MedWorm: Clindamycin

Multidrug-Resistant, NAP2 Clostridium difficile was the Predominant Toxigenic, Hospital-Acquired Strain in the Province of Manitoba, Canada in 2006-2007.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objective of the current study was to determine if the antimicrobial susceptibility profile or genotype of hospital-acquired isolates of Clostridium difficile differed from isolates causing community-acquired disease. Five hundred diarrheal stool samples (>2 ml, one sample per patient) from patients across Manitoba, Canada in 2006-2007 that were reported as C. difficile toxin-positive were cultured and resulted in 432 isolates of toxin-positive C. difficile for analysis. Of the 432 isolates, acquisition status could be determined for 235 (54.4%) isolates; 182 (77.4%) were hospital-acquired and 53 (22.6%) were community-acquired. North American Pulsotype (NAP) designations based on SmaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis could be defined for 52% of the 432 isolates with NAP2 (n = 122) ...

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CLINDA-DERM (Clindamycin Phosphate) Solution [Paddock Laboratoratories, LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Feb 1, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Acute dacryocystitis in a 2-year old child caused by pantoea.

Orbit — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zuberbuhler B, Carifi G, Leatherbarrow B Abstract A previously healthy 23-month-old girl was admitted for the management of an acute unilateral dacryocystitis following accidental contact with dog faeces. No periocular trauma was reported. Microbiological investigation showed a multiresistant strain of Pantoea species to be the responsible pathogen. The infection responded to a course of oral Clindamycin and Ciprofloxacin, in combination with Chloramphenicol eye drops. This is the first report of an acute dacryocystitis sustained by this microorganism. PMID: 22296230 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orbit)

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus after rituximab therapy.

Lupus — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We report PCP in two patients with SLE after rituximab treatment. Fever and respiratory symptoms associated with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates developed within weeks after rituximab therapy. One patient died of respiratory failure. Another patient recovered uneventfully after treatment with clindamycin and primaquine. PMID: 22287506 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Lupus)

Bath salts and necrotizing fasciitis: a case report

The Poison Review — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 04:52:17 +0100

3 out of 5 stars Life-threatening Necrotizing Fasciitis Due to ‘Bath Salts’ Injection. Russo R et al. Orthopedics 2012 Jan 16;35(1):e124-7. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20111122-36. Abstract This dramatic case report fro Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center describes a 34-year-old woman who developed a rapidly progressing necrotizing fasciitis several days after injecting a “bath salt” product intramuscularly into the right forearm. The authors report that the infection was so virulent that: “In the time it took to expose the anterior upper arm, muscle in the forearm that had previously been contractile and pink had turned dusky and noncontractile.” In the effort to debride necrotic tissue and establish clean margins, the surgeons performed a fore...

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Ontario Sheep Flocks and Associations between Antimicrobial use and Antimicrobial Resistance

Zoonoses and Public Health — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in faecal Campylobacter spp. from lambs and adult sheep and associations between antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR. A total of 275 faecal samples collected during initial and final visits from 51 sheep flocks, including one feedlot, across southern Ontario were tested for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was detected in 52% (143/275) of the faecal samples, Campylobacter coli in 7% (19/275), Campylobacter lari in 1% (2/275) and 2% (4/275) were non‐speciated Campylobacter. Broth microdilution was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of 162 isolates to nine antimicrobials. Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 142) were resistant to tetracycline (39%), ciprofloxacin (4%...

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Antimalarials/clindamycin/dexamethasone: Zygomycosis (first report with dapsone, pyrimethamine and clindamycin) and pancytopenia: case report

Reactions — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:35:21 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Clindamycin: Clostridium difficile pancolitis in a child, treated with mesalazine: case report

Reactions — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 18:35:21 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes lipase by extracts of Indian medicinal plants

International Journal of Cosmetic Science — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study reports for the first time the novel antilipase activity of chebulagic acid (IC50: 60 μM) with MIC value of 12.5 μg mL−1 against P. acnes.The inhibitory potential of plant extracts was further confirmed by plate assay. The organism was grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of extracts from P. kurroa, V. negundo, T. chebula, E. ribes and antibiotics such as clindamycin and tetracycline. Extract from T. chebula showed significant inhibition of lipase activity and number of P. acnes.© 2012 The Authors ICS © 2012 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie (Source: International Journal of Cosmetic Science)

Effect of Peritoneal Lavage with Clindamycin-Gentamicin Solution on Infections after Elective Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Journal of the American College of Surgeons — Sat, 21 Jan 2012 10:57:32 +0100

Conclusions: Antibiotic lavage of the peritoneum is associated with a lower incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses and wound infections. (Source: Journal of the American College of Surgeons)

Single Dose of Antibiotic Leaves Mice Highly Vulnerable to Intestinal Infection

American Society for Microbiology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:01:00 +0100

Yet another study adds to the growing evidence that antibiotics can disrupt the balance of the intestinal flora, with negative effects on health. A team of researchers from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, has shown in mouse models that a single dose of the commonly used antibiotic, clindamycin, wiped out nearly 90 percent of bacterial taxa, leaving the mice unusually susceptible to infection by Clostridium difficile. Read more... (Source: American Society for Microbiology)

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DUAC (Clindamycin Phosphate And Benzoyl Peroxide) Gel [Stiefel Laboratories Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 19, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Lannett Company, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 18, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

The Role of Rifampin against Propionibacterium acnes Biofilm in vitro and in an Experimental Foreign-Body Infection Model.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Furustrand Tafin U, Corvec S, Betrisey B, Zimmerli W, Trampuz A Abstract Propionibacterium acnes is an important cause of orthopedic implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. We investigated the activity of rifampin, alone and in combination, against planktonic and biofilm P. acnes in vitro and in a foreign-body infection model. The MIC and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.007 and 4 μg/ml for rifampin, 1 and 4 μg/ml for daptomycin, 1 and 8 μg/ml for vancomycin, 1 and 2 μg/ml for levofloxacin, 0.03 and 16 μg/ml for penicillin G, 0.125 and 512 μg/ml for clindamycin, and 0.25 and 32 μg/ml for ceftriaxone, respectively. The P. acnes minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was 16 μg/ml for rif...

Comparison of the Effects of Human β-defensin 3, Vancomycin, and Clindamycin on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation.

Orthopedics — Sat, 14 Jan 2012 15:24:05 +0100

Authors: Huang Q, Yu HJ, Liu GD, Huang XK, Zhang LY, Zhou YG, Chen JY, Lin F, Wang Y, Fei J Abstract Despite improvements in surgical techniques and implant design in orthopedic surgery, implantation-associated infections are still a challenging problem for surgeons. In 2006, trace quantities of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) were found in human bone tissue and bone cells. Human β-defensin 3 is a 45-amino-acid peptide that is considered the most promising class of defensin antimicrobial peptides and may help in the prevention and treatment of implantation-associated infections. Studies of the effectiveness of hBD-3 against Staphylococcus aureus showed that hBD-3 was more potent at low concentrations than other antibiotics. The effect of hBD-3 on S aureus biofilms has not been reporte...

Prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from bovine hides and carcasses.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wieczorek K, Dmowska K, Osek J Abstract L. monocytogenes isolated from bovine hides and carcasses (n = 812) were mainly of serogroup 1/2a. All strains were positive for internalin genes. Several isolates (72.2%) were resistant to oxacillin or clindamycin (37.0%). These findings indicate that L. monocytogenes of beef origin can be considered as a public health concern. PMID: 22247138 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

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CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 12, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Susceptibility trends of Bacteroides fragilis group and characterisation of carbapenemase-producing strains by automated REP-PCR and MALDI TOF.

Anaerobe — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Treviño M, Areses P, Dolores Peñalver M, Cortizo S, Pardo F, Luisa Pérez Del Molino M, García-Riestra C, Hernández M, Llovo J, Regueiro BJ Abstract Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria is not considered, often, mandatory in routine clinical practice and the treatments are empirically established. Thus, periodic monitoring of the susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria is advisable. The aim of this study was to update on resistance of Bacteroides fragilis group in our Institution with special attention to carbapenems reporting metallo-beta-lactamase producing strains for the first time in Spain, and to compare fingerprinting analysis results obtained by using automated rep-PCR (DiversiLab System) and MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 830 non-d...

