MedWorm: University of Ottawa

In HIV Prevention More Focus Needed On Men

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 08 Feb 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Edward Mills of the University of Ottawa, Canada and colleagues argue in this week's PLoS Medicine that the HIV/AIDS response in Africa needs a more balanced approach to gender, so that both men and women are involved in HIV treatment and prevention. Traditionally, targeted efforts at reducing the impact of the HIV epidemic have focused on women and children while men have received considerably less attention... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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More focus on men needed in HIV prevention

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

(Public Library of Science) Edward Mills of the University of Ottawa, Canada and colleagues argue in this week's PLoS Medicine that the HIV/AIDS response in Africa needs a more balanced approach to gender, so that both men and women are involved in HIV treatment and prevention. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

A retrospective review of pituitary MRI findings in children on growth hormone therapy

Pediatric Radiology — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:09:46 +0100

Conclusion Children with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies were more likely to have the classic triad than children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. A normal MRI was the most common finding in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00247-012-2349-7Authors Sarah L. Tsai, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8L1Eoghan Laffan, Pediatric Radiology, Children’s University Hospital, Dublin 1, IrelandSarah Lawrence, Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8L1 Journal Pediatric RadiologyOnline ISS...

Radical cystectomy for clinically muscle invasive bladder cancer: does prior non-invasive disease affect clinical outcomes?

World Journal of Urology — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:48:25 +0100

Conclusion Our retrospective study suggests that patients with non-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder that progress to muscle invasion and require radical cystectomy appear to have better pathologic and clinical outcome than patients presenting with clinical muscle invasive disease de novo. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00345-012-0832-2Authors Ahmed F. Kotb, Department of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaEvan Kovac, Department of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaWassim Kassouf, Department of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaJoe Chin, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CanadaYves Fradet, Department ...

Global Access To Pain Relief Needs To Be Improved

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 11 Jan 2012 09:00:00 +0100

Jason Nickerson and Amir Attaran of the University of Ottawa, Canada examine in this week's PLoS Medicine the vast inequities in medical pain relief around the world, arguing that the imbalance has arisen from restrictive drug laws designed to prevent access to illegal substances, and proposing that the global control of licit narcotics be shifted from the International Narcotic Control Board to WHO... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Relationship between the body adiposity index and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese postmenopausal women

European Journal of Nutrition — Sat, 31 Dec 2011 16:48:55 +0100

Conclusions Estimating % body fat using the BAI seems to accurately trace variations of % body fat after weight loss. However, this index showed differences in predicting cardiometabolic risk factors when compared to % body fat measured using DXA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00394-011-0296-yAuthors Belinda Elisha, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaRémi Rabasa-Lhoret, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, CanadaVirginie Messier, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, QC, CanadaJoseph Abdulnour, School of Human Kinetic, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaAntony D. Karelis, Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québe...

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Epidemiology: allergy history, IgE, and cancer

Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 06:49:02 +0100

Abstract Numerous epidemiological studies have investigated potential associations between allergy history and cancer risk with strong inverse associations reported in studies of pancreatic cancer, glioma, and childhood leukemia. Recently, there has been a rapid expansion of the epidemiological literature both of studies evaluating self-reported allergy history in relation to cancer risk and of studies evaluating biological indicators of allergy history and immune function including levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E. However, there are several potential methodological limitations associated with prior studies, and further research is required to clarify associations observed. This paper summarizes the recent epidemiological literature examining associations between allergy h...

Heart experts warn of holiday heart attacks

CTV Health — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 19:28:27 +0100

Maybe it's the eggnog. Or maybe the Christmas feast. Or perhaps it's all that snow shovelling. Whatever the reason, the holidays tend to be a time when heart attacks spike. So experts at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute are warning Canadians to be on the lookout for the classic signs. (Source: CTV Health)

Casual sex has rules, Ottawa researcher finds

CTV Health — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 21:34:07 +0100

A University of Ottawa researcher says young people now have their own codes to describe sexual encounters outside committed relationships. (Source: CTV Health)

Erratum to: Bodyweight, gender, and quality of life: a population-based longitudinal study

Quality of Life Research — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 18:42:00 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0074-6Authors Rochelle E. Garner, Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDavid H. Feeny, The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227-1110, USAAmanda Thompson, Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaJulie Bernier, Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaBentson H. McFarland, Departments of Psychiatry and Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USANathalie Huguet, School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USAMark S. Kaplan, School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USAHeathe...

Understanding the health impact of caregiving: a qualitative study of immigrant parents and single parents of children with cancer

Quality of Life Research — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 09:21:02 +0100

Conclusion Parents of children with cancer can experience a range of health problems due to the emotional impact of a cancer diagnosis and the intensive and often prolonged nature of treatment and aftercare. Given the central role parents play as caregivers, it is crucial to understand the health impact of caregiving so that supportive interventions can be implemented as necessary. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0072-8Authors Anne F. Klassen, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, HSC 3N27, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4J9, CanadaSonia Gulati, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 3A, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, CanadaLeeat Granek, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 3A, 1200 Main ...

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Factors affecting consent in pediatric critical care research

Intensive Care Medicine — Sat, 26 Nov 2011 06:42:05 +0100

Conclusion This study provides future researchers with consent data for determination of recruitment rates, sample sizes, budget estimations, and study timelines. Future pediatric critical care studies should consider incorporating the lower consent rates in cardiac surgery patients and routine introduction of the research assistant to the family by a member of the patient’s care team into their study designs. The potential influence of parental factors on consent rates in pediatric critical care studies requires further research. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Ethics and Regulation of ICU Clinical ResearchPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00134-011-2412-0Authors Kusum Menon, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CanadaRoxanne E. Ward, Children’s H...

Experimental evidence is available for safe cooling limits from exertional heat stroke

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 17:58:28 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00421-011-2252-1Authors Daniel Gagnon, Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Room 367 Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaGlen P. Kenny, Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Room 367 Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada Journal European Journal of Applied PhysiologyOnline ISSN 1439-6327Print ISSN 1439-6319 (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)

Stage-dependent differential expression of microRNAs in colorectal cancer: potential role as markers of metastatic disease

Clinical and Experimental Metastasis — Fri, 25 Nov 2011 17:57:09 +0100

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that bind complementary sequences in mRNA resulting in translation repression and/or mRNA degradation. We investigated expression of the reported metastasis-associated miRs-335, 206, 135a, 146a, 146b, 10b, 21, let7a and let7b in normal mucosa, non-metastatic and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Expression of target miRs in micro-dissected paraffin embedded tissues was evaluated in 15 primary tumours with adjacent normal tissue from patients that were disease-free at 4 years (cohort A) and 19 paired primary tumours with corresponding liver metastases (cohort B) by quantitative real-time PCR. Increased expression of miR-21, mir-135a and miR-335 was associated with clinical progression of CRC, while miR-206 demonstrat...

Persistency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum cultures and clinical outcomes in adult patients with cystic fibrosis

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 16:40:48 +0100

Abstract Our objective was to describe the natural history of infection with transmissible and unique strains of P. aeruginosa (PA) in adult CF patients and to determine if clearance of PA from sputum was associated with an improvement in clinical status. This was a 3-year prospective cohort study of adult patients with CF. Sputum was collected at baseline and annually. Rate of decline of FEV1, BMI, exacerbation rate, and time to death or transplant were compared between patients who cleared PA versus those in whom PA was persistent. A total of 373 patients were included in the study, 75% were infected with PA at baseline; 24% were infected with transmissible strains and 51% with unique strains. Patients infected with unique strains were more likely to clear PA from their s...

Anatomical distribution of vertebral fractures: comparison of pediatric and adult spines

Osteoporosis International — Wed, 23 Nov 2011 16:40:37 +0100

Conclusions These results suggest that the anatomical distribution of VF differs between children and adults, perhaps relating to the different shape of the immature spine, notably the changing ratio of kyphosis to lordosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1837-1Authors K. Siminoski, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 6628-123 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6H 3T6K.-C. Lee, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaH. Jen, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaR. Warshawski, Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaM. A. Matzinger, Department...

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Renal mucormycosis in aplastic anemia: a novel presentation

International Urology and Nephrology — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:59:44 +0100

We describe the case of a 20-year-old man with such a rare association. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Nephrology - Case ReportPages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s11255-011-0078-8Authors Ashish Khandelwal, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaPreeti Gupta, CGHS, New Delhi, IndiaAnkur Gupta, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaVivek Virmani, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Journal International Urology and NephrologyOnline ISSN 1573-2584Print ISSN 0301-1623 (Source: International Urology and Nephrology)

Link Between Childhood Aggression And Poorer Adult Health

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 08:00:00 +0100

Childhood aggression is strongly linked to poorer health in adults and to higher use of health services, according to a new study in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).. Researchers from UniversitÃ© de Sherbrooke and Concordia University, Quebec, the University of California (Davis) and the University of Ottawa looked at data from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project to determine the impact of childhood aggression on health service usage in adulthood... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Executive summary of the report by the WPA section on pharmacopsychiatry on general and comparative efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressants in the acute treatment of depressive disorders

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 16:53:51 +0100

Abstract Current gold standard in the treatment of depression includes pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic strategies together with social support. Due to the actually discussed controversies concerning the differential efficacy of antidepressants, a contribution to a comprehensive clarification seems to be necessary to avert further deterioration and uncertainty from patients, relatives, and their treating psychiatrists and general practitioners. Both efficacy and clinical effectiveness of antidepressants in the treatment of depressive disorders can be confirmed. Clinically meaningful antidepressant treatment effects were confirmed in different types of studies. Methodological issues of randomized controlled studies, meta-analyses, and effectiveness studies will be ...

World's First Bedside Genetic Test Proves Effective

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 09:00:00 +0100

Tailored anti-platelet therapy, made possible through a novel point-of-care genetic test, optimizes treatment for patients who carry a common genetic variant, researchers at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (UOHI) have found. A UOHI clinical trial known as RAPID GENE studied 200 patients undergoing coronary stent implantation for acute coronary syndrome or stable angina... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Negative predictive value of intravenous contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen for patients presenting to the emergency department with undifferentiated upper abdominal pain

Emergency Radiology — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 17:44:56 +0100

Abstract The purpose of this study is to calculate the negative predictive value (NPV) CT of the abdomen in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with undifferentiated upper abdominal pain. Approved by the hospital research ethics board, this retrospective study examined consecutive patients presenting to the ED with undifferentiated upper abdominal pain whose intravenous contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen was reported as “normal” from June 2006–August 2010. Exclusion criteria included active malignancy, trauma, and known inflammatory bowel disease. True-negative (TN) vs. false-negative (FN) cases were categorized by consensus opinion of radiologist and emergency physician using a composite reference standard including clinical, laboratory, imaging, s...

