MedWorm: Clomid

Vitamin E effect on controlled ovarian stimulation of unexplained infertile women

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:13:00 +0100

Conclusion Vit E administration may improve the endometrial response in unexplained infertile women via the likely antioxidant and the anticoagulant effects. It may also modulate the antiestrogenic effect of clomiphene citrate and the problem of a thin endometrium in these cycles may be adjusted. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIESPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s10815-012-9714-1Authors Nedim Cicek, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Education and Research Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Devlet Mah. Subay Loj.Hızırreis Apt.No:19/11 Yenisehir, Ankara, TurkeyOzlem Gun Eryilmaz, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Education and Research Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Devlet Mah. Subay Loj.Hızırreis Apt.No:19/11 Yenisehir, Ankara, TurkeyEsma Sarikaya, Z...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Sensitive determination of prohibited drugs in dried blood spots (DBS) for doping controls by means of a benchtop quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometer.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Thomas A, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Crone C, Kellmann M, Moehring T, Thevis M Abstract In the present study, a new type of mass spectrometer combining a quadrupole mass filter, a higher collision dissociation (HCD) cell and an Orbitrap detector, was evaluated for the analysis of dried blood spots (DBS) in doping controls. DBS analysis is characterized by the necessity to detect prohibited compounds in sub-nanogram-per-milliliter levels with high identification capacity. After extraction of DBS with an organic solvent and liquid chromatographic separation (using a regular C18-RP-analytical UHPLC-column) of target analytes, mass spectrometry is performed with a high-resolution full scan in positive and negative mode by means of electrospray ionisation. Single-product ion mass sp...

Primary Ovarian Pregnancy Following Ovulation Induction with Clomiphene Citrate

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 14:17:42 +0100

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery Dec 2011, Vol. 27, No. 4: 289-291. (Source: Journal of Gynecologic Surgery)

Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy After Clomiphene Citrate and Intrauterine Insemination

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery — Fri, 23 Dec 2011 14:17:35 +0100

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery Dec 2011, Vol. 27, No. 4: 267-269. (Source: Journal of Gynecologic Surgery)

Clomiphene safely treats hypogonadism, preserves fertility

Modern Medicine — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Clomiphene citrate is a safe and effective treatment for hypogonadism in young men, a new 19-month study shows. (Source: Modern Medicine)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Effect of infertility treatment and pregnancy-related hormones on breast cell proliferation in vitro

Human Reproduction — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Although these data are preclinical, they support possible indirect estrogenic effects of infertility regimens on ER-positive breast cancer cells and validate the potential protective effect of pregnancy-related exposure to hCG. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Immediate IVF Is Most Effective for Older Women

Ob.Gyn. News — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Major Finding: The per-cycle pregnancy rate was 25% with IVF, compared with 7% for women treated with clomiphene/intrauterine insemination and 8% for those treated with FSH/IUI. After two cycles, the live birth rate was 15% for IVF, compared with 5% for the superovulation treatments combined. (Source: Ob.Gyn. News)

In PCOS, 10 Days of Clomiphene Better Than 5

Clinical Endocrinology News — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Major Finding: Women with PCOS unresponsive to 50 mg clomiphene for 5 days treated with a longer duration regimen experienced a significantly greater ovulation rate, 37%, compared to 10% in women given the same total dose in half the time. (Source: Clinical Endocrinology News)

Trans-abdominal ultrasound guided transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy is associated with reduced complication rate

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and value of abdominal ultrasound guided access for transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL).Study design: One hundred and ninety-three infertile women were retrospectively included. A total of 31 subjects were included in the study group, and 162 cases performed prior to the introduction of transabdominal ultrasound guidance constituted a comparison group. The indications for THL were: inconclusive hysterosalpingogram findings and ovarian drilling for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovarian disease. The total of complications arising from trocar needle insertions are compared between the study (ultrasound guidance) and comparison (without ultrasound guidance) groups.Results: In the study group, two cases were transferred to standard laparoscopy ...

Affordable ART: a different perspective

Human Reproduction — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Using this protocol, together with several costcutting measures, we achieved an acceptable live birth rate per transfer of 19% at a reasonable cost. This approach could be used by established ART centres to provide treatment to couples who cannot afford conventional ART. (Source: Human Reproduction)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Examining the relationship between ovarian reserve, as measured by basal FSH levels, and the risk of poor obstetric outcome in singleton IVF gestations

Human Reproduction — Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS The inverse relationship between maximal basal FSH levels and the risk for PTB and LBW in singleton IVF gestations suggests that diminished ovarian reserve is not the primary mediator of the increased prevalence of PTB and LBW in IVF pregnancies. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Ficus platyphylla promotes fertility in female Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain: a preliminary study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Background: Ficus platyphylla Delile (family- Moracea) commonly called gutta percha tree is a deciduous plant found in savannah areas. It grows widely in the Northern part of Nigeria, up to 60ft. high and is known as 'gamji' by the Hausas. The seeds, bark and leaves have been used traditionally in combination to promote fertility. Scientifically, the plant has been shown to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS effects. The present study was to validate the use of this plant to promote fertility in female Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain using various fertility parameters. Methods: Female Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain weighing between 150-180g were randomly selected and divided into two major groups. Each group was subdivided into 5 treatment groups of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg BW of aqueou...

Outcomes of clomiphene citrate treatment in young hypogonadal men

BJU International — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION• Long‐term follow‐up of CC treatment for HG shows that it appears to be an effective and safe alternative to testosterone supplementation in men wishing to preserve their fertility. (Source: BJU International)

Does the addition of clomiphene citrate or letrazole to gonadotropin treatment enhance the oocyte yield in poor responders undergoing IVF?

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 15:49:15 +0100

Conclusion Both Clomiphene and Letrazole performed similarly and showed significant effects. However, despite increasing oocyte yield and embryo transfer rates, the overall clinical and live birth rate in this population remained low and showed no measurable increase. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIESPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10815-011-9643-4Authors Vuk P. Jovanovic, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W168th Street, PH-16, New York, NY 10032, USADaniel H. Kort, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W168th Street, PH-16, New York, NY 10...

Comparison of efficacy of letrozole and clomiphene citrate in ovulation induction in Indian women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Sat, 08 Oct 2011 05:50:39 +0100

Conclusion Letrozole has beneficial effect on endometrium, thereby potentially increasing pregnancy rates after successful ovulation induction in women with PCOS. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Reproductive MedicinePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-2091-7Authors Payal Banerjee Ray, K.P.C. Medical College, Kolkata, IndiaAmitabh Ray, NRS Medical College, Kolkata, IndiaP. S. Chakraborti, Eden Hospital, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, India Journal Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnline ISSN 1432-0711Print ISSN 0932-0067 (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Clomiphene treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

Leukemia Research — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Recurrent or refractory AML is frequent and still associated with a poor prognosis with less than 10% long-term survival without allogeneic transplantation . Depending on prognostic subgroups 10–50% of patients with newly diagnosed AML may not achieve a complete remission having a primary refractory disease. Salvage therapies produce CR rates from 10 to 60% depending on therapeutic regimen and duration of first CR . AML of the elderly independently from other prognostic factors is associated with a devastating survival of partially less than 4 months . That is only in part caused by age related comorbidity and enhanced chemotoxicity . (Source: Leukemia Research)

Clomiphene as a novel modality for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: A pilot phase II study

Leukemia Research — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study was designed to evaluate the antileukemic effect of clomiphene in patients with AML. Eleven patients with recurrent or chemoresistant AML aged 54–79 years received oral clomiphene (25–50mg per day), for seven consecutive days per cycle, up to three cycles while concurrent non intravenous chemotherapy was continued. Ten patients showed a partial response or remained stable during therapy; 7 had a rapid increase in disease parameters shortly after cessation of therapy while four patients survived 6–18 months. We believe that clomiphene contributes to stabilizing disease during therapy and appears to prolong survival in a subset of relapsed or refractory patients and may perhaps be considered as a new therapeutic option. (Source: Leukemia Research)

C49 can antioxidants added to clomiphene citrate improve the results in idiopatic oligozoospermia?

