MedWorm: Ciprofloxacin

Drugs Not Equal Against Bladder Infection (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Infectious Disease — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 19:56:08 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- For uncomplicated bladder infections, cefpodoxime (Vantin) may may not be a good antibiotic alternative to the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin, a randomized trial suggested. (Source: MedPage Today Infectious Disease)

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Cefpodoxime No Match for Ciprofloxacin in Acute CystitisCefpodoxime No Match for Ciprofloxacin in Acute Cystitis

Medscape Today Headlines — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 21:00:41 +0100

Cefpodoxime for 3 days failed to measure up to 3 days of ciprofloxacin in treating women with acute cystitis in a randomized controlled trial. Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

Colonisation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic resistance patterns in COPD patients.

Swiss Medical Weekly — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:36:02 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Colonisation with P. aeruginosa was present in all COPD severity stages and colonisation with mucoid strains was more frequent in advanced COPD. Resistance to the only oral anti-pseudomonas antibiotic ciprofloxacin was more frequently encountered in severe COPD stages. PMID: 22290607 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Swiss Medical Weekly)

Cefpodoxime vs Ciprofloxacin for Short-Course Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Randomized Trial [Original Contribution]

JAMA — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Among women with uncomplicated cystitis, a 3-day regimen of cefpodoxime compared with ciprofloxacin did not meet criteria for noninferiority for achieving clinical cure. These findings, along with concerns about possible adverse ecological effects associated with other broad-spectrum β-lactams, do not support the use of cefpodoxime as a first-line fluoroquinolone-sparing antimicrobial for acute uncomplicated cystitis. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00194532 (Source: JAMA)

CIPROFLOXACIN (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Solution/ Drops [PACK Pharmaceuticals, LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 6, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [Ivax Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 6, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Ciprofloxacin/citalopram interaction: Torsades de pointes in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:34:27 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Development of an electrochemical immunoassay for detection of gatifloxacin in swine urine.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci ... — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the immunoassay system developed in this research can be used as a rapid, powerful and on-site analytical tool to detect GAT residue in foods and food products. PMID: 22302425 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Zhejiang Univ Sci ...)

Piperonal ciprofloxacin hydrazone induces growth arrest and apoptosis of human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells.

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:QNT4 induced the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells via inhibiting topoisomerase II activity and modulating mitochondrial-dependent pathways. PMID: 22301863 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica)

Acute dacryocystitis in a 2-year old child caused by pantoea.

Orbit — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zuberbuhler B, Carifi G, Leatherbarrow B Abstract A previously healthy 23-month-old girl was admitted for the management of an acute unilateral dacryocystitis following accidental contact with dog faeces. No periocular trauma was reported. Microbiological investigation showed a multiresistant strain of Pantoea species to be the responsible pathogen. The infection responded to a course of oral Clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin, in combination with Chloramphenicol eye drops. This is the first report of an acute dacryocystitis sustained by this microorganism. PMID: 22296230 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orbit)

In vitro Activities of Nisin Alone or in Combination with Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin against Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Chemotherapy — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Chemotherapy 2011;57:511–516 (DOI:10.1159/000335598) (Source: Chemotherapy)

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Investigating the effect of antibiotics on quorum sensing with whole-cell biosensing systems.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Struss AK, Pasini P, Flomenhoft D, Shashidhar H, Daunert S Abstract Quorum sensing (QS) allows bacteria to communicate with one another by means of QS signaling molecules and control certain behaviors in a group-based manner, including pathogenicity and biofilm formation. Bacterial gut microflora may play a role in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, and antibiotics are one of the available therapeutic options for Crohn's disease. In the present study, we employed genetically engineered bioluminescent bacterial whole-cell sensing systems as a tool to evaluate the ability of antibiotics commonly employed in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions to interfere with QS. We investigated the effect of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and tinidazole on quorum sensing....

Appropriate Time for Test-of-Cure when Diagnosing Gonorrhoea with a Nucleic Acid Amplification Test.

Acta Derm Venereol A... — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hjelmevoll SO, Olsen ME, U J, Haaheim H, Melby KK, Moi H, Unemo M, Skogen V Abstract Culture is commonly regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have rapidly replaced culture for diagnostics in many settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the appropriate time for test-of-cure (TOC) when NAATs are used for diagnosis of gonorrhoea. In total, 30 patients (28 men and 2 women) provided urethral, cervical, rectal or pharyngeal specimens for TOC. All included patients, except one who did not return for second TOC before day 19, tested negative within 2 weeks after treatment with cefixime 400 mg × 1. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 68% of the culture-positive str...

Grafting of norfloxacin imprinted polymeric membranes on silica surface for the selective solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones in fish samples.

Talanta — Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lv YK, Ma Y, Zhao XB, Jia CL, Sun HW Abstract A high-density imprinted polymeric membrane was immobilized on a porous silica-gel support by polymerization of methacrylic acid with vinyl-silanized silica gel for the selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) of norfloxacin (NOR) in fish samples. The imprinted membranes showed high adsorption capacity (423.2μmolg(-1)), significant selectivity (k=14.64, k'=9.61) and good site accessibility (2h) for NOR. The conditions of SPE were investigated, and water (pH=6), methanol:water (1:1, v/v) and methanol-acetic acid-trifluoroacetic acid (90:9:1, v/v) were selected as the sample solvent, the washing solution and the eluting solution, respectively. Under the optimal SPE condition, three fluoroquinolone residues in fish were separated a...

Prevalence, Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Emergent Arcobacter spp. from Clinically Healthy Cattle and Goats

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 05:39:55 +0100

SummaryPrevalence, distribution and antibiotic resistance of Arcobacter spp. were investigated in cattle, goats, floor and treated water samples in this study. The prevalence of Arcobacter in adult and young was recorded as 8/110 (7.27%) and 4/83 (4.81%), respectively, which showed insignificant difference (P = 0.3503) in detection rates between adult and young cattle. A total of 33.33% of the floor samples and 11.11% of the treated water samples analysed were determined as positive for Arcobacter. Among the species isolated, over all, A. butzleri (45%) was the most frequently detected species, followed by A. skirrowii (5%). A. butzleri was isolated from adult cattle, floor and water samples at the rates of 75.0%, 33.4% and 50%, respectively. Co‐colonization of species was not unc...

In vitro Activities of the Novel Ceragenin CSA-13, Alone or in Combination with Colistin, Tobramycin, and Ciprofloxacin, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Chemotherapy — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 23:00:00 +0100

Chemotherapy 2011;57:505–510 (DOI:10.1159/000335588) (Source: Chemotherapy)

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Bacteriuria and antibiotic resistance in catheter urine specimens following radical prostatectomy.

Urologic Oncology — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of RP patients have positive urine cultures at the time of catheter removal, despite the administration of prophylactic fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Potentially virulent organisms are commonly cultured, and ciprofloxacin resistance is frequent. However, outcomes are favorable when culture-specific oral antibiotic therapy is initiated. PMID: 22285005 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Urologic Oncology)

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Ontario Sheep Flocks and Associations between Antimicrobial use and Antimicrobial Resistance

Zoonoses and Public Health — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in faecal Campylobacter spp. from lambs and adult sheep and associations between antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR. A total of 275 faecal samples collected during initial and final visits from 51 sheep flocks, including one feedlot, across southern Ontario were tested for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was detected in 52% (143/275) of the faecal samples, Campylobacter coli in 7% (19/275), Campylobacter lari in 1% (2/275) and 2% (4/275) were non‐speciated Campylobacter. Broth microdilution was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of 162 isolates to nine antimicrobials. Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 142) were resistant to tetracycline (39%), ciprofloxacin (4%...

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, in human plasma and urine and its application to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Biomedical Chromatography : BMC — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Guo B, Zhang J, Yu J, Wu X, Shi Y, Tsai CY Abstract Nemonoxacin (TG-873870) is a novel C-8-methoxy nonfluorinated quinolone with higher activity than ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae with various resistant phenotypes. A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the concentration of nemonoxacin in human plasma and urine. Protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction were employed for plasma and urine sample preparations, respectively, and extract was then injected into the system. Separation was performed on a C(18) reverse...

First‐day step‐down to oral outpatient treatment versus continued standard treatment in children with cancer and low‐risk fever in neutropenia. A randomized controlled trial within the multicenter SPOG 2003 FN study

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

ConclusionsIn children with low‐risk FN, the efficacy of first‐day step‐down to oral antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin in an outpatient setting was non‐inferior to continued hospitalization and intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The safety of this procedure, however, was not assessable with sufficient power. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Treatment of lepromatous ulcers using citric acid as a sole antimicrobial agent

International Wound Journal — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 10:46:19 +0100

A prospective study was carried out to assess the role of citric acid as a sole antimicrobial agent in the management of lepromatous ulcers. Thirty‐four known cases of lepromatous ulcers not responding to conventional antibiotic therapies for long duration were investigated for culture and susceptibility studies. Staphylococcus aureus (25·00%) and Klebsiella spp. (23·43%) were found to be the most common isolates. Amikacin (68·75%) and ciprofloxacin (67·18%) were found to be the most effective antimicrobial agents. Topical application of citric acid ointment resulted in complete healing in 25 (73·52%) cases. In eight cases (26·48%), there was elimination of infective agent from ulcer site and formation of healthy granulation, but no complete healing of ulcer was seen. Results indic...

