MedWorm: Aeromonas

The Cytotoxic Effect of Essential Oils from Origanum vulgare L. and/or Rosmarinus officinalis L. on Aeromonas hydrophila

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 20:34:17 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

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Expressed Sequences and Polymorphisms in Rohu Carp (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) Revealed by mRNA-seq.

Marine Biotechnology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Robinson N, Sahoo PK, Baranski M, Mahapatra KD, Saha JN, Das S, Mishra Y, Das P, Barman HK, Eknath AE Abstract Expressed genes and polymorphisms were identified in lines of rohu Labeo rohita selected for resistance or susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila, an important bacterial pathogen causing aeromoniasis. All animals were grown in a common environment and RNA from ten individuals from each line pooled for Illumina mRNA-seq. De novo transcriptome assembly produced 137,629 contigs with 40× average coverage. Forty-four percent of the assembled sequences were annotated with gene names and ontology terms. Of these, 3,419 were assigned biological process terms related to "stress response" and 1,939 "immune system". Twenty-six contigs containing 38 single nucleotide polymor...

Characterization of probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from an estuarine environment for application in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farming.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study is the first report on the probiotic potential of LAB strains isolated from an estuarine environment from Argentina. PMID: 22287063 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek)

A small IncQ type plasmid carrying the quinolone resistance (qnrS2) gene from Aeromonas hydrophila

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 02:07:44 +0100

Conclusions: This study describes the full length sequence of a plasmid carrying the qnrS2 gene from A. hydrophila. The plasmid pAHH04 carried plasmid replication and mobilization genes from IncQ type plasmids.Significance and Impact of the Study: The isolated qnrS2 gene encoded by a plasmid from an A. hydrophila strain is of significant importance because it emphasizes the problem of antibiotic resistance as well as the ability of the determinants to spread among the different bacterial species that impact human health.© 2012 The Authors Letters in Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

Molecular detection of the Aeromonas virulence aerolysin gene in retail meats from different animal sources in Egypt

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 06:57:39 +0100

Abstract Meat commonly contain the same Aeromonas spp. which occur in human diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal faecal samples. Motile Aeromonas were isolated from 5.6% of total 302 samples. The distribution of the isolates were 5.9 and 5.2% in fresh and frozen samples, respectively. Of the 302 samples taken of the four animal meat species investigated, the genus Aeromonas were isolated in 12.3% of the fresh samples collected from buffalo meat, in 6.5% of the samples collected from sheep meat and 14.0% from the samples collected from the cattle frozen meat samples. The camel meat did not reveal any Aeromonas isolates. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated as the most prevalent species with 6.8%, followed by Aeromonas caviae with 2.7% and Aeromonas sobria with 2.1% from the total meat sa...

Spatial and temporal analysis of estuarine bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton using culture-dependent and culture-independent methodologies.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Azevedo JS, Ramos I, Araújo S, Oliveira CS, Correia A, Henriques IS Abstract Bacterioneuston may play a key role in water-air exchange of gases and in processing organic matter and pollutants that accumulate at the sea-surface microlayer (SML). However, the phylogenetic diversity of bacterioneuston has been poorly characterized. We analyzed 24 samples each from the SML and underlying water (UW) at three sites in the Ria de Aveiro estuary, Portugal. Cultivation and culture-independent techniques were used to compare bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton. Culturable heterotrophic bacteria were enriched in the SML. The culturable community was dominated by Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter. The presence of high numbers of Psychrobacter was a notable result. Differences were con...

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An aerolysin‐like enterotoxin from Vibrio splendidus may be involved in intestinal tract damage and mortalities in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), and cod, Gadus morhua L., larvae

Journal of Fish Diseases — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 06:33:21 +0100

AbstractVibrio splendidus is a pathogen that can cause major losses during the early stages of larval turbot rearing when live feed (rotifers or Artemia) is used. As haemolytic bacteria have often been associated with larval rearing losses, we studied the role of the V. splendidus haemolysin in infection of larvae. From a bank of over 10 000 transposon mutants of V. splendidus, two different types of haemolysin‐negative mutants were obtained. Both had lost virulence for larval fish, and immunohistochemistry showed that the transposon mutant studied colonized the turbot larval intestinal tract at a similar level to the wild‐type organism but did not cause damage or signs of enteritis found with the wild‐type organism. One transposon insertion site was located within a gene with hi...

Thin-film fixed-bed reactor (TFFBR) for solar photocatalytic inactivation of aquaculture pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Aeromonas hydrophila, an important pathogen in aquaculture systems, can be inactivated using a photocatalytic reactor coated with a thin film of titanium dioxide which increases the effectiveness of solar disinfection, demonstrating the application of solar photocatalysis in purification of aquaculture systems. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

Thermostable N-acyl Homoserine Lactonase from Bacillus sp. AI96 Attenuates Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Zebrafish by Oral Administration.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Cao Y, He S, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Mao W, Zhang H, Yao B Abstract N-Acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) lactonases are capable to degrade signal molecules involved in bacterial quorum sensing and therefore represent a new approach to control bacterial infection. Herein a gene responsible for AHL lactonase activity of Bacillus sp. AI96, 753 base pairs in length, was cloned and then expressed in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence (AiiA-AI96) is most similar to those of other Bacillus spp. AHL lactonases (∼80% sequence identity) and was consequently categorized as a member of the metallo-β-lactamase superfamily. AiiA-AI96 maintains ∼100% of its activity at 10-40°C, pH 8.0, and it is very stable at 70°C, pH 8.0 for at least 1 h; no other Bacillus AHL lactonase h...

Inability of Some Aeromonas hydrophila Strains to Act as Recipients of Plasmid pRAS1 in Conjugal Transfer Experiments.

Current Microbiology — Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bello-López JM, Vázquez-Ocampo NJ, Fernández-Rendón E, Curiel-Quesada E Abstract Plasmids belonging to the IncU incompatibility group are mobile genetic elements isolated frequently from Aeromonas spp. These plasmids share structural and functional characteristics and often carry Class-1 integrons bearing antibiotic resistance genes. In this work the ability of two IncU plasmids, pAr-32 and pRAS1 to establish in different A. hydrophila strains after conjugal transfer was studied. In vitro transfer frequencies on solid surface ranged from 10(-1) to 10(-6) for pAr-32 and from 10(-3) to 10(-5) for pRAS1. While carrying out these experiments we detected four strains unable to acquire plasmid pRAS1, indicating that the genetic background of recipients affects the establishm...

Long-term trends in the epidemiology and resistance of childhood bacterial enteropathogens in Crete

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 06:51:16 +0100

In this study, we investigated the long-term trends in the epidemiology and susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens among children in a well-defined area of adequate health standards. The study included all children younger than 14 years of age treated for enteritis at Heraklion University General Hospital on the island of Crete during the 18-year period from January 1993 to December 2010. Stool specimens were tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Yersinia, and Aeromonas species. Of the 33,032 stool samples from patients of any age, 2,912 (8.82%) were positive for bacterial enteropathogens. The 1,597 isolates from children were identified as S. enterica (42.3%), Campylobacter spp. (33.6%), EPEC (17.4%), Y. enterocolitica (5.82%), ...

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Antibacterial effects of natural volatile essential oil from zanthoxylum piperitum a.p. dc. against foodborne pathogens

Journal of Food Biochemistry — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study has shown that Z. piperitum essential oil can be used to control the growth of several foodborne pathogens. It is anticipated that Z. piperitum essential oils and its components may have greater potential as food preservatives. (Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry)

Induction of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and MyD88-dependent TLR- signaling in response to ligand stimulation and bacterial infections in the Indian major carp, mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala).

Molecular Biology Reports — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study will enrich the information in understanding the innate immune mechanism in fish, and will be helpful in developing preventive measures against infectious diseases in fish. PMID: 22207179 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Molecular Biology Reports)

Investigation of Bacteremia due to Aeromonas Species and Comparison with That due to Enterobacteria in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology — Thu, 29 Dec 2011 16:36:22 +0100

Conclusion. These results indicate that the severity of liver dysfunction in Aeromonas-induced bacteremia is greater than that in enterobacteria-induced bacteremia in Japanese patients with liver cirrhosis. (Source: Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology)

Site-specific DOTA/europium-labeling of recombinant human relaxin-3 for receptor-ligand interaction studies.

Amino Acids — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhang WJ, Luo X, Liu YL, Shao XX, Wade JD, Bathgate RA, Guo ZY Abstract Relaxin-3 (also known as INSL7) is a recently identified neuropeptide belonging to the insulin/relaxin superfamily. It has putative roles in the regulation of stress responses, food intake, and reproduction by activation of its cognate G-protein-coupled receptor RXFP3. It also binds and activates the relaxin family peptide receptors RXFP1 and RXFP4 in vitro. To obtain a europium-labeled relaxin-3 as tracer for studying the interaction of these receptors with various ligands, in the present work we propose a novel site-specific labeling strategy for the recombinant human relaxin-3 that has been previously prepared in our laboratory. First, the N-terminal 6×His-tag of the single-chain relaxin-3 precurso...

Antigen adsorbed calcium phosphate nanoparticles stimulate both innate and adaptive immune response in fish, Labeo rohita H.

Cellular Immunology — Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:18:03 +0100

Authors: Behera T, Swain P Abstract Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as an antigen/protein delivery was explored in a fish model Labeo rohita H. S-layer protein (of Aeromonas hydrophila) adsorbed on nano sized calcium phosphate particles elicited both innate and adaptive immune parameters which persisted up to 63 days of post immunization through parenteral immunization and gave cross protections. PMID: 21889128 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cellular Immunology)

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Bacterial infections of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), returning to gamete collecting weirs in Michigan

Journal of Fish Diseases — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:53:18 +0100

AbstractHerein, we describe the prevalence of bacterial infections in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), returning to spawn in two tributaries within the Lake Michigan watershed. Ten bacterial genera, including Renibacterium, Aeromonas, Carnobacterium, Serratia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Hafnia, Salmonella, Shewanella and Morganella, were detected in the kidneys of Chinook salmon (n = 480) using culture, serological and molecular analyses. Among these, Aeromonas salmonicida was detected at a prevalence of ∼15%. Analyses revealed significant interactions between location/time of collection and gender for these infections, whereby overall infection prevalence increased greatly later in the spawning run and was significantly higher in females. Renibacterium salmoninarum was...

Screening microorganisms for insulin binding reveals binding by Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia and novel attachment of insulin to Aeromonas salmonicida via the A‐layer

FEMS Microbiology Letters — Sat, 17 Dec 2011 14:36:25 +0100

AbstractExposure to microorganisms is considered an environmental factor which can contribute to Type 1 diabetes. Insulin binding proteins on microorganisms may induce production of antibodies which can react with the human insulin receptor (HIR) with possible consequences in developing a diabetic autoimmune response against HIR and insulin. The interaction of insulin with microorganisms was studied by screening forty‐five microbial species for their ability to bind insulin. Binding assays were performed using labelled insulin to identify insulin binding components on the microbes. Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and the fish pathogen A.salmonicida were the only strains of those tested which showed insulin‐binding compon...

Aeromonas hydrophila Septic Arthritis

Military Medicine — Wed, 14 Dec 2011 01:28:51 +0100

(Source: Military Medicine)

Structural and Functional Analysis of the Serine Protease from Aeromonas sobria.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan — Thu, 08 Dec 2011 01:48:02 +0100

Authors: Kobayashi H Abstract Aeromonas species are Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria found ubiquitously in a variety of aquatic environments and most commonly implicated as causative agents of gastroenteritis. Sepsis is a fatal complication of Aeromonas infectious diseases, particularly in immune-compromised patients. Two species, Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria, are associated with human disease. Feasible virulence factors of Aeromonas include fimbrial and afimbrial adhesion molecules, hemolysins, enterotoxins, lipases and proteases. Recently, we purified a 65-kDa A. sobria serine protease (ASP) from the culture supernatant of A. sobria and found that the enzyme induces vascular leakage and reduces blood pressure through activation of the kallikrein/kinin sys...