First National Survey of Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis Group: Emerging Resistance to Carbapenems in Argentina.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fernández-Canigia L, Litterio M, Legaria MC, Castello L, Predari SC, Di Martino A, Rossetti A, Rollet R, Carloni G, Bianchini H, Cejas D, Radice M, Gutkind G, Abstract The susceptibility rates of 363 clinical Bacteroides fragilis group isolates collected from 17 centers in Argentina during the period 2006-2009 were as follows: piperacillin-tazobactam 99 %, ampicillin-sulbactam 92 %, cefoxitin 72 %, tigecycline 100 %, moxifloxacin 91 %, clindamycin 52 %, and no metronidazole resistance was detected. Resistance to imipenem, doripenem and ertapenem was observed in 1.1 %, 1.6 % and 2.3 % of B. fragilis group strains, respectively. B. fragilis species showed a resistance profile of 1.5 % to imipenem, 1.9 % to doripenem and 2.4 % to ertapenem, being the first report of carbape...

Evaluation of MBEC™‐HTP biofilm model for studies of implant associated infections

Journal of Orthopaedic Research — Mon, 09 Jan 2012 04:34:35 +0100

In this study we evaluated the Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration‐High Throughput Plates (MBEC™‐HTP) as biofilm in vitro model for studies of implant associated infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms were grown on MBEC™‐HTP. To ensure the biofilm formation, antibiotic susceptibility tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out. Susceptibility tests were carried out using gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampicin, fosfomycin, clindamycin, and linezolid. Colony forming units counting were carried out. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) were estimated. The CFU counting showed potency of rifampicin and daptomycin against S. epidermidis biofilms and rifampicin against S. aureus biofilms. ...

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Lake Erie Medical DBA Quality Care Products LLC]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 5, 2012 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Consider Antibiotics, Laser Surgery for Hidradenitis SuppurativaConsider Antibiotics, Laser Surgery for Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Medscape Dermatology Headlines — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 03:00:35 +0100

Clindamycin with either carbon dioxide or Nd:YAG laser treatments should be considered first-line therapies for mild-to-moderate hidradenitis suppurativa. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Dermatology Headlines)

Clindamycin plus quinine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Malaria Journal — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The evidence on the efficacy of clindamycin plus quinine as an alternative treatment for uncomplicated malaria is inconclusive. Adequately powered trials are urgently required to compare this combination with artemisinin-based combinations. (Source: Malaria Journal)

Consider antibiotics, laser surgery for hidradenitis suppurativa, review suggests

Modern Medicine — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Clindamycin with either carbon dioxide or Nd:YAG laser treatments should be considered first-line therapies for mild-to-moderate hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), according to a new review of treatments for the rare disease. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Cochrane Review: Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis

Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics provide only modest benefit in treating sore throat, although effectiveness increases in participants with positive throat swabs for group A beta‐haemolytic streptococci (GABHS). It is unclear which antibiotic is the best choice if antibiotics are indicated.ObjectivesWe assessed the comparative efficacy of different antibiotics on clinical outcomes, relapse, complications and adverse events in GABHS tonsillopharyngitis.Search methodsWe searched The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2010, Issue 3) which includes the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to July Week 4, 2010) and EMBASE (1974 to August 2010).Selection criteriaRandomised, double‐blind trials comparing different antibio...

Comparative Effectiveness of Antibiotic Treatment Strategies for Pediatric Skin and Soft-tissue Infections: Williams DJ, Cooper WO, Kaltenbach LA, et al. Pediatrics 2011;128:479–87.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This was a retrospective cohort study of 47,501 children aged 0–17 years comparing the effectiveness of treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or a β-lactam vs. clindamycin in drained and undrained skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI). Children with an SSTI and prescription for either clindamycin (reference treatment), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or a β-lactam (penicillin or cephalosporin) filled within 2 days of the SSTI were included in the study and grouped based on drainage status. Exclusion criteria included: SSTI within the last 365 days, treatment with multiple agents, treatment with topical antibiotics, SSTI requiring hospital admission, burns, foreign bodies, or surgical-site infections. Effectiveness of each antibiotic therapy was defined with respect to ...

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BENZACLIN (Clindamycin Phosphate And Benzoyl Peroxide) Gel [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 28, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [American Health Packaging]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 27, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group in Canada in 2010-2011: CANWARD Surveillance Study.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Karlowsky JA, Walkty AJ, Adam HJ, Baxter MR, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG Abstract Clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 387) were collected from patients attending nine Canadian hospitals in 2010-2011 and tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. B. fragilis (59.9%), Bacteroides ovatus (16.3%), and Bacteroides thetaiotamicron (12.7%) accounted for ∼90% of isolates collected. Overall rates of percent susceptibility were: 99.7%, metronidazole; 99.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam; 99.2% imipenem; 97.7%, ertapenem; 92.0%, doripenem; 87.3%, amoxicillin-clavulanate; 80.9%, tigecycline; 65.9%, cefoxitin; 55.6%, moxifloxacin; and 52.2%, clindamycin. Percent susceptibility to cef...

A Comparison of Dequalinium Chloride Vaginal Tablets (Fluomizin®) and Clindamycin Vaginal Cream in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Single-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation)

Microbiology of regressive autism.

Anaerobe — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Finegold SM, Downes J, Summanen PH Abstract This manuscript summarizes some of our earlier work on the microbiology of autism subjects' stool specimens, as compared with stools from control subjects. Our most recent data indicating that Desulfovibrio may play an important role in regressive autism is also presented. In addition, we present information on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Desulfovibrio using the CLSI agar dilution susceptibility technique. In addition, we summarize data from our earlier studies showing the impact of various antimicrobial agents on the indigenous bowel flora. This shows that penicillins and cephalosporins, as well as clindamycin, have a major impact on the normal bowel flora and therefore might well predispose subjects to overgrowth o...

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CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 20, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

A Systematic Review of Treatments for Hidradenitis Suppurativa [Study]

Archives of Dermatology — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Shown to be effective treatments for HS were a clindamycin-rifampin combination regimen, a course of infliximab, monthly Nd:YAG laser sessions, and surgical excision and primary closure with a gentamicin sulfate–collagen sponge. Most therapies used to treat HS were supported by limited or weak scientific evidence. A treatment approach is presented based on the evidence and on clinical experience at the Follicular Disorders Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. This review emphasizes the need for large randomized controlled trials to evaluate treatment options for HS. (Source: Archives of Dermatology)

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Otitis-Prone Children [Original Article]

Archives of Otolaryngology — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The prevalence of MRSA colonization among otitis-prone children was similar to rates reported among the general pediatric community. Methicillin-resistant S aureus colonization at the time of bilateral myringotomy and tube insertion was not predictive of subsequent otorrhea. (Source: Archives of Otolaryngology)

BENZACLIN (Clindamycin Phosphate And Benzoyl Peroxide) Gel [Dermik Laboratories]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Dec 15, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

ICEPmu1, an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of Pasteurella multocida: analysis of the regions that comprise 12 antimicrobial resistance genes

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions The observation that 12 resistance genes, organized in two resistance gene regions, represent part of an ICE in P. multocida underlines the risk of simultaneous acquisition of multiple resistance genes via a single horizontal gene transfer event. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

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Concentration-dependent effects of antimicrobials on Staphylococcus aureus toxin-mediated cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions S. aureus toxins stimulate production of inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs. Antimicrobials with high tissue penetration, including tigecycline, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and linezolid, reduced cytokine production, which, along with their antimicrobial effects, may have importance in the therapeutic outcome of severe infections. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Characterization of Nares and Blood Culture Isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients in United States Hospitals.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tenover FC, Tickler IA, Goering RV, Kreiswirth BN, Mediavilla JR, Persing DH, Abstract A total of 299 nares and 194 blood isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), each recovered from a unique patient, were collected from 23 U.S. hospitals from May 2009 to March 2010. All isolates underwent spa and SCCmec typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; a subset of 84 isolates was typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using SmaI. Seventy-six spa types were observed among the isolates. Overall, for nasal isolates, spa type t002/SCCmec type II (USA100) was the most common strain type (37% of isolates), while among blood isolates, spa type t008/SCCmec type IV (USA300) was the most common (39%). However, the proportion of all USA100 and USA300 isolat...

