MedWorm: Campylobacter

Harmful Bacteria On Raw Chicken Reduced By A Zap Of Cold Plasma

Health News from Medical News Today — Tue, 07 Feb 2012 08:00:00 +0100

A new study by food safety researchers at Drexel University demonstrates that plasma can be an effective method for killing pathogens on uncooked poultry. The proof-of-concept study was published in the Journal of Food Protection. Although recent high-profile outbreaks of foodborne illness have involved contaminated fresh produce, the most common source of harmful bacteria in food is uncooked poultry and other meat products. The bacteria responsible for most foodborne illnesses, Campylobacter and Salmonella, are found on upwards of 70 percent of chicken meat tested... (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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Anti-ganglioside antibody internalization attenuates motor nerve terminal injury in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy

Journal of Clinical Investigation — Mon, 06 Feb 2012 18:32:05 +0100

In the Guillain-Barré syndrome subform acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), Campylobacter jejuni enteritis triggers the production of anti-ganglioside Abs (AGAbs), leading to immune-mediated injury of distal motor nerves. An important question has been whether injury to the presynaptic neuron at the neuromuscular junction is a major factor in AMAN. Although disease modeling in mice exposed to AGAbs indicates that complement-mediated necrosis occurs extensively in the presynaptic axons, evidence in humans is more limited, in comparison to the extensive injury seen at nodes of Ranvier. We considered that rapid AGAb uptake at the motor nerve terminal membrane might attenuate complement-mediated injury. We found that PC12 rat neuronal cells rapidly internalized AGAb, which were traffi...

35 Cases of Illness Tied to Pa. Farm’s Raw Milk

RWJF News Digest - Public Health — Sun, 05 Feb 2012 11:44:57 +0100

The confirmed cases of campylobacter bacterial infection include 28 people in Pennsylvania, four in Maryland, two in West Virginia, and one in New Jersey. (Source: RWJF News Digest - Public Health)

Pathogen detected in raw milk from Pa.

Health News - UPI.com — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 00:44:11 +0100

BALTIMORE, Feb. 3 (UPI) -- Maryland health officials have confirmed the presence of Campylobacter jejuni in two unopened raw milk samples purchased from a Pennsylvanian farm. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Lipooligosaccharide locus classes are associated with certain Campylobacter jejuni multilocus sequence types

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 06:54:13 +0100

Abstract The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) locus class was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 335 Finnish Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans, poultry and bovines with known multilocus sequence types. The results revealed an association between clonal complexes/sequence types (STs) and LOS locus classes. Based on these results, we further predicted the LOS locus classes distribution among the STs of 209 additional C. jejuni strains from Finnish human domestically acquired infections. Non-sialylated LOS locus classes were associated with STs that comprised ≈55% of patient strains. Sialylated LOS locus classes A and B were associated with STs infrequently isolated, whereas class C was correlated with the ST-21 complex, found in ≈14% of human stra...

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Gastro-enteritis caused by Campylobacter concisus: case report and short review of literature.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100

We describe a case of gastro-enteritis caused by Campylobacter concisus. The pathogenic potential of C. concisus has yet to be elucidated. Recent studies indicate an association with enteric disease in immunocompromised and inflammatory bowel disease in children. Molecular identification methods may be necessary for identifying certain Campylobacter species because of phenotypic similarity. PMID: 22301611 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology)

Extreme Heat Resistance of Food Borne Pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium on Chicken Breast Fillet during Cooking

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences — Sun, 29 Jan 2012 18:41:46 +0100

The aim of this research was to determine the decimal reduction times of bacteria present on chicken fillet in boiling water. The experiments were conducted with Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. Whole chicken breast fillets were inoculated with the pathogens, stored overnight (4∘C), and subsequently cooked. The surface temperature reached 70∘C within 30 sec and 85∘C within one minute. Extremely high decimal reduction times of 1.90, 1.97, and 2.20 min were obtained for C. jejuni, E. coli, and S. typhimurium, respectively. Chicken meat and refrigerated storage before cooking enlarged the heat resistance of the food borne pathogens. Additionally, a high challenge temperature or fast heating rate contributed to the level of heat resista...

Modification of Flagellar Rod Protein FlgG by C. jejuni [Membrane Biology]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Gram-negative bacteria assemble complex surface structures that interface with the surrounding environment and are involved in pathogenesis. Recent work in Campylobacter jejuni identified a gene encoding a novel phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferase Cj0256, renamed EptC, that serves a dual role in modifying the flagellar rod protein, FlgG, and the lipid A domain of C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide with a pEtN residue. In this work, we characterize the unique post-translational pEtN modification of FlgG using collision-induced and electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry, as well as a genetic approach using site-directed mutagenesis to determine the site of modification. Specifically, we show that FlgG is modified with pEtN at a single site (Thr75) by EptC and demonstrate enzyme speci...

The genome and proteome of a Campylobacter coli bacteriophage vB_CcoM-IBB_35 reveal unusual features

Virology Journal — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Genes encoding proteins involved in the carbohydrate metabolism along with several incidences of gene duplications, split genes with inteins and introns have been rarely found in other phage genomes yet are found in this phage. We identified the genes encoding for tail fibres and for the lytic cassette, this later, expressing enzymes for bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) degradation, which has not been reported before for Campylobacter phages. (Source: Virology Journal)

Functional cloning and characterization of antibiotic resistance genes from chicken gut microbiome.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zhou W, Wang Y, Lin J Abstract Culture-independent sampling in conjunction with a functional cloning approach identified diverse antibiotic resistance genes for different classes of antibiotics in gut microbiomes from both conventionally raised and free range chickens. Many of the genes are phylogenetically distant from known resistance genes. Two unique genes that conferred ampicillin and spectinomycin resistance were also functional in Campylobacter, a distant relative of the E. coli host used to generate the genomic libraries. PMID: 22286984 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

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Exploiting the Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation system for glycoengineering vaccines and diagnostic tools directed against brucellosis

Microbial Cell Factories — Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Bacterial engineered glycoproteins show promising applications for the development on an array of diagnostics and immunoprotective opportunities in the future. (Source: Microbial Cell Factories)

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Ontario Sheep Flocks and Associations between Antimicrobial use and Antimicrobial Resistance

Zoonoses and Public Health — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in faecal Campylobacter spp. from lambs and adult sheep and associations between antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR. A total of 275 faecal samples collected during initial and final visits from 51 sheep flocks, including one feedlot, across southern Ontario were tested for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was detected in 52% (143/275) of the faecal samples, Campylobacter coli in 7% (19/275), Campylobacter lari in 1% (2/275) and 2% (4/275) were non‐speciated Campylobacter. Broth microdilution was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of 162 isolates to nine antimicrobials. Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 142) were resistant to tetracycline (39%), ciprofloxacin (4%...

Antagonistic Activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on the Growth and Adhesion/Invasion Characteristics of Human Campylobacter jejuni.

Current Microbiology — Sun, 22 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Campana R, Federici S, Ciandrini E, Baffone W Abstract The aim of this research was to determine the potential probiotic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 against several human Campylobacter jejuni isolates. The ability to inhibit the pathogen's growth was evaluated by co-culture experiments as well as by antimicrobial assays with cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS), while interference with adhesion/invasion to intestinal Caco-2 cells was studied by exclusion, competition, and displacement tests. In the co-culture experiments L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 strain reduced the growth of C. jejuni with variable percentages of inhibition related to the contact time. The CFCS showed inhibitory activity against C. jejuni strains, stability to low pH, and therm...

Use of amplified-fragment length polymorphism to study the ecology of campylobacter jejuni in environmental water and to predict multi-locus sequence typing clonal complexes.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

USE OF AMPLIFIED-FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM TO STUDY THE ECOLOGY OF CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATER AND TO PREDICT MULTI-LOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING CLONAL COMPLEXES. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jan 20; Authors: Lévesque S, St-Pierre K, Frost E, Arbeit RD, Michaud S Abstract We determined the genetic variability among water isolates of Campylobacter jejuni using AFLP and MLST. Across a highly diverse collection of isolates, AFLP clusters did not correlate with MLST clonal complexes, suggesting that ALFP is not reliable for deciphering population genetic relationships and may be problematic for larger epidemiologic analyses. PMID: 22267674 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

Pyrosequencing-based validation of a simple cell-suspension polymerase chain reaction assay for Campylobacter with application of high-processivity polymerase and novel internal amplification controls for rapid and specific detection

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease — Thu, 19 Jan 2012 03:02:10 +0100

We present a specific protocol which eliminates the need for time-consuming and expensive genomic DNA extractions and, using a high-processivity polymerase, demonstrate conclusive screening of samples in 99%) sensitive, and spike-back experiments demonstrated a detection threshold of (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)

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Detection and quantification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli using real‐time multiplex PCR

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The qmPCR assays developed in this study provide reliable and simultaneous detection and quantification of C. jejuni and C. coli, with good amplification reaction parameters.Significance and Impact of Study: Following further validation, the qmPCR assay reported here has the potential to be applied to various sample types as an alternative and rapid methodology.© 2012The Authors Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Prednisone/rituximab: Campylobacter fetus infection: 3 case reports

Reactions — Tue, 17 Jan 2012 19:08:18 +0100

(Source: Reactions)

Marked genomic diversity of Norovirus genogroup I strains in a waterborne outbreak.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nenonen NP, Hannoun C, Larsson CU, Bergström T Abstract Marked Norovirus (NoV) diversity was detected in patient samples from a large community outbreak of gastroenteritis with waterborne epidemiology affecting approximately 2400 people. NoV was detected in 33 of 50 patient samples examined by group-specific real-time RT-PCR. NoV genotype (G)I strains predominated in 31 patients with mixed GI infections occurring in five of these patients. Sequence-analysis of RNA-dependent polymerase-N/S capsid-coding regions (approx. 900 nt) confirmed dominance of GI strains (n=36). Strains of NoV GI.4 (n=21), and GI.7 (n=9) were identified, but 6 strains required full capsid amino acid analyses (530-550 aa,) before definitive genotyping based on control sequencing of cloned amplicons. ...

Occurrence and Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens and Indicator Organisms in Beach Sand along the California Coast.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

This study documents the presence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens in sand at 53 California marine beaches using both culture-dependent and -independent (PCR and QPCR) methods. Fecal indicator bacteria were widespread in California beach sand, with Escherichia coli and enterococci detected at 68% and 94% of beaches surveyed, respectively. Somatic coliphages and a Bacteroidales human-specific fecal marker were detected at 43% and 13% of the beaches, respectively. Dry sand samples from almost 30% of the beaches contained at least one of the following pathogens: Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which were detected at 15%, 13%,14%, and 3% of tested beaches, respectively. Fecal indicators and pathogens w...

Risk and prognosis of campylobacteriosis in relation to polymorphisms of host inflammatory cytokine genes

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology — Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, the risk of acquiring clinical gastroenteritis with Campylobacter jejuni/coli is related to the INFG (+ 874A>T) of intron 1. Polymorphisms in IL‐18 and INFG are linked to the risk of post infectious reactive arthritis, but not to irritable bowel syndrome. (Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology)

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Pheochromocytoma crisis caused by Campylobacter fetus

International Journal of Urology — Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractPheochromocytoma crisis is a life‐threatening endocrine emergency associated with symptoms of excess release of catecholamines. It might present spontaneously or be unmasked by triggers including trauma, surgery and certain medications that provoke catecholamine release by tumors. Here we report a case of pheochromocytoma crisis associated with abscess formation in the tumor and bacteremia of Campylobacter fetus, which was successfully treated with antibiotics and a surgical resection. This case appears to be the first reported case in the literature of abscess formation by C. fetus in pheochromocytoma, leading to catecholamine crisis. (Source: International Journal of Urology)

GQ1b-seronegative Fisher syndrome: clinical features and new serological markers

Journal of Neurology — Thu, 05 Jan 2012 06:52:06 +0100

Abstract IgG anti-GQ1b antibodies are a powerful serological marker for the diagnosis of Fisher syndrome (FS), but little is known regarding serological markers in FS patients that do not have the autoantibodies. The authors analyzed IgG antibodies against gangliosides other than GQ1b, ganglioside complexes, and ganglioside-like lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from FS patients. We identified 24 (12%) patients with GQ1b-seronegative FS among 207 FS patients who had been referred to our laboratory for anti-ganglioside antibody testing. Patients with GQ1b-seronegative FS were male and had a history of antecedent gastrointestinal illness more frequently than FS patients with IgG anti-GQ1b antibodies. Other clinical features during the illness were no...

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in Live and Dressed Chicken in Jordan

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Wed, 04 Jan 2012 14:57:07 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Jan 2012, Vol. 9, No. 1: 54-58. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

Long-term trends in the epidemiology and resistance of childhood bacterial enteropathogens in Crete

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 06:51:16 +0100

In this study, we investigated the long-term trends in the epidemiology and susceptibility of bacterial enteropathogens among children in a well-defined area of adequate health standards. The study included all children younger than 14 years of age treated for enteritis at Heraklion University General Hospital on the island of Crete during the 18-year period from January 1993 to December 2010. Stool specimens were tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Yersinia, and Aeromonas species. Of the 33,032 stool samples from patients of any age, 2,912 (8.82%) were positive for bacterial enteropathogens. The 1,597 isolates from children were identified as S. enterica (42.3%), Campylobacter spp. (33.6%), EPEC (17.4%), Y. enterocolitica (5.82%), ...

Occurrence of the invasion associated marker (iam) in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from cattle

BMC Research Notes — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: We show that the prevalence of iam in cattle C. jejuni is relatively lower as compared to isolates occurring in humans and chickens. In addition, iam was polymorphic and certain alleles occur in cattle isolates that were capable of colonizing and invading chickens and human intestinal cells, respectively. However, the iam did not appear to contribute to the cattle-associated C. jejuni's potential for invasion and intracellular survival in human intestinal cells as well as chicken colonization. (Source: BMC Research Notes)

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Improvement of Modified Charcoal-Cefoperazone-Deoxycholate Agar by Supplementation with a High Concentration of Polymyxin B for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Chicken Carcass Rinse.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chon JW, Hyeon JY, Lim JH, Kim JH, Song KY, Seo KH Abstract Modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) was improved by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin B. The ability of the supplemented medium to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from chicken carcass rinse was compared to that of Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA. Modification of mCCDA with increased polymyxin B yielded significantly (p < 0.05) better isolation rate and selectivity than those achieved on using Campy-Cefex agar and mCCDA. PMID: 22210208 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

The signaling pathway of Campylobacter jejuni-induced Cdc42 activation: Role of fibronectin, integrin beta1, tyrosine kinases and guanine exchange factor Vav2

Cell Communication and Signaling — Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Collectively, our findings led us propose that C. jejuni infection triggers a novel fibronectin>integrin-beta1>FAK/Src>EGFR/PDGFR>PI3-kinase>Vav2 signaling cascade, which plays a crucial role for Cdc42 GTPase activity associated with filopodia formation and enhances bacterial invasion. (Source: Cell Communication and Signaling)

Campylobacter spp. distribution in biofilms on different surfaces in an agricultural watershed (Elk Creek, British Columbia): Using biofilms to monitor for Campylobacter.

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental health — Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

This study examined the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in biofilms on a variety of surfaces (river rock, slate rock, wood, Lexan™, sandpaper, and sediment) and in water from December 2005 to December 2006 to find a substratum that facilitated campylobacters detection in natural aquatic environments. Samples were collected at four sites in an agricultural watershed (Elk Creek, British Columbia). Campylobacter spp. presence was determined using culturing methods. Correlations between chemical, physical and microbiological water quality parameters and Campylobacter spp. distribution on different surface types were also investigated. Campylobacter spp. had a prevalence of 13% in the wet season, but was not recovered in the dry season. Its prevalence was highest in sediment (27%), followed ...

Molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 05:14:36 +0100

Introduction: Knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 DNA probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization (CDDH) technique.Methods: Eighteen patients, 11 to 29 years of age having fixed orthodontic treatment, were enrolled in the study. Each subject had 2 new metallic brackets bonded to different premolars in a randomized manner. After 30 days, the brackets were removed and processed for analysis by CDDH. Data on bacterial contamination were analyzed descriptively and with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post tests (α...

Hepcidin is localised in gastric parietal cells, regulates acid secretion and is induced by Helicobacter pylori infection

Gut — Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Hepcidin is a product of parietal cells regulating gastric acid production and may contribute to development of gastric ulcers under stress conditions. (Source: Gut)

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Cellular response of Campylobacter jejuni to trisodium phosphate.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Riedel CT, Thorup Cohn M, Stabler RA, Wren B, Brøndsted L Abstract The highly alkaline compound trisodium phosphate (TSP) is used as an intervention to reduce the load of Campylobacter on poultry meat in U.S. poultry slaughter plants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular responses of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 when exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of TSP. Pre-exposure of C. jejuni to TSP resulted in a significant increase in heat sensitivity, suggesting that a combined heat and TSP treatment may increase reduction of C. jejuni. A microarray analysis identified a limited number of genes that were differently expressed after sub-lethal TSP exposure; however, the response was mainly associated with ion transport processes. C. jejuni NCTC11168 ...

HPA publishes gastrointestinal infections annual report (2010)

NeLM - News — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Source: Health Protection Agency (HPA) Area: News The Health Protection Agency (HPA) has published its first annual report on gastrointestinal infections, covering the development of surveillance systems, and reporting surveillance data on food-borne and non-food-borne outbreaks in 2010, then specifically data on Vero Cytotoxin-producing E coli, salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, Norovirus and other gastrointestinal pathogens. Please see the link below for details. (Source: NeLM - News)

LuxS distribution and AI‐2 activity of Campylobacter spp.

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: Not all Campylobacter species encode luxS. Food matrices can reduce AI‐2 activity in a LuxS independent manner.Significance and impact of the study: Beside C. lari, C. peloridis and C. insulaenigrae do not show AI‐2 activity. Further investigations should clarify the function of AI‐2 in Campylobacter spp. and how species lacking luxS could overcome this alteration. Furthermore the impact of food matrices on these functions needs to be determined as we could show that chicken juice reduced AI‐2 activity.© 2011The Authors Journal of Applied Microbiology© 2011 The Society for Applied Microbiology (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Campylobacter fetus as Cause of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis.

Texas Heart Institute Journal — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 09:30:03 +0100

Authors: Haruyama A, Toyoda S, Kikuchi M, Arikawa T, Inami S, Otani N, Amano H, Matsuda R, Inoue T Abstract A 65-year-old woman who had previously undergone aortic root replacement with a bioprosthetic valve (Bentall operation) in treatment of annuloaortic ectasia became feverish after developing dental caries and was admitted to our hospital. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an 18 × 4-mm vegetation on her prosthetic valve. Campylobacter fetus was isolated on blood cultures, and she was diagnosed with infectious endocarditis. Aggressive combined antibiotic treatment was effective for her recovery. C. fetus infection is a rarely reported cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis. PMID: 22163142 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Texas Heart Institute Journal)

Prevalence of Selected Bacterial and Parasitic Agents in Feces from Diarrheic and Healthy Control Cats from Northern California

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRoutine fecal cultures and toxin immunoassays for detection of bacteria are of limited diagnostic value in diarrheic cats. Molecular‐based testing is superior to fecal cultures for detection and identification of Campylobacter spp., but positive test results do not correlate to the presence of disease. (Source: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine)

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Impaired fitness and transmission of macrolide-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in its natural host.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

In this study we conducted pairwise competitions and co-mingling experiments in chickens using clonally related and isogenic C. jejuni strains, which are either susceptible or resistant to erythromycin (Ery). In every competition pair, Ery-resistant (Ery(r)) Campylobacter was consistently outcompeted by the Ery-susceptible (Ery(s)) strain. In the co-mingling experiments, Ery(r) Campylobacter failed to transmit to chickens pre-colonized by Ery(s) Campylobacter, while isogenic Ery(s) Campylobacter was able to transmit to and establish dominance in chickens pre-colonized by Ery(r) Campylobacter. The fitness disadvantage was linked to the resistance-conferring mutations in the 23S rRNA. These findings clearly indicate that acquisition of macrolide resistance impairs the fitness and transmissio...

Characterization of mono- and mixed-culture Campylobacter jejuni biofilms.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Ica T, Caner V, Istanbullu O, Nguyen HD, Ahmed B, Call DR, Beyenal H Abstract Campylobacter jejuni, one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis, is a thermophilic and microaerophilic bacterium. These characteristics make it a fastidious organism, which limits its ability to survive outside of animal hosts. Nevertheless, C. jejuni can be transmitted to both humans and animals via environmental pathways, especially through contaminated water. Biofilms may play a crucial role in the survival of the bacterium under unfavorable environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to investigate survival strategies of C. jejuni in mono- and mixed-culture biofilms. We grew mono-culture biofilms of C. jejuni and mixed-culture biofilms of C. jejuni with Pseudomonas aerug...

Campylobacter jejuni infection and its virulence associated genes among children with moderate to severe diarrhea attended at emergency rooms in Northeastern Brazil.

Journal of Medical Microbiology — Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Quetz JD, Lima IF, Havt A, Prata MD, Cavalcante PA, Medeiros PH, Cid DA, Moraes ML, Rey LC, Soares AM, Mota RM, Weigl BH, Guerrant RL, Lima AA Abstract Campylobacter is an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis. We determined the occurrence of Campylobacter sp. - using culture-based methods - and C. jejuni, C. coli and some virulence associated genes (VAG) - using PCR - among children aged ≤ 14 years attended at emergency rooms in Northeastern Brazil because of diarrhea. Genomic DNA was extracted directly from stool samples collected from 366 children. A survey form regarding clinical parameters was applied to caretakers. C. jejuni was detected in 16.4% (60/366) and C. coli was detected in 1.4% (5/366) of the diarrheal samples, a much higher proportion than Campylo...

A specificity determinant for phosphorylation in a response regulator prevents in vivo cross-talk and modification by acetyl phosphate [Microbiology]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) sense stimuli and transduce signals intracellularly through phosphotransfer between cognate histidine kinases (HKs) and response regulators (RRs) to alter gene expression or behavioral responses. Without high phosphotransfer specificity between cognate HKs and RRs, cross-phosphorylation or cross-talk between different TCSs may occur and diminish responses to appropriate stimuli. Some mechanisms to reduce cross-talk involve HKs controlling levels of cognate RR phosphorylation. Conceivably, some RRs may have evolved HK-independent strategies to insulate themselves from cross-talk with acetyl phosphate (AcP) or other small phosphodonor metabolites. Initial steps in flagellar biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni stimulate phosphotransfer from the FlgS HK ...

Notes from the Field: Campylobacter jejuni Infections Associated with Sheep Castration — Wyoming, 2011

CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report — Sat, 10 Dec 2011 00:21:55 +0100

(Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report)

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Alternative Spermidine Biosynthetic Pathway [Metabolism]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

The availability of fully sequenced bacterial genomes has revealed that many species known to synthesize the polyamine spermidine lack the spermidine biosynthetic enzymes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. We found that such species possess orthologues of the sym-norspermidine biosynthetic enzymes carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase and carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase. By deleting these genes in the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, we found that the carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase orthologue is responsible for synthesizing spermidine and not sym-norspermidine in vivo. In polyamine auxotrophic gene deletion strains of C. jejuni, growth is highly compromised but can be restored by exogenous sym-homospermidine and to a lesser extent by sym-norspermidine....

Development of a sensitive rRNA‐targeted reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detection of Vibrio cholerae/mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus/alginolyticus and Campylobacter jejuni/coli

Microbiology and Immunology — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTA sensitive rRNA‐targeted reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) method was developed for detection of Vibrio cholerae/mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus/alginolyticus and Campylobacter jejuni/coli by using specific primers. Counts of the enteric pathogens spiked in human stools were quantified at the lower detection limit of 103 cells /g of stools by RT‐qPCR, in marked contrast with conventional quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at the detection limit of 105 to 106 cells /g of stools. The bacterial counts determined by RT‐qPCR were almost equivalent to those determined by the culture method and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) during the course of in vitro culture. Bacterial RNA in the stools was stable for at least 4 weeks ...

Identification of Immunogenic and Virulence associated Campylobacter jejuni Proteins.

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Nielsen LN, Luijkx TA, Vegge CS, Johnsen CK, Nuijten P, Wren BW, Ingmer H, Krogfelt KA Abstract With the aim of identifying proteins important for host interaction and virulence, we have screened an expression library of NCTC 11168 C. jejuni genes for highly immunogenic proteins. A commercial C. jejuni ORF library consisting of more than 1600 genes was transformed into the E. coli expression strain BL21 (DE3) resulting in 2304 clones. This library was subsequently screened for immunogenic proteins using antibodies raised in rabbit against a clinical isolate of C. jejuni; this resulted in 52 highly reactive clones representing 25 different genes after sequencing. Selected candidate genes were inactivated in C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and the virulence was examined using INT 407 e...

[Chronic subdural hematoma infected by Campylobacter fetus: Case report.]

Neuro-Chirurgie — Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

We report here a rare case of chronic subdural hematoma infected by Campylobacter fetus in a 86-year-old woman. She was admitted for confusion and disorientation in a context of high fever and diarrhoea. After two surgeries, the evolution was finally good with a combination of antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin). Chronic subdural hematoma is a potential site for bacterial infection. Our case suggests that C. fetus infection should be suspected in elderly patients presenting with fever and enteritis. The frequency of such cases may be underestimated, due to the difficult diagnosis of C. fetus. It is also suspected that C. fetus could play a role in the recurrence of hematoma, because of its vessel tropism. PMID: 22154423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neuro-Chirur...

Molecular Techniques in Ecohealth Research Toolkit: Facilitating Estimation of Aggregate Gastroenteritis Burden in an Irrigated Periurban Landscape

EcoHealth — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 17:04:00 +0100

Abstract Assessment of microbial hazards associated with certain environmental matrices, livelihood strategies, and food handling practices are constrained by time-consuming conventional microbiological techniques that lead to health risk assessments of narrow geographic or time scope, often targeting very few pathogens. Health risk assessment based on one or few indicator organisms underestimates true disease burden due a number of coexisting causative pathogens. Here, we employed molecular techniques in a survey of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholera, and Rotavirus A densities in canal water with respect to seasonality and spatial distribution of poin...

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Guillain–Barré syndrome associated with normal or exaggerated tendon reflexes

Journal of Neurology — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 07:00:58 +0100

This study demonstrated that DTRs could be normal or hyperexcitable during the entire clinical course in approximately 10% of GBS patients. This possibility should be added in the diagnostic criteria for GBS to avoid delays in diagnosis and effective treatment to these patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original CommunicationPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00415-011-6330-4Authors Nobuhiro Yuki, Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD4A, Level 5, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597 SingaporeNorito Kokubun, Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, JapanSatoshi Kuwabara, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, JapanYukari Sekiguchi, Department of Neurology, Graduate School of M...

Quality-control strain Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560 contains a frame shift mutation in the CmeR regulator.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Hyytiäinen H, Hänninen ML Abstract Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560 (CCM 6214) is the quality-control (QC) strain for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. (1, 6).… PMID: 22143527 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Undercooked chicken pate causes 90% of common food poisoning cases, say experts as 80 guests fall ill at five star hotel

the Mail online | Health — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 12:58:58 +0100

Caterers have been warned to cook poultry livers thoroughly and avoid cross contamination after figures showed that most outbreaks of campylobacter at venues in 2011 were linked to pate. (Source: the Mail online | Health)

Survival of host-associated Bacteroidales cells and their relationship with Enterococcus spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium and Adenovirus in freshwater microcosms as measured by PMA-qPCR.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bae S, Wuertz S Abstract The ideal host-associated genetic fecal marker would be capable of predicting the presence of specific pathogens of concern. Flow-through freshwater microcosms containing mixed feces and inocula of the pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium and Adenovirus were placed at ambient temperature in the presence and absence of diurnal sunlight. The total Enterococcus DNA increased during the early periods (23 h) under sunlight exposure, even though cultivable Enterococcus and DNA in intact cells, as measured by propidium monoazide (PMA), decreased with first-order kinetics during the entire period. We found a significant difference in the decay of host-associated Bacteroidales cells between sunlight exposure and dark conditions (p-value &l...

Development of a rapid and sensitive method combining a cellulose ester microfilter and a real-time qPCR assay to detect Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in 20 liters of drinking water or low turbidity waters.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Tissier A, Denis M, Hartemann P, Gassilloud B Abstract Investigation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in samples of drinking water suspected of being at the origin of outbreak very often leads to negative results. One of the reasons for this failure is the small volume of water typically used for detecting these pathogens (10 to 1000 mL). Efficiency of three microfilters and different elution procedures were determined using real-time qPCR to propose a procedure allowing detection of Campylobacter in 20 L drinking water or low turbidity waters samples. Results show that more than 80% of the bacteria inoculated in 1 L of drinking water were retained on each microfilter. An elution with a solution containing 3% beef extract, 0.05 M glycine at pH 9, combined wit...

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Poultry as a Host for the Zoonotic Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases — Fri, 02 Dec 2011 04:22:59 +0100

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases)

Over 90 per cent of campylobacter outbreaks at catering venues in 2011 linked to undercooked chicken liver pate

Health Protection Agency — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 17:35:57 +0100

New figures from the Health Protection Agency (HPA) have revealed that over 90 per cent of outbreaks of Campylobacter food poisoning at catering venues in 2011 were linked to chicken liver pate consumption. In light of this, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) is again reminding caterers to cook poultry livers thoroughly to avoid the risk of food poisoning. (Source: Health Protection Agency)

Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice

Gut — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions IID poses a substantial community and healthcare burden in the UK. Control efforts must focus particularly on reducing the burden due to Campylobacter and enteric viruses. (Source: Gut)

Extracellular deoxyribonuclease production by periodontal bacteria

Journal of Periodontal Research — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that DNase activity is a relatively common property of bacteria associated with advanced periodontal disease. Further work is required to determine the importance of this bacterial DNase activity in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. (Source: Journal of Periodontal Research)

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[Antimicrobial sensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from patients with diarrhea].

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bascuñana P, Pena I, Picazo JJ, Velasco AC Abstract C. jejuni as well as some hippurate-negative Campylobacter species and related diarrheagenic organisms, are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in our environment all throughout the year. The aim of the present study was to determine thesensitivity of hippurate-negative Campylobacter and Helicobacter pullorum strains isolated from the stools of patients with diarrhea. We tested 39 Campylobacter coli, two C. lari and five Helicobacter pullorum strains identified by mass spectrometry analysis. The sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, erytrhomycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, tigecycline and chloramphenicol was tested by E-test. Most hippurate-negative Campylobacter and H. pu...

Crystallization of a 79 kDa fragment of the hook protein FlgE from Campylobacter jejuni

Acta Crystallographica Section F — Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

A 79 kDa fragment of the bacterial flagellar hook protein FlgE from Campylobacter jejuni was cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized. Two different crystal forms were obtained. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction data showed that the first crystal form, which diffracted to 4.9 Å resolution, belonged to the tetragonal crystal system, with space group I4122 and unit-cell parameters a = b = 186.2, c = 386.6 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. The second crystal form diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution and belonged to the monoclinic crystal system, with space group P21 and unit-cell parameters a = 75.7, b = 173.8, c = 150.8 Å, α = γ = 90, β = 106.5°. SeMet protein was also overexpressed, purified and crystallized, and a 2.6 Å resolution MAD data set was collected. (Source: Acta Cryst...

Closely related Campylobacter jejuni strains from different sources reveal a generalist rather than a specialist lifestyle

BMC Genomics - Latest articles — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The genome information and phenotypic data obtained in vitro and in a chicken infection model provided little evidence of fixed adaptation to a specific host. Instead, the dominant C. jejuni ST-21 appeared to be characterized by phenotypic flexibility and high genetic microdiversity, revealing properties of a generalist. High genetic flexibility might allow generalist variants of C. jejuni to reversibly express diverse fitness factors in changing environments. (Source: BMC Genomics - Latest articles)

Culture independent real‐time PCR reveals extensive polymicrobial infections in hospitalized diarrhoea cases in Kolkata, India

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

AbstractCulture independent identification of diarrhoeal etiologic agents was performed using DNA harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with SYBR Green based real‐time PCR targeting Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp., and 3 different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Conventional culture dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. Of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) had single pathogen while the remaining 9 (13.2%) had polymicrobial infections with multiple pathogens. Reanalysis of the 68 specimens by culture independent real‐time PCR methods showed 25 (36.8%) specimens contained single pathogen while 43 (63.2%) specimens contained mixed infections with multiple pathogens. The prevalence...

Culture‐independent real‐time PCR reveals extensive polymicrobial infections in hospitalized diarrhoea cases in Kolkata, India

Clinical Microbiology and Infection — Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Clin Microbiol InfectAbstractCulture‐independent identification of diarrhoeal aetiological agents was performed using DNA harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with SYBR‐Green‐based real‐time PCR targeting Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp. and three different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Conventional culture‐dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. Of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) had a single pathogen and the remaining nine (13.2%) had polymicrobial infections with multiple pathogens. Re‐analysis of the 68 specimens by culture‐independent real‐time PCR methods showed that 25 (36.8%) specimens contained single pathogen and 43 (63.2%) specimens contained mixed infe...

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter in Broiler Flocks in Japan

Zoonoses and Public Health — Tue, 22 Nov 2011 11:03:43 +0100

In this study, 29.5% (36/122) of C. jejuni isolates and 41.3% (19/46) of C. coli isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin (ERFX), whereas all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin. Furthermore, the ERFX‐resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to other classes of antimicrobial agents, and 55.6% (20/36) of ERFX‐resistant C. jejuni isolates and 47.4% (9/19) of ERFX‐resistant C. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of aminobenzyl penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline. To avoid an impact of antimicrobial drug‐resistant Campylobacter spp. on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment for human campylobacteriosis, prudent use of antimicrobial agents is a requisite. The use of antimicrobial agents should be accompanied by various approaches such as preve...

Raw milk puts babies, farm workers at risk

Health News - UPI.com — Sat, 19 Nov 2011 22:58:45 +0100

ITHACA, N.Y., Nov. 19 (UPI) -- Unpasteurized "raw" milk provides a potential breeding ground for bacteria such as E. coli, Listeria, Campylobacter and Salmonella, U.S. researchers warn. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)

Immunopathology and Th1/Th2 immune response of Campylobacter jejuni-induced paralysis resembling Guillain–Barré syndrome in chicken

Medical Microbiology and Immunology — Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:34:41 +0100

Abstract Immunopathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni-associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is not yet well established probably due to lack of experimental model. Therefore, we studied the Th1/Th2 immune response and pathological changes in C. jejuni-induced chicken model for GBS. C. jejuni (5 × 109 CFU/ml) and placebo were fed to 30 chickens each. Stools of all birds were negative for C. jejuni by culture and PCR before experiment. The birds were regularly assessed for disease symptoms up to 30 days. Sciatic nerves from all chickens were examined at 5 days intervals by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and also for the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines. Twenty-two chickens (73.3%) developed diarrhea after C. jejuni infection; 18 (60.0%) experim...

The twin-arginine translocation system: contributions to the pathobiology of Campylobacter jejuni

Future Microbiology — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 16:36:00 +0100

Future Microbiology , November 2011, Vol. 6, No. 11, Pages 1315-1327. (Source: Future Microbiology)

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Investigation of six selected bacterial species in endo‐periodontal lesions

International Endodontic Journal — Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Conclusion The findings suggest that F. nucleatum, P. micra and C. sputigena may play a role in the pathogenesis of endo‐periodontal lesions. (Source: International Endodontic Journal)

Genetic Markers for Rapid PCR-based Identification of Gull, Canada Goose, Duck, and Chicken Fecal Contamination in Water.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Green HC, Dick LK, Gilpin B, Samadpour M, Field KG Abstract Avian feces contaminates waterways, but contributes fewer human pathogens than human sources. Rapid identification and quantification of avian contamination would therefore be useful to prevent over-estimation of human health risk. We used subtractive hybridization of PCR-amplified gull fecal 16S RNA genes to identify avian-specific fecal rDNA sequences. The subtracters were rRNA genes amplified from human, dog, cat, cow, and pig feces. Recovered sequences were related to Enterobacteriaceae (47%), Helicobacter (26%), Catellicoccus (11%), Fusobacterium (11%), and Campylobacter (5%). Three PCR assays, designated GFB, GFC, and GFD, were based on recovered sequence fragments. QPCR assays for GFC and GFD were developed...

Dynamic proteome changes in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 after high pressure shock and subsequent recovery.

Journal of Proteomics — Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100

Authors: Bièche C, de Lamballerie M, Chevret D, Federighi M, Tresse O Abstract Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most intriguing human foodborne bacterial pathogen. Its survival throughout the food processing chain and its pathogenesis mechanisms in humans remain enigmatic. Living in the animal guts and particularly in avian intestine as a commensal bacterium, this microorganism is frequently isolated from meat products. Ultra high pressure (HP) is a promising alternative to thermal technology for microbial safety of foodstuffs with less organoleptic and nutritional alterations. Its application could be extended to meat products potentially contaminated by C. jejuni. To evaluate the response of Campylobacter to this technological stress and subsequent recovery at a molecular leve...

Enteropathogens in acute diarrhea: a general practice-based study in a Nordic country

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Sat, 05 Nov 2011 15:45:02 +0100

Abstract The epidemiology of infectious diarrhea influences the microbiological investigation of the disease, and is best elucidated through prospective studies. We undertook such a study in a Nordic country. Patients of all age groups who had acute diarrhea were recruited prospectively from general practice clinics in Iceland. They completed a questionnaire and provided stool samples for the detection of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Of the 464 recruited patients, 211 (45%) had 224 infections. The most common pathogens were calici- and rotaviruses (23% and 18% of 224 infections, respectively), Campylobacter jejuni (17%), Cryptosporidium species (12%), and Salmonella serotypes (10%). Other agents found were Giardia lamblia, astro- and adenoviruses, and Yersini...

The MUC13 cell-surface mucin protects against intestinal inflammation by inhibiting epithelial cell apoptosis

Gut — Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions These novel findings indicate a protective role for Muc13 in the colonic epithelium by inhibiting toxin-induced apoptosis and have important implications for intestinal infections, inflammatory diseases and the development of intestinal cancer. (Source: Gut)

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Quantification of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Cattle Before, During, and After the Slaughter Process

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:54:56 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Control

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This report offers a consensus opinion on the diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and control of the primary enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats, with an emphasis on Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli associated with granulomatous colitis in Boxers. Veterinarians are challenged when attempting to diagnose animals with suspected bacterial‐associated diarrhea because well‐scrutinized practice guidelines that provide objective recommendations for implementing fecal testing are lacking. This problem is compounded by similar isolation rates for putative bacterial enteropathogens in animals with and without diarrhea, and by the lack of consensus among veterinary diagnostic laboratories as to which diagnostic assays...

Perspectives on the use of essential oils as antimicrobials against campylobacter jejuni cect 7572 in retail chicken meats packaged in microaerobic atmosphere

Journal of Food Safety — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTThe chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Inula graveolens, Laurus nobilis, Pistacia lentiscus and Satureja montana was analyzed using a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry technique. The main components of EOs obtained were, respectively, bornyl acetate, 1,8‐cineole, β‐myrcene and carvacrol. EOs were screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of Campylobacter jejuni CECT 7572 using the standard agar‐disk diffusion assay. The results obtained, followed by measurements of minimal inhibitory concentrations, indicated that I. graveolens was most active (Φ = 53.3 mm), with the lowest MIC value against C. jejuni (2 µL/mL). EOs were tested in chicken stored in microaerobic conditions at 3 ± 2C, experimentally inoculated with the pathogen a...

Prospective study to validate HpOne in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Singapore Medical Journal — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: The HpOne test is as efficacious as the CLO test, with the added advantage of yielding results faster. It is thus a superior alternative and should be considered for clinical use. PMID: 22173251 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Singapore Medical Journal)

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Campylobacter contamination in broiler carcasses and correlation with slaughterhouses operational hygiene inspection.

Food Microbiology — Mon, 31 Oct 2011 12:21:14 +0100

This study investigates factors associated with Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses, using survey data collected from nine Belgian slaughterhouses in 2008 in accordance with a European Union baseline study. Campylobacter were detected in 51.9% (202/389) (95% confidence interval, 46.8%-56.9%) of broiler carcasses. Campylobacter concentration was <10 CFU/g in 49.6% of carcasses, while 20.6% were contaminated with ≥1000 CFU/g. The mean Campylobacter concentration, as calculated by maximum likelihood estimation for left-censored data, was 1.8 log(10) CFU/g, with a standard deviation of 1.9 log(10) CFU/g. There was statistically significant variation among slaughterhouses in prevalence and concentrations of Campylobacter in their sampled carcasses. Campylobacter prevalence...

Campylobacter jejuni infection in Guillain-Barré syndrome: A prospective case control study in a tertiary care hospital

Neurology India — Sat, 22 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Preceding C. jejuni infection is common among GBS patients and is often associated with the axonal variety of GBS. Axonal variety of GBS generally presents in a younger age group as compared to AIDP. (Source: Neurology India)

Engineering a Lewis x Glycoprotein Using Bacterial Enzymes [Microbiology]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Glycoproteins constitute a class of compounds of increasing importance for pharmaceutical applications. The manipulation of bacterial protein glycosylation systems from Gram-negative bacteria for the synthesis of recombinant glycoproteins is a promising alternative to the current production methods. Proteins carrying Lewis antigens have been shown to have potential applications for the treatment of diverse autoimmune diseases. In this work, we developed a mixed approach consisting of in vivo and in vitro steps for the synthesis of glycoproteins containing the Lewis x antigen. Using glycosyltransferases from Haemophilus influenzae, we engineered Escherichia coli to assemble a tetrasaccharide on the lipid carrier undecaprenylphosphate. This glycan was transferred in vivo from the lipid to a ...

Genotypes and antibiotic resistances of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from domestic and travel-associated human cases.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Niederer L, Kuhnert P, Egger R, Büttner S, Hächler H, Korczak BM Abstract MLST extended with flaB typing of 425 Campylobacter jejuni and 42 C. coli revealed a quite low overlap between human isolates from travel-associated and domestic cases in Switzerland. Men were more frequently affected by Campylobacter than women, but strains from women and overall from travel-associated cases more frequently showed mutations conferring quinolone resistance. PMID: 22020515 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology)

Fecal Indicators and Zoonotic Pathogens in Household Drinking Water Taps Fed from Rainwater Tanks in Southeast Queensland, Australia.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, the microbiological quality of household tap water samples fed from rainwater tanks was assessed by monitoring the numbers of Escherichia coli and enterococci from 24 households in Southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was also used for the quantitative detection of zoonotic pathogens in water samples from rainwater tanks and connected household taps. The numbers of zoonotic pathogens were also estimated in fecal samples from possum and various species of birds using qPCR as possums and birds are considered to be the potential sources of fecal contamination in roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW). Among the 24 households, 63% rainwater tank and 58% connected household tap water (CHTW) samples contained E. coli and exceeded Australian Drinking Water Guidel...

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Modelling transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 during simulation of grinding of pork

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The present study observed a tailing phenomenon of transfer of Salmonella during a small‐scale grinding process. It was, therefore, hypothesized that transfer occurred from two environmental matrices inside the grinder and a model was developed. The developed model satisfactorily predicted the observed concentrations of Salmonella during its cross contamination in the grinding of up to 110 pork slices.Significance and Impact of the Study: The proposed model provides an important tool to examine the effect of cross contamination in quantitative microbial risk assessments and might also be applied to various other food processes where cross contamination is involved. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

An ancient molecule in a recalcitrant pathogen: the contributions of poly-P to the pathogenesis and stress responses of Campylobacter jejuni

Future Microbiology — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 14:19:22 +0100

Future Microbiology , October 2011, Vol. 6, No. 10, Pages 1117-1120. (Source: Future Microbiology)

Systematic review: the use of proton pump inhibitors and increased susceptibility to enteric infection

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics — Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions Severe hypochlorhydria generated by PPI use leads to bacterial colonisation and increased susceptibility to enteric bacterial infection. The clinical implication of chronic PPI use among hospitalized patients placed on antibiotics and travellers departing for areas with high incidence of diarrhoea should be considered by their physicians. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)

The cooperative action of bacterial fibronectin‐binding proteins and secreted proteins promote maximal Campylobacter jejuni invasion of host cells by stimulating membrane ruffling

Cellular Microbiology — Sun, 16 Oct 2011 17:15:17 +0100

This study was performed to elucidate the host cell scaffolding and signaling molecules that Campylobacter jejuni utilizes to invade epithelial cells. We hypothesized that the C. jejunifibronectin‐binding proteins and secreted proteins are required for cell signaling and maximal invasion of host cells. C. jejuni binding to host cells via the CadF and FlpAFibronectin‐binding proteins activated the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway, as evidenced by inhibitor studies and immunoprecipitation coupled with immunoblot analysis using antibodies reactive against total and active EGF receptor. Inhibitor studies revealed maximal C. jejuni host cell invasion was dependent upon PI3‐Kinase, c‐Src, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), all of which are known to participate in cytoskeletal rearrang...

Microbiota in the Oral Subgingival Biofilm Is Associated With Obesity in Adolescence.

Obesity — Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Zeigler CC, Persson GR, Wondimu B, Marcus C, Sobko T, Modéer T Abstract To test the hypothesis whether microbiota in oral biofilm is linked with obesity in adolescents we designed this cross-sectional study. Obese adolescents (n = 29) with a mean age of 14.7 years and normal weight subjects (n = 58) matched by age and gender were examined with respect to visible plaque index (VPI%) and gingival inflammation (bleeding on probing (BOP%)). Stimulated saliva was collected. They answered a questionnaire concerning medical history, medication, oral hygiene habits, smoking habits, and sociodemographic background. Microbiological samples taken from the gingival crevice was analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique. The sum of bacterial cells in subgingival biofilm ...

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Travel‐Associated Salmonella and Campylobacter Gastroenteritis in England: Estimation of Under‐Ascertainment Through National Laboratory Surveillance

Journal of Travel Medicine — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study found that 45% of Salmonella and 17% of Campylobacter infections in England were travel‐associated, but only 29 and 3% of travel histories were accurately identified by national laboratory surveillance. More structured data collection forms and staff training may be needed to address this. (Source: Journal of Travel Medicine)

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in Live and Dressed Chicken in Jordan

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Wed, 12 Oct 2011 03:07:00 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

Comparative in silico analysis of chemotaxis system of Campylobacter fetus.

Archives of Microbiology — Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Fahmy D, Day CJ, Korolik V Abstract Chemoreceptor and chemotaxis signal transduction cascade genes of C. fetus subsp. fetus 82-40 show high level of similarity to that in C. jejuni and appears to include sixteen diverse transducer-like protein (tlp) genes that appear similar to nine of the twelve tlp genes in the C. jejuni NCTC 11168 with a percent identity ranging from 15 to 50%. Sixteen putative C. fetus 82-40 tlp genes belong to three classes: A, B, and C, as well as an aerotaxis gene, based on their predicted structure. C. fetus subsp. fetus 82-40 chemoreceptor and chemotaxis signal transduction pathway genes have close phylogenetic relationship of chemotaxis genes between Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae. PMID: 21983836 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

The physiologic and phenotypic alterations due to macrolide exposure in Campylobacter jejuni.

International Journal of Food Microbiology — Sun, 09 Oct 2011 03:08:18 +0100

Authors: Almofti YA, Dai M, Sun Y, Hao H, Liu Z, Cheng G, Yuan Z Abstract Physiologic and phenotypic alterations in the context of antibiotic resistance have been extensively studied in some bacteria. However there are not enough data addressing these alterations due to macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni. The present study examined the fitness cost imposed by different macrolide resistance mutations and the phenotypic alterations due to exposure to macrolides in C. jejuni. C. jejuni was induced with different macrolide agents to obtain different macrolide resistance mutations. The results revealed that the mutations significantly imposed defect variations on the doubling time and the relative fitness in the resistant strains when competed against the susceptible strain. F...

Structure of Cst-II in Complex with Acceptor Substrate [Protein Structure and Folding]

Journal of Biological Chemistry — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Sialic acids play important roles in various biological processes and typically terminate the oligosaccharide chains on the cell surfaces of a wide range of organisms, including mammals and bacteria. Their attachment is catalyzed by a set of sialyltransferases with defined specificities both for their acceptor sugars and the position of attachment. However, little is known of how this specificity is encoded. The structure of the bifunctional sialyltransferase Cst-II of the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni in complex with CMP and the terminal trisaccharide of its natural acceptor (Neu5Ac-α-2,3-Gal-β-1,3-GalNAc) has been solved at 1.95 Å resolution, and its kinetic mechanism was shown to be iso-ordered Bi Bi, consistent with its dual acceptor substrate specificity. The trisaccharide ac...

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A critical review of biosecurity-based interventions and strategies to reduce Campylobacter on the poultry farm.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Newell DG, Elvers KT, Dofper D, Hansson I, Jones P, James S, Gittins J, Stern NJ, Davies R, Connerton I, Pearson D, Salvat G, Allen VM Abstract The prevention and control of Campylobacter colonization of poultry flocks is an important public health strategy in the control of human campylobacteriosis. A critical review of the literature on interventions to control Campylobacter in poultry on farms has been undertaken using a systematic approach. Although the focus of the review was on aspects appropriate to the UK poultry industry, the research reviewed was gathered from world wide literature. Multiple electronic databases were employed to search literature, in any language, from 1980 to September 2008. A primary set of 4316 references was identified and scanned, using spec...

Usefulness of fecal lactoferrin in predicting and monitoring the clinical severity of infectious diarrhea.

World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG — Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSION: Fecal lactoferrin increased during bacterial infection and with greater disease severity and may be a good marker for predicting and monitoring intestinal inflammation in children with infectious diarrhea. PMID: 22072854 [PubMed - in process] (Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG)

Development and stability of bacteriocin resistance in Campylobacter spp

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Usage of BCN E‐760 only selected low‐level BCNrC. jejuni mutants in vivo and the low‐level BCN resistance was not stable in vitro and in vivo. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Development and stability of bacteriocin resistance in Campylobacter spp.

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: Usage of BCN E‐760 only selected low‐level BCNrCamp. jejuni mutants in vivo, and the low‐level BCN resistance was not stable in vitro and in vivo.Significance and Impact of the Study: The study provides helpful information for risk assessment of the future practical application of the anti‐Campylobacter BCNs in animals. (Source: Journal of Applied Microbiology)

Campylobacter jejuni Induces Colitis Through Activation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling

Gastroenterology — Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: mTOR signaling mediates C jejuni–induced colitis in Il10−/− mice, independently of T-cell activation. Factors involved in mTOR signaling might be therapeutic targets for campylobacteriosis. (Source: Gastroenterology)

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Characterization of the dehydratase WcbK and the reductase WcaG involved in GDP-6-deoxy-manno-heptose biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni.

The Biochemical Journal — Sun, 02 Oct 2011 22:42:19 +0100

Authors: McCallum M, Shaw GS, Creuzenet C Abstract The capsule of Campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 comprises the unusual 6-deoxy-α-D-altro-heptose, whose biosynthesis and function are not known. In the present study, we characterized enzymes of the capsular cluster, WcbK and WcaG, to determine their role in 6-deoxy-altro-heptose synthesis. These enzymes are similar to the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis GDP-manno-heptose dehydratase/reductase DmhA/DmhB that we characterized previously. Capillary electrophoresis and MS analyses showed that WcbK is a GDP-manno-heptose dehydratase whose product can be reduced by WcaG, and that WcbK/WcaG can use the substrate GDP-mannose, although with lower efficiency than heptose. Comparison of kinetic parameters for WcbK and DmhA indicated that the r...

Effect of a self-etching adhesive containing an antibacterial monomer on clinical periodontal parameters and subgingival microbiologic composition in orthodontic patients

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Introduction: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of a self-etching adhesive system containing an antibacterial monomer on periodontal health and subgingival microbiologic composition in orthodontic patients and to compare it with a conventional adhesive system.Methods: A split-mouth design was chosen, and 15 patients were included in the study. Brackets in contralateral quadrants were bonded with either a conventional adhesive system (control) or a self-etching adhesive system that contained an antibacterial monomer. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index, gingival index, probing depths, and bleeding on probing were determined. Subgingival plaque samples were collected before bracket placement (T0) and at the 6-month follow-up (T1). The real-time TaqMan poly...

International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes * Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria: Minutes of the closed Meeting, 2 September 2009, Niigata, Japan.

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Miller WG, On SL PMID: 21976590 [PubMed - in process] (Source: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology)

Salicylate Functions as an Efflux Pump Inducer and Promotes the Emergence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Mutants.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study, we determined how salicylate increases antibiotic resistance and evaluated its impact on the development of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter mutants. Transcriptional fusion assays, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and immunoblotting assays consistently demonstrated the induction of the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump by salicylate. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays further showed that salicylate inhibits the binding of CmeR (a transcriptional repressor of the TetR family) to the promoter DNA of cmeABC, suggesting that salicylate inhibits the function of CmeR. The presence of salicylate in the culture medium not only decreased the susceptibility of Campylobacter to ciprofloxacin but also resulted in an approximately 70-fold increase in the ob...

Quantitative RNA-seq analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni transcriptome.

Microbiology — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In this study we report RNA-seq analyses of the transcriptomes of C. jejuni (NCTC11168) and its rpoN mutant. This has allowed the identification of hitherto unknown transcriptional units, and further defines the regulon that is dependent on rpoN for expression. The analysis of the NCTC11168 transcriptome was supplemented by additional proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-MS. The transcriptomic and proteomic datasets represent an important resource for the Campylobacter research community. PMID: 21816880 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Microbiology)

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Subgingival microbial consortia and the clinical features of periodontitis in adolescents

European Journal of Oral Sciences — Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to investigate the association between microbial consortia and the clinical features of periodontitis using a multilevel modeling approach. A total of 958 sites in 87 adolescents with periodontitis (cases) and 73 controls were microbiologically sampled and clinically examined. Associations between each of the clinical parameters clinical attachment, probing depth, supragingival plaque, calculus, bleeding on probing, and each of 18 bacterial species; and between the same clinical parameters and each of two microbial consortia identified, were investigated using mixed‐effects regression modeling. Higher counts of Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were all statistically significantly associated with higher values of clinical attachment...

Specific detection of Campylobacter jejuni using the bacteriophage NCTC 12673 receptor binding protein as a probe

RSC - Analyst latest articles — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 08:11:28 +0100

Analyst, 2011, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C1AN15547D, PaperAmit Singh, Denis Arutyunov, Mark T. McDermott, Christine M. Szymanski, Stephane EvoyWe demonstrate the application of receptor binding protein of bacteriophage NCTC 12673 in the capture and detection of its host organism, Campylobacter jejuni.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - Analyst latest articles)

The genome and proteome of Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

We describe the genome and proteome of C. jejuni bacteriophage NCTC 12673 and the exploitation of its receptor binding protein for specific bacterial detectionRemarkably, the 135 kb Myoviridae genome of NCTC 12673 differs greatly from any other proteobacterial phage genome described (including C. jejuni sphages CP220 and CPt10) and instead shows closest homology to the cyanobacterial T4-related myophagesThe phage genome contains 172 putative open reading frames including 12 homing endonucleases, no visible means of packaging and a putative trans-splicing inteinThe phage DNA appears to be strongly associated with a protein which interfered with PCR-amplification and estimation of the phage genome mass by pulsed-field gel electrophoresisIdentification and analyses of the receptor binding pro...

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of Campylobacter jejuni ChuZ, a member of a novel haem oxygenase family

Acta Crystallographica Section F — Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

The haem oxygenase ChuZ from Campylobacter jejuni, a major enteric pathogen in humans, is part of the iron-acquisition mechanism that is involved in bacterial survival and persistence in hosts. The ChuZ–haemin complex has been purified and crystallized and diffraction data have been collected to 2.4 Å resolution. The ChuZ–haemin complex crystals belonged to space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 106.474, b = 106.698, c = 52.464 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. The asymmetric unit contained one ChuZ monomer, with a Matthews coefficient of 2.58 Å3 Da−1. (Source: Acta Crystallographica Section F)

Motility and Chemotaxis in Campylobacter and Helicobacter.

Annual Review of Microbiology — Wed, 28 Sep 2011 10:10:34 +0100

Authors: Lertsethtakarn P, Ottemann KM, Hendrixson DR Abstract Flagellar motility of Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori influences host colonization by promoting migration through viscous milieus such as gastrointestinal mucus. This review explores mechanisms C. jejuni and H. pylori employ to control flagellar biosynthesis and chemotactic responses. These microbes tightly control the activities of ?(54) and ?(28) to mediate ordered flagellar gene expression. In addition to phase-variable and posttranslational mechanisms, flagellar biosynthesis is regulated spatially and numerically so that only a certain number of organelles are placed at polar sites. To mediate chemotaxis, C. jejuni and H. pylori combine basic chemotaxis signal transduction components with several access...

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Sequencing of CJIE1 prophages from Campylobacter jejuni isolates reveals the presence of inserted and (or) deleted genes

Canadian Journal of Microbiology — Fri, 23 Sep 2011 07:09:39 +0100

Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 795-809, e-First articles. (Source: Canadian Journal of Microbiology)

Empiric antimicrobial therapy and infectious diarrhea. Do we need local guidelines?

European Journal of Internal Medicine — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 05:47:19 +0100

DISCUSSION: In the vast majority of acute diarrhea in adults, antibiotics are of no benefit and overprescription may confer to side effects, costs and emergence of resistance. Antibiotics are initiated in cases of febrile diarrheas especially those believed to have moderate to severe disease. Considering the increased incidence of C. jejuni and the resistance of the great majority of isolated strains to quinolones as well as the sensitivity of Salmonella spp. to azithromycin, administration of azithromycin empirically for acute diarrhea, when indicated, could be appropriate in our region. PMID: 21925045 [PubMed - in process] (Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine)

Roles of RpoN in the Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni under Various Stress Conditions

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the RpoN sigma factor plays a dynamic role in C. jejuni defense against various stresses which this bacterial pathogen may encounter during transmission to and infection of humans. (Source: BMC Microbiology - Latest articles)

Porcine intestinal epithelial responses to Campylobacter infection.

Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases. — Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study shows that intestinal epithelial cells from both species respond in a similar manner to Campylobacter infection regarding invasion, induction of innate immune response and effect on barrier function. PMID: 21944733 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.)

Rotavirus in adults requiring hospitalization

Journal of Infection — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Summary: Objectives: To determine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus among adults admitted to the hospital with diarrhea that have bacterial stool cultures sent.Methods: The prevalence of rotavirus was determined by Rotaclone EIA in samples submitted for bacterial stool culture from adults requiring hospitalization at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago from December 01, 2005–November 30, 2006.Results: Rotavirus was detected in 2.9% of eligible bacterial stool cultures. A bacterial pathogen (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter) was identified in 3.3%. Bacterial stool pathogens were more common from June–October while rotavirus was 2.4 times more common than all bacterial pathogens from February–May. Adults in whom rotavirus was detected were old...

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Detection of periodontal pathogens in newborns and children with mixed dentition

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 17:06:30 +0100

We report the age-related prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, along with four strains of orange complex pathogens. The bacteria present in samples isolated from tongue, cheek, and subgingival sulcus in edentulous newborns and children with mixed dentition were monitored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). P. gingivalis was not detected in any site of any subject in the two groups tested. However, T. denticola was not only found in the 6–13 years age group, but also in edentulous newborns at a relatively high prevalence, indicating non-dentition-related colonization by T. denticola. Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, T. forsythia, Eikenella corrodens, and Parvimonas micra were found in t...

Caecal transcriptome analysis of colonized and non-colonized chickens within two genetic lines that differ in caecal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni.

Animal Genetics — Sat, 17 Sep 2011 14:18:22 +0100

Authors: Li XY, Swaggerty CL, Kogut MH, Chiang HI, Wang Y, Genovese KJ, He H, Pevzner IY, Zhou HJ Abstract Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of human bacterial enteritis worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of the host responses of chickens to C. jejuni colonization are not well understood. We have previously found differences in C. jejuni colonization at 7-days post-inoculation (pi) between two genetic broiler lines. However, within each line, not all birds were colonized by C. jejuni (27.5% colonized in line A, and 70% in line B). Therefore, the objective of the present experiments was to further define the differences in host gene expression between colonized and non-colonized chickens within each genetic line. RNA isolated from ceca of colonized and non-co...

Project to tackle most common food poisoning bacteria

University of Bristol news — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 10:45:49 +0100

Twelve projects, bringing together researchers from across disciplines, will study Campylobacter in the food chain, from field to plate. One of the projects, led by the University’s School of Veterinary Sciences, will look at the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet of chickens. (Source: University of Bristol news)

Ribosomal mutations as the main cause of macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy — Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Lehtopolku M, Kotilainen P, Haanperä-Heikkinen M, Nakari UM, Hänninen ML, Huovinen P, Siitonen A, Eerola E, Jalava J, Hakanen AJ Abstract The aim of this study was to examine macrolide resistance mutations in Campylobacter species. In 76 strains studied, a point mutation A to G at the position 2059 of the 23S rRNA gene was detected in 30 of the 33 erythromycin-resistant strains. An amino acid insertion in the ribosomal protein L22 was found in one resistant strain without 23S rRNA mutation. The A2059G mutation is the main cause of macrolide resistance in Campylobacter species. PMID: 21911571 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)

Immunoreactive proteins of Campylobacter concisus, an emergent intestinal pathogen

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

In conclusion, this study has identified C. concisus proteins that are immunoreactive within Crohn's disease patients. (Source: FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology)

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Early microbial succession in redeveloping dental biofilms in periodontal health and disease

Journal of Periodontal Research — Sun, 04 Sep 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusion: There is a defined order in bacterial species succession in early supragingival and subgingival biofilm redevelopment after professional cleaning. (Source: Journal of Periodontal Research)

A Preliminary Study of Salmonella, Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli/Escherichia coli O157 and Campylobacter on Four Mixed Farms

Zoonoses and Public Health — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study highlights the need to control water as a source of pathogens and suggests that the domestic pets and deer should be considered in any farm risk assessment. (Source: Zoonoses and Public Health)

[Fatal bacteremia caused by Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter jejuni in patients with alcoholic liver disease].

Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Aguadero V, García AM, Sánchez J, Sánchez JL PMID: 21947101 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia)

Corticospinal tract dysfunction in a patient with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN)

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

A variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) with acute exclusively motor neuropathy, early conduction block (CB), normal or brisk tendon reflexes and fast recovery has been recently described in China and also in Western countries . The term “acute motor axonal neuropathy” (AMAN) has been coined because some clinical, electrophysiological and laboratory findings matched the features of the multifocal motor neuropathy. AMAN is often associated with anti GM1 and anti-GD1a IgG antibodies and a preceding Campylobacter jejuni infection. Little is known about pathological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with GBS. We performed nerve conduction studies (NCS) and central motor conduction studies by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a patient who was c...

Ciliate Ingestion and Digestion: Flow Cytometric Measurements and Regrowth of a Digestion‐Resistant Campylobacter jejuni

The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

AbstractWe measured ingestion and digestion rates of the pathogenic bacterium Campylobacter jejuni by a freshwater ciliate Colpoda sp. to determine whether Campylobacter is able to resist protist digestion. Campylobacter and the nonpathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas putida LH1 were labeled with a 5‐chloromethylfluorescein diacetate, which fluoresces in intact and active cells but fades when exposed to low pH environments, such as protistan food vacuoles. Ingestion and digestion rates were measured via flow cytometry as the change in ciliate fluorescence over time, which corresponded to the quantity of intracellular bacteria. The rate of Campylobacter ingestion exceeded the digestion rate. Ciliates retained labeled Campylobacter 5 h after ingestion was stopped. In contrast, ciliates grazin...

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Epidemiologic characteristics of human campylobacteriosis in the County Primorsko-goranska (Croatia), 2003-2007.

Collegium Antropologicum — Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100

Authors: Vucković D, Gregorović-Kesovija P, Brumini G, Tićac B, Abram M Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate campylobacteriosis incidence in the County Primorsko-goranska (Croatia) between 2003 and 2007 and to find out possible connection with environmental factors (the average monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation). The data (number of stool samples examined, age and sex distribution of patients, monthly distribution of isolates and distribution of isolates according to the species) from the Laboratory for Diagnostics of Enteric Infections of the Teaching Institute of Public Health of the County Primorsko-goranska (Croatia) were analyzed retrospectively. During the observed period 30,164 stool samples were examined for Campylobacter spp. Campylobacters...

Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: follow‐up of a patient cohort of confirmed cases of bacterial infection with Salmonella or Campylobacter

Neurogastroenterology and Motility — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions & Inferences Nearly 10% of patients with an intestinal bacterial infection report postinfectious symptoms up to 10 years after the infectious event. They represent a clinically important population with high psychiatric comorbidity and somatic symptom burden. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)

A Molecular Enrichment Strategy Based on cpn60 for Detection of Epsilon-Proteobacteria in the Dog Fecal Microbiome.

Microbial Ecology — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Chaban B, Links MG, Hill JE Abstract Members of the rare microbiome can be important components of complex microbial communities. For example, pet dog ownership is a known risk factor for human campylobacteriosis, and Campylobacter is commonly detected in dog feces by targeted assays. However, these organisms have not been detected by metagenomic methods. The goal of this study was to characterize fecal microbiota from healthy and diarrheic pet dogs using two different levels of molecular detection. PCR amplification and pyrosequencing of the universal cpn60 gene target was used to obtain microbial profiles from each dog. To investigate the relatively rare epsilon-proteobacteria component of the microbiome, a molecular enrichment was carried out using a PCR that first ampl...

Synthesis of the 6-O-Methyl-d-glycero-α-l-gluco-heptopyranose Moiety Present in the Capsular Polysaccharide from Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168

Organic Letters — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 19:51:27 +0100

Organic LettersDOI: 10.1021/ol202152r (Source: Organic Letters)

Antibacterial activity of three medicinal Thai plants against Campylobacter jejuni and other foodborne pathogens.

Natural Product Research — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100

This study investigated the antibacterial activity of these plants against six species of foodborne pathogen. Methods and solvents employed to extract active constituents were optimised using the disc diffusion assay. Phytochemical analysis of the optimised extracts was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by broth microdilution. A. pavonina contained flavonoids, terpines and tannins, and was the most active extract against Campylobacter jejuni, inhibiting growth at 62.5-125 µg mL(-1). The A. squamosa extract contained flavonoids, terpines, tannins and alkaloids, and had the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity, inhibiting Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Sta...

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Toxic megacolon

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases — Sun, 28 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

AbstractAbstract: Toxic megacolon represents a dreaded complication of mainly inflammatory or infectious conditions of the colon. It is most commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e., ulcerative colitis or ileocolonic Crohn's disease. Lately, the epidemiology has shifted toward infectious causes, specifically due to an increase of Clostridium difficile‐associated colitis possibly due to the extensive (ab)use of broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Other important infectious etiologies include Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), rotavirus, Aspergillus, and Entameba. Less frequently, toxic megacolon has been attributed to ischemic colitis, collagenous colitis, or obstructive colorectal cancer. Toxic colonic dilatation may also occur in hemolytic‐ure...

Molecular identification and characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) in a urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter sp. (UPTC)

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology — Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:32 +0100

Abstract Novel clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) locus [7,500 base pairs (bp) in length] occurred in the urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) Japanese isolate, CF89-12. The 7,500 bp gene loci consisted of the 5′-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate methyltransferase gene, putative (P) CRISPR associated (p-Cas), putative open reading frames, Cas1 and Cas2, leader sequence region (146 bp), 12 CRISPRs consensus sequence repeats (each 36 bp) separated by a non-repetitive unique spacer region of similar length (26–31 bp) and the phosphatidyl glycerophosphatase A gene. When the CRISPRs loci in the UPTC CF89-12 and five C. jejuni isolates were compared with one another, these six isolates contained p-Cas, Cas1 and ...

Clinical spectrum of serious bacterial infections among splenectomized patients with hemoglobinopathies in Israel: a 37-year follow-up study

Infection — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 16:03:48 +0100

Conclusions Splenectomized patients with β thalassemia and sickle cell disease are predisposed to severe infections, with the majority of these infections being caused by Gram-negative microorganisms. The attending physician(s) should take these findings into consideration when deciding upon an empiric antibiotic treatment for splenectomized patients who present with fever or sepsis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical and Epidemiological StudyPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s15010-011-0178-5Authors W. Sakran, Pediatric Department “B”, Ha’Emek Medical Center, 18101 Afula, IsraelC. Levin, Pediatric Department “B”, Ha’Emek Medical Center, 18101 Afula, IsraelY. Kenes, Microbiology Laboratory, Ha’Emek Medical Center, Afula, IsraelR. Colodner, Microbiology ...

The Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168 capsule prevents excessive cytokine production by dendritic cells

Medical Microbiology and Immunology — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 07:19:34 +0100

Abstract Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, mainly caused by handling and consumption of contaminated poultry. However, the immune response to infection is poorly understood. Here, the impact of the C. jejuni capsule, flagella and the N-linked glycosylation system on cytokine production by dendritic cells was investigated. Bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (BMDCs) infected with C. jejuni lacking the N-linked glycosylation system produced similar amounts of cytokines compared to cells infected with C. jejuni 11168H wild-type (WT) cultures. C. jejuni flagellin FlaA mutants elicited reduced IL-6 and IL-10 production in BMDCs compared to C. jejuni WT and this reduction was more pronounced in TLR4−/− BMDCs. An acap...

A Campylobacter jejuni Dps Homolog Has a Role in Intracellular Survival and in the Development of Campylobacterosis in Neonate Piglets

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease — Sun, 21 Aug 2011 20:14:25 +0100

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease , Vol. 0, No. 0. (Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease)

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Real-time multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia species in fecal samples.

International Journal of Medical Microbiology — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Wiemer D, Loderstaedt U, von Wulffen H, Priesnitz S, Fischer M, Tannich E, Hagen RM Abstract Diarrheal diseases due to notifiable bacterial infections require rapid diagnosis of the causative pathogens. To facilitate detection, a real-time multiplex PCR was developed that identifies common diarrhea-causing bacteria in fecal samples. On the basis of published sequence data, sets of primers and probes were designed that were specific for Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli EIEC, and Yersinia species, suitable for use in a one-tube PCR assay. The assay was assessed using a list of 137 well-defined intestinal bacterial strains or isolates. Furthermore, 393 routine clinical stool samples were analyzed, and the results of real-time multiple...

N‐linked glycosylation in Archaea: two paths to the same glycan

Molecular Microbiology — Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryN‐linked protein glycosylation occurs in all three branches of life, eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. The simplest system is that of the bacterium, Campylobacter jejuni, in which a heptasaccharide glycan is added to multiple proteins from a single lipid carrier molecule. In the eukaryotic system a conserved tetradecasaccharide modification is first added to target proteins, but is then modified by trimming and addition of other glycans from additional carrier molecules resulting in a diverse array of glycans of distinct functionality. In the halophilic Archaea from the Dead Sea, Haloferax volcanii, the surface array or S‐layer protein is glycosylated with a pentasaccharide. This glycan is synthesized from two separate carrier molecules, one that carries a tetrasaccharide and an...

Asia-Pacific Working Group consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Gut — Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), especially peptic ulcer bleeding, remains one of the most important cause of hospitalisation and mortality world wide. In Asia, with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, a potential difference in drug metabolism, and a difference in clinical management of UGIB due to variable socioeconomic environments, it is considered necessary to re-examine the International Consensus of Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding with emphasis on data generated from the region. The working group, which comprised experts from 12 countries from Asia, recommended the use of the Blatchford score for selection of patients who require endoscopic intervention and which would allow early discharge of patients at low risk. Patients' comorbid conditions sho...

Salicylate functions as an efflux pump inducer and promotes the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants in Campylobacter jejuni.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we determined how salicylate increases antibiotic resistance and evaluated its impact on the development of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants in Campylobacter. Transcriptional fusion assay, real time quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting assay consistently demonstrated the induction of the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump by salicylate. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further showed that salicylate inhibits the binding of CmeR (a transcriptional repressor of the TetR family) to the promoter DNA of cmeABC, suggesting that salicylate inhibits the function of CmeR. Presence of salicylate in culture media not only decreased the susceptibility of Campylobacter to ciprofloxacin, but also resulted in an approximately 70-fold increase in the observed frequency of emergence of fluo...

Quantitative RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome of Campylobacter jejuni.

Microbiology — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study we report RNA-seq analyses of the transcriptomes of C. jejuni (NCTC11168), and its rpoN mutant. This has allowed the identification of hitherto unknown transcriptional units, and further defines the regulon that is dependent on rpoN for expression. The analysis of the NCTC11168 transcriptome was supplemented by additional proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The transcriptomic and proteomic datasets represent an important resource for the Campylobacter research community. PMID: 21816880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Microbiology)

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A simplified and cost-effective enrichment protocol for the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat without microaerobic incubation

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100

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Campylobacter jejuni dsb gene expression is regulated by iron in a Fur-dependent manner and by a translational coupling mechanism

BMC Microbiology - Latest articles — Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

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Physical, chemical and microbiological quality of ice used to cool drinks and foods in Greece and its public health implications.

Anaerobe — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Gerokomou V, Voidarou C, Vatopoulos A, Velonakis E, Rozos G, Alexopoulos A, Plessas S, Stavropoulou E, Bezirtzoglou E, Demertzi KA, Demertzis PG Ice used for direct human consumption or to preserve foods and cool down drinks can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and may potentially become a vehicle for consumer's infection. To evaluate physical, chemical and microbiological quality of commercial ice and ice used for fish and seafood, 100 ice samples collected at 10 different retail points in the region of Epirus were studied. The following microbiological parameters were determined: Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Escherichiacoli, Campylobacter sp., Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostri...

Analysis of glycosylation motifs and glycosyltransferases in Bacteria and Archaea.

Bioinformation — Fri, 22 Jul 2011 03:13:31 +0100

In this study we carried out the bioinformatics analysis of one of the key enzymes of pgl locus from Campylobacter jejuni, known as PglB, which is distributed widely in bacteria and AglB from archaea. Relatively little sequence similarity was observed in the archaeal AglB(s) as compared to those of the bacterial PglB(s). In addition we tried to the answer the question of as to why not all the sequins Asp-X-Ser/Thr have an equal opportunity to be glycosylated by looking at the influence of the neighboring amino acids but no significant conserved pattern of the flanking sites could be identified. The software tool was developed to predict the potential glycosylation sites in autotransporter protein, the virulence factors of gram negative bacteria, and our results revealed that the frequency ...

Temporal variation and host association in the Campylobacter population in a longitudinal ruminant farm study.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Sproston EL, Ogden ID, Macrae M, Dallas JF, Sheppard SK, Cody AJ, Colles FM, Wilson MJ, Forbes KJ, Strachan NJ Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli was quantified and typed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) from fecal samples collected from a mixed cattle and sheep farm during summer. Cattle had a significantly higher prevalence than sheep (21.9 % (74/338) and 14.0 % (30/214), respectively) but both reduced over time. There were no differences in the average Campylobacter concentrations shed between cattle (600 CFU g(-1)) and sheep (820 CFU g(-1)), although sheep did show a significant temporal reduction in the number of Campylobacter shed in their feces. A total of 21 different sequence types (STs) (97.7 % C. jejuni, 2.3 % C. coli) were isolated from cattle and 9 different...

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Following an imaginary Campylobacter population from farm to fork and beyond: a bacterial perspective

Letters in Applied Microbiology — Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

SummaryIt has been known for decades that poultry meat is the most common single source for campylobacteriosis, and yet, the problem has not been solved. This review identifies some of the reasons why our attempts to reduce the incidence of this pathogen have largely failed. Based on the literature, the events a virtual population of Campylobacter may encounter, from growing in the gut of a broiler to eventually infecting humans and causing disease, are reviewed. Most steps in the farm‐to‐fork process are well studied, though there are gaps in our knowledge about survival and spread of Campylobacter populations before they enter the farm. Key events in the farm‐to‐fork chain that are suitable targets for prevention and control, in order to reduce food‐born campylobacteriosis, are...

Tubal factor infertility is associated with antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) but not human HSP60

Human Reproduction — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm an association between TFI and antibodies to MOMP and HSP60 from C. trachomatis, suggesting antibody testing as a supplement in TFI diagnosis. No connection was observed between TFI and antibodies to human HSP60, pointing to an infectious rather than an autoimmune inflammation as the cause of TFI. (Source: Human Reproduction)

Emerging dynamics of human campylobacteriosis in Southern Ireland

FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

In this study, we employed a two‐tiered molecular study on 7,194 patient faecal samples received by the Microbiology Department in Cork University Hospital during the 2009 calendar year. The first step, using EntericBio® (Serosep, Limerick, Ireland), a multiplex PCR system, detected Campylobacter to the genus level. The second step, utilising Campylobacter species‐specific PCR identified to the species level. A total of 340 samples were confirmed as Campylobacter genus positive, 329 of which were identified to species level with 33 samples containing mixed Campylobacter infections. C. jejuni, present in 72.4% of samples, was the most common species detected, however, 27.4% of patient samples contained non C. jejuni/C. coli spp; C. fetus (2.4%), C. upsaliensis (1.2%), C. hyointestinali...

Systemic response to Campylobacter jejuni infection by profiling gene transcription in the spleens of two genetic lines of chickens

Immunogenetics — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 05:55:21 +0100

Abstract Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a leading cause of human bacterial enteritis worldwide with poultry products being a major source of C. jejuni contamination. The chicken is the natural reservoir of C. jejuni where bacteria colonize the digestive tract of poultry, but rarely cause symptoms of disease. To understand the systemic molecular response mechanisms to C. jejuni infection in chickens, total splenic RNA was isolated and applied to a whole genome chicken microarray for comparison between infected (I) and non-infected (N) chickens within and between genetic lines A and B. There were more total splenic host genes responding to the infection in resistant line A than in susceptible line B. Specifically, genes for lymphocyte activation, differentiation and humo...

Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from human, food, veterinary and environmental sources in Iceland using PFGE, MLST and fla‐SVR sequencing

Journal of Applied Microbiology — Sat, 09 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Conclusions: The results show a substantial diversity within the Icelandic Campylobacter population. Majority of the human Campylobacter infections originated from domestic chicken and cattle isolates. MLST showed the isolates to be distributed among previously reported and common sequence type complexes in the MLST database.Significance and Impact of the Study: The genotyping of Campylobacter from various sources has not previously been reported from Iceland, and the results of the study gave a valuable insight into the population structure of Camp. jejuni in Iceland, source distribution and transmission routes to humans. The geographical isolation of Iceland in the north Atlantic provides new information on Campylobacter population dynamics on a global scale. (Source: Journal of Ap...

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Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia Revealed by Cellulitis without Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Context of Acquired Hypogammaglobulinemia: A Report of Three Cases

Clinical and Developmental Immunology — Sat, 09 Jul 2011 13:59:41 +0100

We describe three cases of severe infection due to C. fetus with cellulitis at presentation, but without any gastrointestinal symptoms, occurring in patients with acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

Chemotactic behavior of Campylobacter spp. in function of different temperatures (37 °C and 42 °C).

Anaerobe — Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

Authors: Baserisalehi M, Bahador N The chemotactic behaviour of Campylobacter strains was determined in the presence of different amino acids at two temperatures (37 °C and 42 °C). Two strains of catalase positive (Campylobacter jejuni) and negative (Campylobacter sputurum) Campylobacter were isolated from river water in Tonekabon, Iran and identified by phenotyping and 16srRNA Gene sequencing methods. Chemotactic responses of the isolates were assessed toward a variety of amino acids viz., L-cystine, L-asparagine, L-histidine, L-aspartic acid, L-serine, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine and L-tryptophan by disc and capillary methods at two temperatures: 37 °C and 42 °C. C. jejuni showed positive chemotactic response towards L-cystine,L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, - L-leucine, L-asp...

Differences in antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler intestines and drumsticks in lithuania

Journal of Food Safety — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuni isolates from broiler intestines and from retail poultry drumsticks were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility in Lithuania during 2009. The results were interpreted according to EUCAST epidemiological cut‐off values using a broth microdilution method. The current study demonstrated that C. jejuni isolated from poultry drumsticks were more frequently resistant to different classes of antimicrobials – (fluoro)quinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, than those isolated from intestines of live chickens; however, statistically significant results were obtained only for ciprofloxacin. All isolates from chicken intestines and drumsticks were susceptible to chloramphenicol. According to the data of the current study, it may be presumed that po...

Prednisone/rituximab: Campylobacter fetus infection: 3 case reports

Reactions — Sun, 03 Jul 2011 18:34:01 +0100

(Source: Reactions)