Aeromonas diarrhea and Behçet’s disease: more than a mere association

Rheumatology International — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 17:27:38 +0100

Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s00296-011-2218-yAuthors Angela Lamarca Lete, Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainNatalia Martín Suñé, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainJulio Álvarez Pellicer, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, SpainJuan José Ríos Blanco, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain Journal Rheumatology InternationalOnline ISSN 1437-160XPrint ISSN 0172-8172 (Source: Rheumatology International)

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Iridovirus infection in chinese giant salamanders, china, 2010.

Emerging Infectious Diseases — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Dong W, Zhang X, Yang C, An J, Qin J, Song F, Zeng W Abstract TO THE EDITOR: The Chinese giant salamander (Andreas davidianus) is one of the world's largest amphibian species and is often referred to as a living fossil. They primarily inhabit drainage basins of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, and the Pearl River in the People's Republic of China (1). Because of habitat loss, pollution, and overharvesting, the population of wild Chinese giant salamanders has dropped sharply (2,3). As a result, the Chinese giant salamander is artificially farmed in mesocosms for research and conservation. The mesocosms (ambient temperature <20°C) are maintained primarily in mountainous caves and mountainous ditches. During June-October 2010, a high mortality rate was reported in sal...

Complete genomic sequence of a T4-like bacteriophage, phiAS4, infecting Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida

Archives of Virology — Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:45:25 +0100

Abstract A newly identified virulent phage (named phiAS4) infecting Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was isolated from river water in Korea. Morphological analysis of phiAS4 by transmission electron microscopy revealed that it belonged to the family Myoviridae. The genome of phiAS4 comprised a linear double-stranded DNA of 163,875 bp with a G + C content of 41.3%, and genomic analysis revealed 271 putative ORFs, 67 putative promoters, 25 putative terminator regions, and 16 tRNA-encoding genes. Most of the ORFs of phiAS4 showed a high degree of similarity to those of Aeromonas phage 25, which belongs to the T4-like group. Moreover, the comparison of the genome of phiAS4 with those of its relatives demonstrated that phage phiAS4 is closely related to mem...

Clinical observations of black disease in fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae and Branchinella thailandensis, from Thailand and pathogen verification

Journal of Fish Diseases — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 17:49:36 +0100

In this study, black disease infecting fairy shrimps, Streptocephalus sirindhornae Sanoamuang, Murugan, Weekers & Dumont, and Branchinella thailandensis Sanoamuang, Saengphan & Murugan, in Thailand, was investigated. The typical signs of the disease are the appearance of black spots on the cuticle, located mainly on the dorsal side and thoracopods. A number of rod‐shaped bacteria aggregated in the black spots and were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The histopathological results showed that a haemocytic response to the infection resulted in a dense melanized core of bacteria. In addition, generalized septicaemia by rod‐shaped bacteria was also observed in the infected tissue. Of the 31 isolates, Aeromonas spp. were predominantly isolated and six strains were selecte...

Characterization and Functional Analyses of (R)-Specific Enoyl-CoA Hydratases in Polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing Ralstonia eutropha.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kawashima Y, Cheng W, Mifune J, Orita I, Nakamura S, Fukui T Abstract A genome survey of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-producing Ralstonia eutropha H16 detected the presence of 16 orthologs of (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase, among which three proteins shared high homologies with the enzyme specific to enoyl-CoAs of medium-chain-length encoded by phaJ4(Pa) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The recombinant forms of the three proteins, termed PhaJ4a-c(Re), actually showed enoyl-CoA hydratase activity with (R)-specificity, and the catalytic efficiencies were elevated as the substrate chain length increased from C(4) to C(8). PhaJ4a(Re) and PhaJ4b(Re) showed more than 10-fold higher catalytic efficiency than PhaJ4c(Re). The functions of the new PhaJ4 proteins were investigated using ...

Expression of Aeromonas caviae polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene in Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM 15050) enables the biosynthesis of SCL‐MCL PHA from palm oil products

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM15050) has the metabolic pathways to supply both the short‐chain length (SCL) and medium‐chain length (MCL) PHA monomers. By transforming the strain with the A. caviae PHA synthase with broader substrate specificity, SCL‐MCL PHA was produced.Significance and Impact of Study: This is the first study demonstrating the ability of transformant Burkholderia to produce P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) from a single carbon source. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

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Expression of Aeromonas caviae polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene in Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM15050) enables the biosynthesis of SCL‐MCL PHA from palm oil products

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM15050) has the metabolic pathways to supply both the short‐chain length (SCL) and medium‐chain length (MCL) PHA monomers. By transforming the strain with the Aer. caviae PHA synthase with broader substrate specificity, SCL‐MCL PHA was produced.Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study demonstrating the ability of transformant Burkholderia to produce P(3HB‐co‐3HHx) from a single carbon source. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Identification of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the larvae and adult of wild caught Anopheles stephensi: A step toward finding suitable paratransgenesis candidates.

Acta Tropica — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chavshin AR, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Pourmand MR, Raeisi A, Enayati AA, Mardani N, Ghoorchian S Abstract To describe the midgut microbial diversity and to find the candidate bacteria for the genetic manipulation for the generation of paratransgenic Anopheline mosquitoes refractory to transmission of malaria, the microbiota of wild larvae and adult Anopheles stephensi mosquito midgut from southern Iran was studied using a conventional cell-free culture technique and analysis of a 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence library. Forty species in 12 genera including seven Gram-negative Myroides, Chryseobacterium, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Shewanella and five Gram-positive Exiguobacterium, Enterococcus, Kocuria, Microbacterium and Rhodococcus bacter...

Different Clinical Characteristics Among Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria and Aeromonas caviae Monomicrobial Bacteremia.

J Korean Med Sci — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the clinical presentation of A. caviae bacteremia was much different from A. hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria bacteremia. The severity and mortality of A. caviae bacteremia were lower than A. hydrophila or A. veronii biovar sobria bacteremia. PMID: 22065896 [PubMed - in process] (Source: J Korean Med Sci)

Aeromonas salmonicida secreted protein AopP is a potent inducer of apoptosis in a mammalian and a Drosophila model

Cellular Microbiology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractSome pathogens are able to establish themselves within the host because they have evolved mechanisms to disrupt host innate immunity. For example, a number of pathogens secrete preformed effector proteins via type III secretion apparati that influence innate immune or apoptotic signaling pathways. One group of effector proteins that usurp innate immune signaling is the YopJ‐like family of bacterial effector proteins, which includes AopP from Aeromonas salmonicida. Aeromonas species are known to cause gastrointestinal disease in humans, and are associated mainly with subcutaneous wound infections and septicemia in other metazoans, particularly fish. AopP has been reported to have inhibitory activity against the NF‐κB pathway in cultured cells, although the pathological outcomes...

Aeromonas salmonicida‐secreted protein AopP is a potent inducer of apoptosis in a mammalian and a Drosophila model

Cellular Microbiology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

SummarySome pathogens are able to establish themselves within the host because they have evolved mechanisms to disrupt host innate immunity. For example, a number of pathogens secrete preformed effector proteins via type III secretion apparatuses that influence innate immune or apoptotic signalling pathways. One group of effector proteins that usurp innate immune signalling is the YopJ‐like family of bacterial effector proteins, which includes AopP from Aeromonas salmonicida. Aeromonas species are known to cause gastrointestinal disease in humans, and are associated mainly with subcutaneous wound infections and septicaemia in other metazoans, particularly fish. AopP has been reported to have inhibitory activity against the NF‐κB pathway in cultured cells, although the pathological out...

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A unique epidermal mucus lectin identified from catfish (Silurus asotus): first evidence of intelectin in fish skin slime

Journal of Biochemistry — Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The present study reports a new type of skin mucus lectin found in catfish Silurus asotus. The lectin exhibited calcium-dependent mannose-binding activity. When mannose eluate from chromatography with mannose-conjugated agarose was analysed by SDS–PAGE, the lectin appeared as a single 35-kDa band. Gel filtration showed that the lectin forms monomers and dimers. A 1216-bp cDNA sequence obtained by RACE–PCR from the skin encoded a 308 amino acid secretory protein with homology to mammalian and fish intelectins. RT–PCR demonstrated that the lectin gene was expressed in the gill, kidney and skin. Subsequent sequencing revealed the presence of an isoform in the gills. Antiserum detected the intelectin protein in club cells in the skin and gill, renal tubules and blood plasma. ...

Effect of dietary arginine on growth, intestinal enzyme activities and gene expression in muscle, hepatopancreas and intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian).

The British Journal of Nutrition — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chen G, Feng L, Kuang S, Liu Y, Jiang J, Hu K, Jiang W, Li S, Tang L, Zhou X Abstract The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary arginine promotes digestion and absorption capacity, and, thus, enhances fish growth. This improvement might be related to the target of rapamycin (TOR) and eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP). A total of 1200 juvenile Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian, with an average initial weight of 6·33 (se 0·03) g, were fed with diets containing graded concentrations of arginine, namely, 9·8 (control), 12·7, 16·1, 18·5, 21·9 and 24·5 g arginine/kg diet for 9 weeks. An real-time quantitative PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative expression of TOR and 4E-BP in fish muscle, hepatopancreas and intestine. Dietary ar...

Secreted glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against microbial infection in aquaculture

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Localizations of GAPDHs from these pathogenic bacteria were similar to many other causative agents. And GAPDHs could be important protective antigens and give remarkable cross immunity against different pathogens.Significance and Impact of the Study: Recombinant GAPDH could be designed as a broad spectrum vaccine candidate against multiple microbial infections in aquaculture. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

Interactions of bacteria with different mechanisms for chitin degradation result in the formation of a mixed‐species biofilm

FEMS Microbiology Letters — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study shows that bacteria using different chitin degradation mechanisms can co‐exist by formation of a mixed‐species biofilm. (Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters)

Antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles immunoassay for direct detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissues

Journal of Fish Diseases — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 18:10:27 +0100

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a disease that affects both salmonid and non‐salmonid fish. Detection of A. salmonicida can be labour intensive and time consuming because of the difficulties in distinguishing the bacterium from other species given the wide variety of existing biochemical profiles and the slow growth characteristics which allow other organisms to overgrow the A. salmonicida. Herein, we report the development of a specific immunoassay using gold‐conjugated polyclonal antibodies for the rapid detection of A. salmonicida in fish tissues. Monodispersible 13‐nm gold nanoparticles were coated with polyclonal antibodies specific to A. salmonicida. Reddish purple agglutination of gold particles indicated the presence of A. salmonicid...

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Two-Component QseBC Signaling System Regulates In Vitro and In Vivo Virulence of Aeromonas hydrophila.

Microbiology — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this report, we identified and characterized the QseBC QS system in A. hydrophila SSU and found that, as was the case with enterohemorrhagic E. coli, the open reading frames for the qseB (the response regulator) and qseC (the sensor histidine kinase) genes overlapped by 4 bp at the ATGA motif. Our data provided evidence that deletion of the qseB gene from A. hydrophila resulted in attenuation of bacterial virulence in a septicemic mouse model of infection and diminished swimming and swarming motility, and the mutant bacteria formed denser biofilms when compared to those from the parental strain of A. hydrophila. The decrease in the virulence of the A. hydrophila qseB mutant correlated with reduced production of protease and the cytotoxic enterotoxin, which has associated hemolytic activ...

Development of an antibody ELISA for potency testing of furunculosis (Aeromonas salmonicida subsp salmonicida) vaccines in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L).

Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Romstad AB, Reitan LJ, Midtlyng P, Gravningen K, Evensen O Abstract The study was conducted in Atlantic salmon to establish the initial and basic scientific documentation for an alternative batch potency test for salmon furuculosis vaccines. We assessed the antibody response development for Aeromonas salmonicida vaccines at different immunisation temperatures (3, 12 and 18 °C), by an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks post vaccination, and the correlation between antibody response and protection in cohabitation challenge experiments performed 6 and 12 weeks post vaccination. Fish immunised with a vaccine containing full antigen dose had a significant increase in antibody response after 252 day degrees and the measured values correlated well wi...

The effect of metals on condition and pathologies of European eel (Anguilla anguilla): In situ and laboratory experiments.

Aquatic Toxicology — Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Esteve C, Alcaide E, Ureña R Abstract Forty-nine wild eels (Anguilla anguilla) caught in the Albufera Lake (Spain), measuring 24.0-75.0cm in length and 25.0-637.7g in weight, were examined for metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn), condition (CI and HSI indices), as well as for diseases (Anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). Total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (W(B)>200g; L≥500mm) exhibited the highest amounts of Co, Cu, Hg, Se and Zn. Diverse effects may be expected in these big eels due to long-term metal exposure. In fact, IMBI (individual mean (multi-metal) bioaccumulation index) and copper load (Ln) in particular, were significantly related wi...

Extended-Spectrum {beta}-Lactamase-Producing Aeromonas Bacteremia at a Medical Center in Southern Taiwan.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the ESBL producers among Aeromonas blood isolates exists, clinical suspicion of ESBL production should be raised in treating infections due to cefotaxime-resistant Aeromonas isolates. PMID: 21968366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Molecular basis of sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance in fish-pathogenic Aeromonas isolates.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kadlec K, von Czapiewski E, Kaspar H, Wallmann J, Michael GB, Steinacker U, Schwarz S Abstract Sulfonamide-trimethoprim-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida and motile Aeromonas spp. from diseased fish of the GERM-Vet study carried the sul1 gene together with mostly cassette-borne trimethoprim resistance genes, including the novel gene dfrA28. The seven dfrA and dfrB genes identified were located mostly in class 1 integrons which commonly harbored other gene cassettes. PMID: 21764945 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

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Aeromonas hydrophila motY is essential for polar flagellum function, and requires coordinate expression of motX and Pom proteins.

Microbiology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Molero R, Wilhelms M, Infanzón B, Tomás JM, Merino S Abstract By the analysis of the Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC7966(T) genome we identified A. hydrophila AH-3 MotY. A. hydrophila MotY, like MotX, is essential for the polar flagellum function energized by an electrochemical potential of Na(+) as coupling ion, but is not involved in lateral flagella function energized by the proton motive force. Thus, the A. hydrophila polar flagellum stator is a complex integrated by two essential proteins, MotX and MotY, which interact with one of two redundant pairs of proteins, PomAB and PomA(2)B(2). In an A. hydrophila motX mutant, polar flagellum motility is restored by motX complementation, but the ability of the A. hydrophila motY mutant to swim is not restored by introduction of th...

Isolation and Partial Characterization of a Virulent Bacteriophage IHQ1 Specific for Aeromonas punctata from Stream Water.

Microbial Ecology — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we described the isolation and preliminary characterization of bacteriophage IHQ1 (family Myoviridae) active against the Gram-negative bacterial strain A. punctata. This virulent bacteriophage was isolated from stream water sample. Genome analysis indicated that phage IHQ1 was a double-stranded DNA virus with an approximate genome size of 25-28 kb. The initial characterization of this newly isolated phage showed that it has a narrow host range and infects only A. punctata as it failed to infect seven other clinically isolated pathogenic strains, i.e., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 6403, MRSA 17644, Acinetobacter 33408, Acinetobacter 1172, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 22250, P. aeruginosa 11219, and Escherichia coli. Proteomic pattern of phage IHQ1, generated by SDS-...

A Specific Inorganic Triphosphatase from N. europaea [Protein Structure and Folding]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The CYTH superfamily of proteins is named after its two founding members, the CyaB adenylyl cyclase from Aeromonas hydrophila and the human 25-kDa thiamine triphosphatase. Because these proteins often form a closed β-barrel, they are also referred to as triphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes (TTM). Functionally, they are characterized by their ability to bind triphosphorylated substrates and divalent metal ions. These proteins exist in most organisms and catalyze different reactions depending on their origin. Here we investigate structural and catalytic properties of the recombinant TTM protein from Nitrosomonas europaea (NeuTTM), a 19-kDa protein. Crystallographic data show that it crystallizes as a dimer and that, in contrast to other TTM proteins, it has an open β-barrel structure. We dem...

Acanthamoeba polyphaga, a potential environmental vector for the transmission of food‐borne and opportunistic pathogens

Journal of Basic Microbiology — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractThe endosymbiotic relationship could represent for many bacteria an important condition favouring their spread in the environment and in foods. For this purpose we studied the behaviour of some food‐borne and opportunistic pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia enterocolitica) when internalized in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Our results confirm the capability of the bacteria tested to grow within amoebal hosts. We can observe two types of interactions of the bacteria internalized in A. polyphaga. The first type, showed by Y. enterocolitica and A. hydrophila, was characterized by an early replication, probably followed by the killing and digestion of the bacteria. The seco...

Mitogenic response and probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenously pickled vegetables and fermented beverages

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:53:05 +0100

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria from indigenous pickled vegetables and fermented beverages (fermented rice and Madhuca longifolia flowers) were isolated and investigated for their functional characteristics in vitro as potential new probiotic strains. Four isolates (all Lactobacillus spp.) selected on the basis of high tolerance to bile (0.2%) were identified by standard and molecular methods (16S rDNA) as L. helveticus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii and L. bulgaricus from pickled vegetables and fermented beverages respectively. These selected strains had antibiotic resistance, tolerance to artificial gastric juice and phenol (0.4%), enzymatic profile, and antagonistic activity against enteric pathogens (Enterobacter sakazakii, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri 2a, Listeria ...

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Bacterial Community Associated with the Intestinal Tract of P. monodon in Commercial Farms.

Microbial Ecology — Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, the intestinal bacterial communities of juvenile P. monodon (70 individuals) from eight commercial farms in Thailand were examined using 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE, and seven 16S rDNA clone libraries from representative DGGE profiles were constructed. Bacteria in the γ-Proteobacteria class were the only common bacteria group found in the intestinal tracts of shrimp from all farms. The dominant bacterial genera in the intestinal population of each shrimp varied among different farms, and these genera were Vibrio, Photobacterium, Aeromonas, or Propionigenium (phylum Fusobacteria). Other commonly found genera included Actinomyces, Anaerobaculum, Halospirulina, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma, and Shewanella. Twelve phyla of bacteria including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobac...

Clinical characteristics of seven patients with Aeromonas septicemia in a Japanese hospital.

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine — Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:56:02 +0100

Authors: Morinaga Y, Yanagihara K, Araki N, Harada Y, Yamada K, Akamatsu N, Matsuda J, Nishino T, Hasegawa H, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Yasuoka A, Kohno S, Kamihira S Abstract The genus Aeromonas comprises flagellated gram-negative rods widely distributed in freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. Aeromonas species may cause a variety of illnesses in humans, such as enterocolitis and septicemia, especially in warmer tropical or subtropical environments. To recognize the characteristics of Aeromonas septicemia in Japan, we reviewed laboratory data and medical records in our hospital. During 11 years (from 2000 to 2010), Aeromonas septicemia was observed in seven patients involving six female subjects. Six patients were observed in summer or fall. The incidence of Aer...

Dose dependence specific and non-specific immune responses of Indian major carp (L. rohita Ham) to intraperitoneal injection of formalin killed Aeromonas hydrophila whole cell vaccine

Veterinary Research Communications — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:51:32 +0100

Abstract Specific and non-specific immune response to different doses of formalin killed whole cell vaccine of Aeromonas hydrophila to Indian major carp (Labeo rohita) was evaluated in laboratory condition. Three different doses (105 CFU/ml, 107 CFU/ml, 1010 CFU/ml) were administered (0.2 ml/fish) intraperitoneally for 1 month. Among the three doses, 1010 CFU/ml elicited the highest antibody and protective response followed by the doses 107 CFU/ml and 105 CFU/ml. Upon challenge with the virulent strain of A. hydrophila, the relative percentage of survival was recorded up to 80% at highest dose of 1010 CFU/ml. The non-specific responses, similar to the specific immune responses were also maximum at highest dose of 1010 CFU/ml. Similar ...

Characterization of a ViI-like Phage Specific to Escherichia coli O157:H7

Virology Journal — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Phage vB_EcoM_CBA120 (CBA120), isolated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 from a cattle feedlot, is morphologically very similar to the classic phage ViI of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Until recently, little was known genetically or physiologically about the ViI-like phages, and none targeting E. coli have been described in the literature. The genome of CBA120 has been fully sequenced and is highly similar to those of both ViI and the Shigella phage AG3. The core set of structural and replication-related proteins of CBA120 are homologous to those from T-even phages, but generally are more closely related to those from T4-like phages of Vibrio, Aeromonas and cyanobacteria than those of the Enterobacteriaceae. The baseplate and method of adhesion to the host are, however, very differen...

Evaluation of an in vitro cell assay to select attenuated bacterial mutants of Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda to channel catfish

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The in vitro cell assay might be initially used to screen large quantities of bacteria to select attenuated mutants of catfish pathogens. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

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Prevalence, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas Strains from Various Retail Food Products in Mumbai, India

Journal of Food Science — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Abstract: A total of 154 food samples (chicken, fish, and ready‐to‐eat sprouts) from various retail outlets in Mumbai, India, were analyzed for the presence of Aeromonas spp. over a period of 2 y (January 2006 to March 2008). Twenty‐two Aeromonas isolates belonging to 7 different species were isolated from 18 (11.7%) food samples. The highest percentages of isolation were from chicken (28.6%) followed by fish (20%) and sprout (2.5%) samples. Aeromonas caviae, A. veronii bv. sobria, and A. salmonicida were the most frequently isolated species from sprouts, chicken, and fish samples, respectively. The genes encoding for putative virulence factors, cytotoxic enterotoxin (act), hemolysin (hly), aerolysin (aer), elastase (ahyB), and lipase (lip) were detected using ...

Culture-Based and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of the Bacterial Community Structure from the Intestinal Tracts of Earthworms(Eisenia fetida).

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hong SW, Kim IS, Lee JS, Chung KS Abstract The bacterial communities in the intestinal tracts of earthworm were investigated by culture-dependent and - independent approaches. In total, 72 and 55 pure cultures were isolated from the intestinal tracts of earthworms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. Aerobic bacteria were classified as Aeromonas (40%), Bacillus (37%), Photobacterium (10%), Pseudomonas (7%), and Shewanella (6%). Anaerobic bacteria were classified as Aeromonas (52%), Bacillus (27%), Shewanella (12%), Paenibacillus (5%), Clostridium (2%), and Cellulosimicrobium (2%). The dominant microorganisms were Aeromonas and Bacillus species under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In all, 39 DNA fragments were identified by polymerase chain reaction...

Indentification and molecular characterization of the interleukin-10 receptor 1 of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.).

Developmental and Comparative Immunology — Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Grayfer L, Belosevic M Abstract This is the first report of the identification and molecular characterization of an interleukin-10 receptor 1 in bony fish. By gene synteny analysis, we identified the zebrafish interleukin-10 receptor 1 (IL10R1) and using this IL10R1 sequence, we cloned the goldfish IL10R1 cDNA transcript. The identified fish IL10R1 protein sequences had a putative JAK1 binding site, only one of the two STAT3 binding sites, that are present in all other vertebrates IL10R1 proteins as well as C-terminal serine rich areas, believed to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of IL10R1. Phylogenetically, the fish IL10R1 proteins grouped independently of the amphibian, avian and mammalian IL10R1s. Quantitative gene expression analysis of the IL10R1 o...