European Urology Supplements — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Source: European Urology Supplements)

CLOMIPHENE CITRATE (Clomiphene Citrate) Tablet [Par Pharmaceutical Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 28, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Adnexal torsion in a woman undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation with clomiphene citrate therapy: a case report and review of the literature

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 05:48:01 +0100

This report describes a case of unilateral adnexal torsion after ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate; we performed unwinding of the adnexum, which appeared ischemic via laparoscopy. Unfortunately, the affected adnexum became hemorrhagic after this approach, which invariably led to its resection. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-2033-4Authors Chii-Shinn Shiau, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROCYu-Hsin Huang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROCMing-Yang Chang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chan...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Ovulation inducing agents and cancer risk: review of literature.

Current Drug Safety — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Impicciatore GG, Tiboni GM Abstract Over the past decades, the use of ovulation inducing drugs has been increasing. A possible causal link between fertility treatments (especially clomiphene citrate and gonadotrophins) and various types of malignancies, including cancers of female reproductive system, thyroid cancer and melanoma, has been postulated. The majority of the available studies on this subject suffers from methodological limitations, including the small number of outcomes, short and incomplete follow-up, and inability to control for potential confounders. Concerning ovarian cancer, while early studies led to the suggestion of an association between ovulation inducing agents and increased risk of malignancies, the majority of data do not support a causal link. An ...

Clomiphene citrate versus letrozole: molecular analysis of the endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Letrozole positively influences a number of markers of endometrial receptivity compared with CC. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Raloxifene induces ovulation in PCOS

Modern Medicine — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Raloxifene appears equivalent to clomiphene citrate for inducing ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovulatory dysfunction, although at this point the researchers who reported that finding aren't recommending one over the other. (Source: Modern Medicine)

Metformin and/or Clomiphene Do Not Adversely Affect Liver or Renal Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Women with PCOS can safely use metformin and clomiphene even in the setting of mildly abnormal liver function parameters, and both result in improved renal function. PMID: 21832111 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Estimating rates of multiple gestation pregnancies: Sample size calculation from the assessment of multiple intrauterine gestations from ovarian stimulation (AMIGOS) trial

Contemporary Clinical Trials — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Infertility afflicts 15% of couples who wish to conceive. Despite intensive evaluation of both male and female partners, the etiology may remain unknown leading to a diagnosis of unexplained infertility. For such couples, treatment often entails ovulation induction (OI) with fertility medications coupled with intrauterine insemination. Complications of this therapy include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and creation of multiple gestation pregnancies, which can be complicated by preterm labor and delivery, and the associated neonatal morbidity and expense of care for preterm infants. The Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation (AMIGOS) study is designed to assess whether OI in couples with unexplained infertility with an aromatase inhibitor produ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are differentially modulated by both serum gonadotropins and not only by serum Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels

Medical Hypotheses — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: It is generally accepted that serum AMH levels are thought to reflect the size of the ovarian follicle pool. Therefore, an inverse correlation between serum AMH and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels has been noted in older women with abnormal or exhausted follicular development, such as menopause, leading to the use of serum AMH as a marker of ovarian reserve. In clinical practice the use of serum AMH for the assessment of ovarian reserve has been expanding to women irrespective of age, such as women in early menopause or women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF).To our knowledge, this opinion article aims to show that serum AMH levels are differentially modulated by both serum gonadotropins, depending on the degree of ovarian reserve. For inst...

Clomiphene citrate versus tamoxifen for ovulation induction in women with PCOS: a prospective randomized trial

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To reevaluate the efficacy of induction of ovulation with CC versus TMX in a group of anovulatory subfertile women with PCOS in a randomized controlled trial.Study design: A prospective randomized controlled study in which 371 PCOS patients were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: group A (187 patients) where women received CC and group B (184 patients) where they received Tamoxifen for one treatment cycle. The outcome measures were number of growing and mature follicles, serum E2 (pg/ml), serum progesterone (ng/ml) and endometrial thickness, the occurrence of pregnancy and miscarriage.Results: The number of stimulated follicles reaching ≥16mm diameter was significantly more in the CC group compared to Tamoxifen stimulated group (2.1 SD±0.1 vs. 1.1 SD±0.7...

Assisted reproduction not associated with significant cognitive impairment in resulting children

NeLM - News — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Source: BMJ Area: News Children born after assisted reproduction do not seem to be at increased risk of cognitive dysfunction at ages 3 and 5 compared to their peers, according to data from a large prospective cohort study. It is not known whether the degree of planning for pregnancy affects long term cognitive development of the resulting child. This paper examines whether there is any effect using the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative cohort study of children born during 2002-3 and alive at nine months. For the analysis, women were asked whether the pregnancy was planned, including whether any form of assisted reproduction was used, and whether they were happy to be pregnant: on the basis of their answers, the pregnancies were classed as "unplanned" (unplan...

Prospective, randomized comparison between raloxifene and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): No statistically significant difference in ovulation was observed between raloxifene and clomiphene citrate in patients with PCOS with ovulatory dysfunction. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Recombinant FSH versus clomiphene citrate for ovarian stimulation in couples with unexplained infertility and male subfertility undergoing intrauterine insemination: a randomized trial

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:23:10 +0100

Conclusions Recombinant FSH is superior to CC for enabling multifollicular development in OS/IUI cycles of unexplained and male subfertile couples. Although this finding did not lead to a statistically significant superiority of rFSH in terms of clinical outcomes, the presence of relative increase by 62.5% in OPR with rFSH may be regarded as a clinically significant trend. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-1997-4Authors Bulent Berker, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyKorhan Kahraman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeySalih Taskin, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, TurkeyY...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Clomiphene fails to revert hypogonadism in most male patients with conventionally treated nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia — Sat, 16 Jul 2011 16:49:17 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with hypogonadal men with prolactinomas under dopaminergic therapy, clomiphene treatment failed to restore normal testosterone levels in most patients with conventionally treated NFPA.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do clomifeno em homens com hipogonadismo e adenoma hipofisário não funcionante (NFPA) previamente tratados. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Aberto, braço único, prospectivo. Nove homens hipogonádicos (testosterona < 300 ng/dL e LH normal/baixo) com NFPA previamente tratados. Clomifeno (50 mg/dia oral) por 12 semanas. Testosterona, estradiol, LH, FSH, prolactina e função erétil foram avaliados antes e após 10 dias, 4, 8 e 12 semanas de clomifeno. RESULTADOS: Após clomifeno, a testosterona e a função erétil melhoraram em um paciente. Em outros oito pacientes, ...

Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy after clomiphene failure in polycystic ovary syndrome: is it worthwhile? A randomized controlled trial

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 06:05:23 +0100

Conclusions LOD during the 6 months follow-up period and CC for up to six further cycles are equally effective for achieving pregnancy in CC failure PCOS patients. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-1983-xAuthors Hatem Abu Hashim, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptOsama Foda, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptEssam Ghayaty, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptAhmed Elawa, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Journal Archives of Gynecology and Obstet...

Bezafibrate Restores the Inhibition of FSH-Induced Follicular Development and Steroidogenesis by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Pathway in In Vitro Mouse Preantral Follicle Culture.

Biology of Reproduction — Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we first examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), which plays a role in insulin resistance, on follicle development using the follicle culture system. TNF significantly inhibited FSH-induced follicle development, 17beta-estradiol (E2) secretion, and the ovulation rate in a dose-dependent manner. We then examined whether bezafibrate treatment could rescue the inhibition of FSH-induced follicle development and steroidogenesis by TNF. Bezafibrate treatment rescued the inhibition of follicle development, E2 secretion, and the ovulation rate by TNF. We examined the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes in mouse preantral follicles. As the protein expression of PPARG only was observed in mouse preantral follicles, we examined wh...

Timing of intrauterine insemination: an attempt to unravel the enigma

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 27 Jun 2011 17:51:09 +0100

Conclusions Altering timing of IUI after COS does not enhance pregnancy rates. IUI 36 h after hCG has marginally better pregnancy rates than 24 h. Timing of insemination may be kept at 24 or 36 h after hCG injection to suit the convenience of the clinic or care provider. The lack of statistical significance indicates need for larger studies to draw guidelines. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-1950-6Authors Syed Monajatur Rahman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 IndiaDebjyoti Karmakar, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029 IndiaNeena Malhotra, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India In...