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Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The overall incidence of CRI was 27.77% (15/54). Catheter-associated BSIs were 47.31 per 1000 catheter-days. CRI was low in the catheters inserted by the experienced venipuncturists, elective procedure and CVC kept in situ for ≤3 days. S. epidermidis was the most common isolate. (Source: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine)

CIPROFLOXACIN (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [Cobalt Laboratories Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 20, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Urinary Infection in Patients With Neurogenic Bladder: Patterns of Resistance to the Most Frequent Uropathogens.

Actas Urologicas Espanolas — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: E. coli is the micro-organism most frequently isolated among all of the groups except in the ICU, where it is surpassed by Enterococcus spp. and P. aeruginosa. The resistances among the four population groups studied have different features, overall showing a low rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin and especially to fosfomycin, observed in patients from the Emergency Room or admitted to the ICU and neurological patients. PMID: 22264693 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Actas Urologicas Espanolas)

A combination of direct viable count and fluorescence in situ hybridization for specific enumeration of viable Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This technique was successfully applied to detect viable cells in inoculated faeces.Significance and Impact of the Study: Results showed that this DVC‐FISH procedure is a quick and culture‐independent useful method to specifically detect viable Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Strep. thermophilus in different samples, being applied for the first time to lactic acid bacteria. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

Novel rat model of tympanostomy tube otorrhea

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 21:16:09 +0100

Conclusions: This study is the first to describe a reproducible animal model of acute TTO. Surgical obstruction of the ET, followed by TT placement and ME inoculation with S. pneumoniae induced persistent otorrhea and infection. Both IL-1β and TNF-α appear to be potential markers of persistent middle ear infection. This novel model may be used in future studies of the pathogenesis and therapy of TTO. (Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology)

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Ciprofloxacin/metronidazole/sucralfate: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: case report

Reactions — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 19:08:18 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

In vitro antimicrobial resistance of urinary E. coli among U.S. outpatients from 2000 to 2010.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study examines in-vitro antimicrobial resistance data from E. coli urine isolates from U.S. outpatients between 2000 and 2010 using The Surveillance Network (TSN). Antimicrobial susceptibility results (n=12,253,679) showed the greatest increases in E. coli resistance from 2000 to 2010 for ciprofloxacin (3% to 17.1%) and TMP/SMX (17.9% to 24.2%), whereas nitrofurantoin (0.8% to 1.6%) and ceftriaxone (0.2% to 2.3%) showed minimal change. From 2000 to 2010, outpatient urinary E. coli antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin and TMP/SMX increased substantially. PMID: 22252813 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella flexneri serotype 1c isolates from China

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We reported the first identification of Shigella flexneri serotype 1c in China and also the emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and third‐generation cephalosporins in serotype 1c the first time. Seven isolates circulating in China were divided into three new MLST sequence types and seven PFGE banding patterns, demonstrating the high genetic diversity. The seven isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, among which one had ciprofloxacin‐resistance and an additional one developed resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. (Source: Clinical Microbiology and Infection)

A Comparison of the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli from Different Retail Meats in the United States: 2002-2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhao S, Blickenstaff K, Bodeis-Jones S, Gaines SA, Tong E, McDermott PF Abstract Escherichia coli were recovered from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System retail meat program and examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Retail meat samples (N= 11,921) from four U.S. states collected during 2002-2008 were analyzed, consisting of 2,988 chicken breast, 2,942 ground turkey, 2,991 ground beef and 3,000 pork chops. A total of 8,286 E. coli were recovered. Most chicken (83.5%) and turkey (82.0%) were contaminated with the organism, followed by beef (68.9%) and pork (44.0%). Resistance to tetracycline was most common (50.3%), followed by streptomycin (34.6%), sulfamethoxazole/sulfisoxazole (31.6%), ampicillin (22.5%), gentamicin (18.6%), kanamycin (8.4%), amox...

Role of moxifloxacin for the treatment of commmunity-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infections in Taiwan.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lau YJ, Chen YH, Huang CT, Lee WS, Liu CY, Liu JW, Liu HD, Lee YJ, Chen CW, Ko WC, Hsueh PR Abstract Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) are common yet serious infections that can potentially lead to substantial morbidity and morbidity. As an essential adjunct to source control, the goals of antimicrobial therapy are to promote patient recovery, reduce recurrence risk, and prevent antimicrobial resistance. The current international guidelines on the empirical treatment of community-acquired complicated IAIs were published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Surgical Infections Society (SIS) in 2010. These guidelines all recommend the use of a fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) plus metronidazole for mild-to-moderate- and high-se...

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High prevalence of spa types associated with the clonal lineage CC398 among tetracycline-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a Spanish hospital

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Tetracycline resistance could be a good marker for MRSA CC398, although this resistance can also be found in other lineages. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Effectiveness of ciprofloxacin or linezolid in combination with rifampicin against Enterococcus faecalis in biofilms

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our results show that combinations of ciprofloxacin or linezolid with rifampicin have a good effect on E. faecalis biofilms in vitro. These combinations should be considered for testing in humans with early joint prosthesis infections with E. faecalis. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

New Statistical Technique for Analyzing MIC-based Susceptibility Data.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: van de Kassteele J, van Santen-Verheuvel MG, Koedijk FD, van Dam AP, van der Sande MA, de Neeling AJ Abstract Seventeen laboratories participated in a cooperative study to validate the regional susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in The Netherlands. International reference strains were distributed. Each laboratory determined the MIC of ciprofloxacin, penicillin and tetracycline, for each strain by E-test. To explore a more transparent assessment of quality and comparability, a statistical regression model was fitted to the data that accounted for the censoring of the MICs. The mean MIC as found by all laboratories except three were closer than one two-fold dilution step to the overall mean and the mean MICs of each antimicrobial agent were close to the MICs of ...

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of several bis-quaternized ammonium derivatives of the diterpenoid isosteviol

Chemistry of Natural Compounds — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 17:00:55 +0100

Previously unreported bis-quaternized ammonium derivatives of the diterpenoid isosteviol (16-oxo-entbeyeran-19-oic acid) were synthesized. The compound in which the two quaternized N atoms were joined by a dodecamethylene spacer had the greatest antimicrobial activity and was comparable in activity with ciprofloxacin and clotrimazole. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10600-012-0103-xAuthors M. G. Korochkina, A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088 Kazan, RussiaV. M. Babaev, A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088 Kazan, RussiaI. Yu. Strobykina, A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kaza...

Varying fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones governs clonal dynamic of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 17:00:03 +0100

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of fluoroquinolone resistance on the existence and dynamic of MRSA clones. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was induced in strains of community-acquired (CA) MRSA from various sequence types and the fitness cost suffered by mutant derivatives measured in a propagation assay. In addition, the fitness of fluoroquinolone resistant health care-associated (HA) MRSA isolates from major clones prevalent in Hungary were compared with each other and with those of the CA-MRSA derivatives. The genetic background of fluoroquinolone resistance and fitness cost in CA-MRSA was investigated. The fitness cost observed in the CA-MRSA derivatives proved diverse; the derivatives of the ST30-MRSA-IV strain suffered significantly great...

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Third Prize: Effects of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin on Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Adherence and Virulence in Urinary Tract Infections

Journal of Endourology — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 15:13:04 +0100

Journal of Endourology Jan 2012, Vol. 26, No. 1: 32-37. (Source: Journal of Endourology)

Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Escherichia coli from community uncomplicated urinary tract infection in an area of high prevalence of quinolone resistance

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 16:43:10 +0100

Abstract In Italy fluoroquinolones (FQs) are extensively prescribed in empirical therapy of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) despite recommendations in national guidelines and widespread antibiotic resistance in community. To survey the dissemination of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in a peak area of FQs consumption, E. coli strains from 154 community and 41 local hospital patients were collected; low level ciprofloxacin resistance qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6)′-Ib-cr genes were screened by PCR and patterns of transferable resistances were determined. Clinical ciprofloxacin resistance in hospital doubled community value, while overall rates of FQ resistance genes were similar (31.6% and 27.8%). Prevalence of aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene was 11% in outpatients (21...