Prevalence, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas Strains from Various Retail Food Products in Mumbai, India

Journal of Food Science — Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The Incidence of Aeromonas Species in the Feces of Nondiarrheic Horses

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The objectives of this study were to determine whether Aeromonas species can be shed in the feces of nondiarrheic adult horses and identify any effects of season of year, transportation, and hospitalization on possible fecal shedding of Aeromonas species. Feces were cultured for Aeromonas and Salmonella species from 138 nondiarrheic adult horses examined in the hospital and by field services for complaints other than gastrointestinal disease. Fecal Aeromonas and Salmonella species were isolated from 6.5% and 2.2% of nondiarrheic horses, respectively. All Aeromonas isolates were identified as A caviae. There were no apparent effects on time of year, hospitalization, or transport on isolation of Aeromonas species from feces. Isolation of Aeromonas species from diarrheic horses in the absence...

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Characterization of the siderophore transport genes in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 06:17:14 +0100

In this study, we characterized six ABC transporter proteins immediately downstream of a sigma factor as AsbI, which were denominated AsbH, AsbJ, AsbK, AsbL, AsbQ, and AsbM, and a siderophore receptor as AsbE. All studied genes showed a high similarity with other siderophore transporter genes in other gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, asbH and asbJ genes were shown to encode a mixed-permease, ATP-binding protein. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis demonstrated that the gene cluster is arranged into two transcriptional units: (1) asbIHJKLQM and (2) asbE. It also showed that the expression of these genes is regulated by iron concentration. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00580-011-1310-8Authors Mohsen Najimi, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary...

Aeromonas spp.-mediated cell-contact cytotoxicity is associated with the presence of type III secretion system.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Krzymińska S, Mokracka J, Koczura R, Cwiertnia A, Kaznowski A In the study we examined the production of cytotonic and cytotoxic toxins and the presence of a type III secretion system (TTSS) in 64 Aeromonas spp. strains isolated from fecal specimens of patients with gastroenteritis. We observed that contact of the bacteria with host epithelial cells is a prerequisite for their cytotoxicity at 3 h incubation. Cell-contact cytotoxic activity of the strains was strongly associated with the presence of the TTSS. Culture supernatants of the strains induced low cytotoxicity effects at the same time of incubation. Cell-free supernatants of 61 (95%) isolates expressed cytotoxic activity which caused the destruction of HEp-2 cells at 24 h. Moreover, 44% strains were cytotonic toward...

Characterization of the siderophore transport protein AsbJ in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 15:44:20 +0100

This study attempted to characterize and ascertain the role of a siderophore ABC transporter protein AsbJ in siderophore transporter system in this bacterial pathogen. Prediction of protein domains was carried out, and deleted asbJ gene mutant strain was constructed. Results showed that this protein contains special domain related to permease and ATP-binding protein, and it is essential for the siderophore transport process in this bacterial fish pathogen. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00580-011-1292-6Authors Mohsen Najimi, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Journal Comparative Clinical PathologyOnline ISSN 1618-565XPrint ISSN 1618-5641 (Source: Comparative Clinical Pathology)

Bioremediation and Detoxification of Synthetic Wastewater Containing Triarylmethane Dyes by Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Industrial Effluent

International Journal of Biomedical Imaging — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 15:31:09 +0100

In this study, a novel bacterial strain capable of decolorizing triarylmethane dyes was isolated from a textile wastewater treatment plant in Greece. The bacterial isolate was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and was shown to decolorize three triarylmethane dyes tested within 24 h with color removal in the range of 72% to 96%. Decolorization efficiency of the bacterium was a function of operational parameters (aeration, dye concentration, temperature, and pH) and the optimal operational conditions obtained for decolorization of the dyes were: pH 7-8, 35∘C and culture agitation. Effective color removal within 24 h was obtained at a maximum dye concentration of 50 mg/L. Dye decolorization was monitored using a scanning UV/visible spectrophotometer which ...

Physical, chemical and microbiological quality of ice used to cool drinks and foods in Greece and its public health implications.

Anaerobe — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gerokomou V, Voidarou C, Vatopoulos A, Velonakis E, Rozos G, Alexopoulos A, Plessas S, Stavropoulou E, Bezirtzoglou E, Demertzi KA, Demertzis PG Ice used for direct human consumption or to preserve foods and cool down drinks can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and may potentially become a vehicle for consumer's infection. To evaluate physical, chemical and microbiological quality of commercial ice and ice used for fish and seafood, 100 ice samples collected at 10 different retail points in the region of Epirus were studied. The following microbiological parameters were determined: Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Escherichiacoli, Campylobacter sp., Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostri...

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Soft Tissue Infections Caused by Marine Bacterial Pathogens: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Current Infectious Disease Reports — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:04:52 +0100

Abstract Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are one of the most common infection syndromes and may be caused by a large number of microorganisms. Some principles of aquatic injuries are different than those of land-based trauma. Wounds sustained in marine environment are exposed to a milieu of bacteria rarely encountered in different settings. These include Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Shewanella spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycobacterium marinum, Streptococcus iniae, and other microbes. Failure to recognize and treat these uncommon pathogens in a timely manner may result in significant morbidity or death. These infections are frequently contracted as a result of recreational swimming, fishing injuries, or seafood handling. The spectrum of manifestations is wide,...

Incidence of class 1 integron and other antibiotic resistance determinants in Aeromonas spp. from rainbow trout farms in Australia

Journal of Fish Diseases — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 01:05:47 +0100

AbstractThere is limited information on antibiotic resistance determinants present in bacteria of aquaculture origin in Australia. The presence of integron and other resistance determinants was investigated in 90 Aeromonas isolates derived from nine freshwater trout farms in Victoria (Australia). Polymerase chain reaction was carried out for the detection of integrase genes Int1, Int2 and Int3, gene cassette array, integron‐associated aadA, sul1 and qac1 genes, streptomycin resistance genes strA‐strB, β‐lactamase resistance genes blaTEM and blaSHV, and tetracycline resistance genes tetA‐E and tetM. Clonal analysis was performed by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Class 1 integrons were detected in 28/90 (31%) and class 2 and class 3 in none of the strains, aadA gene in 1...

Comparative molecular characterization of the regucalcin (RGN) gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and maraena whitefish (Coregonus marena).

Molecular Biology Reports — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Verleih M, Rebl A, Köllner B, Korytář T, Anders E, Wimmers K, Goldammer T The Ca(2+)-binding protein regucalcin (RGN) is crucial for the regulation of Ca(2+) ion homeostasis and signal transduction of cells. It is involved in the regulation of Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases and Ca(2+) pump enzymes in cell membranes. Comparative transcriptome analysis in healthy fish of two aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lines (BORN, TCO) varying in susceptibility to environmental stress identified significant differences in the expression of the RGN gene. Therefore, we firstly determined the full genomic DNA and cDNA sequence of RGN gene from rainbow trout and comparatively investigated the complete cDNA sequence in another salmonid fish dedicated for local aquaculture, ...

The influence of the discharging sewage on microbial diversity in sludge from Dongting Lake

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 17:55:50 +0100

Abstract Human activities have a tremendous impact not only on the macroscopic world, but also on the micro-organisms. Here, Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) was used for assessing the effect of the industrial sewage on the microbial community in sludge of Dongting Lake, the second-largest freshwater lake in China. The sludge samples from the outfall of the representative nitrogenous fertilizer plant near the lake were collected in March, 2010, and the sludge samples from the surrounding waters were treated as the control. The multi-element analysis results showed that the content of nitrogen, phosphorus in Sample SY were 1.9 and 1.47 times of the control group respectively. Based on restriction patterns derived from ARDRA, 26 representative clones (15 ...

Gastrointestinal Colonization Rates for Human Clinical Isolates of Aeromonas Veronii Using a Mouse Model.

Current Microbiology — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study monitors the colonization rates of colon tissue in a mouse-streptomycin dose/response model involving isolates of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria obtained from human clinical specimens. The ability to successfully colonize mouse colon tissues by the human clinical isolates was then compared with the rates achieved in a previous study of Aeromonas isolates obtained from environmental drinking water samples. Results suggest that strains of Aeromonas isolated from drinking water environmental samples contain pathogenic and virulence capabilities similar to those seen in Aeromonas veronii clinical isolates from human infections. PMID: 21779939 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Microbiology)

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Characterization of granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor of the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.).

Developmental and Comparative Immunology — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study we report on the cloning and molecular characterization of goldfish GCSFR. The identified goldfish GCSFR sequence possesses the conserved Ig-like domain, the cytokine receptor homology domain (CRH), three fibronectin domains as well as several intracellular signaling motifs characteristic of other vertebrate GCSFRs. Goldfish gcsfr mRNA was highly expressed in kidney and spleen, and in primary kidney neutrophils. The neutrophils have significantly higher mRNA levels of the transcription factors pu.1 and cebpα, and down-regulated levels of transcription factors important for macrophage development such as egr1 and cjun, compared to progenitor cells from the kidney. The gcsfr mRNA was present in the kidney progenitor cells, albeit at much lower levels compared to the neutrophil...

Molecular characterization of nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-2, analysis of its inductive expression and down-stream signaling following ligands exposure and bacterial infection in rohu (Labeo rohita).

Developmental and Comparative Immunology — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study may be helpful for the development of preventive measures against infectious diseases in fish. PMID: 21767564 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology)

Identification of Aeromonas isolates by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Abstract: We evaluated the accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for identifying aeromonads with an extraction procedure. Genus-level accuracy was 100%. Compared to rpoB gene sequencing, species-level accuracy was 90.6% (29/32) for type and reference strains and 91.4% for a collection of 139 clinical and environmental isolates, making this system one of the most accurate and rapid methods for phenotypic identification. The reliability of this technique was very promising, although some improvements in database composition, taxonomy, and discriminatory power are needed. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

Aeromonas hydrophila motY is essential for polar flagellum function, requires coordinate expression of motX and Pom proteins.

Microbiology — Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Molero R, Wilhelms M, Infanzon B, Tomas JM, Merino S By the analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC7966T genome we identified A. hydrophila AH-3 MotY. A. hydrophila MotY, like MotX, is essential for the polar flagellum function energized by an electrochemical potential of Na+ as coupling ion, but is not involved in lateral flagella function energized by proton motive force. Thus, A. hydrophila polar flagellum stator is a complex integrated by two essential proteins: MotX and MotY, which interact with one of two redundant pairs of proteins: PomAB and PomA2B2. In A. hydrophila motX mutant, polar flagellum motility is restored by motX complementation, but the ability of A. hydrophila motY mutant to swim is not restored by introduction of the wild type motY alone. However, its polar...

Three goose-type lysozymes in the gastropod Oncomelania hupensis: cDNA sequences and lytic activity of recombinant proteins.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology — Sat, 02 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the finding of three g-type lysozymes in O. hupensis provides structural and functional evidence of multiple g-type lysozymes in gastropod, which may have evolutional implication in the snail-trematode system. PMID: 21756934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental and Comparative Immunology)

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Molecular detection and cloning of thermostable hemolysin gene from Aeromonas hydrophila.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia — Fri, 01 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Singh V, Mani I, Chaudhary DK, Somvanshi P Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a major bacterial pathogen associated with hemorrhagic septicemia in aquatic and terrestrial animals including humans. There is an urgent need to develop molecular and immunological assays for rapid, specific and sensitive diagnosis. A new set of primers has been designed for detection of thermostable hemolysin (TH) gene (645 bp) from A. hydrophila, and sensitivity limit for detection of TH gene was 5 pg. The TH gene was cloned, sequenced and analyzed. The G+C content was 68.06%; and phylogeny was constructed using TH protein sequences which had significant homology with those for thermostable and other hemolysins present in several bacterial pathogens. In addition, we have predicted the four and e...