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World's first bedside genetic test proves effective

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Ottawa Heart Institute) World's first bedside genetic test proves effective: Canadian heart researchers' pioneering "proof-of-concept" study holds promising implications for all areas of medicine. Tailored anti-platelet therapy, made possible through a novel point-of-care genetic test, optimizes treatment for patients who carry a common genetic variant, researchers at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute have found. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

General and comparative efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressants in the acute treatment of depressive disorders: a report by the WPA section of pharmacopsychiatry

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 06:06:00 +0100

Abstract Current gold standard approaches to the treatment of depression include pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic interventions with social support. Due to current controversies concerning the efficacy of antidepressants in randomized controlled trials, the generalizability of study findings to wider clinical practice and the increasing importance of socioeconomic considerations, it seems timely to address the uncertainty of concerned patients and relatives, and their treating psychiatrists and general practitioners. We therefore discuss both the efficacy and clinical effectiveness of antidepressants in the treatment of depressive disorders. We explain and clarify useful measures for assessing clinically meaningful antidepressant treatment effects and the types of...

A Canadian Retrospective Spanning 3 Decades Concludes That Heart Transplant Surgery Is Safe And Effective

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 25 Oct 2011 08:00:00 +0100

Heart transplantation is a very safe and effective therapy, according to a new long-term study presented at the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress 2011, co-hosted by the Heart and Stroke Foundation and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Researchers at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute heart transplant program revealed results from 25 years of follow-up on a total of 461 transplant patients. Mean age at transplant was 49 Â±13 years. Patients were followed and managed according to guidelines in effect at the time... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Heart transplant surgery safe and effective: A Canadian retrospective spanning 3 decades

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada) Researchers at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute heart transplant program revealed results from 25 years of follow-up on a total of 461 transplant patients. Mean age at transplant was 49 ±13 years. Patients were followed and managed according to guidelines in effect at the time.They found that survival rates have improved by more than 20 percent over the years since modern heart transplantation became available in 1980. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Fighting Cancer With Oncolytic Viruses

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 08:00:00 +0100

Oncolytic virology uses live viruses to sense the genetic difference between a tumor and normal cell. Once the virus finds a tumor cell, it replicates inside that cell, kills it and then spreads to adjacent tumor cells to seed a therapeutic "chain reaction". As reported in Cancer Cell, Dr. David Stojdl, a scientist from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute at the University of Ottawa has found a way to trick resistant cancer cells into committing suicide following oncolytic virus therapy... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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CHEO scientist advances biotherapeutics as published in Cancer Cell

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute) Dr. David Stojdl, a scientist from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute at the University of Ottawa has found a way to trick resistant cancer cells into committing suicide following oncolytic virus therapy. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

The effects of gill remodeling on transepithelial sodium fluxes and the distribution of presumptive sodium-transporting ionocytes in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Mon, 17 Oct 2011 16:00:22 +0100

In this study, the effects of thermal- and hypoxia-mediated gill remodeling on branchial Na+ fluxes and the distribution of putative Na+-transporting ionocytes in goldfish were assessed. When assessed either in vitro (isolated gill arches) or in vivo at a common water temperature, the presence of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) in fish acclimated to 7°C clearly decreased Na+ efflux across the gill relative to fish maintained at 25°C and lacking an ILCM. However, loss of the ILCM in 7°C-acclimated fish exposed to hypoxia led to a decrease in Na+ efflux (assessed under hypoxic conditions) despite the apparent large increases in functional lamellar surface area. Goldfish possessing an ILCM were able to sustain Na+ uptake, albeit at a lower rate matched to efflux, owing to the re-dist...

Compensatory regulation of acid–base balance during salinity transfer in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Tue, 11 Oct 2011 15:54:14 +0100

Abstract In seawater-acclimated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), base secretion into the intestine is a key component of the intestinal water absorption that offsets osmotic water loss to the marine environment. Acid–base balance is maintained by the matched excretion of acid equivalents via other routes, presumably the gill and/or kidney. The goal of the present study was to examine acid–base balance in rainbow trout upon transfer to more dilute environments, conditions under which base excretion into the intestine is predicted to fall, requiring compensatory adjustments of acid excretion at the gill and/or kidney if acid–base balance is to be maintained. Net acid excretion via the gill/kidney and rectal fluid, and blood acid–base status were monitored in seawa...

The associations among economic hardship, caregiver psychological distress, disease activity, and health-related quality of life in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Quality of Life Research — Tue, 11 Oct 2011 05:51:18 +0100

Conclusions Findings suggest that caregiver financial hardship and psychological distress as well as children’s disease activity may impact children’s HRQOL. By providing psychological help to parents, offering information regarding financial resources in the community and by ensuring disease control, especially when the disease is severe, health providers may improve children’s health outcomes. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-0033-2Authors Karine Toupin April, Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Room 201, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaSabrina Cavallo, Département de médecine sociale et préventive and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l’Université de Montréal (IRSPU...

Household Emergency Preparedness: A Literature Review

Journal of Community Health — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 16:00:19 +0100

Abstract Global policies on disaster risk reduction have highlighted individual and community responsibilities and roles in reducing risk and promoting coping capacity. Strengthening local preparedness is viewed as an essential element in effective response and recovery. This paper presents a synthesis of available literature on household preparedness published over the past 15 years. It emphasizes the complexity of preparedness, involving personal and contextual factors such as health status, self-efficacy, community support, and the nature of the emergency. In addition, people require sufficient knowledge, motivation and resources to engage in preparedness activities. Social networks have been identified as one such resource which contributes to resilience. A predom...

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The glucocorticoid stress response is repeatable between years in a wild teleost fish

Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:48:09 +0100

This study serves as an important validation for the use of post-stress cortisol concentrations as an individual trait. However, the effect size of repeatability was lower than that found in other taxa. Results also bring forth the reality that environmental variables such as temperature must be considered in studies where these factors can vary, such as when sampling wild animals at liberty. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00359-011-0680-3Authors K. V. Cook, Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, CanadaC. M. O’Connor, Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Biology Department, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa,...

Long term effects on the lowering of intraocular pressure: selective laser or argon laser trabeculoplasty?

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS: The IOP-lowering effect of SLT and ALT was similar over 5 years in this group of patients with open-angle glaucoma on MTMT. PMID: 21995983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology)

Specific loss of Toll-like receptor 2 on bone marrow derived cells decreases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor null mice * The senior author, Stewart C. Whitman, passed away on 19 February 2010. The manuscript has been communicated by Ross W. Milne (e-mail: rmilne@ottawaheart.ca ) and Yves L. Marcel (e-mail: ylmarcel@ottawaheart.ca ), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:56:20 +0100

Specific loss of Toll-like receptor 2 on bone marrow derived cells decreases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor null mice * The senior author, Stewart C. Whitman, passed away on 19 February 2010. The manuscript has been communicated by Ross W. Milne (e-mail: rmilne@ottawaheart.ca ) and Yves L. Marcel (e-mail: ylmarcel@ottawaheart.ca ), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;89(10):737-42 Authors: Hasu M, Thabet M, Tam N, Whitman SC Abstract Innate immunity and, notably, Toll-like receptors (TLR), have an important role in atherogenesis. We have tested the hypothesis that the selective loss of TLR-2 by cells of bone marrow (BM) origin will protect low-density receptor-deficient (Ldlr (-/-)) mice fro...

From theory to practice: a Canadian case study of the utility of climate change adaptation frameworks to address health impacts

International Journal of Public Health — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 13:43:11 +0100

Conclusions Risk management activities such as population health assessments, surveillance and public education and outreach can address many key risks related to climate hazards when information about the risks, vulnerable populations and time scales is made available to health officials. The development, analysis and transfer of this information should be considered a priority at all levels within the public health sector. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00038-011-0292-2Authors Kaila-Lea Clarke, Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CanadaPeter Berry, Water, Air and Climate Change Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada Journal International Journal of Public HealthOnline ISSN 1661-8564Print ISSN 16...

Canadian Research Chair In e-Health Encourages Broader Data Sharing

Health News from Medical News Today — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 07:00:00 +0100

The demand for transparency through publicly available healthcare data is on the rise. This is the case for administrative and clinical data for research, and for clinical trials data used to support new drug approvals. Broad data access has a measurable impact on research and policy making. A new report by Dr. Khaled El Emam, the Canada Research Chair in Electronic Health Information at the University of Ottawa and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, looks at the creation of clinical public use microdata files (PUMFs)... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Effect of colchicine compared with placebo on high sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with acute coronary syndrome or acute stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis — Thu, 15 Sep 2011 05:46:31 +0100

In conclusion, our pilot study provided no evidence that colchicine 1 mg daily for 30 days compared with placebo suppresses inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome or acute ischemic stroke. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11239-011-0637-yAuthors Nina C. Raju, Pathology Queensland and Department of Internal Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaQilong Yi, Canadian Blood Services and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CanadaMark Nidorf, Sir Charles Gairdner Heart Research Institute, Perth, AustraliaNick D. Fagel, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsRajesh Hiralal, McMaster University, Hamilton, CanadaJohn W. Eikelboom, Population Health Research Unit, Hamilton, Canada Journal Journal of Thrombosis and...

Transtibial Ertl amputation for children and adolescents: a case series and literature review

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 15:51:25 +0100

Conclusions The original Ertl osteomyoplasty may serve as one of the options for treatment of trans-tibial amputation in older children. Clinical relevance Our results suggest that the Ertl osteomyoplasty is a feasible option in this challenging patient population. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Clinical ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11832-011-0364-0Authors Gregory Bodley Firth, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, CanadaJulio Javier Masquijo, Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, CanadaKen Kon...

Specific loss of Toll-like receptor 2 on bone marrow derived cells decreases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor null mice * The senior author, Stewart C. Whitman, passed away on 19 February 2010. The manuscript has been communicated by Ross W. Milne (e-mail: rmilne@ottawaheart.ca ) and Yves L. Marcel (e-mail: ylmarcel@ottawaheart.ca ), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hasu M, Thabet M, Tam N, Whitman SC Abstract Innate immunity and, notably, Toll-like receptors (TLR), have an important role in atherogenesis. We have tested the hypothesis that the selective loss of TLR-2 by cells of bone marrow (BM) origin will protect low-density receptor-deficient (Ldlr (-/-)) mice from both early- and late-stage atherosclerosis. BM cells from Tlr2(+/+) and Tlr2(-/-) littermates were used to reconstitute lethally irradiated Ldlr(-/-) mice. Following a recovery period, mice were placed either on a diet containing 21% saturated fat - 0.15% cholesterol for 8 weeks to study early-stage atherosclerosis, or on a diet richer in cholesterol (1.5%) for 16 weeks to study late-stage atherosclerosis. Donor cell Tlr2 genotype did not alter serum cholesterol level...