Pharmacokinetics of Clindamycin in the Plasma and Dialysate After Intraperitoneal Administration of Clindamycin Phosphoester to Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: An Open‐Label, Prospective, Single‐Dose, Two‐Institution Study

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractWe evaluated the pharmacokinetics of clindamycin and the dose of clindamycin phosphate necessary to treat peritonitis after intraperitoneal administration of clindamycin phosphate to patients on CAPD. This was an open‐label, prospective, single‐dose study conducted at the two levels of institutional clinical care in South Korea. Twelve patients (six male, six female; all older than 25 years), mean CAPD duration of 38.2 months with various origins without peritonitis received 600 mg clindamycin phosphate mixed with only the first 2‐L dialysate (1.5% dextrose). The 1.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 1.5% dextrose dialysates were serially exchanged every 6 hr. If patients were non‐anuric, 24‐hr urine samples were also collected. Clindamycin phosphate was incompletely activated to clindamycin...

[Chronic subdural hematoma infected by Campylobacter fetus: Case report.]

Neuro-Chirurgie — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report here a rare case of chronic subdural hematoma infected by Campylobacter fetus in a 86-year-old woman. She was admitted for confusion and disorientation in a context of high fever and diarrhoea. After two surgeries, the evolution was finally good with a combination of antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin). Chronic subdural hematoma is a potential site for bacterial infection. Our case suggests that C. fetus infection should be suspected in elderly patients presenting with fever and enteritis. The frequency of such cases may be underestimated, due to the difficult diagnosis of C. fetus. It is also suspected that C. fetus could play a role in the recurrence of hematoma, because of its vessel tropism. PMID: 22154423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neuro-Chirur...

High rates of perinatal Group B Streptococcus clindamycin and erythromycin resistance in an Upstate NY hospital.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION:Rates of GBS resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin are much higher than reported in earlier US studies, suggesting both increasing resistance as well as regional variation in resistance. These findings lend strong support to the CDC and ACOG recommendations that clindamycin use for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis be restricted to penicillin allergic women at high risk of anaphylaxis and that GBS isolates be tested for antibiotic resistance prior to the use of clindamycin in these women. PMID: 22143529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

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The Timing of Antibiotics at Cesarean: A Randomized Controlled Trial

American Journal of Perinatology — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Amer J PerinatolDOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1295657We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes in women who received prophylactic antibiotics prior to skin incision to those who received antibiotics at cord clamp. We performed a randomized clinical trial at two sites. Eligible women included those undergoing nonemergency cesarean at 36 weeks’ gestation or greater. Subjects were randomized (permuted blocks) into one of two treatments: “preoperative antibiotics” (cefazolin 1 g given <30 minutes prior to skin incision) or “intraoperative antibiotics” (cefazolin 1 g at cord clamping). Patients who reported an allergy to penicillin received clindamycin 900 mg. The trial primary outcome was a composite of maternal infectious morbidities, defined as having any one of the following: (1) postop...

A mechanistic study on the effect of ethanol and importance of water on permeation of drugs through human third‐degree burn eschar

International Wound Journal — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, permeations of clindamycin phosphate (CP, hydrophilic) and diazepam (lipophilic) through human burn eschar were investigated in the presence and absence of ethanol. Permeability coefficients (Kp) of CP and diazepam through hydrated eschar were calculated to be 13·1 × 10−3 and 17·4 × 10−3 cm/h respectively. These Kp values were decreased by about 1·5–5·3 and 2–10·7 times respectively upon the addition of 20–70% ethanol. Increased amount of ethanol decreased permeation flux of CP (2–20 times) and increased that of diazepam (3–80 times) from saturated solutions. Thermal analysis showed that ethanol dehydrates eschar and also changes its internal proteineous structure. Such changes were concluded to be the main reasons behind decreased Kp of both drugs. Comp...

Bacteroides mobilizable and conjugative genetic elements: antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates.

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Quesada-Gómez C Abstract The conjugation is one of the most important mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes, leading to genetic variation within a species and the acquisition of new traits, such as antibiotic resistance. Bacteroides is an obligate anaerobe of the colon and a significant opportunistic pathogen. Antibiotic resistance among Bacteroides spp. is rapidly increasing, largely due to the dissemination of DNA transfer factors (plasmids and transposons) harbored by members of this genus. Transfer factors can be divided into two classes, conjugative and mobilizable. Species of the intestinal Bacteroides have yielded different resistance plasmids, all of which have been intensely studied, the plasmids encode high-level MLS resistance conferred by a con...

The genetic diversity and phenotypic characterisation of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study, we evaluate the genetic and phenotypic diversity in S. agalactiae strains from Rio de Janeiro (RJ) that were isolated from asymptomatic carriers. We analysed these S. agalactiae strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, as well as by determining the macrolide resistance phenotype, and detecting the presence of the ermA/B, mefA/E and lnuB genes. The serotypes Ia, II, III and V were the most prevalent serotypes observed. The 60 strains analysed were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin and levofloxacin. Resistance to clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampin and tetracycline was observed. Among the erythromycin and/or clindamycin resistant strains, the ermA, ermB and mefA/E genes were detected and th...

Itching to know the diagnosis: Category: Lesson in Microbiology & Infection Control

Journal of Infection — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 11:05:45 +0100

A normally healthy 22 year old male presented to our hospital with a two day history of unbearably itchy hands and feet. Although this was his main complaint, he had also noticed the development of a widespread rash over the last 24 hours and had been feverish with rigors overnight. He additionally complained of a mild sore throat, and of a chronic "ingrown hair" at the natal cleft which had become more painful recently. On examination, he had a 3cm wide pilonidal abscess. A macular blanching rash was present on the patient's hands, feet, forearms, and abdomen. Despite complaining of a sore throat, his throat looked normal. Observations taken in A&E showed that he was pyrexial and tachycardic. At this point, his rash was thought to be viral in nature, but in view of his sepsis he was comme...

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A lingual abscess caused by Streptococcus intermedius.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We describe a case in a healthy female with no recent history of trauma. The organism recovered by culture of drainage material collected prior to antibiotic treatment was Streptococcus intermedius, an organism recognized as flora of the oropharynx and associated with abscess formation. The isolate was resistant to clindamycin, which was the antibiotic therapy that the patient received. PMID: 22116986 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology)

Antibiotic‐resistant Propionibacterium acnes among acne patients in a regional skin centre in Hong Kong

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:00:17 +0100

Conclusions Antibiotic‐resistant P. acnes is prevalent in Hong Kong. Dermatologists should be more vigilant in prescribing antibiotics for acne patients. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)

Preliminary safety evaluation of a new Bacteroides xylanisolvens strain.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ulsemer P, Toutounian K, Schmidt J, Karsten U, Goletz S Abstract Besides conferring some health benefit to the host, a bacterial strain to be considered as a probiotic must present an unambiguous safety status. We here present the preliminary safety evaluation of a new Bacteroides xylanisolvens strain (DSM 23964) isolated from human feces. First results suggest that it may be able to provide probiotic health benefits. Its identity was confirmed by biochemical analysis, sequencing of its 16S rRNA genes, and by DNA-DNA hybridization. Virulence determinants known to occur in the genus Bacteroides, such the bft enterotoxin and other enzymatic activities involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the capsular polysaccharide PS A were absent in this strain. The ...

Efficacy and safety of topical nadifloxacin and benzoyl peroxide versus clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide in acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled trial

Indian Journal of Pharmacology — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Topical nadifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone is effective, tolerable, and safe for mild o moderate facial acne. Its clinical effectiveness is comparable to clindamycin when used as add-on therapy to benzoyl peroxide. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)

Bacterial Vaginosis, Atopobium Vaginae and Nifuratel.

Current Clinical Pharmacology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Polatti F Abstract As bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a potential cause of obstetric complications and gynecological disorders, there is substantial interest in establishing the most effective treatment. Standard treatment - metronidazole or clindamycin, by either vaginal or oral route - is followed by relapses in about 30% of cases, within a month from treatment completion. This inability to prevent recurrences reflects our lack of knowledge on the origins of BV. Atopobium vaginae has been recently reported to be associated with BV in around 80% of the cases and might be involved in the therapeutic failures. This review looks at the potential benefits of nifuratel against A. vaginae compared to the standard treatments with metronidazole and clindamycin. In vitro, nifuratel is...