Lactobacillus plantarum (VR1) isolated from an Ayurvedic medicine (Kutajarista) ameliorates in vitro cellular damage caused by Aeromonas veronii

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: This is the first study to report isolation of L. plantarum VR1 from Kutajarista and characterisation for its probiotic attributes. Our study demonstrates the antagonistic property of VR1 to A. veronii and effect of VR1 CFS in reduction of cellular damage caused by A. veronii in both Vero and MDCK cell lines. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

The microbiological profile and presence of bloodstream infection influence mortality rates in necrotizing fasciitis

Critical Care — Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Mortality in patients with necrotizing fasciitis was significantly associated with the presence of Vibrio in wound cultures and Streptococcus group A in blood cultures. (Source: Critical Care)

Immune Role of Phosvitin in Zebrafish Embryo [Cell Biology]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

How fish embryos that develop externally survive microbial attacks is poorly understood. Here, we clearly demonstrated that the embryo extract of zebrafish and its early embryo both displayed antimicrobial activity against microbes, including pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, and phosvitin (Pv), a nutritional protein abundant in eggs, was related to this antimicrobial activity. We also showed that recombinant Pv (rPv) acted as a pattern recognition receptor capable of recognizing the microbial signature molecules LPS, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycan, as well as binding the Gram-negative and -positive microbes Escherichia coli, A. hydrophila, and Staphylococcus aureus and functioned as an antimicrobial agent capable of killing the microbes. Furthermore, we revealed that its C-terminal 5...

Biocatalysed halogenation of nucleobase analogues.

Biotechnology Letters — Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Médici R, Garaycoechea JI, Dettorre LA, Iribarren AM, Lewkowicz ES The synthesis of halogenated nucleosides and nucleobases is of interest due to their chemical and pharmacological applications. Herein, the enzymatic halogenation of nucleobases and analogues catalysed by microorganisms and by chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago has been studied. This latter enzyme catalysed the chlorination and bromination of indoline and uracil. Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Streptomyces, Xanthomonas, and Bacillus genera catalysed the chlorination and/or bromination of indole and indoline. Different products were obtained depending on the substrate, the biocatalyst and the halide used. In particular, 85% conversion from indole to 5-bromoindole was achieved using Streptomyces ce...

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Diversity of protease‐producing marine bacteria from sub‐antarctic environments

Journal of Basic Microbiology — Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractFrom seawater and the intestines of benthonic organisms collected from the Beagle Channel, Argentina, 230 marine bacteria were isolated. Cultivable bacteria were characterized and classified as psychrotolerant, whereas few isolates were psychrophiles. These isolates were capable of producing proteases at 4 and 15 °C under neutral (pH 7.0), alkaline (pH 10.0) and acidic (pH 4.5) conditions on different media, revealing 62, 33 and 22% producers at cold and 84, 47 and 33% producers at low temperatures, respectively. More protease‐producing strains (67%) were detected when isolated from benthic invertebrates as compared to seawater (33%), with protease production under neutral conditions resulting in milk protein hydrolysis halos between 27 and 30 ± 2 mm in diameter. Using sterile ...

Enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in tripoli-libya.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Rahouma A, Klena JD, Krema Z, Abobker AA, Treesh K, Franka E, Abusnena O, Shaheen HI, El Mohammady H, Abudher A, Ghenghesh KS Abstract. Stool samples from children < 5 years of age with diarrhea (N = 239) were examined for enteric pathogens using a combination of culture, enzyme-immunoassay, and polymerase chain reaction methods. Pathogens were detected in 122 (51%) stool samples; single pathogens were detected in 37.2% and co-pathogens in 13.8% of samples. Norovirus, rotavirus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were the most frequently detected pathogens (15.5%, 13.4%, and 11.2%, respectively); Salmonella, adenovirus, and Aeromonas were detected less frequently (7.9%, 7.1%, and 4.2%). The most commonly detected DEC was enteroaggregative E. coli (5.4%). Resistance to...

Bacterial communities in the gut of the freshwater copepod Eudiaptomus gracilis

Journal of Basic Microbiology — Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractEudiaptomus gracilis is the most abundant member of the zooplankton, plays a key role in the food web of Lake Balaton (Hungary). In the present study the composition of bacterial communities of this copepod was investigated based on cultivation and molecular cloning. The cultivated bacterial strains from the gut homogenate samples of Eudiaptomus gracilis belonged to four different clades: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria. Clone library showed high species diversity, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, representatives of Deinococcus‐Thermus lineage and Cyanobacteria were detected. The isolated strains were very effective in degradation of different biopolymers. Many of the detected bacteria are known as opportunistic human or fish pathogens (Pse...

The influence of environmental bacteria in freshwater stingray wound-healing.

Toxicon — Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, the bacteria present in Potamotrygonmotoro stingray mucus and in the Alto Paraná river water were identified, and their ability to induce tissue injury and resist antibiotics was determined. Biochemical identification analysis showed that 97% of all bacterial isolates were Gram negative, Aeromonas spp., Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii being the species most prevalent. Gelatinase and caseinase were produced by Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Erythrocyte hemolysis assay showed that A.sobria, A.hydrophila and to a lesser extent, other Gram-negative bacteria produced hemolysin. It was also observed that molecules released in culture by these bacteria were toxic to human epithelial cells. Antibiogram results showed that 68...

High catalytic efficiency and resistance to denaturing in bacterial Rho GTPase-activating proteins

Biological Chemistry — Mon, 23 May 2011 15:25:18 +0100

This study expands our knowledge of the mechanism of action of GAPs and of the ways bacteria mimic host activities and promote catalysis of eukaryotic signaling proteins. (Source: Biological Chemistry)

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Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase AsbD is expressed in iron-limited conditions in the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida

Comparative Clinical Pathology — Thu, 19 May 2011 16:34:13 +0100

In this study using a siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster previously described, the asbD gene which encodes a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase was studied. Total protein of null mutant and wild-type strains, in iron-repleted and iron-depleted conditions, was extracted and loaded onto polyacrylamide gel. Only the wild-type strain in iron-depleted conditions expressed a 160-KDa protein. These results confirmed that asbD is an iron-regulated gene, and AsbD protein is expressed only in iron-limited conditions. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s00580-011-1246-zAuthors Mohsen Najimi, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, P.O. Box 98615-538, Zabol, 986167831 Iran Journal Comparative Clinical PathologyOnline ISSN 1618-565...

Comparative evaluation of Chromogenic agar CM1046 and mFC agar for detection of E. coli and thermotolerant coliform bacteria from water samples.

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The use of CM 1046 for the detection and enumeration of E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water samples is a suitable alternative to the AS/NZS Standard method.Significance and Impact of the study: The use of CM1046 agar was less labour intensive and time consuming, as no secondary confirmation steps were required. Confirmed results could be reported within 24 hr of sample analysis, as compared to 48 hr with the reference method. Public health concerns can be addressed in a more efficient manner. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

Comparative evaluation of chromogenic agar CM1046 and mFC agar for detection of E. coli and thermotolerant coliform bacteria from water samples

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The use of CM 1046 for the detection and enumeration of E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water samples is a suitable alternative to the AS/NZS Standard Method.Significance and Impact of the study: The use of CM1046 agar was less labour intensive and time consuming, as no secondary confirmation steps were required. Confirmed results could be reported within 24 h of sample analysis, as compared to 48 h with the reference method. Public health concerns can be addressed in a more efficient manner. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)

Genome-level homology and phylogeny of Shewanella (Gammaproteobacteria: Alteromonadales: Shewanellaceae)

BioMed Central — Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Individual phylogenetic analyses of the 243 locally co-linear genome regions all failed to recover the genome topology, but the smaller data-sets that were random samplings of the large concatenated alignments all produced the genome topology. It is shown that there is not a single homologous copy of 16S rRNA across the taxon sampling included in this study and that the relationships among the multiple copies are consistent with 16S rRNA undergoing concerted evolution. Unannotated whole genome data can provide excellent raw material for generating hypotheses of historical homology, which can be tested with phylogenetic analysis and compared with hypotheses of gene function. (Source: BioMed Central)

Structural insights into quinolone antibiotic resistance mediated by pentapeptide repeat proteins: conserved surface loops direct the activity of a Qnr protein from a Gram-negative bacterium

Nucleic Acids Research — Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Quinolones inhibit bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases (e.g. DNA gyrase) and are among the most important antibiotics in current use. However, their efficacy is now being threatened by various plasmid-mediated resistance determinants. Of these, the pentapeptide repeat-containing (PRP) Qnr proteins are believed to act as DNA mimics and are particularly prevalent in Gram-negative bacteria. Predicted Qnr-like proteins are also present in numerous environmental bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that one such, Aeromonas hydrophila AhQnr, is soluble, stable, and relieves quinolone inhibition of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase, thus providing an appropriate model system for Gram-negative Qnr proteins. The AhQnr crystal structure, the first for any Gram-negative Qnr, reveals two prominent loops (1 and 2...

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Osteomyelitis associated to CTX-M-15-producing Aeromonas hydrophila: First description in the literature

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Wed, 04 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100

The major threat for β-lactams antibiotics is the β-lactamase production. β-lactamases with the highest clinical impact are extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (). Most countries have recently experienced rapid dissemination of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates, mainly due to the CTX-M-type. Specifically, CTX-M-15 has recently emerged as the dominant type of ESBL in Gram-negative pathogens (). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and structure modeling of OmpR, the response regulator of Aeromonas hydrophila.

Molecular Biology Reports — Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

This study would be helpful for structure based drug design approaches to generate drugs against this harmful pathogen to control its proliferation in both human and fish hosts. PMID: 21533905 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Molecular Biology Reports)

Medicinal leeches and the microsurgeon: A four‐year study, clinical series and risk benefit review

Microsurgery — Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Our study highlights both the benefits and the risks to patients in selected clinical situations and also the potential risks. The routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis is supported. In view of the emerging evidence that Hirudo verbana are now used as standard leech therapy, and the primary pathogen is Aeromonas veronii, until a large prospective multicenter study is published, large series of patients treated with leeches should be reported. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011. (Source: Microsurgery)

Molecular basis of toxicity of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin

FEBS Journal — Fri, 22 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractClostridium perfringensε‐toxin is produced by toxinotypes B and D strains. The toxin is the etiologic agent of dysentery in newborn lambs, but is also associated with enteritis and enterotoxaemia in goats, calves and foals. It is also considered to be a potential biowarfare or bioterrorism agent by the U.S. Government Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. The relatively inactive 32.9 kDa prototoxin is converted to active mature toxin by proteolytic cleavage, either by digestive proteases of the host, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, or by C. perfringensλ‐protease. In vivo, the toxin appears to target the brain and kidneys, but relatively few cell lines are susceptible to the toxin, and most work has been carried out using Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. The b...

Aeromonas Pneumonia in a Trauma Patient Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review

Surgical Infections — Thu, 21 Apr 2011 16:46:50 +0100

Surgical Infections , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Surgical Infections)

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Identification and epidemiological relationships of Aeromonas isolates from patients with diarrhea, drinking water and foods.

International Journal of Food Microbiology — Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Pablos M, Huys G, Cnockaert M, Rodríguez-Calleja JM, Otero A, Santos JA, García-López ML A collection of Aeromonas isolates obtained over a three-year period in the same geographic area (León, NW of Spain) was characterized by (GTG)(5)-PCR fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and gyrB gene sequence analysis. The isolates originated from human diarrheal stools (29 isolates), potable water (13 isolates), rabbit meat (13 isolates) and marine fish (5 isolates). The distribution of Aeromonas species varied with the strain source. Aeromonas caviae HG4 and Aeromonas media HG5 were predominant in clinical and water isolates, respectively, whereas motile Aeromonas salmonicida HG3 strains were most frequently found in fish and meat. Molecular typing...

