MedWorm: Chlorhexidine

Umbilical Cord Cleansing Vital For Newborn Health And Survival

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 22:00:00 +0100

Two recent studies published in The Lancet indicate that cleansing of the umbilical cord during childbirth could substantially reduce the risk of infection and rate of mortality in babies in developing countries. One of the studies, led by Prof Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Division of Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, assessed whether or not umbilical cord cleansing with 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution had any effect on the rate of cord infection (omphalitis) and neonatal mortality in babies... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Chlorhexidine umbilical cord care can save newborn lives

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health) Cleansing a newborn's umbilical cord with chlorhexidine can reduce an infant's risk of infection and death during the first weeks of life by as much as 20 percent, according to a study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study is the latest in a series of studies showing that umbilical cord cleaning with chlorhexidine can save lives. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Effect of disinfectant solutions on gutta‐percha and resilon cones

Microscopy Research and Technique — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, 5.25% NaOCl and MTAD are associated with local changes in surface roughness of gutta‐percha cones. No change was observed when 2% CHX was used. The use of all tested solutions did not produce any changes on Resilon surface. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Microscopy Research and Technique)

BD E-Z SCRUB 107 (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) Solution [Becton Dickinson And Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 31, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Effect of dental tissue conditioners and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on type I collagen microstructure analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Biomed Res — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical interaction of collagen with some substances usually applied in dental treatments to increase the durability of adhesive restorations to dentin. Initially, the similarity between human dentin collagen and type I collagen obtained from commercial bovine membranes of Achilles deep tendon was compared by the Attenuated Total Reflectance technique of Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Finally, the effects of application of 35% phosphoric acid, 0.1M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% chlorhexidine, and 6.5% proanthocyanidin solution on microstructure of collagen and in the integrity of its triple helix were also evaluated by ATR-FTIR. It was observed that the commercial type I collagen can be used as an efficient substitute for ...

New Developments in the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter Associated Infections

Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI) are one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections, resulting in significant morbidity and substantial excess cost. There is a growing recognition that most CLA-BSIs are preventable. Elimination of preventable CLA-BSI is the focus of a recently released CDC Guideline. Universal preventative measures include collaborative performance improvement using checklists and bundles, education of persons who insert and maintain catheters, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and chlorhexidine skin preparation. Technologic innovations including coated catheters, antimicrobial impregnated dressings, and antimicrobial lock solutions should be considered if the rate of CLA-BSI is not acceptable after application of universal precaut...

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Effect of enterocin AS-48 in combination with biocides on planktonic and sessile Listeria monocytogenes.

Food Microbiology — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:54:30 +0100

Authors: Caballero Gómez N, Abriouel H, Grande MA, Pérez Pulido R, Gálvez A Abstract Enterocin AS-48 was tested on a cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes strains in planktonic and sessile states, singly or in combination with biocides benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium bromide, triclosan, poly-(hexamethylen guanidinium) hydrochloride, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene, and the commercial sanitizers P3 oxonia and P3 topax 66. Combinations of sub-inhibitory bacteriocin concentrations and biocide concentrations 4 to 10-fold lower than their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) completely inhibited growth of the planktonic listeriae. Inactivation of Listeria in biofilms formed on polystyrene microtiter plates required concentrations...

Chlorhexidine delivery system from titanium/polybenzyl acrylate coating: Evaluation of cytotoxicity and early bacterial adhesion

Journal of Dentistry — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 22:07:44 +0100

ConclusionsPBA-0.35 coating is effective to inhibit the adhesion of early colonizers on Ti without any cytotoxic effect on UMR-106 cells. (Source: Journal of Dentistry)

Residues of calcium hydroxide‐based intracanal medication associated with different vehicles: A scanning electron microscopy evaluation

Microscopy Research and Technique — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 13:41:20 +0100

This study evaluated the presence of residues after removal of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] associated with different vehicles. Thirty single‐rooted teeth were instrumented to a master apical file #25 using 2.5% NaOCl as main irrigant and 17% trisodium EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) as final agent irrigant. Then, the root canals were dressed with Ca(OH)2 associated with silicone oil (Group 1), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (Group 2), or propylene glycol (Group 3). After coronal sealing, all teeth were kept in a moist environment at room temperature. After 7 days, the teeth were reopened and medicaments were removed using 5 mL of saline solution and instrumentation with master apical file followed by new irrigation with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. Subsequently, teeth were split longitudinally...

Release and diffusion of hydroxyl ion from calcium hydroxide‐based medicaments

Dental Traumatology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract – The release and diffusion of hydroxyl ions (OH−) of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)‐based intracanal medications may be affected by the association with other substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diffusion of OH− ions through root dentin by the medications: G1, Ca(OH)2/saline; G2, Calen; G3, Calen/camphorated p‐monochlorophenol (CMCP); and G4, Calen/0.4% chlorhexidine (CHX). Root canals from bovine teeth were prepared in a standardized manner. A cavity until dentin was prepared in the middle third of the root surface of each specimen. The external surface of the root was made impermeable using a layer of adhesive, except the prepared cavity. The root canals were filled with different medications, and teeth were individually stored in flasks containing...

Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin after antibacterial and chelating solution treatment.

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. The tetracycline HCl and CHX solutions do not have beneficial effects on µ-PO bond strengths of self-adhesive resin cements. Additionally, the results of this study do not justify the use of self-adhesive resin cements, following HEBP treatment of dentin. Clinical significance: The application of topical HEBP solution treatment to dentin could have adverse effects on the µ-PO bond strengths of RelyX(™) Unicem. PMID: 22251143 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica)

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Visibility of surgical site marking: a prospective randomized trial of two skin preparation solutions.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The use of the chlorhexidine-based solution for skin preparation resulted in significantly greater erasure of the surgical site marking than did the use of the iodine-based solution. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. PMID: 22257994 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume)

Effects of Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System Blockade on Chlorhexidine Gluconate‐Induced Sclerosing Encapsulated Peritonitis in Rats

Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 22:59:10 +0100

AbstractSclerosing encapsulated peritonitis (SEP) is a rare complication of long term peritoneal dialysis. Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) may play a role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of aliskiren, valsartan, and aliskiren + valsartan therapy on SEP. The study included 30 Wistar albino rats which were divided into five groups: I (Control) SF solution i.p.; II (CG group) chlorhexidine gluconate i.p.; III aliskiren oral plus CG i.p.; IV valsartan oral plus CG i.p.; and V aliskiren oral, valsartan oral and CG i.p. On the twenty‐first day, all of the rats were sacrificed. All of the groups were analyzed in terms of peritoneal thickness, degree of inflammation, vasculopathy, neovascularization and fibrosis. Als...

The metabolically active subpopulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms survives exposure to membrane‐targeting antimicrobials via distinct molecular mechanisms.

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractBiofilms are reported to be inherently refractory towards antimicrobial attack and therefore cause problems in industrial and medical settings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms contain subpopulations that exhibit high metabolic activity and subpopulations that exhibit low metabolic activity. We have found that membrane targeting antimicrobials such as colistin, EDTA, SDS, and chlorhexidine specifically kill the inactive subpopulation in P. aeruginosa biofilms, whereas the active subpopulation survives exposure to these compounds. Because treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms with the membrane targeting compounds colistin, EDTA, SDS, and chlorhexidine resulted in the same spatial distribution of live and dead bacteria, we investigated if tolerance to these compounds originated from the...

Alginate Gels Treated With Nonthermal Plasma: A Novel Wound Dressing

Journal of Surgical Research — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 22:29:49 +0100

Conclusions: These results suggest that this novel product has potential for clinical use. Future research will assess the toxicity of plasma-treated gels in vivo as well as the efficacy in treating clinically infected wounds. (Source: Journal of Surgical Research)

The efficacy of three hand asepsis techniques using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG 2%)

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 11:51:43 +0100

A degermação cirúrgica das mãos e dos antebraços é um procedimento que integra as atividades de paramentação cirúrgica como uma medida de prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Com o advento dos princípios antissépticos degermantes, a necessidade do uso de escovas para a degermação cirúrgica tem sido questionada e recomendado o abandono deste uso devido às lesões provocadas na pele. Com a finalidade de fundamentar a eficácia da técnica da degermação cirúrgica sem o uso de escovas ou esponjas, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar três métodos para degermação cirúrgica utilizando a formulação degermante de gluconato de clorexidina - GCH 2%: com escova, com esponja e sem artefato. Foram avaliados 29 profissionais da saúde, utilizando o método de caldo de ...