The ‘Ability’ Paradigm in Vocational Rehabilitation: Challenges in an Ontario Injured Worker Retraining Program

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation — Mon, 05 Sep 2011 16:16:06 +0100

Conclusions This study reinforces how the shift in disability management paradigm to a focus on ability and return to work requires consideration of environmental conditions, including policies and programs and implementation. A focus on the environment in which worker ability can be enacted might be as important as a focus on improving individual worker characteristics. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s10926-011-9329-xAuthors E. MacEachen, Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON M5G 1R5, CanadaA. Kosny, Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON M5G 1R5, CanadaS. Ferrier, Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON M5G 1R5, CanadaK. Lippel, University of Ottawa, Ott...

Delivering Viruses To Try And Kill Tumors

NPR Health and Science — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 17:00:00 +0100

Writing in the journal Nature, researchers report some early success using a systemically delivered, engineered virus to try and kill cancer tumors. University of Ottawa professor of medicine John Bell explains the study and the response of patients who received the virus.» E-Mail This » Add to Del.icio.us (Source: NPR Health and Science)

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World's Largest Cardiac Arrest Trial Shows Longer Initial Paramedic CPR Provides No Benefit

Health News from Medical News Today — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 08:00:00 +0100

A study involving nearly 10,000 cardiac arrest patients from 10 North American regions has shown that extending the period of initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by paramedics and firefighters from one to three minutes provides no benefit. The study, led by Dr. Ian Stiell of the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), the University of Ottawa (uOttawa) and the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC), resolves a worldwide controversy about cardiac arrest care. It is the largest randomized cardiac arrest trial in the world, published in the New England Journal of Medicine... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Engineered virus 'attacks cancer cells'

NHS News Feed — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 11:26:00 +0100

Conclusion This research examined the ability of a genetically engineered virus to target specific tumour tissue with anti-cancer proteins. It was a small preliminary study in humans, which aimed to determine whether or not the delivery method was feasible, and whether it would be tolerated by patients. The results indicate that using the JX-594 virus to target cancer cells is feasible and seems to be safe in the short term. However, this method will require extensive testing in larger and longer-term trials before the benefits and risks are fully understood. It is important to point out that the ability of the JX-594 virus to replicate and express proteins is dependent on the presence of a specific set of biochemical processes (called a pathway) within the cancer cells. Not all cancers po...

Implementing an Evidence-Based Parenting Program in Community Agencies: What Helps and What Gets in the Way?

Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research — Sun, 28 Aug 2011 05:36:25 +0100

Abstract Adoption of evidence-based programs for families by community agencies requires an understanding of variables that influence implementation. Managers and service providers from 64 community agencies reported on variables that affected the implementation of Triple P, an evidence-based parenting program. Both types of stakeholders reported adequate office resources; over half the managers and over two-thirds of service providers reported adequate training. Adequate office resources and positive agency characteristics, including organizational climate, were associated with higher program usage. Service providers’ reports of the variables impacted their individual adherence rates; managers had broader perspectives of the quality of implementation in their organizati...

The health and housing in transition study: a longitudinal study of the health of homeless and vulnerably housed adults in three Canadian cities

International Journal of Public Health — Fri, 19 Aug 2011 16:01:45 +0100

Conclusions Our findings suggest that, regardless of housing status, participants had extremely poor overall health. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-15DOI 10.1007/s00038-011-0283-3Authors Stephen W. Hwang, Centre for Research on Inner City Health, The Keenan Research Centre at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, CanadaTim Aubry, Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaAnita Palepu, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Studies, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaSusan Farrell, Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Ottawa, ON, CanadaRosane Nisenbaum, Centre for Researc...

Bodyweight, gender, and quality of life: a population-based longitudinal study

Quality of Life Research — Sat, 13 Aug 2011 06:06:27 +0100

Conclusions Given that excess weight is a risk factor for mortality and the development of chronic conditions, the HRQL results for men are surprising. The HRQL results for women may reflect both the importance of body image on mental health and the health effects of excess weight. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s11136-011-9989-1Authors Rochelle E. Garner, Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDavid H. Feeny, The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227-1110, USAAmanda Thompson, Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaJulie Bernier, Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaBentson H. McFarland, Departments of Psyc...

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Genetic Testing for Early Detection of Individuals at Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Monitoring Response to Therapy: Challenges and Promises

Current Atherosclerosis Reports — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 15:40:37 +0100

Most Canadians Can Be Uniquely Identified From Their Date Of Birth And Postal Code

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 07:00:00 +0100

There are increasing pressures for health care providers to make individual-level data readily available for research and policy making. But Canadians are more likely to allow the sharing of their personal data if they believe that their privacy is protected. A new report by Dr. Khaled El Emam, the Canada Research Chair in Electronic Health Information at the University of Ottawa and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, suggests that Canadians can be uniquely identified from their date of birth, postal code, and gender... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Proposed 2011 American College of Rheumatology Recommendations for the Use of Non-pharmacologic and Pharmacologic Therapies in Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip and Knee

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism — Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: These draft 2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the management of patients with hand, hip and knee OA are based on the best available evidence of benefit and safety of both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions informing the consensus judgment of clinical experts from a wide range of disciplines balancing the benefits and harms of these treatments and incorporating their preferences and values. It is hoped that these recommendations will be utilized by primary care providers in the management of their patients with osteoarthritis. (Source: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder: evidence for a biological link

Diabetologia — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:48:14 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Shared biological vulnerabilities may be implicated in the comorbidity of type 1 diabetes and MDD. Further research is warranted to determine the magnitude of associations and confirm their observation in clinical populations. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00125-011-2240-3Authors D. J. Korczak, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Rm 1145 Burton Wing, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8S. Pereira, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaK. Koulajian, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaA. Matejcek, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaA. Giacca, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toron...

Renal cocktail: too hard for a diabetic

International Urology and Nephrology — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:01:12 +0100

Abstract We herein report a case of a 67-year-old diabetic woman who presented with a history of fatigue for 1 month. Her investigations showed proteinuria, active urine sediment, p-ANCA positivity and worsened renal functions. A diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis was made. Renal biopsy revealed class V (membranous) lupus nephritis with superimposed ANCA-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis. She was treated with steroids and cyclophosphamide. Two months later, she presented with cytomegalovirus colitis and deep vein thrombosis of right leg. The case reflects an interesting renal pathology, and complications of the disease per se and its treatment. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s11255-011-0037-4Authors Ankur Gupta, Departme...

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Physicians Reluctant To Share Patient Data

Health News from Medical News Today — Sun, 10 Jul 2011 07:00:00 +0100

Family doctors are reluctant to disclose identifiable patient information, even in the context of an influenza pandemic, mostly in an effort to protect patient privacy. A recently published study by Dr. Khaled El Emam the Canada Research Chair in Electronic Health Information at the University of Ottawa and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute recently found that during the peak of the H1N1 pandemic in 2009, there was still reluctance to report detailed patient information for public health purposes... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Right internal mammary extensive atherosclerosis: a rare incidental finding

Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery — Fri, 08 Jul 2011 05:46:56 +0100

Abstract Extensive mammary artery atherosclerosis is a rare finding with isolated reports in patients with peripheral vascular disease and after correction of aortic coarctation. The current case represents a rare finding of extensive atherosclerosis in a native right mammary artery in a patient without prior known vasculopathy. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s12055-011-0108-2Authors Elsayed Mohamed Elmistekawy, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CanadaEric Charles Belanger, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CanadaFraser Douglas Rubens, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Journ...

Docs averse to sharing patient data, even for public health

Healthcare IT News — Thu, 07 Jul 2011 20:14:44 +0100

When it comes to disclosing identifiable patient information, family doctors are reluctant to do so – even for public health purposes such as tracking influenza, according to a recent study. read more (Source: Healthcare IT News)

An evaluation of the Acute Critical Events Simulation (ACES) course for family medicine residents.

Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine — Tue, 05 Jul 2011 07:30:03 +0100

Conclusion: The ACES course achieved its aims, and participants reported positive outcomes. This highly interactive, simulation-based program may help prepare residents for work in rural or remote communities with critically ill patients. PMID: 21718625 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine)

Is transferring an educational innovation actually a process of transformation?

Advances in Health Sciences Education — Sat, 02 Jul 2011 21:32:11 +0100

This study is an autoethnography of our research team’s implementation process. Autoethnographies are personalized accounts where authors draw on their own experiences to extend understanding of a particular topic. To conduct this autoethnography, we used an in-depth, interactive interview with the piloting clinician educator. In the analysis of TBL’s fundamental principles, some aspects of the principles transferred easily, while others were transformed. Analysis raised concerns that the transformations threatened the foundational principles of TBL. While an educational innovation’s techniques may seem to be surface structures, they are realizations of deeper fundamental principles. The fundamental principles are themselves realizations of the innovation’s foundational philo...

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Analysis of the mouse 129-strain Nkrp1-Clr gene cluster reveals conservation of genomic organization and functional receptor–ligand interactions despite significant allelic polymorphism

Immunogenetics — Sat, 11 Jun 2011 06:33:38 +0100

Abstract The Nkrp1 (Klrb) family of NK cell receptors and their genetically linked Clr (Clec2) ligands are conserved between rodents and humans. Nonetheless, certain mouse and rat Nkrp1 genes exhibit significant allelic polymorphism between inbred strains. We previously demonstrated that the Nkrp1–Clr recognition system is genetically and functionally conserved between the B6 and BALB/c strains, with focused sequence divergence evident in certain genes (e.g., Nkrp1b,c). Here, we extend this finding by mapping the 129-strain Nkrp1–Clr gene cluster, which is structurally conserved yet displays significant sequence divergence relative to the B6 haplotype. In addition, we show that 129-strain NK cells possess comparable Nkrp1 and Clr transcript expression, and characterize sev...