Long-term trends in the epidemiology and resistance of childhood bacterial enteropathogens in Crete

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 06:51:16 +0100

In this study, we investigated the long-term trends in the epidemiology and susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens among children in a well-defined area of adequate health standards. The study included all children younger than 14 years of age treated for enteritis at Heraklion University General Hospital on the island of Crete during the 18-year period from January 1993 to December 2010. Stool specimens were tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Yersinia, and Aeromonas species. Of the 33,032 stool samples from patients of any age, 2,912 (8.82%) were positive for bacterial enteropathogens. The 1,597 isolates from children were identified as S. enterica (42.3%), Campylobacter spp. (33.6%), EPEC (17.4%), Y. enterocolitica (5.82%), ...

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive cocci isolated from patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis in Crete, Greece.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Quinolones remain an excellent treatment option for bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis due to Gram-positive cocci in our region. PMID: 22209987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

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Outcomes of Pseudomonas eradication therapy in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Respiratory Medicine — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study demonstrates that Pseudomonas can be eradicated from a high proportion of patients, which may lead to prolonged clearance and reduced exacerbation rates. This important outcome requires confirmation in a prospective study. (Source: Respiratory Medicine)

CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [REMEDYREPACK INC. ]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 27, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Comparative Pharmacodynamics and Anti-mutant Potentials of Doripenem and Imipenem with Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an In Vitro Model.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Firsov AA, Gilbert D, Greer K, Portnoy YA, Zinner SH Abstract To compare the anti-pseudomonal efficacy of doripenem and imipenem as well as their abilities to restrict the enrichment of resistant P. aeruginosa, multiple dosing regimens of each drug were simulated at comparable times above the MIC (T(>MIC)) and ratios of the 24-hour area under the curve (AUC(24)) to the MIC. Three clinical isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (MIC of doripenem 1 μg/ml, MIC of imipenem 1, 2 and 2 μg/ml) were exposed to thrice-daily doripenem or imipenem for three days at AUC(24)/MIC ratios from 50 to 170 h (doripenem) and from 30 to 140 h (imipenem). The antimicrobial effects for susceptible and resistant subpopulations of bacteria were expressed by the areas between contro...

Change of Antimicrobial Susceptibility among Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Female Patients with Community-Onset Acute Pyelonephritis.

Yonsei Medical Journal — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 03:56:19 +0100

Conclusion: The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli changed over the study period, however, this change occurred mainly in the complicated APN patients. In Korea, ciprofloxacin is still useful as an empirical agent for uncomplicated APN patients, but this is not the case for patients with complicated APN because of high resistance rate to ciprofloxacin in these patients. For the complicated APN patients, the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin is already more than 30%. PMID: 22187248 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yonsei Medical Journal)

α,α-Dibromoacetophenones mediated synthesis of some new 7H-7-alkoxy-3-alkyl/phenyl-6-aryl-s-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines and their antimicrobial evaluation

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 16:42:24 +0100

Abstract A series of new 7H-7-alkoxy-3-alkyl/phenyl-6-aryl-s-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines (3, 4) were synthesized by the reaction of various α,α-dibromoacetophenones 1 with 3-alkyl/phenyl-4-amino-5-mercapto-s-triazoles (2) in different alcoholic solvents in good yields. All the newly synthesized compounds (3, 4) were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. Biological activities of these compounds were compared with those of the commercially available antibiotic, ciprofloxacin and antifungal agent, amphotericin-B. The title compounds showed good activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Origina...

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of topical ciprofloxacin and prednisolone in the prevention of myringosclerosis

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:41:46 +0100

In this study, 24 healthy Sprague-Dawley type rats of age 3–4 months and 250–300 g weight were used. Rats have been divided into three random groups. Topical ciprofloxacin was administered to the rats in the first group and topical prednisolone was administered to the rats in the third group; no medication was applied to their opposite ears and they were determined as control group. Prednisolone was administered to one ear of the rats and ciprofloxacin was administered to their opposite sides in the second group. After bilateral myringotomies the treatments were applied for 20 days as five drops two times a day. Otomicroscopic examination was made on the 10th day and reperforations were made when necessary. Rats were killed on the 21st day and temporal bone dissect...

PcrV antibody–antibiotic combination improves survival in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 19:46:25 +0100

Abstract The type III secretion system (TTSS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, associated with acute infection, facilitates the direct injection of cytotoxins into the host cell cytoplasm. Mab166, a murine monoclonal antibody against PcrV, a protein located at the tip of the injectisome, has demonstrated efficacy against P. aeruginosa infection, resulting in reduced lung injury and increased survival in murine models of infection. We hypothesised that the administration of Mab166 in combination with an antibiotic would further improve the survival of P. aeruginosa-infected mice. A murine model of P. aeruginosa acute infection, three clinically relevant antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and ceftazidime) and the Mab166 antibody were used for this study. Consistently, compared t...

A combination of Direct Viable Count and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (DVC‐FISH) for Specific Enumeration of Viable Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This technique was successfully applied to detect viable cells in inoculated feces.Significance and Impact of the Study: Results showed that this DVC‐FISH procedure is a quick and culture‐independent useful method to specifically detect viable L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus in different samples, being applied for the first time to Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB).© 2011 The Authors Letters in Applied Microbiology© 2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

A combination of direct viable count and fluorescence in situ hybridization for specific enumeration of viable Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CIPROFLOXACIN (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [Aurobindo Pharma Limited]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from wild flowers.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sánchez Valenzuela A, Benomar N, Abriouel H, Pérez Pulido R, Martínez Cañamero M, Gálvez A Abstract Wild flowers in the South of Spain were screened for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci were frequently associated with prickypear and fieldpoppy flowers. Forty-six isolates, from 8 different flower species, were identified as E. faecalis (28 isolates) or E. faecium (18 isolates) and clustered in well-defined groups by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting. A high incidence of antibiotic resistance was detected among the E. faecalis isolates, especially to quinupristin/dalfopristin (75%), rifampicin (68%) and ciprofloxacin (57%), and to a lesser extent to levofloxacin (35.7%), erythromycin (28.5%), tetracycline (3.5%), chloramphenicol (3.5%) and streptomycin ...

Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs and cats in Japan: current status of antimicrobial resistance and prevailing resistance mechanisms

Microbiology and Immunology — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTSeventy‐three Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from dogs and cats to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mechanisms to anti‐pseudomonal agents. Resistance rates against orbifloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, aztreonam and gentamicin were 34.2, 31.5, 20.5, 17.8, 12.3 and 11.0%, respectively. The level of resistance to cefotaxime, orbifloxacin, and enrofloxacin was greatly affected by efflux pump inhibitors, indicating overexpression of efflux pump contributes to these resistances. Notably, orbifloxacin and enrofloxacin resistance was observed even in isolates without mutations in the target sites. This is the first report on cephalosporin‐ and fluoroquinolone‐resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa from Japanese companion animals...

Aminoglycoside resistance in clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Western Norway

APMIS — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 21:10:34 +0100

This study was done to investigate aminoglycoside resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Western Norway. The material included 49 blood culture isolates which had shown aminoglycoside resistance collected during 2000–2009. To investigate co‐resistance to alternative antibiotics and dynamics involved in aminoglycoside resistance 67 isolates (mostly from urine) exhibiting resistance to both aminoglycosides and extended spectrum beta‐lactam antibiotics were also included. MIC values were obtained for amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, netilmicin, streptomycin and tobramycin and all isolates were screened using PCR for aac(3)‐II and aac(6′)‐Ib, encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Resistance to ≥3 aminoglycosides was found in 92% of the isolates and 60.3%...

Characterization of the BaeSR two-component system from Salmonella Typhimurium and its role in ciprofloxacin-induced mdtA expression.

Archives of Microbiology — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we characterized in vitro and in vivo the BaeSR two-component system from Salmonella Typhimurium and evaluated its role in mdtA regulation in response to ciprofloxacin treatment. We demonstrated in vitro that residue histidine 250 is essential for BaeS autophosphorylation and aspartic acid 61 for BaeR transphosphorylation. By real-time PCR, we showed that mdtA activation in the presence of ciprofloxacin depends on both members of this system and that histidine 250 of BaeS and aspartic acid 61 of BaeR are needed for this. Moreover, the mdtA expression is directly regulated by binding of BaeR at the promoter region, and this interaction is enhanced when the protein is phosphorylated. In agreement, a BaeR mutant unable to phosphorylate at aspartic acid 61 presents a lower affin...

CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDEtablet [REMEDYREPACK INC. ]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 15, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Pharmacy sales data versus ward stock accounting for the surveillance of broad-spectrum antibiotic use in hospitals

BMC Medical Research Methodology - Latest articles — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: There is a need for caution in interpreting pharmacy sales data aggregated over short registration intervals, especially so for oral formulations. Even a one-month registration period may be too short. (Source: BMC Medical Research Methodology - Latest articles)

Genotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin during photolytic decomposition monitored by the in vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) in HepG2 cells.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Photolytic decomposition of aqueous CIP leads to genotoxic transformation products. This proves that irradiated samples of CIP are able to exert heritable genotoxic effects on human liver cells in vitro. Therefore, photolysis as a technique for wastewater treatment needs to be evaluated in detail in further studies, not only for CIP but in general. PMID: 22161117 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International)

Hydroxyapatite-Alginate Nanocomposite as Drug Delivery Matrix for Sustained Release of Ciprofloxacin

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:13:56 +0100

(Source: Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology)

Molecular characterization of strains of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund carrying multidrug resistance isolated from imported foods

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions This study indicates that fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella are prevalent in imported food. Double mutations in gyrA and a loss of ramR were associated with high-level quinolone resistance in multidrug-resistant Salmonella Schwarzengrund strain 75. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to six antibiotics currently used in Spain

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Our study confirms an increasing rate of resistance to levofloxacin that equals that of clarithromycin in our healthcare area. This fact may reflect a wide and indiscriminate use of the former antibiotic and could account for a loss of clinical effectiveness of levofloxacin-containing regimens. Moreover, clarithromycin resistance rates remain stable, which could allow us to maintain its use in our area. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

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Impact of Spores on the Comparative Efficacies of Five Antibiotics For the Treatment of Bacillus anthracis in an In Vitro Hollow Fiber Pharmacodynamic Model.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Spores have a profound impact on the rate and extent of kill of BA. Against spore-forming BA, the five antibiotics killed the total (spore and vegetative) bacterial population at similar rates (within 1 log(10)CFU/mL of each other). However, bactericidal antibiotics killed vegetative BA faster than bacteriostatic drugs. Since only vegetative-phase BA produce the toxins that may kill the infected host, the rate and mechanism of kill of an antibiotic may determine its overall in vivo efficacy. Further studies are needed to examine this important observation. PMID: 22155821 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

The impact of antibiotic use on the incidence and resistance pattern of ESBL‐producing bacteria in primary and secondary healthcare settings

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 06:46:34 +0100

This study supports the value of restricting the use of certain antimicrobial classes to control ESBL, and demonstrate the feasibility of reversing resistance patterns post successful antibiotic restriction. The study also highlights the potential value of the time‐series analysis in designing efficient antibiotic stewardship. (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)

Packing Interactions in Hydrated and Anhydrous Forms of the Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin: a Solid-State NMR, X-ray Diffraction, and Computer Simulation Study

Journal of the American Chemical Society — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 12:55:54 +0100

Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/ja208647n (Source: Journal of the American Chemical Society)

CIPRO (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated CIPRO (Ciprofloxacin) Kit [Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CIPROFLOXACIN (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet [Rebel Distributors Corp]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 8, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Antimicrobial resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates in Taiwan.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: The rates of resistance to cefaclor, cefuroxime, tetracycline and SXT are now increasing in Taiwan. Molecular typing showed that at least two closely related BRO-1 clones are circulating. Although amoxicillin + clavulanate remains the antimicrobial therapy of choice for M. catarrhalis infections, continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility and application of control measures against further transmission are required to inhibit the emergence of the resistant strains. PMID: 22154675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

Comparison of the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and colistin on the morphology of cardiolipin domains in Escherichia coli membranes.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kicia M, Janeczko N, Lewicka J, Hendrich A Abstract Membrane domains characterized by unique protein and lipid composition allow for compartmentalization and regulation of various biological processes. In Escherichia coli cardiolipin domains play a key role in the dynamic organization of bacterial membranes and their distribution depends on the stage of cell cycle. We studied the influence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and colistin on the morphology and distribution of E. coli cardiolipin domains. Using 10-N-nonyl acridine orange fluorescent dye we have shown that exposition of bacteria to ciprofloxacin significantly increased percentage of filamentous cells with affected cardiolipin domains morphology, while colistin has not induced any significant chan...

Validated spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and metronidazole in tablets.

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 18:48:02 +0100

Authors: Mahrouse MA, Elkady EF Abstract A binary mixture of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and metronidazole (MET) was determined by five simple and accurate methods, without prior separation. In the first method, CIP was determined by second derivative spectrophotometric method ((2)D) by measuring the amplitude at 282 nm (zero ordinate value of MET). On the other hand, the determination of MET was based on isosbestic point technique, where the total content of the mixture was determined at 294.5 nm (isosbestic point), then the content of MET could be calculated by subtraction. The second method was first derivative ratio spectrophotometric method ((1)DD) where the total amplitude at 261 and 285 nm and the amplitude at 295.5 nm were selected to simultaneously determine CIP and ...

CIPRO (Ciprofloxacin) Solution, Concentrate [Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 7, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from fish, shrimp, lobster, and crab in Iran

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 07:01:32 +0100

The objective of this study was to determine the Salmonella prevalence, the serotypes involved, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates recovered from fish, shrimp, lobster, and crab in Iran. A total of 384 samples of fish, shrimp, lobster, and crab were collected in three provinces along the Persian Gulf in the south coast of Iran. Samples were collected at the end of each month from September 2009 to May 2011. All samples were evaluated for the presence of Salmonella, stereotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. There was an overall Salmonella prevalence of 5%. Salmonella was isolated from a significantly larger number of fish (10.4%) than shrimp (1.8%; P ≤ 0.05). No Salmonella was isolated from lobster and crab samples. Salmonella isolates re...

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Amino acid substitutions of quinolone resistance determining regions in GyrA and ParC associated with quinolone resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU.

Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: A baumannii and AGS 13TU possessed similar quinolone resistance associated with amino acid substitutions in GyrA and ParC. Further study with more strains is needed to determine whether a single Ser83Leu substitution in GyrA was associated with a high level of quinolone MIC only in A baumannii, but not in AGS 13TU. PMID: 22153765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection)

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-triazolylmethoxy-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 17:43:42 +0100

Abstract 4-(5-Aryl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-2H-chromen-2-ones have been synthesized by the one pot cyclocondensation reaction of 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yloxy)acetohydrazide with aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate in acetic acid. The structures of all the new compounds have been established on the basis of their analytical and spectral data. These compounds were also evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against various strains of bacteria and fungi and some are found to possess significant antimicrobial activity when compared with ciprofloxacin and miconazole. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00044-011-9881-0Authors Siva S. Panda, Department of Chemistry, University of ...

The role of prophylactic antimicrobials during autologous stem cell transplantation: a single-center experience

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:48:59 +0100

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Among 232 ASCT cases performed at the Asan Medical Center, 114 cases underwent treatment with ciprofloxacin, fluconazole, and acyclovir (between January 2001 and August 2005), while 118 cases were performed without antimicrobial prophylaxis (between February 2004 and June 2008). The two-rate χ2 test was applied to accommodate the differences in neutropenia duration. The incidence of febrile episodes was 9.8 cases per 100 person-days in the prophylactic group, while it was 16.2 cases in the no-prophylactic group (p < 0.001). The rate of unexplained fever was 8.0 cases ...

Preclinical Effectiveness Validated Of Tuberculosis Drug Target That Could Shorten Treatment Time

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 08:00:00 +0100

In research at SRI International, scientists evaluating new drug targets against tuberculosis (TB) recently validated the preclinical effectiveness of a target that could rapidly eliminate infections and potentially shorten treatment time. The new drug target is a protein called DNA gyrase B, found in bacteria that cause TB infections. DNA gyrase is an enzyme consisting of two subunits: gyrase A and gyrase B. Although gyrase A is often the target of antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, there currently is no antibiotic on the market that targets gyrase B... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

CIPROFLOXACIN (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [H.J. Harkins Company, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 1, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Streptococcus agalactiae, an Emerging Pathogen for Cultured Ya‐Fish, Schizothorax prenanti, in China

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, four strains of a Gram‐positive, chain‐forming coccus were isolated from moribund cultured ya‐fish (S. prenanti). The coccoid microorganism was identified as S. agalactiae using a commercial streptococcal grouping kit and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Susceptibility of the isolates to 22 antibiotics was tested using the disc diffusion method. All isolates showed a similar antibiotic susceptibility, which were sensitive to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, chloramphenicol, rifampin, vancomycin, azithromycin, florfenicol, cefalexin, cefradine and deoxycycline and resistant to gentamicin, sinomin (SMZ/TMP), penicillin, tenemycin, fradiomycin and streptomycin. Furthermore, the virulence tests were conducted by intraperitoneal injection of the isolated strain GY10...