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Chlorhexidine: Anaphylaxis: case report

Reactions — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 23:22:43 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Effect of repeated immersion solution cycles on the color stability of denture tooth acrylic resins

Journal of Applied Oral Science — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 21:27:33 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Repeated immersion cycles in disinfecting solutions alter ΔE* values, however these values do not compromise the color of the tested denture tooth acrylic resins because they are imperceptible to the human eye. (Source: Journal of Applied Oral Science)

Corrosion in Haas expanders with and without use of an antimicrobial agent: an in situ study

Journal of Applied Oral Science — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 21:27:33 +0100

CONCLUSION: Color changes and peaks of chemical elements suggestive of corrosion were observed in the soldering point areas between the wire, silver brazing and band in both control and experimental groups, which indicate that the 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinses did not influence the occurrence of corrosion in situ. (Source: Journal of Applied Oral Science)

One Shared Goal: Successful Steps to Reduce Central-Line Bloodstream Infections

DukeHealth.org: Duke Health Features — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 19:10:49 +0100

Duke Raleigh Hospital's administration supported a Six Sigma infection prevention team to address the increase in central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) staff at Duke Raleigh joined the team after attending the North Carolina Quality Center collaborative meeting. The infection prevention team, along with the ICU champion, Stephanie Johnson-Dean, RN, worked to put together a plan to adopt the proven techniques and procedures that can reduce harm to patients through central-line bloodstream infections. The ICU staff embraced the evidence-based principles, and their resulting motto was “Every Patient, Every Time.” The ICU staff’s diligence paid off, as the unit has not had a central-line bloodstream infection in over 15 months. Staff fro...

Visual outcome in Japanese patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis

Eye — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 08:00:00 +0100

Authors: K Yamazoe, Y Yamamoto, S Shimazaki-Den & J Shimazaki (Source: Eye)

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MHRA reminds of potential for hypersensitivity with chlorhexidine

NeLM - News — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Source: MHRA Area: News This 'Stop Press' article published in the January 2012 issue of Drug Safety Update from the MHRA reminds healthcare professionals that chlorhexidine is known to induce hypersensitivity (including generalised allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock) and that products or medical devices containing chlorhexidine should not be administered to anyone with a possible history of an allergic reaction to chlorhexidine. The prevalence of chlorhexidine hypersensitivity is unknown, but it is likely to be rare. (Source: NeLM - News)

BD E-Z SCRUB CLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE ANTISEPTIC (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) Solution [Becton Dickinson And Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 12, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Effect of mouth-rinse formulations on oral malodour processes in tongue-derived perfusion biofilm model

Journal of Breath Research — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

An in vitro matrix biofilm perfusion model of tongue-derived microcosms for studying volatile sulfur compound (VSC) biogenesis has been previously described. The model was modified in order to monitor H 2 S in situ by use of a specialized electrode assembly based on microbial fuel cell technology. This system was designed to give real-time measurements expressed as electrode power output, which were proportional to H 2 S levels, measured by other means. In addition to the model modifications, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the biofilm responses following single or multiple exposure to biocidal, biostatic or VSC-inhibiting active compounds used in products. Tongue-derived biofilms ( n = 6 per experiment) were perfused with one-fifth strength BHI at 20 ml h −1 pH 7.2 and p...

Effect of Phenotypic Switching on the Biological Properties and Susceptibility to Chlorhexidine in Candida krusei ATCC 14243

FEMS Yeast Research — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study was carried out to evaluate the phenotypic switching ability of C. krusei ATCC 14243 and to determine its effect on the biological properties, adherence capacity and susceptibility towards chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). To induce switched generations C. krusei was cultured under nitrogen depleted growth condition by adding phloxine B. These phenotypically switched colonies were designated as the 1st generation. Subsequent sub‐culturing was done to produce the 2nd, 3rd and 4th switched generations. The recovery of the 3rd generation was the highest at 85.7% while that of the 4th generation was lower at 70.8%, and the recovery of the 1st and 2nd generations gradually reduced to 46.6% and 36.4%, respectively. All generations of C. krusei were susceptible towards CHX. The unswit...

Second Prize: Sustained Release Varnish Containing Chlorhexidine for Prevention of Biofilm Formation on Urinary Catheter Surface: In Vitro Study

Journal of Endourology — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 15:12:52 +0100

Journal of Endourology Jan 2012, Vol. 26, No. 1: 26-31. (Source: Journal of Endourology)

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The effects of mycophenolate mofetil on encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis model in rats.

Clinical Nephrology — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 07:58:50 +0100

Conclusions: MMF treatment has beneficial effects on EPS via inhibiting inflammation and neovascularisation by reducing dialysate VEGF overexpression. PMID: 22185962 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical Nephrology)

Effects of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Shear Bond Strength of a Silorane-based Resin Composite.

J Contemp Dent Pract — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 03:30:05 +0100

Conclusion: The use of the tested cavity disinfection agents, chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, propolis, ozone and Er,Cr:YSGG laser did not significantly affect the dentin bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite, filtek supreme. Clinical significance: Cavity disinfectant applications did not affect the dentin bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite. Keywords: Cavity disinfectants, Chlorhexidine, Sodium hypochlorite, Propolis, Ozone, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, bond strength How to cite this article: Arslan S, Yazici AR, Gorucu J, Ertan A, Pala K, Ustun Y, Antonson SA, Antonson DE. Effects of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Shear Bond Strength of a Siloranebased Resin Composite. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4): 279-286. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None declar...

Comparative evaluation of turmeric and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in prevention of plaque formation and gingivitis: a clinical and microbiological study.

J Contemp Dent Pract — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 03:30:05 +0100

Conclusion: From the above observations, it can be concluded that chlorhexidine gluconate as well as turmeric mouthwash can be effectively used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control methods in prevention of plaque and gingivitis. Chlorhexidine gluconate has been found to be more effective when antiplaque property was considered. Clinical significance: From this study, it could be stated that turmeric is definitely a good adjunct to mechanical plaque control. Further studies are required on turmeric based mouthwash to establish it as a low cost plaque control measure. Keywords: Turmeric mouthwash, Chlorhexidine mouthwash, Gingival index, Quigley Hein plaque index. How to cite this article: Waghmare PF, Chaudhari AU, Karhadkar VM, Jamkhande AS. Comparative Evaluation of Turmeric and Chl...

Evaluation of Residual Antimicrobial Effects and Surface Changes of Gutta-Percha disinfected with Different Solutions.

J Contemp Dent Pract — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 03:30:05 +0100

Conclusion: In the limits of this study, immersion of gutta-percha into 2% CHX for one minute was found the most effective method to eliminate the selected microorganisms. Clinical significance: Although gutta-percha points are aseptic in their package, once opened and used, gutta-percha cones may be contaminated. In order to eliminate bacteria and not to cause surface changes on gutta-percha cones, disinfection solution must be selected carefully. Keywords: Chlorhexidine, Gutta-percha disinfectants, Octenidine hydrochloride, Sodium hypochlorite. How to cite this article: Sahinkesen G, Oktay EA, Er, Kocak MM, Kilic A. Evaluation of Residual Antimicrobial Effects and Surface Changes of Gutta-Percha disinfected with Different Solutions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(1):47-51. Source of suppor...

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Is Alcohol-Based Hand Disinfection Equivalent to Surgical Scrub Before Placing a Central Venous Catheter?