HIV Knowledge Among Canadian-Born and Sub-Saharan African-Born Patients Living with HIV

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health — Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:50:52 +0100

This study examined HIV knowledge among persons living with HIV who were either born in Canada or in sub-Saharan Africa and, for comparison, in a sample of college students. All participants were residing in Canada. Participants completed questionnaires measuring demographic variables, sexual health behaviour, and HIV status, treatment, and knowledge. Canadian-born patients living with HIV were more likely to be older and male than the other groups. On average, patients living with HIV were diagnosed 6.4 years ago, and 80% reported having current or previous experience taking HIV medications. After adjusting for age and gender, significant differences were found between the groups on the Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. Canadian-born persons living with HIV (n = 110...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Regeneration

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 05:57:22 +0100

Abstract Despite recent studies suggesting that the heart has instrinsic mechanisms of self-regeneration following myocardial infarction, it cannot regenerate itself to an optimal level. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being investigated for regeneration of mesenchyme-derived tissues, such as bone, cartilage and tendon. In vitro evidence suggests that MSCs can also differentiate into cardiomyogenic and vasculogenic lineages, offering another cell source for cardiovascular regeneration. In vivo, MSCs may contribute to the re-growth and protection of vasculature and cardiomyocytes, mediated by paracrine actions, and/or persist within the myocardium in a differentiated state; although proof of cardiomyocytic phenotype and functional integration remains elusive. He...

Health Status, Quality of Life, Residential Stability, Substance Use, and Health Care Utilization among Adults Applying to a Supportive Housing Program

Journal of Urban Health — Fri, 03 Jun 2011 05:56:03 +0100

Variability in the clinical management of fatty acid oxidation disorders: results of a survey of Canadian metabolic physicians

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease — Wed, 01 Jun 2011 06:00:11 +0100

Conclusions Based on our findings we suggest that high priority treatments for rigorous effectiveness studies could include L-carnitine supplementation (MCAD and LCHAD/MTP deficiencies), restriction of dietary fat, and, for the long-chain disorders, feeding practices for breastfed infants and the use of various supplements (essential fatty acids, carbohydrates, cornstarch, multivitamins). Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10545-011-9352-2Authors Beth K. Potter, Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5Julian Little, Department of Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5Pranesh Chakraborty, Newborn Screening Ontario ...

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Characterization of mitral valve prolapse with cardiac computed tomography: comparison to echocardiographic and intraoperative findings

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging — Sat, 21 May 2011 23:22:07 +0100

Abstract A single imaging modality that can accurately assess both coronary anatomy and mitral valve (MV) anatomy prior to surgery may be desirable. We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac computed tomography (CT) to detect and characterize mitral valve prolapse (MVP) compared to echocardiography. Consecutive patients referred for ‘single-source’ cardiac CT for investigation prior to non-coronary cardiac sugery were identified. MV anatomy was assessed for MVP and results were compared to echocardiography and to intra-operative visual assessment of the MV. Comparison between the three modalities was performed at the per-patient, per-leaflet and per-scallop levels. A total of 67 consecutive patients that were referred for Cardiac CT prior to non-coronar...

Novel Gene Linked To Aging Hearts Discovered By Molecular Researchers

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 18 May 2011 10:00:00 +0100

Researchers at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (UOHI) have identified a novel gene in the nucleus of muscle and brain cells that affects heart development and the aging process. Their investigation brings the promise of new treatments for an old, failing heart. "We know that aging is the greatest predictor of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. So we have been working backward in time, looking at the fetal heart to understand changes in the process as it ages, grows frail and fails," said molecular biologist Patrick Burgon, PhD... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Molecular researchers discover novel gene linked to aging hearts

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 17 May 2011 04:00:00 +0100

(University of Ottawa Heart Institute) Researchers at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute have identified a novel gene in the nucleus of muscle and brain cells that affects heart development and the aging process. Their investigation brings the promise of new treatments for an old, failing heart. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

Heart rate variability and baroreceptor sensitivity following exercise-induced hyperthermia in endurance trained men

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Mon, 16 May 2011 15:46:13 +0100

Abstract We evaluated the effect of exercise-induced hyperthermia (EIH) on autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in the early (<80 min) and late (24 and 48 h) stages of recovery. Eight males underwent three repeated 6 min 70° head-up tilts (HUT1, HUT2 and HUT3), each separated by 10-min supine rest in a non-exercise/non-heat stress control state (NHS). On a separate day, three 6 min 70° HUT were performed following EIH (esophageal temperature ≥40°C) and repeated after 24 and 48 h of recovery. Heart rate, stroke volume (SV), mean arterial pressure and cardiac output ( × Q ) were evaluated during the last min prior to a change in posture. Responses to 70° HUT were compared to the same challenge performed without prior exercise ...

Anemia and community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia

Infection — Tue, 10 May 2011 05:55:23 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s15010-011-0122-8Authors S. M. Doshi, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USAA. M. Rueda, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USAV. F. Corrales-Medina, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaD. M. Musher, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC), Houston, TX, USA Journal InfectionOnline ISSN 1439-0973Print ISSN 0300-8126 (Source: Infection)

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Parkinson’s disease-linked LRRK2 is expressed in circulating and tissue immune cells and upregulated following recognition of microbial structures

Journal of Neural Transmission — Fri, 06 May 2011 16:18:16 +0100

Abstract Sequence variants at or near the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) locus have been associated with susceptibility to three human conditions: Parkinson's disease (PD), Crohn’s disease and leprosy. As all three disorders represent complex diseases with evidence of inflammation, we hypothesized a role for LRRK2 in immune cell functions. Here, we report that full-length Lrrk2 is a relatively common constituent of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) including affinity isolated, CD14+ monocytes, CD19+ B cells, and CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. Up to 26% of PBMC from healthy donors and up to 43% of CD14+ monocytes were stained by anti-Lrrk2 antibodies using cell sorting. PBMC lysates contained full-length (>260 kDa) and higher molecular weight Lrrk2...

Age and androgen-deprivation therapy on exercise outcomes in men with prostate cancer

Supportive Care in Cancer — Tue, 03 May 2011 05:56:19 +0100

Conclusion Changes in body composition and physical fitness following a 24-week exercise program in men with prostate cancer are not influenced by age and/or ADT. Resistance training appears to attenuate the age-related decrease in lean mass and increase in body fat in older patients with prostate cancer and those receiving ADT. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00520-011-1169-xAuthors Angela S. Alberga, Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaRoanne J. Segal, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Ottawa Hospital, The Integrated Cancer Program, Ottawa, ON K1H 6N5, CanadaRobert D. Reid, Minto Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ot...

Skeletal findings in children recently initiating glucocorticoids for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome

Osteoporosis International — Thu, 14 Apr 2011 16:59:07 +0100

Conclusions Although we identified an inverse relationship between steroid exposure and LS BMD soon after glucocorticoid initiation for childhood nephrotic syndrome, there was only a low rate of vertebral deformities. The clinical significance of these findings requires further study. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00198-011-1621-2Authors J. Feber, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaI. Gaboury, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, CanadaA. Ni, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, CanadaN. Alos, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaS. Arora, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL. Bell, McGill University, Montréal, QC, CanadaT. Blydt-Hansen, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaC. Clarso...

Enhancement of serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the rat hippocampus by sustained administration of bupropion

Psychopharmacology — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 06:09:37 +0100

Conclusion Enhancement of 5-HT and NE transmissions in hippocampus by prolonged bupropion may account for its effectiveness in major depression. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00213-011-2260-1Authors Ramez Ghanbari, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Room 6411, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4 ON CanadaMostafa El Mansari, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Room 6411, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4 ON CanadaPierre Blier, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Room 6411, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4 ON Canada Journal PsychopharmacologyOnline ISSN 1432-2072Print ISSN 0033-3158 (Source: Psychopharmacology)

Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of an enzymatic protein hydrolysate from yellow field pea seeds

European Journal of Nutrition — Sun, 27 Mar 2011 05:48:47 +0100

Conclusions Enzymatic protein degradation confers anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating potentials to pea proteins, and the resulted peptides could be used as an alternative therapy for the prevention of inflammatory-related diseases. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00394-011-0186-3Authors Fatou Ndiaye, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, R2057 Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, CanadaTri Vuong, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, R2057 Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, CanadaJairo Duarte, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, R2057 Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON ...

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Analysis of (R)- and (S)-[11C]rolipram Kinetics in Canine Myocardium for the Evaluation of Phosphodiesterase-4 with PET

Molecular Imaging and Biology — Sat, 19 Mar 2011 06:48:35 +0100

Conclusion An important fraction (~65%) of the V T of (R)-[11C]rolipram at baseline reflects specific binding. Thus, the latter may be a useful index of phosphodiesterase-4 levels in canine myocardium. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s11307-011-0482-6Authors Mireille Lortie, Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1Y 4W7Jean N. DaSilva, Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1Y 4W7Miran Kenk, Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1Y 4W7Stephanie Thorn, Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1Y 4W7Darryl Davis, Cardiac PE...

Software shields patient information when used for research

ICMCC: The International Council on Medical and Care Compunetics — Thu, 17 Mar 2011 15:13:53 +0100

Source: Technology for Doctors Online Content: “New technology developed by an Ottawa doctor will shield the privacy of patients by making their records anonymous while opening up their medical histories to researchers. Dr. Khaled El Emam (pictured), who is Canada Research Chair for electronic health information at the University of Ottawa, has built software that [...] (Source: ICMCC: The International Council on Medical and Care Compunetics)

Correlation between Refractive Error, Corneal Power, and Thickness in a Large Population with a Wide Range of Ametropia [Clinical and Epidemiologic Research]

Investigative Ophthalmology — Thu, 10 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. In the myopia group, the KM showed close correspondence with KA and an inverse relationship with SE and CCT. In hyperopes, an inverse correlation between the KM and SE was found, but no correlation with CCT was evident. (Source: Investigative Ophthalmology)

Landmark study links 13 new genes to heart disease

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Sun, 06 Mar 2011 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Ottawa Heart Institute) Insight into the complex biological mechanisms that cause heart disease has taken a major step forward with the discovery of 13 new genes that increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The influence of the majority of the new genes is independent of other established risk factors, suggesting new, unsuspected causes of CAD. The discovery more than doubles the number of genes known to affect the progression of heart disease. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Pediatric cervical spine marrow T2 hyperintensity: a systematic analysis

Skeletal Radiology — Thu, 03 Mar 2011 07:31:28 +0100

Conclusion Vertebral body marrow T2 hyperintensity was most common endosteally and in the mid-cervical spine with a slight peak in adolescence. We therefore believe that these pediatric cervical marrow changes may be related to rapid bone growth at the point of maximal kyphotic stress. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00256-011-1099-1Authors Ron Gefen, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cooper University Hospital, Candem, NJ USAMark E. Schweitzer, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CanadaNogah Shabshin, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Israel Journal Skeletal RadiologyOnline ISSN 1432-2161Print ISSN 0364-2348 (Source: Skeletal Radiology)

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Risk factors of obesity in preschool children in an urban area in China

European Journal of Pediatrics — Wed, 02 Mar 2011 06:56:17 +0100

Abstract To assess risk factors of childhood obesity, we carried out a case–control study in ten kindergartens in Changsha, the capital city in the Chinese province of Hunan, between July 1 and December 31, 2007. Height and weight measurements were obtained from annual physical examinations for children attending these kindergartens. Obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force cutoff for body mass index (BMI). For each obese child, one child with normal BMI, matched by kindergarten class, sex, age (within 3 months), and height (within 3 cm) were chosen as controls. The parents of the study subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire about their children, including perinatal factors, infant feeding, and current lifestyle factors. Un...

[In Context] Michael Schlossmacher

Lancet Neurology — Tue, 22 Feb 2011 18:51:33 +0100

Michael Schlossmacher was raised in Vienna, Austria. After medical school, he moved to Boston, MA, USA, and joined Dennis Selkoe's laboratory at Harvard University to study Alzheimer's disease. After residency training (medicine and neurology), he focused on Parkinson's disease. Since 2007, he has been directing a laboratory at the University of Ottawa, Canada, focusing on biomarker discovery and identification of drug targets. (Source: Lancet Neurology)

Web-based software to assist in the localization of neuroanatomical lesions.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences — Sat, 19 Feb 2011 13:46:49 +0100

Conclusions: The results support our hypotheses that students using the application would perform better on the multiple choice question (MCQ) test and there would be an overall preference for its use. The demonstrated educational benefit of the application, in addition to the demand for such a resource expressed by the participants, warrant further investigation into the development of a neurological localization application. PMID: 21320829 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences)

Vitamin D depletion: of clinical significance in advanced cancer?

Supportive Care in Cancer — Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:51:14 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s00520-011-1117-9Authors Carol A. Stone, Our Lady’s Hospice and Care Services, Harold’s Cross, Dublin, IrelandRose Anne Kenny, Centre of Excellence for Successful Ageing, St James’ Hospital, Dublin, IrelandMartin Healy, Biochemistry Department, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, IrelandJ. Bernard Walsh, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandPeter G. Lawlor, Division of Palliative Care, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada Journal Supportive Care in CancerOnline ISSN 1433-7339Print ISSN 0941-4355 (Source: Supportive Care in Cancer)

Circulating androgens are influenced by parental nest defense in a wild teleost fish

Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:06:37 +0100

Abstract While social interactions influence vertebrate endocrine regulation, the dynamics of regulation in relation to specific behaviors have not been clearly elucidated. In the current study, we investigated whether androgens (testosterone) or glucocorticoids (cortisol) play a functional role in aggressive offspring defense behavior in wild smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), a teleost fish with sole paternal care. We measured circulating testosterone and cortisol concentrations in plasma samples taken from parental males following a simulated nest intrusion by a common nest predator, the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). To understand whether endocrine regulation changes across the parental care period, we looked both at males guarding fresh eggs and at males g...

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Rural residence and risk for perinatal depression: a Canadian pilot study

Archives of Women's Mental Health — Thu, 10 Feb 2011 19:56:26 +0100

Abstract Few studies have examined whether rural residence is associated with increased or decreased risk for postpartum depression (PPD). To address this research gap, this pilot study examined rates of depressive symptoms and perceived social support among women living in rural (population <10,000), semi-rural (population 10,000–20,000), and urban (downtown Toronto, population approximately 2.5 million) areas. Women were consecutively recruited at 25–35 weeks gestation from midwifery clinics and hospital-based prenatal care practices in two catchment areas and asked to complete a demographic questionnaire including postal code. On the basis of their responses, rural, semi-rural, and urban mothers were contacted by telephone at 36 weeks gestation (baseline...

Mineralocorticoid Actions in the Brain and Hypertension

Current Hypertension Reports — Mon, 07 Feb 2011 06:40:16 +0100

Abstract Mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the brain mediate central aldosterone-induced sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. Enzymes for biosynthesis of aldosterone are present in the brain, and aldosterone can be produced locally in the brain. Hypothalamic aldosterone levels increase in Dahl salt-sensitive rats on high-salt diet, and in Wistar rats with chronic central infusion of sodium-rich artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or with subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II. Functional studies using antagonists of MR, ENaC, and ouabain-like compounds (“ouabain”), as well as specific aldosterone synthase inhibitors, suggest that an increase in local synthesis of aldosterone via MR and ENaC in the brain increases “ouaba...

The role of randomized controlled trials in evidence-based urology

World Journal of Urology — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 09:24:41 +0100

Conclusions RCTs have significantly improved urologic practice. RCTs are superior to observational studies because of decreased risk of bias and confounding. To further advance clinical practice, clinical trials must play a predominant role and should be embraced by the urology community. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00345-011-0646-7Authors Luke T. Lavallée, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Ottawa University Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, CanadaDean Fergusson, The Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, CanadaRodney H. Breau, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Ottawa University Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada ...

Virtual reality ophthalmic surgical simulation as a feasible training and assessment tool: results of a multicentre study.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology — Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Subjects' level of training is a reliable predictor of their performance on the Eyesi anterior forceps and antitremor modules (p < 0.05), indicating the modules' construct validity. PMID: 21283159 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology)

Cell Signaling of Angiotensin II on Vascular Tone: Novel Mechanisms

Current Hypertension Reports — Fri, 28 Jan 2011 06:55:30 +0100

Abstract Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a pleiotropic hormone that influences the function of many cell types and regulates many organ systems. In the cardiovascular system, it is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases peripheral vascular resistance and elevates arterial pressure. It also promotes inflammation, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, which are important in vascular remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. The diverse actions of Ang II are mediated via AT1 and AT2 receptors, which couple to many signaling molecules, including small G proteins, phospholipases, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, phosphatases, tyrosine kinases, NADPH oxidase, and transcription factors. In general, acute Ang II stimulation induces vasoconstriction through changes in the intracellular free c...

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Modeling Neurodegeneration in Zebrafish

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports — Thu, 27 Jan 2011 01:08:36 +0100

Abstract The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has been established as an excellent vertebrate model for the study of developmental biology and gene function. It also has proven to be a valuable model to study human diseases. Here, we reviewed recent publications using zebrafish to study the pathology of human neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Alzheimer’s. These studies indicate that zebrafish genes and their human homologues have conserved functions with respect to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The characteristics of the zebrafish and the experimental approaches to which it is amenable make this species a useful complement to other animal models for the study of pathologic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and for the scr...

Exercise aggravates cardiovascular risks and mortality in rats with disrupted nitric oxide pathway and treated with recombinant human erythropoietin

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 20:23:00 +0100

Abstract Chronic administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) can generate serious cardiovascular side effects such as arterial hypertension (HTA) in clinical and sport fields. It is hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) can protect from noxious cardiovascular effects induced by chronic administration of rHuEPO. On this base, we studied the cardiovascular effects of chronic administration of rHuEPO in exercise-trained rats treated with an inhibitor of NO synthesis (L-NAME). Rats were treated or not with rHuEPO and/or L-NAME during 6 weeks. During the same period, rats were subjected to treadmill exercise. The blood pressure was measured weekly. Endothelial function of isolated aorta and small mesenteric arteries were studied and the morphology of the latt...

Aromatase inhibitor therapy: toxicities and management strategies in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 13:42:42 +0100

Abstract Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence and are widely used today as adjuvant therapy in women with early stage endocrine-responsive breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors may be prescribed as initial hormonal therapy, sequentially following 2–3 years of tamoxifen, or as extended adjuvant therapy (following 5 years of tamoxifen). Aromatase inhibitors are generally well tolerated; however, certain side effects, particularly arthralgia/musculoskeletal symptoms and gynecologic effects, may result in poor adherence to treatment. Patients receiving adjuvant therapy with an AI should be counseled regarding possible side effects and the importance of completing treatment. Interventions to ameliorate side effects ...

Interactive effects of development and hypoxia on catecholamine synthesis and cardiac function in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Fri, 31 Dec 2010 18:00:36 +0100

Abstract The rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines is tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the activity of which is dependent on molecular oxygen. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess two non-allelic TH coding genes, TH1 and TH2. A principal goal of the present study was to determine if the expression of these genes is sensitive to environmental hypoxia. Additionally, we sought to determine if catecholamine content of larvae was changed by environmental hypoxia, and whether the hearts of hypoxic larvae were equally responsive to exogenous catecholamine (norepinephrine) exposure. After 2 days of exposure to hypoxia [5–7 days post-fertilization (dpf); PO2 = 30 Torr] TH2 mRNA expression was significantly lower and dopamine β hydroxylase...

Poster 183: Changes in Reaching Movement Characteristics after 1 and 2 Weeks of Intensive Repetitive Task Training in a 2D Virtual Reality Environment. Li Zhang (University of Ottawa), Mindy F. Levin, Heidi Sveistrup

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation — Tue, 28 Dec 2010 23:33:25 +0100

Objectives: To quantify changes in upper extremity movement characteristics during two weeks of repetitive task training in chronic stroke patients with mild impairment. Design: Single-case experimental design to show time dependent change in given treatment. (Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)

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Describing individual variation in local sweating during exercise in a temperate environment

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Tue, 28 Dec 2010 15:03:21 +0100

In conclusion, the individual variation in WBSRss, LSRhead and LSRarm is described by the ratio of E req relative to E max. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00421-010-1788-9Authors Anthony R. Bain, Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaTomasz M. Deren, Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaOllie Jay, Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 200 Lees Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada Journal European Journal of Applied PhysiologyOnline ISSN 1439-6327Print ISSN 1439-6319 (Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology)

A phase I/II study of the Src inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer

Investigational New Drugs — Fri, 17 Dec 2010 17:39:39 +0100

Conclusion Saracatinib 175 mg daily in combination with gemcitabine is well tolerated but the combination did not improve efficacy over what would be expected from gemcitabine alone. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10637-010-9611-3Authors Daniel J. Renouf, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Rm 5-708, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G2M9 CanadaMalcolm J. Moore, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Rm 5-708, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G2M9 CanadaDavid Hedley, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Rm 5-708, Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G2M9 CanadaSharlene Gill, British Columbia Cancer Agency - Vancouver Cancer Centre, Vancouver, CanadaDerek Jonker, O...

Factors Associated with Perceived Stress and Stressful Life Events in Pregnant Women: Findings from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey

Maternal and Child Health Journal — Thu, 16 Dec 2010 18:25:48 +0100

Abstract Prenatal maternal stress has been linked to multiple adverse outcomes. Researchers have used a variety of methods to assess maternal stress. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare factors associated with stress in pregnancy as measured by perceived stress and stressful life events. We analyzed data from the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey. A randomly selected sample of 8,542 women who had recently given birth was drawn from the 2006 Canadian Census. Women were eligible if they were at least 15 years of age, had delivered a live, singleton infant, and were living with their infant at the time of the interview (5–14 months postpartum). Prevalence estimates and odds ratios were calculated using sample weights of the survey and their va...

Roles of cortisol and carbonic anhydrase in acid–base compensation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Mon, 06 Dec 2010 18:44:45 +0100

Abstract Fish compensate for acid–base disturbances primarily by modulating the branchial excretion of acid–base equivalents, with a supporting role played by adjustment of urinary acid excretion. The present study used metabolic acid–base disturbances in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to evaluate the role played by cortisol in stimulating compensatory responses. Trout infused with acid (an iso-osmotic solution of 70 mmol L−1 HCl), base (140 mmol L−1 NaHCO3) or saline (140 mmol L−1 NaCl) for 24 h exhibited significant elevation of circulating cortisol concentrations. Acid infusion significantly increased both branchial (by 328 μmol kg−1 h−1) and urinary (by 5.9 μmol kg−1 h−1) net acid...

Does summer in a humid continental climate elicit an acclimatization of human thermoregulatory responses?

European Journal of Applied Physiology — Thu, 02 Dec 2010 18:07:35 +0100

Abstract Many thermal physiologists follow the conventional wisdom that physiological heat adaptations occur in the summer for people living in a humid continental climate (e.g. Central Canada, North-eastern and Mid-western United States and Eastern Europe); therefore experimentation across seasons is often avoided. However, since modern behavioral adaptations, such as air conditioning, are accessible and commonplace, it is not clear whether such physiological adjustments actually do occur. It was hypothesized that despite warm weather, residing in a humid continental climate throughout a summer will not elicit any significant physiological heat adaptations since the environmental stimulus for such adjustments will be mitigated by behavioral adaptations. Eight young health...

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Acquisition of metastatic tissue from patients with bone metastases from breast cancer

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment — Fri, 26 Nov 2010 18:07:22 +0100

Abstract Biopsies of metastatic tissue are increasingly being performed. Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis in breast cancer patients, but bone remains technically challenging to biopsy. Difficulties with both tissue acquisition and techniques for analysis of hormone receptor status are well described. Bone biopsies can be carried out by either by standard posterior iliac crest bone marrow trephine/aspiration or CT-guided biopsy of a radiologically evident bone metastasis. The differential yield of these techniques is unknown. Results from three prospective studies of similar methodology were pooled. Patients underwent both an outpatient posterior iliac crest bone marrow trephine/aspiration and a CT-guided biopsy of a radiologically evident bone metastasis. Sampl...

Vicious Cycle: 30-year Study Finds Disadvantaged Youth More Likely To Be High School Drop Outs, Young Parents And Poor Adults

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 08:00:00 +0100

Disadvantaged kids are more likely to drop out of high school, become premature parents and raise their own children in poverty, according to an exhaustive new study from researchers at Concordia University and the University of Ottawa. Published in the International Journal of Behavioral Development, the investigation was the first to follow a group of boys and girls over three decades to examine whether childhood aggression, social withdrawal and low socio-economic status could impact adult wellbeing... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Synchronizing A Failing Heart: International Study Proves Medical Device Therapy Boosts A Fading Heart Beat

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 16 Nov 2010 12:00:00 +0100

One of the largest, most extensive worldwide investigations into heart failure, led by the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (UOHI), conclusively proves that a new therapeutic implant synchronizes and strengthens a fading heart beat while reducing risk of death by 24% compared to the current treatment. The research, co-led by Dr. Anthony Tang and Dr. George Wells at the Heart Institute, brings the promise of life-saving treatment for patients with symptoms of mild to moderate heart failure - an increasingly common condition among an aging population that can lead to sudden cardiac death... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Bringing integrative medicine to the undergraduate medical curriculum—A North American perspective

European Journal of Integrative Medicine — Tue, 16 Nov 2010 05:37:50 +0100

The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ottawa in Canada recently added a series of lectures on topics related to integrative medicine to its core undergraduate curriculum. This was done in response to a perceived need for such teaching, as expressed by the students themselves, during an evaluation undertaken by the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada, which manages the accreditation process for all 17 faculties of medicine in Canada. (Source: European Journal of Integrative Medicine)

Disadvantaged youth more likely to be high-school dropouts, young parents and poor adults

EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science — Tue, 16 Nov 2010 05:00:00 +0100

(Concordia University) Disadvantaged kids are more likely to drop out of high school, become premature parents and raise their own children in poverty, according to an exhaustive new study from researchers at Concordia University and the University of Ottawa. Published in the International Journal of Behavioral Development, the investigation was the first to follow boys and girls over three decades to examine whether childhood aggression, social withdrawal and low socieconomic status could impact adult well-being. (Source: EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science)

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Gene variants related to the power performance of the Lithuanian athletes

Central European Journal of Biology — Mon, 15 Nov 2010 18:18:19 +0100

Abstract ACE (I/D), ACTN3 (R/X), PPARGC1A (Gly482Ser) and PPARA (G/C) polymorphisms have been linked to the success in power-oriented sports through the intermediate phenotypes. The study involved 193 Lithuanian elite athletes and 250 controls. The measured phenotypic variables included short-term explosive muscle power (STEMP) and anaerobic alactic maximum power (AAMP). ACE DD genotype was more common among endurance athletes compared to the power athletes. The ACTN3 genotype frequencies of the elite athletes differed from those of non-elite athletes; however, there were no differences among the athletes and the control group across the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser genotypes. The frequency of PPARA CC genotype increased with the growing skill level of athletes (non-elite 2%, sub-eli...

Synchronizing a failing heart

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Sun, 14 Nov 2010 05:00:00 +0100

(University of Ottawa Heart Institute) One of the largest, most extensive worldwide investigations into heart failure, led by the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, conclusively proves that a new therapeutic implant synchronizes and strengthens a fading heart beat while reducing risk of death by 24 percent compared to the current treatment. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

Fracture surface analysis to understand the failure mechanisms of collagen degraded bone

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism — Sat, 06 Nov 2010 20:19:27 +0100

Abstract Fracture surface analysis is a powerful technique to investigate bone failure mechanisms. Previously, emu tibiae were endocortically treated with 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for 14 days. This treatment caused in situ collagen degradation rather than removal, with no differences in geometrical parameters, but with significant changes in mechanical properties. KOH-treated tibiae showed significant decreases in failure stress and increased failure strain and toughness. The fracture surfaces of untreated and 14-day KOH-treated failed specimens were examined to further identify differences in the failure process to explain the previously observed increase in toughness. Areas of ‘tension,’ ‘compression,’ and ‘transition’ were identified ...

Statistical Signal Processing Technique for Identification of Different Infected Sites of the Diseased Lungs

Journal of Medical Systems — Thu, 04 Nov 2010 17:49:43 +0100

Abstract Accurate Diagnosis of lung disease depends on understanding the sounds emanating from lung and its location. Lung sounds are of significance as they supply precise and important information on the health of the respiratory system. In addition, correct interpretation of breath sounds depends on a systematic approach to auscultation; it also requires the ability to describe the location of abnormal finding in relation to bony structures and anatomic landmark lines. Lungs consist of number of lobes; each lung lobe is further subdivided into smaller segments. These segments are attached to each other. Knowledge of the position of the lung segments is useful and important during the auscultation and diagnosis of the lung diseases. Usually the medical doctors give the l...

Pediatric Urology

The Journal of Urology — Thu, 28 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100

A. T. Clark, L. Guerra and M. Leonard Division of Paediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Source: The Journal of Urology)

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Diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type 1 by measuring 3-hydroxyglutaric acid in dried urine spots by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease — Tue, 26 Oct 2010 16:49:23 +0100

Abstract Accumulation of glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3HGA) in body fluids is the biochemical hallmark of type 1 glutaric aciduria (GA1), a disorder characterized by acute striatal degeneration and a subsequent dystonia. To date, methods for quantification of 3HGA are mainly based on stable isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and require extensive sample preparation. Here we describe a simple liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify this important metabolite in dried urine spots (DUS). This method is based on derivatization with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7-(2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DAABD-AE). Derivatization was adopted to improve the chromatographic and mass spectrometric prop...

What have we learned? A review of the literature on children’s health and the environment in the Aral Sea area

International Journal of Public Health — Mon, 25 Oct 2010 16:58:12 +0100

Conclusion While important questions about the nature of the child health and environment relationships remain to be answered, the literature unequivocally illustrates the seriousness of the public health tragedy and provides sufficient evidence to justify immediate action. Regrettably, international awareness of the crisis continues to be poor, and the level of action addressing the situation is wholly inadequate. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00038-010-0201-0Authors Eric James Crighton, Health and Environment Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, 60 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaLynn Barwin, Health and Environment Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, 60 University Private, Ott...

Gender differences in satisfaction with life in patients with coronary heart disease: physical activity as a possible mediating factor

Journal of Behavioral Medicine — Tue, 19 Oct 2010 19:31:48 +0100

The objective of the present study was to examine if time varying, mediating effect of physical activity plays an important role in the gender-satisfaction with life relationship. Six hundred four male and 197 female patients were included. Principal outcomes of interest were self-report satisfaction with life and physical activity at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. The Krull and MacKinnon procedure for hierarchical linear modeling showed that the change in physical activity mediated the gender-satisfaction with life over a 2 year period. Results from the current study suggest that increased physical activity partially explains why males report having increased well-being than females after hospitalization. This suggests that future interventions need to focus on reducing th...

Open Access Week 2010 Launches, Leaders Recount Positive Impact of OA

What's New on JEFFLINE — Tue, 19 Oct 2010 18:34:17 +0100

Open Access Week 2010 takes place October 18-25, as thousands of scholars, faculty and students from nearly 90 countries worldwide participate in events to raise awareness and advance understanding of the benefits of open access (OA). The week features the voices of top researchers who have stepped forward with first-hand accounts of how Open Access to research has positively impacted them and their ability to do their work. OA Week organizers note: “The exciting opportunity we have with this year’s Open Access Week stems from the fact that Open Access is mature enough that good examples now exist of what you can do as a scholar in an open-access enabled world that you simply can’t do in a closed environment.” Leading the event is pioneering Open Access advocate Dr. Har...

Associations between physical fitness and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia — Sat, 16 Oct 2010 07:44:44 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation There appears to be a link between changes in fitness and HbA1c. The improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness with aerobic training may be a better predictor of changes in HbA1c than improvements in strength. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1941-3Authors J. Larose, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Room 367, Montpetit Hall, Ottawa, ON Canada K1N 6N5R. J. Sigal, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON CanadaF. Khandwala, Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB CanadaD. Prud’homme, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of ...

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Cranial nerve hypertrophy in pediatric chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Pediatric Radiology — Tue, 12 Oct 2010 16:49:08 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00247-010-1859-4Authors Hugh J. McMillan, Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CanadaElka Miller, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Canada K1H 8L1 Journal Pediatric RadiologyOnline ISSN 1432-1998Print ISSN 0301-0449 (Source: Pediatric Radiology)

The role of spatial representation in the development of a LUR model for Ottawa, Canada

Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health — Thu, 07 Oct 2010 16:54:58 +0100

Abstract A land use regression (LUR) model for the mapping of NO2 concentrations in Ottawa, Canada was created based on data from 29 passive air quality samplers from the City of Ottawa’s National Capital Air Quality Mapping Project and two permanent stations. Model sensitivity was assessed against three spatial representations of population: population at the dissemination area level, population at the dissemination block level and a dasymetrically derived population representation. A spatial database with land use, roads, population, zoning, greenspaces and elevation was created. Polycategorical zoning data were used in dasymetric mapping to spatially focus population data derived from the dissemination blocks to a sub-block level for comparison purposes. Dasymetric pop...

Depletion of Intranuclear Rodlets in Mouse Models of Diabetes

Endocrine Pathology — Tue, 05 Oct 2010 05:50:06 +0100

Abstract Intranuclear rodlets (INRs) are structures present within the nuclei of human insulin-secreting beta cells of the endocrine pancreas. Their physiological significance, and whether they are altered in disease, is unknown. In the present study, the proportion of pancreatic beta cells containing INRs was examined in mouse models of type II diabetes and in a model with improved beta cell function. To gain insights into the molecular regulators of INR formation, mice with a conditional adult beta cell-specific knockout of the serine/threonine protein kinase Lkb1 (Lkb1 adult beta cell knockout (LABKO) mice) were studied. To investigate INR changes in a pathophysiological context, beta cell INRs were examined in two models of human metabolic syndrome: (1) mice maintained...

Is Medical or Surgical Tx Preferred for Ectopic Pregnancy in Teens?

Ob.Gyn. News — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Once Daily Dosing Improves Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy

AIDS and Behavior — Tue, 28 Sep 2010 05:49:15 +0100

Abstract We studied the association of once-daily dosing with self-reported adherence among participants of the Ontario Cohort Study who were currently taking ART and who had completed a 90-min interviewer-administered questionnaire. Suboptimal adherence was defined as missing ≥1 dose of ART in the 4 days prior to the interview. Participants (n = 779) were 85% male, 69% men having sex with men, 67% white, median age 48 years (IQR 42–54), median years of ART 9 (IQR 5–13) and median CD4 count 463 cells/mm3 (IQR 320–638). Fifteen percent of participants reported suboptimal adherence in the 4 days prior to the interview. In a multivariable logistic regression model, participants on once daily regimens were half as likely to miss a dose during the...

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Prozac inhibits sex drive in fish: study

CBC | Health — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 20:57:10 +0100

The popular antidepressant drug Prozac inhibits sexual activity in fish by interfering with sperm production and pheromone transmission, which raises environmental concerns, according to a study by University of Ottawa researchers. (Source: CBC | Health)

Prozac inhibits sex drive in fish

CBC | Health — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 18:56:40 +0100

Heart Institute Study Finds Strong Link Between Obesity, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes

Health News from Medical News Today — Sat, 11 Sep 2010 07:00:00 +0100

New analysis of a landmark health survey by the University of Ottawa Heart Institute (UOHI) shows that 70% of Ontario adults are either overweight or obese, and have a strong prevalence of high blood pressure that could lead to heart attack or stroke. The research, led by Dr. Frans Leenen of the Heart Institute's Hypertension Unit, adds new information to a limited amount of Canadian data on obesity and high blood pressure... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Majority of Ontario adults overweight or obese

CTV Health — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 22:18:11 +0100

A new study by the University of Ottawa Heart Institute found 70 per cent of Ontario adults are either overweight or obese, making them strong candidates for heart attack or stroke. (Source: CTV Health)

Overweight and obese make up majority in Ontario

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Thu, 09 Sep 2010 04:00:00 +0100

(University of Ottawa Heart Institute) New analysis of a landmark health survey by the University of Ottawa Heart Institute shows that 70 percent of Ontario adults are either overweight or obese, and have a strong prevalence of high blood pressure that could lead to heart attack or stroke. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

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Chiari 1 malformation and holocord syringomyelia presenting as abrupt onset foot drop

Child's Nervous System — Thu, 02 Sep 2010 14:56:28 +0100

We present two patients with a Chiari 1 malformation and holocord syringomyelia who presented with abrupt onset unilateral foot drop. Neurophysiologic testing was consistent with a proximal nerve root lesion. This assisted with localization and directed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to lumbosacral spine and nerve roots. Each child underwent a suboccipital craniectomy and laminectomy with duroplasty to decompress the foramen magnum. Each child also showed rapid and complete clinical recovery despite the significant electromyographic and MRI abnormalities on initial study. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00381-010-1275-yAuthors Hugh J. McMillan, Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON Canada K1H 8...

Executive Summary - Meals and snacks consumed by young Quebecers.

Chronic Diseases in Canada — Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bédard B, Dubois L, In June 2010, the Institut de la statistique du Québec, in collaboration with Brigitte Bédard and Lise Dubois of the University of Ottawa's Institute of Population Health published Les jeunes québécois à table : regard sur les repas et collations, its second report based on analysis of the data from Statistics Canada's 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition. This publication looks at important facets of the diet of Quebec children and adolescents (1 to 18 years old): meals, snacks and consumption of food prepared outside the home. PMID: 20946716 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chronic Diseases in Canada)

'Partial success' for lab-grown corneas

NHS News Feed — Thu, 26 Aug 2010 16:13:00 +0100

Conclusion This small early stage study found that biosynthetic corneal tissue implanted into 10 patients remained viable two years after surgery, without causing serious complications or side effects. The implants also improved vision in some patients although results were significantly poorer when compared to patients who had donor implants (until contact lenses were used). Some patients experienced problems after surgery, which reduced the potential improvements in vision. Since follow-up lasted only two years, it is uncertain if outcomes improved, deteriorated or remained the same after this time. In addition, as only 10 people were treated, there is a long way to go before it is known if biosynthetic corneal implants are a viable alternative to donor implants. This study warrants furt...

Partial success of artificial corneas

NHS News Feed — Thu, 26 Aug 2010 16:13:00 +0100

Are Men & Women From Different Planets?

Psychology Today Relationships Center — Tue, 24 Aug 2010 17:10:28 +0100

No - your partner is NOT an alien!! Yes, there are some real differences. Boys tend to be more active and physically aggressive, and girls are more verbal. But, these differences are small and tied to your experiences. Many women are quiet and shy, while some men are out there like Jay Leno! Mostly it is our rules and roles about how to be a guy or a girl that amplifies these differences. As my very verbal client, Tim, told me, "I am a pretty articulate guy, but I am not going to talk about "soft" feelings like my anxiety to my wife. It goes against the Boy Code. She will think I'm a wimp!" His wife then mutters something short and withering about how concrete is strong and silent too.As a couple therapist, my focus is how men and women are different in close relationships. What I see is t...

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Regression of target organ damage in children and adolescents with primary hypertension

Pediatric Nephrology — Fri, 20 Aug 2010 17:01:09 +0100

Abstract We assessed the effects of 12 months of non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapy on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, regression of target organ damage (TOD) and metabolic abnormalities in 86 children (14.1 ± 2.4 years) with primary hypertension. Twenty-four hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) decreased (130 ± 8 vs 126 ± 8, 73 ± 7 vs 70 ± 7, p = 0.0001 and 0.004 respectively). Body mass index (BMI) did not change, but waist-to-hip (0.85 ± 0.07 vs 0.83 ± 0.05, p = 0.01) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR; 0.49 ± 0.07 vs 0.48 ± 0.05, p = 0.008) decreased. Left ventricular mass index (LVMi; 38.5 ± 10.7 vs 35.2 ± 7.5 g/m2.7, p = 0.0001), prevalence of left ventricular hyper...

NRC, UOttawa Scientists First To Watch A Chemical Bond Break Using Molecule's Electrons

Health News from Medical News Today — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 12:00:00 +0100

Scientists at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the University of Ottawa (uOttawa) enjoyed a bird's eye view of a chemical bond as it breaks. The making and breaking of chemical bonds underlie the biochemical processes of life itself. A greater understanding of the quantum processes that lead to chemical reactions may lead to new strategies in the design and control of molecules - ultimately leading to scientific breakthroughs in health care and diagnostic medicine, quantum computing, nanotechnology, environmental science and energy. The NRC-uOttawa team, led by Dr... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

Gene Dosage of the Common Variant 9p21 Predicts Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Journal of the American College of Cardiology — Thu, 29 Jul 2010 05:22:43 +0100

Conclusions: Gene dosage of the common risk variant 9p21 predicts the severity of coronary atheromatous burden. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)

Evaluation of non-synonymous NPPA single nucleotide polymorphisms in atrial fibrillation

Europace — Tue, 27 Jul 2010 16:00:47 +0100

Conclusion Common non-synonymous genetic variants within NPPA in these two large North American cohorts of European ancestry are not associated with the development of AF. (Source: Europace)

Social support associated with a reduced risk of sexually transmitted infection in Canadians

Journal of Public Health — Sat, 24 Jul 2010 13:29:30 +0100

Conclusions Our study demonstrated that individuals with stronger social support had a lower risk of STI among Canadians, especially for younger women. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10389-010-0351-9Authors Yanhui Gao, University of Ottawa Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 451 Smyth Road Ottawa ON Canada K1H 8M5Yue Chen, University of Ottawa Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine 451 Smyth Road Ottawa ON Canada K1H 8M5 Journal Journal of Public HealthOnline ISSN 1613-2238Print ISSN 0943-1853 (Source: Journal of Public Health)

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The ties that bind: a reflection on physician grief

Supportive Care in Cancer — Sat, 17 Jul 2010 21:10:54 +0100

Abstract Physician grief remains a prevalent yet largely unacknowledged problem in the medical profession. Several techniques can be employed to improve coping in physicians that deal frequently with patients approaching the end of life that can be integrated into medical training programs and physician practices. The author recounts his own experience of physician grief having cared for a patient on his dying journey and using it as an opportunity for personal growth. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00520-010-0949-zAuthors Gordon Giddings, University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada Journal Supportive Care in CancerOnline ISSN 1433-7339Print ISSN 0941-4355 (Source: Supportive Care in Cancer)

Quantitative analysis of coronary endothelial function with generator-produced 82Rb PET: comparison with 15O-labelled water PET

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging — Tue, 13 Jul 2010 14:48:43 +0100

Conclusion Using a CPT, 82Rb MBF measurements detected coronary endothelial dysfunctions in smokers. 82Rb MBF measurements were comparable to those made using the 15O-water approach. Thus, 82Rb PET may be applicable for risk assessments or evaluation of risk factor modification in subjects with coronary risk factors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00259-010-1541-yAuthors Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Photobiology, Division of Molecular/Cellular Imaging Kita 15 Nishi 7 Kita-Ku, Sapporo Hokkaido Japan 060-8638Osamu Manabe, Hokkaido University of Graduate School of Medicine Department of Nuclear Medicine Sapporo JapanChietsugu Katoh, Hokkaido University of Graduate School of Medicine ...