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Tetra‐aza Macrocyclic Scaffold Constrained Oxadiazole, Thiadiazole and Triazole Rings

Archiv der Pharmazie — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractA new series of N,N′‐(benzene‐1,3‐diyldi‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐5,2‐diyl)bis{2‐[(5‐benzene‐1,3‐diyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)amino]acetamide}(macrocycle 1), N,N′‐(benzene‐1,3‐diyldi‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐5,2‐diyl)bis{2‐[(5‐benzene‐1,3‐diyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)amino]acetamide} (macrocycle 2) and S,S′‐[benzene‐1,3‐diylbis(4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5,3‐diyl)]bis{[(5‐benzene‐1,3‐diyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)sulfanyl]ethanethioate}(macrocycle 3) was synthesized from isophthalic dihydrazide (4) through a multistep reaction sequence. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their inhibitory effect against four different bacterial strains: P. aeruginosa ATCC‐20852, K. pneumoniae MTCC‐618, S. aureus ATCC‐...

Isolation and Characterization of small qnrS1‐carrying plasmids from imported seafood isolates of Salmonella enterica that are highly similar to plasmids of clinical isolates

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractDissemination of plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance among pathogenic bacteria is a concern for public health due to decreased sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and increased potentials to develop high fluoroquinolone resistance. Two qnrS1‐positive isolates of Salmonella enterica, Corvallis (468) and Typhimurium (484) from imported seafood (Thailand and Vietnam) were tested for quinolone sensitivity using disk agar diffusion and the Sensititre® system. The presence of qnr genes, qnr‐carrying plasmids, and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) were also determined. MICs of nalidixic acid for isolates 468 and 484 were 8 and 16 μg/ml, respectively, and those of ciprofloxacin were 1 and 2 μg/ml, respectively. Disk agar diffusion indicated that isola...

[Antimicrobial sensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from patients with diarrhea].

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bascuñana P, Pena I, Picazo JJ, Velasco AC Abstract C. jejuni as well as some hippurate-negative Campylobacter species and related diarrheagenic organisms, are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in our environment all throughout the year. The aim of the present study was to determine thesensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from the stools of patients with diarrhea. We tested 39 Campylobacter coli, two C. lari and five Helicobacter pullorum strains identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erytrhomycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline and chloramphenicol was tested by E-test. Most hippurate-negative Campylobacter and H. pu...

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:05:44 +0100

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus small colony variants (SCVs) are being isolated more frequently in Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SCVs, their phenotypical and genotypical properties in CF patients admitted to a university hospital. Specimens of 248 patients were examined during a period of 11 months. Colonies supposed to be SCVs were evaluated on Columbia blood agar, mannitol salt agar (MSA) and brain‐heart infusion agar with 5% NaCl (BHIA‐ 5% NaCl). Isolates were confirmed by S. aureus nucA PCR. Antibiotic susceptibilities of SCVs and simultaneously isolated S. aureus strains were determined for oxacillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid and tigecycline. Genetic relatedness between SCVs and normal ...

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The electro‐mechanical window in anaesthetized guinea‐pigs: a new marker for Torsade de Pointes risk screening

British Journal of Pharmacology — Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and implications: A decreased E‐M window was consistently observed with drugs documented to have high TdP risk, but not with drugs with low or no TdP risk. These results suggest the E‐M window in anaesthetized guinea‐pigs is a risk marker for TdP in man. (Source: British Journal of Pharmacology)

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus small‐colony variants in cystic fibrosis patients

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractStaphylococcus aureus small‐colony variants (SCVs) are being isolated more frequently in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus SCVs and their phenotypic and genotypic properties in CF patients admitted to a university hospital. Specimens of 248 patients were examined during a period of 11 months. Colonies supposed to be SCVs were evaluated on Columbia blood agar, mannitol salt agar, and brain–heart infusion agar with 5% NaCl (BHIA 5% NaCl). Strains were confirmed by S. aureus nucA PCR. Antibiotic susceptibilities of SCVs and simultaneously isolated S. aureus strains were determined for oxacillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, and tigecycline. Genetic relat...

Audit of rates of sepsis post Trans Rectal Ultra Sound biopsy of the prostate and establishment of active surveillance for sepsis in the Rapid Access Prostate Clinic in University Hospital Galway: Category: Lesson in Microbiology & Infection Control

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:46 +0100

Transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate is used routinely in the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate. Although antimicrobial prophylaxis (ciprofloxacin in this institution) is used routinely there is a recognized risk of blood stream infection (BSI) following biopsy. A number of reports have documented antimicrobial resistant bacteria including extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers in this setting. Recently standard practice has changed from performance of 6 biopsies per patient to 12 biopsies although this number of biopsies may not be taken in all cases. Prompted by the presentation of a number of cases of BSI post TRUS biopsy in the first half of 2010 we performed a retrospective review of cases for the first 8 months of 2010 and developed a process for p...

A pain in the neck: Category: Clinical lesson

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:46 +0100

A severely immunocompromised Zimbabwean man with advanced HIV disease diagnosed 10 years previously presented with a three week history of sore throat, dysphagia, right ear discharge and fever. He was not on anti-retroviral treatment at the time, having been previously unable to comply with numerous Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) regimens, and had a CD4 count of 5 cells/ml and HIV viral load of 946,106 copies/ml. His other active HIV related problems included recurrent peri-anal herpes, HIV dermopathy and recurrent folliculitis, chronic suppurative otitis media, co-infection with Hepatitis B, renal dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy and impotence. His most recent travel had been to Zimbabwe five years earlier. On examination he had a temperature of 38oC, a tender, enlarged r...

'Eye can't believe it's not better': an unusual case of endogenous endophthalmitis: Category: Clinical lesson

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:46 +0100

An otherwise well 63 year old woman with a history of insulin dependent type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stage 3 CKD and diverticulosis presented to eye clinic with a 2 day history of acute pain and redness of her right eye. She gave a history of night sweats 2 days previously and was nauseous. On examination, right visual acuity was reduced to hand movements. She was found to have an anterior uveitis and modestly raised intra-ocular pressure. A standard regime of intensive topical steroid and mydriatics was commenced. However, this produced no improvement and the patient became increasingly unwell with eye pain and vomiting leading to admission. General examination was unremarkable and re-examination of the eye demonstrated a hypopyon but excluded posterior and retinal involvement. Systemic...

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Enterobacter cloacae demonstrating reduced susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins and ertapenem on a Level 3 Neonatal Unit: Category: Lesson in Microbiology & Infection Control

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:45 +0100

We report on our findings over an eight month period, and discuss the issues arising. (Source: Journal of Infection)

Bactericidal effects of antimicrobial agents on epithelial cell-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:52:22 +0100

Abstract It is not clear whether antipseudomonal agents can kill cell-associated bacteria within a short time. Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and A549 cells were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and PAO1 and the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin against the organisms was investigated. In both MDCK and A549 cells, β-lactams could not kill epithelial cell-associated bacteria within 2 h. Gentamicin at concentrations ≤32 μg/ml killed more than 99% of epithelial cell-associated bacteria. Ciprofloxacin at 0.5 μg/ml killed more than 99.9% of MDCK cell-associated bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has the strongest and most rapid bactericidal activity against epithelial cell-associated bacteria, whic...

Microbiological findings and predisposing risk factors in corneal ulcers

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:52:19 +0100

Conclusions The bacterial spectrum is changing. The most effective drugs are chloramphenicol and fusidic acid, followed by ciprofloxacin. Specific systemic and local predisposing factors promote the risk of bacterial keratitis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory CorneaPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00417-011-1722-9Authors Verena Prokosch, Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 15, 48149 Münster, GermanyZisis Gatzioufas, University Eye Hospital, University of Saarland, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg, GermanySolon Thanos, Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 15, 48149 Münster, GermanyTobias Stupp, Institute for Experimental Ophthalmology, School of ...

Enteric fever in returning travellers: Role of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy

Journal of Infection — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In a recent review of imported enteric fever in Leicester, UK, a shift in therapy from ciprofloxacin to ceftriaxone and azithromycin was observed between 1999 and 2009, reflecting reduced ciprofloxacin sensitivity (MIC 0.125–1 mg/L) amongst Salmonella enterica isolates across Asia. (Source: Journal of Infection)

Ciprofloxacin: First report of Sweet's syndrome: case report

Reactions — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:51:47 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Detrimental effect of apoptosis of lymphocytes at an early time point of experimental abdominal sepsis

BMC Infectious Diseases — Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Lymphocyte apoptosis at an early time point of experimental peritonitis is a major driver for death. A lower percentage of apoptosis leads earlier to death. Antimicrobials were beneficial even at that disease state. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Wild-type MIC distribution and epidemiological cut-off values in clinical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: All isolates were inhibited by low concentrations of the fluoroquinolones and macrolides tested, with somewhat higher MICs for the fluoroquinolones. Rifampicin was found to be the most active against L. pneumophila isolates in vitro. These data can be used as a reference for the detection of resistance in clinical L. pneumophila isolates and as a setting of clinical breakpoints. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

Ciprofloxacin as a prophylactic agent against prostate cancer: A “two hit” hypothesis

Medical Hypotheses — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: More evidence indicate that prostate inflammation can lead to prostate cancer development. Prostate cancer affects elderly men. Prostate cancer prophylaxis is an important issue because life expectancy is very long now. Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial agent used mainly in urinary tract infections and prostate inflammation. This drug acts also against cancer cells by the inhibition of topoisomerase II. These properties should allow it to inhibit the development of prostate cancer. Firstly, ciprofloxacin can stop the acute and chronic prostate inflammation which can lead to cancer development. Secondly, ciprofloxacin can potentially kill prostate cancer cells in their early stage of development. Ciprofloxacin accumulates mainly in the prostate after oral intake thus ciprofloxacin...