Anesthesia and Analgesia — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:As the initial cleansing method, the alcohol-only cleanser (method 3) was significantly less effective than the traditional surgical scrub (method 1) (P < 0.001). PMID: 22190557 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia)

AFM Study of the Effects of Collagenase and its Inhibitors on Dentin Collagen Fibrils

Journal of Dentistry — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 22:47:40 +0100

ConclusionsExogenous collagenase II effectively degraded human dentin collagen fibrils, and its collagenolytic activity was inhibited by the exogenous collagenase inhibitors, chlorhexidine and captopril. (Source: Journal of Dentistry)

Aqueous 2% chlorhexidine-induced chemical burns in an extremely premature infant

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Chlorhexidine gluconate 2.0% w/v aqueous solution (AquiHex 2%) was used to prepare the skin before umbilical catheter insertion soon after birth in a non-identical preterm twin born at 25+4 weeks gestation. Two hours later, the skin in the right iliac fossa, right flank, the periumbilical area, perineum and groin turned erythematous. Over the subsequent 6 h, the skin became pale (figure 1). The epithelium was lost in the affected areas, and the appearance was consistent with mixed-depth, partial-thickness burns. These injuries completely healed with conservative management over 4 weeks with no residual scarring. Interestingly, the other twin, who also needed umbilical catheter placement, did not develop any burns as the antiseptic solution was entirely wiped off with normal saline immediat...

Comparison of different treatment modalities for oral halitosis.

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. The use of a tongue scraper did not provide additional benefits to the active mouth rinse, but reduced OLS and tongue coating index. PMID: 22149929 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica)

Implant Healing Caps Exposed: Recommendations?

Dental Implants Discussed by Experts — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 00:46:26 +0100

Two weeks after the surgery the implant healing caps became exposed and I advised the patient to use chlorhexidine gel over the implants. (Source: Dental Implants Discussed by Experts)

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Chemical Interaction of Alexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite

Journal of Endodontics — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:20:36 +0100

Conclusions: The interaction of ALX and NaOCl did not produce PCA or precipitates, and the color of the reacted solution changed transparent with decreasing ALX concentration. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

BD E-Z SCRUB 107 (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) Solution [Becton Dickinson And Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Comparison of the Effect of Various Irrigants on Apically Extruded Debris after Root Canal Preparation

Journal of Endodontics — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The type of irrigant used can affect the amount of apically extruded debris. The 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite had the greatest amount of debris. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

Chlorhexidine: Anaphylaxis in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 07:29:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Gram-negative periodontal pathogens and bacterial endotoxin in metallic orthodontic brackets with or without an antimicrobial agent: An in-vivo study

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinses can be useful to reduce the levels of gram-negative periodontal pathogenic microorganisms in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Considering the increased amount of bacterial endotoxin after chlorhexidine gluconate use, further research is necessary to develop clinical procedures or antimicrobial agents with action against bacterial endotoxin adhering to metallic brackets. (Source: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics)

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Antimicrobial activity of two techniques for arm skin disinfection of blood donors in Brazil

Transfusion Medicine — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Arm skin disinfection with 10% povidone–iodine produced better antimicrobial activity. We must acknowledge that 10% povidone–iodine technique has the limitation of being a two‐stage method. However, prevention of adverse events due to bacterial contamination and transfusion reactions should be prioritised. Production of hypoallergenic and stronger antiseptics that allowed a safe one‐stage disinfection technique should be encouraged in health systems, not only in Brazil but also around the world. (Source: Transfusion Medicine)

The short‐term effects of various oral care methods in dependent elderly: comparison between toothbrushing, tongue cleaning with sponge brush and wiping on oral mucous membrane by chlorhexidine

Gerodontology — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: It was suggested that the use of not only a toothbrush but also chlorhexidine gluconate may be indicated for dependent elderly people in whom pathogens of opportunistic infection are detected. (Source: Gerodontology)

EYEWASH STATION ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE (Chlorhexidine Gluconate And Propylene Glycol) Liquid [Niagara Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 29, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Optimising single‐visit disinfection with supplementary approaches: A quest for predictability

Australian Endodontic Journal — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 04:52:55 +0100

AbstractReduction of the bacterial populations to levels compatible with periradicular tissue healing is the primary microbiological goal of the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. New systems and substances have been proposed to improve root canal disinfection either by replacing conventional chemomechanical procedures or by supplementing their effects. This review focuses on supplementary approaches for optimised single‐visit disinfection (OSD). The main OSD strategies reviewed include: final rinse with chlorhexidine, MTAD or iodine potassium iodide; sonic or ultrasonic activation of NaOCl; and photodynamic therapy. It is concluded that some OSD approaches may have the potential to improve disinfection in a single visit, but most of the results so far represent low...

Persistent Extraradicular Infection in Root-filled Asymptomatic Human Tooth: Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis and Microbial Investigation after Apical Microsurgery

Journal of Endodontics — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:07:29 +0100

Conclusion: Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria and extraradicular biofilm seem to participate in the maintenance of persistent periapical pathology, and endodontic retreatment followed by periapical microsurgery proved to be a successful alternative in the resolution of persistent extraradicular infections. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

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Prevention of VAP with Oral Antiseptics

SCCM RSS News — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 22:34:25 +0100

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) poses a significant patient safety threat for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and has attributable mortality rates that may exceed 50%. In the November issue of Lancet Infectious Diseases, Sonia Labeau, MD, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether oral care with chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine (experimental; antiseptic group) reduced the occurrence of VAP compared with absence of oral care, or oral care with other products (control)... (Source: SCCM RSS News)

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of endodontic irrigants.

The International Journal of Artificial Organs — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to compare in vitro, by MTT assay, the antimicrobial efficacy of Niclor 5 (5% NaOCl solution), Cloreximid (0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.2% cetrimide solution), 3% hydrogen peroxide and 17% EDTA against two microorganisms associated with primary endodontic infections. Methods: Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans strains were selected for this test. Freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated, inoculated with bacterial strains and then divided into different groups, each of them rinsed with Niclor 5 (5% NaOCl solution), Cloreximid (0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.2% cetrimide solution), 3% hydrogen peroxide,17% EDTA and with 5% NaOCl solution (positive control). Results: Even though all the tested irrigating solutions demonstrated a...

Antibacterial and smear layer removal ability of a novel irrigant, QMiX

International Endodontic Journal — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion QMiX and NaOCl were superior to CHX and MTAD under laboratory conditions in killing E. faecalis and plaque bacteria in planktonic and biofilm culture. Ability to remove smear layer by QMiX was comparable to EDTA. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide‐based intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis

International Endodontic Journal — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion In this laboratory study using extracted teeth all calcium hydroxide‐based medicaments were able to significantly reduce the CFU mL−1 values of E. faecalis in the root canal system. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

Essential Oil Mouthwash (EOMW) may be Equivalent to Chlorhexidine (CHX) for Long-Term Control of Gingival Inflammation but CHX Appears to Perform Better Than EOMW in Plaque Control

The Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice — Sun, 13 Nov 2011 05:05:28 +0100

Article Title and Bibliographic Information: Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review.Van Leeuwen MPC, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA.J Periodontol 2011 Feb;82(2):174-94. Epub 2010 Nov 2.Reviewer: Anthony L. Neely, DDS, MDentSc, PhDPurpose/Question: To determine whether essential oil mouthwash is comparable to chlorhexidine gluconate with respect to reducing plaque and gingival inflammation and promoting calculus accumulation and extrinsic stainingSource of Funding: Some support came from the Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University AmsterdamType of Study Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis of dataLevel of Evidence: Level 1: Good-quality, patient-oriented evid...

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Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Bisphosphonates are used worldwide as a successful treatment for people with osteoporosis, which is the major underlying cause of fractures in postmenopausal women and older adults. These agents are successful at increasing bone mass and bone trabecular thickness, decreasing the risk of fracture, and decreasing bone pain, enabling individuals to have better quality of life. Bisphosphonates are also used to treat multiple myeloma, bone metastasis, and Paget's disease; however, bisphosphonate treatment may result in negative side effects, including osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). ONJ involves necrotic, exposed bone in the jaw, pain, possible secondary infection, swelling, painful lesions, and various dysesthesias, although less‐severe cases may be asymptomatic. First‐generation bisphosph...