The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part 1: anatomy, biomechanics, and grading

Skeletal Radiology — Tue, 13 Jul 2010 14:48:06 +0100

We present a two-part review article on the current state of knowledge of lumbar facet joint pathology. This first article discusses the functional anatomy, biomechanics, and radiological grading systems currently in use in clinical practice and academic medicine. Facet joint degeneration is presented within the larger context of degenerative disc disease to enable the reader to better understand the anatomical changes underlying facet-mediated lower back pain. Other less-common, but equally important etiologies of lumbar facet joint degeneration are reviewed. The existing grading systems are discussed with specific reference to the reliability of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of lumbar facet osteoarthritis. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate debate on how best to i...

New Colon Cancer Study Results From University Of Ottawa Described

Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0100

New investigation results, 'The utility and predictive value of combinations of low penetrance genes for screening and risk prediction of colorectal cancer,' are detailed in a study published in Human Genetics. Despite the fact that colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly treatable form of cancer if detected early, a very low proportion of the eligible population undergoes screening for this form of cancer. (Source: Cancercompass News: Colorectal Cancer)

Is medical or surgical Tx preferred for ectopic pregnancy in teens?

Pediatric News — Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

DR. FLEMING is with the department of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Ottawa. She said she had no conflicts of interest to disclose. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality during the first trimester. Death rates for adolescents are higher than those of adults, mostly due to delays in diagnosis and delays in accessing care. (Source: Pediatric News)

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The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: Part II: diagnosis and management

Skeletal Radiology — Fri, 25 Jun 2010 16:51:16 +0100

This article is the second article in a two-part review on lumbar facet joint pathology. In this review, we discuss the current concepts and controversies regarding the proper diagnosis and management of patients presenting with presumed facet-mediated lower back pain. All efforts were made to include the most relevant literature from the fields of radiology, orthopaedics, physiatry, and pain management. Our focus in this article is on presenting the evidence supporting or refuting the most commonly employed injection-based therapies for facet-mediated lower back pain. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00256-010-0984-3Authors Gerard P. Varlotta, Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine NYU School of Medicine 317 East 34th Street, 5th Floor New York...

Evaluating the discriminative power of multi-trait genetic risk scores for type 2 diabetes in a northern Swedish population

Diabetologia — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 08:48:10 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Adding SNPs previously associated with fasting glucose, insulin, lipids or obesity to a genetic risk score for type 2 diabetes significantly increases the power to discriminate between people with and without clinically manifest type 2 diabetes compared with a model including only conventional type 2 diabetes loci. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1792-yAuthors B. Fontaine-Bisson, University of Ottawa Department of Nutrition Sciences Ottawa ON CanadaF. Renström, Umeå University Hospital Genetic Epidemiology & Clinical Research Group, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine Umeå SwedenO. Rolandsson, Umeå University Hospital Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, S...

Acid–base regulation in the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus): an aglomerular marine teleost

Tue, 22 Jun 2010 18:33:11 +0100

Abstract The plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) possesses an aglomerular kidney and like other marine teleosts, secretes base into the intestine to aid water absorption. Each of these features could potentially influence acid–base regulation during respiratory acidosis either by facilitating or constraining HCO3 − accumulation, respectively. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the capacity of P. notatus to regulate blood acid–base status during exposure to increasing levels of hypercapnia (nominally 1–5% CO2). Fish exhibited a well-developed ability to increase plasma HCO3 − levels with values of 39.8 ± 2.8 mmol l−1 being achieved at the most severe stage of hypercapnic exposure (arterial blood PCO2 = 21.9 ± 1....

Collaboratively envisioning the future of community psychology in Canada: From talk to action.

Canadian Psychology — Sun, 13 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100

Community Psychology (CP) is a relatively young and marginalized discipline in Canada, with only four graduate programs, concentrated in two provinces–Ontario and Québec. Recognising the need to develop cohesion and an identity as a field, several senior Canadian community psychologists proposed hosting a biennial conference, which began in 2002 at the University of Ottawa. Starting in 2006, the conference became a forum for CP faculty, students, and community partners to collaboratively develop a vision for the future of CP in Canada. Diverse teams of conference participants were engaged in facilitated discussions, culminating in a plenary session in which delegates shared their perspectives with the larger group. Eight themes emerged from the visioning exercises in 2006, which led to ...

Cell sheet integrity and nanomechanical breakdown during programmed cell death

Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing — Wed, 09 Jun 2010 20:13:17 +0100

This study sheds new insights on our understanding of apoptosis and how biological systems utilize multiple inter- and intra-cytoarchitectures to regulate nanomechanical breakdown. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Special Issue - Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11517-010-0640-zAuthors Jiashan Wang, University of Ottawa Department of Physics, MacDonald Hall 150 Louis Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 CanadaAndrew E. Pelling, University of Ottawa Department of Physics, MacDonald Hall 150 Louis Pasteur Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Journal Medical and Biological Engineering and ComputingOnline ISSN 1741-0444Print ISSN 0140-0118 (Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing)

Transpleural Pulmonary-to-Systemic Venous Collaterals in a Case With Obstructed Scimitar Vein

Pediatric Cardiology — Thu, 27 May 2010 16:54:57 +0100

This report presents a case of scimitar syndrome and reviews how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used for initial and follow-up assessment of the syndrome with emphasis on suspected pulmonary venous obstruction. Given the potential high incidence of postoperative occlusion, MRI provides hemodynamic and anatomic information for both initial and follow-up assessment of scimitar syndrome. MRI clearly demonstrated transpleural pulmonary-to-systemic venous collaterals draining the obstructed scimitar vein. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportDOI 10.1007/s00246-010-9741-6Authors Derek T. H. Wong, The Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Ottawa CanadaLars Grosse-Wortmann, The Labatt Family He...

Striatal interneurons in dissociated cell culture

Histochemistry and Cell Biology — Wed, 19 May 2010 11:20:58 +0100

Abstract In addition to the well-characterized direct and indirect projection neurons there are four major interneuron types in the striatum. Three contain GABA and either parvalbumin, calretinin or NOS/NPY/somatostatin. The fourth is cholinergic. It might be assumed that dissociated cell cultures of striatum (typically from embryonic day E18.5 in rat and E14.5 for mouse) contain each of these neuronal types. However, in dissociated rat striatal (caudate/putamen, CPu) cultures arguably the most important interneuron, the giant aspiny cholinergic neuron, is not present. When dissociated striatal neurons from E14.5 Sprague–Dawley rats were mixed with those from E18.5 rats, combined cultures from these two gestational periods yielded surviving cholinergic interneurons and r...

Naturally occurring R225W mutation of the gene encoding AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)γ3 results in increased oxidative capacity and glucose uptake in human primary myotubes

Diabetologia — Sat, 15 May 2010 07:57:14 +0100

Conclusions/interpretation Through the enhancement of skeletal muscle glucose uptake and increased mitochondrial content, the R225W mutation may significantly enhance exercise performance. These findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that the γ3 subunit of AMPK is a promising tissue-specific target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition in which glucose uptake and mitochondrial function are impaired. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00125-010-1788-7Authors S. A. Crawford, University of Ottawa Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine 451 Smyth Road Ottawa ON Canada K1H 8M5S. R. Costford, University of Ottawa Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Me...

In Type 2 Diabetes, Treatment Of Gum Disease May Lower Blood Sugar Levels

Health News from Medical News Today — Wed, 12 May 2010 12:00:00 +0100

A study to be published in the latest issue of The Cochrane Library and led by researchers at the University of Edinburgh and supported by colleagues at the Peninsula Dental School, the University of Ottawa and UCL Eastman Dental Institute, suggests that the treatment of serious gum (periodontal) disease in diabetics with Type 2 diabetes may lower their blood sugar levels. The research team analysed randomised controlled trials of people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes who had also been diagnosed with periodontal disease... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Treatment of Gum Disease May Lower Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes News from dLife.com — Tue, 11 May 2010 16:11:19 +0100

May 11, 2010 (EurekAlert) - A study to be published in the latest issue of The Cochrane Library and led by researchers at the University of Edinburgh and supported by colleagues at the Peninsula Dental School, the University of Ottawa and UCL Eastman Dental Institute, suggests that the treatment of serious gum (periodontal) disease in diabetics with Type 2 diabetes may lower their blood sugar levels. read more (Source: Diabetes News from dLife.com)

Treatment of gum disease may lower blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Tue, 11 May 2010 04:00:00 +0100

(The Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry) A study to be published in the latest issue of the Cochrane Library and led by researchers at the University of Edinburgh and supported by colleagues at the Peninsula Dental School, the University of Ottawa and UCL Eastman Dental Institute, suggests that the treatment of serious gum (periodontal) disease in diabetics with type 2 diabetes may lower their blood sugar levels. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)

The “sticky” business of “adherence” to transfusion guidelines

Intensive Care Medicine — Tue, 04 May 2010 07:55:20 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00134-010-1871-zAuthors Alan T. Tinmouth, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute 501 Smyth Rd. Ottawa ON K1H 8L6 CanadaGregory M. T. Hare, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute 30 Bond Street Toronto ON M5B 1W8 CanadaC. David Mazer, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto Department of Anesthesia, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute 30 Bond Street Toronto ON M5B 1W8 Canada Journal Intensive Care MedicineOnline ISSN 1432-1238Print ISSN 0342-4642 (Source: Intensive Care Medicine)

Asthma rates in Inuit below national average

EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health — Mon, 03 May 2010 04:00:00 +0100

(Arctic Institute of North America) New research shows that asthma rates in Inuit populations in northern Canada are below that of Aboriginal populations in the rest of the country, especially those living in urban areas. But University of Ottawa researcher Eric Crighton cautions these figures may be more reflective of health care in the north than they are of the health of Inuit populations. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)