Letrozole or clomiphene citrate as first line for anovulatory infertility: a debate

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Clomiphene citrate has been traditionally used as the drug of choice in treating women with anovulatory infertility. In the last decade letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor has emerged as alternative ovulation induction agent. Literature confirms that letrozole has a definitive role in anovulatory women who have not responded to the clomiphene therapy. However its role as an alternative to clomiphene as first line therapy continues to be debated. Although it is probable that the overall benefits of letrozole surpass clomiphene citrate, currently available data does not confirm this view. There is need for large well-designed trials. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Aromatase inhibitors in stimulated IVF cycles

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Aromatase inhibitors have been introduced as a new treatment modality that could challenge clomiphene citrate as an ovulation induction regiment in patients with PCOS. Although several randomized trials have been conducted regarding their use as ovulation induction agents, only few trials are available regarding their efficacy in IVF stimulated cycles. Current available evidence support that letrozole may have a promising role in stimulated IVF cycles, either when administered during the follicular phase for ovarian stimulation. Especially for women with poor ovarian response, letrozole appears to have the potential to increase clinical pregnancy rates when combined with gonadotropins, whereas at the same time reduces the total gonadotropin dose required for ovarian stimulation. However, g...

Extended letrozole regimen versus clomiphene citrate for superovulation in patients with unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination: a randomized controlled trial

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The extended letrozole regimen had a superior efficacy as compared with clomiphene citrate in patients of unexplained infertility undergoing superovulation and IUI.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01232075 (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Melatonin protects against clomiphene citrate-induced generation of hydrogen peroxide and morphological apoptotic changes in rat eggs.

European Journal of Pharmacology — Fri, 17 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tripath A, Premkumar KV, Pandey AN, Khatun S, Mishra SK, Shrivastav TG, Chaube SK The present study was aimed to determine whether clomiphene citrate-induces generation of hydrogen peroxide in ovary, if so, whether melatonin could scavenge hydrogen peroxide and protect against clomiphene citrate-induced morphological changes in rat eggs. For this purpose, forty five sexually immature female rats were given single intramuscular injection of 10IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin for 48h followed by single injections of 10IU human chorionic gonadotropin and clomiphene citrate (10mg/kg bw) with or without melatonin (20mg/kg bw) for 16h. The histology of ovary, ovulation rate, hydrogen peroxide concentration and catalase activity in ovary and morphological changes in ovulated egg...

Five-day anastrozole group in infertility needs supplemental human chorionic gonadotropin

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

I read with great interest the article by Tredway et al. , in which they concluded that “in terms of ovulation rates, 5-day anastrozole at 1, 5, and 10 mg/d was less effective than CC [clomiphene citrate] at 50 mg/d for cycle 1.” They have done commendable work. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Reply of the Authors

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

For the reasons noted in his letter to the editor, we had considered Dr. Chen’s suggestion that the difference in ovulation rates between anastrozole and clomiphene citrate was due to the lack of supplemental hCG, which was used to induce ovulation in the study by Bedawy et al. . (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Long-term outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome initially randomized to receive laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries or ovulation induction with gonadotrophins

Human Reproduction — Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION In women with clomiphene-resistant PCOS, laparoscopic electrocautery of the ovaries is as effective as ovulation induction with FSH treatment in terms of live births, but reduces the need for ovulation induction or ART in a significantly higher proportion of women and increases the chance for a second child. Clinicians may use these data when informing clomiphene-resistant anovulatory women about treatment options. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Possibilities and Limits of Ovarian Reserve Testing in ART.

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: La Marca A, Argento C, Sighinolfi G, Grisendi V, Carbone M, D'Ippolito G, Artenisio AC, Stabile G, Volpe A Markers of ovarian reserve are associated with ovarian aging as they decline with chronologic age, and hence may predict stages of reproductive aging including the menopause transition. Assessment of ovarian reserve include measurement of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and inhibin-B. Ultrasound determination of antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian vascularity and ovarian volume also can have a role. The clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT), exogenous FSH ovarian reserve test (EFORT), and GnRH-agonist stimulation test (GAST) are dynamic methods that have been used in the past to assess ovarian reserve. In infertile women, ovari...

Surgical management of infertility due to polycystic ovarian syndrome after failure of medical management

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology — Fri, 27 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Ovarian drilling by hydrolaparoscopy is an effective treatment for CC-resistant PCOS. The high rate of associated uterine anomalies justifies simultaneous hysteroscopic surgery. (Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology)

Clomid 101

About.com Eating Disorders — Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Clomid is the most commonly used fertility drug, and with good reason. Clomid is easy to use and effective in stimulating ovulation 80% of the time. Learn more about Clomid, common Clomid side effects, and more. (Source: About.com Eating Disorders)

Prognostic value of total testosterone for pregnancy during treatment in patients with clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 25 May 2011 16:03:43 +0100

Conclusions The level of TT after ovulation may be of prognostic value for pregnancy in non-obese women with PCOS and CC resistance during treatment. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-1924-8Authors Chunyang Li, Staff Room of Biochemistry, The Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, ChinaJing Cheng, Reproductive Health Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, ChinaJianguang Wang, Staff Room of Biochemistry, The Basic Medical College of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, ChinaYamei Xue, Reproductive Health Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang, ChinaZhaoxia Huang, Reproductive Health Cent...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Reply of the Authors

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 22 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

We thank Dr. Chen and Dr. Wiwanitkit for their interest in our article . Dr. Chen’s comments in his letter are highly valid, and we agree that oral ovarian stimulation medications (including both clomiphene citrate and aromatase inhibitors) are associated with increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) that may contribute to premature luteinization. This theory was addressed in prior studies cited in our article where elevated LH levels were found in normally responding patients. Thus, the article he referred to that reported the increase in LH pulse amplitude after letrozole administration was not the first. However, not all patients on letrozole experience a premature LH surge. In our study, we suggested other possible mechanisms, such as aged ovaries with diminished ovarian reserve ...

Does laparoscopic ovarian diathermy change clomiphene-resistant PCOS into clomiphene-sensitive?

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 18 May 2011 18:19:08 +0100

Conclusions LOD improves the ovarian response to CC in at least one-third of CC-resistant patients who remained anovulatory following LOD especially in women who are less hyperandrogenic and less insulin resistant. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00404-011-1931-9Authors Hatem Abu Hashim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptMohamed El-Shafei, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptAhmed Badawy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptAlaa Wafa, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Ma...

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for leiomyoma-associated infertility

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): The role of FUS for enhancement of fertility in women with nonhysteroscopically resectable uterine fibroids distorting the uterine cavity should be investigated further. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Chinese Herbal Medicine and Clomiphene Citrate for Anovulation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine — Thu, 12 May 2011 15:25:55 +0100

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine)

Mild/minimal stimulation for in vitro fertilization: an old idea that needs to be revisited

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Mild ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization usually refers to the use of low-dose gonadotropins in conjunction with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist whereas minimal stimulation refers to the use of a sequential administration of clomiphene citrate followed by low-dose gonadotropins and a GnRH antagonist. These protocols offer important cost and tolerability advantages to all patients but specifically to high and low responders. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Impact of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on anti-Müllerian hormone levels and ovarian stromal blood flow using three-dimensional power Doppler in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Measuring AMH and ovarian stromal three-dimensional power Doppler blood flow for women with anovulatory PCOS undergoing LOD may provide a useful tool in evaluating the outcome of LOD. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Suggestion and comment for clomiphene citrate preventing luteinizing hormone surge

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: I read with interest the article by Al-Inany et al. , in which the authors demonstrated the beneficial effects of the addition of clomiphene citrate (CC) to hMG during IUI cycles to prevent a premature LH surge. Their study was well designed. Surprisingly, the endometrial thickness of both groups was thin, with an average thickness of less than 6.0 mm, which may reduce pregnancy rates, as the authors mentioned. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Clomiphene citrate utilization in the Netherlands 1998-2007

Human Reproduction — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS There is no increase of CC use during 1998–2007, and indeed a decrease of CC use during recent years, among women at reproductive age in northern Netherlands. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy After Clomiphene Citrate and Intrauterine Insemination

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery — Fri, 15 Apr 2011 04:39:08 +0100

Journal of Gynecologic Surgery , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Gynecologic Surgery)

Inositol effects on ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility — Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: I read with interest the recent paper of Morgante et al. describing the positive effects of inositol for increasing the insulin sensitivity of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) , confirming the concept that insulin-sensitizer molecules, alone or in combination with clomiphene citrate or gonadotropin, somehow ameliorate ovulation in such patients. However, some comments on both the design and results of the study are necessary for a critical view of the potential clinical application of inositol in assisted reproduction technology (ART). (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Reproductive outcome after letrozole versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling for clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of letrozole and laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in patients with clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: In the present prospective randomized trial, 140 women with clomiphene-citrate-resistant PCOS were randomly allocated to receive 5mg letrozole from day 3 to day 7 of menses for 6 consecutive cycles, or to undergo LOD. When a leading follicle of at least 18mm was present, ovulation was triggered with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The 6-month rates of ovulation, pregnancy, abortion, and live births were evaluated.Results: The groups were similar with regard to baseline clinical characteristics and hormonal profiles. The ovulation rate was significantly higher in the letrozole group than in the ...