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CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Preferred Pharmaceuticals, Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule, Gelatin Coated [Preferred Pharmaceuticals, Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 9, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Simulated antibiotic exposures in an in vitro hollow fiber infection model influence toxin gene expression and production in community-associated MRSA strain MW2.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion:Linezolid, clindamycin and minocycline were the most effective agents on decreasing the virulence potential in CA-MRSA, notably after 8h of treatment. SXT had minimal effects on toxin gene regulation, but it increased production and cytotoxicity of PVL toxin in the model and may enhance virulence when treating severe infections. PMID: 22064533 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Comparative pharmacokinetics study of two different clindamycin capsule formulations: a randomized, two-period, two-sequence, two-way crossover clinical trial in healthy volunteers.

Arzneimittel-Forschung — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 01:40:04 +0100

Authors: Sanki UK, Mandal BK, Chandrakala V Abstract The comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) study of two brands of clindamycin hydrochloride (CAS 21462-39-5) was carried out on 32 healthy Indian subjects in an open label randomized, two way crossover, two period, two sequence, two treatment trial with a minimum washout period of 7 days. Plasma samples were collected at 10 min interval for the 1st hour, at 1 h interval for the next 6 h, at 2 h interval for next 12 h and finally at the 24th hour (pre-dose as baseline value) after drug administration. The concentrations of clindamycin in plasma were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique with UV detector [lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) 0.05 microg x mL(-1)). All PK parameters were calculated from da...

Increasing antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing children attending day‐care centres in Singapore

Respirology — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: S. pneumoniae antibiotic resistance has risen dramatically over the last 10 years in Singapore. Wider conjugate vaccine uptake and improved antibiotic stewardship should be made priorities. Surveillance of sentinel sites like day‐care centres provides important data with respect to shifts in pneumococcal ecology. (Source: Respirology)

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Severe Myositis Associated with Sarcocystis spp. Infection in 2 Dogs

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSarcocystis spp. infection should be included in the differential diagnosis for dogs that develop fever, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzyme activities, and clinical and biochemical evidence of myositis. Although additional studies are required, decoquinate holds promise as an effective treatment for the disease. (Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine)

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Barraud O, Badell E, Denis F, Guiso N, Ploy MC Abstract To the Editor: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the agent of pharyngeal and cutaneous diphtheria. We did a retrospective analysis of the antimicrobial drug susceptibilities of 46 C. diphtheriae isolates sent during 1993 through 2010 to the French National Reference Centre of Toxigenic Corynebacteria. The isolates came from metropolitan France and French overseas departments and territories. Only 1 isolate, C. diphtheriae biovar mitis, FRC24, expressed the following antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile: susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, kanamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and vancomycin and resistant at an uncommonly high level to trimethoprim, sul...

Rapidly enlarging nodular lesion of the anterior maxilla

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 01:31:59 +0100

A 25-year-old Hispanic male was referred to our hospital oral surgery clinic from a local correctional facility for the evaluation of an oral mass. The patient's chief complaint was a painless, rapidly enlarging swelling of his gingiva of the right anterior maxilla. It was first noticed approximately 8 weeks prior and described by the patient as a small bump between the maxillary right canine and maxillary right lateral incisor teeth. Progressive mobility of his right maxillary anterior teeth and slight drainage were reported. Before referral for lesion evaluation, the patient was treated with oral clindamycin 300 mg, 3 times daily for 10 days by his dentist with no improvement. On presentation to the hospital oral surgery clinic, the patient's medical and dental histories were obtained an...

Efficacy of the addition of salicylic acid to clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide combination for acne vulgaris

The Journal of Dermatology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractClindamycin phosphate (CDP), benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and salicylic acid (SA) are known to be effective acne therapy agents depending on their anti‐inflammatory and comedolytic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of the addition of SA treatment to CDP and BPO (SA and CDP + BPO) and compare it with CDP + BPO in patients with mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris. Forty‐nine patients were enrolled in a 12 week prospective, single‐blind, randomized, comparative clinical study. Efficacy was assessed by lesion counts, global improvement, quality of life index and measurements of skin barrier functions. Local side effects were also evaluated. Both combinations were effective in reducing total lesion (TL), inflammatory lesio...

[Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome or Kawasaki disease? Two case studies of children with group A streptococcal pneumonia empyema.]

Archives de Pediatrie — Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We report 2 cases of children with group A streptococcus pyogenes pleuropneumonia, in one child associated with Kawasaki disease and in the other with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. These 2 features, with theoretically well-defined clinical and biological criteria, are difficult to differentiate in clinical practice, however, likely due to their pathophysiological links. In case of clinical doubt, an echocardiography needs to be performed to search for coronary involvement and treatment including intravenous immunoglobulins, and an antibiotic with an anti-toxin effect such as clindamycin has to be started early. PMID: 22041597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Archives de Pediatrie)

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Higher incidence of perineal community acquired MRSA infections among toddlers

BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles — Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CAMRSA SSTI of the perineum was significantly more common among toddlers and that of the extremities in older children. The infecting strains were all USA300 PFT. Further studies are needed to identify the unique virulence and colonization characteristics of USA300 strains in these infections. (Source: BMC Pediatrics - Latest articles)

The efficacy of silver dressings and antibiotics on MRSA and MSSA isolated from burn patients

Wound Repair and Regeneration — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study showed that the effect of pH and bacterial phenotypic state must be considered when the antimicrobial activity of silver wound dressings is being investigated. It is evident from the data generated that both pH and the bacterial phenotypic state are factors that induce changes that affect both antimicrobial performance and bacterial susceptibility. (Source: Wound Repair and Regeneration)

Clinical characteristics of infections caused by Tsukamurella spp. and antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, strains of Tsukamurella spp., including T. spumae, are uncommon causative agents of ocular infections and bacteraemia in cancer patients. Molecular diagnostic methods are essential to distinguish species in the Tsukamurella genus from species in other phylogenetically related genera such as Rhodococcus. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

Efficacy of combined topical treatment of acne vulgaris with adapalene and nadifloxacin: A randomized study

The Journal of Dermatology — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study showed the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of nadifloxacin cream with adapalene gel for the inflammatory acne. (Source: The Journal of Dermatology)

[Frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples of sexually active individuals].

Orvosi Hetilap — Sun, 16 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Because none of the strains was sensitive to all examined antibiotics, the antibiotic sensitivity of U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains should be determined. The high rate of ofloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance should be considered in the therapy of U. urealyticum infections in Hungary. This is the first such a clinical microbiological study in this topic in Hungary. PMID: 21979223 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Orvosi Hetilap)

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CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule, Gelatin Coated [Corepharma LLC.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 13, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Prescription of antibiotics for adults hospitalized with community‐acquired pneumonia in Korea in 2004: A population‐based descriptive study

Respirology — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In this study, patterns of antimicrobial prescription for patients hospitalized with CAP were assessed for the first time in Korea. There was divergence from the 2009 Korean guidelines for the treatment of CAP, reinforcing the need for assessment of physicians’ adherence to the guidelines. (Source: Respirology)

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains isolated from humans in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions All strains were susceptible to the antibiotics traditionally used to treat tularaemia, such as streptomycin (MIC90 1.5 mg/L), gentamicin (MIC90 0.25 mg/L), tetracycline (MIC90 0.38 mg/L) and chloramphenicol (MIC90 0.25 mg/L). Since fluoroquinolones showed the lowest MIC values, and have important advantages over aminoglycosides, including ease of oral administration and lower toxicities, quinolones have the potential for being effective first-line therapy for tularaemia. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Kounis Syndrome together with Myocardial Bridging Leading to Acute Myocardial Infarction at Young Age

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 22:55:26 +0100

In this report, we present the combination of Kounis syndrome and myocardial bridging leading to myocardial infarction at young age. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

The outpatient institutional antibiogram does not accurately reflect the susceptibility of prepartum group B streptococcal isolates to erythromycin and clindamycin

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study compared the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 100 nonduplicate group B streptococcal (GBS) isolates from screening cultures of women attending OB-GYN clinics to a similar number of outpatient infection isolates recorded on the institutional antibiogram of a university teaching hospital. The screening GBS isolates were significantly more susceptible to erythromycin (72% versus 45%) and clindamycin (77% versus 48%) than the infection isolates. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

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The treatment of glue ear using biodegradable polymers to deliver high dose antibiotics and mucolytics to infection site

International Journal of Surgery — Thu, 06 Oct 2011 22:52:31 +0100

Aims: Recent evidence that otitis media with effusion (OME) is the result of a biofilm infection may explain the high rate of recurrence after conventional treatment with grommets. We aimed to test the in-vitro efficacy of antibiotics (Clindamycin and Rifampicin) and mucolytics (N-acetylcystiene) in eradicating middle ear biofilms using a biodegradable polymer that can be delivered locally. (Source: International Journal of Surgery)

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Lannett Company, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Oct 3, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

FDA approves clindamycin injection

Drug Topics - Top News — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

FDA has approved clindamycin injection, USP (Sagent Pharmaceuticals/Strides Arcolab), an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. (Source: Drug Topics - Top News)

Newer approaches in topical combination therapy for acne.

