 Feb 2010 12:10:04 +0100

We present the first reported case of severe intravascular haemolysis associated with the use of meropenem in a 64 year old man. The report highlights a further possible drug related cause of intravascular haemolysis. The patient, who had a background of dialysis dependent renal failure, epilepsy and learning difficulties, was admitted to the intensive care unit following laparotomy and large bowel resection. His background also included a reported childhood allergy to penicillin. Along with initial haemodynamic and ventilatory support he was treated with cefuroxime, metronidazole and gentamicin without incident. He went on to develop an abdominal collection, for which treatment included meropenem. Associated with the administration of meropenem was the development of severe intravascular ...

Cefuroxime axetil: Anaphylaxis with Kounis syndrome: case report

Reactions — Wed, 10 Feb 2010 14:08:42 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Effectiveness of intracameral cefuroxime in preventing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: Ten-year comparative study

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Purpose: To determine the differences in the endophthalmitis rates in cataract surgery before and after prophylactic use of intracameral cefuroxime.Setting: University Hospital Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.Methods: This prospective study evaluated patients who had cataract surgery at a university eye center over a 10-year period (1999 to 2008). Since the protocol's approval by the Hospital Board in October 2005 to the end of the 10-year period, cataract patients were routinely treated with prophylactic intracameral cefuroxime. A database was used to measure the occurrence of endophthalmitis postoperatively. Then, the incidence of endophthalmitis before and after generalized use of prophylactic cefuroxime was compared. The effect of cefuroxime was evaluated by the relative risk.Resul...

Assessing the accuracy of intracameral antibiotic preparation for use in cataract surgery

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This study shows that the mathematical accuracy of a dilution protocol does not ensure dosage accuracy in the clinical scenario. Inadequate mixing in a 1.0 mL syringe was probably responsible for the inaccuracy of protocol 2, indicating that small-volume syringes should not be used for mixing. However, protocol 1 had an acceptable range of variability. Replication of this study could evaluate other protocols and address concerns regarding the accuracy of intracameral antibiotic preparations.Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. (Source: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery)

Med Sci Monit 2010; 16(2):CR84-91 "Bacterial colonization of pleural drains in patients with lung cancer: An analysis of risk factors"

Medical Science Monitor — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 15:18:37 +0100

Conclusions: Patients with resectable lung cancer showed a high rate of pleural drain colonization, mainly by opportunistic pathogens, even in the absence of clinical signs of infection. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

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CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Powder, For Suspension CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 28, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Solution ZINACEF (Cefuroxime) Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, For Solution [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 28, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Cefuroxime axetil: Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in a child: case report

Reactions — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 14:05:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Are cefuroxime and vancomycin really safe on the corneal endothelial cells?

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:42:27 +0100

Conclusions Corneal endothelial cells are very sensitive to any form of toxic exposure. Using intracameral cefuroxime during the anterior segment surgery may be more toxic on the endothelial tissue in patients with vulnerable corneal endothelium. Because of the definite risk of dosage errors, these agents should be prepared in the hospital pharmacy and not in the operating theatre. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorneaDOI 10.1007/s00417-009-1267-3Authors Tök Y. Özlem, Ankara Training and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Ankara TurkeyDemir M. Necati, Ankara Training and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Ankara TurkeyYilmaz M. Fatma, Ankara Training and Research Hospital Department of Biochemistry Ankara TurkeyYilmaz Gülsen, Ankara Trai...

Emerging Salmonella Paratyphi A enteric fever and changing trends in antimicrobial resistance pattern of salmonella in Shimla

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology — Wed, 06 Jan 2010 16:14:05 +0100

Verma S, Thakur S, Kanga A, Singh G, Gupta PIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2010 28(1):51-53This retrospective study incorporates a six years, six months (January 2000-June 2006) laboratory data comprising 258 isolates of Salmonella. Cultures were identified by standard methods. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S.Typhi) was the more frequent serotype isolated i.e., 61.62% with the remaining 38.37% being Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A). There was emergence of �...

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Are local clinical guidelines useful in promoting rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis in Caesarean delivery?

Pharmacy World & Science — Tue, 29 Dec 2009 06:56:47 +0100

Conclusion In an attempt to ensure cost-effective prophylactic use of antibiotics in Caesarean delivery, local clinical guidelines were introduced. They resulted in changes in prescribing patterns of antibiotics. There was a significant decrease in use of ‘third’ generation of cephalosporin’s whereas the use of “older” antibiotics with proven efficacy and safety increased. In contrast, there was no significant change in treatment outcomes such as wound infection and average hospital stay. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11096-009-9359-zAuthors Svetlana Ristić, University of Belgrade Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics “Narodni front”, Medical School Belgrade SerbiaBranislava Miljković, University of Belgrade Department of Pharmacok...