CLOMIPHENE CITRATEtablet [Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 29, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling for Clomiphene-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine — Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Semin Reprod Med 2011; 29: 138-146DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272476ABSTRACTLaparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) is an alternative to ovulation induction with gonadotropins for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients unresponsive to clomiphene. It is quick and easy to perform, although the number of punctures and energy doses has not been standardized. The mechanism of LOD is unclear, but it is likely mediated by a reduction in intraovarian androgen production. Serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels are rapidly normalized, and these changes are sustained over long-term follow-up. Studies have shown that ovulation and pregnancy rates are comparable between ovulation induction with gonadotropins and LOD, but LOD avoids the risks of multiple pregnancy and ovarian hyperstimulation syndr...

Beneficial estrogen-like effects of ginsenoside Rb1, an active component of Panax ginseng, on neural 5-HT disposition and behavioral tasks in ovariectomized mice.

European Journal of Pharmacology — Mon, 21 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hao K, Gong P, Sun SQ, Hao HP, Wang GJ, Dai Y, Liang Y, Xie L, Li FY Decreased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentration in the brain has been linked to central nervous system dysfunctions, especially in menopausal women. Ginsenoside Rb1, a potential phytoestrogen, has been shown to improve central nervous system dysfunctions, comparable to the estrogen treatment. To investigate the estrogen-like effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on neural 5-HT disposition and behavioral tasks, we quantified the concentrations of 5-HT and other related endogenous substances in the frontal cortex and striatum of ovariectomized mice. The activities of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were also measured to evaluate the synthesis and metabo...

Menstrual Psychosis: A Bipolar Disorder with a Link to the Hypothalamus

Current Psychiatry Reports — Sat, 19 Mar 2011 02:53:11 +0100

Abstract The literature on menstrual psychosis is briefly reviewed in this article. There are about 80 cases with substantial evidence, and about 200 other possible cases. The clinical features are generally those of manic depressive (bipolar) disorder. The diagnosis requires the accurate dating of the onsets of episodes and of menstrual bleeding. Obtaining a baseline of several carefully dated episodes is also important in finding the best way to arrest the periodic illness. Although conventional psychotropic drugs can shorten episodes, they do not prevent recurrences. For this, unconventional treatments appear to be more effective, especially thyroid hormone and clomiphene. Patients with menstrual psychosis usually have abnormal menstruation, such as anovulatory cycles, ...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Analysis of factors predicting success of metformin and clomiphene treatment for women with infertility owing to PCOS‐related ovulation dysfunction in a randomised controlled trial

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that BMI may be an important prognostic factor in response to metformin for women with ovulation dysfunction related to polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting that women with a lower BMI may respond better to metformin treatment versus placebo amongst women with BMI > 32 kg/m2. Individual patient data meta‐analysis of existing randomised trials would clarify this further and would assess whether other factors might predict better response to metformin versus standard treatments. (Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Progesterone Resistance in PCOS Endometrium: A Microarray Analysis in Clomiphene Citrate-Treated and Artificial Menstrual Cycles.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Differences in gene expression provide evidence of progesterone resistance in midsecretory PCOS endometrium, independent of clomiphene citrate and corresponding to the observed phenotypes of hyperplasia, cancer, and poor reproductive outcomes in this group of women. PMID: 21411543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

SEROPHENE (Clomiphene Citrate) Tablet [EMD Serono, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Fri, 04 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Mar 4, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Anastrozole versus clomiphene citrate: which is better for ovulation induction?

Fertility and Sterility — Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Although anastrozole may be used as an oral therapeutic agent in ovulation induction, it is not recommended as a replacement for clomiphene citrate. On the basis of two phase 2 studies, anastrozole should be viewed as a second-tier therapy after clomiphene citrate in anovulatory patients. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Anastrozole single-dose protocol in women with oligo- or anovulatory infertility: results of a randomized phase II dose–response study

Fertility and Sterility — Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Objective: To compare the effects of anastrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) on follicular development and ovulation in infertile women with ovulatory dysfunction.Design: Phase II, prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter, dose-finding, noninferiority study.Setting: Outpatient.Patient(s): Infertile women with ovulatory dysfunction, aged 18–35 years, and body mass index (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Anastrozole vs. clomiphene citrate in infertile women with ovulatory dysfunction: a phase II, randomized, dose-finding study

Fertility and Sterility — Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Objective: To determine an effective multiple-dose regimen of anastrozole compared with clomiphene citrate (CC) to induce follicular growth and ovulation in infertile women with ovulatory dysfunction.Design: Phase II, prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, dose-finding, noninferiority study.Setting: Outpatient.Patient(s): Infertile women (n = 271) with ovulatory dysfunction, aged 18–40 years, with body mass index (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Metformin is a reasonable first‐line treatment option for non‐obese women with infertility related to anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome – A meta‐analysis of randomised trials

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology — Fri, 28 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The available randomised trial data show no significant difference in effectiveness of metformin versus clomiphene as ovulation induction agents for non‐obese women with anovulatory PCOS. Metformin and clomiphene are both suitable options for first‐line treatment. (Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology)

Use of clomiphene citrate and birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2005

Human Reproduction — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Several associations between CC use and birth defects were observed. However, because of the small number of cases, inconsistency of some findings with previous reports, and the fact that we cannot assess the CC effect separately from that of the subfertility, these associations should be interpreted cautiously. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Fertility treatments and the young women who use them: an Australian cohort study

Human Reproduction — Fri, 21 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS In this study, almost a quarter of women in their early 30s reported difficulty conceiving, and over a quarter reported pregnancy loss. This suggests that a significant proportion of young women experience substantial difficulties becoming pregnant. Our findings highlight the need to continue to document the range of women's reproductive experiences and to monitor fertility and treatment-seeking trends. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Clomid After Tubal Ligation Reversal

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

A member of the Tubal Reversal Message Board inquires about the use of Clomid after having her tubal ligation reversal. Some women have trouble becoming pregnant after having their tubes untied because they do not release eggs regularly. For these women, the medication most doctors prescribe is clomiphene citrate (Clomid). Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center patients and message board members discuss the use of Clomid after tubal ligation reversal and share their experiences while using this popular medication. (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Comparison of mild and microdose GnRH agonist flare protocols on IVF outcome in poor responders

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 10 Jan 2011 16:09:54 +0100

Conclusion We recommend mild protocol in assisted reproductive technology cycles for poor responders based on our results regarding less doses of used gonadotropin and a shorter duration of stimulation. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1828-zAuthors Mohammad Ali Karimzadeh, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Bouali Avenue, Safaieh, 8916877391 Yazd, IranMehri Mashayekhy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Sardasht Avenue, 3848176941 Arak, IranFarnaz Mohammadian, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Avenue, 1319145156 Zanjan, IranFatemeh Mansoori Moghadd...

CLOMIPHENE CITRATEtablet [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Mon, 10 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Jan 10, 2011 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

CC-, hCG-induced cycles deliver similar outcomes in normo-ovulatory women

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Mon, 10 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Researchers have found comparable live-birth and pregnancy rates with human chorionic gonadotropin-induced natural or clomiphene citrate-induced cycles during frozen embryo transfer in normo-ovulatory women. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

Pharmacotherapy of polycystic ovary syndrome – an update

Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology — Fri, 07 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a persisting challenge to clinical and basic research scientists as none of the presently available medications have been fully able to combat these consequences. The aim of the present review is to summarize the different lines of treatment available for the different symptomologies that women with PCOS presents. In this comprehensive review, search was made for various treatment options available for PCOS by using Cochrane library, Pubmed, Medline, in addition to the relevant printed medical journals and periodicals. The search results revealed that oral contraceptives containing oestrogen and progesterone regularize the menstruation, antiandrogens like spironolactone and drosperinone have proven to be effective in hirsutism and acne, clomiphen...