Gene Expression Profiles of the Spleen, Liver, and Head Kidney in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Along the Infection Process with Aeromonas salmonicida Using an Immune-Enriched Oligo-microarray.

Marine Biotechnology — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Millán A, Gómez-Tato A, Pardo BG, Fernández C, Bouza C, Vera M, Alvarez-Dios JA, Cabaleiro S, Lamas J, Lemos ML, Martínez P We evaluated the expression profiles of turbot in the spleen, liver, and head kidney across five temporal points of the Aeromonas salmonicida infection process using an 8 × 15 K Agilent oligo-microarray. The microarray included 2,176 different fivefold replicated gene probes designed from a turbot 3' sequenced EST database. We were able to identify 471 differentially expressed (DE) genes (17.3% of the whole microarray), 223 in the spleen, 246 in the liver, and 125 in the head kidney, in at least one of the five temporal points sampled for each organ. Most of these genes could be annotated (83.0%) and functionally categorized using Gene Ontology ...

An in vitro screening method to evaluate chemicals as potential chemotherapeutants to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in channel catfish

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Mon, 18 Apr 2011 15:34:26 +0100

Conclusions: The in vitro screening method using catfish gill cells G1B could be used to initially identify potential effective chemotherapeutants to control A. hydrophila.Significance and Impact of the study: An in vitro screening method using catfish gill cells to identify potential effective chemotherapeutants described here will cut cost in research compared to the method of using live fish to screen lead compounds for fish disease control. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

In silico analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing based methods for identification of medically important aerobic Gram-negative bacteria.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Teng JL, Yeung MY, Yue G, Au-Yeung RK, Yeung EY, Fung AM, Tse H, Yuen KY, Lau SK, Woo PC The study is the first one that provides guidelines on the usefulness of full and 527-bp 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Microseq databases for identifying medically important aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, full and 527-bp 16S rRNA gene sequencing can identify 26.1% and 32.6% of medically important aerobic Gram-negative bacteria confidently to the species level, whereas the full-MicroSeq and 500-MicroSeq databases can identify 15.2% and 26.1% of medically important aerobic Gram-negative bacteria confidently to the species level. Among the major groups of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the methods and databases are least useful for identification of Aeromonas, Bordetella and Bartone...

Microbiological quality of grey-mullet roe.

Anaerobe — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, 48 samples of fish roe, just before waxing, were collected from various local processors for microbiological examination by using selective media and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The identification of the bacteria was carried out according to the Bergey's manual. Microscopic examination of Gram stained cells, catalase, oxidase and biochemical tests were performed when necessary to further identify. V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., and Aeromonas hydrophila were detected in one sample (2%). Shigella spp., and Flavobacterium spp. in two samples (4%), Clotriduim perfringens (vegetative forms), E. coli, and spores of Bacillus spp., were detected in three samples (6%), Staphylococcus aureus in four samples (8%). Various Micrococcus spp., an...

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Erratum: Purification of a toxic cysteine protease produced by pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from rainbow trout

Journal of Basic Microbiology — Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100

(Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology)

Aeromonas spp. induces apoptosis of epithelial cells through an oxidant dependent activation of the mitochondrial pathway.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

This study provided new insights into the mechanisms contributing to the development of Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis. The results indicated that bacteria-induced apoptosis of epithelial cells results from mitochondrial depolarization due to oxidative stress. PMID: 21436367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology)

Post-traumatic skin and soft tissue infection due to Aeromonas hydrophila

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine — Tue, 22 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

We report a case of posttraumatic skin and soft tissue infection in a patient who sustained laceration after being hit by a water tanker. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from pus and was identified to the species level by Vitek 2 and a battery of biochemical tests. The patient responded to thorough drainage, debridement of wound and 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. The patient was taken up for split skin grafting of the raw area. She was discharged with satisfactory graft uptake after 1 week without any further antibiotics advice. Follow-up after 3 weeks was satisfactory with healthy cover on the raw area and normal weight bearing on the left leg. (Source: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine)

Effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of epigeic earthworms (eisenia fetida) in vermicompost.

Bioresource Technology — Sat, 19 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hong SW, Lee JS, Chung KS We analyzed the bacterial community structure of the intestines of earthworms and determined the effect of enzyme producing microorganisms on the biomass of earthworms in vermicompost. Fifty-seven bacterial 16S rDNA clones were identified in the intestines of earthworms by using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. Entomoplasma somnilux and Bacillus licheniformis were the dominant microorganisms; other strains included Aeromonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, Ferrimonas, and uncultured bacteria. Among these strains, Photobacterium ganghwense, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Paenibacillus motobuensis were enzyme-producing microorganisms. In the mixtures that were inoculated with pure cultures of A. hydrophila WA40 a...

Microbiological quality of the ghanaian volta clam (galatea paradoxa)

Journal of Food Safety — Fri, 18 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTMicrobiological quality of the Ghanaian Volta clam (Galatea paradoxa) was assessed by fecal coliform and total aerobic bacteria counts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal eubacterial 16S and 23S rDNA primers was also used to show the presence of bacteria in samples of the gut fluid and mantle tissues. The clams were found to be laden with potential pathogenic bacteria identified by conventional methods. Twenty bacteria species were isolated. They were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. agglomerans, E. cloacae, Aeromonas sobria, Acinetobacter sp, Vibrio cholerae, Micrococcus radiodurans, Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Chromobacterium violace...

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Epithelial cell proliferation in the developing zebrafish intestine is regulated by the Wnt pathway and microbial signaling via Myd88 [Biological Sciences]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Rates of cell proliferation in the vertebrate intestinal epithelium are modulated by intrinsic signaling pathways and extrinsic cues. Here, we report that epithelial cell proliferation in the developing zebrafish intestine is stimulated both by the presence of the resident microbiota and by activation of Wnt signaling. We find that the response to microbial proliferation-promoting signals requires Myd88 but not TNF receptor, implicating host innate immune pathways but not inflammation in the establishment of homeostasis in the developing intestinal epithelium. We show that loss of axin1, a component of the β-catenin destruction complex, results in greater than WT levels of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Compared with conventionally reared axin1 mutants, germ-free axin1 mutants ...

Structural characterization of the O-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of the fish pathogen Aeromonas bestiarum strain P1S.

Carbohydrate Research — Fri, 04 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Turska-Szewczuk A, Guz L, Lindner B, Pietras H, Russa R, Holst O The O-specific polysaccharide obtained by mild-acid degradation of lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas bestiarum P1S was studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The sequence of the sugar residues was determined using (1)H,(1)H NOESY and (1)H,(13)C HMBC experiments. The O-specific polysaccharide was found to be a high-molecular-mass polysaccharide composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units of the structure Since small amounts of a terminal Quip3N residue were identified in methylation analysis, it was assumed that the elucidated structure also represented the biological repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide. PMID: 21377659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]...

Cloning and characterization of TIMP-2b gene in grass carp.

Thu, 03 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, a TIMP-2 gene was isolated from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (CiTIMP-2b) and characterized. This cDNA sequence encoded a signal peptide, an N- and a C- terminal domain. CiTIMP-2b is highly homologous to the orthologous in zebrafish and other teleosts, suggesting TIMP-2b is highly conserved during teleost evolution. CiTIMP-2b gene is expressed in a wide range of tissues including blood, brain, muscle, trunk kidney, liver, head kidney, skin, spleen, heart, gill, intestine and fin, with the highest level of transcripts in spleen. Upon challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, its expression was significantly up-regulated in all tissues. The CiTIMP-2b transcript is present at unfertilized eggs, which suggests that CiTIMP-2b transcript is maternally inherited. These results sugg...

Leeches May Transmit Antibiotic-Resistant Aeromonas Hydrophila

Medscape Infectious Diseases Headlines — Fri, 25 Feb 2011 23:02:56 +0100

A unique case of a medicinal leech transmitting an antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection during a tissue graft has raised concern among some researchers that it could happen again. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Infectious Diseases Headlines)

Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the genus Aeromonas.

Systematic and Applied Microbiology — Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Martinez-Murcia AJ, Monera A, Saavedra MJ, Oncina R, Lopez-Alvarez M, Lara E, Figueras MJ A broad multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) of the representative diversity of a genus offers the opportunity to incorporate concatenated inter-species phylogenies into bacterial systematics. Recent analyses based on single housekeeping genes have provided coherent phylogenies of Aeromonas. However, to date, a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis has never been tackled. In the present study, the intra- and inter-species phylogenetic relationships of 115 strains representing all Aeromonas species described to date were investigated by MLPA. The study included the independent analysis of seven single gene fragments (gyrB, rpoD, recA, dnaJ, gyrA, dnaX, and atpD), and the tree resulting from ...

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Antigen in chitosan coated liposomes enhances immune responses through parenteral immunization.

International Immunopharmacology — Wed, 23 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Behera T, Swain P, Sahoo SK To overcome the limitations of the use of conventional liposomes chitosan coated egg yolk lecithin based liposomes were used as antigen carrier through parenteral administration in two animal models such as fish and rabbit. Extracellular proteins (ECPs) antigen of Aeromonas hydrophila encapsulated in liposomes became more stable and induced better immune response. It enhanced both adaptive and innate immune responses than other preparations both at 21, 42 and 63days post-immunization and suggested to be a better antigen delivery system. PMID: 21354354 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology)

Leeches Can Transmit Resistant Bug, Case Study Shows (CME/CE)

MedPage Today Surgery — Tue, 22 Feb 2011 17:10:21 +0100

(MedPage Today) -- A resistant Aeromonas infection transmitted by a medicinal leech developed in a man undergoing reconstructive surgery of the jaw, leading to total failure of the graft, investigators reported. (Source: MedPage Today Surgery)

Leech-Transmitted Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Aeromonas hydrophila [Clinical Note]

Archives of Otolaryngology — Mon, 21 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

(Source: Archives of Otolaryngology)

Immunostimulatory activities of a decapeptide derived from Alcaligenes faecalis FY‐3 to crucian carp

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology — Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Amino-benzosuberone: A novel warhead for selective inhibition of human aminopeptidase-N/CD13.

Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry — Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Albrecht S, Al-Lakkis-Wehbe M, Orsini A, Defoin A, Pale P, Salomon E, Tarnus C, Weibel JM This paper describes the design and synthesis of compounds belonging to a novel class of highly selective mammalian CD13 inhibitors. Racemic homologues of 3-amino-2-tetralone 1 were synthesised and evaluated for their ability to selectively inhibit the membrane-bound, zinc-dependent aminopeptidase-N/CD13 (EC 3.4.11.2). Some of these novel non-peptidic compounds are potent, competitive inhibitors of the mammalian enzyme, with K(i) values in the low micromolar range in spite of their minimal size (MW <200Da). Moreover, they show an interesting selectivity profile against representative members of the aminopeptidase family, that is leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), Aeromonas proteolyt...

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Formation of new polyhydroxyalkanoate containing 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate monomer in Burkholderia sp.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology — Sat, 12 Feb 2011 22:31:31 +0100

This study was carried out to evaluate the ability of Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM 15050) and its transformant harboring the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene of Aeromonas caviae to incorporate the newly reported 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (3H4MV) monomer. Various culture parameters such as concentrations of nutrient rich medium, fructose and 4-methylvaleric acid as well as harvesting time were manipulated to produce P(3HB-co-3H4MV) with different 3H4MV compositions. The structural properties of PHA containing 3H4MV monomer were investigated by using nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The relative intensities of the bands at 1,183 and 1,228 cm(-1) in the FTIR spectra enabled the rapid detection and differentiation of P(3HB-co-3H4MV) from oth...