The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on large pig breeding farms in Croatia.

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 04:07:45 +0100

Authors: Habrun B, Račić I, Beck R, Budimir A, Benić M, Kompes G, Spičić S, Cvetnić Z Abstract Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged worldwide and have become resistant to a variety of antibiotics. MRSA colonisation in pigs was first reported from the Netherlands in 2005, where pigs were implicated as a source of human MRSA infections (Voss et al., 2005). This paper presents the first report on the presence of MRSA on large pig breeding farms in Croatia, together with the determination of the mecA gene, the results of spa typing and susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials. Dust samples (7-11 per farm) were collected from eight large pig farms in Croatia. Of the total 68 swabs, the mecA gene was detected in 24 isolates growing on the MRSA agar....

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Diabetes Patients with Foot Ulcers

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 14:07:27 +0100

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an invasive organism that frequently causes severe tissue damage in diabetic foot ulcers. A major problem in P. aeruginosa infection may be that this pathogen exhibits a high degree of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. The study aimed to isolate and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the P. aeruginosa population from diabetes patients with foot ulcers attending tertiary care hospitals in and around Coimbatore and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, for a period of one year (June 2006 to April 2007). The present study comprised 270 pus specimens collected from diabetic patients with foot ulcers. All pus samples were ...

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Identification of transferable DHA-1 type AmpC beta-lactamases and two mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions in Salmonella enterica Thompson.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Yu F, Chen C, Chen Q, Yu X, Ding B, Yang L, Li Q, Qin Z, Parsons C, Zhang X, Zhang L, Qu D, Wang L, Pan J Abstract Human illnesses caused by Salmonella species often require antibiotic treatment, and antibiotic resistance for Salmonella species is conferred through multiple mechanisms. Salmonella enterica Thompson, a pathogen commonly infecting poultry, causes human infection following food-borne transmission, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance for this pathogen have not been well characterized. We isolated Salmonella enterica Thompson (Salmonella enterica Thompson NC24) from the stool of a 3-year-old patient with diarrhea in Nanchang, China. The isolate demonstrated resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, including ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cipro...

Investigation on the Competition Interaction of Synthetic Food Colorants and Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride with Bovine Serum Albumin by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Anesthesiology Research and Practice — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 15:57:44 +0100

The effects of synthetic food colorants like tartrazine (TTZ), sunset yellow (SY), and erythrosine (ETS) on the binding reaction between ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPFX) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy in the aqueous solution of pH = 7.40. Results showed that CPFX caused the fluorescence quenching of BSA through a static quenching procedure and the primary binding site was located at subdomain IIA of BSA (site I). According to the calculated thermodynamic parameters, it confirmed that CPFX bound to BSA by electrostatic interaction. In addition, the colorants affected the formation of BSA-CPFX complex. This resulted in an increase of the free, biological active fraction of CPFX. The binding distance of BSA-CPFX systems was evaluated according ...

Antimicrobial resistance to Citrobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. isolated from goose eggs

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 06:47:37 +0100

Abstract Infections with bacteria of the genus Salmonella are responsible for a variety of acute and chronic diseases in poultry. Infected poultry flocks are also among the most important reservoirs of salmonellae that can be transmitted through the food chain to humans. Citrobacter belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family which is closely related to Salmonella. The aim of this study was to examine goose eggs contaminated with Citrobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. and determine the drug resistance pattern of the isolated organisms. Two hundred and forty goose eggs were collected in Zabol region and were transferred to the microbiology laboratory of Zabol University. The egg shells were thoroughly disinfected and the interior contents of individual eggs were pooled into a steri...

Diarrhea associated with Shigella in children and susceptibility of the bacterium to antimicrobials: a study in Teresina, Piauí, Northeast of Brazil.

Jornal de Pediatria — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: S. flexneri is common in Teresina. The resistance to ampicillin and sulphametoxazole-trimethoprim gives cause for concern, as these drugs are widely used in practice and sulphametoxazole-trimethoprim is also recommended for treating children suspected of having shigellosis. PMID: 22089139 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Jornal de Pediatria)

A retrospective observational study on the efficacy of colistin by inhalation as compared to parenteral administration for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia associated with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

BMC Infectious Diseases — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Aerosolized colistin could be beneficial as adjunctive treatment for the management of pneumonia due to MDR P. aeruginosa. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

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CIPROFLOXACIN (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Tablet, Film Coated [Cardinal Health]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Tuning of antibacterial activity of a cyclopropyl fluoroquinolone by variation of the substituent at position C-8

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Substitution of hydrogen at position C-8 of an analogue of pradofloxacin by CN provided for MPCs lower than those of 8-O-CH3 and almost similar to C-8-halogenated compounds, while alkoxy substituents caused reduced activity and hydroxylation resulted in inactivation. Efficacy was co-dependent on the amine moiety located at C-7. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Comparative in vitro activity of finafloxacin against staphylococci displaying normal and small colony variant phenotypes

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Particularly in acidic body compartments, finafloxacin appears to be a promising new antibiotic for the treatment of persistent staphylococcal infections, including those caused by SCVs. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Antibiotic use in long-term care facilities

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Antibiotic use is common among long-term care residents, variable across institutions, and may benefit from focused antimicrobial stewardship interventions to standardize treatment indications and duration. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Sublethal ciprofloxacin treatment leads to resistance via antioxidant systems in Proteus mirabilis.

FEMS Microbiology Letters — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 15:37:35 +0100

This study investigates new aspects of the possible role of antioxidant defenses in the mechanisms of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Proteus mirabilis. Four Ciprofloxacin Resistant Variants (CRVs), selected in vitro by repeated cultures in a sub‐MIC concentration of ciprofloxacin, attained different levels of antibiotic resistance and high Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, with 10‐6 frequencies. However, no mutations occurred in positions 83 or 87 of gyrA; 464 or 466 of gyrB; or 78, 80 or 84 of parC, suggesting that resistance taken place without these typical mutations in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV. Assays with ciprofloxacin, and the pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone showed that in addition to the antioxidant mechanisms, the influx/efflux mechanism also co...

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Antimicrobial activity of medicated soaps commonly used by Dar es Salaam residents in Tanzania

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, majority of the assayed medicated soaps have satisfactory antibacterial activity; though lack antifungal effect with exception of Linda® liquid soap. The hand washing technique has proved to be inappropriate for evaluation of soaps' antimicrobial efficacy due to presence of the skin microflora. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences)

Prevalence, patterns of use, and socio-demographic factors of self medication with antibiotics in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: cross sectional population based survey

BMC Research Notes — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the period prevalence, patterns of use, and socio-demographic factors associated with self medication with antibiotics in Yogyakarta City Indonesia. This cross-sectional population-based survey used a pre-tested questionnaire which was self-administered to randomly selected respondents (over 18 years old) in Yogyakarta City Indonesia in 2010 (N=625). Descriptive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression were applied.A total of 559 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate = 90%). The period prevalence of self medication with antibiotics during the month prior to the study was 7.3 %. Amoxicillin was the most popular (77%) antibiotic for self medication besides ampicillin, fradiomycin-gramicidin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin to treat the following symptoms: ...

Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: an Exploratory Study in Palestine.

Current Clinical Pharmacology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: E. coli was the most frequent bacterium in the studied sample and showed high resistance to first-line antibiotics. Our results highlight the need for developing local guidelines where elevated resistance to antibiotics should influence prescribing decisions. PMID: 22082328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology)

Synthesis and bioevaluation of Schiff and Mannich bases of isatin derivatives with 4-amino-5-benzyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:53:24 +0100

Abstract Isatin (2,3-dioxindole) and its derivatives show a wide range of biological activities. In the present study, a series of Schiff and Mannich bases of isatin derivatives were prepared using 4-amino-5-benzyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione. The structures of these derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. In vitro antimicrobial activities were evaluated by agar dilution method and the zone of inhibition values of these derivatives were compared with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Chloro and Bromo groups at fifth position of isatin broaden the spectrum of antibacterial activity against S. aures, P. aeruginoa, and E. coli, respectively. For the antifungal activity, the compound 6h showed equipotent activity against A. niger. The remainin...