Skin Therapy Letter — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fu LW, Vender RB Abstract Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease involving the pilosebaceous unit. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and complex, including obstruction of the pilosebaceous unit due to increased sebum production, abnormal keratinization, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and inflammation. Topical agents are the most commonly used therapy for acne. First generation topicals mainly consist of single agent retinoids, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and antibacterials that target comedones, P. acnes, and inflammation. Novel topical therapies include combination products with advanced vehicle formulations that target multiple acne pathophysiologies and offer simplified treatment regimes. For example, the combination of cli...

Glycolic acid chemical peeling improves inflammatory acne eruptions through its inhibitory and bactericidal effects on Propionibacterium acnes

The Journal of Dermatology — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractGlycolic acid chemical peeling is effective for treating comedones, and some clinical data show that it also improves inflammatory eruptions. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism of glycolic acid chemical peeling to improve inflammatory acne. To assess growth inhibitory and bactericidal effects of glycolic acid on Propionibacterium acnes in vitro, we used an agar diffusion method and a time‐kill method. To reveal bactericidal effects in vivo, we established an agar‐attached method which correlated well with the ordinary swab‐wash method, and we used the agar‐attached method to compare the numbers of propionibacteria on the cheek treated with glycolic acid chemical peeling. Our results show that 30% glycolic acid (at pH 1.5, 3.5 and 5.5) formed growth in...

Clindamycin/venlafaxine: Agranulocytosis in an elderly patient: case report

Reactions — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 07:55:36 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

clindamycin - oral, Cleocin

MedicineNet HIV General — Wed, 21 Sep 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Title: clindamycin - oral, CleocinCategory: MedicationsCreated: 3/2/2005Last Editorial Review: 9/21/2011 (Source: MedicineNet HIV General)

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Is the use of antibiotic-impregnated external ventricular drainage beneficial in the management of iatrogenic ventriculitis?

Acta Neurochirurgica — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 17:07:17 +0100

Conclusions This retrospective pilot study indicates that B-EVD might have no major advantage in the management of EVD or VP-shunt-related ventriculitis. Based on published reports and the results of this study, data support only the prophylactic use of B-EVD for prevention of EVD-related infections. Prospective randomized clinical trials are warranted to further evaluate the role of B-EVD in the treatment of ventriculitis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00701-011-1156-5Authors Jehuda Soleman, Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, SwitzerlandSerge Marbacher, Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, 5001 Aarau, SwitzerlandJavier Fandino, Department of Neurosurgery, K...

Antibiotics for ureaplasma in the vagina in pregnancy.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Fri, 16 Sep 2011 09:32:03 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to assess whether pregnant women who have vaginal colonisation with ureaplasma should be treated with antibiotics to prevent preterm birth.Preterm birth is a significant perinatal problem. Upper genital tract infections, including ureaplasmas, are suspected of playing a role in preterm birth and preterm rupture of the membranes. Antibiotics are used to treat women with preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes; this may result in prolongation of pregnancy and lowers the risks of maternal and neonatal infection. However, antibiotics may be beneficial earlier in pregnancy to eradicate potentially causative agents. PMID: 21901685 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

Value of patch tests in clindamycin‐related drug eruptions

Contact Dermatitis — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 18:16:10 +0100

Discussion. We considered the positive patch tests results with clindamycin, in the 9 patients with maculopapular exantema, to be specific, versus the negative results observed in the control group. Although the sensitivity is low (30%), they confirmed the responsibility of this antibiotic in cutaneous adverse drug reactions in which, with only chronological criteria, it was not possible to conclude on the culprit drug. (Source: Contact Dermatitis)

Prevalence of Corynebacterium ulcerans in dogs residing in Osaka, Japan.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Katsukawa C, Komiya T, Yamagishi H, Ishii A, Nishino S, Nagahama S, Iwaki M, Yamamoto A, Takahashi M Abstract Diphtheria-like human illness caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans is an emerging threat in developed countries, with incidence sometimes higher than that of diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Companion animals are considered a potential source of human infections. In order to determine the prevalence of C. ulcerans among dogs, we performed a screening for the bacterium in 583 dogs in the custody of the Osaka Prefectural government. Forty-four dogs (7.5%) were positive for the bacterium, although they did not show any clinical symptoms. All bacterial isolates showed resistance or decreased sensitivity to clindamycin, and some, decreased sensitivity to ...

CLINDAMYCIN (Clindamycin Phosphate) Injection [Bedford Laboratories]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

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Multidrug resistance in European Clostridium difficile clinical isolates

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Characterization of multidrug-resistant C. difficile clinical isolates shows that antibiotic resistance is changing, involving new determinants and mechanisms and providing this pathogen with potential advantages over the co-resident gut flora. The present paper provides, for the first time, a comprehensive picture of the different characteristics of multidrug-resistant C. difficile strains in Europe in 2005 and represents an important source of data for future comparative European studies. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Serotypes and Antibiotic Resistance in Group B Streptococcus Isolated from Patients at the Maternity Hospital, Kuwait.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Boswihi SS, Udo EE, Al-Sweih N Abstract A total of 143 GBS isolates collected from mothers at the Maternity hospital in Kuwait were investigated for their serotypes and antibiotic resistance, and screened for the carriage of genes for tetracycline (tetk, tetM, tetL, tetO), erythromycin ( ermA, ermB, ermC, ermTR, ermM, mefA, mefE, msrA) and aminoglycosides (aph3, ant4, ant6) resistance by PCR. All isolates were serotyped using latex agglutination test. Most of the isolates belonged to serotypes V (38.5%), III (20.9%), Ia (7.7%), and II (11.2%). Sixteen isolates (11.2%) were nontypeable. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and cefotaxime (MIC: 0.016- 0.094 microgram ml-1) but were resistant to trimethoprim (92.3%), tetracycline (89.5%), minocycline (89.5%...

Identification and characterization of plasmid-borne erm(T) macrolide resistance in group B and group A Streptococcus

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: One hundred and seven group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates and 344 group A Streptococcus (GAS) isolates were collected between 2005 and 2009 from 2 area hospitals and studied for resistance to erythromycin (ERY) and clindamycin (CLI) and the presence of the erm(T) macrolide resistance gene. The erm(T) gene was found in 5 (8%) of 61 erythromycin nonsusceptible GBS isolates and in 22 (55%) of 40 erythromycin nonsusceptible GAS isolates. The erm(T) gene in all 27 GBS/GAS erm(T) gene–positive isolates was located on a plasmid. Three erm(T) gene–positive plasmids were DNA sequenced. Two plasmids (1 each from GBS and GAS isolates) were both 4967 bp in size, contained the erm(T) gene, and differed by only 2 base pairs, suggesting interspecies horizontal transfer of the erm(T) gene c...

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Aurobindo Pharma Limited]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 6, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Cochrane Review: Minocycline for acne vulgaris: efficacy and safety

Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractBackgroundMinocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is commonly used in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Although it is more convenient for patients to take than first‐generation tetracyclines, as it only needs to be taken once or twice a day and can be taken with food, it is more expensive. Concerns have also been expressed over its safety following the deaths of two patients taking the drug. There is a lack of consensus among dermatologists over the relative risks and benefits of minocycline. As most acne prescribing is undertaken by general practitioners, it is important that guidelines issued to them are based on the best available evidence rather than personal judgements.ObjectivesTo collate and evaluate the evidence on the clinical efficacy of minocycl...