Clomiphene citrate, metformin or both as first-step approach in treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review of head-to-head randomized controlled studies and meta-analysis

NeLM - Disease Focused Reviews — Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Source: DARE Area: Evidence > Disease Focused Reviews CRD Summary: This review compared combination therapy with monotherapy (clomiphene citrate or metformin) for treatment of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The authors' conclusion that combination therapy offered no advantage and monotherapies were similarly effective reflected most of the data presented. Limitations in the review process and paucity of data mean that the conclusions should be viewed with caution. CRD Commentary: The review addressed a clearly stated research question and defined appropriate inclusion criteria. A thorough search of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies and no language restrictions were applied. No searches for unpublished studies were reported. Measures t...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Excretion study of clomiphene in human urine: evaluation of endogenous steroids profile after multiple oral doses

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society — Thu, 23 Dec 2010 01:40:54 +0100

Selective estrogen receptor modulators are classified as prohibited substances according to the list of forbidden substances in sports by the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-doping Agency. Clomiphene (2-(4-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylethenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-diethyl-ethanamine) is mainly used for the treatment of infertility because it acts inducing the ovulation by direct stimulations of gonadotropic activity. Clomiphene citrate (50 mg per day for 5 days) was orally administered to one healthy female with infertility treatment. Urine samples were collected up to 1 week post-dose. A new metabolite using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been identified in addition to the hydroxyclomiphene previously reported. It has been proposed as hydroxymethoxyclomiphene. Monitorization ...

Association between Clomiphene Citrate and Visual Disturbances with Special Emphasis on Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Review

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation — Wed, 15 Dec 2010 22:37:20 +0100

Gynecol Obstet Invest (DOI:10.1159/000319497) (Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation)

Does Tubal Ligation Reversal Affect The Menstrual Cycle?

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Sun, 12 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

A patient of Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center posts this question on the Tubal Reversal Message Board, "Why has my cycle gone from 28 to 33 days?" She says she has had many tests and is also taking Clomid to increase her chances of becoming pregnant after her ligation reversal surgery. Any number of factors can change the length of the menstrual cycle including age, medications, treatments and surgery itself. If you have any questions about issues relating to tubal ligation reversal surgery or pregnancy after getting your fallopian tubes untied, call one of the experienced Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center Nurses at (919)-968-4656. (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

Effect of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on vascular endothelial growth factor and ovarian stromal blood flow using 3-dimensional power Doppler

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Increased vascularity in PCOS demonstrated by Doppler blood flow measurements might be explained by the high level of VEGF. LOD reduced ovarian vascularization and serum VEGF. (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)

[Induction of ovulation].

Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jacquesson L, Belaisch-Allart J, Ayel JP OBJECTIVES: To elaborate guidelines for the use of different treatment and different protocols for ovarian stimulation. SEARCHED STRATEGY: We searched for all publications which described randomised controlled trial evaluating different ovarian stimulation protocols and different indications on PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Database. The keywords were: ovulation induction, citrate of clomiphene, gonadotropin, metformin, anti estrogens, anti aromatase, pulsatile GnRH administration, cancer, ovarian hyperstimulation, thrombosis, multiple pregnancies, and complications. Randomised controlled trials were first considered. Then was considered recent meta analysis and cohort study. We mentioned when literature was weak. PMID: 21185488 [Pub...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Combined metformin and clomiphene citrate versus laparoscopic ovarian diathermy for ovulation induction in clomiphene‐resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Sun, 28 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Combined metformin–CC and LOD are equally effective for inducing ovulation and achieving pregnancy in CC‐resistant PCOS patients. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

CLOMIPHENE CITRATEtablet [Rebel Distributors Corp]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Nov 23, 2010 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

Maitake Mushroom (Grifola frondosa) Extract Induces Ovulation in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Possible Monotherapy and a Combination Therapy After Failure with First-Line Clomiphene Citrate

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine — Fri, 29 Oct 2010 12:41:17 +0100

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine)

Six weeks of structured exercise training and hypocaloric diet increases the probability of ovulation after clomiphene citrate in overweight and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Human Reproduction — Thu, 14 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS In overweight and obese CC-resistant PCOS patients, a 6-week intervention of SET and a hypocaloric diet was effective in increasing the probability of ovulation under CC treatment. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT0100468. (Source: Human Reproduction)

N-Acetyl Cysteine Plus Clomiphene Citrate Versus Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate in Treatment of Clomiphene-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Women — Wed, 13 Oct 2010 03:02:05 +0100

Journal of Women's Health , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Journal of Women)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Discussing How To Achieve Pregnancy Once Tubes Are Untied

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Wed, 13 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

A member of the Tubal Reversal Message Board of Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center discusses her plan to get pregnant following tubal reversal surgery. This patient's local physician plans to put her on Clomid the next cycle to see if she can speed things up. She thinks she may be pregnant without medications this cycle and message board members are all waiting patiently to see. Most patients will not need fertility medications after tubal reversal; however every patient is different. On average, Dr. Berger's and Dr. Monteith's patients report a pregnancy within twelve months of having tube reversal surgery. (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

Clomid (Clomiphene) - updated on RxList

RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs — Mon, 04 Oct 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Clomid (Clomiphene) drug description - FDA approved labeling for prescription drugs and medications at RxList (Source: RxList - New and Updated Drug Monographs)

clomiphene - oral, Clomid, Serophene

MedicineNet Womens Health General — Wed, 22 Sep 2010 07:00:00 +0100

Title: clomiphene - oral, Clomid, SeropheneCategory: MedicationsCreated: 3/2/2005Last Editorial Review: 9/22/2010 (Source: MedicineNet Womens Health General)

Safety and efficacy of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine in idiopathic male infertility: a comparative study.

Urology Journal — Sat, 18 Sep 2010 09:18:03 +0100

CONCLUSION: It seems that the use of clomiphene citrate and L-carnitine, either individually or in combination, as the first step of idiopathic male infertility treatment is reasonable, safe, and effective. PMID: 20845296 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Urology Journal)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Using Clomid After Tubal Reversal Surgery

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Sat, 18 Sep 2010 00:00:00 +0100

A member of the Tubal Reversal Message Board inquires about the use of Clomid after having her tubes untied. Some women may not become pregnant after tubal reversal surgery because they do not ovulate regularly because their pituitary glands don't produce enough follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) during their menstrual cycles. For these women, the medication most doctors prescribe is clomiphene citrate (Clomid). Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center patients and message board members discuss the use of Clomid after tubal ligation reversal and shares their experiences while using Clomid. (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

Decision trees for identifying predictors of treatment effectiveness in clinical trials and its application to ovulation in a study of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Human Reproduction — Wed, 15 Sep 2010 16:31:07 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a phenotypically diverse condition. Both baseline laboratory and clinical parameters can predict the ovulatory response in women with PCOS undergoing ovulation induction. Without a priori hypotheses with regard to any predictors, the observation regarding left ovary volume is novel and worthy of further investigation and validation. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Luteal phase support in normo-ovulatory women stimulated with clomiphene citrate for intrauterine insemination: need or habit?

Human Reproduction — Wed, 15 Sep 2010 16:31:06 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Routine supplementation of the luteal phase with vaginal progesterone does not seem to improve pregnancy rates in normo-ovulatory women stimulated with clomiphene citrate for IUI. Clinical trials.gov:NCT01046708. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Oligoovulatory and Anovulatory Cycles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): What's the Difference?

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism — Tue, 14 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Oligoovulatory women with PCOS exhibit a milder phenotype of ovarian dysfunction and have a more favorable response to OI treatment using clomiphene citrate compared with anovulatory PCOS patients. However, during second-line treatment with recombinant FSH, anovulatory PCOS patients presented with a higher chance of pregnancy compared with oligoovulatory patients. PMID: 20843954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)

Chinese herbal medicine for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — Sun, 12 Sep 2010 02:48:06 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence that the addition of CHM to clomiphene is associated with improved clinical pregnancy outcomes and no other evidence of any other effect. The methodology of RCTs was not adequately reported by primary studies. PMID: 20824862 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Fertility drugs and the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis and review

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Thu, 02 Sep 2010 06:54:57 +0100

Abstract The risk of breast cancer has been associated with reproductive history. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fertility drugs used in assisted reproductive procedures and the risk of breast cancer. We performed a literature search using the MEDLINE, the COCHRANE Library, and Scopus to identify studies linking breast cancer to fertility drugs. We excluded case series, case reports, and review articles from our analysis. The study populations included women who were treated for infertility with clomiphene, gonadotropins, gonadotropin-releasing hormones, or other unspecified fertility agents. We extracted information on study design, sample size, type of fertility drugs and number of treatment cycles, breast cancer incidence, and follow...

Transfer of cryopreserved - thawed embryos in hCG induced natural or clomiphene citrate cycles yields similar live birth rates in normo-ovulatory women

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics — Thu, 12 Aug 2010 06:02:56 +0100

Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate which of the above mentioned regimens is optimal for normo-ovulatory women in FET cycles. A similar delivery outcome was observed for hCG–induced natural and CC-induced cycles used for endometrial preparation in FET. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10815-010-9464-xAuthors Dimitra Kyrou, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 101 Laarbeeklaan, 1090 Brussel, BelgiumHuman M. Fatemi, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 101 Laarbeeklaan, 1090 Brussel, BelgiumChristophe Blockeel, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 101 La...

Prestimulation parameters predicting live birth in anovulatory WHO Group II patients undergoing ovulation induction with gonadotrophins

Human Reproduction — Tue, 20 Jul 2010 17:10:37 +0100

CONCLUSIONS The chances of live birth in women with WHO Group II anovulatory infertility resistant to CC undergoing ovulation induction with gonadotrophins is highly influenced by the menstrual cycle pattern. Increases in duration of infertility and concentration of FSH (within the normal range) before the start of stimulation have negative influences on the likelihood of achieving a live birth. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Aromatase inhibitors in women with clomiphene citrate resistance: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Fertility and Sterility — Mon, 19 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In 36 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and clomiphene citrate resistance, letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, statistically significantly increased the ovulation rate by 33.3% in the treatment group, indicating that letrozole can be used as an effective and simple alternate ovulation-inducing agent in these women. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibodies indicating Hashimoto's thyroiditis are associated with the treatment response in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility — Mon, 19 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In infertile women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies values exceeding the upper level of normal were found in significantly more clomiphene citrate resistant patients compared clomiphene citrate responders and metformin responders. Thus, elevated antiTPO levels are associated with poor treatment response in infertile women who suffer from PCOS. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Randomized comparison of different ovarian stimulation regimens for assisted reproductive technology in baboons (Papio anubis)

Fertility and Sterility — Fri, 16 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): In baboons, long and depot protocols yield similar numbers of MII oocytes; however, depot protocol may be preferable because only one injection of GnRH agonist is needed. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Case 20-2010 -- A 32-Year-Old Woman with Oligomenorrhea and Infertility

New England Journal of Medicine — Tue, 06 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100

A 32-year-old woman was evaluated because of oligomenorrhea and difficulty becoming pregnant. At 25 years of age, after 5 years of oral contraceptive use, irregular menstrual cycles developed, and she was unable to become pregnant. She reported acne and increased facial hair; results of laboratory tests were consistent with anovulation. She became pregnant after two cycles of clomiphene, gestational diabetes developed, she delivered a healthy infant, and she breast-fed normally. Glucose intolerance and amenorrhea persisted after delivery. A diagnostic test was performed. (Source: New England Journal of Medicine)

Letrozole versus laparoscopic ovarian diathermy for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Fri, 25 Jun 2010 16:52:57 +0100

Conclusion Letrozole and LOD are equally effective for inducing ovulation and achieving pregnancy in CC-resistant PCOS patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Reproductive MedicineDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1566-2Authors Hatem Abu Hashim, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mansoura EgyptAbdel Maged Mashaly, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mansoura EgyptAhmed Badawy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mansoura Egypt Journal Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOnline ISSN 1432-0711Print ISSN 0932-0067 (Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics)

PCOSMIC: a multi-centre randomized trial in women with PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome evaluating Metformin for Infertility with Clomiphene

Human Reproduction — Wed, 16 Jun 2010 16:36:45 +0100

CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that adding metformin to ‘standard care’ is beneficial. Pregnancy and live birth rates are low in women with BMI > 32 kg/m2 whatever treatment is used, with no evidence of benefit of metformin over placebo. For women with BMI ≤ 32 kg/m2 there is no evidence of significant differences in outcomes whether treated with metformin, CC or both. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00795808; trial protocol accepted for publication November 2005: Johnson, Aust N Z Journal Obstet Gynaecol 2006;46:141–145. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Usefulness of Bezafibrate for Ovulation Induction in Clomiphene Citrate-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Prospective Pilot Study of Seven Cases

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation — Tue, 15 Jun 2010 13:55:39 +0100

Gynecol Obstet Invest 2010;70:166â172 (DOI:10.1159/000316265) (Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Stromal cell–specific apoptotic and antiestrogenic mechanisms may explain uterine defects in humans after clomiphene citrate therapy

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Sun, 23 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: We provide novel mechanistic insights into cellular and molecular events by which CC regulates uterine stromal cell function and hence the implantation process and pregnancy outcome. (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Treatment of anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence: Emerging evidence and its implications

Drug and Alcohol Dependence — Fri, 21 May 2010 15:29:50 +0100

Abstract: Currently, few users of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) seek substance abuse treatment. But this picture may soon change substantially, because illicit AAS use did not become widespread until the 1980s, and consequently the older members of this AAS-using population – those who initiated AAS as youths in the 1980s – are only now reaching middle age. Members of this group, especially those who have developed AAS dependence, may therefore be entering the age of risk for cardiac and psychoneuroendocrine complications sufficient to motivate them for substance abuse treatment. We suggest that this treatment should address at least three etiologic mechanisms by which AAS dependence might develop. First, individuals with body image disorders such as “muscle dysmorphia” may ...

Comparison of metformin and clomiphene citrate therapy for induction of ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Sun, 16 May 2010 07:01:14 +0100

Discussion Although metformin and CC are two effective first-line approaches for improving pregnancy rates in anovulatory PCOS women, CC is associated with higher rates of ovulation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Reproductive MedicineDOI 10.1007/s00404-010-1497-yAuthors Safak Baran, Haseki Education and Research Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Istanbul TurkeyMurat Api, Haseki Education and Research Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Istanbul TurkeyBehiye Pinar Cilesiz Goksedef, Haseki Education and Research Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Istanbul TurkeyAhmet Cetin, Haseki Education and Research Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Istanbul Turkey Journal Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsOn...

Pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome comparing the effects of laparoscopic ovarian drilling and clomiphene citrate stimulation in women pre-treated with metformin: a retrospective study

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology — Wed, 12 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: CC, but not LOD, increases the complication rate in pregnant patients who received metformin. (Source: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology)

Fertility treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a decision analysis of different oral ovulation induction agents

Fertility and Sterility — Fri, 07 May 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Combination therapy with metformin and clomiphene citrate should be considered as first-line treatment for infertile women with PCOS. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Do Fertility Meds Put Your Baby at Risk?

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

DEAR MAYO CLINIC: I am trying to get pregnant and my doctor suggests Clomid. Are fertility drugs harmful (physically or intellectually) to the baby? ANSWER: No. You will not be putting your baby's health at risk if you choose to take clomiphene (Clomid).... (Source: OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research)

Which drugs can inhibit lactation?

NeLM - Medicines Q and A — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Source: Wessex Drug and Medicines Information Centre Area: Evidence > Medicines Q & A . A wide range of drugs can inhibit lactation either by: . causing prolactin deficiency, thereby reducing milk production . blocking oxytocin secretion, so adversely affecting the milk-ejection reflex. . Prescription or Over The Counter (OTC) medications that may inhibit lactation include dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine and cabergoline. Other medication with the potential to inhibit lactation includes levodopa, high dose oestrogens, clomiphene, ergotamine, prostaglandin E2, pseudoephedrine, pyridoxine, thiazide, loop, plus potassium-sparing diuretics...

Does estrogen directly modulate anti-müllerian hormone secretion in women?

Fertility and Sterility — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): In women, estrogen does not appear to have a direct role in AMH regulation. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Ovarian reserve tests and their utility in predicting response to controlled ovarian stimulation in rhesus monkeys

American Journal of Primatology — Thu, 25 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is an alternative to natural breeding in nonhuman primates; however, these protocols are costly with no guarantee of success. Toward the objective of predicting COS outcome in rhesus monkeys, this study evaluated three clinically used ovarian reserve tests (ORTs): day 3 (d3) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with d3 inhibin B (INHB), the clomiphene citrate challenge test (CCCT), and the exogenous FSH Ovarian Reserve Test. A COS was also performed and response was classified as either successful (COS+) or unsuccessful (COS-) and retrospectively compared with ORT predictions. FSH and INHB were assessed for best hormonal index in conjunction with the aforementioned tests. INHB was consistently more accurate than FSH in all the ORTs used. Overall, a modifi...

The effectiveness of clomiphene citrate in LH surge suppression in women undergoing IUI: a randomized controlled trial

Fertility and Sterility — Tue, 16 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): The addition of CC to hMG has been proven to be effective in reducing premature LH surges without compromising the pregnancy rate. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Fertility Medication Does Not Put Baby's Health at Risk

OrlandoSentinel: Medical Research — Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Analysis of hormone antagonists in clinical and municipal wastewater by isotopic dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry — Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Liu X, Zhang J, Yin J, Duan H, Wu Y, Shao B A comprehensive method was developed for the simultaneous trace analysis of ten hormone antagonist pharmaceuticals (raloxifene, exemestane, letrozole, anastrozole, mifepristone, finastride, tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, clomiphene, and toremifene) in municipal sewage and hospital wastewater samples. The target compounds were firstly extracted using an Oasis HLB cartridge, followed by purification by an aminopropyl cartridge, and were then analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. The recoveries for the analytes based on internal standard calibration in different test matrices ranged from 67.6 to 118.6% (with the exception of mifepristone in clinical wastewater samples)...

2 Years 2 Months Post TR

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Tubal Reversal Message Board member 'PookieStarnes' posts "I had my TR done 12/21/2007 and only have one 7.0 cm tube and one ovary. I have been on Clomid, Femera, injectables etc for 20 months off and on. I had 2 HSGs to conform my tubes wwere open. I am very, very, very Happy to say that I am finally PREGNANT. I finally got my BFP! Baby is due first of Novemeber and I will be 40 in September. (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

A Simple Route Toward New Clomiphene Metabolites

Synlett — Thu, 11 Feb 2010 16:06:21 +0100

SynlettDOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1219383AbstractA new clomiphene metabolite, extremely useful for doping analysis, was synthesized in 19% overall yield. The approach involved a Grignard reaction via a -acylbenzotriazole intermediate to afford a key aromatic ketone and a HWE reaction. Both stereoisomers were separated and identified.[...]© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New YorkGet connected:Table of contents | Abstract | Full text (Source: Synlett)

Clomid (clomifene) - Revised SPC

NeLM - SPC Changes — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Revised SPC includes updates to: Section 4.4 (Special warnings and precautions for Use) - Detail added to warnings re. visual symptoms. Patients should be advised that blurring or other visual symptoms such as spots or flashes (scintillating scotomata) may occasionally occur during or shortly after therapy with Clomid 50mg Tablets. These visual disturbances are usually reversible; however, cases of prolonged visual disturbance have been reported including after Clomid 50mg Tablet discontinuation. The visual disturbances may be irreversible especially with increased dosage or duration of therapy. The significance of these visual symptoms is not understood. If the patient...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Cryopreserved oocytes can serve as the treatment for secondary infertility: a novel model for egg donation

Fertility and Sterility — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Although oocyte cryopreservation is still labeled an experimental procedure, this case demonstrates that oocyte cryopreservation used for electively deferred reproduction can subsequently serve in the treatment for secondary infertility when the patient becomes her own oocyte donor. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy vs clomiphene citrate plus metformin as second-line strategy for infertile anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: LOD and CC plus metformin seem to be 2 effective approaches to treat infertility in patients with CC-resistant PCOS. (Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Annales d'Endocrinologie — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dewailly D, Hieronimus S, Mirakian P, Hugues JN 1. The Rotterdam classification should be used to define PCOS in the event of: menstrual cycle anomalies; amenorrhoea, oligomenorrhoea or long cycles, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism and ultrasound appearance of polycystic ovaries. 2. The presence of two of these three criteria is sufficient once all other diagnoses have been ruled out. 3. Diagnosis of hirsutism should not be based on the Ferriman-Gallway score. 4. The ultrasound definition of PCOS contains precise criteria that must be included in the report: presence of at least 12 follicles in each ovary measuring 2-9mm in diameter, and/or increase in ovary size>10ml. 5. Screening for elevated plasma LH no longer necessary. Testing for GnRH serves no purpose. 6...

Should physicians prescribe metformin to women with polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS?

Annales d'Endocrinologie — Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Duranteau L, Lefevre P, Jeandidier N, Simon T, Christin-Maitre S 1. Metformin is not efficient enough in order to regulate menstrual cycles. 2.Metformin is not efficient enough in order to treat hyperandrogenism. 3. Metformin should not be used as a first-line treatment in order to treat infertility. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is the reference treatment. 4. Metformin in addition to CC is not recommended as a second line treatment, after the failure of CC alone. 5. Metformin should not be used during pregnancy in non diabetic women with PCOS, in order to prevent the risk of gestational diabetes. 6. Metformin should be prescribed to PCOS women when they are diabetic, in order to prevent their cardiovascular risk, after lifestyle modification. 7. Metformin should not be used in PCOS...

Any Advice On Becoming Pregnant After Tubal Reversal Surgery?

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100

A member of the Tubal Reversal Message Board at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center wants to know what she can do to improve her chances of becoming pregnant with only one open tube. Another member Jenn, suggests she see a fertility specialist rather than her local Ob/Gyn doctor. She explains, "My OB was great, but he'd never dealt with anyone that had a tubal ligation or tubal reversal. I wanted someone that was willing to be aggressive with helping us to get pregnant. My reproductive specialist was great. She ran all the tests and started me on Clomid. We got pregnant our first cycle." (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

A prospective randomized trial comparing the clinical and endocrinological outcome with rosiglitazone versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling in patients with polycystic ovarian disease resistant to ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Wed, 02 Dec 2009 18:43:21 +0100

Conclusion To avoid the risk of adverse effects of LOD preference may be given to the use of rosiglitazone and CC therapy in patients of PCOS resistant to CC. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Reproductive MedicineDOI 10.1007/s00404-009-1305-8Authors K. K. Roy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Room No. 3085, 3rd Floor, Teaching Block New Delhi 110029 IndiaJinee Baruah, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Room No. 3085, 3rd Floor, Teaching Block New Delhi 110029 IndiaAparna Sharma, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Room No. 3085, 3rd Floor, Teaching Block New Delhi 110029 IndiaJ. B. Sharma, All India Institute of Medical Scien...

Clomiphene citrate plus tamoxifen versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To compare the efficacy of clomiphene citrate (CC) plus tamoxifen with that of laparoscopic ovarian drilling in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Method: We randomly allocated 150 women with CC-resistant PCOS to a combined medication group (group 1) or a laparoscopic surgery group (group 2). The primary outcome was the live birth rate in each group; secondary outcomes were the rates of ovulation, clinical pregnancy and miscarriage.Results: There were no significant differences between the groups regarding rates of ovulation (81.3% vs 85.3%), pregnancy (53.3% vs 50.7%), or live births (49.3% vs 44.0%), but the mean endometrium thickness was significantly greater on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration in group 1 (P (Sourc...

Molecular Mechanism of the Inhibition of Estradiol-Induced Endometrial Epithelial Cell Proliferation by Clomiphene Citrate.

Endocrinology — Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

We examined the molecular mechanisms of the antiestrogenic effects of clomiphene citrate (CC) in the endometrium using two types of cell lines, Ishikawa and EM-E6/E7/hTERT cells. CC or ICI182780 inhibited 17beta-estradiol (E2)-induced endometrial cell proliferation and transcriptional activation of the estrogen response element (ERE) gene. We directly visualized the ligand-estrogen receptor (ER)alpha interaction using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged ERalpha in a single living cell. Whereas E2 changed the nuclear localization of GFP-ERalpha to a punctate distribution within 5 min, CC or ICI182780 changed the slower and less mobilization of GFP-ERalpha compared with E2. Pretreatment with CC or ICI182780 partly prevented the E2-induced nuclear redistribution of GFP-ERalpha. Fluorescenc...

Use of Fertility Drugs and Risk of Uterine Cancer: Results From a Large Danish Population-based Cohort Study

American Journal of Epidemiology — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 04:11:06 +0100

Some epidemiologic studies have indicated that uterine cancer risk may be increased after use of fertility drugs. To further assess this association, the authors used data from a large cohort of 54,362 women diagnosed with infertility who were referred to Danish fertility clinics between 1965 and 1998. In a case-cohort study, rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the effects of 4 groups of fertility drugs on overall risk of uterine cancer after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. Through mid-2006, 83 uterine cancers were identified. Ever use of any fertility drug was not associated with uterine cancer risk (rate ratio (RR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 1.76). However, ever use of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopaus...

Clomid - what you need to know

Gurgle — Tue, 17 Nov 2009 16:45:35 +0100

Clomid is a fertility drug used to induce ovulation by stimulating certain hormones. (Source: Gurgle)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Metformin versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling in clomiphene- and insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To compare the hormonal-metabolic profiles and reproductive outcomes in clomiphene-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance between women receiving metformin and those undergoing laparoscopic ovarian drilling.Methods: A total of 110 eligible participants were randomly allocated to diagnostic laparoscopy plus metformin therapy (group 1, n=55) or laparoscopic ovarian drilling (group 2, n=55). The t test was used for mean comparisons of hormonal-metabolic parameters and OGTT values before and after treatment. The χ2 test was used for comparisons of ovulation, pregnancy, and abortion rates.Results: Groups 1 and 2 showed a significant decline in testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (P (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and O...

Use of Fertility Drugs and Risk of Uterine Cancer: Results From a Large Danish Population-based Cohort Study.

Am J Epidemiol — Sun, 01 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Jensen A, Sharif H, Kjaer SK Some epidemiologic studies have indicated that uterine cancer risk may be increased after use of fertility drugs. To further assess this association, the authors used data from a large cohort of 54,362 women diagnosed with infertility who were referred to Danish fertility clinics between 1965 and 1998. In a case-cohort study, rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the effects of 4 groups of fertility drugs on overall risk of uterine cancer after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. Through mid-2006, 83 uterine cancers were identified. Ever use of any fertility drug was not associated with uterine cancer risk (rate ratio (RR) = 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69, 1.76). However, ever use of gonadotropins (folli...

Treatment of clomiphene citrate-related ovarian cysts in a prospective randomized study. A single center experience

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research — Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Any treatment might be appropriate for patients with a CC-related ovarian cyst. However, there is no evidence to administer OC for treating CC-related ovarian cysts. Expectant management may also achieve similar success rates. (Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research)

Using Clomid After Tubal Reversal Surgery

Tubal Ligation Reversal News — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Some women fail to become pregnant after tubal reversal surgery because they do not ovulate regularly. The cause may be that their pituitary glands don't produce enough follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) at the right time during the cycle. For these women, the medication most doctors prescribe is clomiphene citrate (Clomid). Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center patients and message board members discuss the use of Clomid after tubal reversal surgery and inquire whether others have experienced changes in their cycle while using Clomid. (Source: Tubal Ligation Reversal News)

Comparison of mild stimulation and conventional stimulation in ART outcome

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 17:52:29 +0100

Conclusion Clomiphene + delayed low dose gonadotropin + flexible GnRH − antagonist stimulation is an acceptable alternative protocol for IVF in patients with regularly menstruation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Reproductive MedicineDOI 10.1007/s00404-009-1252-4Authors Mohammad Ali Karimzadeh, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility Bouali Ave, Safaieh 8916877391 Yazd IranShahnaz Ahmadi, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility Bouali Ave, Safaieh 8916877391 Yazd IranHoma Oskouian, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science Department of Obstetrics...

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

The value of measuring anti-Mullerian hormone in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing laparoscopic ovarian diathermy

Human Reproduction — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 15:49:47 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment circulating AMH level seems to be a good predictor of the ovarian response to LOD. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Tamoxifen use during OI improves endometrial thickness

MedWire News - Ob/Gyn — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Switching to tamoxifen in ovulation induction cycles started with clomiphene citrate improves endometrial thickness in women with an adequate follicular recruitment and endometrial thickness under 7 mm, show US study results. (Source: MedWire News - Ob/Gyn)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome during clomiphene citrate therapy

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of anovulation in women and is one of the most important conditions related to female infertility. Although multiple factors are involved, a major component of this syndrome is increased androgen production. In vitro studies have shown that androgen synthesis is stimulated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, which are produced by thecal–interstitial cells . (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome: diagnosis and management of related infertility

Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 17:02:11 +0100

Abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility accounting for about 75% of cases. It is defined as a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction associated with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. The diagnosis of PCOS is based on the presence of at least two of three criteria including: (1) olig-/anovulation; (2) hyperandrogenaemia (clinical and/or biochemical); and (3) polycystic ovaries on ultrasound scan. Several treatment options are available for women with anovulatory infertility related to PCOS including weight reduction, clomiphene citrate (CC), gonadotropins, laparoscopic ovarian diathermy (LOD), metformin and letrozole. The 2007 Thessaloniki ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Workshop Group reached a consensus regarding the therapeutic ...

CLOMIPHENE CITRATEtablet [Par Pharmaceutical Inc]

DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST) — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 05:00:00 +0100

Updated Date: Sep 22, 2009 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates for the last seven days (since May 20, 2007 EST))

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Find the best January Sales in the UK.

Comparison of the effect of tamoxifen on endometrial thickness in women with thin endometrium (

Fertility and Sterility — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Infertile women undergoing ovulation induction (OI) with clomiphene citrate (CC) who have adequate follicular recruitment and an endometrial thickness of (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Clomiphene citrate and testosterone gel replacement therapy for male hypogonadism: efficacy and ...

UroToday — Mon, 14 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Rush University Medical Center-Department of Urology, Chicago, IL, USA. (Source: UroToday)

Comparison of metformin treatment and laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: Objective: To compare hormone levels and clinical outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) after metformin therapy or laparoscopic ovarian diathermy (LOD) at 6 months follow-up.Methods: A randomized trial was conducted in 126 patients with PCOS who had a history of infertility for at least 1 year and resistance to clomiphene citrate (CC). Patients (n=63) received metformin treatment or underwent LOD (n=63).Results: Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone did not change in either group after the intervention (P>0.05). Serum levels of testosterone (P (Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics)

Administration of clomiphene citrate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, without inducing withdrawal bleeding, achieves comparable treatment characteristics and outcome

Fertility and Sterility — Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

In an attempt to evaluate the effect of random timing of the start of clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment in anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome on treatment characteristics and outcome, with no regard to time of menstruation, we studied 291 women in their first CC treatment cycle. Duration of treatment was shorter by 2 days and number of leading follicles was higher when treatment was started late (7–29 days from starting a bleed, as compared with day 5), but no effect of starting day was observed on response rate to CC, maximal E2 level, endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rate. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Letrozole versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Fertility and Sterility — Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion(s): Letrozole and combined metformin–CC are equally effective for inducing ovulation and achieving pregnancy in patients with CC-resistant PCOS. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

MedWorm Sponsor Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the medics tortured and sentenced for up to 15 years in Bahrain. #FreeDoctors

Endometriosis, in vitro fertilisation and the risk of gynaecological malignancies, including ovarian and breast cancer

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology — Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100

There is evidence that endometriosis as well as drugs used in the process of in vitro fertilisation appear to associate with increased risk for gynaecological cancer. In this review, we attempt to describe this relationship according to the most recent epidemiologic data and to present the possible mechanisms on the molecular level that could potentially explain this correlation.There are data to support that ovarian endometriosis could have the potential for malignant transformation. Epidemiologic and genetic studies support this notion. It seems that endometriosis is associated with specific types of ovarian cancer (endometrioid and clear cell). There is no clear association between endometriosis and breast or endometrial cancer. More studies are needed to establish the risk factors that...

Ultrasound-Guided Transvaginal Ovarian Needle Drilling (UTND) for Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology — Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

This article reviews a novel ovarian drilling technique for the ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The authors, in Mansoura, Egypt, randomized 163 women with PCOS refractory to clomiphene citrate treatment (defined as 100mg/d and/or ovulatory response but an endometrial lining (Source: The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology)

Luteal-phase clomiphene citrate in PCOS

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

To the Editor: I read with interest the article by Badawy et al. on luteal phase clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment . There were two points on which I would like to request clarification. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)

Reply of the Authors: Luteal-phase clomiphene citrate in PCOS

Fertility and Sterility — Sun, 23 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100

I would like to thank Dr. Dhiraj Gada for his comments. We have always started medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on day 16 of the cycle—that is, after menstruation, whether this menstruation occurred naturally or was triggered by medication. We measure the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level on the last day of MPA administration to rule out pregnancy before starting the clomiphene citrate (CC) protocol. (Source: Fertility and Sterility)