CHLORASCRUB SWABSTICK (Chlorhexidine Gluconate And Isopropyl Alcohol) Solution [Professional Disposables International, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 7, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens and immunomodulatory effects and toxicity of geopropolis produced by the stingless bee Melipona fasciculata Smith

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In summary, geopropolis produced by M. fasciculata can exert antimicrobial action against S. mutans and C. albicans, with significant inhibitory activity against S. mutans biofilms. The extract with the highest flavonoid concentration, HAE-2, presented the highest antimicrobial activity. In addition, a geopropolis-based gel is not toxic in an animal model and displays anti-inflammatory effect. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

Inhibition of Endogenous Dentin Matrix Metalloproteinases by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid

Journal of Endodontics — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Seventeen percent EDTA significantly inhibits endogenous MMP activity of human dentin within 1–2 minutes. This might minimize hybrid layer degradation after resin bonding procedures in the root canal space. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

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CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATErinse [Sunstar Americas, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 3, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

In vitro antibacterial activity of different endodontic irrigants

Dental Traumatology — Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: 50°C‐preheated hydrogen peroxide 12 volumes and Tetraclean showed highest inhibition of the bacterial growth. (Source: Dental Traumatology)

[Articles] Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with oral antiseptics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummaryBackgroundWe did a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of randomised trials to assess the effect of oral care with chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine on the prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia versus oral care without these antiseptics in adults.MethodsStudies were identified through PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and complementary manual searches. Eligible studies were randomised trials of mechanically ventilated adult patients receiving oral care with chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

Reducing PICU Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections: 3-Year Results

PEDIATRICS — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Focused attention on consistent adherence to the use of pediatrics-specific central line insertion and maintenance bundles produced sustained, continually decreasing PICU CLA-BSI rates. Additional use of either chlorhexidine for central line entry scrub or chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges did not produce any statistically significant additional reduction in PICU CLA-BSI rates. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Multiple applications of flurbiprofen and chlorhexidine chips in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized, double blind, parallel, 2-arms clinical trial.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Frequent applications of CHX and FBP chips resulted in a significant improvement in the periodontal condition in these sites. Furthermore studies will be required to compare this new treatment regimen to SRP or SRP with single chip application. PMID: 22092475 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Clinical Periodontology)

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Clinical evaluation of chlorhexidine and essential oils for adjunctive effects in ultrasonic instrumentation of furcation involvements: a randomized controlled clinical trial

International Journal of Dental Hygiene — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the use of EOs as a cooling liquid of UMI may promote slight adjunctive effects at FI compared to CHX and water. (Source: International Journal of Dental Hygiene)

Two-stage treatment protocol of keratocystic odontogenic tumour in young patients with Gorlin–Goltz syndrome: Marsupialization and later enucleation with peripheral ostectomy. A 5-year-follow-up experience

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 01:32:15 +0100

Conclusions: The main advantage of this modality is the preservation of important anatomical structures involved in the lesion and jaw's continuity. Therefore in a selected group of cooperative patients, especially those affected of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome, the surgical protocol exposed allows for a less invasive approach with excellent results avoiding extensive disfiguring procedures. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)

Oral Health Promotion Interventions on Oral Reservoirs of Staphylococcus Aureus: A Systematic Review

Oral Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 01:09:11 +0100

Conclusions: Although many chemical agents contained in oral hygiene products have proven in vitro activity against S. aureus, their clinical effectiveness and potential role as adjuncts or alternative therapies to conventional treatment remains to be confirmed by further high‐quality randomized controlled trials. (Source: Oral Diseases)

Intralaboratory validation, comparison and application of HPLC-UV-DAD methods for simultaneous determination of benzalkonium chloride, chlorexidine digluconate and triclosan

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society — Thu, 27 Oct 2011 23:00:39 +0100

The objective of this work was the development of methodology for the fast and simultaneous determination of CD, TR and the BAC homologues (C12, C14 and C16) using HPLC-UV-DAD. Two isocratic reverse-phase systems were optimized: system C8 - column SB-C8 (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) using a mobile phase composed of ACN and H3PO4/NaH2PO4 buffer 0.03 mol L-1, pH 2.0 (80:20, v/v); 2.0 mL min-1 and system CN - column SB-CN (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) using a mobile phase composed of ACN and HOAc/NaOAc buffer 0.1 mol L-1, pH 5.0 (70:30, v/v); 2.0 mL min-1. In both systems the total analysis time was lower than 6 min, leading to high throughput and low production of solvent rejects. Linear ranges with two magnitude orders were found for the five substances in both systems. The sensitivity of system C8 for t...

Safety of chlorhexidine gluconate used for skin antisepsis in the preterm infant

Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: A K Chapman, S W Aucott & A M Milstone (Source: Journal of Perinatology)

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In vitro study of the properties of Streptococcus mutans in starvation conditions

Archives of Oral Biology — Wed, 26 Oct 2011 10:55:45 +0100

Abstract: Objectives: The present study is to assess Streptococcus mutans survivability in different starvation conditions and to determine the resistance of starved S. mutans to lethal acid and two common anti-caries agents, sodium fluoride (NaF) and chlorhexidine acetate (CHX).Methods: S. mutans survival rates in sterile water, PBS, sterile saliva, 1/5 strength BHI and BHI were determined at a given time by plate count of viable cell. The resistance of starved S. mutans and control S. mutans to four times the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of NaF, two times the MBC of CHX and acid (pH 2.8) was evaluated and compared respectively. Furthermore, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to observe the morphologic characteristics of the starved S. mutans cells.R...

IDSA: Antiseptic Bath Cuts Infection in Kids in ICU (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:30:00 +0100

BOSTON (MedPage Today) -- Daily bathing with chlorhexidine reduced the risk of bacteremia in critically ill children by 35%, a researcher said here. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

CHLORASCRUB MAXI SWABSTICK (Chlorhexidine Gluconate And Isopropyl Alcohol) Solution [Professional Disposables International, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 24, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CHLORASCRUB SWAB (Chlorhexidine Gluconate And Isopropyl Alcohol) Solution [Professional Disposables International, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 24, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CHLORASCRUB MAXI SWABSTICK (Chlorhexidine Gluconate And Isopropyl Alcohol) Solution [Professional Disposables International, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 24, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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CHLORASCRUB SWAB (Chlorhexidine Gluconate And Isopropyl Alcohol) Solution [Professional Disposables International, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 24, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Food components with anticaries activity.

Current Opinion in Biotechnology — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gazzani G, Daglia M, Papetti A Abstract Caries is the most common oral infectious disease in the world. Its development is influenced also by diet components that interfere with pathogen mutans group Streptococci (MGS) activity. A very active research to identify functional foods and their components that are generally recognised as safe has been ongoing, with the aim of developing alternative approaches, to the use of synthetic chlorhexidine, and at the reduction or prevention of caries. Until now convincing evidence exists only for green tea as a functional food for oral health, partly owing to its high content of catechins, especially epigallocatechin-gallate. A number of other foods showed potential anticaries activity. Some other foods able to act against MGS growth a...

Color stability of relined dentures after chemical disinfection. A randomized clinical trial

Journal of Dentistry — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 01:44:41 +0100

ConclusionChanges in some color parameters (ΔL, Δa and Δb) of the reline resin Tokuyama Rebase were observed when the dentures were disinfected by perborate and chlorhexidine digluconate 2% solutions. The color stability of was also influenced by time, regardless of disinfection or nondisinfection.Clinical implications: Color stability of the denture materials is one variable to be considered when choosing disinfection methods. The data this study will be useful to clinicians when they are selecting disinfectant solutions for disinfection of relined denture. (Source: Journal of Dentistry)

Iatrogenic skin injury in hospitalized patients

Clinics in Dermatology — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:59:17 +0100

Abstract: Iatrogenic skin injuries in hospitalized patients range from drug-related complications to those related to procedures. Common drug complications include drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), linear immunoglobulin (Ig) A bullous dermatosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Contact dermatitis can result from surgical preparations of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine, medical adhesives, topical postsurgical ointments, most commonly neomycin and bacitracin, and internal prostheses, including coronary stents, pacemakers, and metal joints. Complications arising from procedures include thrombosis caused by placement of peripherally inserted central catheters, pyoderma gangrenosum from sites of ...

Influence of chlorhexidine application on longitudinal adhesive bond strength in deciduous teeth

Brazilian Oral Research — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:12:50 +0100

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of applying 2% chlorhexidine for 30 seconds after phosphoric acid conditioning of dentin on the immediate and long-term bond strengths in deciduous teeth. The occlusal enamel was removed from 40 human sound deciduous molars, which were exfoliated by natural means, and the dentin was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and washed with running water. The specimens were divided into two groups of 20 teeth. The test group received an application of 2% chlorhexidine for 30 seconds prior to a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system, whereas the control group received only the adhesive system. Three cylindrical restorations were made with a composite resin for each tooth. Ten teeth in each group were submitted to a microshear b...

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Effect of tetracycline on the bond performance of etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin

Brazilian Oral Research — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:12:50 +0100

This study evaluated the effect of modified tetracycline on the resin-dentin bond strength (µTBS), silver nitrate uptake (SNU) and solution homogeneity (SH) of two adhesives. Dentin surfaces were treated with phosphoric acid, rinsed off and either rewetted with water (control group - CO), 2% minocycline (MI), 2% doxycyline (DO) or 2% chlorhexidine (CH). Adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 and Prime Bond NT) and composite were applied and light-polymerized. Specimens were sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.8 mm²) to test under tension at 0.5 mm/min. For SNU, specimens were immersed in silver nitrate and analyzed by EDX-SEM. SH was qualitatively analyzed after mixing the adhesives with different solvent-based solutions containing MI, DO and CH. Lower µTBS values were observed in the D...

Effects of Subtherapeutic Concentrations of Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Germ Tube Formation of Oral Candida

Medical Principles and Practice : Last 20 articles — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Med Princ Pract (DOI:10.1159/000332569) (Source: Medical Principles and Practice : Last 20 articles)

Intolerance of Chlorhexidine as a Skin Antiseptic in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 16:11:41 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 32, Issue 11, Page 1144-1146, November 2011. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Effect of disinfection and storage on the flexural strength of ocular prosthetic acrylic resins

Gerodontology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the flexural strength only changed after 120 days of storage for samples disinfected with chlorhexidine. However, all flexural strength values obtained herein were acceptable clinical limits for the acrylic resins. (Source: Gerodontology)

Mother and youth access (MAYA) maternal chlorhexidine, counselling and paediatric fluoride varnish randomized clinical trial to prevent early childhood caries

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. Maternal postpartum CHX regimen, oral health counselling and preventive child FV applications were not more efficacious than maternal counselling with child therapeutic FV for precavitated lesions for ECC prevention. FV for young children with brief maternal CHX use and oral health counselling may need to be combined with additional or longer‐term therapies to significantly reduce ECC in high‐risk populations. (Source: International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry)

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Effects of liposome-encapsulated clodronate on chlorhexidine gluconate-induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. These data suggest that macrophages play a critical role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis and that LC may be useful for treating peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Antimicrobial effect of endodontic solutions used as final irrigants on a dentine biofilm model

International Endodontic Journal — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions One per cent sodium hypochlorite was the only irrigant that had a significant effect on biofilm viability and architecture. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

GuardIVa: a novel antimicrobial haemostatic IV dressing: Part 1.

British Journal of Nursing — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Donnellan PD, Real K, Beilliú MN Abstract HemCon GuardIVa® is a hydrophilic polyurethane sponge dressing impregnated with the broad spectrum antimicrobial agent chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and a proprietary formulation of the haemostatic agent oxidized cellulose. The intended use of the dressing is to absorb exudate, cover and protect catheter sites. Some common applications include intravenous (IV) catheters, other intravenous catheters and percutaneous devices. GuardIVa is also the only IV site dressing indicated to control surface bleeding from percutaneous access sites. A clinical study in healthy human volunteers has demonstrated the ability of the GuardIVa dressing to significantly suppress skin flora re-growth. The antimicrobial and haemostatic efficacy of the ...

Antimicrobial activity of Calendula officinalis, Camellia sinensis and chlorhexidine against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures after extraction of unerupted third molars

Journal of Applied Oral Science — Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:44:08 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Calendula officinalis L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze presented antimicrobial activity against the adherence of microorganisms to sutures but were not as efficient as chlorhexidine digluconate. (Source: Journal of Applied Oral Science)

The Influence of Chlorhexidine on the Remineralization of Demineralized Dentin

Journal of Dentistry — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 20:59:25 +0100

ConclusionThe application of the 0.2% and 2% CHX seemed to be effective in promoting the remineralization of demineralized dentin.Clinical significanceThe application of the 0.2% and 2% CHX positively influences on the dentin remineralization (Source: Journal of Dentistry)

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Bactericidal activity of topical antiseptics and their gargles against Bordetella pertussis

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:51:07 +0100

Abstract Bordetella pertussis is the etiological agent of whooping cough, a common cause of respiratory illness in both children and adults. In the present study, we investigated the bactericidal activity of four antiseptics—povidone–iodine (PVP-I), benzethonium chloride (BEC), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC)—against B. pertussis ATCC9797 and clinical isolates. Among the topical antiseptics, PVP-I, BEC, and BAC, PVP-I and BAC in particular, showed high bactericidal activity, whereas CHG had low activity. PVP-I gargle also showed high bactericidal activity, similar to topical PVP-I. However, BEC gargle had low bactericidal activity. Our results indicate that topical PVP-I and BAC, and PVP-I gargle would be useful as effective antiseptics...

Effect of Chlorhexidine on Denture Biofilm Accumulation

Journal of Prosthodontics — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Both chlorhexidine‐based treatments had a similar ability to remove denture biofilm. Immersion in 0.12% or 2.0% chlorhexidine solutions can be used as an auxiliary method for cleaning complete dentures. (Source: Journal of Prosthodontics)

Treatment of mucositis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a systematic review

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 14:04:27 +0100

CONCLUSION: The heterogeneity of the results of these interventions and the lack of better elucidation for healthcare practice indicate the need for more accurate research to identify the effectiveness of topical therapies for repair of mucosal cells.OBJETIVO: Identificar las medidas terapéuticas para la reducción de la gravedad de la mucositis oral en pacientes adultos sometidos a Transplante de Médula Ósea (TMO). MÉTODOS: Se trata de una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE; CENTRAL (Cochrane Central) y DARE (Database of abstracts of reviews of effects), en el período de 1972 a julio del 2010, utilizando los descriptores mucositis, stomatitis y bone-marrow-transplantation. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 3.839 resúmenes, y de éstos 22 fueron ...

Comparison of two shampoos for the treatment of canine Malassezia dermatitis: a randomised controlled trial

The Journal of Small Animal Practice — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, 3%CHX was clinically as effective as 2%MIC/CHX for treatment of CMD. (Source: The Journal of Small Animal Practice)

A case cohort study of the prevention of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) in bisphosphonate patients requiring dental extractions

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Objective: Bisphosphonates related osteonecrosis (BRONJ) has become an increasingly important clinical entity since it has been reported. Once established, it has a detrimental impact on patient's physical health and also quality of life. The Adelaide Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit uses CTX (Beta cross Laps) test, preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis and post-operative chlorhexidine mouthrinse for all patients. The study is to assess the preventive protocol that has been adopted in a tertiary referral hospital and report the clinical outcome of patients who were on bisphosphonates and require dental extraction. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

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Unicystic ameloblastoma, treatment and evolution of 6 years: case report of evolution to inflammatory cystic membrane

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

11-Year-old female patient referred from Melipilla Hospital due to left mandibular mass since 2 months. Reports local pain, without paresthesia or other sensitivity disturbances. Presents extense and fluctuating mass comprising mandibular ramus and body up to tooth 31 (3.7). Radiographically presents an extense radiolucid area, homogeneous and corticalized up to tooth 31 (3.7) which displaces the third molar. The treatment decided is biopsy and installation of a collar for irrigation with chlorhexidine. Biopsy indicates a diagnosis of plexiform intraluminal unicystic ameloblastoma, by the Oral Pathology Reference Institute (IREPO) (3) in 2005. At 6 months clinical and histopathological control the patient presents decompression of the cyst and biopsy diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma. T...

Strategies for the prevention of central venous catheter infections: an American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Clinical Trials Committee systematic review

Journal of Pediatric Surgery — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Grade A and B recommendations can be made based on available evidence in adult and limited pediatric studies for multiple components of proper CVC insertion practices and subsequent management. These strategies can minimize the risk of CVC infections in pediatric patients. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Surgery)

An in vitro biofilm model for enamel demineralization and antimicrobial dose-response studies.

Biofouling — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: van de Sande FH, Azevedo MS, Lund RG, Huysmans MC, Cenci MS Abstract Microcosm biofilms formed in microplates have demonstrated complex community dynamics similar to natural dental biofilm. No simplified microcosm models to evaluate enamel demineralization and dose-response effect to anticariogenic therapies have yet been established, thus this study was designed to develop a pre-clinical model fulfilling this purpose. Experiments were carried out to establish the time of biofilm formation and the sucrose concentration and exposure regimen. Biofilms were initiated from saliva and grown for up to 10 days on bovine enamel discs in 24-well plates, with a saliva analogue medium. Data were collected as pH readings and thepercentage enamel surface hardness change. A dose-respons...

Preoperative Chlorhexidine Wash Superior to Povidone-IodinePreoperative Chlorhexidine Wash Superior to Povidone-Iodine

Medscape Today Headlines — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 15:33:24 +0100

Using chlorhexidine as a preoperative surgical wash cut the risk for a surgical site infection in half, compared with washing with 10% povidone-iodine. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

A Hospital-wide Quality-Improvement Collaborative to Reduce Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections

PEDIATRICS — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Our hospital-wide QIC resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of CA BSI at our children's hospital. A collaborative model based on improvement science methodology is both feasible and effective in reducing the incidence of CA BSI. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

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Med Sci Monit 2011; 17(10):CR572-576 "The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone-sodium hyaluronate gel (Gelclair) on oral microbial colonization and pain control compared with other rinsing solutions in patients with oral mucositis after allogeneic stem cells transplantation"

Medical Science Monitor — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 23:33:02 +0100

Conclusions: Gelclair may be individually helpful in the management of OM and pain in patients after allogeneic stem cells transplantation. Its use did not lead to worsened oral bacterial and yeast colonization and probably even helped to protect mucosa from Enterococcus and Candida sp. Further studies based on larger cohorts are needed. (Source: Medical Science Monitor)

ADA: Chlorhexidine Rinses Do Not Help CariesADA: Chlorhexidine Rinses Do Not Help Caries

Medscape Today Headlines — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 21:02:35 +0100

An American Dental Association panel has reviewed the science behind nonfluoride substances for preventing caries. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Use of Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Children Receiving Chemotherapy: A Review of Literature

Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing — Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouthwash as an intervention in children receiving chemotherapy, with a focus on randomized clinical trials. A literature search was performed between 1980 and 2010. The control groups consisted of placebo, no intervention, or another intervention group. Oral mucositis was scored by either the World Health Organization scale or modified Oral Assessment Guide. The review of literature included 5 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, in which chlorhexidine was evaluated and 4 studies showed a significant preventive effect on the development or severity of oral mucositis; the remaining study showed no benefit of using chlorhexidine mouthwash when compared with the placebo group. Ultimately, it can be sug...

Tests prove efficiency of chlorhexidine gluconate adhesive delivery system

Hospital Management — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 20:25:59 +0100

Avery Dennison Medical Solutions' chlorhexidine gluconate adhesive delivery system provides antimicrobial efficacy across a broad range of bacteria and yeast, according to tests conducted by an independent laboratory. The system allows an access o…Post to:Delicious Digg reddit Facebook StumbleUpon (Source: Hospital Management)

Synergistic Effect of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation in Combination with Chlorhexidine on the Viability of Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 03:14:51 +0100

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery)

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Chlorhexidine: Urticaria following occupational exposure: 4 case reports

Reactions — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 07:55:36 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Chlorhexidine Impregnated Central Venous Catheter Inducing an Anaphylatic Shock in the Intensive Care Unit

Heart, Lung and Circulation — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 18:26:54 +0100

We report of a case of anaphylaxis shock requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the placement of a chlorhexidine impregnated central venous catheters. (Source: Heart, Lung and Circulation)

Severe anaphylactic reaction to chlorhexidine during total hip arthroplasty surgery. A case report.

Hip International — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sijbesma T, Röckmann H, van der Weegen W Abstract Two consecutive hip surgery procedures in the same patient were aborted following a severe anaphylactic reaction of the patient. After the second procedure, the patient was diagnosed to be allergic to chlorhexidine, a component of the gel used to insert a urinary catheter. Chlorhexidine allergy is rare, and the delayed presentation may make it easy to overlook. In hip arthroplasty surgery, this may result in an abandoned procedure and the need for re-operation. PMID: 21948038 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hip International)

Home-Based Preoperative Chlorhexidine Bathing Cloths to Prevent Surgical Site Infection •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 20:11:12 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 32, Issue 10, Page 1047, October 2011. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

Effect of Intranasal Mupirocin and Chlorhexidine Body Wash on Decolonization of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus •

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 20:11:09 +0100

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Volume 32, Issue 10, Page 1048-1050, October 2011. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)

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Evaluation of the Interaction between Endodontic Sealers and Dentin Treated with Different Irrigant Solutions

Journal of Endodontics — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present study has revealed that smear layer removal and final flush with CHX favor the wettability of AH Plus and Real Seal SE sealers. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATErinse [Atlantic Biologicals Corps]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 16, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Rho-kinase inhibition ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in a rat model of peritoneal sclerosis

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. The activation of Rho-kinase is involved in peritoneal damage at multiple stages including tissue fibrosis and angiogenesis. The inhibition of Rho-kinase constitutes a novel strategy for the treatment of PF. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Community‐based interference against integration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into human salivary microbial biofilm

Oral Microbiology and Immunology — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 11:17:59 +0100

In this study, we used salivary microbiota derived from healthy human subjects to investigate protective effects against colonization and integration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, into developing or pre‐formed salivary biofilms. When co‐cultivated in saliva medium, P. aeruginosa persisted in the planktonic phase, but failed to integrate into the salivary microbial community during biofilm formation. Furthermore, in saliva medium supplemented with sucrose, the oral microbiota inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa by producing lactic acid. More interestingly, while pre‐formed salivary biofilms were able to prevent P. aeruginosa colonization, the same biofilms recovered from mild chlorhexidine gluconate treatment displayed a shift in microbial compos...

Effect of different disinfectant methods on the initial microtensile bond strength of a self-etch adhesive to dentin

Lasers in Medical Science — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 15:53:03 +0100

In conclusion, although ozone decreased the microtensile bond strength of the self-etch adhesive system to dentin, the Nd:YAG laser and 2% chlorhexidine did not change the microtensile bond strength so in context of the present study it would appear that the Nd:YAG laser and 2% chlorhexidine may be used as pre-restorative sterilization procedures on the dentin prior to the application of a two-step, self-etch adhesive. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10103-011-0987-xAuthors Evrim Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Kampus, Van, 65080 TurkeyHacer Deniz Arisu, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06500 TurkeyBagdagul H...