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Combination Therapy Can't Beat Bacterial Vaginosis

Ob.Gyn. News — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

QUEBEC CITY – Oral metronidazole was not more effective for bacterial vaginosis when combined with clindamycin or a probiotic, based on data from 450 women. “Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of infections in women worldwide,” said Dr. Catriona Bradshaw of the University of Melbourne. Current monotherapy treatments are not highly effective, and up to 50%-60% of women have recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) after treatment. Dr. Bradshaw and her colleagues examined whether a combination of oral and vaginal therapy could be more effective. (Source: Ob.Gyn. News)

Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in children attending day-care centers.

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study we investigated the frequency of MRSA colonization and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in 1-6 years old children of day-care centers in Hamadan, West of Iran.Five hundred nasal swabs were collected from children of 27 day-care centers that had no risk factors for colonization by S. aureus. The specimens were cultured for isolation of S. aureus by standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. For evaluation of the frequency of erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance, disk approximation test (D-test) was applied.Totally, 148 (29.6%) children were colonized by S. aureus. Out of 260 male, 94 (36.2%) and of 240 female, 54 (22.5%) cases were nasal carriers of S. aureu...

Comparative Effectiveness of Antibiotic Treatment Strategies for Pediatric Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections

PEDIATRICS — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:Compared with clindamycin, use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or β-lactams was associated with increased risks of treatment failure and recurrence. Associations were stronger for those with a drainage procedure. (Source: PEDIATRICS)

Characterization of highly antimicrobial-resistant clinical pneumococcal isolates recovered in a Chinese hospital during 2009-2010.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang B, Gertz RE, Liu Z, Li Z, Fu W, Beall B Abstract Ninety-one consecutive pneumococcal isolates (primarily from sputum), recovered in Chongqing Southwest Hospital during a 12 month period in 2009-2010 from individuals of all ages with suspected cases of pneumococcal disease, were subjected to PCR-serotyping, quellung reaction serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Although 20 different serotypes were observed, most isolates (69 = 75.8%) were of serotypes included in the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), including 33 of the 46 (71.7%) isolates recovered from individuals less than 5 years of age. The prevalent serotypes were 19F (34%), 19A (9.9%), 6B (9.9%), 23F (7.7%), 14 (6.6%), and 6A (4.4%). PCR-determ...

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Clonality behind the increase of multidrug-resistance among non-invasive pneumococci in Southern Finland

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 15:49:20 +0100

Abstract Multidrug-resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, especially of serotype 19A, has increased in several countries recently. Even before the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the Finnish National Vaccination Programme, the proportion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pneumococci had doubled from 2007 to 2008, when it reached 3.6% in Southern Finland. Our aim was to look for a possible association between antimicrobial susceptibility and clonality among the MDR isolates. Twelve non-invasive isolates non-susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline from 2008 were available for serotyping, genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and detection of genes encoding macrolide resista...

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [UDL Laboratories, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Aug 25, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Molecular epidemiology of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Italian cystic fibrosis patients: A national overview

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Known MRSA epidemic clones such as USA600, USA800, USA1100, and UK EMRSA-3 were described for the first time in Italy. The diffusion of MRSA strains with high pathogenic potential in the CF population suggests that analysis of the MRSA strains involved in pulmonary infections of these patients is needed. (Source: Journal of Cystic Fibrosis)

Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India

Tropical Animal Health and Production — Fri, 19 Aug 2011 06:23:14 +0100

Abstract The present study was conducted to study the antibiotic resistance pattern among nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat. A total of 37 Salmonella strains isolated from clinical cases (human and animal) and meat during 2008–2009 belonging to 12 serovars were screened for their antimicrobial resistance pattern using 25 antimicrobial agents falling under 12 different antibiotic classes. All the Salmonella isolates tested showed multiple drug resistance varying from 5.40% to 100% with 16 of the 25 antibiotics tested. None of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and metronidazole. Resistance was also observed against clindamycin (94.59%), ampicillin (86.49%), co-trimoxazole (48.65%), colistin (45.94%), nalidixic acid (35.10%), amoxyclave (1...

Extended antimicrobial treatment of bacterial vaginosis combined with human lactobacilli to find the best treatment and minimize the risk of relapses

BMC Infectious Diseases — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The study shows that aggressive treatment of the patient with antibiotics combined with specific Lactobacillus strain administration and partner treatment can provide long lasting cure. A striking result of our study is that change of partner is strongly associated with relapse of BV.Trial registration: NCT01245322 (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

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Wrong antibiotic used for resistant skin infections

Modern Medicine — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

For many pediatricians, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) may be the oral antibiotic of choice when a patient presents with a community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infection, but another drug?clindamycin?may actually work better, according to a new study. Find out why the experts recommend clindamycin, even though there seemed to be good reasons to prescribe TMP-SMX. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Increasing antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing children attending day care centres in Singapore

Respirology — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: S. pneumoniae antibiotic resistance has risen dramatically over the last 10 years in Singapore. Wider conjugate vaccine uptake and improved antibiotic stewardship should be made priorities. Surveillance of sentinel sites like day care centres provides important data with respect to shifts in pneumococcal ecology. (Source: Respirology)

Clindamycin Works Better for Skin Infections in Kids (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Pediatrics — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 15:43:04 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- For children with skin and soft tissue infections, clindamycin is the antibiotic of choice for empiric treatment, researchers found. (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)

Antibiotics, Acne, and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization [Study]

Archives of Dermatology — Sun, 14 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion Unlike current dogma about the long-term use of antimicrobial agents, the prolonged use of tetracycline antibiotics commonly used to treat acne lowered the prevalence of colonization by S aureus and did not increase resistance to the tetracycline antibiotics. (Source: Archives of Dermatology)

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Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole mightn't help soft tissue infection in kids

Modern Medicine — Sun, 14 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - In regions with prevalent community-acquired MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), pediatric skin and soft-tissue infections will likely respond better to clindamycin than to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or beta-lactams, a new study suggests. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Seventy-nine-year-old man with Langerhans cell histiocytosis treated with cladribine

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 16:59:51 +0100

To the Editor: A 79-year-old white man presented with a 6-year history of a pruritic rash that had progressed to skin breakdown in the body fold areas. Prior therapy included itraconazole, ketoconazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, minocycline, doxycycline, penicillin VK, mupirocin, nystatin cream, and clobetasol lotion without resolution. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

PCR ribotype prevalence and molecular basis of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) and fluoroquinolone resistance in Irish clinical Clostridium difficile isolates

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Resistance to MLSB and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial compounds is common among prevalent ribotypes of C. difficile. The genetic basis for antimicrobial resistance appears to be ribotype specific and conserved in the absence of recent antimicrobial selection pressure. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Single and dual mutations at positions 2058, 2503 and 2504 of 23S rRNA and their relationship to resistance to antibiotics that target the large ribosomal subunit

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions 23S rRNA mutations A2058G, A2503U and U2504G play key roles in resistance to clinically useful antibiotics that target the large ribosomal subunit. Furthermore, the double mutations A2058G–A2503U and A2058G–U2504G have combined effects on resistance to 16-membered macrolides. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

Impact of guidelines and enhanced antibiotic stewardship on reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic usage and its effect on incidence of Clostridium difficile infection

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy — Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Revised antibiotic guidelines and enhanced stewardship was associated with a significant stepwise reduction in the use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and a significant decrease in the incidence of CDI. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)

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Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using 5% benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin versus 2.5% benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin topical treatments in acne

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: Combination benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and clindamycin (CL) products play an important role in topical antimicrobial acne treatment. These agents are combined to improve efficacy over either single agent alone and to decrease antimicrobial resistance. On the market, combination products include 5% BPO and 1% CL and 2.5% BPO and 1.2% CL. Our recent meta-analysis of topical BPO and CL products analyzed efficacy of all combination BPO/CL products together, which prompted us to conduct this additional analysis to further compare efficacy between 5% BPO/CL and 2.5% BPO/CL combination products. (Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology)

Clindamycin vs. first‐generation cephalosporins for acute osteoarticular infections of childhood—a prospective quasi‐randomized controlled trial

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractNo sufficiently powered trial has examined two antimicrobials in acute osteoarticular infections of childhood. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, quasi‐randomized trial in Finland, comparing clindamycin with first‐generation cephalosporins. The age of patients ranged between 3 months and 15 years, and all cases were culture‐positive. We assigned antibiotic treatment intravenously for the first 2–4 days, and continued oral treatment with clindamycin 40 mg/kg/24 h or first‐generation cephalosporin 150 mg/kg/24 h in four doses. Surgery was kept to a minimum. Subsiding symptoms and signs and normalization of C‐reactive protein (CRP) level were preconditions for the discontinuation of antimicrobials. The main outcome was full recovery wi...

What Would We Do Without Metronidazole?

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Stover KR, Riche DM, Gandy CL, Henderson H Metronidazole is a treatment of choice for several types of infections, but coexisting conditions or concomitant medications may preclude its use. Although tinidazole, a newer nitroimidazole, may be an option in cases where drug interactions make the use of metronidazole inadvisable, similar absolute contraindications exist. In situations where nitroimidazole use is contraindicated or inadvisable, clinicians may have difficulty deciding on efficacious treatment options. For the treatment of trichomoniasis, alternatives include furazolidone, clotrimazole, nonoxynol-9 or paromomycin. Alternativesfor bacterial vaginosis include clindamycin topically or systemically. For giardiasis, alternative options include paromomycin, nitazoxanide or...

Is Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Epidemiology and Sensitivity Changing?

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS:: Resistance to clindamycin has increased over time, but TMP/SMX has preserved its sensitivity against MRSA. TMP/SMX should be revisited as a viable antibiotic option against CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA, specifically against CA-MRSA. PMID: 21817882 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences)

For preventing perinatal group B Strep, vancomycin a last resort

Modern Medicine — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Penicillin remains the agent of choice for preventing perinatal transmission of group B streptococcus (GBS). When the mother is at high risk for penicillin anaphylaxis, the next choice is clindamycin, as long as the GBS isolate is susceptible. If not, use vancomycin (Source: Modern Medicine)

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Clindamycin vs first‐generation cephalosporins for acute osteoarticular infections of childhood – prospective quasi‐randomized controlled trial

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractNo sufficiently‐powered trial has examined two antimicrobials in acute osteoarticular infections of childhood. We conducted a prospective multicenter, quasi‐randomized trial in Finland comparing clindamycin with first‐generation cephalosporins. The age ranged between 3 months and 15 years, and all cases were culture‐positive. We assigned antibiotic treatment intravenously for first 2‐4 days and continued oral treatment with clindamycin 40 mg/kg/24h q.i.d. or first‐generation cephalosporin 150 mg/kg/ 24h q.i.d. Surgery was kept at minimum. Subsiding symptoms and signs and normalization of C‐reactive protein level (CRP) was a precondition for the discontinuation of antimicrobials. The main outcome was full recovery without further antimicrobials because of an osteoartic...

Significant decline in the erythromycin resistance of group A streptococcus isolates at a German paediatric tertiary care centre

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 15:51:35 +0100

Abstract Group A streptococcus (GAS) is considered to be a major pathogen of bacterial tonsillopharyngitis in children. Although GAS is generally susceptible to penicillin, macrolides are often used as the second-line treatment. Over the last several decades, the rising macrolide resistance of GAS has been detected in several countries. With the current study, we aimed to determine the development of macrolide resistance at our paediatric centre. From March 2006 to May 2009, 350 GAS isolates were tested for susceptibility to erythromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, penicillin and cefotaxime. Macrolide-resistant isolates were screened for the presence of genes related to macrolide resistance (mefA, ermB, ermTR, prtF1). In comparison to a prior study at our hospital, the eryt...

CLINDAMYCIN (Clindamycin Phosphate) Injection, Solution, Concentrate [Hospira, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 26, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Bryant Ranch Prepack]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 26, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Individualized antibiotic prophylaxis reduces surgical site infections by gram-negative bacteria in instrumented spinal surgery

European Spine Journal — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 15:45:36 +0100

Conclusion Higher preoperative GNB colonization rates were found in patients with neurogenic bladder or indwelling catheters. Preoperative bacteriological screening, treatment for bacteriuria, and individualized antibiotic prophylaxis were effective for reducing GNB SSI. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00586-011-1906-3Authors Susana Núñez-Pereira, German Scoliosis Center Bad Wildungen, Im Kreuzfeld 4, 34537 Bad Wildungen, GermanyF. Pellisé, Spine Unit, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, SpainD. Rodríguez-Pardo, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, SpainC. Pigrau, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Passeig Vall ...

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In vitro activity of ceftobiprole and seven other antimicrobial agents against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Spain

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 05:33:33 +0100

Abstract The in vitro activity of ceftobiprole was compared with that of seven antimicrobial agents against invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from adult patients (>15 years old). Characterization of erythromycin-resistant strains and serotype distribution of all pneumococci were also evaluated. Seventy invasive S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from December 2007 to January 2009. Serotyping was carried out by Quellung reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by broth microdilution (CLSI guidelines). The comparator agents were penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, clindamycin, telithromycin, tetracycline and moxifloxacin. Phenotypic characterization of macrolide resistance was performed by the double disk method. Macrolide resistance genes [erm(B) and...

Cervical necrotising fasciitis with descending necrotising mediastinitis

Postgraduate Medical Journal — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Case report A previously healthy 77-year-old man presented with difficulty in swallowing saliva following a 4-day history of sore throat. He was dysphonic with an indurated cellulitic fullness in the left lateral aspect of his neck. Nasendoscopy demonstrated ipsilateral pharyngeal wall swelling and contralateral laryngeal deviation. Contrast-enhanced CT examination demonstrated gas and fluid in the pretracheal and left perivascular deep neck spaces (figure 1A), in keeping with infection caused by gas-forming organisms. The gas and fluid tracked into the superior and anterior mediastinum with an associated mediastinal collection (figure 1B). Transcervical drainage confirmed malodorous dishwater-type fluid and grey necrotic tissue consistent with necrotising fasciitis that extended into the ...

The Emergence of Clostridium difficile Infection among Peripartum Women: A Case-Control Study of a C. difficile Outbreak on an Obstetrical Service

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 14:06:38 +0100

Conclusions. The outbreak was reduced after the implementation of multiple infection control measures and modification of antibiotic use. However, sporadic CDI continued for 8 months after these measures slowed the outbreak. Peripartum women appear to be another population susceptible to CDI. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Analysis of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Endodontic Infections in Brazil during a Period of Nine Years

Journal of Endodontics — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 16:01:29 +0100

Conclusions: The antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes isolated from primary endodontic infections showed an increase throughout a period of time regarding a specific Brazilian population. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

In Vitro Elution and Antibacterial Activity of Clindamycin, Amikacin, and Vancomycin from R‐gel Polymer

Veterinary Surgery — Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Amikacin and clindamycin together, or in combination with vancomycin, elute from R‐gel™ effectively and at gradually decreasing concentrations for at least 10 days. The antibiotics maintained their bioactivity following polymerization and elution from the R‐gel™. (Source: Veterinary Surgery)

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In vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic activity of NXL103 versus clindamycin and linezolid against clinical Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes isolates

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of NXL103 in comparison with oral comparators (clindamycin and linezolid). Six clinical isolates [four meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and two Streptococcus pyogenes] were exposed for 48h in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model at a starting inoculum of ca. 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Antimicrobial simulations included NXL103 500mg every 12h, linezolid 600mg every 12h and clindamycin 450mg every 6h. Bactericidal and static effects were defined as ≥3log10 and (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)

An outbreak of a Multiresistant Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MR-MSSA) strain in a Burn Centre: The importance of routine molecular typing

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 15:48:30 +0100

Abstract: Here we report an outbreak among 17 patients caused by a single strain of a Multiresistant Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MR-MSSA) in a burn centre. The MR-MSSA strains were resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and co-trimoxazole. Further analysis showed an increased prevalence of MR-MSSA carriership in S. aureus colonized patients admitted to the burn centre, from 0% in 2005 (0/118), 3.3% in 2006 (4/121), 6.1% in 2007 (6/99), to 7.8% in 2008 (7/90). Molecular typing with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism showed that all MR-MSSA isolates derived from burn centre patients had a unique genotype, and was different compared to isolates derived from other hospital patients. All healthcare workers (HCWs) who worked in the burn centre du...

Bacillus cereus from blood cultures: virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors for blood stream infection

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:15:00 +0100

AbstractWe characterized the profiles of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus isolates from blood cultures, as well as the risk factors for blood stream infections (BSIs). The diversity of virulence gene patterns was found to be wide among 15 B. cereus isolates from BSIs and also among 11 isolates from contaminated blood cultures. The MicroScan broth microdilution method yielded results corresponding with those of the agar dilution (reference) method for levofloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin, while the Etest results were consistent with the reference results for clindamycin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin and linezolid. Compared with the reference values, however, some isolates showed marked differences of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for...