Subjective Symptoms after Treatment of Early Lyme Disease

The American Journal of Medicine — Fri, 25 Dec 2009 14:25:15 +0100

Conclusion: No significant differences were identified between doxycycline and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of European patients with erythema migrans. The frequency of nonspecific symptoms in patients did not exceed that of a control group at ≥6 months after enrollment. We advocate inclusion of appropriate non-Lyme disease control groups in future studies in which nonspecific subjective symptoms are assessed after antibiotic therapy. (Source: The American Journal of Medicine)

CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Powder, For Suspension CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil) Tablet, Film Coated [GlaxoSmithKline LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 14 Dec 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 14, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Presumed endophthalmitis following Boston keratoprosthesis treated with 25 gauge vitrectomy: a report of three cases

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:16:42 +0100

Conclusion We present our experience from managing presumed bacterial endophthalmitis with 25 g PPV in patients previously implanted with Boston Kpro, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported before. Although the number of cases is small to draw accurate conclusions, we have to report that 25 g vitrectomy was performed without significant difficulties and seems to be a useful tool for the management of patients with Kpros requiring vitreoretinal surgery. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00417-009-1230-3Authors Ilias Georgalas, University of Athens Department of Ophthalmology, “G.Gennimatas” Hospital Athens GreeceAnastasios J. Kanelopoulos, Laser vision Institute Athens GreecePetros Petrou, University of Athens...

The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from infants and elderly persons

BioMed Central — Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Background: The aim of our study was to compare the presence of the intI1 gene and its associations with the antibiotic resistance of commensal Escherichia coli strains in children with/without previous antibiotic treatments and elderly hospitalized/healthy individuals. Methods: One-hundred-and-fifteen intestinal E. coli strains were analyzed: 30 strains from 10 antibiotic-naive infants; 27 from 9 antibiotic-treated outpatient infants; 30 from 9 healthy elderly volunteers; and 28 from 9 hospitalized elderly patients. The MIC values of ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole were measured by E-test and IntI1 was detected by PCR. Results: Out of the 115 strains, 56 (49%) carried class 1 integron genes. Comparing persons without medical intervention...

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Effect of cefuroxime and moxifloxacin on Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence to intraocular lenses.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology — Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our results suggest that moxifloxacin and cefuroxime significantly inhibit bacterial adherence to IOLs. The effect of moxifloxacin on inhibition of bacterial adherence was significantly greater than that of cefuroxime. For this reason moxifloxacin might be considered as a better prophylactic agent. PMID: 20029484 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology)

Evidence-based adjustment of antibiotic in pediatric complicated appendicitis in the era of antibiotic resistance

Pediatric Surgery International — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:07:27 +0100

Conclusions One-fourth of children with gangrenous or ruptured appendicitis were insensitive to the current regime. This study provides evidence-based information on the choice of antibiotics. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00383-009-2540-6Authors Kin Wai Edwin Chan, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR ChinaKim Hung Lee, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Department of Surgery Hong Kong SAR ChinaJennifer Wai Cheung Mou, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Depa...

Impact of a Change in Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Total Antibiotic Use in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Infection — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 06:57:25 +0100

Conclusion Change to single shot prophylaxis along with an ongoing antibiotic stewardship program resulted in a cut-back in total antibiotic use amounting to as much as 15%. It would therefore appear that targeting interventions aimed at reducing antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical ICUs may be very worthwhile. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical and Epidemiological StudyDOI 10.1007/s15010-009-9115-2Authors E. Meyer, Charité University Medicine Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Hindenburgdamm 27 12203 Berlin GermanyF. Schwab, Charité University Medicine Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Hindenburgdamm 27 12203 Berlin GermanyA. Pollitt, Klinikum Stuttgart, Katharinenhospital Institute of Hospital Hygiene Stuttgart GermanyW. Bettolo...

Acute uncomplicated cystitis: from surveillance data to a rationale for empirical treatment

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, increased co-trimoxazole non-susceptibility rates undermine its use as a first-line agent in empirical treatment, especially in cases of recent use of co-trimoxazole and/or amoxicillin. Fluoroquinolones display potent in vitro activity against community uropathogens, but prudent use is warranted for uncomplicated infections. Mecillinam and nitrofurantoin could serve as effective front-line agents in an effort to design fluoroquinolones-sparing regimens. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)