Ciprofloxacin: Liver injury, possibly leading to autoimmune hepatitis: case report

Reactions — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 08:03:53 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

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Potentially Harmful Drug-Drug Interactions in the Elderly: A Review.

The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Several population-based studies have reported significant harm associated drug interactions in elderly patients. Increased awareness and interventions aimed at reducing exposure and minimizing the risks associated with potentially harmful drug combinations are needed. PMID: 22078863 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy)

Mollicutes contamination: A new strategy for an effective rescue of cancer cell lines.

Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, we want to suggest an optimized antibiotic panel to get 100% mycoplasma-clearance especially in case of unique or treatment-resistant cellular models. PMID: 22078664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Biologicals : Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization)

Risk factors for elevated INR values during warfarin therapy in hospitalized pediatric patients

Pediatric Blood and Cancer — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 00:50:04 +0100

ConclusionsElevated INR values occur often in patients receiving warfarin while admitted to a tertiary care pediatric facility and modifiable risk factors exist for elevated INR values. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: Pediatric Blood and Cancer)

Sublethal ciprofloxacin treatment leads to resistance via antioxidant systems in Proteus mirabilis

FEMS Microbiology Letters — Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study investigates new aspects of the possible role of antioxidant defenses in the mechanisms of resistance to ciprofloxacin in Proteus mirabilis. Four ciprofloxacin‐resistant variants (CRVs), selected in vitro by repeated cultures in a sub‐minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) concentration of ciprofloxacin, attained different levels of antibiotic resistance and high Ferric reducing antioxidant power, with 10−6 frequencies. However, no mutations occurred in positions 83 or 87 of gyrA, 464 or 466 of gyrB, or 78, 80 or 84 of parC, suggesting that resistance took place without these typical mutations in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV. Assays with ciprofloxacin and the pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone showed that in addition to the antioxidant mechanisms, ...

Novel Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel Microspheres of Chitosan and Poly(acrylamide)-grafted-Guar Gum for Controlled Release of Ciprofloxacin

Industrial and Engineering Chemical Research — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 14:59:30 +0100

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry ResearchDOI: 10.1021/ie2012856 (Source: Industrial and Engineering Chemical Research)

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Rapid evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in Nigeria is temporally associated with fluoroquinolone use

BMC Infectious Diseases — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Fluoroquinolones, and not chloroquine, appear to be the selective force for fluoroquinolone-resistant fecal E. coli in this setting. Rapid evolution to resistance following fluoroquinolone introduction points the need to implement resistant containment strategies when new antibacterials are introduced into resource-poor settings with high infectious disease burdens. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Differential Effect of Linezolid and Ciprofloxacin on Toxin Production by Bacillus anthracis In an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic System.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin and linezolid reduced the total Sterne population at similar rates. However, the BA population was primarily spores with ciprofloxacin therapy and was primarily vegetative bacteria with linezolid therapy. Toxin production was detected for at least 5 hours with ciprofloxacin therapy but was never detected with linezolid treatment. Linezolid may have an advantage over ciprofloxacin for the treatment of BA infections. PMID: 22064542 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Distribution of spontaneous gyrA mutations in 97 fluoroquinolone-resistant French Helicobacter pylori isolates.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Garcia M, Raymond J, Garnier M, Cremniter J, Burucoa C Abstract We determined the prevalence of gyrA mutations conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in 97 Helicobacter pylori isolates collected in France from 2007 to 2010. Ninety-four harbored one or two mutations already described in the QRDR of gyrA (T87I n=23, N87K n=32, D91N n=30, D91G n=7, D91Y n=6), 2 harbored a mutation never previously described (D91H and A88P); one strain was resistant (ciprofloxacin MIC 8 mg/L) without detected mutation conferring this resistance in gyrA or gyrB genes. PMID: 22064536 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound biopsy of the prostate in Ireland

Irish Journal of Medical Science — Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:11:49 +0100

Conclusion There is a lack of standardisation of antibiotic prophylaxis in Irish hospitals. There is a need for guidelines to clarify the most appropriate antibiotic, route of administration and duration of treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11845-011-0774-5Authors L. G. Smyth, Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, IrelandD. W. Mulvin, Department of Urology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland Journal Irish Journal of Medical ScienceOnline ISSN 1863-4362Print ISSN 0021-1265 (Source: Irish Journal of Medical Science)

A Study of the Bacteriological Profile of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Agartala

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 16:47:15 +0100

Abstract Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the most commonly encountered diseases in otolaryngology practice. Even in this era of powerful antibiotics, CSOM still consumes considerable medical expenditure, especially in the poorer sections of the society. The present prospective study was conducted at the IGM Hospital, Agartala, in North East India towards clinico-microbiologic evaluation of chronic suppurative otitis media. The focus was mainly on aerobic bacteria, involved in active CSOM in adults as well as children. An attempt was made, despite resource and man power constraints, to have a glimpse of the current antibiotic sensitivity pattern, with special reference to ciprofloxacin. However, the main aim of this study is to see the types of aerobic bac...

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The role of fluoroquinolones in the management of urinary tract infections in areas with high rates of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogens

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 05:44:22 +0100

Abstract Fluoroquinolones have been recommended as the drugs of choice for the empirical treatment of uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant uropathogens. However, because of the increased use of both oral and parenteral fluoroquinolones for other kinds of infections, increasing rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones among the most common uropathogens have challenged this recommendation, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. The current interpretative criteria for the in vitro susceptibility of uropathogens to some fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, are set according to their therapeutic efficacy for bloodstream infections, and are not specific to UTIs. Fluoroquinolones ex...

CIPROFLOXACIN (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) Solution/ Drops [Akorn Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 4, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of naphthyridone derivatives containing mono/difluoro-methyloxime pyrrolidine scaffolds.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lv K, Liu ML, Feng LS, Sun LY, Sun YX, Wei ZQ, Guo HQ Abstract A series of novel naphthyridone derivatives containing mono/difluoro-methyloxime pyrrolidine scaffolds were designed and synthesized. These derivatives were initially evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity and compounds 13a1, b1 were chosen for further evaluation their in vivo activity against systemic infections in mice. The results indicate that all of the target compounds have considerable in vitro antibacterial activity. In the in vivo experiments, 13b1 was found to be more effective than the parent drug gemifloxacin against the tested five strains, and especially its activity (ED(50):21.27 mg/kg) is 5.2-6.1 times more potent than gemifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against clinically important...

Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:58:26 +0100

Conclusion The overall numbers of patients with endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections has risen dramatically over the past years. In contrast to earlier reports of multicentre studies, outcome of patients is relatively poor in the current treatment settings. We did not find clinical features useful in identifying cases with negative culture. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Retinal DisordersPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00417-011-1851-1Authors Cristina Irigoyen, Link 8z, St Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP UKKimia Ziahosseini, Link 8z, St Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP UKGeorge Morphis, Link 8z, St Paul’s Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University ...

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 5-((3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-diones

Medicinal Chemistry Research — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:57:00 +0100

Abstract A series of 5-((3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-diones was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation of various 3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes (1a–h) with thiazolidine-2,4-dione (2) in ethanol in the presence of piperidine. All compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) activity and compared with the commercially available antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. All compounds showed good activity against gram-positive bacteria, however, none of the compounds were found to be effective against gram-negative bacteria. Compound 3g was found to be most potent member among all the compounds showing MIC of 16 μg/ml against S. aureus and 32&n...

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[Correspondence] Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica

The Lancet Infectious Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica (serotypes typhi and paratyphi A) has become an emerging problem in endemic countries. In 2002, after giving a presentation at the annual convention of the Society of Internal Medicine of Nepal, a Nepalese physician asked me what they could use to treat multidrug-resistant typhoid. The resistance of S enterica to oral antibiotics including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin was increasing across all endemic areas. (Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases)

Antibiotic susceptibility and intracellular localization of Diplorickettsia massiliensis

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractDiplorickettsia massiliensis is an obligate intracellular bacterium from the Coxiellaceae family recently isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks. The inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents were assessed by two different methods, Immunofluorescence and Gimenez staining assay. Different markers (EEA1, Lamp‐1, capthepsin D and LysoTracker Red DND99) were used to reveal the nature of the vacuole containing the bacterium. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and rifampin had MIC values of 2 μg/ml. We found that 4μg/ml of Doxycycline inhibited the growth of D. massiliensis strain. Surprisingly, D. massilensis was resistant to chloramphenicol up to the concentration of 64μg/ml. We found that Penicillin G, Ammonium chloride, Gentamycin, Omeprazole, Bafilomycin A1 and Chloroquine were not activ...

Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for simultaneous detection of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci ... — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang HT, Jiang JQ, Wang ZL, Chang XY, Liu XY, Wang SH, Zhao K, Chen JS Abstract Modified 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide (EDC) method was employed to synthesize the artificial antigen of enrofloxacin (ENR), and New Zealand rabbits were used to produce anti-ENR polyclonal antibody (pAb). Based on the checkerboard titration, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standard curve was established. This assay was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.6 to 148.0 μg/kg (R(2)=0.9567), with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) and limit of detection (LOD) values of 9.4 μg/kg and 0.2 μg/kg, respectively. Of all the competitive analogues, the produced pAb exhibited a high cross-reactivity to ciprofloxacin (CIP) (87%), the ma...

Antibacterial activities of selected Cameroonian spices and their synergistic effects with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant phenotypes

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The overall results provide information for the possible use of the studied extracts of the spices in the control of bacterial infections involving MDR phenotypes. (Source: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine)

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Barraud O, Badell E, Denis F, Guiso N, Ploy MC Abstract To the Editor: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the agent of pharyngeal and cutaneous diphtheria. We did a retrospective analysis of the antimicrobial drug susceptibilities of 46 C. diphtheriae isolates sent during 1993 through 2010 to the French National Reference Centre of Toxigenic Corynebacteria. The isolates came from metropolitan France and French overseas departments and territories. Only 1 isolate, C. diphtheriae biovar mitis, FRC24, expressed the following antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile: susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, kanamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and vancomycin and resistant at an uncommonly high level to trimethoprim, sul...

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Clinical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, and Outcomes of Patients with Chryseobacterium indologenes Bacteremia in an Intensive Care Unit.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chou DW, Wu SL, Lee CT, Tai FT, Yu WL Abstract Ten patients with intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia between January 2004 and December 2008 were studied. The primary site of infection was unknown for 80% of the cases. The known primary sites of infection were empyema (10%) and catheter-related bacteremia (10%). Eight patients (80%) had polymicrobial bacteremia, spent more than 21 days in the ICU, and received more than 14 days of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy prior to the onset of C. indologenes bacteremia. All isolates were 100% susceptible to minocycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Vancomycin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin exhibited 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 30%, respectively, susceptibil...

Infection after transrectal ultrasonography‐guided prostate biopsy: increased relative risks after recent international travel or antibiotic use

BJU International — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS• Either recent international travel or antibiotic use are independent risk factors for severe infection after TRUS‐guided prostate biopsy.• When infection does occur it should be treated aggressively as the causative agent is usually a multiresistant E. coli. (Source: BJU International)

Assessment of the genotoxicity of quinolone and fluoroquinolones contaminated soil with the Vicia faba micronucleus test.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Khadra A, Pinelli E, Lacroix MZ, Bousquet-Melou A, Hamdi H, Merlina G, Guiresse M, Hafidi M Abstract The genotoxicity of quinolone and fluroquinolones was assessed using the micronucleus (MN) test on Vicia faba roots by direct contact exposure to a solid matrix. Plants were exposed to quinolones (nalidixic acid) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) alone or mixed with artificially contaminated soils. Four different concentrations of each of these antibiotics were tested (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10mg/Kg) for nalidixic acid and (0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5mg/Kg) for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. These antibiotics were also used in mixture. Exposure of Vicia faba plants to each antibiotic at the highest two concentrations showed significant MN induction. The lowest two...

Characterization of class I integrons among Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from human and poultry

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the high rates of multidrug‐resistance and class I integrons found among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates in human and poultry population in our area, suggest that efforts are needed to confine the prevalence of multidrug‐resistant Salmonella isolates. (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)

Characterization of class I integrons among Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated from humans and poultry

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the high rates of multidrug‐resistance and class I integrons found among S. Enteritidis isolates in humans and poultry in Tehran suggest that efforts are needed to confine the prevalence of MDR Salmonella isolates. (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)

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Exploring the contribution of efflux on the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results obtained in this work do not exclude the importance of mutations in resistance to fluoroquinolones in S. aureus, yet they underline the contribution of efflux systems for the emergence of high-level resistance. All together, the results presented in this study show the potential role played by efflux systems in the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of S. aureus. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

Molecular Epidemiology of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan

Microbial Drug Resistance — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 15:07:10 +0100

Microbial Drug Resistance , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Microbial Drug Resistance)

CIPRODEX (Ciprofloxacin And Dexamethasone) Suspension [Rebel Distributors Corp]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 21, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

The effect of aging on migration, proliferation, and collagen expression of tenocytes in response to ciprofloxacin

Journal of Orthopaedic Research — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, aging potentiated the ciprofloxacin‐mediated inhibition of migration, proliferation, and expression of type III collagen of tenocytes. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res (Source: Journal of Orthopaedic Research)

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Bacillus oleronius and Demodex mites infestation in patients with chronic blepharitis

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractIn order to better recognize pathogenicity of ocular Demodex mites, we analysed manifestation of B. oleronius infection in patients with Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis. The studies were conducted on 68 adult patients, in which ophthalmological and parasitological tests permitted to distinguish a group of 38 patients with diagnosis of Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis (group 1, including a subgroup 1a with moderate blepharitis and a subgroup 1b with severe blepharitis) and a group of 30 healthy individuals (group 2). In every studied person 6 eyelashes were epilated from each eye and a number of Demodex per eyelash was scored. In parallel bacterial culture and isolation allowed for their phenotypic and molecular identification. Drug sensitivity of the obtained isolates wa...

Bacillus oleronius and Demodex mite infestation in patients with chronic blepharitis

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractTo better recognize the pathogenicity of ocular Demodex mites, we analysed Bacillus oleronius infection in patients with Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis. The studies were conducted on 68 adult patients, in whom ophthalmological and parasitological tests permitted the distinction of a group of 38 patients with a diagnosis of Demodex‐related chronic blepharitis (group 1, including a subgroup 1a with moderate blepharitis and a subgroup 1b with severe blepharitis) and a group of 30 healthy individuals (group 2). In every person studied six eyelashes were epilated from each eye and the number of Demodex per eyelash was scored. In parallel, bacterial culture and isolation allowed their phenotypic and molecular identification. The drug sensitivity of the isola...

Multi-drug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 variant El Tor isolated in northern Vietnam between 2007 and 2010.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study shows that multidrug resistant V. cholerae altered El Tor producing classical CT strains are now predominant in northern Vietnam. PMID: 22016560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology)

CIPROFLOXACIN AND DEXTROSE (Ciprofloxacin) Injection, Solution [Hikma Farmaceutica]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 19, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Synergistic effects of glutamine and ciprofloxacin in reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced septic shock severity.

International Immunopharmacology — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Gln has synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin in reduction of P. aeruginosa-induced septic shock. PMID: 22015604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology)

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Data Mining Derived Treatment Algorithms From the Electronic Medical Record Improve Theoretical Empirical Therapy for Outpatient Urinary Tract Infections

The Journal of Urology — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance patterns in outpatient urinary tract infections are time dependent, and drug and site specific. Data mining directed therapy significantly improved theoretical outcomes compared to conventional therapy for Department of Urology outpatients and for female patients in the Emergency Department. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravenous ciprofloxacin versus meropenem in the treatment of postoperative infection

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 15:58:45 +0100

Abstract Therapeutic options for postoperative infection in gastrointestinal surgery are limited. To identify new treatment alternatives, the Japan Society for Surgical Infection conducted a multicenter prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of intravenous ciprofloxacin (CIP IV) and intravenous meropenem (MEM IV). Between July 2005 and May 2008, the trial recruited patients who developed postoperative infection or had suspected infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome after elective clean-contaminated gastrointestinal surgery. All patients had received prophylactic postoperative antibiotic treatment. Patients received either intravenous CIP IV 300 mg b.i.d. or MEM IV 500 mg b.i.d. A total of 205 patients from 31 instit...

CIPROFLOXACIN AND DEXTROSE (Ciprofloxacin) Injection, Solution [Hikma Farmaceutica]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 18, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Exploration of in vitro time point quantitative evaluation of newly synthesized benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents.

Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bandyopadhyay P, Sathe M, Ponmariappan S, Sharma A, Sharma P, Srivastava AK, Kaushik MP Abstract Present communication deals with the in vitro time point quantitative antibacterial evaluation of newly synthesized 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles (3a-p) and 2-substituted benzothiazoles (5a-h) against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli. These compounds were synthesized under mild reaction conditions using Al(2)O(3)-Fe(2)O(3) nanocrystals as heterogeneous catalyst. Bio-evaluation studies revealed that, compounds 3a, 5a and 5d exhibited moderate to good antibacterial activity against all the tested bacterial stains. The compounds 3a, 3f and 5a have shown enhanced i...