The centromere site of the segregation cassette of broad host range plasmid RA3 is located at the border of the maintenance and conjugative transfer modules.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 04 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Kulinska A, Cao Y, Macioszek M, Hayes F, Jagura-Burdzy G RA3 is a low copy number, broad host range conjugative plasmid of the IncU incompatibility group isolated originally from Aeromonas spp. A 4.9-kb fragment of RA3 is sufficient to stabilize an otherwise unstable replicon in Escherichia coli. This fragment specifies the korA-incC-korB-orf11 operon coding for an active partition system related to the central control operon of IncP-1 plasmids and found also in broad host range environmental plasmids recently classified as the PromA group. All four genes in the cassette are necessary for segregation. IncC and KorB of RA3 belong to the ParA and ParB families of partitioning proteins, respectively. By contrast with IncP-1 plasmids, neither KorB nor IncC are involved in transcri...

Does domestication process affect stress response in juvenile Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis?

Fri, 04 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, chronic confinement stressor induced few physiological responses but may increase the responsiveness to other aquacultural stressors. Domestication process also seems to improve chronic stress resistance, growth as well as the immune status of the fish. PMID: 21300167 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular and integrative physiology.)

A fatal case of necrotizing Aeromonas schubertii fasciitis after penetrating injury

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report a patient who presented with fever, chills, and bullae on left forearm, despite antibiotics and wound debridement; the infection extend to mid humerus with a rapid onset of skin necrosis and progressive sepsis. Aeromonas schubertii fasciitis is particularly virulent. An apparent superficial cellulitis that fails to respond to standard therapy must raise suspicion of a more extensive underlying subcutaneous infection. Aggressive surgical debridement and antibiotic coverage for gram-negative rods are the essential features of treatment. Delay caused by a mistaken diagnosis of cellulitis and subsequent inadequate debridement would likely prove fatal. (Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine)

Surface Display of Aeromonas hydrophila GAPDH in Attenuated Vibrio anguillarum to Develop a Noval Multivalent Vector Vaccine.

Marine Biotechnology — Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhao Y, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhou L, Wang Q, Zhang Y Displaying foreign antigens on the surface of attenuated or avirulent bacteria is an important strategy to develop live multivalent vector vaccines. In our previous work, several efficient surface display systems have been established based on outer membrane anchoring elements, which could successfully display heterologous proteins in attenuated Vibrio anguillarum. In this work, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila LSA34 was fused to seven display systems and introduced into attenuated V. anguillarum strain MVAV6203 (AV) to get seven GAPDH-display strains. The strain AV/pN-gapA showed the best display efficacy of GAPDH and was tested as the multivalent vaccine candidate. Further...

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Development of a DNA microarray for detection and identification of Legionella pneumophila and ten other pathogens in drinking water.

International Journal of Food Microbiology — Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhou G, Wen S, Liu Y, Li R, Zhong X, Feng L, Wang L, Cao B The safety and accessibility of drinking water are major concerns throughout the world. Consumption of water contaminated with infectious agents, toxic chemicals or radiological hazards represents a significant health risk and is strongly associated with mortality. Therefore, we have developed an oligonucleotide-based microarray using the sequences of 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) found in the most prevalent and devastating waterborne pathogenic agents. This new diagnostic contains 26 specific probes and can simultaneously detect Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staph...

Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 is associated with two types of IncA/C plasmids carrying multiple resistance determinants

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: : The ecological success of the newly emerging Typhimurium ST213 genotype in Mexico may be related to the carriage of IncA/C plasmids. We conclude that types I and II of IncA/C plasmids originated from a common ancestor and that the insertion and deletion of DNA stretches have shaped their evolutionary histories. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

Detection of three virulence genes alt, ahp and aerA in Aeromonas hydrophila and their relationship with actual virulence to zebrafish

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Mon, 10 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Virulence properties of A. hydrophila correlated well with the present of virulence genes tested. aerA+alt+ahp+ was more frequent virulence genotype in A. hydrophila isolates from clinical diseases than from healthy fish and water environment, and the aerA+alt+ahp+ isolates were more virulent to zebrafish compared to the other six genetic profiles.Significant and Impact of the Study: The detection for aerA, alt and ahp can be used for virulence typing of A. hydrophila isolates. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Aeromonas spp. clinical microbiology and disease

Journal of Infection — Mon, 03 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

Summary: Members of the genus Aeromonas inhabit various aquatic environments and are responsible for, and are implicated in, a number of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans as well as other animals. This review focuses on invasive human infection and disease and summarizes available findings regarding the microbiology and detection of Aeromonas spp., with emphasis on successful identification and diagnosis, and the control of disease in the population. Antimicrobial resistance and therapy of Aeromonas spp. is also discussed. (Source: Journal of Infection)

Enhancement of protective immunity in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) against Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria by a recombinant Aeromonas outer membrane protein.

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica — Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, an OMP fragment of 747 bp (named as Omp-G), which was highly conserved in seven Aeromonas OMP sequences from the NCBI database, was amplified by PCR from one Aeromonas sobria strain (B10) and two Aeromonas hydrophila strains (B27 and B33) with the designed specific primers. The sequence was cloned into pGEX-2T (6 × His-tag) vector, expressed in Escherichia coli system, and then the recombinant protein (named as rOmp-G) was purified with nickel chelating affinity chromatography. The purified rOmp-G showed a good immunogenicity in rabbits and well-conserved characteristics in these three pathogens by enzyme-linked immunosorbed assay. Furthermore, the rOmp-G also showed good immunogenicity in eels (Anguilla anguilla) for eliciting significantly increased specific antibodies (P...

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Development of an Aeromonas hydrophila infection model using the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila

FEMS Microbiology Letters — Thu, 30 Dec 2010 09:09:24 +0100

This study established a novel T. thermophila infection model that will provide a novel means of examining virulence mechanisms of A. hydrophila. (Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters)

Development of an Aeromonas hydrophila infection model using the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila

FEMS Microbiology Letters — Wed, 29 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study established a novel T. thermophila infection model that will provide a novel means of examining virulence mechanisms of A. hydrophila. (Source: FEMS Microbiology Letters)

Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline‐resistant bacteria associated with non‐native species, white‐leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Fri, 24 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Both species of shrimp are associated with OTC‐resistant bacteria, occasionally at high densities exceeding 106 cfu/g. The associated bacteria, predominantly Lactococcus and Aeromonas genera, are potential pathogens, and are reservoirs of a variety of OTC‐resistant genes.Significance and Impact of the Study: Cultured shrimps can be vehicle to carry OTC‐resistant bacteria to domestic and foreign consumers via the food‐chain. Very low populations of OTC‐resistant bacteria observed in the several ponds suggest that levels of the resistant bacteria are artificially high, and should be reduced in farmed shrimps. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline‐resistant bacteria associated with non‐native species, white‐leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Fri, 24 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Both species of shrimp are associated with OTC‐resistant bacteria, occasionally at high densities exceeding 106 cfu g−1. The associated bacteria, predominantly Lactococcus and Aeromonas genera, are potential pathogens and are reservoirs of a variety of OTC‐resistant genes.Significance and Impact of the Study: Cultured shrimps can be vehicle to carry OTC‐resistant bacteria to domestic and foreign consumers via the food chain. Very low populations of OTC‐resistant bacteria observed in the several ponds suggest that levels of the resistant bacteria are artificially high and should be reduced in farmed shrimps. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate block copolymer by recombinant Pseudomonas putida.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology — Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Li SY, Dong CL, Wang SY, Ye HM, Chen GQ Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis genes phaPCJ ( Ac ) cloned from Aeromonas caviae were transformed into Pseudomonas putida KTOY06ΔC, a mutant of P. putida KT2442, resulting in the ability of the recombinant P. putida KTOY06ΔC (phaPCJ ( A.c )) to produce a short-chain-length and medium-chain-length PHA block copolymer consisting of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as one block and random copolymer of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and 3-hydroxyheptanoate (3HHp) as another block. The novel block polymer was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance, and rheology measurements. DSC studies showed the polymer to possess two glass transition temperatures (T (g)), one melting temperature (T (m)) and one cool crys...

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Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in the black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf, in Korea

Journal of Fish Diseases — Mon, 20 Dec 2010 12:22:24 +0100

AbstractCultured black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, suffered mass mortalities during winter 2008 and spring 2009 in Korea, showing clinical signs of ulcer lesions and haemorrhages over their body surface. The aetiological agent was identified as Aeromonas salmonicida (strains RFAS‐1, ‐2 and ‐3), which is a non‐pigmented, slow‐growing bacterium. Phenotypes of RFAS strains showed variation, while 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, dnaJ and recA gene sequences of all the strains were affiliated to A. salmonicida. In particular, vapA gene sequences of the strains were most closely related to one of the five subspecies of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida (=KCCM 40239T). LD50 values of RFAS‐1 for intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection were 1.5 × 105.25 and 1.5 × 106.4 cfu/rockf...

A diversity of clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases in Aeromonas sp. from the Seine River, Paris, France.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P Environmental Aeromonas spp. isolates resistant to ceftazidime were recovered during an environmental survey performed from the Seine river, in Paris, in november 2009. Selected isolates were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes. PCR and cloning experiments were used to identify broad-spectrum β-lactamase encoding genes and their genetic context. Clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were identified in 71% of the Aeromonas sp. isolates. A variety of ESBL genes were detected including blaVEB-1a, blaSHV-12, blaPER-1, blaPER-6, blaTLA-2, and blaGES-7, suggesting an aquatic reservoir of those ESBL genes. Moreover, the repeated elements and different insertion sequences were identified in associatio...

Ovarian hydrobursitis in female camels (Camelus dromedaries): Biochemical, bacterial and protozoal evaluation

Theriogenology — Thu, 09 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate female camels affected with ovarian hydrobursitis (n = 31) for hematological and biochemical findings and for bacterial and protozoal infections. Blood samples were obtained and surgical ablation of the affected bursa was performed. Bursal fluid, follicular fluid, and serum were subjected to hormonal and biochemical analyses. Bursal fluids were cultured and colonies were identified using BioMérieux Vitek two compact system. Passive haemagglutination test was used for detection of Trypanosoma evansi. Indirect ELISA technique was carried out for detection of anti-Hydatid cysts anti-bodies. Neutrophilia was found in the affected animals (P = 0.01) with tendencies for monocytosis (P = 0.06) and eosinophelia (P = 0.05). Bursal fluid had a tendenc...

Development and Experimental Validation of a 20K Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Oligonucleotide Microarray Based on a Collection of over 150,000 ESTs.

Marine Biotechnology — Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

This study shows that the Atlantic cod 20K oligonucleotide microarray is a valuable new tool for Atlantic cod functional genomics research. PMID: 21127932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Marine Biotechnology)

"Microbial Communities and Electrochemical Performance of Titanium-based Anodic Electrodes in a Microbial Fuel Cell"

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 03 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

"Microbial Communities and Electrochemical Performance of Titanium-based Anodic Electrodes in a Microbial Fuel Cell" Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Dec 3; Authors: Michaelidou U, Ter Heijne A, Euverink GJ, Hamelers HV, Stams AJ, Geelhoed JS Four types of titanium(Ti)-based electrodes were tested in the same microbial fuel cell (MFC) anodic compartment. Their electrochemical performance and dominant microbial communities of the electrode biofilms were compared. The electrodes were identical in shape, macroscopic surface area and core material but differed in either surface coating (Pt-, Ta- metal composites) or surface texture (uncoated: smooth, rough). The MFC was inoculated with electrochemically active, neutrophilic microorganisms that had been enriched in the anodic compartmen...

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Resistance of genetically different common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., families against experimental bacterial challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila

Journal of Fish Diseases — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

The objective of this study was to determine the differences in disease resistance against artificial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila between genetically different common carp families. Four strains differing in their origin and breeding history were selected from the live gene bank of common carp maintained at the Research Institute for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Irrigation (HAKI, Szarvas, Hungary) to establish families with wide genetic background: Szarvas 15 (15), an inbred mirror line; Tata (T) scaly noble carp; Duna (D), a Hungarian wild carp and Amur (A), an East Asian wild carp. A diallele mating structure was used to allow the assessment of genetic variation within and between the tested 96 families for a variety of traits. The existing technologies of fertilization and incubat...