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Scientific Panel Issues Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 07:00:00 +0100

A multi-disciplinary expert panel, convened by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs, issued a report this month containing clinical recommendations that sugar-free chewing gum, lozenges and hard candy including xylitol or polyol combinations, and a prescription varnish with chlorhexidine and thymol could be beneficial in preventing cavities when used as adjuncts to a comprehensive cavity prevention program which includes the use of fluoride-containing products... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

National guidelines for decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers: the implications of recent experience in the Netherlands

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Screening of patients for carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coupled with interventions such as contact isolation is widely regarded as a means of reducing rates of MRSA infection and inter-patient transmission. Recent studies in the Netherlands have shown that introduction of a national guideline in which uncomplicated carriage is treated with mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine soap solution, and complicated carriage is treated using the same regimen supplemented with two oral antibiotics, was successful, with up to 80% of patients being decolonized. Increased success was seen in patients, particularly those with complicated carriage, whose treatment adhered closely to the guideline. As the Netherlands has a low level of MRSA, further work is required t...

Eradication of carriage with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: effectiveness of a national guideline

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Sixty percent of MRSA carriers were successfully decolonized after the first eradication attempt and 62% were treated according to the guideline, which was associated with an increased treatment success. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Eradication of carriage with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: determinants of treatment failure

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Guideline adherence, especially among those with complicated MRSA carriage, was associated with treatment success. Adding patients with extranasal carriage or dependence in daily self-care activities to the definition of complicated carriage, and treating them likewise, may further increase treatment success. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Sugar-free polyol gum, lozenges, hard candy; Nonfluoride varnishes help prevent cavities

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(American Dental Association) A multi-disciplinary expert panel, convened by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs, issued a report this month containing clinical recommendations that sugar-free chewing gum, lozenges and hard candy including xylitol or polyol combinations, and a prescription varnish with chlorhexidine and thymol could be beneficial in preventing cavities when used as adjuncts to a comprehensive cavity prevention program which includes the use of fluoride-containing products. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Effect of oil pulling on halitosis and microorganisms causing halitosis: A randomized controlled pilot trial

Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Oil pulling therapy has been equally effective like chlorhexidine on halitosis and organisms, associated with halitosis. (Source: Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry)

Efficacy of two commonly available mouth rinses used as preprocedural rinses in children

Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry — Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Periogard is comparatively better as a preprocedural mouth rinse than Reach. (Source: Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry)

DYNA-HEX 4 (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) Solution [Western Medical Corporation]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 8, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Effect of intracanal irrigants on the bond strength of epoxy resin‐based and methacrylate resin‐based sealers to root canal walls

International Endodontic Journal — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Except for 1% NaOCl, the removal of smear layer with the other irrigants increased the bond strength of AH Plus to intracanal dentine. The use of 1% NaOCl for 30 min with 17% EDTA as final irrigant for 5 min increased the bond strength of Epiphany. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

Strict Hand Hygiene And Other Practices Shortened Stays And Cut Costs And Mortality In A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit [Quality & Costs]

Health Affairs — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Efforts to reduce infections acquired during a hospital stay through improvements in the quality of care have had measurable results in many hospital settings. In pediatric intensive care units, the right quality interventions can save lives and money. We found that improving practices of hand hygiene, oral care, and central-line catheter care reduced hospital-acquired infections and improved mortality rates among children admitted to a large pediatric intensive care unit in 2007–09. In addition, on average patients admitted after the quality interventions were fully implemented spent 2.3 fewer days in the hospital, their hospitalization cost $12,136 less, and mortality was 2.3 percentage points lower, compared to patients admitted before the interventions. The projected annual ...

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Effect of Chemical Disinfection and Accelerated Aging on Color Stability of Maxillofacial Silicone with Opacifiers

Journal of Prosthodontics — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Opacifier addition, chemical disinfection, and accelerated aging procedures affected the color stability of the maxillofacial silicone. (Source: Journal of Prosthodontics)

Methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus clone related to the early pandemic phage type 80/81 causing an outbreak among residents of three occupational centres in Barcelona, Spain

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We describe an outbreak of skin infections caused by a PVL‐positive, methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain of ST1472, related to phage type 80/81, in three associated occupational centres. After identification of the first patient an active case‐finding strategy was initiated among the three centres. Epidemiological and clinical features were indistinguishable from outbreaks currently caused by community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. The S. aureus was cultured and identified from nasal swabs and skin lesions by conventional methods; PVL was detected using a PCR assay. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis and DNA‐array‐based genotyping were applied to MSSA isolates. MSSA was identified in nasal swabs from 49 of 133 individuals (37%). A single pulsed‐fie...

Methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus clone related to the early pandemic phage type 80/81 causing an outbreak among residents of three occupational centers in Barcelona, Spain

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We report an outbreak caused by a highly transmissible MSSA strain related to former pandemic phage type 80/81. Epidemiological and clinical features were indistinguishable from outbreaks currently caused by community‐acquired methicillinresistant S. aureus. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)

Dentin Bonding: Matrix Metalloproteinases and Chlorhexidine

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Contemporary resin–dentin bonding is initiated by systems that use phosphoric acid or acidic resin monomers to remove mineral, exposing the superficial dentin collagen matrix. Collagen‐associated proteins, including enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also are exposed. The collagen matrix is subsequently infiltrated with resins that are polymerized to establish an adhesive attachment to the dentin. Exposed collagen matrix that is not infiltrated with the adhesive can be degraded by associated MMPs, which might result in deterioration of the adhesive–dentin bond over time. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is able to inhibit MMPs by binding calcium and zinc ions necessary for proteolytic activity. This Critical Appraisal presents salient publications on research that evaluate CHX and...

Consistency between guidelines and reported practice for reducing the risk of catheter-related infection in British paediatric intensive care units

Intensive Care Medicine — Mon, 29 Aug 2011 16:00:29 +0100

Conclusions Guidelines should explicitly address paediatric practice and report the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Organisations should ensure doctors are trained in CVC insertion and invest in BSI monitoring, especially in PICUs. The type of CVC and insertion site are important gaps in evidence for children. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory OriginalPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00134-011-2343-9Authors Katie Harron, MRC Centre of Epidemiology and Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UKGeethanjali Ramachandra, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UKQuen Mok, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UKRuth Gilbert, MRC Centre of Epidemiology and Child Health, UCL Institute ...

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Frequency of oral mucositis and microbiological analysis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate.

Braz Dent J — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 21:36:03 +0100

In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the prophylactic use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate reduces the frequency of oral mucositis and oral pathogens in children with ALL. In addition, the present findings suggest a possible relationship between coagulase-negative staphylococci and the development of oral mucositis. PMID: 21861031 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Braz Dent J)

Antibacterial effectiveness of peracetic acid and conventional endodontic irrigants.

Braz Dent J — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 21:36:03 +0100

This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of conventional and experimental endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis. The following substances were evaluated by direct contact test: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); 1% peracetic acid. After different contact periods (30 s, 1, 3, and 10 min), a neutralizing agent was applied. Serial 10-fold dilutions were prepared and plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) and the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was determined. Sterile saline was used as a negative control. Both 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX eliminated E. faecalis after 30 s of contact. Peracetic acid reduced the bacterial counts by 86% after 3 min and completely eliminated E. faecalis after 10 min. These results allow us to conclud...

Effect of a calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine paste as intracanal dressing in human primary teeth with necrotic pulp against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry — Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion. The association of chlorhexidine with calcium hydroxide did not increase the antibacterial activity of the intracanal medication in the treatment of primary teeth with necrotic pulp with and without furcal/periapical lesion. (Source: International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry)

Comparison of the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and different cavity disinfection agents on microleakage of current adhesives

Lasers in Medical Science — Fri, 19 Aug 2011 06:40:58 +0100

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser and different cavity disinfection agents on microleakage of an etch-and-rinse and a self-etch adhesive. Class V preparations were completed on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 extracted noncarious human molars. The occlusal margin was placed on enamel and the gingival margin on dentin. Preparations were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 12); (1) 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), (2) propolis, (3) ozone, (4) Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and (5) control (no treatment). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to the adhesive system: etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond 2), and a self-etch adhesive (All-Bond SE). The preparations were bulk-filled with a resin composite (Ara...

CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATErinse [Medline Industries, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 17, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Reducing VAP by instituting a care bundle using improvement methodology in a UK Paediatric Intensive Care Unit

European Journal of Pediatrics — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 05:55:10 +0100

We describe the institution of a purpose-designed bundle of care in a tertiary paediatric ICU based on the available literature as part of our hospital’s transformation project into reducing health-care-associated infection. A nurse-led VAP surveillance programme is in place, and we used this to compare VAP incidence before and after commencing a series of care measures aimed at reducing VAP as part of an overall drive for patient safety. The diagnostic criteria, surveillance methods and rates of VAP (5.6 per 1,000 ventilator days) have been previously reported. Nurse educators were added to the original core group, as a key feature is buy in from nursing staff. All nursing staff had multiple training opportunities, and VAP project education became a routine part of staff inductio...

Evaluation of Chemical Interactions of Maleic Acid with Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine Gluconate

Journal of Endodontics — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: There were no adverse interactions or precipitate formation observed when MA was combined with CHX, but the available chlorine content was reduced when NaOCl was mixed with MA. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

Cytotoxicity testing of burn wound dressings, ointments and creams: A method using polycarbonate cell culture inserts on a cell culture system

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries — Sat, 06 Aug 2011 14:19:01 +0100

Conclusion: This in vitro cell culture insert method allows testing of agents without direct cell contact. It is easy and quick to perform, and should help the clinician to determine the relative cytotoxicity of various dressings and the optimal dressing for each individual wound. (Source: Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries)

A New Noninvasive Model to Study the Effectiveness of Dentin Disinfection by Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Journal of Endodontics — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Centrifugation helped to create a heavy, evenly distributed infection deep into the dentinal tubules. The new model made it possible to compare the effectiveness of several disinfecting solutions in killing bacteria inside dentin by a noninvasive CLSM method. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

SCRUB CARE (Chlorhexidine Gluconate ) Liquid [Xttrium Laboratories, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 29, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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EZY-TM (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) Cloth [Jiangxi Sencen Hygienic Products Co., Ltd.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 29, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Oral antiseptics in ventilated patients can help prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia

NeLM - News — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Source: Lancet Infectious Diseases Area: News Use of oral antiseptics can reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by about a third, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis. VAP is common in intensive care units (ITU), affecting 10% to 30% of ventilated patients, and is an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased costs. Any intervention that can reduce its frequency significantly deserves careful attention. The authors of this analysis suggest that oral antiseptics could potentially reduce VAP by reducing oral microorganisms and carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the available evidence. Both chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine have been proposed as suitable agents, therefore the authors carried out a comprehens...

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Tulsi extract mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count of high school children—RCT

Contemporary Clinical Trials — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Tulsi has stood the test and is as effective as Chlorhexidine and Listerine in reducing the salivary S. mutans levels. (Source: Contemporary Clinical Trials)

Determination of enrofloxacin stability and in vitro efficacy against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in four ear cleaner solutions over a 28 day period.

Veterinary Dermatology — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Metry CA, Maddox CW, Dirikolu L, Johnson YJ, Campbell KL Chemical stability and in vitro bactericidal efficacy of 0.9% enrofloxacin-compounded solutions were evaluated following storage at room temperature for 28 days. Chemical stability of enrofloxacin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in five compounded solutions, including sterile water. Bactericidal efficacy was determined by spiral plating serial 10-fold dilutions of bacteria and solutions followed by colony counts. Tris-EDTA [TrizEDTA(®) (TE)], Tris-EDTA and 0.15% chlorhexidine [TrizChlor(®) (TC)], 2.5% lactic acid, 0.1% salicylic acid and 0.1% parachlorometaxylenol [Epi-Otic (EO)], and 0.1% free salicylic acid, 0.1% parachlorometaxylenol and 0.5% EDTA [Epi-Otic Advanced (EA)] were used....

Comparative in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial shampoos: a pilot study.

Veterinary Dermatology — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, chlorhexidine appeared to be the most effective topical biocide, and MRSP and MDR-PA were no less susceptible than antibiotic-sensitive organisms. These results should, however, be confirmed with larger numbers of isolates. PMID: 21777309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Veterinary Dermatology)

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Residual Effectiveness of Final Irrigation Regimens on Enteroccus faecalis–infected Root Canals

Journal of Endodontics — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 16:01:34 +0100

Conclusions: The combination of 2% CHX + 0.2% CTR would be an effective alternative final irrigation regimen given its antimicrobial action over time. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

Effect of Irrigants on the Survival of Human Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla in a Platelet-rich Plasma Scaffold in Human Root Tips

Journal of Endodontics — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 16:01:33 +0100

Conclusions: Collectively, the results suggest that irrigants alone greatly affect the survivability of STRO-1–enriched SCAP within the root canal environment and that inclusion of EDTA in irrigation protocols might be beneficial in regenerative procedures. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

A yeast-based assay identifies drugs active against human mitochondrial disorders [Genetics]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Due to the lack of relevant animal models, development of effective treatments for human mitochondrial diseases has been limited. Here we establish a rapid, yeast-based assay to screen for drugs active against human inherited mitochondrial diseases affecting ATP synthase, in particular NARP (neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa) syndrome. This method is based on the conservation of mitochondrial function from yeast to human, on the unique ability of yeast to survive without production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, and on the amenability of the yeast mitochondrial genome to site-directed mutagenesis. Our method identifies chlorhexidine by screening a chemical library and oleate through a candidate approach. We show that these molecules rescue a number of phenotypes resulting ...

Non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis using an air-abrasive device or mechanical debridement and local application of chlorhexidine: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Within its limitations, the present study has indicated that (i) both treatment procedures resulted in comparable but limited CAL gains at 6 months, and (ii) OHI+AAD was associated with significantly higher BOP reductions than OHI+MDA. PMID: 21770995 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Clinical Periodontology)

Comparison of silver-coated dressing (Acticoat®), chlorhexidine acetate 0.5% (Bactigrass®) and nystatin for topical antifungal effect in Candida albicans-contaminated, full-skin-thickness rat burn wounds

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 15:48:34 +0100

Conclusions: The animal data suggest that nystatin is the most effective agents in the treatment of C. albicans-contaminated burn wounds, and Acticoat™® is a choice of treatment on fungal burn wound infection with antibacterial effect and the particular advantage of limiting the frequency of replacement of the dressing. (Source: Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries)

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Antimicrobial efficacy of non-thermal plasma in comparison to chlorhexidine against dental biofilms on titanium discs in vitro - proof of principle experiment.

Journal of Clinical Periodontology — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Treatment of single- and multispecies dental biofilms on titanium discs with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma was more efficient than CHX application in vitro. Thus, the development of plasma devices for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis may be fruitful. PMID: 21762196 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Clinical Periodontology)

MALASEB (Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Miconazole Nitrate) Shampoo [Teva Animal Health, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Prospective clinical study evaluating the long‐time adjunctive use of chlorhexidine after one‐stage full‐mouth SRP

International Journal of Dental Hygiene — Wed, 13 Jul 2011 16:14:16 +0100

(Source: International Journal of Dental Hygiene)

Bone Regeneration Without Bone Grafting After Resection of a Segment of the Mandible to Treat Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In 2003, Marx first described an association of exposed necrotic bone of the jaw with long-term application of bisphosphonates (BPh). Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) seems to be resistant to customary dental anti-infective treatment, for example, antimicrobiological rinsing (chlorhexidine, peroxide, etc), curettage of the exposed bone followed by simple closure of the mucosa, or open wound management with regular changing of a gauze wick. Often the severity and stage of the BRONJ is worsened by these procedures. Several articles in the recent literature deal with the question of the most effective treatment for BRONJ. Current concepts described in the literature are based on expert opinion and vary from conservative approaches with antimicrobiological rinsing and or...