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Community-associated Clostridium difficile Infection: a nested case-control study

BMC Infectious Diseases — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Our study documented that the epidemiology of CDI is changing, with CA-CDI occurring in populations not traditionally considered "high-risk" for the disease. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis and obtain appropriate diagnostic testing for outpatients with persistent or severe diarrhea who have even remote antimicrobial exposure. (Source: BMC Infectious Diseases)

Endodontic Pathogens Causing Deep Neck Space Infections: Clinical Impact of Different Sampling Techniques and Antibiotic Susceptibility

Journal of Endodontics — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results of our study indicated that a greater number of anaerobes were found when sampling using the aspiration technique. Penicillin G and aminopenicillins alone are not always sufficient for the treatment of severe deep neck space abscesses; beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations are more effective. Bacteria showed significant resistant rates to clindamycin. Thus, its single use in penicillin-allergic patients has to be carefully considered. (Source: Journal of Endodontics)

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EVOCLIN (Clindamycin Phosphate) Aerosol, Foam [Stiefel Laboratories Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 14, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [REMEDYREPACK INC. ]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 11 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 11, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of NB-003 against Propionibacterium acnes.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pannu J, McCarthy A, Martin A, Hamouda T, Ciotti S, Ma L, Sutcliffe J, Baker JR NB-003 and NB-003 gel formulations are oil-in-water nanoemulsions designed for use in bacterial infections. In vitro susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes to NB-003 formulations and comparator drugs was evaluated. Both NB-003 formulations were bactericidal against all P. acnes isolates, including those that were erythromycin-, clindamycin- and/or tetracycline-resistant. In the absence of sebum the MIC(90)/MBC(90) values for NB-003, NB-003 gel, salicylic acid (SA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were 0.5/2.0, 1.0/2.0, 1000/2000 and 50/200 μg/ml respectively. In the presence of 50% sebum, the MIC(90)/MBC(90) of NB003 and BPOs increased to 128/1024 and 400/1600 μg/ml respectively. The MIC(90)/MBC(90...

Pulmonary Infections and Community Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Dangerous Mix?

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews — Thu, 07 Jul 2011 17:38:29 +0100

Summary: The incidence of complicated pneumonias in children is increasing with a concurrent increase in the incidence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections. CA-MRSA is distinct from hospital associated MRSA [HA-MRSA] in regards to its genotype, epidemiology, and clinical course. Unlike HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA often strikes young, previously healthy children. Pneumonias caused by CA-MRSA have a rather distinct presentation. Because of its pore-forming toxins, namely Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and alpha-hemolysin, extensive necrotizing disease with corresponding hypoxaemia and hypercarbia is common. Other features include multilobar disease, leucopenia, haemoptysis, and high mortality rates. A previous influenza-like illness or skin and sof...

A double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of multiple daily doses of amikacin versus one daily dose for children with perforated appendicitis in Costa Rica

International Journal of Infectious Diseases — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: In this patient population of Costa Rican children with perforated appendicitis, we found that amikacin ODD is as safe and effective as the MDD regimen. This could have implications for national health systems such as that in Costa Rica, as ODD is presumably a more economic option and may reduce the cost of antibiotic treatment in patients with perforated appendicitis. This would need to be confirmed through an economic analysis, which is outside the purview of this paper. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)

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Randomised Double-Blind Trial of Combination Antibiotic Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 14:50:08 +0100

Conclusion. This antibiotic regime is unlikely to be a valuable therapy for active rheumatoid arthritis. (Source: Advances in Pharmacological Sciences)

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [REMEDYREPACK INC. ]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 05 Jul 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jul 5, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLEOCIN PHOSPHATE (Clindamycin Phosphate) Injection, Solution [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 30, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLINDAMYCIN (Clindamycin Phosphate) Injection, Solution, Concentrate [Cardinal Health]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Thu, 30 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 30, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Folliculitis et perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens controlled with a combination therapy: Systemic antibiosis (Metronidazole Plus Clindamycin), dermatosurgical approach, and high-dose isotretinoin

Indian Journal of Dermatology — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Georgi TchernevIndian Journal of Dermatology 2011 56(3):318-320Folliculitis et perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is a suppurative process that involves the scalp, eventually resulting in extensive scarring and irreversible alopecia. The condition is also known as 'acne necrotica miliaris' or 'Proprionibacterium' folliculitis. Most often the disease affects men of African-American or African-Caribbean descent between 20 and 40 years of age. The clinical picture is determined by fluctuating painful fistule-forming conglomerates of abscesses in the region of the occipital scalp. The cause of scalp folliculitis is not well understood. It is generally considered to be an inflammatory reaction to components of t...

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CLEOCIN HYDROCHLORIDE (Clindamycin Hydrochloride) Capsule [Pharmacia And Upjohn Company]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 29 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 29, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [RedPharm Drug Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 24 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 24, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Clinical and microbiological features of bacteraemia with Aerococcus urinae

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractAerococcus urinae is a Gram‐positive bacterium that can cause invasive infection, including infectious endocarditis (IE), mainly in older men. A. urinae is often misclassified in routine diagnostic laboratories. Through searches in the laboratory databases we identify 16 isolates of A. urinae causing bacteraemia during a 6‐year period in southern Sweden, indicating that bacteraemia with A. urinae occurs in at least three cases per million inhabitants per year. The identity of isolates was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and antibiotic susceptibility testing identified two ciprofloxacin‐resistant isolates. A. urinae was the only significant pathogen isolated in all cases. Fifteen of the 16 patients were male, 15/16 were more than 70 yea...

Clinical and microbiological features of bacteremia with Aerococcus urinae

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractAerococcus urinae is a Gram‐positive bacterium that can cause invasive infection, including infectious endocarditis (IE), mainly in older men. A. urinae is often misclassified in routine diagnostic laboratories. Through searches in the laboratory databases we identify sixteen isolates of A. urinae causing bacteremia during a six‐year‐period in Southern Sweden, indicating that bacteremia with A. urinae occurs in at least 3 cases per million inhabitants per year. The identity of isolates was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and antibiotic susceptibility testing identified two ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. A. urinae was the only significant pathogen isolated in all cases. Fifteen of the 16 patients were male, 15/16 were more than 70 years old, and 12/16 had unde...

A study on erm(B)-mediated MLS resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Sun, 19 Jun 2011 08:38:53 +0100

Abstract: The constitutive or inducible macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) phenotype of 30 erm(B)-positive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates was determined by different methods and under various growth conditions and correlated to the sequence of the 5′-untranslated regions of erm(B). The MLS phenotype of one-third of the isolates could not be classified. In liquid medium, some of these isolates responded to induction only during the logarithmic phase of growth, while others expressed clindamycin resistance even under noninducing conditions. By increasing the growth rate, we observed a shift from a constitutive towards an inducible pattern of resistance. All data were confirmed by analysis of the 23S rRNA methylation level. The erm(B)-5′-untranslated region was 99% similar in ...

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Transfusion-transmitted Babesiosis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report and Review

The American Journal of Medicine — Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Babesiosis is a tick- and transfusion-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic Babesia parasites. In 2009, a 61-year-old Minnesota woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a history of recent chemotherapy and numerous blood transfusions for gastrointestinal bleeding became febrile and anemic 12 days postsplenectomy. Babesia were visualized on blood smears, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction as B. microti. She developed respiratory failure despite initiation of clindamycin and quinine, and required 12 weeks of azithromycin and atovaquone before blood smear and polymerase chain reaction findings were negative. Serologic evidence of B. microti infection was identified in 1 associated blood donor and 1 other recipient of that donor's blood. Babesia infection can be asymptomat...

Acute laryngotracheitis after accidental aspiration of clindamycin

QJM — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: QJM)

Sufficient Release of Antibiotic by a Spacer 6 Weeks after Implantation in Two-stage Revision of Infected Hip Prostheses.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that, using the spacer technique described in this study, 6 weeks after spacer implantation, the concentrations of antibiotic are sufficient to treat a periprosthetic infection. PMID: 21678099 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research)

CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEcapsule [Bryant Ranch Prepack]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 15 Jun 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jun 15, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))