[Comparasion of two methods for recovery of Aeromonas spp. in feces from agar CIN (Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin).]

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: González M, Gude MJ, Seral C, Abad MP, Algarate S, Castillo FJ PMID: 21191564 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia)

Preliminary crystallographic analysis of two oligomerization-deficient mutants of the aerolysin toxin, H132D and H132N, in their proteolyzed forms

Acta Crystallographica Section F — Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Aerolysin is a major virulence factor produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila and is a member of the β-pore-forming toxin family. Two oligomerization-deficient aerolysin mutants, H132D and H132N, have been overproduced, proteolyzed by trypsin digestion and purified. Crystals were grown from the proteolyzed forms and diffraction data were collected for the two mutants to 2.1 and 2.3 Å resolution, respectively. The prism-shaped crystals belonged to space group C2. The crystal structure of the mutants in the mature, but not heptameric, aerolysin form will provide insight into the intermediate states in the oligomerization process of a pore-forming toxin. (Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F)

Simple and direct detection of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), by dot blotting using specific monoclonal antibodies

Journal of Fish Diseases — Tue, 23 Nov 2010 05:24:10 +0100

This study demonstrated a convenient immunological tool that can be used for the direct detection of A. hydrophila and Aeromonas infections in a complex sample without the requirement for separation of the bacteria or isolation and biochemical tests. (Source: Journal of Fish Diseases)

What Are Causes of Diarrhea?

PediatricEducation.org — Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:27:33 +0100

Discussion Diarrhea is increased stool volume, usually with looser consistency and increased frequency than normal. Frequency may not change however. These qualitative attributes are relative to the person’s normal bowel pattern. Acute viral gastroenteritis, one of the most common causes, usually resolves in 2-5 days. Chronic diarrhea is defined as diarrhea lasting more than 2 weeks. With chronic diarrhea there is often a cycle of infection, malabsorption and malnutrition which propagates the diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea usually will cease once the offending agent is stopped such as juice (Toddler’s diarrhea) or dairy products (Lactose intolerance). It has a low stool electrolyte content. Weight loss and failure to thrive may be seen. Secretory diarrhea will continue even when ta...

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Characterization and expression studies of Gaduscidin-1 and Gaduscidin-2; paralogous antimicrobial peptide-like transcripts from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

Developmental and Comparative Immunology — Mon, 22 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

We examined the constitutive expression of these transcripts in six tissues (head kidney, blood, brain, gill, pyloric caecum, and spleen) of non-stressed juvenile cod; GAD-1 and GAD-2 transcripts were detected in all six tissues, with the highest expression of both transcripts being in spleen, head kidney, and gill. Transcript expression of GAD-1 and GAD-2 was also examined in immune tissues (spleen and head kidney) following intraperitoneal (IP) injection of formalin-killed, atypical Aeromonas salmonicida (ASAL) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control). Both transcripts were weakly (less than 4-fold) up-regulated by ASAL in spleen but non-responsive to ASAL in head kidney. Since GAD-1 and GAD-2 transcripts are highly expressed constitutively in immune-relevant tissues (e.g. spleen and h...

Acute phase response in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Developmental and Comparative Immunology — Sat, 20 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, a turtle SAA homologue was identified and described in reptiles. The full-length cDNA of turtle SAA was 554bp and contained a 381bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of 127 aa. Similar to other known SAA genes, the turtle SAA gene contained three exons and two introns. The promoter region of turtle SAA gene contained the consensus binding sites for nuclear factor (NF)-κB and c-Rel. The turtle SAA amino acid sequence shared the highest identity to avian SAA sequences. Meantime, we present the first systematic study with expression levels of five genes encoding APPs in immune response caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. After infection, turtle SAA mRNA was induced in liver at 8h, then increased more than 1200-fold at 2 d; in spleen and kidney, the SAA mRNAs ...

Malate dehydrogenase: A useful phylogenetic marker for the genus Aeromonas.

Systematic and Applied Microbiology — Sat, 20 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Farfán M, Miñana-Galbis D, Garreta A, Lorén JG, Fusté MC The reconstruction of correct genealogies among biological entities, the estimation of the divergence time between organisms or the study of the different events that occur along evolutionary lineages are not always based on suitable genes. For reliable results, it is necessary to look at full-length sequences of genes under stabilizing selection (neutral or purifying) and behaving as good molecular clocks. In bacteria it has been proved that the malate dehydrogenase gene (mdh) can be used to determine the inter- and intraspecies divergence, and hence this gene constitutes a potential marker for phylogeny and bacterial population genetics. We have sequenced the full-length mdh gene in 36 type and reference strains of...

The Type II Secretion System is Essential for Erythrocyte Lysis and Gut Colonization of the Leech Digestive-Tract Symbiont Aeromonas veronii.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Maltz M, Graf J Hemolysin and the Type 2 secretion system (T2SS) have been shown to be important for virulence in many pathogens, but very few studies have shown their importance in beneficial microbes. Here, we investigated the importance of the Type 2 secretion pathway in the beneficial digestive-tract association of Aeromonas veronii and the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana and reveal a critical role for the hemolysis of erythrocytes. A mutant with a miniTn5 insertion in exeM, which is involved in forming the inner membrane platform in the T2SS, was isolated by screening mutants for the loss of hemolysis on blood agar plates. A hemolysis assay was used to quantify the mutant's deficiency in lysing sheep erythrocytes and revealed a 99.9 percent decrease when compared to the p...

Two new variants of and creation of a repository for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia quinolone protection protein (Smqnr) genes

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents — Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

In Gram-negative bacteria, resistance to quinolone antibiotics most commonly arises due to mutations in chromosomal DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB) and topoisomerase (parC and parE) genes or as a result of modifications to the activity of inherent multidrug efflux pump systems. Susceptibility can also be affected by the action of pentapeptide repeat proteins of the Qnr family, which are able to protect the DNA targets from quinolone inhibition. Qnr proteins found in Enterobacteriaceae have been divided into five classes (QnrA, B, C, D and S) on the basis of sequence homology and are usually located on conjugative plasmids. The evolutionary origin of qnr genes is thought to be the chromosome of environmental and aquatic organisms (Shewanella algae, Aeromonas spp., Psychromonas spp. and Vibrionac...

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Putative virulence properties of Aeromonas strains isolated from food, environmental and clinical sources in Italy: A comparative study.

International Journal of Food Microbiology — Wed, 17 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ottaviani D, Parlani C, Citterio B, Masini L, Leoni F, Canonico C, Sabatini L, Bruscolini F, Pianetti A The distribution of virulence properties in 142 strains of Aeromonas isolated from diarrhoeic patients, food and surface water in Italy and identified by biochemical and molecular methods was investigated. The virulence properties studied were the presence of genes for the aerolysin (aerA), heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (ast), heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act); and cytotoxicity for Vero cells and adhesion on Hep-2 cells. A. hydrophila and A. caviae were the species most commonly isolated from clinical and environmental samples (9/30; 30.0% and 5/27; 18.5%, respectively) while mesophilic A. salmonicida was most common in food samples (19...

Bacterial tolerance to silver nanoparticles (SNPs): Aeromonas punctata isolated from sewage environment

Journal of Basic Microbiology — Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

AbstractUse of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) is increasing in a large number of consumer products. Thus, the possible build‐up of the nanoparticles in the environment is becoming a major concern. Aeromonas punctata isolated from sewage showed tolerance to 200 μg/ml SNPs. The growth kinetics data for A. punctata treated with nanoparticles were similar to those in the absence of nanoparticles. There was a reduction in the amount of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in bacterial culture supernatant after nanoparticle‐supernatant interaction. EPS capping of the nanoparticles was confirmed by UV‐visible, XRD and comparative FTIR analysis. The EPS‐capped SNPs showed less toxicity to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus compared to the uncapped ones. The study suggests cap...

Biologic Responses of Bacteria Communities Living at the Mucus Secretion of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Exposure to the Carbon Nanomaterial Fullerene (C(60)).

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology — Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Letts RE, Pereira TC, Bogo MR, Monserrat JM Bacteria communities living in mucus secretions of common carp Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) were exposed to the organic nanomaterial fullerene (C(60)) to evaluate its potential bactericidal effects. End points analyzed were viability, growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, and total antioxidant competence against peroxyl radicals. Viability was not affected (p > 0.05), whereas growth was arrested (p < 0.05) after 3 hours of exposure to the three concentration of C(60) assayed (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L). Levels of RO measured at different C(60) concentration showed that some colonies were reactive (significant dose-response relation, p < 0.05) to C(60), whereas others were not. The nonreactive colonies to C(60...

Effect of Aeromonas hydrophila on Reductive Dechlorination of DDTs by Zero-Valent Iron

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry — Tue, 09 Nov 2010 16:43:49 +0100

Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/jf102902f (Source: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry)

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate homopolymers by Pseudomonas putida.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology — Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wang HH, Zhou XR, Liu Q, Chen GQ Pseudomonas putida KT2442 has been a well-studied producer of medium-chain-length (mcl) polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers containing C6 ~ C14 monomer units. A mutant was constructed from P. putida KT2442 by deleting its phaG gene encoding R-3-hydroxyacyl-ACP-CoA transacylase and several other β-oxidation related genes including fadB, fadA, fadB2x, and fadAx. This mutant termed P. putida KTHH03 synthesized mcl homopolymers including poly(3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHHx) and poly(3-hydroxyheptanoate) (PHHp), together with a near homopolymer poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-2 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHO*) in presence of hexanoate, heptanoate, and octanoate, respectively. When deleted with its mcl PHA synthase genes phaC1 and phaC2, the recombinant...

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The Effect of Preparation of Cebiche on the Survival of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Journal of Travel Medicine — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions. The putative bactericidal role of lime juice in the preparation process is not sufficient to reduce the microbial population present in cebiche. Pathogens may remain viable after exposure to acidic conditions. The increasing popularity of Peruvian cuisine may also lead to cebiche‐associated illness outside of Latin America. (Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)

Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila complex in the Caribbean Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hochedez P, Hope-Rapp E, Olive C, Nicolas M, Beaucaire G, Cabié A Aeromonas species are Gram-negative bacilli of the water environment whose survival appears facilitated by warm climates. There have been no reports on Aeromonas hydrophila complex (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. veronii) in the Caribbean to date. Our aim was to describe clinical and bacteriological features in patients presenting with such bacteremia in Martinique and Guadeloupe. During a 14-year period, we retrospectively identified 37 patients. The mean age was 55 years and in 89% of cases underlying disease such as digestive diseases, cutaneous wounds, and malignancy were identified. One case was related to severe strongyloidiasis and one with snake bite. Polymicrobial bacteremia was identified in 38%, essent...

Predation of human pathogens by the predatory bacteria Micavibrio aeruginosavorus and Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: B. bacteriovorus and M. aeruginosavorus have an ability to prey and reduce many of the multi‐drug resistant pathogens associated with human infection.Significance and Impact of the Study: Infectious complications caused by microorganisms that have become resistant to drug therapy are an increasing problem in medicine, with more infections becoming difficult to treat using traditional antimicrobial agents. The work presented here highlights the potential use of predatory bacteria as a biological based agent for eradicating multi‐drug resistant bacteria, with the hope of paving the way for future studies in animal models. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Association of Aeromonas caviae Polar and Lateral Flagella with Biofilm Formation

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Both polar and lateral flagellar function contributes to biofilm formation in A. caviae strains.Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides evidence for the association of both flagella with biofilm formation, a factor required for pathogenicity of A. caviae strains of varied sources, especially food and human. (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology)